Nano 6
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Nano 6 as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,419
- Pages: 1
Paper6 NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS
Introduction: Nature has played the game at this level for billions of years, building stuff with atomic precision. Every living thing is made of cells that are chock full of nanomachines- proteins, DNA, RNA, etc . each jiggling around in the water of the cell, rubbing up against other molecules, going about the span of life. Richard Feynman introduced the concept of Nanotechnology in 1959 . The impact of Nanotechnology on the health, wealth and lives of people will be at least the equivalent of the combined influences of microelectronics, medical imagining, computer-aided engineering and man-made polymers developed in this industry. Nanotechnology will include the integration of these nano scale structures into larger material componenets, systems and architectures. Nanotechnology has captured the imaginations of scientists, engineers and economists not only because of the explosion of discoveries at the nanoscale, but also because of the potential societal implications. Nanotechnology's relevance is underlined by the importance of controlling matter at the nanoscale for healthcare, the environment, sustainability and almost all industries. Nanotechnology is the latest technology and an area of special interests in research and study's and as a result it is developing rapidly. It has great possibility for producing improvements and innovations in many areas of life. Some of the changes are: • New and improved health treatments • Reduced use of some harmful or scarce resources • Cleaner, faster and safer manufacturing • Quicker and smaller devices • Increased life-cycle of products • Many other improvements to existing products
Latest Development in Nanotechnology
NANOCOPTERS:
The first microscopic “helicopters” which could carry out medical tasks inside our body which are not bigger than a virus particle. They have a metal post upon which metal propellers and biological components are an attached.the biological component converts the body's biochemical fuel, ATP, into energy. This is used to turn the propellers at a rate of 8 rotations per second. In tests the nano helicopters propellers for up to 2^1/2 hours. This is an important first step towards producing miniature machines capable of functioning in side a living structure.
NANOTUBES: Carbon Nan tubes is so microscopic that they cannot be seen easily and are stronger than diamonds. Although formed from organic material but they act as metals or semiconductors. They offer great potential in electronics, lasers and medicine.
Nanotubes are tube like structures that result from a special arrangement of carbon atoms. These are made of one single layer of graphite. The fibres of nano tubes are strongest fibres known. Like fingerprints, each Nanotubes has a unique pulse. The pulsing Nanotubes reflect light waves like a car reflects sound waves from a police radar gun. Nanotubes, whichemit light, may also be used for lasers and other opt-electronic devices.
Properties and Potential Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
Properties
Potential applications
Mechanical Carbon Nanotubes are 100 times
It has got the usage in composite
stronger than steel and 6 times
materials, space elevator, etc.
lighter in weight.
C arbon Nanotubes have very high Flexibility.
Actuators
Electrical
Metallic or semiconductor behavior.
Used in conductive plastics.
As conductive.
Electronically nano components like diode and transistors.
Electron gun, field emission display.
It has easily tunable field emission.
Physico-chemical
High specific area.
Hydrogen storage for fuel cell cars.
Batteries with improved lifetimenanometric test tubes. Cavities are present that enables molecular storage Inside the carbon nanotube.
Electronical nanocomponents,material protection. Chemical treatment on carbon Nanotubes,enabling to fix other molecules to carbon Nanotubes.
Biosensors for harmful gases , chemical analysis. High thermal resistance(up to 1500 0 c under vacuum)
COMPUTERS:
The output from a computer is now an image or a piece of text, but since computers are used so frequently design object, it would be useful to provide an output that was the 3-D artifact itself. This can be done by repeated inkjet printing, instead of ink, a material that solidifies after printing, to build up a 3-D image made from plastic. Alternatively, a container of liquid monomer can be scanned by laser beam, whose light initiates the polymerization of the monomer to from a solid plastic object. Nanowires:
Nano wires are structures that have a lateral size constrained to tens of nano meters or less and an unconstrained longitudinal size. The nano wires can show peculiar shapes. Some times they can show non-crystalline order, like a pentagonal symmetry or a helicoidal or spiral shape. In some cases Nanowires can show fivefold symmetry. The lack of crystalline order is due to the fact that a Nanowires is periodic only in 1D.typical Nanowires exhibit aspect ratios (the ratio between length to width) of thousand or more. Nano wires have many interesting features that are not seen in bulk or 3-D materials. This is because electrons in Nanowires are quantum confined laterally and thus occupy energy levels that are different from the traditional continuum of energy levels or bands found in bulk materials.
Use of Nanowires:
Nanowires can be used to build the next generation of computing devices. To create active electronic elements, the first key step was to chemical dope a semi conductor nanowire. But now the individual Nanowires can create p/n-types of semiconductors. After p-n junctions were built with Nanowires, the next logical step was to build logic gates. By putting, connecting several p-n junctions together, researchers have been able to create the basis of all logic circuits: the AND, OR and NOT gates have all been built from semiconductor nanowire crossings. It's possible that semiconductor Nanowire crossings will be important to the future of digital computing.
APPLICATIONS:
Nanotechnology in INDUSTRIES
Nano technology will enable us to make new materials. These new materials will be stronger, lighter and even interactive. The uses for these new materials are endless, from knives that never need sharpening to better spaceships. The characterization of materials the determination of their shape, size, distribution, mechanical and chemical properties is an important part of the industrial process. Current industrial applications of Nano technologies are mainly in the characterization of materials, the production of chemicals and materials. So far, the relatively small number of applications of nano technologies has made its way in industrial application. Nano technology has made the industrial applications easier; those are cosmetic, household appliances, antibacterial bandages incorporating silver nano particles, anti-static packaging for sensitive electronic equipment, and nanofilm-coated “self- cleaning“ windows and stain-resistant fabrics are the several uses.
Nano technology in Electronics
Electronics represents the foundation of nearly every innovative technology of our time. There is now hardly any piece of technical equipment that can do without electronic components. Even more important, however, is the leveraging effect that electronics has on innovation because of its fundamental character. Worldwide, the electronics industry is already the leader among the manufacturing industries, having already surpassed even the automobile industry. Of particular importance, how ever, is the fact that no other manufacturing sector generates as much added value as electronics.
Nano technology in Medicine
• Nano-crystalline silver, which is known to have anti-microbial properties, is being used in wound dressings in USA . • Applications of nano science and nano technologies are also leading to the production of materials and devices such as scaffolds for cell and tissue engineering, and sensors that can be used for monitoring aspects of human health. • In the much longer term, the development of nano electronic systems that can detect and process the information could lead to the development of an artificial retina or cochlea. • Progress in the area of bio-nano technology will build our understanding of natural biological structures on the molecular scale, such as proteins.
Nano technology could mean the end of the disease. If caught by cold or contracted AIDS, one just need to drink a teaspoon of liquid that contain an army of molecule sized nanobots that are programmed to enter body's cells and fight viruses.
Nano technology in Defense
Nano technology opens a broad spectrum of possible military uses that both expand and extend existing systems and define radical new applications. Nano technologies will present both new opportunities in defense and external threats. Nanobots could attack certain kinds of metal, lubricants, or rubber, destroying conventional weaponry by literally consuming it. Transfer of information through advanced nano electronics. • Produce automatic devices like robotics to offset reductions in military manpower that will reduce risks to troops, and improve vehicle performance. • Improvements in chemical/biological/nuclear sensing and casualty care. • New types of clothing are possible, such as smooth, strong fabrics; Sensory enhanced garments of fibres mixed with nano chips.
C ollected and C reated by youtrick.com .....
Introduction: Nature has played the game at this level for billions of years, building stuff with atomic precision. Every living thing is made of cells that are chock full of nanomachines- proteins, DNA, RNA, etc . each jiggling around in the water of the cell, rubbing up against other molecules, going about the span of life. Richard Feynman introduced the concept of Nanotechnology in 1959 . The impact of Nanotechnology on the health, wealth and lives of people will be at least the equivalent of the combined influences of microelectronics, medical imagining, computer-aided engineering and man-made polymers developed in this industry. Nanotechnology will include the integration of these nano scale structures into larger material componenets, systems and architectures. Nanotechnology has captured the imaginations of scientists, engineers and economists not only because of the explosion of discoveries at the nanoscale, but also because of the potential societal implications. Nanotechnology's relevance is underlined by the importance of controlling matter at the nanoscale for healthcare, the environment, sustainability and almost all industries. Nanotechnology is the latest technology and an area of special interests in research and study's and as a result it is developing rapidly. It has great possibility for producing improvements and innovations in many areas of life. Some of the changes are: • New and improved health treatments • Reduced use of some harmful or scarce resources • Cleaner, faster and safer manufacturing • Quicker and smaller devices • Increased life-cycle of products • Many other improvements to existing products
Latest Development in Nanotechnology
NANOCOPTERS:
The first microscopic “helicopters” which could carry out medical tasks inside our body which are not bigger than a virus particle. They have a metal post upon which metal propellers and biological components are an attached.the biological component converts the body's biochemical fuel, ATP, into energy. This is used to turn the propellers at a rate of 8 rotations per second. In tests the nano helicopters propellers for up to 2^1/2 hours. This is an important first step towards producing miniature machines capable of functioning in side a living structure.
NANOTUBES: Carbon Nan tubes is so microscopic that they cannot be seen easily and are stronger than diamonds. Although formed from organic material but they act as metals or semiconductors. They offer great potential in electronics, lasers and medicine.
Nanotubes are tube like structures that result from a special arrangement of carbon atoms. These are made of one single layer of graphite. The fibres of nano tubes are strongest fibres known. Like fingerprints, each Nanotubes has a unique pulse. The pulsing Nanotubes reflect light waves like a car reflects sound waves from a police radar gun. Nanotubes, whichemit light, may also be used for lasers and other opt-electronic devices.
Properties and Potential Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
Properties
Potential applications
Mechanical Carbon Nanotubes are 100 times
It has got the usage in composite
stronger than steel and 6 times
materials, space elevator, etc.
lighter in weight.
C arbon Nanotubes have very high Flexibility.
Actuators
Electrical
Metallic or semiconductor behavior.
Used in conductive plastics.
As conductive.
Electronically nano components like diode and transistors.
Electron gun, field emission display.
It has easily tunable field emission.
Physico-chemical
High specific area.
Hydrogen storage for fuel cell cars.
Batteries with improved lifetimenanometric test tubes. Cavities are present that enables molecular storage Inside the carbon nanotube.
Electronical nanocomponents,material protection. Chemical treatment on carbon Nanotubes,enabling to fix other molecules to carbon Nanotubes.
Biosensors for harmful gases , chemical analysis. High thermal resistance(up to 1500 0 c under vacuum)
COMPUTERS:
The output from a computer is now an image or a piece of text, but since computers are used so frequently design object, it would be useful to provide an output that was the 3-D artifact itself. This can be done by repeated inkjet printing, instead of ink, a material that solidifies after printing, to build up a 3-D image made from plastic. Alternatively, a container of liquid monomer can be scanned by laser beam, whose light initiates the polymerization of the monomer to from a solid plastic object. Nanowires:
Nano wires are structures that have a lateral size constrained to tens of nano meters or less and an unconstrained longitudinal size. The nano wires can show peculiar shapes. Some times they can show non-crystalline order, like a pentagonal symmetry or a helicoidal or spiral shape. In some cases Nanowires can show fivefold symmetry. The lack of crystalline order is due to the fact that a Nanowires is periodic only in 1D.typical Nanowires exhibit aspect ratios (the ratio between length to width) of thousand or more. Nano wires have many interesting features that are not seen in bulk or 3-D materials. This is because electrons in Nanowires are quantum confined laterally and thus occupy energy levels that are different from the traditional continuum of energy levels or bands found in bulk materials.
Use of Nanowires:
Nanowires can be used to build the next generation of computing devices. To create active electronic elements, the first key step was to chemical dope a semi conductor nanowire. But now the individual Nanowires can create p/n-types of semiconductors. After p-n junctions were built with Nanowires, the next logical step was to build logic gates. By putting, connecting several p-n junctions together, researchers have been able to create the basis of all logic circuits: the AND, OR and NOT gates have all been built from semiconductor nanowire crossings. It's possible that semiconductor Nanowire crossings will be important to the future of digital computing.
APPLICATIONS:
Nanotechnology in INDUSTRIES
Nano technology will enable us to make new materials. These new materials will be stronger, lighter and even interactive. The uses for these new materials are endless, from knives that never need sharpening to better spaceships. The characterization of materials the determination of their shape, size, distribution, mechanical and chemical properties is an important part of the industrial process. Current industrial applications of Nano technologies are mainly in the characterization of materials, the production of chemicals and materials. So far, the relatively small number of applications of nano technologies has made its way in industrial application. Nano technology has made the industrial applications easier; those are cosmetic, household appliances, antibacterial bandages incorporating silver nano particles, anti-static packaging for sensitive electronic equipment, and nanofilm-coated “self- cleaning“ windows and stain-resistant fabrics are the several uses.
Nano technology in Electronics
Electronics represents the foundation of nearly every innovative technology of our time. There is now hardly any piece of technical equipment that can do without electronic components. Even more important, however, is the leveraging effect that electronics has on innovation because of its fundamental character. Worldwide, the electronics industry is already the leader among the manufacturing industries, having already surpassed even the automobile industry. Of particular importance, how ever, is the fact that no other manufacturing sector generates as much added value as electronics.
Nano technology in Medicine
• Nano-crystalline silver, which is known to have anti-microbial properties, is being used in wound dressings in USA . • Applications of nano science and nano technologies are also leading to the production of materials and devices such as scaffolds for cell and tissue engineering, and sensors that can be used for monitoring aspects of human health. • In the much longer term, the development of nano electronic systems that can detect and process the information could lead to the development of an artificial retina or cochlea. • Progress in the area of bio-nano technology will build our understanding of natural biological structures on the molecular scale, such as proteins.
Nano technology could mean the end of the disease. If caught by cold or contracted AIDS, one just need to drink a teaspoon of liquid that contain an army of molecule sized nanobots that are programmed to enter body's cells and fight viruses.
Nano technology in Defense
Nano technology opens a broad spectrum of possible military uses that both expand and extend existing systems and define radical new applications. Nano technologies will present both new opportunities in defense and external threats. Nanobots could attack certain kinds of metal, lubricants, or rubber, destroying conventional weaponry by literally consuming it. Transfer of information through advanced nano electronics. • Produce automatic devices like robotics to offset reductions in military manpower that will reduce risks to troops, and improve vehicle performance. • Improvements in chemical/biological/nuclear sensing and casualty care. • New types of clothing are possible, such as smooth, strong fabrics; Sensory enhanced garments of fibres mixed with nano chips.
C ollected and C reated by youtrick.com .....
