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‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪(Webtop‬‬ ‫اﺳم اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛﺔ ‪ :‬ﺣﻧﺎن ﺧﺎﻟد اﻟﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ‪-‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﻮد‪ .‬اﻟﻣدﯾﻧﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟرﯾﺎض‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺰﺕ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ‪ 2.0‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎﹰ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﳛﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓﹰ ﰲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﺄﺗﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﱃ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻷﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﺣﺼﺎﺀ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ)‪ ،(Webtop‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪ ،(WebOs‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪ ،(Web Desktop‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪ ،(Remotly Hosted WebOs‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﶈﻠﹼﻲ )‪ ،(Self-Hosted WebOs‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪.(Remote Desktop‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳊﻔﻆ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺿﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ]‪ .[1‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﳒﺪ ﻣﱪﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﱪﳎﲔ ‪.‬ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﳌﺘﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓﹰ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪،‬ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﱃ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﻤ‪‬ﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪-‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪ (Webtop‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﲣﻴ‪‬ﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﳎﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﲤﻜﹼﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ 2.1‬ﻣﺴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪ (Webtop‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺿﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﺴﻤﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪(Web Desktop‬ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪ . (WebOs‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ )‪(WebOs‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ )‪ ، (Web Os‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ )‪ (WebOs‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮﺭﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﲑﻛﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1996‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 1998‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺮﺳﺎﹰ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ) ‪Operating System‬‬

‫‪ (Services for Wide Area Applications‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﳜﻄﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﳜﻠﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ )‪ (Portal‬ﻭ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪ (Web Os‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪.[2] iGoogle‬‬

‫‪ 2.2‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 1994‬ﻡ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﻛﺮﻭﺯ )‪ (SCO‬ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﻜﺲ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺭﻭﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﺟﻮﻱ ﺭﻳﻜﻮﺭﺩ )‪. [3](Ronald Joe Record‬‬

‫‪ 2.3‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

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‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﻨ‪‬ﻔﺖ ﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ Mashable‬ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

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‫‪ 2.0‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ]‪ .1 : [4‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪(Remotly Hosted WebOs‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪Jooce‬ﻭ‪.eyeOs‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﶈﻠﹼﻲ )‪(Self-Hosted WebOs‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ Nivio‬ﻭ‪.Free Live Os Zoo‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

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‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )‪ (Remote Desktop‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪Widgetop‬ﻭ ‪.Webwag‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪. Google Docs‬‬

‫‪ 2.4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻣﱪﳎﻲ ﻭﻣﻄﻮ‪‬ﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﻃﺮﻕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺎﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ )‪ (Flash‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻛﺲ ‪Asynchronous Java ) Script‬‬ ‫‪ ( and XML‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺗﻄﻴﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‪.[2] 2.0‬‬ ‫‪http://www.widgetop.com/desktop.html‬‬ ‫‪http://www.webwag.com‬‬ ‫‪https://wwwdocs..google.com‬‬

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‫‪http://www.jooce.com‬‬ ‫‪http://www.nivio.com‬‬

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‫‪http://mashable.com‬‬

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‫‪http://floz.v2.cs.unibo.it:8880‬‬

‫‪http://www.google.com/ig‬‬

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‫‪http://eyeos.info‬‬

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‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎ ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﳝﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ‪،‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ‪،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‪،‬ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ‪،RSS‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ) ‪Users‬‬

‫‪ (Accessibility‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﲜﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ]‪ .[2‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﳒﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻ ﺍ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﳌﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﰲ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪ . eyeOs‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ (1‬ﻓﺘﺪﳎﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺎ ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﹼﻞ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

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‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ G.ho.st‬ﻭ‪ OOS‬ﻭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ‪. Desktoptwo‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ :1‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﳎﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳒﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﹶﻞ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﻮﻛﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

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‫‪ AstraNos‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹶ ﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻙ ‪) Mac Os X Leopard‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪. (1‬ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪G.ho.st‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ‪) Windows Vista‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ .(2‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ OOS‬ﻓﻴﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺍﻛﺲ ﰊ ‪) Windows XP‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ .(3‬ﻭﺗﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮ‪‬ﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪G.ho.st‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﳎﺎﻧﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ‪ 3GB‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ‪ 5GB‬ﳊﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ‪ 1GB‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ‬ ‫‪14‬‬

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‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ‪ .‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ Desktoptow‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ‪ 1GB‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ .OpenOffice‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﰲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ‪.‬ﻭﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ Live mesh‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳﻮﻓﺖ ‪،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻛﺎﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﹼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﻙ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ LiveMesh.dmg‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﻘﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻔﺢ)ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.(4‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪:1‬ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪.Mac Os X Leopard‬‬ ‫‪http://www.astranos.org/login/main.php‬‬ ‫‪http://www.openoffice.org‬‬ ‫‪https://www.mesh.com/Welcome/default.aspx‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ :2‬ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺎ ‪.Windows Vista‬‬ ‫‪http://g.ho.st/?language=en‬‬

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‫‪http://www.oss.cc‬‬

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‫‪https://desktoptwo.com‬‬

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‫‪PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪: 3‬ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪Windows XP‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ :4‬ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ Live mesh‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪.4‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮ‪‬ﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺳﺄﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺬﺑﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﳑﻴﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻌﻮ‪‬ﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﳍﺎ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﻻﲣﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪. 4.1‬ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ]‪ .1 :[3‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﹼﻞ ‪ :‬ﻻﺧﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﱴ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﱃ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.4‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﺘﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺎﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻷﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺤﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪،‬ﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.5‬ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻛﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﻼ ﺧﻮﻑ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.6‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻻﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﳉﺬﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻏﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.7‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﲑﻭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻤﺮ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﺘﻀﻴ‪‬ﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﰲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪.8‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋ‪‬ﻄﻞ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﺔ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‪ .‬ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺍﱃ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻳﺎﹰً ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺗﻔﻮ‪‬ﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﻄﹼﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.9‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻻﻳﺸﻜﹼﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻳﺎﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 4.2‬ﺍﳌﻌﻮ‪‬ﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻮ‪‬ﻗﺎﺕ]‪ .1 : [3‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺴ‪‬ﺴﲔ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﳒﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺪﺭ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﹰ ﰲ ﲢﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝ ‪ .CSS‬ﻭ ‪ .JS‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺵ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺧﺎﺻﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﹰ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺘﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻮ‪‬ﻫﺖ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ ‪.‬ﻓﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﳏﺸﻮ‪‬ﺓ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹼ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺣﲔﹴ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻪ ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻌﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻤ‪‬ﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻻ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪.4‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻤﺢ ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﺻﻼﹰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺘﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻓﹼﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﲢﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.5‬ﺗﻮﻓﹼﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﹼﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.6‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ‪‬ﻱ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﳌﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺮﻱ ﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪.‬ﻓﺒﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.5‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺼﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰎﹼ ﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﻪ )‪ Facebook (Social Networks‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫‪/http://www.facebook.com‬‬

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‫ﺭﻭ‪‬ﺍﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﻩ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺻﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.1‬ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ‪ .‬ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻛﺎﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻀﻤ‪‬ﻨﺖ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻊ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﳌﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 5.2‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺍﻵﰐ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ 46%‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻊ‬ ‫‪‬ﺎ‪ 54%‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ)ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.(5‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪ 19%‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ ، 15%‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 14%‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪ 10%‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 8%‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 7%‬ﻭﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 4%‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 3%‬ﰒ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ 2%‬ﰒ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪) 1%‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.(6‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ :5‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬

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‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ :6‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬

‫ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪ ، 46%‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﻢ ‪ ، 31%‬ﻭ ‪ 23%‬ﳑ‪‬ﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ )ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.(7‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﺴﻴﺔ ‪ 72%‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﻢ‪24%‬ﻭ‪ 4%‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ %0‬ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ)ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.(8‬‬

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‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪ :7‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬

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‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪: 8‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬

‫ﺍﺗﻀ‪‬ﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺌﺔ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫‪ 34%‬ﻳﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 28%‬ﰒ ﻛﺜﲑﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪21%‬ﻳﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﳏﱯ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪) 17%‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪.(9‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‪ :9‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬

‫‪.6‬ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻔﺤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﳌﻦ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢﹴ ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻨﺪﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﻌﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﳍﺎ ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐﹴ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻴﺎﺩ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻠﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪[1] ِAnonymous author ,(2008). The Future of the Desktop: The Webtop will be more social and will leverage and‬‬ ‫‪integrate collective intelligence. Available online http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/future_of_the_desktop.php‬‬ ‫‪[2] Strickland , Jonathan (2008) . How Web Operating Systems Work. Available online /*/‬‬ ‫‪http://computer.howstuffworks.com/web-operating-system.html‬‬ ‫‪[3] Wikipedia. (2008). Web desktop . Last retrieved December 10, 2008, From‬‬ ‫‪http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_desktop‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫]‪ [4‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ )‪ .(2007‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﻤﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ)‪.(17341‬ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪http://www.alriyadh.com/2007/10/29/article289944.html‬‬

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