My Report

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My report Data collection: I with my collage elaborated together in the beginning of this project. First we prepared some shits of paper and we gave them to one of our professors in the collage. second , he handed them out to his level three students .every paper asks about a student s age, nationality ,which level he is ,his school , former experience ,has he been abroad , where ,and the social status .Every one writs his own information and a short paragraph about a journey topic .third when we received the papers , we tape these texts in computer in order to analyze them by monoconc program. Fourth, we started analysis. Their ages are between 19 and 22. No one of them has studied abroad. All of them are Saudis except one Egyptian student and all of them in level 3. The number of words is2000 and the student number Finally, I used the program in analysis the texts. When I opened Monoconc program I loaded corpus and I found :

The Arabian students texts statistics are: 1- The word number is 2002 words

2-The most frequent words: 1) I,111 2) To,100 3) We,85 4) And,77 5) The,65 6) A,64 7) Went,50 8) It,40 9) Journey,38 10)My,38 11)In,33 12)On,33 13)Last,28 14)Was,27 15)At,15 16)An,4

(B)the native speakers texts statistics : 1-the number of words is 2002.

2-the most frequent words in the native speakers texts: 1) The,157 2) Of,69 3) To,61

4) And,44 5) A,38 6) In,35 7) Is,27 8) At,26 9) Which,25 10)With,24 11)On,22 12)From,21 13)I,22 14)That,20 15)An,5 16)Day,5

Data analysis: In the beginning , I want to write and discuss about prepositions of time and place . My report concerns about the field of prepositions and the correct way for using it . In grammar, a preposition is a part of speech that introduces a prepositional phrase . A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence . In itself, a word like "in" or "on" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words . For instance, when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "at" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else . I specifically will concern about the preposition of time and place especially on ( in , on , at ) . They differs between native and the Arabian students texts . Because there is difference between ( in ,on, at ) students make a lot of mistakes . The preposition ( in ) are used equally between native and non-native speakers . All of them use ( In ) 35 times. The Arabian students texts use ( on ) 33 times. But the native speakers use (on ) 22 times . The Arabian students texts use ( at ) 15 times. But the native speakers use (at) 26 times .

1- The Arabian students texts use ( in ) with place for example ; "Finally , we have a great time in Taif" . another example ;" we eat dinner in haill at 10.00 Pm after that I viset my family and my frind" . Also;" When we were in Florida we went to disney world". Also;" after , we arrived in disirt". Also " I went and my friends in university .And breakfast at beach and drink tea .And play football on beach and swimming in sea" . also" I

visited my grandfather .Then, I ate a wonderful diner in their house" . Also "The weather in Newzealand is a wonderful" . They use ( in ) well with place . Also native speakers use ( in ) with place . For example; "One short-term goal that I do have this year is to do better in all my subjects in school this year" ," Well, I had my opportunity in 7th grade to go to France in Europe" ," The place I stayed in France was a house not too far from Paris. It was in the rural areas of France, but it was a lovely place" ,and " At this point I was really excited because in the shop were small dynamites, the size of USB drives to rockets that would shoot in the sky to make pretty sparkles in the sky" . The Arabian students texts use (in) for time. For example;" I met him at 7:30 on Wednesday in the night" . , " In the biganing , I met with my friend in the morning at the university". and, " In next day we come back to our city. Finally I love journey ". Also the native speakers use ( in ) for time. For example ;" Soon, time kept the experience short, and in less than 2 weeks, I had to head back to the United States" , and" I have learned so much in such a short time period and I definitely stayed away from explosives and fireworks for awhile". 2- (on) is used by The Arabian students texts for place and time. But the uses for time are more than place. For example; " Last week ,I went on a journey to sea . I went and my friends in university .And breakfast at beach and drink tea .And play football on beach and swimming in sea" , and" Last month , I went to on a journey to Jeddah with my friend . first of all , I met him at 7:30 on Wednesday in the night . Second , we arrived Jeddah at 3:09 A .M . third , we bought a dinner and we ate it .After that , we listened to some songs . Then , on Thursday we

went to the beach and played football and we stay over there until the night . In next day we come back to our city .Finally I love journey ". Also native speakers use on for time and place . For example;" One day, on a weekend, Julien gathered some friends to have a picnic and to go on a bike journey. There were a total of 6 including me, 4 guys and 2 girls. Julien lent me one of his bikes, which was not the best because the wheels kept jamming, but usable. On the way, we stopped at stores to pick up snacks and accessories" , " Every goal that you set should and will have an effect on your future" ,and " There was just too much to see and I was glad that I had traveled on this trip to France". 3- The Arabian students texts use (at) for time and place. For example;" In the beginning ,we met in the morning , at my home", " In the biganing , I met with my friend in the morning at the university" ,and " I met him at 7:30 on Wednesday in the night". The native speakers also use (at) for time and place. But as I mentioned before it is rarely. For example;" On the way, we stopped at stores to pick up snacks and accessories", and " But anyway you look at it; the goals you plan and set now will have an effect on your future and may determine it". I look for grammar books and I found the rules for the uses of (in, on , at).

1 - PREPOSITIONS OF TIME 9.1 Usage: At, On, In:

These prepositions are used to show the time and date of events, activities and situations: e.g. at three o'clock. in June. on Monday. 9.2 Structure: At: at + particular time: dawn, midday, noon, night, midnight, nine o'clock etc.. e.g. at dawn. at + the + a particular time in a week/month/year: start/end of the week/month/year, weekend. e.g. at the start of July. at + calendar festival season: Christmas, New Year, Easter etc.. e.g. at Easter. at + meal: breakfast, lunch, mid-morning, tea, dinner, supper etc.. e.g. at breakfast. 9.3 Structure: On: on + day of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday etc. e.g. on Thursday. on + particular part of a day: Friday morning, Saturday afternoon. e.g. on Sunday evening. on + particular date: 25 July 2001, 4 January. e.g. on 19 March. N.B. On the nineteenth of March is how this date is read aloud or said in conversation.

on + calendar festival day: Christmas Day, Palm Sunday. e.g. on Easter Sunday. 9.4 Structure: In: in + the + a part of a day: the morning, the afternoon, evening. e.g. in the afternoon. in + month: January, February, March, April, May etc.. e.g. in June. in + season of the year: Spring, Summer, Autumn. e.g. in Winter. in + specific year: 1988, 1989, 1990 etc.. e.g. in 1999. in + the + a specific century: nineteenth century. e. g. in the twentieth century. in + historical period of time: the Dark Ages, Pre-historic Times. e.g. in the Middle Ages. N.B. No preposition is used if the day/year has each, every, last, next, this before it: e.g. I go to England every Christmas ( not at every Christmas ) I'll see you next Monday afternoon. ( not on Monday afternoon ) Martin left home last evening. ( not in the evening ) .

2- Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in:

We use at for specific addresses. Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham. We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc. Her house is on Boretz Road. And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents). She lives in Durham. Durham is in Windham County. Windham County is in Connecticut.

A list of most prepositions of place. At

On

In

a specific place

a place that is physically on top of a place

a place that is enclosed or within boundaries

at the mall

on the table

in the city

at the table

on the floor

in the box

at work

on the wall

in the park

These prepositions are for time and place:

Preposition

Examples We sit in the room. I see a house in the picture. There are trouts in the river. He lives in Paris. I found the picture in the paper. He sits in the corner of the room. He sits in the back of the car. We arrive in Madrid. He gets in the car.

In

She likes walking in the rain. My cousin lives in the country. There are kites in the sky. He plays in the street. (BE) She lives in a hotel. The boys stand in a line. There is a big tree in the middle of the garden. He is in town. I have to stay in bed. The robber is in prison now.

She sits at the desk. Open your books at page 10. The bus stops at Graz. I stay at my grandmother's. I stand at the door. Look at the top of the page. The car stands at the end of the street. At

You mustn't park your car at the front of the school. Can we meet at the corner of the street? I met John at a party. Pat wasn't at home yesterday. I study economics at university. The childen are at gandmother's. He's looking at the park. He always arrives late at school. The map lies on the desk. The picture is on page 10. The photo hangs on the wall. He lives on a farm. Dresden lies on the river Elbe.

On

Men's clothes are on the second floor. He lives on Heligoland. The shop is on the left. My friend is on the way to Moscow. Write this information on the front of the letter. When she was a little girl people saw unrealistic cowboy films on television.