My Mother At Sixty Six.docx

POETRY  My Mother at Sixty -Six Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  Keeping Quiet Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  A Thing of Beauty Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX Kamala Das SUMMARY Sahitya Akademi Award–winning litterateurs are the ones who always promise wonderful food for thought through their works. Born in Thrissur, Kerala, to a family of artists, Kamala Das is one such amazing 1985-recipient of the award. Her pool of meaningful evocative writing, comprising poetry, short stories, novels, and autobiographies, not only strengthened Indian Writing in English by adding to it a unique reflective confessional flavor but also forwarded an intricate feminist poetic voice that talks about complicated issues such as domestic and sexual oppression. Not in this poem though… Here she allows us to enter an intimate space with her and her mother. A beautiful exemplification of Kamala Das’s reflective emotional poetic voice, My Mother at sixty six, is a run-on single-full stop poem that deals with the tender emotion of a child’s primordial fear of losing its first ever support – the mother, expressing it from an adult woman’s perspective. In this My Mother at Sixty Six summary, we will offer to you all a gentle exploration of these poignant lines. We will also do some heartfelt reading between the lines to get an idea of the poet’s emotions of insecure filial love and the consequent coping mechanism of processing such troubling emotions she employs. SUMMARY OF MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX: LINE BY LINE EXPLANATION Driving from my parent’s home to Cochin last Friday morning, I saw my mother, beside me, The underlying tone of nostalgia is instilled into this poem right at the outset with the words, “parent’s home”. The overarching idea of things coming to an end also finds its first introduction into the poem through the words “last Friday”. Now, we may be reading a little too much into this seemingly innocent choice of weekday, but think about it… What do you associate Friday with? Isn’t it the end of weekday busyness and the transition into weekend rest? It is in this same Friday-like limbo between adult life and old age that Kamala Das finds her mother at the ripe age of sixty six, while accompanying her on a thought-provoking drive. The poet mentions that her mother is sitting beside her, instantly creating an aura of intimacy. However, the fear of distance and abandonment soon sets in through the following next set of words: doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that of a corpse and realized with pain that she was as old as she looked but soon put that thought away, Kamala Das then paints a very realistic image of ageing, by portraying her mother as a dozing ageing lady, with a mouth ajar in carefree sleep and a face turned pale in course of the passing the time. And then, almost without warning, the motif of impending death is rudely introduced into the poem when the poet compares her dozing pale mother to a corpse. This almost reflexive comparison that the poet makes in her head culminates in the brutal realization that her source of life had actually aged and become old. But before the poet could even complete this painful train of thought, she brushed it aside, not allowing this realization to get processed. Look within, doesn’t this impulse of the poet of “putting that thought away” resonate well with what we all do when an unpleasant thought dawns on the surface of our mental horizons? It is through these little actions that the poem tells us a lot about human’s dual coping mechanism of denial and escape. … and looked out at Young Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes, In an attempt to escape the painful realization that the poet has just had, she instead focuses on the trees that her car speeds by, creating the beautiful illusion that it is the trees that are sprinting, while it is actually the poet journeying ahead in life with her ageing mother. Through the transference of this fast motion onto the trees, we find the poet again negating the reality that it is actually herself and her mother who are progressing steadily into time and not the trees that are still young with all their greenery ahead of them. Next, the poet shifts her focus onto young children jovially stepping out of their homes in hoards to play, with their life bank still full of youthful years. What is interesting to note here is that when the poet wishes to avert her attention from the reminder of ageing and death, she chooses to look at “young” trees and “young” children, signifying youth and life. This strikes a sharp

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contrast with the ashen image of death the poet had conjured just a few lines ago, thus accentuating the poet’s desperate attempt to escape hard realities of life. … but after the airport’s security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, Now the setting shifts to the airport – the universally recognized symbol of goodbyes and endings. The previous image of youth is again sharply contrasted with the image of a late winter’s moon. The season winter always carries with it the sense of an ending and the moon always generates am ambience of longing and lonesomeness. And as the poet observes her mother go through the airport security check, she cannot help but acknowledge that her mother is now weak, with her colours of life diluting, just like a feeble winter moon. This time, though, this thought is not pushed away; hence it gives rise to an ache within the poet that is all too familiar, having been around since childhood days – the fear of losing her mother, something that all of us have felt as kids. This adult voicing of a deep fear that has its roots in childhood is poignant and pregnant with meaning, but the poet does not delve any deeper into this thought, and instead says her goodbyes: but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile…… Through the course of the poem, the poet has stirred some deep-seated fears of losing her mother, and has brought to the fore the troubling relationship we humans share with the idea of death and ageing with regard to our loved ones. However, in the end, the poem takes on the spirit of hope, expressed through “see you soon, Amma”. Additionally, from denial the poem shifts towards a calm acceptance and resignation, evoked beautifully through the poet’s action of breaking into a long smile as she watched her mother depart. If you look deeper, you might notice a slight hint of bravery in the way the poet makes peace with what is inevitable – through self-comforting smiles. ANALYSIS AND MEANING Through this summary of the poem, My Mother at Sixty Six, we have sought to bring to you poet Kamala Das’s thought process of first denying her mother’s ageing towards death and then her gentle acceptance of the same. The poem begins with the poet’s mother beside her and ends at a parting, with the hope and desire of meeting soon again. And in the middle, there are contrasting references to both vitality (young trees and children) and impending death (corpse, wan and pale late winter moon), shedding light on the conflicts we go through while coming to terms with the fact that all springs eventually turn into winter and youth steadily progresses towards old age. This poem is indeed a thought-provoking reflection on child-mother love and relationship, fear of losing loved ones, denial and escape, and quiet acceptance of harsh realities. Does it not make you think of the times we have all been scared of losing someone – a parent, a friend, or a lover – not just to death but simply to circumstances. Just like the poet, don’t we all have the tendency to escape hurtful emotions? However, do we all succeed in processing and accepting those emotions as the poet has towards the end? Maybe that can only happen in poetry but it is so much harder in real life. Writing this “My Mother at Sixty Six” explanation has really gotten me thinking… Could you all tell me how each of you deal with loss or thoughts of losing the one you love? ANSWER THE FOLLOWING BRIEFLY 1.What do the parting words of the poet to her mother signify? The poet‟s parting words are expressive of the dilemma and confusion that the poet carries in her mind while her elongated smile is hollow, superficial and expresses her helplessness, fear and guilty feeling. At the same time, both the parting words and the smile are a supportive hope and comfort to the old woman to survive longer to meet again. 2.What are the kind of pain and fear that the poet feels? The poet feels the pain of separation from her mother, helplessly unable to take good care of her even at her old age. The fear is the familiar haunting one she moves through since her childhood that she is going to lose her mother being subjected to her declining health and age. 3.Why are the young trees described sprinting and the merry children spilling ? They are the symbols of life, energy vitality , movement and joyousness. It is to contrastingly intensify the, sad , inactive, spiritless, dying, pathetic condition of the poet’s mother and thereby effectively express the aggravating dilemma , fear and ache of the poet. Both the images are pertinent for the understanding f the process of ageing and decay. 4. Why has the mother been compared to late winter’s moon ? It is to convey the idea of the mother’s ageing and deca ,taking analogy from seasonal changes. The late winter’s moon appears pale and its brightness dimmed in fog and mist. Likewise , the old mother in declining health appears pale, grey, inactive, energy less ageing and decaying to death. 5.What does the poet notice about her mother while travelling in the car? The poet notices that her aged, ill, decaying mother is dozing off leaning against her body comforted by her presence. There is an expression of pain on her pale face due to her worries and anxieties. The pathetic plight of her mother triggers off the poet’s fear about losing her mother soon.

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6.What thought does Kamala Das put away while travelling with her mother in a car? Why do you think she puts them away? The pale , decaying plight of the mother drives the biting ache, pain and guilty feeling in the poet that the poet could not care her mother and she would die soon. She forcibly pushes the thought away as she is helpless to overcome the reality which is sickening and dreadful. NOW TRY THESE QUESTIONS 1. What does Kamala Das see looking out of the car window? 2. How does the poet describe the old age of her mother? 3. What do the sprinting tree ‟ and merry children spilling‟ stand for? How are these images significant in the poem? 4. What childhood fear is the poet talking about? Why is it called a childhood fear? 5. How does the childhood fear affect the poet throughout her life? 6. How does Kamala Das bid farewell to her mother? What does that show about her mental state? 7. What thoughts, do you think disturbed Kamala Das at the airport? 8. Why could not the poet express her sincere thoughts to her mother at the airport? 9. What is the theme of the poem? 10. The fear and anxiety of the poet is universal than personal. Do you think so? Why? 11. This poem is unpunctuated and in one loosely held sentence. What does implications does it suggest about the meaning of the poem? 12. What does the title ‟My Mother at Sixty Six‟ signify Read the stanza and answer the following briefly 1.“I looked again at her, wan pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, but all I said was, see you soon, Amma and all I did was smile and smile and smile……” a) Who looked pale and wan and why? (1) b) What was the speaker’s familiar ache? (1) c) Explain “as a late winter’s moon”. (1 d) Name the poem and the poet. (1) 2… but after the airport’s security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, wan pale as a late winter’s moon…” a. Comment on the significance of „again b. Who is „her‟ and how does „her‟ appear now? (1) c). Identify the figure of speech in the above stanza and explain. (2) 3. …. And felt that old familiar ache, my childhood fear, but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, and all I did was smile and smile and smile…” a). Why is the word „smile ‟repeated in the above lines? (1) b). How is the „ache ‟ become familiar to her? (1) c). Explain the dilemma the speaker is facing here Extract Based Questions (4 Marks) Question.1. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. I looked again at her, wan, pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, but all I said was see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile ……… (Foreign 2014; Modified) (a) What was the poet’s childhood fear? (b) What were the poet’s parting words? (c) What is the poetic device used in these lines? (d) Why did the poet smile and smile? Answer. (a) In her childhood, the poet was insecure about losing her mother, just as all young children often are. (b) The poet’s parting words were, “See you soon, Amma”, which are suggestive of the hope that they will meet again. (c) The poetic device used in these lines is simile, where the mother’s dull and lifeless face is compared to a late winter’s moon. (d) The poet smiled and smiled (meaning that she smiled continuously) because she was trying to hide her real feelings. She feared the fact that she might not see her mother again, which left her almost in tears.

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Question.2. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. ……….but soon put that thought away and looked out at young trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes…………… (a) What thought did the poet drive away from her mind? (b) What did she see when she looked out of the car? (c) How do you know that the joyful scene didn’t help her drive away the painful thought from her mind? (d) What are the merry children symbolic of? (Compartment 2014; Modified) or (a) Which thought did the poet put away? (b) What do the ‘sprinting trees’ signify? (c) What are “the merry children spilling out of their homes”, symbolic of? (d) Why does the poet make use of the images of ‘young trees sprinting’ and ‘merry children spilling’? (Delhi 2014; Modified) or (a) Who looked out at the young trees? (b) Which thought did she put away? (c) What do young sprinting trees signify? (d) Why are the trees described as sprinting? (Delhi 2008) Answer. (a) The poet drove away the painful thought of the distressing reality that her mother was getting old and she might die anytime. (b) When she looked out of the car, she saw young trees on the roadside, which appeared to be moving. She also saw a group of children, merrily rushing out of their homes to play. (c) As the poet passed through security check at the airport and happened to look at her mother, she was again haunted by the same fear of losing her to death. This shows that the joyful scene earlier didn’t help drive away the painful thought from her mind. (d) The merry children are symbolic of the exuberance of youth. The energetic and lively children present a contrast to the poet’s mother who has grown old and pale. or Answer. (a) The poet put away the thought of the-distressing reality of her mother getting old and of her impending death. (b) The ‘sprinting trees’ signify time that has passed at a fast pace. (c) The merry children epitomise bubbly youth. They represent the exuberance and liveliness of young age. (d) The poet makes use of these images to emphasise the contrast between old age and youth. or Answer. (a) The poet Kamala Das looked out at young trees. (b) Seeing her aged mother, she felt insecure about the fact that she might be separated from her mother. The poet was also feeling guilty for neglecting her. She wondered if she would see her mother alive next time. However, she soon put these thoughts away. (c) The young sprinting trees symbolise happiness, strength and vigour which are the characteristics of youth in contrast to the dullness of old age. (d) As the poet looked outside the window of her moving car, the trees appeared to be moving fast in the opposite direction. So, they are described as sprinting. Question.3. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Driving from my parent’s home to Cochin last Friday morning, I saw my mother, beside me doze, open mouthed, her face ashen like that ‘ of a corpse and realised with pain . that she was as old as she looked … (a) Where was the poet driving to? (b) Why was her mother’s face looking like that of a corpse? (c) What did the poet notice about her mother? (d) Why was the realisation painful? (All India 2013; Modified) Answer. (a) The poet was driving to Cochin airport from her parent’s home. (b) Her mother’s face had lost all its glow and colour. It was nearly lifeless. That is why it was looking like a corpse’s face. (c) The poet noticed that her mother was sleeping with her mouth open. Her face looked like that of a corpse. She suddenly realised that her mother had become very old. (d) The realisation that her mother had grown very old was painful because it brought with it the distressing thought that she was also nearing her death, whose cruel hands would separate the poet from her mother. Question.4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. …….and

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looked but soon put that thought away and looked out at young trees sprinting, the merry children spilling out of their homes,……….. (a) Name the poem and the poet. (b) What did the poet realise? How did she feel? (c) What did she do then? (d) What did she notice in the world outside? Answer. (a) The name of the poem is ‘My Mother at Sixty-Six’ and the poet is Kamala Das. (b) The poet realised that her mother was getting old and was nearing her impending death. She felt afraid of losing her mother, the same fear which she used to face in her childhood. (c) The poet at once turned her face away from the harsh reality and looked out of the window to divert her mind. (d) The poet.saw green trees sprinting by. She also saw a group of children who were exuberant, enthusiastic and were merrily coming out of their houses. Question.5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. …………….and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, but all I said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile and smile (a) What was the childhood fear that now troubled the poet? (b) What do the poet’s parting words suggest? (c) Why did the poet smile and smile? (d) Explain, “that old familiar ache.” (Delhi 2009; Modified) Answer. (a) As a child the poet was insecure about losing her mother and the same fear has come again now when her mother has grown old. (b) The poet, while parting, smiled and said to her mother that she would see her soon. This expression of her suggests that though she was aware that her mother was quite old and weak, yet she could not do anything about it. She could not even communicate her true feelings to her mother. (c) The poet smiled and smiled only because she wanted to hide her fears from her mother. She was reassuring herself and also her mother that they would meet again. (d) “That old familiar ache” refers to the agony and pain of separation from her mother that the poet felt in her childhood, as she feared that she might iose her mother. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 Words) Question.1. How does Kamala Das try to put away the thoughts of her ageing mother? (Delhi 2014; Modified) Answer. Kamala Das finds the thoughts of her ageing mother very painful and disturbing. It is hard for her to accept the fact of her mother growing old, as it brings back to her mind her childhood fear of losing her mother. She makes a deliberate effort to drive or put away such thoughts by looking out of the moving car, at the trees ‘sprinting’ and the joyful young children rushing out of their homes. Question.2. What was the poet’s childhood fear? (All India 2014) or What were Kamala Das, fears as a child? Why do they surface when she is going to the airport? (All India 2011) Answer. As a child Kamala Das was insecure about losing her mother just as all young children often are. The same feelings are evoked inside her while she is on the way to the airport, as she sees her mother’s pale face, which is a sign of her old age and impending death. Question.3. What do the parting words of Kamala Das and her smile signify? (Compartment 2014) or What do the parting words of the poet and her smile signify? (All India 2010) Answer. The poet’s parting words and her smile are a facade to hide her feelings of insecurity. The pale and senile appearance of her mother brings back her childhood fear of losing her mother. She can definitely experience the pangs of separation, yet she bids her farewell in a pleasant manner. She reassures her mother that all will be well and they would meet again. Question.4. Why has the poet’s mother been compared to the “late winter’s moon”? (Delhi 2013) or Why has Kamala Das compared her mother to a “late winter’s moon”? (Foreign 2011) Answer. The poet has used this simile as ‘the late winter’s moon’ looks too hazy and lacks brightness and lustre. Similarly, the mother, who is now sixty-six, is pale and has a shrunken and ashen face. She is devoid of the effervescence and exhilaration of youth. Question.5. Why are the young trees described as ‘sprinting’? (Delhi 2012,2010) Answer. The poet is travelling in a speeding car and the roadside trees seem speeding past or sprinting in the opposite direction. The poet has contrasted the ‘young trees’ which are moving fast to her mother, who is old and slow.

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Question.6. What were the poet’s feelings at the airport? How did she hide them? (All India 2012) Answer. The poet was torn apart by the feeling whether she would see her mother alive the next time or not. She hid her feelings by smiling reassuringly at her mother. Question.7. What do the parting words of the poet Kamala Das to her mother signify? (All India 2012,2009,2008) Answer. The parting words of Kamala Das to her mother signify her anxiety and fear about her mother’s frail health. They also express the hope that her mother would survive till they meet again. . Question.8. Why has the poet brought in the image of the merry children spilling out of their homes? (Foreign 2008) Answer. The young children spilling out of their homes represent the exuberance and vigour of youth. They are in complete contrast to the poet’s mother. Perhaps the poet has used the image to bring out the pangs of old age.

AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOM IN A SLUM S T E P H E N S P E N D E R An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum is a beautifully penned down poem by Stephen Spender that exposes the glaring gaps and marginalisation that occurs ever so often in our societies. Spender is publicly a scrupulous objector and a socialist. The poet aims to portray the conditions of the youngsters residing in the slum. The poet compares the conditions of the “haves” (Privileged children) and the “have-nots ‘(Underprivileged children of slum). Far far from gusty waves these children's faces. Like rootless weeds, the hair torn round their pallor: The tall girl with her weighed-down head. The paperseeming boy, with rat's eyes. The stunted, unlucky heir Of twisted bones, reciting a father's gnarled disease, His lesson, from his desk. At back of the dim class One unnoted, sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream Of squirrel's game, in tree room, other than this. The children staying in slums have a life full of struggle and lack hope and optimism. They are far away from the velvety world outside. They lack those amenities which are available to privileged people.. They are as unwanted as the rootless weed. They can only wish for the velvety and comfortable life of the world outside. These children have no hope on their faces. Their faces are tousled and dirty. Their hair is scattered untidily around their pale faces. They lack stability. The tall girl is sitting with her head down because she is depressed and overburdened with poverty. There is a boy who is as lean and thin as paper, his miserable underdeveloped body with eyes bulging out like rat reflects the greed he has felt for an eternity. His growth is blocked, and the body appears underdeveloped and malnourished. He is an unfortunate heir who has inherited the twisted bones of his father. He is not reciting a lesson from his desk but is enumerating the diseases inherited from his father. At the back of that unlit classroom, is a sweet young boy who goes unnoticed. Dreams seem to be alive in his eyes. His eyes have that spark of dreams to be part of that world outside the classroom. He dreams of squirrels playing games in the hollow of the tree. His dreams are of the places other than his repulsive classroom. He is lost in his imagination creating his own fantasy world where he plays like a squirrel in its tree room. He is not interested in the monotonous environment of the classroom. On sour cream walls, donations. Shakespeare's head, Cloudless at dawn, civilized dome riding all cities. Belled, flowery, Tyrolese valley. Open-handed map Awarding the world its world. And yet, for these Children, these windows, not this map, their world, Where all their future's painted with a fog, A narrow street sealed in with a lead sky Far far from rivers, capes, and stars of words. The poet depicts the critical condition of the pale and dingy yellow walls of the classroom. He compares the colour of the walls to “sour cream”. The classroom has a picture of Shakespeare which was probably donated. The poet further compares the gifts given as donations and the picture of Shakespeare hung on the unpleasant creamy walls depicting dejection. To them, they are of no use. Shakespeare and literature have no place in their lives. There is also a picture of a clear sky hung on the classroom walls which depicts dawn and a beautiful Tyrolese valley, which indicates beauty and hope with its bells and colourful flowers representing the world that celebrates civilization, progress and heavenly splendour. There is also a world map hung on the wall which is of no use to them as their world is narrow and stuck in the boundaries of poverty and misery. Their future is shaky, dark and foggy. Their world is confined within the narrow streets of the slum enclosed by the bluish grey sky. They are far away from rivers, seas that resemble adventure, excitement and beauty as well as from the stars that symbolize wisdom that can brighten their future. Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, the map a bad example.

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With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal — For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes From fog to endless night? On their slag heap, these children Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones. All of their time and space are foggy slum. So blot their maps with slums as big as doom The poet feels that Shakespeare is ‘wicked’ as he is misleading those naïve children through his words portraying the world of ships, sun and love which is not only unreal for them, but it has a negative impact on their minds. He feels that this would instigate them to steal or take unfair means as they desperately make attempts to escape from their cramped holes. Their existence is indeed, very sad. These deprived children are so skinny that it appears that they are ‘wearing’ skins. The spectacles they are wearing have glass which has been broken and mended. Their entire appearance reflects their misery and deprivation. The poet shows his indignation by suggesting that the maps on the classroom walls should show the reality of their life, it must show the huge slums instead of beautiful scenic graphics. Unless, governor, inspector, visitor, This map becomes their window and these windows That shut upon their lives like catacombs, Break O break open till they break the town And show the children to green fields, and make their world Run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues Run naked into books the white and green leaves open History theirs whose language is the sun The poet tries to appease and appeal to the teachers, governor, inspector and visitor to become aware and sensitive and do something to improve the conditions of these deprived children. They must try to align the world and transform their map unlike the map of children with amenities. The poet hopes that the bureaucrats and authorities understand their moral responsibilities and free these deprived ones from traps of their graves (A metaphor for the slum). He wants all the barriers that keep them away from achieving the true education to be broken down. They should be given an opportunity to come out of their narrow and shabby lanes and extend to the blue sky & waves rising over the golden sands. The children must be given the freedom to experience the wholesome bounties of nature’s fields. These deprived children must be taught to express themselves freely. He wishes that all distinctions that separate them from merging with the outside world be removed from their lives and that they too may have hope of a better, more secure future. Understand the poem in terms of Poetic devices: IMAGERY Similes: Like rootless weeds: the coarse, untidy and unkempt hair of the slum children is similarised to rootless weeds to bring forth the idea that the children were malnourished. Like bottle bits on stones: the shining mended glasses of the spectacles is contrasted against the dark complexion of the malnourished slum children. The mental framed, broken glasses of the spectacles of the slum children is similarised to the shining bottle bits on stones. The slum children settled on the waste heap is similarised to the splinters and pieces of broken bottle/glass against stones. Like the broken glasses of the spectacles, the hopes , aspirations , ambitions lives of these slum children are completely shattered. Like catacombs: The slum children are living in dark and dingy rooms which are similarised to catacombs in subterranean cemetery. The windows of these rooms look like the lids of catacombs. The future of the slum children is shut for ever like the dead bodies in the catacombs. Slum as bid as doom: slum is similarised to hell of death. Living in slum is worse than death, rather it is a living hell. Metaphors: Rat’s eyes: suggests the boy’s curious, anxious and insecure nature. Like a rat always insecure, on the move, searching for food and safety, this small boy too shares the same condition. Father’s gnarled disease: the boy’s father is handicapped with a crooked body. The boy has inherited his father’s disease and the malnourished body of the paper seeming boy is no better than the crooked, disease-stricken body of his father. Squirrel’s game: Like the squirrel enjoys his freedom playing feely everywhere in nature, the boy also wants to play and enjoy his life with his endless curiosity. But he Is forced to be in the dark,dull and dreary classroom of the slum school. Tree room: The hiding place of squirrel with great, comfort , security , curiosity and fun is contrasted with the gloomy and dull class room of the little boy. Future painted with fog: Just as fog blocks, blurs or ruins vision, the slum children’s future is vague and blurred with hopelessness, frustrations and lack of empathy and upliftment. Lead sky: The normal bright and blue sky is described as lead sky, suggesting the dark and dull sky just as the base metal lead is . There is no blue and bright sky of life and future for the slum children

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING BRIEFLY 1.Why do you think the poet has used the expression ‘sour cream’? The expression ‘sour cream’ was used to describe the dull and pale walls of the classrooms. It expresses the sickening and repulsive atmosphere of the classroom as well as the hopelessness that engulfs the student’s lives. 2. How does the wall decorations of the classroom contrast with the reality of the slum children? The classroom walls are decorated with picture of Shakespeare’s , buildings with domes, world maps and beautiful valleys symbolizing study of classical literature(education), power , wealth & progress, the great world of opportunities and the beautiful nature respectively. In sharp contrast, these slum children are living in the slum with dull, dreary atmosphere of bleak future. 3.How can the life of the slum children be changed? The life of the slum children can be changed by providing them healthy environment to live, open up opportunities to experience and enjoy the beauty of the world outside and help the accumulate the wealth of knowledge and wisdom through right education. 4. What spectacles of the slum and slum children does the poet bring out through the poem? The slum children are living in extreme poverty, ill-health and pathetic living atmosphere. They inherit their parents’ diseases, and are deprived of all basic necessities of life.. Though they are studying in a school in a slum, it is in a pathetic plight and nobody bothers about the children and they have a bleak future. 5. What is the theme of the poem? This poem deals with the theme of social injustice and class inequalities. The poet presents it by talking of the two different and incompatible worlds- the world of the rich and the civilized and the world of the poor and the deprived. This gap can be bridged by the administrative authorities and through education. 6. ‘So blot their maps with slums as big as doom’. What does the poet want to convey? The poet is angry at the social equalities in the world. There are two worlds – the dirty slums and the prosperous and the beautiful world of the rich. The poet wants the map of the world should also have blots of slums as big as the ‘doom’. In reality he wants the gap to be reduced. 7. ‘History is theirs whose language is the sun’. Explain. This statement means that those who have the courage and conviction to break free from the constraints of life are the ones who create history. One can make a mark only if one can outshine others. Education only can give them power and strength like the sun which will bring about a change in the lives of the people. 8.How are the slum children victims of social injustice? The children are victims of social injustice as they are deprived of the bounties of the world . They are impoverished, undernourished and deprived of the basic necessities of life. Their right to education, safe healthy and secure living are denied to him mocking the system of social justice in the country. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS 1. “Unless, governor, inspector, visitor, This map becomes their window and these windows That shut upon their lives like catacombs.” (a) Why does the poet invoke ‘governor, ‘inspector’ and ‘visitor’? The poet invokes the ‘governor, ‘inspector’ and ‘visitor’ because they are the powerful people who can bring about a drastic change in the miserable lives of the slum children. They can remove the social injustice and class inequalities. (b) What does ‘this map’ refer to? How can it become ‘their window’? This map refers to the beautiful world of the rich. Their window refers to holes and the stinking slums of the unfortunate children of the slum. This can become their window only when the difference between the two worlds is abridged. (c) What have ‘these windows’ done to their lives? These windows have cramped their lives, stunted their physical and mental growth shutting them inside filthy and dingy holes, keeping them away from the vast world of development and opportunities . (d) What do you understand by catacombs? Catacombs are long underground graves. Here they stand for the dirty slums which blockin which the slum children are confined. (e) Which literary device has been used here ? Explain. Simile has been used here to describe the oppressive effect of the surroundings on their pathetic lives. The slum walled in against the world of opportunities and development is similarised to catacombs.’ 2. “Break O break open till they break the town And show the children fields, and make their world Run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues Run naked into books the white and green leaves open History theirs whose language is the sun.” a). What is the hope of the poet in these lines ? The poet hopes that one day these children would break free from the chains of the slums. They will rise above all atrocities and economic injustice and will create a beautiful world for themselves. b).What kind of world does the poet visualize for the children?

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The poet visualizes a world of freedom to enjoy the nature’s bounty in a carefree manner. They would be enjoying all the opportunities in life and will enjoy the fruit of social justice and empathy and develop themselves into successful ones. c).What does the ‘green fields’ and ‘gold sands’ symbolize? The expressions are symbolic of a carefree and happy life.. It refers to a world where social and econo9mic injustice does not prevail and everyone enjoys the right to live happily. d). Explain ‘ let their tongue run naked into books.’ The poet strongly feels that the lives of these children will be very miserable and unfulfilled unless they are educated. Thus , he wishes the these children be exposed to the world of books. e). What does ‘Sun’ in the last line suggest? Sun is the symbol of grace , light, energy and a life-giving force. Here it refers to the light of education. The poet strongly believes that it is educated alone who can transform the world and to transform the slum children , they should be given the power of education. f). ‘History is theirs whose language is the sun’—Explain To create history , one has to has to toil and shine like a sun, a source of energy and inspiration. People who have the courage and conviction to break free from the constraints of life are the ones who create history. QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE Read the stanza and answer the questions that follows: 1.”Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, the map a bad example, With ships and sun and love tempting them to stealFor lives that turn in their cramped holes From fog to endless nights.” i) Name the poem and the poet ii) Why has Shakespeare been described as wicked? iii) Why is the map a bad example? iv) What tempts them to steal? v) How do the children continue to live? vi) Explain: ‘From fog to endless night.’ 2.“The stunted, unlucky heir Of twisted bones, reciting a father gnarled disease His lesson from his desk. At the back of the dim class One unnoted , sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream Of squirrels game, in tree room, other than this.” a) Who is being referred to in the first two lines? b) Explain ‘father’s gnarled disease’. c) Who sit at the back of the class? How is he different from others? d) Explain his eyes live in a dream? e) What is the comparison drawn with squirrels game? 3. “On their slag heap, these children Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones. All of their time and space are foggy slum So blot their maps with slums as big as doom.” a).What does ‘slag heap ’refer to? b). Explain ‘skin peeped through by bones’. c). What is the comparison drawn with ‘bottle bits on stones’? d).Why does the poet see the slums ‘as big as doom’? SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. What is that these children inherit from their parents? What does it signify? 2. How has the poet described the colour of the wall and why? 3. The poet presents two different worlds. What are they? 4. What picture of the slum children does the poet draw? 5. Where does the poet see hope and relief? 6. How does the poet bring to light the brutalities of slum life? 8. Explain ‘Open handed map, awarding the world its world’. 9. In what way are the slum children ‘unsung fighters’? Extract Based Questions (4 Marks) Question.1. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. “ And yet, for these Children, these windows, not this map, their world, Where all their future’s pointed with a fog, A narrow street sealed in with a lead sky Far far from rivers, capes and stars of words.” (a) Who are the ‘children’ referred to here?

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(b) Which is their world? (c) How is their life different from that of other children? (d) Why is the future of these children “painted with a fog”? Answer. (a) The ‘children’ referred to here are the poor children living in the slum. (b) Their world comprises of the dull and unpleasant classroom and its windows, amongst the dirty surroundings of the slum (c) The children of the slum are emaciated and poverty-stricken, as against the other children who are healthy and have all the comforts and luxuries of life. The life of the slum children is filled with darkness and hopelessness. (d) The future of these children is dark and uncertain. So, the speaker says that it is painted with a fog. Question.2. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. “ And, yet for these . children, these windows, not this map. their world, Where all their future’s painted with a fog.” (a) Which map is the poet talking about in the above lines? (b) To what do the words, these windows, their world”, refer? (c) What sort of future do the slum children have? (d) Why is all their future painted with a fog? Answer. (a) The poet is talking about the map which depicts only the world of the rich and the important, the world that comprises civilised domes, bells, flowers and the scenic beauty of nature. (b) “These windows” refers to the windows of the school classroom where the slum children are sitting. “Their world” refers to the world of the poverty-stricken slum dwellers. It has narrow lanes, small congested houses, foggy skies and dim classrooms. (c) The future of the slum children is dark and uncertain. They have no hopes for their future. (d) Their future is painted with a fog as it is not clear. They are not well-educated, and there is no one to guide them. Question.3. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. “With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal…. For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes From fog to endless night?” (Delhi 2014; Modified) (a) Who are ‘them’ referred to in the first line? “ (b) What tempts them? (c) What does the poet say about their lives? (d) What do you understand by “from fog to endless night”? Answer. (a) ‘Them’ here refers to the poor, emaciated children of the slum. (b) They are tempted by all the beautiful things of the world, the luxuries and the lifestyle that the rich enjoy. The are tempted to steal as they cannot possess these otherwise. (c) The children of the slum live amidst dirty surroundings in cramped houses which are dark and unpleasant. The poet is not happy with the way these children are compelled to live. (d) “From fog to endless night” means that from morning till night the poor children of the slum have a miserable existence; they suffer from morning to night everyday. Question.4. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. ‘ ……….The stunted, unlucky heir of twisted bones, reciting a father’s gnarled disease, His lesson, from his desk. At the back of the dim class One unnoted, sweet and young. (a) Who is the unlucky heir? (b) What has he inherited? (c) Who is sitting at the back of the dim class? (AH India 2013; Modified) (d) Explain, “reciting a father’s gnarled disease.” or (a) Who is the ‘unlucky heir’ and what has he inherited? (b) What is the stunted boy reciting? (c) Who is sitting at the back of the dim class? (Delhi 2012; Modified) (d) How has the ‘unlucky heir’ been depicted here? Answer. (a) The boy with stunted growth and twisted bones is the ‘unlucky heir’. (b) He has inherited the gnarled disease of his father, and as a result, his growth remains stunted. (c) An unnoted, sweet young boy is sitting at the back of the dim class. He is dreaming of squirrels playing games on trees. (d) The boy with stunted growth has inherited a disease from his father, which makes him a living example of his father’s poverty and suffering. or (a) The boy with stunted growth and twisted bones sitting at the desk, is referred to as ‘unlucky heir’ because he has inherited the gnarled disease of his father that makes him a living example of his father’s sufferings. (b) The stunted boy is reciting his lessons, but due to his knotty disease, his voice is weak and sick. (c) At the back of the dim class, a boy is sitting who has a sweet nature. He is dreaming of squirrels playing games on trees. ‘ (d) The ‘unlucky heir’ has been depicted here as one with stunted growth and twisted bones.

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Question.5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Far far from gusty waves these children’s faces. Like rootless weeds, the hair torn around their pallor The tall girl with her weighed-down head. The paper-seeming boy, with rat’s eyes. (a) What are the children compared to? (b) Why do you think the tall girl is sitting with a weighed down head? (c) Give two phrases which tell us that the children are under-nourishedlAll India 2012; Modified] (d) What is the condition of the boy? Answer. (a) The children are compared to rootless weeds’. (b) The girl is sitting with a weighed down head probably because she is depressed due to abject poverty or family tussles. (c) The phrases are ‘like rootless weeds, and ‘the paper-seeming boy with rat’s eyes’. (d) The boy sitting in the classroom is as thin as paper, due to malnutrition. He has bulging eyes like that of a rat. Question.6. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, the map a bad example, With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes From fog to endless night? On their slag heap, these children ‘ Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones (a) Why is Shakespeare described as wicked? (b) Explain, “from fog to endless night.” (c) What does the reference to ‘slag heap’ mean? (d) How do they live in their holes? Answer. (a) Shakespeare has been described as ‘wicked’ because the children are not aware of his literary genius. In their school, hardly any learning takes place, as they are troubled by hunger, despair and failed aspirations. (b) With reference to the passage, ‘from fog to endless night’ refers to early morning to late night. It means that every day is the same for the slum children. (c) The bloodless bodies of the poor children are referred to as ‘slag heap’. (d) They live like rats in their cramped little holes. Their houses are small, dirty and congested. Fog and darkness dominate their lives. Question.7. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Break O break open till they break the town And show the children to green fields, and make their world Run azure on gold sands and let their tongues Run naked into books the white and green leaves open History theirs whose language is the sun. (a) To whom does ‘they’ refer? (b) What would they break? (c) What does the poet want for them? (d) What other freedom should they enjoy? (All India 2011; Modified) Answer. (a) The word ‘they’ refers to inspectors, visitors, governors and those who are in authority. (b) They would break the grim walls of the slum children’s world which shut the children off from our world. (c) The poet wants that these children should be properly educated, so that they get the energy and warmth of the sun which is symbolic of light and knowledge. (d) The slum children should get adequate opportunity to know the world and find their place under the sun. Question.8. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. ………On their slag heap, these children Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones. All of their time and space are foggy slum. So blot their maps with slums as big as doom. (a) Which two images are used to describe these slums? (b) What sort of life do these children lead? (c) Which figure of speech is used in the last line? (All India 2010; Modified) (d) What does ‘slag heap’ refer to? Answer. (a) The images used to describe the slums are ‘foggy slum’ and ‘slums as big as doom’. (b) The homes of these children are very cramped and dingy. They are almost like holes and these children live in them like rats. They are deprived of the picturesque beauty and gift of nature. (c) The figure of speech used in the last line is a simile, ‘slums as big as doom’. (d) ‘Slag heap’ refers to the hunger-stricken bodies of the slum children, which seem to be garbage heaps. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. What change does the poet hope for in the lives of the slum children? (Foreign 2014) or What does the poet want for the children of the slums? (Foreign 2010) Answer. The poet wishes for a better life for the children of the slums. They should have access to education because education is the key to prosperity. They should be given countless opportunities to explore the world. They

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need to break free from the confines of their weak world into a world which should welcome them with open arms. The self-centred attitude of the affluent classes should be broken to relieve the children from all misery. Question.2. To whom does the poet in the poem, ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’ make an appeal? What is his appeal? (Compartment 2014; Modified) Answer. The poet makes an appeal to his readers, especially the educated and well-off people, to help the poor children of the slum come out and get free from their miserable surroundings. His appeal is that these children should be given quality education, because education holds the key to their emancipation. Question.3. Which words/phrases in the poem, ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’ show that the slum children are suffering from acute malnutrition? (Compartment 2014; Modified) Answer. The words/phrases in the poem which show that the slum children are suffering from acute malnutrition are “the hair torn round their pallor”, “paper seeming boy”, “stunted, unlucky heir of twisted bones” and “wear skins peeped through by bones.” Question.4. The poet says, “And yet, for these children, these windows, not this map, their world.” Which world do these children belong to? Which world is inaccessible to them? Answer. The children belong to the world of poverty and misery in the dingy slum areas. The world of the rich, with all the comforts and luxuries of life, is inaccessible to them. Question.5. How does the poet describe the classroom walls? (Delhi 2010) Answer. The walls of the classroom are pale and dirty. They are decorated with the donated picture of Shakespeare, a scene depicting buildings with domes, a world map and beautiful valleys, which stand in sharp contrast to the dingy, dismal and gloomy atmosphere in which these slum children live. Question.6. What message does Stephen Spender convey through the poem, ‘An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum’? (Odd 2013,Foreign 2011) Answer. The poet wants that the children of the slums should get rid of their dismal lives. They should be educated and brought out from their ugly surroundings. He feels that it is the responsibility of the affluent classes to free these poor children from the life of hunger and misery. Question.7. Why does Stephen Spender say that the pictures and maps in the elementary school classroom are not meaningful? (Delhi 2009) Answer. The pictures and maps in the school are meaningless for the slum children because they stand in sharp contrast to the dingy, dismal and gloomy atmosphere in which these slum children live. These things have no meaning for those who are deprived of the basic amenities of life. Question.8. What does the poet wish for the children of the slums? (Delhi 2008) Answer. The poet wants that the children of the slums should break free from the rut of their dreary existence. They should experience nature at its best, as well as frolic around in a carefree manner. They should be educated and be able to transform themselves. Question.9. Why does the poet Stephen Spender call the map a bad example? (All India 200) Answer. The map represents the beautiful and wonderful world outside. However, this world is beyond the reach of the slum children. Their hopes and aspirations are confined to their world of despair and diseases. So Stephen Spender calls the map a bad example. KEEPING QUIET Pablo Neruda Keeping Quiet is an eloquent piece on peace, humanity, and brotherhood by Pablo Neruda which is as explosive as it is quiet. In a very calm fashion, Neruda leaves us with a world of wisdom in the poem. His calmness is cleverly poised because Neruda figured that staunch activism was not the aptest way to get into the heart and minds of the masses. So, he speaks with much serenity to his readers in the poem and it is this serenity which creates an aftermath of thought ripples in the minds of the readers as we feel influenced to act on his message. Keeping Quiet’s strongest suit is that it appeals to the heart of the readers as opposed to the intellect. Through this poem, Neruda wants his readers to get thinking and pondering as opposed to stimulating them intellectually. Line by line Summary: The poem has been written in free verse and hence it is difficult to divide it into fixed stanzas. Different versions of the poem have been divided variously by different translators. And now we will count to twelve and we will all keep still. At the very start of the poem, Neruda sets the momentum of stillness for us. He urges his readers to count to twelve and remain static. Neruda’s choice of number twelve is very significant here as it has various references. By using twelve Neruda is encompassing the dial of the clock which measures our life, the twelve months which fill the year’s entirety and the twelve zodiac signs that are the regulators of destiny. By employing the number twelve, the poet has brought all these disparate elements within the purview of his call for stillness. For once on the face of the earth let’s not speak in any language,

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The global vantage point from which Neruda is addressing his readers shines through in these two lines. He asks people across the world to unite in stillness. By negating the use of any language, Neruda is not just advocating silence but is also encouraging a breakdown of any cultural predispositions and discriminations. He wants people to transcend their restrictive cultural identities for a while and unite on the plane of humanity as global citizens; by simply remaining still. Let’s stop for one second, and not move our arms so much. Neruda does not seek too much of our time. He breaks down time into its basic component and asks us to invest that tiny bit of our life to silence. The poet seeks to iron out the restlessness of the readers by asking them to stop fidgeting. He wants his listeners to not move at all. Arms here can also stand for weaponry. By asking people to lay down their arms and ammunition, Neruda is making a call for peace. Hence, the second line can be an appeal for stillness as well as peace. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, In these lines, the poet speaks about the beauty of the stillness and silence which he recommends for his readers. He says that it would be an exotic moment in which the cosmic pace of life will halt and so will the engines. By using the word ‘exotic’ he sensualizes this moment of inactivity for us during which people would be freed of their rush to get from point A to point B and will get a break from the rat-race which all of our lives have been reduced to in this modern utilitarian world. By referring to the world in which engines have halted, Neruda is indicating towards a reversal of the dehumanizing aftermath of industrialization and mechanization which has made societies greedy and individuals self-centric. We would all be together in a sudden strangeness. In these lines, Neruda fosters a sense of brotherhood. Once all our activities and the incessant flood of inter-personal communication stops, the world will come together. This coming together of the world will be a one of a kind union – something that the world has not seen or experienced before. Since this moment of unusual stillness has been heralded by the poet so abruptly; he says that following his plea will bring about a wonderful feeling of ‘sudden strangeness’. The peace which ensues from such absolute silence and stillness would bring us all together by serving as the common unifying link. Fisherman in the cold sea would not harm whales Through these two lines, Neruda has attempted to establish a harmony between the tyrants and the oppressed. The fisherman here stands for the exploitative class of people and the whole stands for the oppressed. The poet hopes that keeping quiet would bring in a rush of introspection and in an attempt to understand oneself and the world around, the metaphoric hunter would become kind to his prey, i.e., people will stop causing each other hurt. And the man gathering salt would look at his hurt hands. Once the chain of introspection begins, man, represented here by the salt gatherer, will begin to reflect upon the ups and downs that he has gone through in the course of his life along with the lessons that he has learned in the process, represented here by the hurt hands. In the mad rush of life, people seldom stop to look inwards in order to understand themselves. In the exotic moment of peace when people finally simmer down to take stock of themselves and their life, they will arrive at a feeling of sense-actualization, a better understanding of one’s self. Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire, victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes and walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing. The stillness recommended by Neruda will not just help individuals but also the human society as a whole. Staying still will put an end to the ‘green wars’. By green wars, Neruda is referring to the calculated onslaught on Nature that humans have been making in the name of modernization, leading to phenomena of decadence and environmental degradation such as global warming. Exercising a moment of inactivity will also bring a stop to all the ongoing warfare among nations. Neruda mocks such wars which bring victory at the cost of human lives and basic humanity. If the people engaged in warfare, on and off the field, can just indulge in nothingness for a bit; the soldiers can discard their blood stained uniforms and recognize fellow soldiers on the other side of the battlefield as brothers. According to Neruda, so much benefit can be derived by the very simple act of doing nothing. What I want should not be confused with total inactivity. (Life is what it is about, I want no truck with death.) In these lines, the poet further clarifies what he means by ‘keeping quiet’ and being still. He urges his readers to not confuse this state of dormancy with total inactivity because although they will be physically still and quiet, their mind that will be at work. Silence will help us churn out pearls of realization which will bear the power to change the world. An absolute physical and mental stillness will be akin to death and the poet says he wants nothing to do with it. His

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purpose is to foster life through introspection and reflection. His dictum in favor of rest should not be confused with the Eternal Rest. If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could do nothing, perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death. Neruda opines that as humans we suffer from collective narrow mindedness in the way that all our actions can be linked to our survival instinct. In our struggle to achieve all our goals before death takes to hold us, we become so engrossed with our materialistic aims and responsibilities that we never stop to stare at ourselves and the world around us. The fear of death and the related survival instinct is so strong in us that we don’t think twice before brandishing the gift of our self that God has provided us with in our race to just exist. The poet asserts that by jumping into the pool of silence that he has created for us, we can bring an end to the misery of never understanding ourselves. Most of us go through our whole lives without really knowing who we are and what we want, which according to Neruda is indeed a sad life. Neruda says that by exploring our real selves, away from the crutches of all our surface desires; we can tap into a treasure-trove of happiness that can only be unlocked through self-realization. Perhaps the earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive. In the above-quoted lines, the poet asks us to take lessons of dormancy from Mother Nature. During winter, life seems to stagnate as ice covers everything and sucks all traces of life. However, what seems dead at one instant actually blossoms into life with the onset of spring. What the poet is implying here is that stillness is always succeeded by a period of rejuvenation. Hence, we must not be scared of being in the still and keeping quiet. Just as Nature has shown us, our apparent inactivity will be awarded eventual growth and prosperity. Now I’ll count up to twelve, and you keep quiet and I will go. In the concluding lines, the poet quietly leaves the scene after initiating a process of introspection and reflection within us. Now that he has unloaded his message onto our minds, his work as a poet is over. It is upon us now, to follow his dictum in order to lead a meaningful existence in which we can benefit both on an individual and a societal level. SOLVED QUESTIONS 1. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follows: “Fishermen in the cold sea Would not harm whales And the m an gathering salt Would look at his hurt hands.” a) What is ‘fisherman’ symbolic of? The fisherman symbolizes man’s indiscriminate exploitation of nature for his vested interests. b) What will happen when fishermen do not harm whales? The whales will be no longer on the verge of extinction. A sense of co-existence can go into the minds of people. c) What has happened to the man gathering salt? What must he do? The man gathering salt has injured his hands. He must take care of his hurt hands and should realize that his actions are self-destructive. d) What would happen in this moment of silence? He will become conscious of the harm causing to others and to themselves and will work towards a better tomorrow peace , co-existence, mutual understanding and harmony. e) What image does the poet create in the last line? He creates the image of incessant suffering. In his effort to add comforts to his life he has paid no heed to the pain that caused him. 2. Read the stanza and answer the questions that follows: ” Perhaps the earth can teach us As when everything seems dead And later prove to be alive Now I’ll count up to twelve And you keep quiet and I will go.” a) Who can teach us and what? The earth can teach us. The Earth can teach us how new life emerges from the ashes of the dead remains. Likewise quiet introspection will enable us to live a life of peace and harmony. b) Why does the speaker count up to twelve? It is a part of initiation in meditation. All distractions and digressions are washed away and man is in a moment of bliss. c) Explain-‘you keep quiet and I will go’?

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The poet wants us all to keep quiet and experience the moment of realization and peace. He will go and pass on the message to another group of people. Short Answer Questions 1. Why does Pablo Neruda urge us to keep still ? Stillness is necessary for reflection and quiet introspection. We can hear the voice of our conscience and thus withdraw ourselves from undesirable actions and contribute to create a society of peace and mutual understanding. 2. ’Under the apparent stillness there is life’. Justify. The poet does not want to equate stillness with total inactivity. Under the apparent stillness there is life. We can learn it from the earth when everything seems dead, the earth still remains alive. The life on earth goes on under the apparent stillness. 3. Why do men become sad? How can this sadness be overcome? Men fail to understand themselves. They are always threatening themselves with death. When they do not understand themselves they become sad. A long silence might interrupt this sadness and make them good. QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE “What I want should not be confused With total inactivity Life is what it is about I want no truck with death.” 1. What is the desire of the poet? 2. What does ‘total inactivity’ imply? 3. Why does the poet say that he does not want his wish to be confused with total inactivity? 4. Explain-‘I want no truck with death’. “Those who prepare green wars, Wars with gas, wars with fire, Victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes and walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing. ” a). Whom does ‘those’ refer to here? b). Explain ’green wars, wars with gas , wars with fire.’ c).What does the poet mean by ‘victory with no survivors’? d).What would happen when men ‘put on clean clothes’? e).What lesson will man learn when he just walks about with his brothers doing nothing? “If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could do nothing, perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves and of threatening ourselves with death.” a). Who does ‘we’ refer to here? b). What is man ‘single-minded about’? c). Explain ‘keeping our lives gong’ d).How would man benefit if he does nothing and keep quiet? e). What is the sadness of ‘never understanding ourselves’? f). How has man threatened himself with death? SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE 1. Why shouldn’t we speak any language and move our arms so much? 2. How does the poet distinguish ‘stillness’ from ‘total inactivity’? Explain. 3. “I want no truck with death.” Explain. 4. What are the various wars mentioned? What is the result of these wars? 5. What would be the result of quietude? 6. What is the ‘exotic moment ’mentioned in the poem and how can we achieve it? 7. What has man single-mindedly focused on and to what effect? Extract Based Questions (4 Marks) Question.1. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. “If we were not so single-minded about keeping our lives moving, and for once could do nothing, perhaps a huge silence might interrupt this sadness of never understanding ourselves

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and of threatening ourselves with death(Compartment 2014 Modified) (a) Whom does ‘we’ refer to in the above lines? (b) Why does the poet want us to ‘do nothing’ for once? (c) What is the‘sadness’that the poet refers to in the poem? (d) How can a huge silence do good to us? Answer. (a) ‘We’ refers to the human beings, who are always thinking about their own progress and advancement. (b) The poet wants us to ‘do nothing’ for once so that our mind can be at peace and we are able to introspect and analyse our own actions. (c) The poet refers to the ‘sadness’ which arises due to the fact that people fail to understand themselves. They have no time to introspect about their actions and their consequences. (d) A huge silence can do good to us because we are able to achieve peace in this silence. It helps us in analysing ourselves and our actions, interrupting the sadness of threatening ourselves with death. Question.2.Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. Perhaps the Earth can teach us as when everything seems dead and later proves to be alive Now I’ll count upto twelve and you keep quiet and I will go. (a) What does the Earth teach us? (b) What does the poet mean to achieve by counting upto twelve? (c) What is the significance of ’keeping quiet’? (All India 2013; Modified) (d) What is always alive, even when everything seems to be dead? or (a) What does the Earth teach us? (b) Why does the poet countupto twelve? (c) What will keeping quiet help us achieve?(Delhi 2008 Modified) (d) How does the Earth teach us that there is activity even in apparent stillness? Answer. (a) The Earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains, and how there is life under apparent stillness. (b) The poet wants to achieve peace by counting upto twelve. He wants us to introspect in a moment of silence. (c) Keeping quiet doesn’t mean just not speaking. It means that we should avoid all activities which hurt nature and, in turn, hurt us. (d) The Earth is always alive, even when everything else seems to be dead. There is always some activity going on in nature beneath its apparent stillness. or Answer. (a) The Earth teaches us how new life springs from dead remains. It gives us lessons about sustaining and resurrecting life. (b) The poet is initiating an exercise in meditation. When he counts upto twelve, the meditator puts away all digressions and experiences bliss. He wants all meditators to experience that bliss. (c) Keeping quiet will help us introspect, reflect and experience silence and peace. This will in turn help us find solutions to our problems. (d) Though the Earth appears still, there are so many changes that keep occurring beneath its surface. A seed that seems dead germinates under the Earth and a new life springs from it. Question.3.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. For once on the face of the Earth let’s not speak in any language, let’s stop for one second, arid not move our arms so much. (a) Why does the poet want us to keep quiet? (b) What does he want us to do for one second? (c) What does he mean by “not move our arms”? (Delhi 2012; Modified) (d) How can this moment of stillness help us? Answer. (a) The poet wants us to keep quiet in the hope that the moment of tranquillity might help us in finding the answers to our problems. (b) The poet wants us to be silent and motionless for one second. (c) The poet means that we should be in a state of total stillness with no physical activity at all. (d) This moment of stillness can provide us physical and mental rest, during which our mind will be at peace. We can analyse our actions and their consequences and avoid rash or thoughtless behaviour. Question.4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. It would be an exotic moment without rush, without engines, we would all be together

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in a sudden strangeness. (a) What will happen if there is no rush or running of engines? (b) Why would it be called an exotic moment? (c) How would we feel at tliat moment? (Foreign 2011; Modified) (d) Name the poem and the poet. Answer. (a) It will be an ecstatic moment of tranquillity without rush or running of engines. (b) It would be called an exotic moment because it will be an instance of universal peace and brotherhood. In that moment, all of us would initiate introspection through meditation and the whole world will be enveloped in quietness. (c) We would feel very strange at that moment, because at that time everyone will have a feeling of oneness with their fellow human beings. It will be a new feeling altogether. (d) The poem is ‘Keeping Quiet’, and the poet is Pablo Neruda. Question.5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Now we will count to twelve, and we will all keep still. For once on the face of the Earth, let’s not speak in any language, let’s stop for one second, and not move our arms so much. (a) How long does the poet want to stay still? (b) What does he hope to achieve by keeping quiet? (c) What does the poet mean by “not move our arms so much”? (All India 2009; Modified) (d) Why does the poet suggest us not to sp,eak in any language? Answer. (a) The poet exhorts each one of us to count to twelve and then be quiet, silent and motionless for a brief moment. (b) He hopes to achieve and realise the value of quiet introspection. In this silence, we shall feel that all are together and will experience a strange feeling of togetherness. (c) By this, he means that we should not make any physical movement, as physical activity will stop dr interrupt our introspection. (d) The poet wants us to simply be silent for a moment and utilise that time to understand ourselves as well as others. Besides, language differences often lead to conflict, which the poet, perhaps, wants to avoid. Question.6.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Fishermen ip.the cold sea would not harm whales and the man gathering salt would look at his hurt hands. (a) What does the poet expect of the fishermen and why? (b) While gathering salt, what will the man do? (c) What do the hurt hands imply? (All India 2008;Modified) (d) How would man and nature benefit in this moment of silence? Answer. (a) In the exotic moment of silence and introspection, fishermen will become conscioi the fact that they are causing harm to the whales. The poet expects this because he feels that at this opportune moment all evil will come to an end. (b) The man gathering salt will stop for a while at that quiet moment and look at his hurt hands. (c) ‘Hurt hands’ means that human beings are oblivious of the pain they are causing to themselves in the pursuit of amassing more and more comforts. They have no time for themselves. (d) In this moment of silence, man will not harm nature, and both human beings and nature will get some time to attend to and recover from their wounds. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. Which is the exotic moment that the poet refers to in ‘Keeping Quiet’? (Delhi 2014) Answer. The poet refers to the moment of stillness and quietness as an exotic moment. It would be an exotic moment, as such a tranquillity will initiate peace and brotherhood. There would be no movement, no talk, no activity and consequently, no violence. Question.2. What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’? (All India 2014) or What is the sadness that the poet refers to in the poem? (All India 2011) Answer. The poet refers to the sadness which surrounds man due to not having any time for himself, the pain of not understanding what he or his fellow human beings want. He has no time for introspection; as a result, he is unable to analyse his own actions and understand its consequences. Question.3. Which images in the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ show that the poet condemns violence? (Compartment 2014) Answer. The images of fishermen not harming the whales in the sea and wars leaving behind no survivors to celebrate the victory show that the poet condemns violence. The poet wants the warmongers to change their blood-

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stained clothes to clean ones. The poet’s refusal to have any association or dealing with death also shows that he is not in favour of any form of violence. Question.4. What symbol from nature does the poet use to prove that keeping quiet is not total inactivity? (Foreign2014) Answer. The poet uses nature as a symbol to explain his idea that there can be life under apparent stillness. According to him, keeping quiet is not total inactivity. A seed may appear to be dead and inactive, but one day, the same seed may turn into a fruitful tree. Question.5. How, according to Neruda, can keeping quiet change our attitude to life? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Keeping quiet and suspending all our activities for a brief moment will give us time to introspect and analyse our own actions. We will develop a new understanding of our surroundings and thus change our attitude to life. We will check our destructive ways and try to be more positive and constructive. Question.6.What are the different kinds of wars mentioned in the poem? What is Neruda’s attitude towards these wars? (Delhi 2013) Answer. The poet has written about wars against humanity and nature. Green wars, wars with poisonous gases and wars with fire are the different kinds of wars mentioned in the poem. Wars do good to no one. Pablo Neruda feels that such wars may bring victory, but there are no survivors. It means that there is heavy loss on both sides. Question.7. How can suspension of activities help? (All India 2012) Answer. The poet believes that suspension of activities will allow man to introspect, which can help them in analysing their own actions, and in solving many of their problems based on caste, religion or nationality. It will help them develop a new understanding of their surroundings, and thus make them mend their destructive ways. Question.8. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death? (Delhi 2011) Answer. No, the poet clearly states that his asking for stillness should not be confused with total inactivity or death. He perceives life to be a continuous process, where man’s activities should not lead to destruction of fellow human beings or nature, but should be channelised in a resourceful way. Question.9. According to the poet, what is it that human beings can learn from nature? (All India 2010) Answer. Life under apparent stillness in attitude is the thing which man can learn from nature. The Earth is never in a state of total inactivity. Nature carries on its work even where there is stillness all around. Winter is associated with inactivity, but this is not actually true. Question.10.What will counting upto twelve and keeping quiet help us to achieve? (Foreign 2009) Answer. The poet asks each one of us to count to twelve and then be quiet, silent and motionless. This quietness will create a moment of togetherness among all; a condition which is foremost for the survival of humanity, which is indeed an achievement. It will also give us One to analyse our actions and their consequences. A THING OF BEAUTY John Keats Line wise Summary A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; but will keep A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. Very simply put, yet poetic, Keats describes a thing of beauty as emanating (Proceed) joy forever. Its beauty only increases and it will never cease. The benefits proffe red (Present for acceptance or rejection )by a thing of beauty are listed as giving sound rest with good dreams and well -being. Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth, Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways Made for our searching: yes, in spite of all, Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits… The earth minus the beautiful things is a despondent (Without or almost without hope), spiteful(Showing malicious ill will and a desire to hurt; motivated by spite) place thriving in callous(deaden feelings or morals) insensitive dearth and is harsh toward human beings. Every day human beings face gloomy days packed with unhealthy spite and darkness. However, in spite of all, a thing of beauty helps remove the dark cloud that burdens our souls. Hence, the poet says tha t we – human beings – each day create an ornate (Highly or excessively decorated) band, made of all the lovely things we see. This band keeps us bound to the despondent earth – as we would otherwise be hopeless. Hence, the poet is seen to conclude that mankind and nature are one, that they are intrinsically (With respect to its inherent nature) inseparable, because like most poets of his time, Keats too believed in the oneness of man and his surrounding (which basically is the nature).

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… Such the sun, the moon, Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep; and such are daffodils With the green world they live in; and clear rills That for themselves a cooling covert make ‘Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake, Rich with a sparkling of fair musk-rose blooms; And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales that we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink. This closing paragraph simply tells us some of the beautiful things on Earth. After all, beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder – Everyone can highlight something beautiful in anything. The examples cited by the poet are as such: the sun, the moon, trees, flowers, streams, musk -rose blooms, architectural sepulchres, even fairy tales or heroic legends. The ‘simple sheep’ are human beings – the poet sympathizes with the innocence of human beings. Keats sees the beauty in innocent humans seeking solace in nature, and Mother Nature in its own way sprouts a shady abode of relief and consolation. The expression ‘Lily of the valley’ is quite well known and rouses images of a delicate lone white flower holding up its head amidst a setting of thorns and barbs and everything contrary in natur e to delicateness – so too are the daffodils mentioned in the poem. The poet also sees beauty in the death of martyrs and legends. ‘The mighty dead’ are those martyrs who have died bravely for a cause. We honour them by erecting magnificent, grand sepulchr es in which beauty is seen. If one looks around, there are innumerable beautiful things to notice – they seem to flow immortally as a fountain, from the gods above to help the pitiable human beings to cope with the harshness of life. Explanation A beautiful thing is a source of eternal joy, its attractiveness grows with the passage of time and its impact never fades away. It is as pleasant as a cool quiet bower or sound sleep with sweet dreams; or robust health and mental peace. It provides the beholder wit h a haven of tranquillity and solace. It is the beauty of nature that keeps us attached to this earth. Every morning we collect fresh lovely flowers and prepare garlands. The fascination for flowers is our bonding with the earth. It helps us steer clear of despondency and disappointments. We forget all our despair, of acute shortage of noble souls, of misfortunes that overtake us to test our forbearance. Life is full of trials and tribulations and we often find ourselves in the midst of gloom. It is at such depressing moments that a sight full of beauty dispels the pall of sadness from our spirits making room for hope and optimism. The objects of beauty are countless. These include heavenly bodies like the sun and the moon, the old and young trees that provide cool shelter to sleep, the daffodil flowers encased in green leaves, the streams that flow through a shady passage which they make themselves with plants, and the bushes that bear fragrant flowers. These simple and even commonplace things lift the human spirit filling it with joy and delight. In addition to these objects of nature, there are wonderful tales of our legendary heroes, who lived and died heroically, which inspire us with their matchless beauty. These beautiful things are metaphorically an endless source of nectar that pours down to us from heaven bringing eternal joy for the soul’s grandeur. They are like an elixir of life, a never diminishing source of pleasure and delight, an endless fountain of joy that seems to be a precious gift from Heaven. Solved Questions “yes , in spite of all, Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon , Trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon For simple sheep: and such are daffodils” a. What does ‘in spite of all’ refer to? The expression refers to all the pessimistic and negative thoughts that obstruct our way to happiness. In spite of the sense of hopelessness and gloom that overshadow and darken our way, we are able to find our happiness in the beautiful objects on nature. b. What , according to the poet , drives away the sadness from our life? Beauty, in shape or form, helps in driving away the sadness and despair from the dark recesses of our spirit. c. What does the reference ‘simple sheep’ symbolize? Lambs and sheep are envisioned as the embodiments of innocent and serene beauty. Jesus Christ, as an apostle of peace, was a shepherd and was seen surrounded by his flock of sheep , his followers. The poet has made specific reference to the sheep as symbols of ‘divine beauty’. “…. We have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales tht we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink,

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Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.” a). Who are the ‘mighty dead’? The ‘mighty dead refers to those great men and warriors who glorified death by embracing it most gracefully and bravely.’ b). Why does the poet make this reference? The poet refers to ‘mighty dead’ because beauty can be seen not only in birth and growth , but also in a magnificent death. c).What ‘lovely tales have we heard or read’? A glorified and magnificent death get recorded in the leaves of history, leaving an indelible imprint on it. It remains an everlasting source of motivation to all those who read or hear about such great men who achieved glory in death. d).What is referred to as ‘endless fountain of immortal drink’? Beauty in all respects, whether in growth or in decay , is a perennial source of motivation. It is an endless fountain from where we can drink we can drink the immortal elixir of life. e). Explain “ Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.” Beauty is the greatest gift of God to man which has been showered upon us from the heavens above. This beauty is eternal and everlasting, in whose glory men on earth bask and derive their perennial source of joy and happiness. Short Answer Questions: (a) What according to Keats are the things that cause suffering and pain? The poet says that a scarcity of good-natured people or in other words the wicked people outnumber the good people. And the source of all our sorrows is either ill-health or another human being (b) What makes human beings love life in spite of all the suffering? The poet says that the beautiful things on earth lifts the pall off our spirits and make life worth living. Each beautiful thing is like a link that forms a chain or wreath that binds us to this earth. (c) Why does the poet say ‘mighty dead’? Monuments are erected in memory of people who were mighty or great when they lived. Physically mighty as in mighty warriors or mentally might as in great poets, writers or philosophers. Their tombs provide inspiration for the living through their beauty just as their works continue to do. Questions for practice: 1. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; but will keep a bower quiet for us, and a sleep full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the earth.” a. What is the special virtue of a beautiful thing? b. How does it bless us? c. Explain the expression “A bower quiet for us”. d. What do we do everyday? 2. “the mid forest brake, rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms; and such too is the grandeur of the dooms who have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales that we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.” a. What do you mean by ‘brake’? Where does it grow? What makes it all the more beautiful? b What do you mean by ‘the grandeur of the dooms’? c. “All lovely tales that we have heard or read” Explain d. What is the source of the beauty of nature? What is its effect on us? 3. “Some shape of beauty moves away the pall from our dark spirits. Such the sun, the moon, trees old, and young, sprouting a shady boon for simple sheep; and such are daffodils with green world they live in; and clear rills that for themselves a cooling covert make ‘against the hot season; the mid forest brake Rich with a sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms” a. What type of beauty and its effect are mentioned here ? b. What sprouts a shady boon for sheep and how? c. How do ‘daffodils’ and rills enrich the environment? d. What makes the mid-forest brake rich? Short answer Questions 1. How do we wreathe a flowery band?

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2. Why do human beings suffer or what depresses the human soul? 3. What does Keats mean by the ‘grandeur of doom’? 4. How do we bind ourselves to the earth every morning? 5. Why and how is ‘grandeur’ associated with the mighty dead? 6. What is the source of the ‘endless fountain’ and what is its effect? 7. What is the message of the poem/what philosophy of life is highlighted in the poem. Extract Based Questions (4 Marks) Question.1. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. And such too is the grandeur of the dooms We have imagined for the mighty dead; All lovely tales that we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from heaven’s brink (a) Name the poem and the poet. (b) What is the thing of beauty mentioned in these lines? (c) What image does the poet use in these lines? (d) What is the effect of this ‘immortal drink’ on us? or (a) Who are the ‘mighty dead’? How do we know about them? (b) What images does the poet use to convey that beauty is everlasting? (Foreign 2009, Delhi 2014; Modified) (c) What is the effect of the immortal drink? (d) Write the words from the extract which mean (i) stories (ii) magnificence Answer.(a) The poem is ‘A thing of beauty’ and the poet is John Keats. (b) The thing of beauty mentioned in these lines is the group of stories celebrating the glory of our powerful ancestors, which we have read or heard. (c) The poet uses the image of an ‘endless fountain’ coming down to us from heaven. According to him, nature and other beautiful things around us are like a gift from God, which give us infinite delight and Joy. (d) The immortahtirrnk gives us immense joy, a joy that is everlasting, one that will never come to an end. or (a) Our ancestors, who were great in their own ways and the dead emperors have been referred to as the mighty dead. We come to know about them by reading or hearing valorous tales, which speak of their innumerable sacrifices. They are a source of motivation for all who go through them. (b) ‘Endless fountain’ of joy is the image that has been used to convey that beauty is everlasting. Things of beauty are an eternal source of motivation, a precious gift from heaven which give us infinite pleasure and defight. (c) The immortal drink that nature’s endless fountain pours on us gives us immense joy and pleasure. (d) (i) tales (ii) grandeur Question.2. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways Made for our searching: yes in spite of all, Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits. (a) Name the poem and the poet. (b) Why are we despondent? (c) What removes “the pall from our dark spirits”? (d) Explain, “the inhuman dearth of noble natures.” ’ or (a) What are we doing every day? (b) Which evil things do we possess and suffer from? (c) What are the circumstances that contribute towards making humans unhappy and disillusioned with life? (Delhi 2013; Modified, All India 2014; Modified) (d) What removes the pall from our dark spirits? Answer. (a) The poem is’A thing of beauty’and the poet is John Keats. (b) Human iife is full of trials and tribulations. We add to our troubles and make our lives more difficult by following evil ways. We hurt others as well as ourselves. This makes us despondent. (c) The various objects of beauty around us remove the pall from our dark spirits. Beautiful things have the power to make us happy. (d) The poet here means that the world lacks in men of noble nature or qualities. There are few people who are noble in character; most of the people are self-centred and pursue evil ways. or (a) The memory of beautiful things remains in our minds and strengthens our bond with the Earth. Every day, these

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bonds get strengthened by the flowery bands that we prepare. (b) Humans suffer from hopelessness and sadness. Our poor style of living make us grim. (C) Hopelessness, sadness and lack of noble ways are a part of human life. We harm ourselves by following unhealthy and wicked paths. These circumstances contribute towards making humans unhappy and disillusioned with life. (d) Anything beautiful in our surroundings or even the memories of our beautiful experiences removes the pall from our dark spirits. Question.3. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. “Some shape of beauty moves away the pall From our dark spirits,” (a) How does beauty help us when we are burdened with grief? (b) Explain; “Some shape of beauty.” (c) Identify the figure of speech in the above lines. (d) Why are our spirits referred to as ‘dark’? Answer. (a) Whenever we look at a beautiful object, we are filled with comfort and joy. When we are burdened with grief, a thing of beauty comes as a ray of hope, and makes us forget our sorrow and suffering at least for some time. (b) Beauty is an abstract idea and has no specific shape. The poet here means beauty in some form or some beautiful object which pleases us. (c) The above lines present an example of metaphor. Our souls are steeped in sadness and disappointment which are compared to a pall or shroud covering the dead. (d) Our spirits are dejected due to extreme sadness and disappointment which may be the result of our own evil actions. So, the poet refers to them as dark, because of the hopelessness we feel. Question.4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing A flowery band to bind us to the Earth, Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth Of noble natures, of the gloomy days, Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways Made for our searching (a) What are the flowery bands that bind us to the Earth? (b) What message do the above lines convey? (Delhi 2009) (c) Why is there an “inhuman dearth of noble natures”? (d) What do you understand by “unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways”? Answer. (a) Here beautiful and pleasant things have been referred to as flowery bands. It is only those things which have beauty of some or the other kind that bind us to this Earth, or in a way, keep us going. The memory of our beautiful experiences helps us strengthen our bond with the Earth. (b) The message that these lines convey is that the world is full of sorrow, sadness and depression. People have become selfish,-and there is a scarcity of noble people. Despite this, life is possible because there are some beautiful things around, which help us to look towards the positive side of life. It is the beauty of these things which brings a smile on our face and gives us happiness in our lives. (c) Today, there are few people who can rise above petty differences and be generous towards others. These days people are mostly selfish and do not think about others. (d) The unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways refer to the trials and tribulations in our life, and the dishonest and unfair means people adopt to achieve their goals. Question.5. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. A thing of beauty is a joy forever Its loveliness increases, it will never Pass into nothingness; but will keep A bower quiet for us and a sleep Full of sweet dreams and health and quiet breathing (a) How does a thing of beauty remain a joy forever? (b) Mention any two sources of joy which a thing, of beauty provides to us. (All India 2008; Modified) (c) Explain, “never pass into nothingness.” (d) What is meant by‘bower’? Answer. (a) A thing of beauty provides eternal and everlasting joy to us. Whenever we are in a pensive mood we can relive the joyful experience and happiness it gave us. (b) A thing of beauty gives us a quiet bower to rest peacefully, and a blissful sleep full of pleasant dreams. (c) The joy that a thing of beauty give us is eternal. It never loses its importance, but it only increases with time. (d) A ‘bower’ refers to a peaceful, quiet place under the shade of trees. Short Answer Type Questions p Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. How do beautiful things help us to live a happy life? (Foreign 2014) Answer. We derive comfort and happiness when we look at objects of beauty, and the lasting impression they leave

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on our minds is a source of permanent joy. Beautiful things bind us to the Earth and help us strengthen our relationship with nature. They provide us relief from our everyday trials and tribulations and help us live a happy life. Question.2. What does Keats consider an endless fountain of immortal drink and why does he call its drink immortal? (All India 2013) Answer. Keats considers nature’s beauty as an endless fountain of immortal drink. He calls this drink immortal as the pleasure and delight given by it never passes into nothingness. It only increases with time. Question.3. According to Keats, what spreads the pall of despondence over our dark spirits? How is it removed? (All India 2013) or What spreads the pall of despondence over our dark spirits? How is it removed? Answer. John Keats says that pain and suffering are a part of life. These bring us sadness and despondence. But still, we can find hope. The hope and motivation come from nature and remove the pall of despondence from our spirits. The beautiful sights give us inspiration to continue the journey of life. Question.1. How do beautiful things help us to live a happy life? (Foreign 2014) Answer. We derive comfort and happiness when we look at objects of beauty, and the lasting impression they leave on our minds is a source of permanent joy. Beautiful things bind us to the Earth and help us strengthen our relationship with nature. They provide us relief from our everyday trials and tribulations and help us live a happy life. Question.2. What does Keats consider an endless fountain of immortal drink and why does he call its drink immortal? (All India 2013) Answer. Keats considers nature’s beauty as an endless fountain of immortal drink. He calls this drink immortal as the pleasure and delight given by it never passes into nothingness. It only increases with time. Question.3. According to Keats, what spreads the pall of despondence over our dark spirits? How is it removed? (All India 2013) or What spreads the pall of despondence over our dark spirits? How is it removed? Answer. John Keats says that pain and suffering are a part of life. These bring us sadness and despondence. But still, we can find hope. The hope and motivation come from nature and remove the pall of despondence from our spirits. The beautiful sights give us inspiration to continue the journey of life. Question.4. How does a thing of beauty provide shelter and comfort? (Modified India 2013) Answer. A thing of beauty provides shelter and comfort in many ways. It is like a bower, a place under the shade of a tree where we can rest. It gives us a sleep filled with sweet dreams. The streams and forests provide a cooling covert for us in the hot weather. Question.5. How is a thing of beauty a joy forever? (Delhi 2012) Answer. A thing of beauty is a joy forever because it is a permanent source of joy and inspiration and leaves a lasting impression on us. The pleasure and happiness given by it never fades away but keeps on increasing. Question.6. What makes human beings love life in spite of troubles and sufferings? . (Ml India 2012,2010; Delhi 2008) Answer. Human beings suffer from hopelessness and sadness. Our style of living often makes us hopeless and grim. We at times also, suffer due to the self-centred and wicked nature of others. In spite of all our troubles and sufferings, we are able to derive pleasure from our surroundings. The beautiful objects from nature help us shed our gloom, give us a glimmer of hope, and make us love life amidst all troubles. Question.7. Why is ‘grandeur’ associated with the mighty dead? (Delhi 2011) Answer. The mighty dead are those who have laid down their lives for a great or noble cause. Their death is replete with intellectual and spiritual beauty. Birth, growth and decay, all are inseparable. Each has its own. beauty. Their death is grand or beautiful because it makes them immortal through the grand tombs and memorials erected in their honour. Question.8. What is the message of the poem, ‘A thing of beauty’? (Modified India 2011) Answer. The message of the poem ‘A thing of beauty’ is that beautiful things are a source of constant joy and inspiration. They give us eternal pleasure and leave an indelible image on our minds and, therefore, every beautiful thing and aspect is worth being treasured. Question.9. What is the ‘endless fountain’ and what is its effect? (Foreign 2011) Answer. Here beauty has been referred to as an ‘endless fountain’, which is an eternal source of motivation, an elixir of life and a precious gift from heaven. It gives us infinite pleasure and delight, and motivates us to continue our journey of life. Question.10.What images does the poet use to describe the beautiful bounty of the Earth? (Delhi 2010) Answer. The poet uses the image of an ‘endless fountain’, which showers bounties on Earth. He calls this an ‘immortal drink’ from heaven. The sun, the moon, the trees, the daffodils, the lush green forests and streams, all reflect the beautiful bounties which God has given us. AUNT JENNIFER’S TIGER Adrienne Cecile Rich About poet: Adrienne Cecile Rich (1929 – 2012) She was an American poet, essayist and feminist. She was one of the most widely read and influenced poets of the second half of the 20th century. In her poems she talks about a woman’s experiences in her married life. She has tried to explore the inner feelings of a woman who is living under

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the dominance of men. Adrienne rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. She is widely known for her active involvement in the women’s movement. She has published 19 volumes of poetry, three collections of essays and other writings. She was strongly against racism and inequality prevailed in human society. In the poem Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers the poet describes the oppressed condition of women by males and their dominance in society. EXPLANATION OF THE POEM: Stanza ‐1. Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen, Bright topaz denizens of world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the tree; They pace in sleek chivalric certainty. Explanation: Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance and move across a screen or wall.. They are bright coloured like the golden yellow jewel (topaz). They are the denizens (dwellers) of green forests. They are not afraid of the men standing under the tree. They are well groomed (shining) and running fast on the panel with confidence. ( Here Aunt Jennifer has knitted images of tigers on the panel. They are not real or living tigers. The images of tigers are created by aunt on the panel with her own hands. The tigers represent her dreams. Her desire is to be free from fear and oppression that control her life and wants to become brave like tigers.) Stanza‐ 2. Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool Find even the ivory needle hard pull. The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band; Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand. Questions: (i) Why do aunt Jennifer’s fingers flutter? (ii) (ii) Why does she find it hard to pull the ivory needle? (iii) (iii)Why is uncle’s wedding band described as being heavy? Answer: (i) Aunt’s fingers were not healthy and strong. She was afraid of her husband. (ii) (ii) she finds it hard to pull the ivory needle because she was very weak and worried. (iii) (iii) Her married life with uncle had been severe. The uncle treated her with heavy hand and cruelty. Explanation: Aunt Jennifer’s hands are moving about her wool to create beautiful images of tigers. But the movement is not easy and smooth. Aunt finds the ivory needle very hard to pull through wool. The Uncle’s wedding band seems very heavy on her hand. She feels burdened with her marital (wedding) responsibilities. (Aunt always fears from her husband. Her marital life is burdened for her. Through this stanza the poet wants to carry the fact that a women does not feel ease to carry he martial life. Her humour does not matter before her husband. She feels so much subjected that the martial bond is a burden on her. This is also with aunt Jennifer.) Stanza‐ 3. When Aunt is dead, her terrified hand will lie Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. The tigers in the panel that she maid Will go on prancing proud and unafraid. Explanation: The final stage reveals aunt Jennifer will remain terrified always in her life as well as after her death. She will be confident with unpleasant painful experiences after her death because she is mastered by her husband. The tiger in the panel that she made will go on jumping. They will be proud and unafraid. Question and Answers Qs. How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to understanding of the tiger’s attitude? Ans. The Tigers are the ‘denizens’ of the forest. They are very brave and fearless. They are ‘chivalric’. They occupy honorable and majestic positions in the world of Animals. So the use of ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ adds to our understanding of the tigers attitude. Qs. Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s hands are fluttering through her wool in the second stanza? Why is she finding the needle so hard to pull? Ans. Ant Jennifer is creating Tiger on the screen. Her hands are fluttering through her wool. She had bitter and unpleasant experiences of her married life. The memory of her married life is still fresh in her mind. So she finds the needle so hard to pull. Qs. What is suggested by the image ‘massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’? Ans. The poet uses many images and symbols to describe the unpleasant experience of Aunt Jennifer’s married life. Massive weight of ‘Uncles wedding band’ is a symbol of harsh and bitter experiences of married life of Aunt Jennifer. The Wedding band also stands for unbreakable bond of marriage between the husband and wife. Qs. Of what or whom is Aunt Jennifer terrified with the third stanza? Ans. Aunt Jennifer’s is creating Tiger on the screen. She is terrified. She had gone through with bitter and harsh experiences in her married life. The memory of her married life is still fresh in her mind. She is still in rip of the unpleasant experiences of her married life. So she is frightened. Qs. What are the ‘ordeals’ Aunt Jennifer is surrounded by, why is it significant that the poet uses the word ‘ringed’? What are the meaning of the word ‘ringed’ in the poem.

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Ans. Aunt Jennifer had a bitter and unpleasant married life. ‘Ordeals’ stands for bitter and unpleasant experiences of her married life. The poet uses the word ‘ringed’ which suggests that Aunt Jennifer is still surrounded by the bitter experiences of her past life. The another meaning of the word ‘ringed’ is encircled. Qs. Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that are so different from her own character? What might the poet be suggesting through this difference. Ans. Aunt Jennifer creates Tiger on the screen. These Tigers are brave and fearless. They are different from Aunt Jennifer character. The poet wants to suggest that Aunt Jennifer wants to express her desire to be confident and brave through her creation. So the Tigers are different from her own character. Qs. Interpret the symbol found in this poem. Ans. The poet uses symbols in the poem. The Tigers are the symbol of courage, honor, bravery and confidence. The massive weight of ‘Uncle’s wedding band’ is symbol of harsh and bitter experiences of Aunt Jennifer’s married life. ‘Ordeals’ and ‘Ringed’ also stands for bitter and harsh experiences. Qs. Do you Sympathize with Aunt Jennifer. What is the attitude of the speaker towards Aunt Jennifer? Ans. Yes, we are sympathized with Aunt Jennifer. The poet has also a sympathetic attitude towards the Aunt Jennifer. She uses many symbols to describe the harsh and unpleasant married life of Aunt Jennifer. Gist of the poem a. The poet is a feminist and she addresses the difficulties of a married woman. b. She spends good amount of time in embroidering panel of tigers prancing across the screen. c. The tigers are fearless creatures pacing elegantly and majestically. They symbolize the spirit of freedom. Aunt is a victim of male chauvinism (male domination). d. Aunt Jennifer is so oppressed and terrified that she finds it hard to pull the needle. e. The “weight of Uncle’s wedding band “expresses how victimized and oppressed she is. It implies that aunt Jennifer has to work hard to meet his expectation. f. She spends her life in fear but she embroiders on the panel the fearless tigers to express her secret longing for a life of freedom and confidence. g. Even her death does not end the problem and torture which a married woman experiences. SOLVED QUESTIONS 1.”Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen, Bright topaz denizens of a world of green. They do not fear the men beneath the tree: They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.” a) What does the expression ‘Aunt Jennifer’s tigers imply? Aunt Jennifer was embroidering a panel of prancing tigers. The poet refers to the tigers as Aunt Jennifer’s tigers because they are her creation, her work of art. b) What does ‘prancing tigers’ symbolize? Prancing tigers are a symbol of the spirit of freedom within Aunt Jennifer which remains subdued. They also symbolize her fear of her male counterpart. c) Why are they referred to as ‘denizens of a world of green’? The tigers are the dwellers of the green forest so they are referred to as denizens. d) What qualities of the ‘tigers’ are highlighted here? Fearlessness and ferocity of the tigers are highlighted here. Aunt Jennifer’s nervousness and timidity are in sharp contrast to wild ferocity of the tigers who are not afraid of hunting men. Unlike Aunt Jennifer, the tigers fear nothing. e) Explain; “They pace in sleek chivalric certainty”. The movement of the tigers is sleek, stealthy, sure, majestic and elegant. They are sure of their purpose. Gallant and confident, they move ahead fearlessly and undeterred 2.”Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool Find even the ivory needle hard to pull. The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand.” a) Why do Aunt Jennifer’s fingers flutter through her wool? Aunt Jennifer lives in constant fear of her chauvinist husband. She feels so nervous and terrified that her hands shake and flutter when she sits down to knit. b) Why does she find it hard to pull the ivory needle? Confronting constant fear and bearing the constraints of married life , she has become a nervous wreck. She finds it difficult to pull the ivory needle through the tapestry more because of mental suppression than because of physical weakness. c) Explain: ‘massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band’. The expression is symbolic of male authority and power. Matrimony binds the woman physically as well as mentally, clipping her of her freedom of expression and independence. Likewise Aunt Jennifer is trapped in gender oppression and feels herself burdened by the authority of her husband. d) How is Aunt Jennifer affected by the ‘weight of matrimony’? Aunt Jennifer cannot do things freely, she tries to come up to the expectation of her husband, she seems to have lost her identity. The freedom that she dreams of through her art is itself symbolic of her oppressed self.

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3.”When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. The tigers in the panel that she made Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.” a) What is Aunt Jennifer’s death symbolic of? Aunt Jennifer’s death is symbolic of her complete submission to her suppression. b) Explain: “terrified hands”. Aunt Jennifer is terrified by her dominating husband and hence her hands are shivering. c) What does ‘ringed with ordeals’ imply? Aunt Jennifer has been so victimized in her life that even after death she remains trapped in the struggles of the spirit. Though we do not know what terrors Aunt Jennifer had to live with relatives did, we find her a victim of gender injustice and oppression. d) Is the society in any way affected by Aunt Jennifer’s death? Since the society is male dominated, it shows no concern for Aunt’s suffering, even her death. The loss of her freedom is her individual loss. The society is not affected by it and the state of women still remains the same. e) Explain: “the tigers in the panel….will go on prancing, proud and unafraid”. The expression is symbolic of the dispassionate and unconcerned attitude of the male towards the desire for freedom among women. Even after her death, the social milieu remains unaffected, arrogant and ferocious. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. How do Aunt Jennifer’s tiger look like? The tigers, made by Aunt Jennifer on the screen, are jumping and playing about without any fear of the men beneath the tree. They walk in elegance and style displaying the spirit of courage, fearlessness, strength and confidence. 2. What do the tigers made by the Aunt symbolize? The tigers made by Aunt Jennifer symbolize the spirit of courage, strength and fearlessness Aunt Jennifer, a victim of male oppression, expresses her crushed feelings in the form of art. So, the tigers are symbolic of the fear of male domination with which Aunt Jennifer suffers. 3. Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s hands are fluttering through her wool? Why is she finding the needle so hard to pull? Aunt Jennifer is victimized by the overbearing and dominant nature of her husband. Her life has become a torture due to her suppression by her atrocious husband. The fear of her authoritative husband has gone so deep into her being that she seems to have lost all strength and energy. Thus her hands shake and flutter so much that she is not even able to pull the needle through the tapestry. 4. What do you understand by “massive weight of uncle’s wedding band”? Generally ‘wedding band’ is a symbol of joy and happiness. But in case of Aunt Jennifer, it has become a symbol of torture and oppression. Her relationship with her authoritative husband has become a painful burden to carry. Her ‘wedding band’ has brought her a world of pain, misery and torture. She has lost her freedom and entered a world of humiliation and oppression. 5. Explain ’her terrified hands will lie, still ringed with the ordeals she was mastered by’. These lines convey Aunt’s complete submission to the oppressive authority of her husband. The fear of her husband has gone so deep into her being that even death cannot liberate her from the chains of her mental suppression. Memories of her husband’s tortures and atrocities which bent her into a humiliating slavery will continue to haunt her even after her death. 6. Explain ‘The tigers in the panel------------proud and unafraid.’ Here the tigers symbolize the unquestioned authority of man enjoyed by him over his woman counterpart. The lines suggest the dispassionate and unconcerned attitude of the male towards the desire for freedom among women. Here, Aunt Jennifer tries to find an escape in her art but ends up portraying an image of her own suppression. While woman can never free herself from the oppressive authority of her male counterpart, the male, on the other hand will go on enjoying his authoritative arrogance and ferocity without any fear of regrets. Questions for Practice: 1.What ideology does the poem propound? 2.How is the poem a forceful expression of the evil of patriarchy? 3The tigers are contrasting symbols. Do you think so? How? 4.Wht ordeals do you think Aunt Jennifer is surround by? 5.Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that are so different from her own character? 6. What impression do you form about the Uncle in the poem. Cite evidences. Extract Based Questions (4 Marks) Question.1. Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by The tigers in the panel that she made Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid (a) Who is the aunt mentioned here?

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(b) Why is she “ringed with ordeals”? (c) What is the difference between her and the tigers? (d) Why has Aunt Jennifer created the tigers so different from her own character? or (a) Why are Aunt Jennifer’s hands terrified? (b) Why did she make the tigers? (c) What will happen to her tigers after her death? (Delhi 2012; Modified) (d) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her? Answer.(a) The aunt mentioned here is Aunt Jennifer, the protagonist of Adrienne Rich’s poem ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’; she is a woman going through unpleasant experiences in her married , life. (b) The ‘ring’ here refers to her wedding band or ring, which has brought with it a host of family responsibilities. She feels so surrounded (i.e. ringed) by her marital constraints that it seems like an ordeal to her. (c) Aunt Jennifer is quite weak and submissive, whereas the tigers are strong, bold and powerful. She is bound by the constraints of her married fife, while the tigers are free to move about in the green woods. (d) The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are an expression of her desire to free herself from the constraints of her married life. She wants to be bold and fearless like her tigers. or (a) Her hands are ‘terrified’ (actually she is terrified) as she is passing through the very hard and bitter experience of married life. Here the poet has used her hands to represent her. (b) She made the tigers because they are beasts of prey. They are chivalric and confident and do not fear men, which is totally contrasting with her own nature. (c) The tigers will still keep prancing over the panel even when Aunt is dead. They will outlive her. (d) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers provide a striking contrast to her. The old lady is weak and- scared of men, whereas the tigers symbolise strength, power and fearlessness. Question.2. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen, Bright topaz denizens of a world of green They do not fear the men beneath the tree, They pace in sleek chivalric certainty (a) How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers described? (b) Why are they described as denizens of a world of green? (c) Why are they not afraid of the men? (Delhi 2010; Modified) (d) What are her tigers symbolic of? Answer. (a) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers have been described as golden yellow in colour. The prance fearlessly across a screen in sleek chivalric certainty. (b) They have been called as denizens of a world of green because they are the natives of dense green forests. (c) They are not afraid of men because they are brave, strong, fearless and full of confidence. (d) Her tigers are symbolic of Aunt Jennifer’s desire for freedom. They are also symbols of strength and selfconfidence. Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. What are the difficulties that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? (Delhi 2014) or What are the ordeals that Aunt Jennifer faced in her life? (Foreign 2009) Answer. Aunt Jennifer was probjbly a victim of oppression at the hands of the patriarchal society. She was subjugated by her husband and the weight of the wedding band i.e. her wedding ring, felt heavy on her hand. She was so terrified that her hands fluttered even when she carried something so light as wool. Question.2. How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her? (All India 2014) or How are the tigers different from her? (Foreign 2009) Answer. Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are created by her on the tapestry. However, they present a sharp contrast to their creator. While the Aunt is weak, meek and submissive and is scared of expressing her feelings openly, the tigers are strong, fearless and confident. They are bold creatures and are scared of no one. The aunt is in bonded in matrimony and faces several restrictions. Qn the other hand, the tigers move about freely. Question.3. How does Aunt Jennifer express her bitterness and anger against male dominance? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Aunt Jennifer is too terrified to openly resist the oppression that she is victim of. She expresses her bitterness and anger against male dominance silently through her art. She creates tigers on her tapestry; animals that are symbolic of bravery, fearlessness and strength. Besides, she portrays these tigers as creatures unafraid of the men around them. The tigers she creates are wild and free from any kind of bondage. Question.4.What will happen to Aunt Jennifer’s tigers when she is dead? (Delhi 2013) Answer. The tigers created by Aunt Jennifer are eternal. They will keep on prancing even after her death. She probably wants to convey that the tigers which represent the Aunt’s inner sense of freedom will stay forever. Question.5.What lies heavily on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband? (All India 2013)

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or What is the weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand? How is it associated with her husband? (Foreign 2010) Answer. The weight that lies heavy on Aunt Jennifer’s hand is the wedding band, which symbolises the weight of her married life. Probably, the weight has burdened her so much that she feels subjugated. Aunt Jennifer had a troubled married life with a dominating and oppressive husband. Question.6. Why did Aunt Jennifer choose to embroider tigers on the panel? (Delhi 2012, All India 2009) Answer. Aunt Jennifer chose to embroider tigers on the panel because for her, the tigers were the symbols of bravery, fearlessness and strength. These creatures are not afraid of the men around them. Her embroidering the tigers is perhaps an expression of her own bitterness and anger against male dominance. Question.7. How do the words, ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of Aunt Jennifer’s tigers? (All India 2012) or How do ‘denizens’ and ‘chivalric’ add to our understanding of the tiger’s attitudes? (Delhi 2011) Answer. ‘Denizens’ denotes occupants or citizens and ‘chivalric’ points to fearlessness, honour, bravery and majesty. Tigers are very possessive about their territory. They live on their own terms and fear none, as they regard themselves superior in their own domain, The poet finds similarities between the propensity-of tigers and men. Question.8.Why do you think Aunt Jennifer created animals that Die so different from her own character? What might the poet be suggesting through this difference? (All India 2011) Answer. Aunt Jennifer is a weak and terrified person who, all through her life, was suppressed by the constraints of marriage. The animals that she is creating in her panel are very different, as they are chivalric and do not fear men. They are a symbol of strength, fierceness and beauty. They represent Aunt Jennifer’s suppressed desire to become bold and fearless, and free from oppression. The poet wants to emphasise the spirit and desire for freedom which is innate in all human beings. Question.9. How does the poet describe Aunt Jennifer’s tigers?(Delhi 2008) or Describe the tigers created by Aunt Jennifer. (All India 2008, Delhi 2009) Answer. According to the poet, Aunt Jennifer’s tigers are golden-yellow in colour. He describes them as prancing across the screen. They are denizens of a world of green. The tigers are sleek, chivalric, majestic and elegant. Also, they are brave and fearless. PROSE      

The Last Lesson Lost Spring Deep Water The Rattrap Indigo Going Places

THE LAST LESSON Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. What tempted Franz to stay away from school? (Delhi 2014; Medtffot) Answer. Franz feared a scolding at school as he had not prepared hte lesson on participles, on which his French teacher M Hamel was to question the class that day. Besides* the warm and bright weather, the chirping of birds and the watching the drill of Prussian soldiers also tempted Franz to stay away from school. Question.2. What was unusual about M Hamel’s dress on his last day in the school? (Compartment 2014) Answer. M Hamel had put on his ceremonial clothes on his last day in the school. He was wearing a beautiful green coat, a frilled shirt, and a little black embroidered silk cap. This was a special ceremonial attire which he usually wore on days of inspection and prize distribution. Question.3. Why is the order from Berlin called a thunderclap by Franz? (Compartment 2014) or “What a thunderclap these words were to me!” What were the words that shocked and surprised the narrator? : (Delhi 2013) Answer. M Hamel told his students that it was their last French lesson, as an order had come from Berlin that henceforth only German was to be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. This announcement seemed to be a thunderclap to Franz. He was left in surprise and shock to learn that a new master was going to arrive the next day and they would learn German instead of their mother tongue. Question.4. Who were sitting on the back benches during M Hamel’s last lesson? Why? (Compartment 2014) or Why had the villagers come to school on the day of the last lesson? (Foreign 2008) or Why were the elders of the village sitting in the classroom? (Allindia 2014)

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Answer. Some of the elderly people from the village were sitting on .the back benches during M Hamel’s last lesson. The villagers had come there to attend his last lesson as it was their way of paying respect to the master, who had given forty years of faithful service to the school. Question.5. Why does M Hamel reproach himself for his students, unsatisfactory progress in Studies? (Compartment 2014) Answer. M Hamel had been rather irregular as a teacher. He took leave whenever he wanted to. Besides, he had often sent the students to water his plants, and whenever he wanted to go fishing, he just gave them a holiday. So, he reproaches himself for his students’ unsatisfactory progress in studies. Question.6. What shows M Hamel’s love for the French language? (Foreign 2014) or What did M Hamel tell them about the French language? What did he ask them to do and why? (Delhi 2013) Answer. In his last lesson, M Hamel told the students that the French language was the most beautiful language in the world—the clearest and the most logical. He asked them to guard it amongst themselves and never forget it, because when a people were enslaved, as long as they held fast to their language, it was as if they had the key to their prison. Question.7. What words did M Hamel write on the blackboard before dismissing the last class? What did they mean? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Before dismissing the last class, M Hamel turned to the blackboard, and wrote the phrase, ‘Vive La France!’ as large as he could. These words meant ‘Long live France’, and spoke of M Hamel’s great love for his country and his deep sense of patriotism. Question.8. What made M Hamel cry towards the end of his last lesson? (Compartment 2014) Answer. M Hamel had taught French at the school for the last forty years. He was emotionally attached to the school and everything in and about it. He was really heartbroken to leave it all. Besides, his own predicament reminded him that his country would soon lose its independence. All this made him cry towards the end of his last lesson. Question.9. How did Franz react to the declaration that it was their last French lesson? (Delhi 2013) or What announcement did M Hamel make? What was the impact of this on Franz? (All India 2011) or ‘‘This is your last French lesson.” How did Franz react to this declaration of M Hamel? (Delhi 2010) or What changes came over little Franz after he heard M Hamel’s announcement? (All India 2010) or What did the French teacher tell his students in his last French lesson? What impact did it have on them? (All India 2009) Answer. The French teacher M Hamel announced that he would be teaching his last French lesson that day because the orders had come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. On hearing this, all the students as well as Franz felt very sorry that they would not be learning their mother tongue in future. Franz regretted not having learnt his lessons. Earlier his books seemed a nuisance to him, but at that moment they became very dear to him. Question.10.What was the order from Berlin and what changes did it cause in the school? (AU India 2013) or What changes did the order from Berlin cause in the school? (Delhi 2012) or What was the mood in the classroom when M Hamel gave his last French lesson? (Delhi 2009) Answer. The order from Berlin stated that only German will be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The order effected many changes, as an unusual silence prevailed in the school, compared to the hustle and bustle earlier. M Hamel became soft in speaking to the students, while the people realised the importance of their language. The villagers even attended the school to show respect to M Hamel. Question.11. How did M Hamel say farewell to his students and the people of the town? (All India 2012) Answer. At the end of his ‘Last Lesson’,. M Hamel stood up to say farewell to his students and the people of the town. He tried to speak, but overwhelming emotion choked his voice. He then wrote as large as he could on the blackboard ‘Vive La France’; then he dismissed the class with a gesture with his hand. Question.12. What was Franz expected to be prepared with for the school that day? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Franz was expected to be prepared with participles that day. His teacher M Hamel, was to question him on the topic. Franz had not learnt his lessons and feared to be scolded by him. Question.13. What had been put up on the bulletin-board? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Since the last two years the bulletin-board had news of lost battles, the draft and the orders of the commanding officer. On that day a notice had been put up stating that orders from Berlin were to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine.

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Question.14. Who did M Hamel blame for the neqlect of leaminq on the part of boys like Franz? (Delhi 2011) Answer. M Hamel blamed himself for the neglect of learning on the part of boys like Franz. He himself was not quite regular and took leave whenever he needed it, which reflected on the behaviour and studies of the students. He also blamed their parents for not taking mterest in their education. Question.15. Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” What does this tell us about the attitude of the Frenchmen? (All India 2011) Answer. This shows that the Frenchmen were full of hatred and desperation against the Germans. Besides, they feared German atrocities. They thought that they would be forced to read German and no one will be spared. Question.16. Mention two thingsLabout M Hamel that surprised Franz on his last day at school. (Foreign 2009) Answer. M Hamel didn’t scold Franz for being late; instead he told him very kindly to go to his place. Also, that day he was dressed in his best clothes; he was in his beautiful green coat, frilled shirt and little black silk cap with embroidery, which he wore only on inspection or prize days. Question.17. How was the scene in the school in the morning of the last lesson different from that on other days? (Delhi 2008) Answer. Usually, there used to be great hustle and bustle when the school began. The din of opening and closing of the desks, lessons being repeated in unison and the rapping of the teacher’s ruler on the table, could be heard out in the street. But that day, it was all very quiet and still as on a Sunday morning. Long Answer Type Question (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.1. What changes did the narrator find in the school when the order from Berlin came? (Ail India 2008) Answer. The order from Berlin prohibited teaching of French in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. Instead, German was to be taught in the schools. Franz was late for school that day. He noticed that the hustle and bustle was missing. There was no opening and closing of desks, no repetition of lessons or rapping of the teacher’s ruler on the table could be heard. It was all very quiet and still. Franz was further surprised because, instead of meeting an angry teacher, he was welcomed by a kind and polite teacher, who was dressed in his best clothes, a beautiful green coat, frilled shirt and an embroidered silk cap, which he wore only on inspection and prize days. The back benches were occupied by the village people who never came to school, as they were more concerned about their livelihood. He was further astounded to know that , M Hamel was going to teach his last lesson that day. LOST SPRING Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. To which country did Saheb’s parents originally belong? Why did they come to India? (Compartment 2014) or Why did Saheb’s parents leave Dhaka and migrate to India? (Compartment 2014) or Why had the ragpickers come to live in Seemapuri? (Foreign 2014) Answer. Saheb’s parents belonged to Dhaka in Bangladesh, where they lived amidst green fields. They and the other ragpickers left their homes many years ago and migrated to India in search of a livelihood, as their homes and fields were destroyed in storms. This forced them to come to India, where they settled in the slums of Seemapuri. Question.2. What job did Saheb take up? Was he happy? (All India 2014 Modified) Answer. Saheb took up work at a tea stall, where he had to perform several odd jobs, including getting milk from the milk booth. He was not happy, as he had lost his independence. Though he earned ? 800, and got all his meals free, he was no longer his own master. Question.3. In what sense is garbage gold to the ragpickers? (Compartment 2014) or Garbage to them is gold; why does the author say so about the ragpickers? (Delhi 2008) Answer. Garbage is gold to the ragpickers of Seemapuri because it provides them items which can be sold for cash, which can buy them food and is a means of survival. Moreover, it is gold also because the ragpickers can find stray coins and currency notes in it. Question.4. How is Mukesh different from the other bangle makers of Firozabad? (Delhi 2014; Modified) Answer. Mukesh has the courage to dream big in spite of all adversity, whereas the other bangle makers of Firozabad have resigned to their fate, and have suppressed all their hopes and desires. Mukesh refuses to follow the ‘God-given lineage’ of bangle making and wants to be a motor mechanic when he grows up. Question.5. Whom does Anees Jung blame for the sorry plight of the bangle makers? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Anees Jung blames the middlemen, the policemen, the lawmakers, the bureaucrats and the politicians for the sorry plight of the bangle makers. These people conspire against and exploit the poor bangle makers. They pay them meagre wages, do not let them form co-operatives, and compel their children to join the same trade at an early age. Question.6. What is Mukesh’s dream? Do you think he will be able to fulfil his dream? Why? Why not? (Compartment 2014)

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or What was Mukesh’s dream? In your opinion, did he achieve his dream? (Foreign 2009) or Is it possible for Mukesh to realise his dream? Justify your answer. (All India 2009) Answer. Mukesh’s dream is to become a motor-mechanic. It is no doubt difficult for Mukesh to achieve his dream, as he is torn between his desires and his family tradition, which he cannot escape. Besides, he has to face a number of obstacles in the form of sahukars, middlemen, bureaucrats, law makers, politicians etc. However, his will to work hard, and his strong determination could make him achieve his dream. ‘ Question.7. In spite of despair and disease pervading the lives of the slum children, they are not devoid of hope. How far do you agree? (Delhi 2013) Answer. In spite of growing up amidst despair and disease, children who live in the slum have the desire to achieve something big in life, like Mukesh. This shows that they are not devoid of hope. Saheb, a ragpicker, is eager to go to a school and learn. Mukesh, who works in dark, dingy cells making bangles, dreams of becoming a motor mechanic, which is very much against his family traditlbn. Question.8. Who is Mukesh? What is his dream? (Delhi 2012) Answer. Mukesh is a child labourer who Works in a glass bangle making factory that is situated in Firozabad. Though Mukesh belongs to a poor family which is engaged in bangle making, he dreams of becoming a motor mechanic when he grows up. Question.9. Why could the bangle makers not organise themselves into a cooperative? (All India 2012) Answer. The bangle makers could not organise themselves into a cooperative because they were trapped in the vicious circle of sahukars, middlemen, policemen, up bureaucrats and politicians. If they tried to organise themselves, they would be beaten by up the police and put in jail. Question.10. Mention any two hazards of working in the bangle industry. (Foreign 2011) Answer. The glass bangle industry offers a very unhealthy and hazardous environment to the people working in it. They have to work in the glass furnaces with high temperature in dingy cells without air and light. Workers, including child labourers, lose their eyesight at an early age. Slogging for long, relentless hours also has adverse effects on their bodies. Question.11. Why does the author say that the bangle makers are caught in a vicious web? (All India 2010) Answer. The bangle makers in Firozabad are exploited at the hands of the Sahukars, middlemen, policemen, law makers, bureaucrats and politicians. They toil day and night, but are not paid appropriate wages and are steeped in poverty. They cannot form cooperatives for their betterment. Moreover, their children are also compelled to join the same trade at an early age and cannot dare to take up any other profession. Question.12. Is Saheb happy working at the tea stall? How do you know? (Foreign 2010, All India 2009) Answer. Saheb is not happy working at the tea stall. He is paid a fixed wage of Rs 800, and also receives all his meals free. But the author notices that his face has lost its carefree look, which makes it evident that he is not happy. He has lost his independence, and is no longer his own master. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.1. Give a brief account of life and activities of the people like Saheb-e-Alam settled in Seemapuri. (Delhi 2011) Answer. The author’s acquaintance with Saheb and other barefoot ragpickers introduced her to Seemapuri. It is a slum area located on the periphery of Delhi. The residents of Seemapuri consist of people who left Bangladesh in the 1971 War and are basically refugees. Saheb’s family is among them. The area does not have facilities of sewage, drainage or running water. About 10000 ragpickers live here. Their only means of livelihood is ragpicking, and they treat rags as valuable as gold. These ragpickers have lived here for more than thirty years without any identity. They do not have permits but have ration cards, with which they can get their names on the voter’s list and also buy grains at subsidised rates. Question.2.’Lost Spring’ explains the grinding poverty and traditions that condemn thousands of people to a life of abject poverty. Do you agree? Why/Why not? (All India 2011) Answer. ‘Lost Spring’ is a good narration of grinding poverty and traditions to which thousands of people have succumbed. The story revolves around the pitiable condition of poor children who have been forced to live in slums and work hard in dirty conditions. The story is divided into two parts. The first part tells the writer’s impression about the life of poor ragpickers who have migrated froin Bangladesh, but now have settled in the Seemapuri area of Delhi. The second part narrates the miserable life of the bangle makers in the town of Firozabad. The stark reality of these families is that in spite of back-breaking hard work that they put in, they cannot have two square meals a day. Besides, they are victims of exploitation by those above them and also suffer the consequences of blind belief in traditions. Question.3. The bangle makers of Firozabad make beautiful bangles and make everyone happy but they live and die in squalor. Elaborate. (Delhi 2010) Answer. Firozabad is the hub of India’s glass-blowing industry where families have spent generations making bangles to adorn married women. The stark reality of these families is that in spite of the back breaking hard work that they put in, they cannot have two square meals a day. They work in deplorable conditions and many lose their eyesight early. To top it all, they live in unhygienic conditions where there is a lack of basic amenities too.

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The sad reality is that the workers cannot organise themselves into a cooperative. They are devoid of all enthusiasm and do not dare to dream of anything better. The fear of the police and lack of leadership among themselves have confined them to a vicious circle of poverty, indifference and greed. Thus, while they bring happiness to everyone’s life, their own life is steeped in poverty and squalor. Deep Water Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. Which two incidents in Douglas’ early life made him scared of water? (Compartment 2014) Answer. When Douglas was three or four years old, his father took him to a beach in California. There he was knocked down by strong waves, was almost buried under water, and got breathless. Though he hung on to his father, he was quite frightened. Secondly, when Douglas was ten or eleven, a big bully of a boy tossed him into the deep end of the YMCA pool. He could not come to the surface, in spite of all his efforts, and became panicky. These two incidents made Douglas scared of water. Question.2.Why did Douglas prefer to go to YMCA swimming pool to learn swimming? (Compartment 2014) or Which factors made Douglas to decide in favour of YMCA pool? (All India 2011) Answer. According to Douglas, the YMCA pool was safer compared to the Yakima River. The river was quite deep and there were several cases of drowning reported about it. As against the uncertain depth of the river, the pool was only two or three feet deep at the shallow end. Though its depth was about nine feet at the deeper end, yet the drop was gradual, and Douglas could rely on it. Question.3.What did Douglas feel and do when he was pushed into the swimming pool? (Compartment 2014) or What were the series of emotions and fears that Douglas experienced when he was thrown into the pool? (Foreign 2011) Answer. When Douglas was thrown into the pool, he did not lose heart and planned to push himself up with all his force. He thought that once he came to the surface, he would paddle to the edge of the pool. Thrice, he tried to come to the surface, but unfortunately his strategy did not work and terror gripped him. His lungs were ready to burst; he was breathless and instead of air, sucked water. Question.4.How did his swimming instructor ‘build a swimmer’ out of Douglas? (Compartment 2014) or How did the instructor turn Douglas into a swimmer? (Delhi 2013) Answer. The instructor adopted a systematic method to turn Douglas into a swimmer. He first made Douglas shed his initial fear of water by making him cross a pool suspended by a rope attached to a pulley. The instructor held the other end of the rope and relaxed and tightened it from time to time. Then he taught the narrator to breathe while swimming, and finally the leg movements and other strokes. Question.5. How did Douglas make sure that he conquered the old terror? (All India 2013) Answer. After the instructor had trained Douglas in the art of swimming, Douglas was still not sure of himself. He felt tiny vestiges of the fear now and then. So, he went to Lake Wentworth and swam. Once when terror returned, he challenged it and did not let it overcome him. Finally, Douglas went to the Warm Lake. There he swam and the fear didn’t return to haunt him again. Question.6. What efforts did Douglas make to get over his fear of water? (Delhi 2012) Answer. After several individual attempts to overcome his fear, Douglas finally engaged an instructor. The instructor built a swimmer out of him. But Douglas was not sure. To confirm that the terror would not strike him when he was swimming alone, Douglas decided to go to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire. At last, he made his terror fly away by swimming across the Warm Lake. Question.7. Why was Douglas determined to get over his fear of water? (DeM20ii, 2009) Answer. The misadventure of having a near-drowning experience left a deep mark on Douglas’ mind. The phobia of water hampered all his joys of enjoying different water sports like fishing, canoeing, boating and swimming. He did not want to live with this handicap and so was determined to overcome his fear of water. Question.8. What did Douglas experience when he went down to the bottom of the pool for the first time? (Delhi 2011,2010) Answer. When the author was going down to the bottom of the pool for the first time, those nine feet felt almost like ninety feet. His lungs were ready to burst, but somehow he summoned all his strength and sprang upwards, hoping to reach the surface, but he didn’t pop up to the surface like a cork, as he had imagined. When he opened his eyes he saw nothing but water, his hands too grabbed only water. Question.9. Why did Douglas go to Lake Wentworth in New Hampshire? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Douglas was not satisfied with his practice so he decided to go to Lake Wentworth. There when he was swimming in themiddle of the lake, only once did the terror return, but he finally overcame it, and it made him feel better. Question.10.When Douglas realised that he was sinking, how did he plan to save himself? (Delhi 2010) Answer. When a big boy threw Douglas into the water, he went straight down. He was completely frightened. Still, he did not lose his wits and thought of a strategy to make a big jump when his feet touched the bottom, so that he

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could reach the surface. He even thought that he would lie flat on the surface and finally paddle to the edge of the pool. Question.11. What sort of terror seized Douglas as he went down the water with a yellow glow? How could he feel that he was still alive ? (Delhi 2010) Answer. When Douglas found himself deep down into the water with a yellow glow, stark terror gripped him. The terror ripped him apart and he had no control over it. He felt paralysed, stiff and rigid with fear. Even the screams in his throat were frozen. It was only his throbbing heart that made him realise that he was still alive. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.1. “I crossed to oblivion, and the curtain of life fell.” What was the incident which nearly killed Douglas and developed in him a strong aversion to water? (Foreign 2014) Answer. The incident which nearly killed Douglas occurred when he was ten or eleven years old. He had decided to learn swimming at the YMCA pool, and thus get rid of his fear of water. One . morning, when he was alone at the pool, waiting for others, a big bully of a boy tossed him into the deep end of the pool. Though he had planned a strategy to save himself as he went down, his plan did not work. He went down to the bottom and became panicky. Thrice he struggled hard to come to the surface, but failed each time. He was almost drowned in the pool. He lost his consciousness and felt that he would die. Though he was ultimately saved, this misadventure developed in him a strong aversion to water. Question.2. Douglas fully realised the truth of Roosevelt’s statement, “All we have to fear is fear itself.” How did this realisation help him brush aside his fear and become an expert swimmer? (Foreign 2014) Answer. Douglas had experienced both the sensation of dying and the terror that the fear of death can cause. Strong will, hard determination, courage and toil as well as honest labour won over all his terrors and fears. The will to live brushed aside all his fears. In reality all our fears are only psychological, and can be easily won over, if we can control our mind. This realisation makes Douglas resolve to learn swimming by engaging an instructor. This instructor, piece by piece, built Douglas into a swimmer. However, his first step was to drive away Douglas’ fear of water, before training him in swimming techniques. When Douglas tried and swam the length of the pool up and down, small traces of his old terror of water would return. So, he went to Lake Wentworth, dived at Triggs Island and swam two miles across the lake to Stamp Act Island. Finally, he was certain that he had conquered his fear of water. Question.3. Desire, determination and diligence lead to success. Explain the value of these qualities in the light of Douglas’ experience in ‘Deep Water.’ (Compartment2014) Answer. The terror of water followed Douglas wherever he went. To get rid of it, he made a strong determination. He decided to overcome his fear through his “will.” He engaged an instructor who would perfect him in swimming. The instructor first helped him drive away his fear, and then gave him many exercises besides teaching him to exhale and inhale in water. The practice went on for months together, during which his fear came back to haunt him, but his desire and firm will made him persist in his- efforts. It was only through sheer determination and diligence that Douglas could not only counter his terror, but also become an expert swimmer. He swam across and back lakes to ensure that his fear of water did not return. He had now completely lost his fear. His desire, determination and diligence succeeded in banishing his fear of water. Question.4. How did Douglas develop an aversion to water? (Ddhi20i2) or “…….there was terror in my heart at the overpowering force of the waves.” When did Douglas start fearing water? Which experience had further strengthened its hold on his mind and personality? (All India 2010) Answer. Douglas developed an aversion to water in his early childhood, When he was three or four years old, his father took him to a beach in California. The waves knocked him down and swept over him. He was buried in water. He was frightened but his father was laughing. Perhaps this was the moment his fear of water took root inside his mind. Further, when Douglas was ten or eleven years old, he decided to learn to swim and went to the YMCA pool. Here an incident took place that finally established his aversion to water as a big fear. One day when Douglas was alone at the pool sitting on the edge and waiting for others to come, a big boy of 18 years of age threw him into the deep end of the pool. What followed was a nightmarish experience for him. Douglas tried very, hard and applied all his knowledge to come to the surface of the water but to no avail. Somehow, he was saved. Thus after this fearful incident, his fear of water got implanted in his heart and mind permanently. Question.5. How did the instructor make Douglas a good swimmer? (All India 2012) Answer. To overcome his fear of water, Douglas finally decided to get an instructor to learn swimming. The instructor started working with him five days a week, an hour each day. The instructor put a belt around Douglas. A rope was attached to the belt that went through a pulley that ran on an overhead cable. The instructor held on to the end of the rope and , along with Douglas went back and forth, across the pool, hour after hour, day after day, week after week. On each trip across the pool a bit of panic seized Douglas. It took almost three months before the tension reduced. Then the instructor taught him to put his face under the water and exhale and to raise his nose and inhale. For

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weeks, his instructor made him kick with his legs. Until, he was able to command his legs at his will. In this way, piece by piece, his instructor made Douglas a swimmer. When Douglas perfected each piece, his instructor put them together into an integrated one. As a result, in nearly six months Douglas was able to swim, dive, crawl and so on. The Rattrap Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks; 30-40 words) Question.1. In what sense was the world a big rattrap according to the peddler? (Compartment 2014) or Why did the peddler think that the world was a rattrap? (All India 2009) Answer. The peddler was a very poor man who earned his living by selling rattraps he made himself from the materials he got by begging. His mind, thus, was always preoccupied with rattraps. One day, he suddenly thought of the whole world was a big rattrap. He felt that the shelter, food, clothes, riches and joys that the world provided were all baits set to entrap man just as a rattrap offered cheese or meat to entrap rats. As soon as one was trapped, everything came to an end. Question.2. Why did the peddler derive pleasure from his idea of the world as a rattrap? (Delhi 2014; Modified) Answer. The world had never been kind to the poor peddler. Wherever he went, he was greeted with sour faces and was turned or chased away. Therefore, he derived pleasure from thinking ill of the world in this way. Moreover, he perhaps envied those whose lot was better than his, and was rather amused to think that some day they too would be tempted by the bait and be caught in the Tattrap. Question.3. Why did the peddler knock on the cottage by the roadside? How was he treated by the Owner Of the cottage? (Compartment 2014) Answer. The peddler knocked on the cottage by the roadside to seek shelter for the night. The owner of the cottage was a crofter who lived there alone. He regarded the peddler as welcome company and treated him quite hospitably. He not only put him up for the night, but also offered him food and played cards with him. Question.4. Why did Edla plead with her father not to send the vagabond away? (All India 2014; Modified) or Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him? (NCERT) Answer. Edla had always thought the peddler to be a poor, homeless tramp. Therefore, she didn’t feel cheated when his true identity was revealed. Instead, she felt very bad for him and his miserable condition, and pleaded on his behalf. She and her father had promised him Christmas cheer, and she felt that it would be wrong to send him away. Question.5. What conclusion did the ironmaster reach when he heard that the crofter had been robbed by the peddler? (Compartment 2014) Answer. It was at the church th$t the ironmaster and his daughter heard that the crofter had been robbed by a peddler, who, no doubt, was the one they had sheltered at the manor house. The ironmaster at once concluded that the peddler would probably have stolen all his silverware in their absence, and rdn away. Question.6. What was the content of the letter written by the peddler to Edla? (Foreign 2014) Answer. The peddler had written that since Edla had treated him like a captain, he wanted to be nice to her in return. He did not want her to be embarrassed at Christmas by a thief. He had requested that the crofter’s money that he had stolen be returned. He further wrote that the rattrap was a Christmas present from a rat who would have been caught in the world’s rattrap, if he had not been raised to the status of captain, which motivated him to reform himself. Question.7. What were the contents of the package left by the peddler as Christmas gift for Edla Willmansson? (Compartment 2014) Answer. The package left by the peddler as a Christmas gift for Edla Willmansson comprised a small rattrap with three wrinkled ten kronor notes in it, which the peddler had robbed from the crofter. It also contained a brief letter for Edla explaining the peddler’s conduct. Question.8. Why did the peddler decline the invitation of the ironmaster? (Delhi 2012) Answer.The ironmaster has mistaken the peddler for an old regimental comrade and invited him home. The peddler declined the invitation because he was carrying the money he had stolen from the crofter. He knew that if the ironmaster discovered his identity, he would hand him over to the police. Therefore, for him, going to the manor house was like walking into a lion’s den. Question.9. Who was the owner of Ramsjo iron mills? Why did he visit the mills at night? (All India 2012) Answer.The owner of the Ramsjo iron mills was an ex-army man and an ambitious and prominent ironmaster. He was very particular about the quality of his products, and visited the mills even at night to make sure that good iron was shipped out from his mills. Question.10.How did the ironmaster react on seeing the stranger lying close to the furnace? (All India 2012) Answer. When the ironmaster saw a stranger in rags lying close to the furnace, he went near him and removed his slouch hat to get a better view of his face. Due to dim light in the forge and the peddler’s dirty appearance, he mistook him to be Nils Olof, an old acquaintance of his regiment. He was delighted to see him and invited him home for Christmas.

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Question.11.Why did the stranger not tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof? (All India 2012) Answer. The stranger did not tell the ironmaster that he was not Nils Olof because he thought that if the gentleman believed that he was an old friend or acquaintance of his, then he might take pity on him and help him with some money. Question.12.Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler? (Delhi 2012) Answer. The old crofter was lonfly and leading a dreary existence as he had no wife or children. He was happy to get someone to talk to and share his thoughts with, even though it was a tramp. So he welcomed the peddler who was quite a patient listener, and extended his hospitality to him. Question.13.Why was the peddler surprised when he knocked on the door of the cottage? (All India 2011) Answer. The peddler had never been treated kindly by the world. He was meted out cold treatment wherever he went. He was pleasantly surprised when the crofter greeted him with warmth and hospitality. Ordinarily, he always met ‘sour faces’ when he knocked for shelter and food, and was usually turned away. Question.14.Why did the peddler keep to the woods after leaving the crofter’s cottage? How did he feel?(All India 2011) Answer. After stealing the money from the crofter’s, the peddler was cautious to. avoid the public, highway lest he be identified and caught. He got into the woods but finally realised that it was a big and confusing forest. The end of the forest was nowhere in sight and he felt lost. That’s when he recalled his thoughts about the world being a rattrap and he realised that he had indeed become a victim of a rattrap. Question.15.What made the peddler finally change his ways? (All India 2010) Answer. The peddler believed in giving back to the world what he received from it. He was always treated with contempt and hostility and so he never did anything good. However, Edla’s kind and caring behaviour finally changed him. She had treated him with love and respect befitting a captain, even after realising that he was a poor vagabond. The trust that Edla showed in him made him change his ways and he decided to live with dignity and respect. Question.16.Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler? (All India 2010) Answer. Edla felt very dejected when she came to know about the theft of the crofter’s money by the peddler, but the gift left behind, which consisted of a small rattrap and three wrinkled ten kronor notes, restored her faith in him. She felt happy because her trust in him had been justified. Her kindness had finally changed the peddler and brought out his essential goodness. Question.17.”Edla sat and hung her head even more dejectedly than usual.” Which two reasons forced her to behave in that manner? (Foreign 2010) Answer. Edla had shown kindness to the peddler even after knowing that he was not a captain. This was.the reason why she felt all the more dejected when she came to know that the peddler whom she had sheltered was actually a thief, who had recently robbed a crofter. Secondly, she also felt bad because the peddler had disproved the faith which she had shown in him. Question.18. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle? (All India 2009) Answer. The peddler owed his transformation to the kind treatment meted out to him by Edla. In spite of knowing the truth about him, she had honoured and treated him like a captain. She had awakened the latent goodness in his heart. He wanted to repay Edla for her kindness. His signing himself as Captain von Stahle shows that he wanted to retain the dignity and respect accorded to him. Question.14.Why did the peddler keep to the woods after leaving the crofter’s cottage? How did he feel?(All India 2011) Answer. After stealing the money from the crofter’s, the peddler was cautious to. avoid the public, highway lest he be identified and caught. He got into the woods but finally realised that it was a big and confusing forest. The end of the forest was nowhere in sight and he felt lost. That’s when he recalled his thoughts about the world being a rattrap and he realised that he had indeed become a victim of a rattrap. Question.15.What made the peddler finally change his ways? (All India 2010) Answer. The peddler believed in giving back to the world what he received from it. He was always treated with contempt and hostility and so he never did anything good. However, Edla’s kind and caring behaviour finally changed him. She had treated him with love and respect befitting a captain, even after realising that he was a poor vagabond. The trust that Edla showed in him made him change his ways and he decided to live with dignity and respect. Question.16.Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler? (All India 2010) Answer. Edla felt very dejected when she came to know about the theft of the crofter’s money by the peddler, but the gift left behind, which consisted of a small rattrap and three wrinkled ten kronor notes, restored her faith in him. She felt happy because her trust in him had been justified. Her kindness had finally changed the peddler and brought out his essential goodness. Question.17.”Edla sat and hung her head even more dejectedly than usual.” Which two reasons forced her to behave in that manner? (Foreign 2010) Answer. Edla had shown kindness to the peddler even after knowing that he was not a captain. This was.the reason why she felt all the more dejected when she came to know that the peddler whom she had sheltered was actually a thief, who had recently robbed a crofter. Secondly, she also felt bad because the peddler had disproved the faith which she had shown in him.

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Question.18. Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain von Stahle? (All India 2009) Answer. The peddler owed his transformation to the kind treatment meted out to him by Edla. In spite of knowing the truth about him, she had honoured and treated him like a captain. She had awakened the latent goodness in his heart. He wanted to repay Edla for her kindness. His signing himself as Captain von Stahle shows that he wanted to retain the dignity and respect accorded to him. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.1. How did the peddler feel after robbing the crofter? What course did he adopt and how did he react to the new situation? What does his reaction reveal? (Delhi 2013) Answer. The crofter had treated the peddler with hospitality, and had even reposed his trust in the poor vagabond. Still the peddler robbed him and was quite pleased with his smartness. However, the fear of getting caught haunted him. So, he avoided the public highway and turned into the woods. It was a big and confusing forest, and due to the approaching darkness, the peddler lost his way. He got exhausted moving around the same place, and was filled with despair. He began to feel that the forest was like a big rattrap and the thirty kronor he had stolen were like a bait set to tempt him. His reaction reveals that he was feeling guilty for having stolen the crofter’s money. His , heart was filled with remorse and self-loathing for his act of weakness. However, his thoughts are perhaps also a way of justifying his crime. Question.2. The story, The Rattrap’ is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with this statement? Why/Why not? (Foreign 2011) Answer. The story, ‘The Rattrap’ is indeed, both entertaining and philosophical. The fast-paced narrative in the third person, generous use of dialogue by the author and different characters belonging to different mindsets and locales make the story interesting and entertaining. Besides, the author has managed to keep up the suspense till the end. The incidents in the forge, with the ironmaster coming at midnight, hold our attention. The peddler’s incessant refusals to the ironmaster to accompany him, but his accepting Edla’s invitation in one go, the ironmaster’s realisation of his mistake, and Edla’s sympathy and generosity, all make the story quite gripping. While all the above events make the story interesting, there is also an element of philosophy in the story. Somewhere, the peddler’s theory of the world being a rattrap is true. One feels caught up like a rat in the entrappings of the world. Some people fall into this trap never to come out of it again. The story teaches us that, as human beings, we are not above temptations. Question.3. The story focuses on human loneliness and the need to bond with others. Explain. (Delhi 2010) Answer. All. the characters in the story suffer from loneliness and are dreary souls. First of all, the tramp appears to lead a sad, monotonous existence, left to his own musings. He is always greeted by sour faces and cold words. The old crofter’s fate has been somewhat kinder to him. Bereft of his wife and children, he lives all alone in a cottage by the roadside, and is rather happy to have visitors around. We also have the ironmaster and his daughter, Edla, who have no company for Christmas. The ironmaster’s wife is dead and his sons are settled abroad. He, with his daughter, are happy to play hosts for his friend. Thus, all of them have a strong desire for bonding and comradeship. The crofter is happy to be friends with the peddler, although only for a nig^it. It is the bonding with the ironmaster’s daughter that transforms the peddler. The love, understanding and dignity that he gets from the girl makes him leave his dishonest ways and redeem himself. Question.4. Give examples from the story, The Rattrap’ to show how the ironmaster is different from his daughter. (Delhi 2009) or Compare and contrast the character of the ironmaster with that of his daughter. (Delhi 2008) Answer. The character of the ironmaster was very different from that of his daughter. He was an ambitious and arrogant man. When he saw the peddler, he mistook him for his old regimental comrade, and invited him home, but this was more out of his sense of pride than out of sympathy or generosity. When the ironmaster realised that he had been mistaken, he called the peddler dishonest and threatened to call the Sheriff. When he learnt that the peddler was a thief, he was ‘ worried about his own silverware. On the other hand, Edla, the ironmaster’s daughter, was a kind and compassionate lady who was really sympathetic and considerate towards the peddler right from the beginning. She treated him with respect and dignity even after knowing that he was not a captain. It was her generous attitude which finally changed the peddler, bringing out the essential goodness of his nature. Indigo Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to court was useless? (Delhi 2014 Modified) Answer. When Gandhiji got to know about the plight of the peasant groups in Champaran from his discussion with the lawyers, he came to the conclusion that the poor peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken that law courts were useless in their case. Going to courts overburdened the sharecroppers with heavy litigation expenses. What really needed to be done was to make them free from fear. Question.2. How did the Champaran peasants react when they heard that a Mahatma had come to help them? (Compartment 2014)

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Answer. When the Champaran peasants heard that a Mahatma had come to help them, they assembled in Motihari in large number. Thousands of peasants held a demonstration around the courthouse where Gandhiji was supposed to appear. The crowd was so uncontrollable that the officials felt powerless, and Gandhiji himself helped the authorities to regulate the crowd. Question.3. What made the Lieutenant Governor drop the case against Gandhiji? (Compartment 2014) Answer. When Gandhiji was asked to appear in the court in Motihari, thousands of peasants held a demonstration arounck the courthouse. The officials felt helpless and the government was baffled. The trial was postponed, as the judge didn’t want to aggravate the situation. He held up the sentence for several days, after which Gandhiji was released without bail. All these events made the Lieutenant Governor drop the case against Gandhiji. Question.4. Why did Gandhiji oppose when his friend Andrews offered to stay in Champaran and help the peasants? (Foreign 2014) or Why did Gandhiji object to CF Andrews’ stay in Champaran? (Foreign 2009) Answer. CF Andrews, an English pacifist, was a devoted follower of Gandhiji. The lawyers thought that bejng an Englishman, Andrews could be of immense help to them in their cause of fighting the battle of Champaran. Gandhiji, however,.was against this because he felt that enlisting an Englishman’s help showed weakness. Their cause was just, and they had to win the battle by relying on themselves. This would make them self-reliant. Question.5. Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be a turning point in his life? (All India 2011) Answer. The Champaran episode began as an attempt to alleviate the distress of poor peasants. Ultimately it proved to be a turning point in Gandhiji’s life because it was a loud proclaimation that made the British realise that Gandhiji could not be ordered about in his own country. It infused courage to question British authority in the masses and laid the foundation of non-cooperation as a new tool to fight the British tooth and nail. Question.6. What did the peasants pay to the British landlords as rent? (Foreign 2011) Answer. The British landlords had entered into a long-term contract with the farmers according to which they compelled all tenants to plant 15% of their holdings with indigo. The sharecroppers had to surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent. Question.7.Why did Gandhiji decide to go to Muzaffarpur before going to Champaran? (Foreign 2011) Answer. Rajkumar Shukla had given quite a lot of information to Gandhiji about the indigo sharecroppers of Champaran. However, Gandhiji wished to obtain more complete information about the conditions than Shukla had imparted. He visited Muzaffarpur, which was en route to Champaran, to inquire from the lawyers there about the issue, as they frequently represented the peasant groups in the court. Question.8.Why do you think the servants thought Gandhi to be another peasant? (Delhi 2010) Answer. The servants knew that Rajkumar Shukla was a poor farmer who pestered their master to help the indigo sharecroppers. Since Gandhiji accompanied Shukla and was dressed simply, they mistook him for a peasant. Gandhiji’s modesty and unassertiveness also led to the assumption that he was a peasant. Question.9.”The battle of Champaran is won!.” What led Gandhiji to make this remark? (Foreign 2010) Answer. The lawyers first decided to return home if Gandhiji. was arrested. But they soon realised their mistake. When they declared that they would fight for the peasants’ cause in the event of Gandhiji’s arrest and volunteered to court arrest for the cause of the sharecroppers, Gandhiji was very pleased and exclaimed, “The battle of Champaran is won!.” Question.10.Why did Gandhi agree to the planters’ offer of a 25% refund to the farmers? (Delhi 2009) Answer. Gandhiji agreed to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers in order to break the deadlock between the landlords and peasants. For him the amount of the refund was not very important. The fact that the landlords had been obliged to surrender a part of their money as well as their prestige gave a moral victory to the farmers. Thus, Gandhiji not only made the landlords accept their dishonesty but also made the farmers learn a lesson in defending their rights with courage. Question.11.How was Gandhi able to influence the lawyers? Give instances. (All India 2009) or Hbw was Gandhiji able to influence the lawyers? (All India 2008) Answer. Gandhiji’s sincerity towards the peasants’ cause and convincing arguments and negotiations, thoroughly influenced the lawyers. He chided them for overcharging the peasants and encouraged them to court arrest for the peasants’ noble cause. He even rejected their proposal to seek Mr Andrews help in their battle against the Britishers in order to be self-reliant and independent. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 Words) Question.1. Why is the Champaran episode considered to be the beginning of the Indian struggle for independence? (All India 2014 Modified) Answer. The Champaran episode was one of the major events in the struggle for independence. It was in the course of this small but significant movement that Gandhiji decided to urge the departure of the British from India. A close examination of the problems of the Champaran peasants opened Gandhiji’s eyes to the unjust policies of the British. He realised that people had to be made free from fear and only then could they be freed from foreign oppression. The spontaneous demonstration of the people proved that Gandhiji had the nation’s support in his fight against the Britishers. It also aroused patriotism in the heart of the Indians. The triumph of The.civil disobedience at Champaran motivated the launching of the movement on a large scale

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during the freedom movement. Gandhiji’s winning the case of the sharecroppers proved that British authority could be challenged. Hence, the Champaran episode served as a stepping stone to the Indian struggle for independence. Question.2.Gandhiji’s loyalty was not a loyalty to abstractions; it was a loyalty to living human beings. Why did Gandhiji continue his stay in Champaran even after indigo sharecropping disappeared? (All India 2014 Modified) Answer. After the Champaran battle was won and the land reverted to the peasants, Gandhiji continued to stay on in the region. His loyalty was, indeed, to living human beings and he realised that a lot needed to be done for the upliftment of the peasants in the villages of Champaran. Gandhiji took the initiative and began the work of eradicating their cultural and social backwardness. Primary schools were started so that the poor peasants and their children could be educated. Gandhiji appealed to teachers, and many of his disciples, including his wife and son, volunteered for the work. Health conditions in the area were also miserable. Gandhiji got a doctor to volunteer his services for six months. All this-goes to prove that Gandhiji’s loyalty was not to abstractions, but his politics was always intertwined with the practical day to day problems of the millions. Question.3.Describe how, according to Louis Fischer, Gandhiji succeeded in his Champaran campaign. (Compartment 2014) Answer. The Champaran campaign was an attempt to free the poor peasants of Champaran from injustice and exploitation at the hands of the Britishers. Gandhiji succeeded in this campaign using his method of satyagraha and non-violence. He visited Muzaffarpur to obtain complete information about the actual condition of the sharecroppers. He first appealed to the concerned authorities, but when there was no positive response, he organised a mass civil , disobedience movement with the support of the peasants. Gandhiji’s main objective was to remove the fear of the British landlords from the heart of the poor peasants and mould a new free Indian, who could participate in the freedom movement of the country. He made the peasants aware of their rights and gave them a new-found confidence for fighting their own battles. He also taught them to be self-reliant by refusing to take the help of CF Andrews, his English friend. Question.4.Why did Gandhiji agree to a settlement of 25% refund to the farmers? How did it influence the peasant-landlord relationship in Champaran? (All India 2ol3) Answer. Under an ancient arrangement, the peasants of Champaran were sharecroppers. The landlords forced the Indian tenants to plant 15% of their holding with indigo and surrender the entire indigo harvest as rent. After Germany developed synthetic indigo, the landlords wanted to dissolve the agreement, as synthetic indigo would be cheaper. They asked the peasants for compensation to release them from this arrangement. Most of them signed it willingly, but felt cheated after they learned about synthetic indigo. Gandhiji fought their case and the evidence that he collected was so overwhelming that the landlords were asked to repay. When Gandhiji asked for 50% repayment, the landlords offered to pay only 25%, as they wanted to create a deadlock, and thus prolong the dispute. To everybody surprise, Gandhiji agreed to a refund of only 25%. Gandhiji explained that the amount of refundwas not important. What mattered was that the landlords were obliged to surrender a part of their money and with it, part of their prestige. Question.5. Give an account of Gandhiji’s efforts to secure justice for the poor indigo sharecroppers of Champaran. (All India 2012) Answer. In the course of his journey to Champaran with Rajkumar Shukla, Gandhiji stayed at Muzaffarpur where he met the lawyers and concluded that fighting through courts was not going to solve the problem of the poor sharecroppers of Champaran. He declared that the real relief for them was to be free from fear. With this intention, he arrived in Champaran and contacted the Secretary of the British Landlord’s association. The Secretary refused to provide him any information. After this, Gandhiji met the Commissioner of the Tirhut division who served a notice on him to immediately leave Tirhut. Gandhiji accepted the notice by signing it and wrote on it that he would not obey the order. He was even willing to court arrest for the cause of the peasants. After four rounds of talks with-the Governor, an official commission of inquiry was appointed in which Gandhiji was made the sole representative of the peasants. Through this commission Gandhiji succeeded in getting 25% of the compensation award for the poor sharecroppers from the British landowners. Question.6. The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhiji’s life. Elucidate. (All India 2012) Answer. Gandhiji himself accepted the proposition that the Champaran episode was a turning point in his life. It was then that he decided to urge the departure of the British from India. In fact the Champaran episode was the first experiment of civil disobedience in India. When Gandhiji was on his way to Champaran, he stayed in Muzaffarpur, where he met the lawyers who were fighting cases for the sharecroppers. The peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken . that Gandhiji concluded that law courts were useless. The real relief for them was to be free from fear. The spontaneous demonstration by the peasants showed that they were instilled with a new strength and spirit. Gandhiji showed the poor peasants how to fight the British with ‘satyagraha’. He made them aware of their power and the power of ahimsa. All this laid the foundation of his future movements and served as a great source of strength and motivation for all Indians. Going Places Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 Words)

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Question.1. Why is Sophie attracted to Danny Casey? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Danny Casey is a young and successful football player from Ireland. He is also quite handsome, which adds to his popularity among his fans, especially young giris of Sophie’s age. Naturally, Sophie is attracted to him. Besides, her family members are also huge football fans and Casey is a hero for them. Question.2. How are Jansie and-Sophie different from each other? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Jansie and Sophie have contrasting characters and an altogether different approach towards life. Jansie is quite practical and her feet are grounded in reality, whereas Sophie is a daydreamer and lives in an imaginary world. Jansie is mature and accepts the truth that people of their stature can only become workers in a biscuit factory. On the other hand, Sophie tries to escape from reality and dreams of becoming an actress, a manager or a fashion designer. Question.3. Why did Sophie long for her brother’s affection? (All India 2014) or Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? (Delhi 2013) Answer. Sophie found in her brother, Geoff a patient listener to all her fantasies and also one she could confide in. The otjier members of her family and even her friend Jansie made fun of her fantastic stories. This made her quite fond of Geoff. She also looked upon Geoff as someone widely travelled. His world remained a fascination for her and she longed that someday he might take her thera Question.4. Did Geoff keep up his promise? How do you know? (All India 2013) or Did Geoff keep his promise to Sophie? How do you know? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Geoff didn’t keep his promise to Sophie. Sophie told Geoff about her meeting with Danny Casey at the Royce’s. Geoff told the story to Frank who in turn told his sister, Jansie, about it. However, Geoif never revealed the full story, as he did not tell anyone about Sophie’s supposed’date’with Danny Casey. Question.5. Why was Sophie jealous of Geoff’s silence? Answer. Geoff never spoke much. Sophie always pondered over the areas of his life which he never talked about. His world remained a fascination for her. She felt that when he was not speaking, his mind was away at some unknown place, and so she felt jealous of him. Question.6. Why did Sophie not want Jansie to know anything about her meeting with Danny Casey? (All India 2012) or Why didn’t Sophie want Jansie to know about her story with Danny? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Sophie did not want Jansie to know anything about her meeting with Danny Casey because she knew that Jansie was a blabber mouth. The moment Jansie knew of someone’s secret, the whole neighbourhood would get to know of it. Sophie did not want to be ridiculed before others. Question.7. How did Sophie’s father react when Geoff told him about her meeting with Danny Casey?(Delhi 2011) Answer. Sophie’s father is a realist to the core. He does not believe in Sophie’s story at all and dismisses it as another of her wild fantasies. When Geoff tells him about Sophie’s chance encounter with Danny Casey, the Irish prodigy, he expresses disdain and rubbishes her story. He changes the topic by saying that he once knew a man who knew another famous English footballer named Tom Finney. He warns Sophie that such concocted stories would land her intp trouble some day. Question.8. What thoughts came to Sophie’s mind as she sat by the canal? (All India 2011) Answer. Sophie felt doubts stirring inside her, as she sat by the canal waiting for Danny Casey. When she saw no sign of him, she remembered Geoff’s words that Casey would not come. She wonders what she would tell her family. She thinks that Geoff would be disappointed. She is saddened by the fact that she will never be able to show her family that they are wrong to cast doubts on her. Question.9. Which was the only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person? (All India 2011) Answer. The only occasion when Sophie got to see Danny Casey in person was when she went to watch the match with her family. Sitting amongst the spectators, Sophie saw Casey from a distance. The power of her imagination was such that she concocted a story of her brief encounter with him and almost got an autograph from him. Question.10.Why did Jansie discourage Sophie from entertaining thoughts about the sports- star, Danny Casey? (All India 2011) Answer. Jansie was a realist, and not a daydreamer like Sophie. She discouraged Sophie from having such dreams because her dreams were wild and impossible. She had neither the means nor the skills to achieve them. She feels sad because she knows that both of them will have to work at the biscuit factory after they pass out of school. It was preposterous for her to live in such a dream world and it could lead to depression or low self-esteem. Question.11.Why did Sophie wriggle when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey? (Foreign 2011) Answer. When Geoff told her father about Sophie’s chance encounter with Danny Casey, Sophie wriggled because she knew that her father wouldn’t believe it. Her father was a practical, realistic person and Sophie was sure that he would be angry with her and reprimand her for concocting such stories. She feared that she would have to add more details to the story to make it sound authentic. Question.12.”Damn that Geoff, this was Geoff thing, not a Jansie thing,” Why did Sophie say so? (Delhi 2010)

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Answer. Sophie knew that her classmate Jansie poked her nose into every matter, She was a rumour monger. Jansie came to know about the Sophie-Casey encounter through Frank, her brother, who was friends with Geoff. Sophie was annoyed with Geoff because this story was meant only for him. Sophie knew that Jansie would spread this information like wildfire and it could draw lots of people to her house to enquire about Casey. Question.13.Does Geoff believe what Sophie says about her meeting with Danny Casey? (All India 2010) Answer. Geoff does not believe Sophie’s story about her meeting with Danny Casey, the Irish football star. Although he had a strong bond with his sister, as she shared all her secrets with him, he dismissed the whole story as a most unlikely thing. He does not hesitate to tell her that Casey would never keep his promise of meeting her again to give her his autograph. Question.14.What did Sophie imagine about her meeting with Danny Casey? (All India 2008) Answer. Sophie imagines that she has met Danny Casey, the Irish football prodigy, at Royce’s. She cooks up details about his appearance and says that she asked him for an autograph but could not get it as neither of them had paper or pen. They talked for a while about the clothes in the shop. Casey promised to meet her again next week. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.1. Has Sophie met Danny Casey? What details of her meeting with Danny Casey did she narrate to her brother? (Delhi 2014 Modified) or Did Sophie really meet Danny Casey? (NCERT) Answer. No Sophie has never re&lly met Danny Casey. She has just seen Danny Casey on the field when she went to watch team United play a football match. There, she was one of the spectators and could see Casey playing only from a distance. However, Sophie lives in an imaginary world. Casey was a young sportstar and Sophie worshipped him as her hero. Her meeting with Casey was just another of her wild fantasies. She was so engrossed in her daydreams that what she imagined seemed real to her. Sophie told her brother Geoff that she met Casey near Royce’s. As she was looking at the clothes, Casey came and stood beside her. She wanted to take his autograph for her younger brother’Derek, but neither of them had a pen or paper. Casey then suggested that they could meet again next week, and then he would also give his autograph. Question.2. What were Sophie’s plans for her future? Why would you call her dreams unrealistic? (Delhi 2014; Modified) Answer. Sophie planned to open a boutique after she passed out of school. When Jansie told her that it would require a lot of money, she said that she would become a manager and save money ! for her boutique. She later also added that she would either become an actress or a fashion designer. For a girl from a lower middle class family such dreams are certainly far from reality. Sophie’s friend Jansie, who is quite practical, knows that they will ultimately have to work in the biscuit factory. She even dissuades Sophie from indulging in such childish fantasies. Sophie wants to materialise all those things which were simply not possible practically. Never for once in the story does the girl think practically or come out of her dream world. Question.3. Sophie was a dreamer. The lesson ‘Going Places’ reminds us that mere dreams will not help us to accomplish anything. What qualities, do you think, would help Sophie to realise her dreams? (Foreign 2014) Answer. Sophie lives in a world of dreams, which is far from reality. It is not unreasonable to have high hopes and ambitions for one’s future, but such dreaming can be justified only when one is prepared to work hard to realise one’s dreams. Sophie too needs to work hard to achieve her dreams, instead of just imagining a bright and successful future for herself, or fantasising about her meeting with Danny Casey. She should accept the reality that she belongs to a middle class working family. Initially, she would face some difficulties because of her poor financial condition, but if she persists with sincere devotion, she could certainly raise her status to the level from where she would actually have the company of successful .people like Danny Casey. Besides, with better educational qualifications, increased opportunities, hard work and more savings, she could even own a boutique in futufe. Question.4. Attempt a character sketch of Sophie as a woman who lives in her dreams. (Delhi 2012) Answer. Sophie has been portrayed as the central character in the story ‘Going Places’. She perfectly represents the girls of her age who live in poor families. Sophie always lives in a dream world, dreaming impossible things. The opening scene of the story clearly tells what sort of girl she is. She is not ready to accept the reality of her family’s condition and dreams of having a boutique of her own. She makes up the story of meeting Danny Casey, a charming and upcoming footballer. Nobody believes her but she refuses to accept that it is her dream. Rather, she starts believing that she has met him and to prove that she is telling the truth, she makes up another story that she has fixed a date with him. She is so lost in her dreams that she actually goes to the canal and waits for him. He does not show up. She knows that he will not come, but still she becomes sad. Such is the character of Sophie. Question.5.Contrast Sophie’s real world with her fantasies. (Delhi 2009) Answer. The story ‘Going Places’ is a journey into the dream world of the protagonist, a schoolgirl named Sophie who drifts from one dream to another. The world of dreams is so fascinating for her that even her wildest thoughts can find refuge it. Sophie finds the reality of her life too harsh to accept. She belongs to a lower middle class family where nobody

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encourages her to dream of better prospects. Still she dreams of owning the best boutique, becoming a manager in some store or at other times becoming an actress or a fashion designer. In her dream world, she visits the Royce’s, meets Danny Casey, the sports icon, and even fixes up a date with him. It’s all in her mind but she considers it true and actually waits for him to show up at a specified spot and time. The flight of her imagination is such that it flips from one dream to another, from one place to the other.

C.SUPPLEMENTARY READER  The Tiger King Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  The Enemy Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  On The Face of It Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  Evans Tries An O-Level Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English  Evans Tries An O-Level Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English The Tiger King Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1.What gave the astrologers the greatest surprise of their life while they were studying the horoscope of the ten-day old prince? (Foreign 2014) Answer. When the astrologers were reading the horoscope of the little prince, they were taken by surprise when the ten-day old infant asked about the manner of his death. When the chief astrologer told him that a tiger would be the cause of his death, the baby retorted with arrogance, “Let the tigers beware!” Question.2.How did the Maharaja please a high ranking officer? (Compartment 2014) Answer. A high ranking British officer visited the state of Pratibandapuram and sought permission for tiger hunting from the Maharaja. The Maharaja declined his request, but as he did not want to upset the officer, he sent fifty diamond rings to the officer’s wife which cost the king three , lakh rupees. Question.3.Why did the Maharaja ban tiger hunting in the state? (Delhi 2014) Answer. As the prince was crowned the king, the astrologer’s prediction regarding his (the king’s) death by a tiger reached his ears. This prompted the Maharaja to kill a tiger but the astrologer informed him that he had to successfully kill hundred tigers to escape the prophecy. Thus, in order to reach that mark, the Maharaja banned tiger hunting in the state except for himself. Question.4. Why did the Maharaja decide to get married? (Compartment 2014) or What is the reason lor the Tiger King’s sudden decision to marry? (Compartment 2014) Answer. In order to defeat the astrologer’s prophecy, the Maharaja had to kill a hundred tigers. He had already killed seventy tigers and the tiger population in his state neared extinction. For this reason, he wished to marry a girl in the royal family of a state with a rich tiger population, where he would kill the rest of the tigers. Question.5. Why did the Maharaja double the land tax? (All India 2014) Answer. The Maharaja had successfully killed ninety-nine tigers but struggled hard to find the hundredth tiger. Once, there came a news of a tiger being spotted at a hillside village but it turned out to be untrue. This infuriated the Maharaja, who ordered the dewan to double the land tax in order to punish the villagers for the false news. Question.6. How did the Tiger King become the victim of the hundredth tiger? (Foreign 2014) or How did the Tiger King meet his end? What is ironical about his fate? (All India 2009) Answer. The Tiger King met his end through the wooden tiger, which he had bought as a gift for his son on his third birthday. While he was playing with his son, a splinter of the poorly made toy tiger pricked the king’s hand. The infection turned into a sore, which spread all over his arm. In spite of the best surgeons, the king’s life could not be saved. The irony is in the fact that in spite of killing nearly all the tigers in the area, he had to face his death by a toy tiger. Question.7. What, sort of hunts did the Maharaja offer to organise for the high-ranking British officer? What trait of the officer does it reveal? (All India 2013) Answer. Tiger hunting was banned in Pratibandapuram. When the British official came with a tiger hunt request, the Maharaja told him that he may conduct a boar hunt, a mouse hunt, even a mosquito hunt, but not a tiger hunt. In reply to this, the British officer said that he only wanted to be photographed holding a gun and standing ewer the dead body; the tiger could be killed by the Maharaja. This shows the shallowness of character of the officer. Question.8. Why was the Maharaja so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger? (AR India 2012) Answer. When the Maharaja was barely ten days old, the chief astrologer had predicted that a tiger would be the cause of his death. When the Maharaja was twenty, he killed one tiger. When he asked his astrologer, the astrologer

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said that he would kill ninety-nine tigers, but he should be fearful of the hundredth tiger. That was the reason why the Maharaja was so anxious to kill the hundredth tiger. Question.9. What warning did the astrologer give the Tiger King when he killed the first tiger? Did the prediction of the astrologer come to be true? (Foreign 2011) Answer. When the Maharaja boasted about killing the first tiger, the astrologer said that he may kill ’ ninety-nine tigers, but must be “very careful with the hundredth tiger.” Yes, the astrologer was absolutely true in this prediction, because finally the Maharaja was killed by the hundredth tiger. Question.10.How did the Dewan manage to arrange the hundredth tiger for the Maharaja? (Foreign 2011) Answer. The Dewan had brought a tiger from the People’s Park in Madras and kept it hidden in his house. When the Maharaja threatened him with dire consequences, he understood that the only way to save himself was to ‘plant’ a tiger for the kill. So, he and his aged wife dragged the tiger to the forest where the king was hunting. The king took aim and the beast soon collapsed. Question.11.Why was the Maharaja sunk in gloom even after having killed seventy tigers? (Foreign 2011) Answer. During ten years, the Maharaja had managed to kill seventy tigers. As a result, the tiger population became extinct in his kingdom. This made the Maharaja anxious because he thought he would not be able to achieve his target of killing a hundred tigers and so his life would be in dangSr. Question.12.What led the Maharaja to start out on a tiger hunt? (All India 2010) Answer. The Maharaja knew the old saying that killing even a cow in self-defence was no sin. So, in order to save his own life and prove the astrological prediction wrong, he started shooting all his enemies, i.e. the tigers he found in the forests of his state and nearby regions. Question.13.When did the Tiger King stand in danger of losing his kingdom? (Delhi 2010) Answer. Once, a high-ranking British officer visited Pratibandapuram. He was very fond of hunting tigers and being photographed with them. However, the Maharaja refused to give him permission to hunt tigers because he feared that other British officers too would turn up with the same request. It was because of his refusal that the Maharaja stood in danger of losing his kingdom. Question.14.What happened to the tiger provided by the Dewan Saheb? (Delhi 2009) Answer. The tiger provided by the Dewan Saheb was very old and stood in complete submission. The Maharaja look aim and fired, but-actually the bullet missed the tiger and the tiger only fainted from the sharp sound of the bullet. As nobody wanted the Maharaja to know about it, one oflhe hunters himself shot the tiger later on. Question.15.Describe the efforts made by the Tiger King to achieve his target of killing a hundred tigers. (All India 2009) Answer. The Tiger King made numerous efforts to fulfil his target of killing a hundred tigers. He stayed in the forest for many days. He fired many of his officers for not getting him tigers. He had to spend a ransom of three lakh rupees to impress the British official and discourage him from killing the tigers. He even went to the extent of marrying to kill the population of tigers in the neighbouring state to meet his target. In a way, he did all he could to achieve his goal , of killing a hundred tigers. Question.16.Did the Tiger King shoot the hundredth tiger? Give reasons for your answer. (Foreign 2009) Answer. The Tiger King actually did not shoot the hundredth tiger. The tiger being a weak one, fainted from the shock of a bullet whizzing past him and the ignorant king celebrated his achievement. Later, when the hunters took a closer look at the tiger, it woke up as if from a deep slumber. Question.17.How did the Tiger King celebrate his victory over the killing of the hundredth tiger? (Delhi2008) Answer. When the Maharaja thought that he had killed the hundredth tiger, his joy knew no bounds. The elated king returned to his capital and ordered his staff to bring the dead tiger in a grand procession. The tiger was buried and a tomb was erected over it. Question.18.What was the Dewan’s tiger like? How did he take it into the forest? (Delhi 2008) Answer. The Dewan’s tiger was old and had been brought from the People’s Park in Madras. It was kept hidden in the Dewan’s house. At midnight, the Dewan with his wife dragged the tiger to his car and thrust it onto the seat. With great difficulty, the tiger was pushed out of the car and planted in the forest to be shot by the Maharaja. Question.19.Why did the Dewan decide to give up his own tiger to be killed by the Maharaja? (Delhi 2008) Answer. The Maharaja refused to leave the forest unless he killed the hundredth tiger that had been sighted by the villagers. The Maharaja was funous and sacked many officers. He ordered the Dewan to double the land tax of the village and when the Dewan tried to stop him, the Maharaja asked him to resign. So, to save his job, the Dewan decided to arrange for a tiger to be killed by the Maharaja. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.20.How did the Tiger King stand in danger of losing his kingdom? How was he able to avoid the danger? (Delhi 2012) Answer. Once a high ranking British officer visited Pratibandapuram. As he was fond of hunting tigers, he expressed his wish of tiger hunting to the king but the king refused permission. Then the British officer (^quested that he only wanted to be photographed holding gun and standing over the dead body of the tiger; the Maharaja could kill the tiger. However, the Maharaja denied him this permission also, fearing that it would lead to further similar requests

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from other officers. As the Maharaja did not want to upset the British officer and risk losing his kingdom, he sent a fifty diamond rings to the wife of the officer. The lady kept all the rings and sent him a note of thanks. In this way, the king managed to save his kingdom. Question.21.The astrologer’s prediction about the death of the Tiger King came to be true. Do you agree with this statement? (All India 2008) Answer. I agree with the statement that the astrologer’s prediction about the death of the Tiger King came to be true. The astrologer had predicted that Tiger King would be killed by a tiger and he should be wary of the hundredth tiger. This statement of the astrologer forced the king to go on a killing spree. The hundredth tiger was not killed by the king himself but by the hunters, who found out that the old tiger had not died by the bullet of the king but only fainted by the bullet whizzing past him. . The hundredth tiger was a wooden toy tiger which the king had presented to his three-year old son. It killed the king merely by a sliver of wood protruding form it that pierced his right hand. The wound developed pus and it soon spread all over the arm. The best surgeons failed to save the king and thus, the astrologer’s prediction about the death of the Tiger King proved to be correct. The Enemy Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions o Marks, 30-40 words) Question.1. Why did Dr Sadao treat the American soldier even though, it was an unpatriotic act On his part? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Dr Sadao treated the American prisoner of war because as a doctor, he was trained to save lives. He could not have let the injured soldier die even though he was his national enemy, as that would have been against his professional ethics. Question.2. How did Hana help Dr Sadao? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Hana was an impeccable wife and stood by her husband in all his. decisions. She helped Dr Sadao when he was operating upon the enemy and also nursed and washed the prisoner herself when the servants had flatly refused to do so. Question.3. Why did the General not order immediate arrest of Dr Sadao who had sheltered a Whiteman? (Compartment 2014) Answer. The General did not usually keep in good health and trusted no other surgeon but Dr Sadao in his time of need and could have needed his services anytime. This is why he did not order immediate arrest of the doctor for harbouring an enemy in his house. Question.4. What forced Dr Sadao to be impatient and irritable with his patient? (All India 2013,2010) Answer. The wounded white man urgently needed an operation as he was critically injured. Hana was with Sadao when, he started operating on the prisoner. Hana, who had never seen an operation in her life, vomited at the sight of blood. Sadao wanted to help her in her distress but he could not leave his patient. This made him impatient and irritable. Question.5. What made a cool surgeon like Sadao speak sharply to his wife and what was her reaction? (All India 2013) Answer. Hana had never seen an operation before. When Sadao started operating, blood began to flow. Hana choked at this moment. Sadao sharply told her not to faint because if he had stopped, the wounded man would surely have died. Hana clasped her hands to her mouth and ran out. Sadao heard her vomit. Question.6. Why had Hana to wash the wounded man herself? (Delhi 2012) or Why did Hana wash the wounded soldier herself? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Hana had to wash the wounded man herself because her servants and even her maidservant flatly refused to wash an enemy American out of superstition and fear. Question.7. How did Dr Sadao ensure that the American sailor left his house but he himself remained safe and secure? (Delhi 2011) Answer. The night the man escaped as per the plan, Dr Sadao slept well. One evening standing on the verandah, Dr Sadao looked towards the island. There was no signal of the flashlight. It meant that the man had gone, safe on a Korean fishing boat. In this way, he ensured the American’s departure and his own safety and security. Question.8. How does the writer indicate that Dr Sadao’s father was a very traditional and conventional man? (Delhi 2011) Answer. Sadao’s education had been his father’s chief concern, who even sent him to America at the age of twentytwo to study surgery and medicine. Sadao’s father was a true patriot and took immense pride in Japanese culture and traditions. That is why Sadao married Hana only after confirming that she was a Japanese, as he did not want to upset his father. This suggests that Sadao’s father’was a very traditional and conventional man. Question.9. Why did the messenger come to Dr Sadao? What did Hana think about it? (All India 2010) Answer. The messenger had come to Dr Sadao’s house to inform him that the old General was in pain again and had to be attended to. When Hana first saw the uniformed messenger, she got frightened, for she thought that he had come to arrest her husband for harbouring an enemy in their hou$e. Question.10. Why did the General spare the American soldier? (All India 2009) Answer. The General spared the American soldier because he was a selfish man. He thought of nothing but his own life. He needed Sadao for his operation and he forgot about his promise in his pain.

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Question.11.Why was Dr Sadao not sent to the battlefield? (All India 2009) Answer. Dr Sadao was not sent abroad with the troops because the ailing General trusted no other surgeon but Dr Sadao and could have needed his expert services anytime. Question.12.How did Dr Sadao get rid of the enemy soldier? (Foreign 2009) Answer. Dr Sadao planned out everything beforehand. He put his boat on the shore with food and extra clothing. He asked the American prisoner of war to row to a little island near the coast and then wait for a Korean ship to pass. He also gave the American his flashlight complete with instructions on how to signal him in a time of distress. Question.13.What secret plan did the General have about the American soldier staying under the care of Sadao? (All India 2008) Answer. The General planned to get the American soldier staying under the care of Dr Sadao assassinated by his private assassins. He assured the doctor about the removal of the dead body also. Question.14.Hana told Yumi to wash the soldier. How did Yumi react? (Delhi 2008) Answer. When Hana asked Yumi to wash the soldier, she bluntly refused to do so, saying that she had never washed a white man and she would not wash a dirty one. Yumi obstinately told Hana that she was a poor person and did not want to associate with the man. Question.15.Why did the servants leave Dr Sadao’s house? Answer. The servants left Dr Sadao’s house because they did not approve of the white man staying in the surgeon’s house. They thought that Sadao’s stay in America during his education had erased all his sentiments for his country. Also, they did not want to be in trouble with the authorities if Sadao was arrested as a traitor. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 Words) Question.16.What was the General’s plan to get rid of the American prisoner? Was it executed? What traits of General’s character are highlighted in the lesson? (All India 2014) Answer. Dr Sadao informed the General about the presence of the American prisoner at his house. The General decided that his private assassins would take care of him and even take his body away Sadao agreed to the General’s proposal. However, the General’s assassins did not arrive for the next three days. Consequently the General’s plan was not executed. Sadao spent three restless nights in waiting for the assassins; ultimately he helped the prisoner escape. When Sadao informed the General about the escape of the prisoner, the General replied that he was sick and thus forgot about the whole affair. He further wanted that Sadao must not inform anybody about this. This shows tharfhe General was highly selfish. He had regard only for his own safety and pride. Also, he did not send Sadao to the battlefield as he needed his services himself. He considered himself more important than the lives of thousands of soldiers. Question.17.What conflicting ideas arise in Dr Sadao’s mind after he has brought the wounded American soldier home? How is the conflict resolved? (Compartment 2014) Answer. From the day Dr Sadao found the wounded soldier outside his house, he had been caught up in a web of conflicts and difficulties. The first difficulty arose when Sadao decided to operate upon the soldier. He was caught between his duty as a doctor and loyalty towards his nation. Nonetheless, Sadao emerged a champion in this regard. As an ethical and sincere doctor, he saved the life of the soldier and as a responsible citizen, he also informed the General about the presence of the soldier. Next, when the General’s men did not arrive to kill the enemy, Sadao was again caught in a conflict as to how to*get rid of the white man. His innate virtues of compassion and benevolence forbade him from killing the man. Thus, he decided to let the prisoner escape by sending him off to an unguarded island. This is how Dr Sadao successfully resolved the conflict. Question.18.Do you think Dr Sadao’s final decision was the best possible one in the circumstances? Why/Why not? Explain with reference to the story, ‘The Enemy’.(Delhi 2013) Answer. Dr Sadao’s final decision was the best possible one in the given circumstances. He has the instincts of a doctor. When Tom, the prisoner of war, was found wounded, the first thing he did was to save his life. As a doctor, he was duty bound to save lives. Next, he completed the duty towards his nation by informing the General about the presence of the prisoner. But finally, he helped the enemy escape. His compassionate heart rose above the narrow . confines of hatred and war. As a doctor, Sadao could not have left the wounded prisoner of war unattended and so he decided to operate upon him and save his life. However, at the same time, he discharged his duty towards his nation by informing the General about the enemy. And finally, the surgeon helped the enemy escape because his compassionate heart forbade him to kill the same person whom he had saved. Question.19.What impression do you form about Dr Sadao as a man and as a surgeon on your reading the chapter The Enemy’? (All India2012) Answer. After going through the chapter, ‘The Enemy’, we come to the conclusion that Dr Sadao was an excellent surgeon and a human being per excellence. He appeared to be a man full of; compassion and a surgeon in the truest sense of the word. Although he had a bitter experience of Americans being prejudiced when he was a student in America, he did not let that bitterness overwhelm him and the doctor and fine human being in him prevailed.,He knew that, if being found that he had harboured an American POW in his own house, tie would be labelled a traitor. His conscience did not permit to let a human being die before his eyes and he took the risk of being called a traitor. It was not that he was a traitor. He promptly informed the General about the whole incident. It showed that he was not a coward. He was ready to face the consequences.

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Question.20.Why did Sadao help the American soldier to escape? How did he do it? Answer. Sadao’s expertise in his profession and compassion as a human being were his most dominant personality traits. As a dutiful doctor, he could not have let the prisoner die of his injuries and so he saved his life. At the same time, he acted like a responsible citizen and informed the General of the presence of the enemy. However, when the General’s men did not come to kill the American Sadao decided to save his life. Dr Sadao gave his boat to the young soldier, arranged food for him and provided him valuable information which helped him escape successfully. This is how Sadao helped the American soldier flee and thereby saved his life. Question.21.Why did Sadao Hoki go to America? Narrate his experiences there. (All India 2012) Answer. Sadao Hoki went to America to study surgery and medicine as it was the wish of his father. His experience of living in America was not very good but he was grateful to have some good professors who taught him so well. Also, he was grateful to the professor at whose home he had met Hana and immediately liked her. But he did not like the smell of their food, their small room and the wife of his professor, who was vbry talkative, although she tried hard to be kind. Initially, he had faced great difficulty in finding a place to live in America because he was a Japanese. He perceived that Americans were full of prejudice and for him it was a bitter experience to live with them. Question.22.Dr Sadao was compelled by his duty as a doctor to help the enemy soldier. What made Hana, his wife, sympathetic to him in the face of open defiance from the domestic staff? (All India 2011) Answer. As a doctor, it was Dr Sadao’s moral responsibility to save Tom, the American prisoner of war, but Hana was under no such compulsion. In spite of this, she abided by her husband’s ; decisions because she was a dutiful wife who pledged to support her husband even through the most difficult times. Secondly, Hana being a woman, was soft-hearted. She could not see a wounded person being left in the lurch. As a woman, she adorned the role of a life-giver and a preserver. She could not have been a destroyer. That is why she cleaned the prisoner when her maid was unwilling to do so. She also assisted her husband in the operation on the American, despite the fact that she could not stand the blood, and started vomiting when she saw it. She was thus a dutiful wife and life-giver. On The Face of It Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 Words) Question.1. Why did Mr Lamb help Derry? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Mr Lamb and Derry were both victims of physical impairment or deformity. However, unlike Derry, who became enr^ittered because of it, Mr Lamb was always full of life. His physical suffering had failed to damper his spirit. Thus, Mr Lamb helped Derry because he wanted him to change his perspective towards life and enjoy every moment of it. Question.2. In what sense is the friendship between Mr Lamb and Derry fruitful? (Compartment 2014) Answer. The friendship that flourished between Mr Lamb and Derry was indeed fruitful. Mr Lamb’s unending enthusiasm and unceasing zeal to live life despite all odds helped Derry change his outlook towards life. Derry, who was just carrying on an unhappy existence, was able to see some meaning to his life after meeting Mr Lamb. Question.3. If you were to give a different ending to the story, ‘On The Face of It’ how would you end it? (All India 2013) Answer. The ending of the story, ‘On the face of It’ is very sad as Mr Lamb is probably dead. In my opinion, such a beautiful story should not have such a tragic ending. In the end, Derry should have saved Mr Lamb from falling by holding the ladder at the last moment. This would have given a message of hope. Question.4. How does Mr Lamb keep himself busy when it is a bit cool? (Delhi 2012) Answer. Mr Lamb was a person who could survive and enjoy in all circumstances and seasons. When it got cooler, Mr Lamb kept himself busy by breaking the crab apples from the trees in his garden and making jelly from them. Question.5. Why does Mr Lamb leave his gate always open? (All India 2011) Answer. Mr Lamb always left his gate open because he did riot mind strangers entering his house or garden. Probably also because he was not afraid of anything. Question.6. What is the bond that unites the two—Mr Lamb, the old and Derry, the small boy? How does the old man inspire the little boy? (Foreign 2011) Answer. It is physical disability in different forms, the empathetic feeling that creates a bond, which unites the old man and Derry. Although both face the same problem, there is a vast difference in the attitude to and perception of the problem. The old man has an upper hand #n life and experience due to his age, which gives him the zest to inspire the little boy. Question.7. What qualities of Mr Lamb attracted Derry to him? (All India 2009) Answer. Mr Lamb was aperson full of life. Sadness or negativity found no place in his world. His physical impairment and people’s humiliating remarks had failed to dampen his spirit. His undying optimism and ever friendly attitude drew Derry towards him. For Derry, Mr Lamb was his source of inspiration. Question.8. What did Derry’s mother think of Mr Lamb? (All India 2009) Answer. When Derry informed his mother of Mr Lamb and that he wanted to sit with him, she did not like it. She thought that he was not a good man and she did not want her son to remain in touch with him for any purpose. Question.9. How does Mr Lamb try to remove the baseless fears of Derry? (All India 2008) Answer. Mr Lamb tries to remove the baseless fears of Derry by telling him that nothing in this world is so worthless that it deserves to be considered as trash. Even weeds have their own value. He advises Derry to ignore people’s

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comments and think of beautiful objects. He tells him to hear only those things that are worth hearing. It is attitude that matters. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 words) Question.10.What is the bond that unites the two—the old Mr Lamb and Derry, the small boy? How does the old man inspire the small boy? (Delhi 2013) Answer. Derry, a small boy, had a side of his face burnt as acid had fallen over it. Thus he grew up to be withdrawn arid defiant. The old Mr Lamb got one of his legs blown off in a war and had a tin leg in place of it. He lived alone, but unlike Derry, he did not let his handicap rule his life. The physical impairment somehow united the feelings of both of them. But their attitudes to their respective situations were totally different. Mr Lamb came as an angel in the sad life of Derry. He told Derry that beauty is not limited to looks but it is in how you feel from inside. He taught him to enjoy life to the fullest. Mr Lamb’s encouraging words elevated Derry’s confidence. For the first time in his life, he wanted to live for himself. Thus he was inspired by the old man. Question.11.The lesson, ‘On the Face of It’ is an apt depiction of the loneliness and sense of alienation experienced by people on account of a disability. Explain. (VBQ) Answer. Mr Lamb and Derek both were victims of physical impairment. Mr Lamb had an artificial leg made of tin and Derek had a scared face. Undoubtedly, both had suffered humiliations in life on account of their handicaps. Derek, however, suffered not only from his handicap but also from low self-esteem, lack of confidence, desolation and withdrawal. He felt that nobody wanted him or loved him. They feared looking at his ugly face. Looking at Derek’s example, we feel that people with physical impairment need genuine concern. They can perform better than average individuals who do not suffer from any disability, provided they get the right opportunities to prove themselves. Question.12.Derry and Mr Lamb both are victims of physical impairment but their attitudes towards life are completely different. Explain. (Delhi 2009) Answer. Derry, a fourteen year old boy, did not expect anything out of life. A pessimist, he had lost all self-regard and led an isolated existence. He felt unwanted because he had a scared face. Mr Lamb, on the other hand, was full of life. Although he lived alone and had a tin leg, he kept himself busy by tending to his garden, his bees and making toffee and jelly. He welcomed everybody to his house and garden. He enjoyed sitting in the sun, reading books and gardening. Although kids mocked him by calling him ‘Lamey Lamb/ he did not bother about it. He was an apostle of optimism, enthusiasm and hope. Thus we see that there is a striking contrast between Mr Lamb and Derry. Question.13.Do you think Derry’s chance meeting with Mr Lamb would prove meaningful to him? Answer giving valid reasons. (Foreign 2009) Answer. When Derry met Mr Lamb, he was a fourteen year old boy who had lost all zest for life. He had lost all selfregard and suffered from a terrible inferiority complex due to his scared face. He hated meeting people and remained withdrawn. After meeting Mr Lamb, Derry was filled with enthusiasm for life. Mr Lamb’s words had a profound effect on him and he changed drastically. He was not overtly conscious of his ugly face any longer. We could get a reflection of Derry’s transformation in Scene two, when he reached his house after a brief encounter with Mr Lamb. He told his mother, “You shouldn’t believe all you hear.” He categorically told her that he wanted to go back to Mr Lamb to listen to bees singing and him talking. In the end, he rushed to meet his mentor to keep his promise to the old man. Looking at these developments, one is bound to conclude that Derry hopefully would not become secluded once again. Derek would certainly be confident and happy in the future. Question.14.How did Mr Lamb’s meeting with Derry become a turning point in Derry’s life? (Delhi 2008) Answer. Derry’s brief association with Mr Lamb changed him from a bitter, pessimistic and complex-ridden boy to a mature and confident person. His attitude towards life underwent a transformation. He got encouraged by Mr Lamb’s unending enthusiasm and unceasing zeal to live life. Thus Mr Lamb’s unfailing optimism helped transform Derek completely. Mr Lamb’s conversation with him about everything and everybody being essentially the same, his notion of beauty being relative, his talk about pretty girls and love, his concept of the world and friendship and the incident of the timid man, all fascinated and inspired Derek. Gradually, Derek was able to shed his old self and rediscover life. He was able to experience the joy of little things of life like rain drops falling pitter-patter on the roof. He even told his mother, “You shouldn’t believe all you hear.” Thus, Derek’s brief association with Mr Lamb became a turning point in his life. Evans Tries An O-Level Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 English Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks, 30-40 words) Qluestion.1.What kind of person was Evans? Why did he want to sit for the O-level German examination? (Compartment 2014) Answer. Evans was a young prisoner who had tried to escape thrice from the prison. For this reason, he was also known as ‘Evans the Break’. He seemed to be quite a pleasant and astute person, but he was basically a kleptomaniac. His desire to sit for the O-level German examination was only a plot to hoodwink the authorities and escape from the prison.

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Question.2.What were the contents of the small suitcase that McLeery carried? (Delhi 2012) Answer. The suitcase that McLeery carried had a sealed question paper envelope, a yellow invigilation form, a special authentication card from the Examination Board, a paper knife, a Bible, the current copy of the Church Times and a small semi-inflated rubber ring. Question.3.What were the precautions taken for the smooth conduct of the examination? ‘ (Delhi 2011) Answer. The prison authorities had taken elaborate precautions to ensure the smooth conduct of the examination. Evans’ cell was thoroughly frisked a night before. All sharp edged objects like razor, scissors, etc., were taken away. Even the suitcase of the invigilator was carefully checked and the prison officers kept a close watch on him (Evans) throughout the process. Question.4.How did the Governor react to the two phone calls he received in quick succession? (All India 2011) Answer. The Governor had a sharp presence of mind and wanted to give Evans no chance to escape. As a part of his multi-step elaborate precautions, he verified the first phone call he received. However, he did not do so with (fie second call as he thought he was being paranoid and that he had taken all possible precautions for the safe conduct of the examination. Question.5. How did the question paper and the correction slip help the prisoner and the Governor? (Delhi 2010) Answer. The purpose of the cleverly superimposed photocopied sheet on the question paper and the correction slip was to finalise the details of the plan of escape. This information had to reach Evans. It was also meant to make the authorities believe that the wounded man was McLeery himself. The question paper and correction slip helped the Governor to locate the place where Evans was hiding. Thus, the two clues helped both the prisoner and the Governor. Question.6. Why did Evans not take off his hat when Jackson ordered him to do so? (All India 2010) Answer. Evans knew that the duplicate McLeery, who was to invigilate during the O-level German examination, had short hair. So he cropped his hair to pass off as McLeery later. The “bobble hat was an important part of the plan to conceal Evans” cropped hair. Question.7. How does McLeery explain the presence of a small semi-inflated rubber ring? What did it actually contain? (All India 2010) Answer. McLeery tells Jackson that he is suffering from haemorrhoids (piles) and the ring helps him when he has to sit for a long time. In reality, the ring contained pig blood, which Evans would splatter on his head and escape from the hospital as McLeery who had been injured. Question.8. What clues did the answer sheet of Evans provide to the Governor? (Delhi 2009) Answer. The index number 313 and the centre number 271 on the answer sheet proved to be the clues for the Governor. Putting the two together and with the help of the Ordnance Survey Map for Oxfordshire, he managed to catch Evans in the hotel. Question.9. How did Evans outwit the Governor in the end? (Foreign 2009) Answer. Evans was recaptured by the Governor and handcuffed by a prison officer. He was given farewell by the Governor, who thought he was sending Evans back to Oxford jail. Ironically, it was not so. The prison officer, who was actually a friend of Evans in disguise, took Evans to the police van and unlocked the handcuffs as soon as the Governor was out of sight. Evans finally escaped to Newbury. Thus, Evans outwitted the Governor and had the last laugh in this case. Long Answer Type Questions (6 Marks, 120-150 Words) Question. 10. Describe the precautions taken by the prison officers to prevent Evans from escaping. (Delhi 2014) or What precautions were taken by the prison authorities for the smooth conduct of the examination? (Compartment 2014) Answer. As Evans had tried to escape before, the prison authorities had taken all possible precautions for the smooth conduct of the examination. Evans’ cell was thoroughly frisked a night before and all sharp-edged objects like razor, nail-file, scissors, etc., were taken away from him. The suitcase of the invigilator McLeery was carefully checked. Also, the Governor had himself decided to supervise the examination by listening in through the microphone connected to Evans’ cell. Prison officer Stephens was deployed to observe Evans from the peep-hole every minute or so. Another prison officer Mr Jackson was in constant contact with the Governor on the phone. Both the gates of the wings of Evans’cell were locked tightly. Thus the authorities left no stone unturned in ensuring the smooth and safe conduct of the examination. Question.11.How did the negligence of the prison officers prove to be a boon for Evans? (Foreign 2014) Answer. The prison authorities had taken multi-step detailed precautions for the safe conduct of the examination. However, some lapses on their part at critical moments proved to be a boon for Evans. First of all, no one tried to verify the identity of the invigilator McLeery and that turned out to be a key mistake in this case. Similarly, the identities of the van driver and the officer who handcuffed Evans were not verified. All of them later turned out to be Evans’ accomplices. The Detective Superintendent also acted hastily and did not drive the injured McLeery to the hospital. This gave Evans the chance to escape. Finally, the Governor, who had a sharp

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presence of mind and hawk-eyed vigil, made the greatest blunder. When he nabbed Evans at the hotel, he did not bring him to the jail with himself and sent him with a driver and ‘silent’ prison officer. Thus, Evans escaped yet again. Question.12.Give a character sketch of the Governor of Oxford Prison based on your understanding of the story, ‘Evans Tries an O-level’. (All India 2013) Answer. The Governor of the HM Prison, Oxford, appears to be kind-hearted fellow at the start as he arranges for on O-level exam for a prisoner renowned for his ability to escape. He was, though, quite skeptical of Evans and made every arrangement to make sure that Evans had no means to escape. He was also very proud and self-conscious. He did not want Evans to disgrace him by escaping from his prison. He had a sharp presence of mind, which was clear from the fact that he cross checked every call that was made to the prison that day. However, he got over-confident of his arrangements and gave Evans the opportunity to escape. Also, he was a person who did not mind showering praise on a prisoner. When Evans revealed the secret plan to him, he admired him. At last, he proved to be just another good-for-a-giggle, gullible Governor when again Evans tricked him and successfully escaped. His overconfidence and self-praise let him down. Question.13.How was the injured McLeery able to befool the prison officers? (All India 2012) Answer. Evans acted really well as the ‘injured’ McLeery. The fake blood that was supplied to him by his invigilator friend was pouring down from his head. With a ‘feeble’ hand, he got his handkerchief and held it to his bleeding head. In fact in that process, he was able to hide his face from the eyes of the prison officer. He was in so much pain that he could hardly utter a coherrent word! In this way, he concealed his voice and was able to dodge the officers. The moment he heard the suggestion of bringing in an ambulance, he interrupted and asked them to call the policl; he offered them his help in tracing Evans whom the authorities thought had escaped. This was a part of his plan in which all officers were trapped. Evans acting as the injured McLeery fooled all the officers and he became successful in making them believe that the injured invigilator was really trying to help them. Thus, by his superb acting of an injured person, he was completely successful in befooling and confusing the prison officers. Question.14. What purpose did the question paper and the correction slip serve? How did they help both the criminals and the Governor? (All India 2012) Answer. The purpose of the photocopied sheet that was superimposed on the question paper and the correction slip was to supply the details of the plan of escape to Evans without uttering a single word. It was a well-thought out meticulous plan. It was also meant to make the authorities believe that the wounded man was McLeery himself. And at that moment, it worked as was thought and the authorities got trapped. / However, there is a wise saying ‘iron cuts iron’. Just like that, if that superimposed question paper and correction slip helped Evans, then the same materials helped the Governor also in locating the place where Evans was hiding. The six digit number of the correction slip, i.e. the index number and centre number 313/271, helped the Governor. He put these numbers together and with the help of the Ordnance Survey Map of Oxfordshire, he reached the hotel where Evans had decided to hide for the day.

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THE INVISIBLE MAN (HERBERT GEORGE) H.G WELLS INTRODUCTION THE AIRY MAN IS A SCIENCE FICTION ATYPICAL BY H.G WELLS APPEAR IN 1897. ORIGINALLY SERIALISED IN PERSONAS WEEKLY IN 1897, IT WAS APPEAR AS THE ATYPICAL AFOREMENTIONED YEAR. THE AIRY MAN OF THE APPELLATION IS GRIFFIN, A SCIENTIST WHO HAS ADHERENT HIMSELF TO ANALYSIS INTO EYES AND INVENTS A WAY TO CHANGE THE BOD’S REFRACTIVE BASIS TO THAT OF THE AIR SO THAT IT ABSORBS AND REFLECT NO ABLAZE AND APPROPRIATELY BECOMES INVISIBLE. HE AUSPICIOUSLY CARRIES OUT THIS ACTION ON HIMSELF, BUT FAILS IN HIS ATTACK TO ABOUT-FACE THE PROCEDURE. While its predecessors, The Time Machine and The Island of Doctor Moreau, were accounting application aboriginal narrators, Wells adopts a third being cold point of appearance in The Airy Man. About The Author In 1866, (Herbert George) H.G Wells was built-in to a alive chic ancestors in Kent, England. Young Wells accustomed a blotchy education, disconnected by several affliction and ancestors difficulties and became a drapers amateur as a teenager. He was an English writer, now best accepted for his plan in the science fiction genre. Wells is sometimes alleged The ancestor of Science Fiction. His a lot of notable science fiction works cover The War of the Worlds, The Time Machine, The Airy Man, The Island of Doctor Moreau. He as well wrote astute novels that accustomed analytical acclaim, including Kipps and a banter on Edwardian advertising. Wells as well wrote dozen of abbreviate belief and novels. Major Themes Isolation The Airy Man is about a guy with no accompany or family. It seems like no amount area he finds himself, he is abandoned from the beyond community. He is as abandoned in Iping as he is London. He is a ability Scientist, who is amidst by people; but who just don’t accept him. That accept to be the affliction anatomy of isolation, amidst by humans but consistently alone. The abreast fabricated Griffin feel absolute from the community. Community To appearance how abandoned the Airy Man is, Wells exposes us to array of communities in The Airy Man. There is a baby apple of Iping, the beyond apple of Burdock, the city-limits of London and abounding added communities on a added level. Unfortunately Griffin seems to be alfresco of anniversary of these communities. Science Science takes a lot of altered roles in The Airy Man. First, it’s what scientists do to plan out problems they have. For instance we apprehend from Airy man about how he developed his blueprint through balloon and error. Second, science agency a association of Scientists and their accurate traditions. Finally, science can be abstruse to anyone who is not a scientist. Power Power is absolutely a big section of the addle in The Airy Man. It is not just about the superpower of invisibility. The Airy Man touches on how ability – in this case, science – is ability and how this ability can corrupt. Griffin himself mentions to Marvel that an airy man is a man of power. Amazement and Terror The Airy Man runs Havoc on a baby town. The admiration that comes with encountering such a appearance and afresh again the arduous alarm if one realizes what he is able of, is a above affair throughout the novel. Alarm is the authentication of Airy Man. Wealth The airy Man is remembered as the adventure of an abandoned mad scientist angry adjoin the beyond community. But there is a accomplished added affair that generally gets abandoned. Money The Airy Man may be motivated by his absorption in science but one of his aboriginal and capital botheration is that the following of his dreams rendered him poor. If he alone had money, brainstorm how altered the adventure accept been. Plot Summary A mysterious stranger, Griffin, arrives at the local inn of the English village of Iping, West Sussex, during a snowstorm. The stranger wears a long-sleeved, thick coat and gloves, his face hidden entirely by bandages except for a fake pink nose and a wide-brimmed hat. He is excessively reclusive, irascible and unfriendly. He demands to be left alone and spends most of his time in his room working with a set of chemicals an laboratory apparatus, only venturing out at night. While staying at the inn, hundreds of stranger glass bottles arrive that Griffin calls his luggage. Many local townspeople believe this to be very strange. He becomes the talk of the village (one of the novels most charming aspects is its portrayal of small town life in Southern England, which the author knew from first hand experience). Meanwhile, a mysterious burglary occurs in

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the village, Griffin has run out of money and is trying to find a way to pay for his lodging. When his landlady demands he pay his bill and accuses him burglary, he reveals part of his invisibility to her in a fit of pique. An attempt to apprehend the stranger is frustrated when he undresses to take advantage of his invisibility, fights off his would be captors and flees to the downs. There Griffin coerces a tramp, Thomas Marvel, into becoming his assistant. With Marvel, he returns to the village to recover three notebooks that contain records of his experiments. When Marvel attempts to betray the Invisible Man and run away with his most priced possessions, Griffin chases him to the seaside town of Port Burdock, threatening to kill him. marvel escapes to a local inn and is saved by the people at the inn, but Griffin escapes. Marvel later goes to the police and tells them of this invisible man, then requests to be locked up in a high security jail. Griffin’s furious attempt to avenge his betrayal leads to his being shot. he takes shelter in a nearby house that turns out to belong to Dr Kemp a former acquaintance from medical school. To Kemp, he reveals his true identity, the Invisible Man s Griffin, a former medical student who left medicine to devote himself to optics. Griffin recounts how he invented procedure capable of rendering bodies invisible and on impulse, performed the procedure on himself. Griffin Tells Kemp of the story oh how he became invisible. He explains how he tried the invisibility on a cat, then himself. Griffin burns down the boarding house he is staying in along with all his equipment he used to turn invisible to cover his tracks, but soon realises he is ill-equipped to survive in the open. He attempts to steal food and clothes from a large department store and eventually steals some clothing from a theatrical supply shop and heads to Iping to attempt reverse the invisibility. But how he imagines that he can make Kemp his secret confederate, describing his plan to begin a “Reign of terror” by using his invisibility to terrorise the nation. Kemp has already denounced Griffin to the local authorities and is watching for help to arrive as he listens to this wild proposal. When the authorities arrive at kemp’s house, Griffin fights his way out and the next day leaves a note announcing that Kemp himself will be the first man to be killed in the “Reign of Terror”. Kemp, a cool-headed character, tries to organise a plan to use himself as a bait from his servant by Griffin. Griffin shoots and injures a local policeman who comes to Kemp’s aid, then breaks into Kemp’s house. Kemp bolts for the town, where the local citizenry comes to his aid. Griffin is seized, assaulted and killed by a mob. The Invisible Man naked, battered body gradually becomes visible as he dies. A local policeman shouts to cover his face with a sheet, ten he book concludes. In the epilogue, it is revealed that Marvel has secretly kept Griffin notes. He hopes of deciphering their mystery some day and gain godly powers.  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter  Chapter

Chapter Wise Summary and Analysis 1. The Strange Man’s Arrival  Chapter 15. The Man Who Was Running 2. Mr. Teddy Henfrey’s First Impressions  Chapter 16. In the Jolly Cricketers 3. The Thousand and One Bottles  Chapter 17. Doctor Kemp’s Visitor 4. Mr. Cuss Interviews the Stranger  Chapter 18. The Invisible Man Sleeps 5. The Burglary and the Vicarage  Chapter 19. Certain First Principles 6. The Furniture that Went Mad  Chapter 20. At the House in Great Portland Street 7. The Unveiling of the Stranger  Chapter 21. In Oxford Street 8. In Transit  Chapter 22. In the Emporium 9. Mr. Thomas Marvel  Chapter 23. In Drury Lane 10. Mr. Marvel’s Visit to Iping  Chapter 24. The Plan that Failed 11. In the Coach & Horses  Chapter 25: The Hunting of the Invisible man 12. The Invisible Man Loses His Temper  Chapter 26: The Wicksteed Murder 13. Mr. Marvel discusses His Resignation  Chapter 27: The Siege of Kemp’s House 14. At Port Stowe  Chapter 28: The Hunter Hunted

Chapter 1: The Strange Man’s Arrival In short summary: A stranger arrived at Iping in the biting cold of February which was an unusual time for the visit. The man had very strange appearance that scared Mrs Hall. He kept himself aloof and largely hidden from others. Though he spoke at last, his behaviour was quite cold. Chapter 2: Mr. Teddy Henfrey’s First Impressions In short summary: Mrs Hall asked Mr Teddy Henfrey to repair the clock in the stranger’s room. Mr Teddy was taken aback by the stranger’s appearance. The stranger claimed to be an experimental investigator, and gave reason for his awkward behaviour. Mr Teddy got snubbed by the stranger. Mr teddy’s and Mr Hall’s apprehensions about the stranger.

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Chapter 3: The Thousand and One Bottles In short summary: The luggage of the stranger arrived. It had hundreds of bottles and many books. The carriage driver’s dog attacked the stranger. Mr Hall went to see him. He saw something stranger in the room, but was immediately thrown out. The stranger said that he was not hurt and spent all his time in doing experiments. Mrs Hall’s eyes again observed something different. The stranger told her to bill him down for all the damage. Fearenside wondered if the man was a black and had white spots on his body. Chapter 4:. Mr. Cuss Interviews the Stranger In short summary: The stranger was a loner. Many stories revolved around Iping about the true identity of the man. Mr Cuss was keen to know something about the stranger . Mr Cuss had an interview with the stranger, However, the stranger hit him strongly on the nose with an invisible hand. He returned in terror, thinking he had gone mad. He shared the story of his visit with Rev Bunting. Rev bunting laughed but thought that it was a remarkable story. Chapter 5: The Burglary and the Vicarage In short summary: The burglary took place at Mr Bunting’s house. Mrs Bunting woke up by the sounds. She woke her husband up and both went down to catch the burglar. They heard some noises. They also saw a candle was being lit up, but no burglar was in sight. They searched the room, but the room appeared to be empty, and the money disappeared. They had been robbed, but still had no sign of the thief. Chapter 6: The Furniture that Went Mad In short summary: Mr Mrs Hall prepared for the festival. The stranger was not in his room. The Halls found his clothes and bandages lying here and there. Mrs Hall heard a sneeze on the staircase. Suddenly the furniture of the stranger’s room came to life. The couple was attacked by the furniture and pushed out. The Halls called for help. They all got involved into the mystery of the stranger’s disappearance and the haunted furniture. Soon after that, the stranger appeared out if nowhere. Chapter 7: The Unveiling of the Stranger In short summary: Mrs hall refused to serve the strangers and demanded an explanation for the strange incidents. The stranger got furious and took off his mask. The people at the inn watched the headlines man and ran out. Mr Jaffers came to arrest him. The stranger revealed himself. The constable fought to subdue the stranger. however, he took off his clothes and escaped. Chapter 8: In Transit In short summary: The eighth chapter relates an incident that happened with Mr Gibbons. He was lying in the field when he heard some sounds and swearing. but no one was around. He got scared and ran straight to the village. Chapter 9: Mr. Thomas Marvel In short summary: Mr Marvel was alone and was thinking about his shoes. He hear a voice, but could see no one. The Invisible Man introduced himself and showed that he was for real. Mr Marvel had a hard time believing things. The Invisible Man asked for help. Mr Marvel submitted. Chapter 10: Mr. Marvel’s Visit to Iping In short summary: Life was returning to normalcy in Iping but people were still having apprehensions. The festival mood had set in. A stranger entered the village and proceeded towards ‘Coach and Horses’. Mr Huxter kept a keen eye on him. As soon as he realised that the stranger was a thief, he ran after him. His chase was brought to a halt in a mysterious fashion. Chapter 11: In the Coach & Horses In short summary: Flashback of what happened when Mr Marvel conducted the thievery was being discussed. Mr Cuss and Mr Bunting were examining the stranger’s room. They found his diary, but were unable to understand anything. Mr Marvel helped the Invisible Man to enter the room. The Invisible Man took the two in hostage. Chapter 12: The Invisible Man Loses His Temper In short summary: This chapter is in continuation of the things that had happened when Mr Marvel visited Iping. mr Teddy Henfrey and mr hall heard some curious things from the room in which Mr Bunting and Mr Cuss were present. They heard Mr Huxter’s shouts. Mr Marvel was being chased by the villagers. The invisible Man lost his temper. he attacked everybody just for the sake of inflicting pain. The whole village was filled with fear. Chapter 13: Mr. Marvel discusses His Resignation In short summary: The journey of Mr Mrvel with the Invisible Man continued. The Invisible Man threatened him of dire consequences if he again tried to deceive him. Mr Marvel was helpless. He tried to get rid of the Invisible Man by telling him that he was no good. The Invisible Man Still wanted Mr Marcel to serve him. Chapter 14: At Port Stowe In short summary: The Invisible Man and Mr Marvel reached Port Stowe. And elderly mariner saw Mr Marvel sitting on a bench, beside him were books. The mariner initiated the talk about the Invisible Man. Mr Marvel was about to let the secret out. The Invisible Man started hurting Mr Marvel. Mr Marvel left the Mariner. The mariner got to know later that he was near the Invisible Man. Chapter 15: The Man Who Was Running In short summary: Dr Kemp was in his study. he caught sight of a man running down the hill. he considered him to be fool haunted by the Invisible Man’s mania. The Man ran through the streets; he had money in his pockets. The man turned out to be Mr Marvel. He was running because Invisible Man was after him.

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Chapter 16: In the Jolly Cricketers In short summary: Mr Marvel ran into the ‘Jolly Cricketers’ to save himself. The people there provided him with shelter. The Invisible Man entered from the back door. Mr Marvel was caught by the Invisible Man. People tried to save him from the hands of the Invisible Man. Shots were fired and Mr marvel was saved. Chapter 17: Doctor Kemp’s Visitor In short summary: Dr Kemp heard the shots being fired. After some time, the doorbell rang, but no one was there, he was a bit restless. he came downstairs to get some drink. He noticed a spot of blood but ignored it. He then noticed blood on the door knob. Dr Kemp met the Invisible Man. The Invisible Man revealed his true identity to Dr kemp. he told him that he was Griffin, his junior at University College, Griffin asked for food and clothes. Chapter 18: The Invisible man Sleeps In short summary: Griffin didn’t trust Dr Kemp. He said that he would answer Dr Kemp’s questions the next day. Dr Kemp started ti get his facts right. He searched for the news of the Invisible Man in dailies. Through his readings, he came to know about Marvel’s experience. He was not sure of Griffin’s mind. He spent the night in the study collecting more information about the Invisible Man. Ignoring the breach of faith, he wrote a note to Colonel Adye at Port Burdock. Chapter 19: Certain First Principles In short summary: Griffin started narrating the things which let to his invisibility. He had left medicine to pursue physics. He discussed his theory to gain invisibility. Dr Kemp realised that Griffin’s theory was indeed true. Griffin had worked like a slave. For many years, he kept his research a secret. Finally, he figured out how to make a human invisible. however, by that hime, he ran out of funds. He stole his father’s money to complete the research which eventually led to his father’s death. Chapter 20: At the House in Great Portland Street In short summary: Griffin went to bury his father. He was not sorry for his father. Griffin remembered his old life amidst the old places. The apparatus of the experiment was arranged. The experiment began and he achieved his first success. Griffin tried to make a cat invisible, but was unable to get rid of the claws and eyes. Moreover, Griffin was suspected of operating on animals. This resulted in a fight with the landlord. Griffin thought that his experiment was in danger; and thus, planned to get away, and sent three books and a cheque book to the post office. He drank some of his own potion. The potion gave him a suffering. Slowly, but agonisingly, he became invisible. He dismantled the apparatus before others barged in. Then he set the house on fire. Chapter 21: In Oxford Street In short summary: Griffin’s initial difficulty was in adjusting with the invisibility; however, it was also his advantage. Griffin realised that it is not an easy business as he was pained and hurt when people stepped o him or hit him from the back. He started feeling helpless. The dogs were always able to trace him and barked at his invisible appearance. Later, he was spotted by two young boys, however, he gave them a slip. The first adventure left him in bruises and cold. Chapter 22: In the Emporium In short summary: The story continued. Griffin needed food and shelter. He went into a giant departmental store. He hid himself and waited till the store was empty. After getting his fill, he got the idea of dressing up and faking an appearance. Though, he slept, he got nightmares. Unfortunately for him, the store opened before he woke up. The workers spot him. The search for the thief began. Griffin ran and hid himself. Finally, he had to take off all the clothes to become invisible again. Chapter 23: In Drury Lane In short summary: Griffin was upset about his situation. He planned to fake an appearance by using a false nose, wig and other things. He got into a shop having theatrical costumes. The shop owner was very alert and he sensed that someone has entered in the house. He locked all the doors. Griffin realised that he must hurt him in order to get the stuff he wants. Kemp was disgusted at his behaviour but still kept him busy. Griffin further told him about his initial lodgings and plans, about the problem at Iping, of Mr Marvel and the three books. Chapter 24: The Plan that Failed In short summary: Dr Kemp had a secret plan. Griffin continued with his story. he shared with Dr Kemp the plans that he had make before meeting him. Griffin wanted to establish a reign of terror. Dr Kemp was shocked to hear this. Griffin heard a sound coming from downstairs. He realised that Dr Kemp had cheated him. Fight began, Griffin took off his robes, hurt Dr Kemp and escaped. Chapter 25: The Hunting of the Invisible man In short summary: Dr Kemp narrated to Colonel Adye what Griffin was up to. He informed him that Griffin was a selfcentred man and he would even kill to get what he wants. Further, he told hi the things they would need to do to catch Griffin. Like his books, He would need food and shelter. Dogs could trace him and if he wanted to eat, then he had to hide. Chapter 26: The Wicksteed Murder In short summary: Griffin was filled with rage. The narrations took an imaginative turn based on hearsay. Mr Wicksteed was murdered and the Invisible Man was suspected of the murder. He must have learnt that the information he gave to Dr Kemp was being used against him. In spite of all this, he had food and rest. He was ready for his last great struggle against his own kind.

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Chapter 27: The Siege of Kemp’s House In short summary: Griffin sent a threatening letter to Dr Kemp in which he wrote that he would murder him. Dr Kemp thought that he should act as a bait and lure Griffin out. He send a note to Colonel Adye through a servant, but the servant was attacked medway. Adye and he rushed to get help. Griffin stopped him and Adye was shot dead. Help arrived for Dr Kemp. Griffin broke in with an axe. Two policemen struggled with the Invisible Man. Griffin got his head broken and escaped. Chapter 28: The Hunter Hunted In short summary: The scene shifts from Dr Kemp’s house. Mr Heelas woke up and found Dr Kemp’s house in ruins. He saw Dr Kemp coming towards his house. Realising that the Invisible Man was after him, he denied shelter to Dr Kemp. Dr Kemp ran for dear life; but kept his cool. people came out to cover him. Griffin was overpowered. He got badly hurt and met a tragic end. THE INVISIBLE MAN QUESTION ANSWERS Question 1. The stranger’s arrival at the inn was an unusual event. Moreover, his behaviour was very rude. Why did Mrs Hall put up with the antics of the stranger then? Answer. It was February when the stranger arrived at the “Coach and Horses” inn in Iping. It was a time of biting cold with wind and snow. Not many people visited Iping in winters and hence, the inn business must have been low. To have a guest at that time of the year was something unheard of. Mrs Hall was very happy. Moreover, the stranger did no bargaining. He gave her two gold coins. However, he was a very rude character. He snubbed her many times and even destroyed some property of the inn. However, Mrs Hall kept her cool because every time she confronted him for the damage, he told her to bill him down. The money kept coming in and Mrs Hall didn’t want to lose the customer until it was holiday season again. Q 2. Describe the appearance of the stranger when he arrived at the inn. Why was Mrs Hall scared out of her wits by his appearance? Answer. The stranger was wrapped from head to toe and the large hat that he wore hid every inch of his face except the shiny tip of his nose. Mrs Hall gave him a room. When she went there, she noticed that his clothes were still on. He was also wearing big blue spectacles with sidelights and had a bush side-whisker over his coat-collar that completely hid his cheeks and face. The next time she went into the room, she saw that the stranger had taken off his overcoat and hat. He was holding a handkerchief to his mouth that hid the lower portion of his jaw and that made his voice muffled. But what was more startling was that his whole face, except his pink nose, was covered in bandages. His hair bent through the bandages and gave him the most grotesque appearance. It gave Mrs Hall the shock of her life. Question 3. Describe Teddy Henfrey’s first impression of the Invisible Man. Answer. The Invisible Man was sleeping when Mrs Hall came with Mr Teddy Henfrey, the clock-jobber. He woke up with a startle. When Teddy entered, he was ‘taken aback’ by the bandaged appearance of the man. Getting his consent, Mr Teddy Henfrey proceeded to work. But he worked as slow as possible. He wanted to know more about the stranger. The stranger kept staring at him and the silence of the room made Teddy nervous. He tried to start a conversation, but the stranger snubbed him. Moreover, the stranger told him that he was wasting time and he should concentrate on his work and leave. Mr Teddy was really annoyed at this behaviour. He was the first one to spread rumours about the Invisible Man. He thought that the man was bandaged as he was trying to run away from the police. He told Mr Hall the same thing and asked him to take a note of the situation. Question 4. “It’s a rummy case altogether.” What was the ‘rummy case’? What possible explanation was given for it? Answer. The unusual stranger was staying in the ‘Coach and Horses’ inn at Iping. He was eagerly waiting for his luggage to arrive. Fearenside, the cart-driver brought the luggage and was standing outside the inn with Mr Hall. The Invisible Man came running down. Just as he was about to reach the cart, Fearenside’s dog attacked him. His glove and trousers were torn apart. But he said that he was not hurt. Later, Mr Teddy and Fearenside met at the bar and discussed the incident. Fearenside said that the man was black as when he saw through the tore trousers, he expected that his skin would be pinkish. But it was complete blackness. Mr Teddy Henfrey said that it was a ‘rummy case’ because his nose was pink. Fearenside said that the man was probably a piebald. He thought that the man was half-breed and therefore, kept himself covered all the time Question 5. “It’s a most remarkable story.” What made Mr Bunting say this? Answer. Mr Cuss, the general practitioner at !ping village, was a curious cat by nature. He heard about the stranger staying at (ping. The news of him being covered in bandages excited his professional interest. He was also jealous to learn that the stranger had numerous bottles of chemicals with him. He made the excuse of a subscription and was able to arrange a meeting with him. Unfortunately, the interview ended abruptly and he ran straight to another bar where Mr Bunting was sitting. He told Mr Bunting that the stranger got irritated with him and what happened next made him shiver and ran thinking that he had gone insane. Actually, Griffin had scared him by showing his empty sleeve and poking his nose with his invisible hand. Though Mr Bunting looked suspiciously at Mr Cuss, he said that “it’s a most remarkable story.” Question 6. How did Griffin move about in the village of Iping? What were the rumours revolving around regarding his bandages? Answer. Griffin’s behaviour was very unusual. He did not go to church. Some days he would be continuously busy in his work and on others, he would just pace up and down in his room. His temper was very unpredictable. Moreover, he rarely went abroad by daylight and had no communication with the outside world. However, he always kept himself covered whether it was cold or hot. Griffin would walk on the loneliest paths and among the shades of the

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trees. People often got scared when they met him walking down the street. Moreover, his appearance made him the talk of the town. Mrs Hall kept telling everybody that he was an `experimental investigator’. However, many also believed that he was a criminal trying to hide himself in bandages. Some thought that he was an anarchist. Then there were people like Fearenside who believed that he was a piebald. Question 7. Describe the burglary that took place at Mr Bunting’s house in your own words. Answer. In the wee hours of Whit Monday, Mrs Bunting was woken up by a strong impression that the door of the bedroom had opened and closed. When she was sure that there was an intruder in the house, she woke Mr Bunting up. Mr Bunting didn’t act in haste and after making sure that a burglar was at work, armed himself with a poker and went down. The couple could hear the study drawers being opened and rustle of papers. A match was lit in the study. Mr Bunting tried to peek, but he could spot no one. Suddenly, they heard the chink of money and realised that the burglar had found the reserve. Mr Bunting barged into the room only to find the room perfectly empty. They were completely astonished. The candle was lit and the money was gone, but there was no one in the room. Then they ran towards the sound coming from the kitchen but not a soul was to be found. Question 8. “My good old furniture! “Twas in that very chair my poor dear mother used to sit when I was a little girl. To think it should rise up against me now!” What had happened to Mrs Hall’s furniture? Answer. In the early hours of Whit Monday, the Halls woke up to attend a private matter. They were to add sarsaparilla to their beer. Mr Hall went upstairs to get the bottle and was surprised to notice that the stranger’s door was open Then he found the front door open which they had bolted last night. Curiously, he knocked at the door of the room but the room was empty. He called Mrs Hall up. All the stranger’s clothes were lying here and there. Mrs Hall touched them and concluded from the coldness that he had been out for long. Just then, the bed clothes gathered themselves aside. The stranger’s hat attacked Mrs Hall’s face. The chair jumped came to life and charged at Mrs Hall’s face. The chair threw the couple outside. Mrs Hall thought that her furniture was haunted and it was the stranger who put spirits in them. Question 9. Why did the narrator say that Mrs Hall had the better of the Invisible Man in the bar? Answer. After the attack by the furniture, the Halls were thinking of throwing out the stranger. Mrs Hall was very upset at what had happened. Moreover, when Mr Hall demanded an explanation, the stranger was very rude and asked to be left alone. The Halls had enough of his temper and Mrs Hall decided that she would not serve him any longer. She could hear the stranger in rage and ringing the bell, but she was resolute. When the stranger asked for her, she immediately demanded her payment and asked him to keep his swearing to himself. Her furiousness made the stranger back down and it was felt in the bar that Mrs Hall had had the better of him. She also accused him of stealing and demanded explanation for his unusual disappearances. Question 10. The people of Iping village were no match for the Invisible Man. What happened when they all tried to get him arrested? Answer. The stranger was very furious when Mrs Hall accused him of stealing money from Mr Bunting’s house. In a fit of rage, the stranger unveiled himself. The inn was not prepared for this sight and the panicked people ran outside. Mr Jaffers came with the warrant to arrest him. He said that head or no head, he would arrest the man. A fight ensued between the stranger and him and Mr Jaffers got brutally beaten up. However, with the help of Mr Hall, Mr Wadgers and others, the Invisible Man was subdued. But before anyone could suspect, the Invisible Man took off all his clothes and the people were left fighting with an invisible figure. Obviously, they were no match for him. Anyone who tried to catch him was hit. Mr Jaffers tried his best to get hold of him but was so forcefully hit that he was rendered flat on the gravel. Question 11. “Pull yourself together,” said the Voice, “for you have to do the job I’ve chosen for you.” Why had the Invisible Man chosen Mr Marvel? Did Mr Marvel prove his worth? Answer. After running away from the Iping village, the Invisible Man was filled with murderous rage. He was hungry and without shelter or clothes in the biting cold. It was then that he spotted Mr Thomas Marvel. He perceived Marvel to be an outcast like him and thought that he could be of great help. He wanted Marvel to aid him and act as a sidekick. The Invisible Man promised him rewards for his services. But he also threatened him of dire consequences if Marvel tried to cheat him. However, Mr Marvel was an opportunist. He tried to run away from him at Iping, but was caught. He also tried to reveal the secret to a mariner at Port Stowe. He managed to escape from Griffin at Burdock, with his invaluable three books and all his heist. Thus, we can conclude that, he was a poor sidekick and very much responsible for Griffin’s downfall. Question 12. Mr Cuss and Mr Bunting tried to play investigators, but Griffin humiliated them and still managed to escape with his three precious books. Elaborate. Answer. The Invisible Man escaped from the ‘Coach and Horses’ even though many villagers tried to stop him. They were all perplexed and nobody knew about his true identity. Mr Cuss and Mr Bunting appear to be the most lettered persons of the village. They started to investigate the Invisible Man’s belongings. Mr Marvel was successful in letting Griffin enter into the room. Before they could realise, Griffin started banging their heads. He was angry and wanted his books. The two were no match for him and easily gave in. He made Mr Cuss wear a kilt and took away all the vicar’s clothes. Aided by Mr Marvel, Griffin was able to get away with his books. In this way, he humiliated and ridiculed the two investigators. He managed to sneak out the books right under their noses. Question 13. The Invisible Man lost his temper and left the village of Iping in ruins. Comment. Answer. The Invisible Man, Griffin, had planned with Mr Marvel that they would get his books back. The plan went good until Mr Marvel was suspected of thievery and Mr Huxter started chasing him. His chase was brought to a halt by Griffin. However, the whole village also started chasing him. Mr Marvel had Griffin’s precious books. If he would have been caught, Griffin would have had a major setback. Hence, he started hurting the pursuers. Initially he

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wanted to aid Mr Marvel’s escape, but then he lost his temper. He set to smiting and overthrowing people for the mere pleasure of causing harm. Then he broke all the windows of the ‘Coach and Horses’ and thrust a street lamp through the parlour window of Mrs Gribble. The streets of Iping were left deserted, all kinds of stuff lay scattered and no soul was to be seen. Question 14. Why did Mr Marvel want to resign from the post of Griffin’s sidekick? Did Griffin let him go? Answer. Mr Marvel was able to get away with Griffin’s things with some help from the latter. But he tried to sneak away from Griffin too. However, Griffin caught up with him and probably hurt him. He also threatened to kill Mr Marvel if he tried that sort of thing ever again. Initially, Mr Marvel had to give in before Griffin as he was chosen for his work. He was also promised to be rewarded handsomely. But perhaps, the heist that he had to do at ‘ping was too much for him. He no longer wanted to be a part of Griffin’s plans. He told him that he was a very bad aid and would probably get his plans failed. But Griffin was not ready to let go of him. He could easily empower the short man and needed him to carry his things around. Moreover, Mr Marvel could prove to be of more help. He didn’t want to lose this advantage by giving up his services. Question 15. At Port Stowe, a mariner got talking to Mr Marvel. Describe their meeting in your own words. What kind of a person was the mariner? Answer. Mr Marvel was sitting anxious on a bench in Port Stowe. A mariner came to him and started talking about a news published in the newspaper. It was about the Invisible Man. Mr Marvel was nervous. He tried to relate to the mariner that he knew many things about the Invisible Man. However, Griffin was just around him and started hurting him. Mr Marvel got up abruptly and leaving his listener hanging, left the place. The mariner was left irate. He shouted at Mr Marvel and said that he had no elementary manners. The mariner appears to be a lonely sort of a guy who would seek company in awkward news and wouldn’t mind talking to tramps. He was also easily influenced as he believed that the story of the Invisible Man was true because it came from a real place, equipped with names and details. He held his temper when Mr Marvel ignored him, but when he lost it, he came out shouting curses at him. Question 16. How did the people at the ‘Jolly Cricketers’ react when Mr Marvel came running to them asking for refuge? Answer. The atmosphere at the ‘Jolly Cricketers’ was relaxed when they heard shouting down the street. Suddenly, Mr Marvel opened the door and shouted that the Invisible Man was after him. He told the crowd that the Invisible Man wanted to murder him. The people there were quick to react and the policeman asked the door to be closed. The black beard man said that Mr Marvel was safe. Then there was rapping on the door. The barman provided Mr Marvel refuge. They were all brave and swift. They made a plan to catch the Invisible Man. The black beard man got his revolver out, but the policeman told him that he just couldn’t kill a man. He replied that he knew his laws and wanted to shoot at the legs. Griffin entered through the back door and got Mr Marvel. But they all jumped to save him. Finally, the struggle ended when the black beard man fired all ends out. Question 17. “All men, however highly educated, retain some superstitious inklings.” How did the eerie feelings take over Dr Kemp? Answer. Dr Kemp was busy in his study when the bell of his front door rang. He expected that someone would come up, but upon inquiring with his maid, he found that it was a runaway call. This made him very uneasy. He worked till late and went to bed around two o’clock. However, he got thirsty and came down. Near the stairs he found a dark spot and wondered what it was. He was burdened with thoughts. He touched the stain and it was drying blood. When he came to his room, he found that the door-handle of his own room was blood-stained. His room was also in a mess and there was more blood over there. The bedclothes were depressed as if someone had been recently sitting there. Then, he heard his own name being taken and heard a movement across the room. The ‘eerie feelings’ took over him at this point. Question 18. Do you think that Griffin himself was responsible for his tragic end or the society forced him to turn against his own kind? Answer. Griffin was a gifted scientist. But it is also true that he was eccentric. He was the only one to be blamed for his tragic end. He might derive sympathy from the reader when he was chased for being different. However, on a deeper level, we have realised that he adopted many evil ways to accomplish his desires. When he ran out of money, he robbed his own father which led to his suicide. He also hurt the owner of the costume shop. Though he was misunderstood by the people at Great Portland street, where all the fiasco started, he burned the whole house down just to hide his discovery. He wanted to establish a reign of terror and believed that his invisibility provided him with godly powers. He turned against his own race and died a tragic end. Question 19. Griffin got into the Omniums empty handed and left empty handed. How had his planned failed? Answer. Griffin was stark naked and without food and shelter in the streets of London. Then he got a brilliant idea. He managed to enter the huge shop. He clambered up a collection of bedsteads and waited till the shop was completely empty. After the place was immersed in silence, Griffin got down. He went straight towards the clothing section and adorned many things—from socks to hat. Then his next hit was the food. Near the toy department, he had another brilliant idea. He could fake an appearance by using false items. Finally, he went to sleep and was at peace after a long time. Unfortunately for him, he slept till late and the store opened. He was spotted. The workers ran after him. Griffin tried to hide, but somebody saw him. He resorted to hurting his pursuers and created a mess at the store. Finally, he had to take all his clothes off to go out of sight.

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Question 20. Griffin thought that as he was invisible, he could easily rob anyone. However, the hunchback made it a hard task. Elaborate. Answer. Griffin reached the desired shop in Drury Lane. There was no one in the shop when Griffin entered. The gate had a clanking bell and immediately the owner of the house, a short hunched man, came running down. Griffin tried to follow the man, but he sensed it. The quickness of his ear surprised Griffin. The man was busy washing his plates when Griffin put some coal in the fire. Immediately, the man came running upstairs. When Griffin was following him on the stairs, he suddenly stopped and was just an inch away from Griffin’s face. Griffin was nearly caught when he was searching for clothes. This made the hunchback furious. He started locking the doors of the house and before Griffin could do anything, he was locked in a room. Griffin could hardly control himself and he knocked him out cold. He explained that the hunchback gave him no choice. Question 21. How did Dr Kemp’s plan to get the Invisible Man arrested fail? Answer. Even before Dr Kemp had heard of the sinister works of the Invisible Man, he had decided to turn him over to the police. He had written a note that very night Griffin came into his house, informing Colonel Adye about his presence. Griffin was narrating the incidents that had led to his invisibility and further his encounter with Dr Kemp. Dr Kemp saw some men coming up to the house and he tried to keep Griffin busy. He asked about Griffin’s plans. Just then, sounds were heard from downstairs. Dr Kemp knew that it was the police and he tried to divide Griffin’s attention. But when Griffin tried to open the door, he blocked him. In an instant, Griffin realised that Dr Kemp had cheated him. He took his clothes off, hit Dr Kemp as hard as he could and before anyone could make a move, he made his escape from Dr Kemp’s house. Question 22. How did Dr Kemp use the knowledge given to him by Griffin himself to get him arrested? Were his attempts fruitful? Answer. After the plan to get Griffin arrested failed, Dr Kemp informed Colonel Adye that Griffin was mad. He further told him that Griffin must be stopped or he will next turn to killing people. Dr Kemp used the knowledge given to him by Griffin against him. He wanted that every available man should be put to hunt. He wanted to stop Griffin from escaping. He knew that the only thing that could stop him from leaving the place was his three books. Dr Kemp said that they must stop him from eating or sleeping and every single person should be on alert. Dr Kemp further said that they should use dogs as they could smell him. Another important thing was that the food eaten by Griffin was visible until it had been absorbed. He also wanted powdered glass on the roads s Griffin was are feet. Alas! In spite of these elaborate plans Griffin was able to sleep and eat. Question 23. How did Griffin meet his tragic end? Answer. Griffin was filled with murderous rage. His confidant, Dr Kemp, had cheated him. He decided to murder Dr Kemp to set an example. He laid siege on his house. However, Dr Kemp was saved by two policemen and Griffin was hurt. Dr Kemp ran towards the village and Griffin followed. Dr Kemp kept running, but he couldn’t make up his mind about where to seek shelter. Meanwhile, many people saw him and hearing his shouts came out to help him. They started running towards him and tried to provide him with some cover. As others were trying to defend Dr Kemp, Griffin started beating him. Dr Kemp held his broken arm and Griffin cried. Suddenly, a labourer hit him with a spade. Griffin started to bleed. They all held him down and he started crying for mercy. Dr Kemp asked everybody to leave him. However, it was too late and Griffin had died in the struggle. The ‘gifted physicist’ met a tragic end. Question 24. Do you think that Dr Kemp was really a traitor as he cheated Griffin and let out all his secrets? Give reasons. Answer. Griffin and Dr Kemp were old acquaintances and both were scientists. However, Griffin wanted to establish a reign of terror and Dr Kemp thought about the social conditions of the future. Griffin was an eccentric scientist. He wanted to smite everyone who came in his way. On the other hand, Dr Kemp thought of the greater good. Even before Griffin had mentioned his sinister plans, Dr Kemp had decided to turn him over to the police. After hearing his plans, Dr Kemp was shocked. Realising the threat that Griffin posed to the society, he was hell-bent upon capturing him. Therefore, it is not right to call Dr Kemp a traitor. Though he had cheated Griffin, he was thinking about the betterment of the society. He wanted to save the society from the devil that Griffin was. Question 25. What forced Griffin to burn down the house in Great Portland Street? Answer. Griffin had found an accommodation in a slum near the Great Portland Street. He filled the room with the apparatus that he needed to carry on with his experiment. His long labour bore fruit and he was able to make a woollen cloth disappear. Then he tried to make a cat invisible. The noises made by the cat brought her owner to Griffin’s footsteps. She suspected him of vivisection. Next day, the landlord came asking questions. Griffin behaved rudely with him and threw him out. This was a crisis situation. He carried out the experiment on himself and became invisible. However, he was insecure and thought that someone could understand what he was doing. He dismantled all his apparatus, but still he was not sure. He feared that his discovery would become public. Therefore, he burned down the house to cover his trails. Question 26. What were the difficulties faced by Griffin to achieve his dream of invisibility? Were the ways adopted by him morally correct? Answer. Light fascinated Griffin and he dropped medicine to pursue physics. He worked like a slave. After six months of hard labour, he found a general principle of pigments and refraction and deduced a formula. He researched and concluded that to make something invisible in air, its refractive index must be lowered so as to equate with that of air. He also knew that humans were also transparent theoretically. After six years of toil, and with ideas in his mind, he went to London. He hid his experiments from everyone, including his professor. For three more years, he fought with exasperation and realised that he was out of money. At this point he robbed his father which led to his death. His secret nature made people suspicious. Finally, at Great Portland Street, he had to carry out the

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experiment in haste. He burned the house down to cover his trails. No, the methods that he adopted for achieving his dream were not moral. His ways were vile and sinister. Question 27. Griffin’s invisibility. It was like having a godly power. Still he cried with helplessness. Why did Griffin grow so much hopeless? Answer. Griffin was having a hard time adjusting with his newly acquired filled with power. Even his walk was clumsy. However, he was great joy and his mind was busy in the things he could do without behind. The man carrying being seen. Suddenly, he was hit from the basket was greatly surprised and this made Griffin laugh. A cabman rushed to catch the basket and his hands met Griffin’s neck. Griffin was hurt and the crowd rushed to the scene. Griffin was in the danger of being discovered. So, he ran away from the place. On the street, his feet got stamped, his shoulder got bruised and most of all he was stark naked and thus, caught a cold. Griffin’s initial happiness had flown away and he thought how he was going to get out of the mess he was in. He was feeling so helpless that he nearly cried. Q 28. What had happened to Wicksteed? What effect did it have on the people of Burdock? Answer. Mr Wicksteed was a man of forty five or forty six. His demeanor could hardly entice anyone to cause any harm to him. But he was found brutally murdered. The incidents leading to his death were not clear. The author says that his murder was a mystery as no one had seen what actually happened. However, everyone suspected that it was the Invisible Man who carried out the killing. The narration takes an imaginative turn. The author says that probably Griffin was filled with rage and carried an iron rod. The flying rod caught Mr Wicksteed’s attention and he went after it. Griffin did not want to be discovered so he attacked him and as a result Mr Wicksteed was killed. Burdock was immersed in a thrill of horror after this. Question 29. Illustrate is the ending of the novel “The Invisible Man” happy and just? What is your reaction when Griffin gets killed and Marvel gets to keep all the stolen money? Are you glad that the invisibility formula is hidden from Kemp , who could use it? Answer. The novel, The Invisible Man ends on a happy note. As science is always viewed by humans from an ethical angle, this novel clearly indicates that when science and its findings are vitiated for personal gain or against the good of humanity, it not only gets destroyed by the forces of good but also makes sure that the originator of the evil perpetration is also destroyed in the bargain. In this work, the evil genius Griffin not only meets a sad end but also suffers untold miseries because of his misuse of his findings and his personal behaviour under the influence of drugs and medication. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Note: These are some of the important questions on the bases of textual comprehension and analytic approach from the novel The Invisible Man with their possible and sample answers which are in the forms of value points. The points have to be simply expanded so as to draft full length answers. Examples can be cited from the text wherever necessary. Explanation is also required wherever it is directed. 1. Illustrate whether the ending of the novel justified? What is your reaction when Griffin gets killed and Marvel gets to keep all the stolen money? Are you glad that the invisibility formula is hidden from Kemp, who could use it? Value Points: As there is always an element of nemesis in order to justify man's doings. The novelist also to provide poetic justice to the story gets Griffin killed as the thing he did was against mankind and however innovative and ambitious the plan may be, if it proves fatal to the mankind it needs to be curtailed. As such the ending is thoroughly justified. Though Griffin deserves punishment his melodramatic killing on the part of the public was too severe and a little bit unfair as a second chance might have worked for his transformation. It was just unwholesome and surprising that undeserving and a turn coat Marvel got hold of Griffin's money in the end, which also shows the irrationality pervading in the world. In other way round it was right that Marvel who could not do any thing of the formulae of invisibility, was found to have possessed with the books otherwise they could be misused by Kemp or if not by him, by any other scientist as we can hardly assertain about the mind of man. 2. Justify the title ‘The Strange Man’s Arrival’. Value Points: The first chapter is aptly entitled as it is about the arrival of the stranger which triggers the exposition of the novel. The plot of the novel depends on his arrival, and creates an atmosphere of suspense and mystery that hangs on till the end of the novel. The unusual appearance of the stranger. (Give illustrations) The equally unusual behaviour to all who venture in into Griffin's room. 3. What impressions do you form of the stranger by his strange appearance and the intermittent conversation with Mrs. Hall? Value Points: A person of mysterious nature. A man of weird intention who keeps all his intention and designs to himself. Having a very secret mission which he does not want to let anyone know and only for this purpose he came to this solitude (Iping) or rather 'dropped form infinity'.

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A very laconic and unsociable person having no regard for the people and their affection. A man who perhaps deliberately wills to remain a mystery. 4. Mrs. Hall tried to prove the best of hosts but the regular snubbing on the part of the stranger frustrated all her efforts. Comment. OR What different conversational advances did Mrs. Hall try to make? How did the stranger respond and Why did he do so? Value Points: Having a guest at Iping in the dead time of the year was undoubtedly an unheard piece of luck and that too the person who was no haggler. Keeping this thing in mind she did not wish to let him go on account of reluctant services. Started being the best of hosts by insuring every thing ready in time. (Give examples). However she failed to assess him and sometimes went too far in her considering him, and as such, had to face rebukes. (Give examples). Taking the advantage of offering tea or lunch sometimes, about his asking for getting his luggage brought and telling the story of her nephew. Though seemed sometimes sociable but cautious at the same time of the unwarranted intrusion in his private life in any way, he frustrated all her efforts to sneak into his life. He did it as talking casually might result in giving some clue about his mysterious identity and secret objective. 5. What difference do you find in Mrs. Hall’s treatment of the stranger and her husband? How much importance did Mrs. Hall give to Mr. Hall’s observations, remarks and suggestions about the strange guest that she had taken into the “Coaches and Horses” inn? What traits of her character are highlighted by her approach? Value Points: Mrs Hall was dominating kind of wife who perhaps had low opinion of her husband. Mr Hall too was a little sluggish in his approach to personal, professional and familial life and as such, failed to be the bread and butter winner, leaving only a poor impression on his wife's mind. On the other hand she had an opportunity to earn money even in off season time. She, therefore, did not want to entertain any opposite idea on the part of other people about the stranger. There could be a tinge of jealousy in Mr Hall which she noticed and as such, regarded his observations being little bit prejudiced about the stranger. By this way it can be concluded that she was a credulous, somewhat irresponsible (in believing the stranger even without confirming his identity) about her family's well-being and judgmental about her husband (not giving any respect to what he said). 6. Describe the stranger’s behaviour while unpacking the crates. What does it indicate about his personality? Value Points: Impatient, and eager for the accomplishment of his task i.e. preparing the antidote of his invisibility. Careless about any other consideration like spoiling the room of Mrs. Hall. The behaviour also shows how desperate he is to get his previous form back as this invisibility has frustrated him to the core. A very diligent, concerned, laborious, guy he is to his work. He is very objective in his approach to his work. 7. What made Cuss interview the stranger? What kind of interview was it and what did come out of it? Value Points: The interview was not intended fairly by Cuss. He with an evil desire to know about the stranger out of his professional envy tried to infuriate him rather know something valuable. (Detail it slightly) It was a fake type of interview as Cuss asked something else and had his eyes and aim at something else. It turned out to be an extra ordinary, an unusual and a nightmarish kind of experience for Cuss as the things he noticed and felt could hardly be rationalized. (Give details) 8. There has been a shift in Mrs. Hall’s temperament and opinion about the stranger in sixth chapter. Explain the statement in context of the chapter. OR What made Mrs. Hall change her opinion about the stranger and what change do you notice in her attidude towards the stranger? Value Points: A person can feel comfortable even sometimes in the odd behavior and can tolerate somebody if there is something to have monetary gains or some other self-vested interest. However, if there is an element of supernatural in it, all the possibilities of bearing with the person fly. The same happened with Mrs Hall. The shift directly appeared in Hall's attitude by the experience she had in the stranger's room. (Give details) The money making pursuit which she had in tolerating Griffin's offending antics vanished when she found something of the unusual and particularly para-natural or supernatural in the stranger. (Give details) 9. Why did the invisible man choose Mr. Marvel as his helper and why did Mr. Marvel comply? Value Points:

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Having been thrown by the people at Coach and Horses and having no hope with those people Griffin wanted someone who was of his own type. Mr. Marvel was a socially outcast and of awkward temperament (explain) which suited Griffin's purpose i.e. luggage carrier and money pocket. Mr. Marvel had no choice (explain) on the one hand and on the other was tempted to the supposed benefits he would have being with the stranger with the infinite powers of invisibility. 10. The unusually strange experience with the invisible man could not weaken the enthusiasm of the people for much awaited ‘Whit Monday’. Justify the statement. Value Points: The people of Iping were simple minded and as such, could not be distracted by any unusual event for so long. Moreover they were not sceptic in their approach to the supernatural or unusual event, and could easily believe the thing i.e. the invisibility the stranger. The people come out of their homes in order to celebrate the much awaited event of Whit Monday. They were in their gala dress (Explain) and in their cheerful moods. 11. Give pen portrait of Dr. Kemp and contrast it with that of Griffin. Value Points: Introduction: Kemp was a research scholar who aspired for fellowship of Royal Society, and at the same time wanted to get his journals published so as to benefit the masses. (Explain his physical features) Sceptic: He could not believe anything unusual as such like supernatural or the thing or idea like invisibility. (Explain) Contrasting Personality: He presents a sharp contrast to GriffinIntentionally: He had fair vision to be achieved by his discovery while Griffin to create a reign of terror. (Explain) -- He kept all his work or did his research in open way unlike Griffin who always kept his plans to himself. (Explain) -- He proved to be the benefactor of humankind by getting Griffin arrested while the latter even killed Wickstead and harmed other few just like anything. 12. Unseen fear of something strange often leads to puzzle senses of the people. Justify the statement in the light of people at ‘Jolly Cricketers’ and their handling the invisible man. Value Points: Often fear drives the people so much that they go with willing suspension of disbelief. Their sensuous impression works more than the reality. Describe the scene of Jolly Cricketers when Marvel took shelter and the stranger followed him and created ruckus. People's getting afraid and as such, behaving in an unusual way. Their (mention names) trying to hit him. Lastly their assuming that they had hit him severely and believing that the stranger was killed. 13. “All men, however highly educated retain some superstitious inkling”. Explain the line in context of Dr. Kemp's reaction at unusual sight in his house. Value Points: If we even tend to doubt the existence of something like supernatural it tends to exist and if we rule it out completely it does not. Every impression stays in our subconscious mind for some time and if we incline to think of it, there may be chances of believing its existence. Our so-called rationality, however, sometimes belies our senses. The same happened with Kemp as well. (Explain his impressions of Marvel's running as if he had been chased, the spot of blood and his experience of the invisible man in his room.) 14. What strange thoughts or nightmare Griffin had when he was sleeping after he had executed his experiment on himself and why did he feel so? What do these suggest about his present state? Value Points: The experiment was being carried out at the cost of his social, familial and personal life. Even he became less scrupulous about stealing his father's money which later on caused him to commit suicide. This had created a kind of unease in Griffin's psyche that did not leave him in his sleep. The chaos in his subconscious mind resulted in his experiencing his father at his funeral. He felt as if somebody were pulling him into the grave itself. (Explain) Effect on his life: Guilt ridden about the supposed killing of his father and obsessive about his remembrances. He became a kind irritated person and could not develop intimacy with anybody. (Explain) 15. Once Griffin saw no drawbacks in the invisibility but when he became invisible, there came to his view thousands of disadvantages. Explain the statement in the general way when we have certain fantastic plans and the ensuing disappointment when we have realized them. Value Points: There have been many examples evident whenever ambition turns into vaulting ambition, the result has been disastrous. This was the case with Tithonas when he asked for immortality, and had to regret later on. The same case was with Dr. Faustus who regretted sorely after signing a bond with the Satan. His wish to do whatever he could failed to satisfy him and ultimately his mortality came very soon. Bhasmasur's over ambition turned into his own downfall when he took it otherwise. Griffin also failed to be an exception to it. His wild idea of invisibility of conquering the world and creating a reign of terror led him to be oblivious of a thousands of drawbacks he would have to be exposed to.

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(Explain the drawbacks like his being prone to the weather condition, crowd's reaction or their unbidden collision etc.) 16. Sometimes the plan or the intention behind some ambitious innovation is so wicked that the accomplishment of it is either prevented from or if it is done, it is done with some irreparable faults. Justify the statement with Griffin's plans and intentions. Value Points: There is always an element of nemesis (retribution) implied in all the evil tasks that human being presupposes.There have been many examples evident whenever ambition turns into vaulting ambition the result has been disastrous. This was the case with Tithonas when he asked for immortality and had to regret later on. The same case was with Dr. Faustus who regretted sorely after signing a bond with the Satan. His wish to do whatever he could failed to satisfy him and ultimately his mortality came very soon. Bhasmasur's over-ambition turned into his own downfall when he took it otherwise. All these examples show that the evil intended task is always prevented from its accomplishment as was desired. The reason is that the welfare of humankind is above the malicious intentional innovation. Though Griffin did the impossible yet he failed to generate fair intention in him after its fulfillment. (Explain his intention) (Explain the challenges he faced during and after the accomplishment of his idea of invisibility) 17. Often the innocent people fall the victim of the mad raid. Justify the statement with Griffin attacking and killing Wickstead desperately and cruelly. Why did he do so? Value Points: The cruelty of a few people is suffered by many and, that too more often by the innocent. When the over ambitious plan is felt to be of no use or ruined, the frustration is faced by the one who has the least to do with it. Griffin, betrayed by the infidelity of Kemp, felt deeply anguished and at the same time the mounting disillusionment left him at a troubled state of mind. The result was the desperate murder of the innocent Wickstead and the throwing of a child. Reason: It was the last desperate attempt of resolution to accumulate the shattered pieces of his broken wild ambition and evil some plans. (Explain) 18. The entire course of Griffin’s life is that of wickedness, cruelty, rudeness and unscrupulous existence. However, at the end he ended with a tragic note. Explain the statement with Griffin’s chasing his ambition, getting deceived and finally leading to his catastrophic death. Value Points: "Cut is the branch that might have grown full straight, And burned is Apollo's laurel-bough, That sometime grew within this learned man. ... Regard his hellish fall...." The above mentioned lines clearly justify the situation of Griffin as he himself ventured into something beyond natural and scientific laws and limits. (Explain the instances of his wickedness and rudeness which he showed to various people he came across.) His sacrifices to follow his ambitious task. His interaction with Marvel and Kemp and having been deceived by the latter. His Final doom and tragic death at the hand of the people prematurely.

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VALUE BASED QUESTIONS CLASS XII FLAMINGO The Last Lesson 1. M. Hamel went to talk of the French-Language saying it was the most beautiful language in the world – the clearest, the most logical; that we must guard it among us and never forget it. Do you think modern Indian youth in their craze to ape the western culture are ignoring Indian languages/culture? How can we protect our regional languages from being forgotten? - Awareness of our rich tradition - Take pride in our language/culture - At the same time, refrain from linguistic chauvinism - Participate and promote discussions and debates in regional languages - Have flexible approach – learn Indian languages alongside foreign languages Textual Input Adults and children at Alsace were indifferent to their mother tongue 2. ‘My last French Lesson! Why I hardly learned how to write! I should never learn anymore! I must stop there then. The problem of wastage – school dropouts and illiteracy/backwardness still plagues our country. What qualities on the part of the administration, educationists and youth do you think will help to surmount this hurdle? - Clarity of vision - Strong political will - Awareness among parents/children-importance of education - Affluent or rich – need to give backs to society - Educated youth to spearhead the process 3. It was their way of thanking their master for his 40 years of faithful service and of showing respect for the country that was their no more. Do you think we acknowledge the service of good teachers/educationists? What values should students develop towards their elders especially teachers? - Respect/courtesy - Politeness - Sensitivity in terms of oral responses/body language - Pay heed to their suggestions - Interact to broaden vistas of knowledge Textual Input At Alsace, parents were keen to send their children to work on farms 2. Lost Spring 1. ‘Lost Spring’ by Anees Jung brings out the condition of children in India. Even after sixty five years of independence we have children who do not go to school, work in inhuman conditions and live in slums. As a nation we have somewhere failed in our duty. What values do we need to inculcate among the people of this nation in order to bring back the ‘spring’ in the lives of these children. - Strong will to ensure that all children get basic education - A sense of commitment - Wanting to help children - Say no to child labour - To do something for the society Textual Input Mukesh, Savita and Saheb are victims of child labour 2. Mukesh and Saheb are victims of society’s apathy. What should be our attitude towards them. - Complete understanding of their situation - To create awareness in the society about the underprivileged - To garner support from youngsters and start night school - Not to look down upon them CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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3. None of them know that it is illegal for children like him to work in the glass furnaces with high temperatures, in dingy cells without air and light.’ As citizens of this country what do you think is our duty ? What steps can youngsters like you take to reduce the scourge of poverty? - Work with NGOs and create awareness on rights and duties - Provide education to these children - Educate their parents about the ills and dangers of making their children work in inhuman conditions - Create co-operatives to provide soft loan for these people 3.DEEP WATER 1. With reference to the big boy who pushed Douglas into the pool we realize that many a times we fail to understand others fears and weaknesses and make fun of them without realising how much harm we are doing to the psyche of the person. What qualities does a person need to imbibe in order not to undermine others? - Understanding - Encouraging nature - Sympathetic - Kind. The ability to guide and talk them out of their fear and not to preach or tease Textual Input: Big boy would have thought Douglas would take care 2. From the experience of William Douglas, we understand that it is possible to overcome even our worst fears. How can a person make this possible? - Grit - Hard work - Optimism - Persistence - Self confidence Textual Input: Douglas realizes and addresses his fears 3. William Douglas did manage to overcome his fear of water but part of the credit also goes to his teacher who played an important part in making this happen. How can learning be made more effective? - Methodical - Patience - Creativity - Practice - Sincerity - Diligence 4. RATTRAP 1. The rattrap seller thinks of the whole world as nothing but a big trap and the riches and joys, shelter and food, heat and clothing are just baits for people .This metaphor seems right in today’s world where people are ready to resort to any means to get what they want . They are tempted to resort to bribery, corruption, addiction and thievery at the slightest provocation. As future citizens enumerate the qualities we need to prevent us from falling into this trap. - Hard Work - Honesty - Pride - Integrity, Self-Respect and Self Esteem - A helping nature Textual Input: Peddler absolves himself with Edla’s help 2. Edla manages to bring about a change in the rattrap seller. What qualities do you think will help reform a person? - Care and Concern - Trust in others - Goodness - Empathy - Love and affection Textual Input : Edla allowing peddler to stay at her house 3. We were just saying that it was too bad we didn’t have any company for Christmas .' The spirit of Christmas needs to be nurtured in our hearts not only during the festive throughout the year. How can the spirit of Christmas be kept alive throughout the year? CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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- Charity - Helpfulness - Empathy - Caring - Goodwill - Tolerance - Nurturing Brotherhood 5. INDIGO BY LOUIS FISCHER 1. Mahatma Gandhi represented the share croppers of Champaran in their fight against the British, seeking justice for themselves and release from the 15 % arrangement. He led from the front and secured justice for the poor and oppressed. In the light of reading the lesson ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer, write the text of a speech on ‘The qualities of a good leader’ Answer Suggested Value points - Dynamic, honest above all - Working as a team, methodical - Moral and social grip over the people - Transparent, firm and confident - Altruistic-welfare of the people under him, at all cost. Textual inputs: Organised as seen in Gandhiji’s way of working, investigating facts, presenting argument 2. Gandhiji said ‘Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor’. It is very clear from the lesson ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer that freedom from fear is a pre-requisite for justice . Discuss in an article for the school magazine the ill effects of fear- analyzing whether Indians are really free from fear after independence. Suggested Value points - Fear is a sign of weakness, fearlessness is strength. - Giving up fear needed to fight for our rights. - Fear is hindrance to progress, curbs freedom of expression. - Humans-born free. - Current scenario- Political clout used to twist laws/justice - Bureaucracy, red-tapism, money and muscle power rule the roost. - horrifying cases of arrest of people who speak against political leaders, or are critical of policies. Textual inputs Gandhiji believed in freedom of the spirit which was achieved when masses gathered in support of him near the court. 3. Gandhiji was not allowed to draw water from the well lest some drops from his bucket pollute the entire source. (Indigo- Louis fischer). Such discrimination would prove to be detrimental to the society. Analyse the importance of acquiring humane qualities in an article for a news paper. Suggested Value points - Absolutely wrong to discriminate – not to be tolerated - God is one and we are his children. - need to understand the values of universal brotherhood, goodwill and tolerance. - Upliftment of the poor and downtrodden, to be humane. - Make them more self reliant Textual inputs Even Gandhiji was discriminated against because he was with Rajkumar Shukla. 6- POETS AND PANCAKES BY ‘ASOKA MITRAN’ 1. Humour enlivens the drudgery of life. Variety is the spice of life and the varied account of events and personalities in the Gemini studios serves to make the reading interesting and also add to the humour quotient in one’s life. (poets and pan cakes by Asokamitran) Taking the cue from the lesson discuss how calmness of the mind can be achieved through light hearted banters. / humour Suggested Value points - Laughter / humour – the best medicine - Endears a person to others, able to strike a conversation / laugh at oneself. - Controls stress, relieves tension. CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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- Makes us forget our worries - Promotes camaraderie - makes us less impulsive Textual inputs Slapping make up to make the actors look ugly so that they look presentable on screen. 2. The ‘office boy’ in the Gemini studios, ( lesson-Poets and Pan cakes) by Asoka mitran attributes his inability to rise up the ladder in work to Subbu and the strict hierarchy followed in the film company of S.S. Vasan. However strict the hierarchy, our ‘Action should speak more than words’. Hard work, honesty and sincerity of purpose should be the mantra to success. Explain this in not more than 100 words. Suggested Value points - No shortcut to success-only hardwork is the key. - Instead of blaming others for our misfortunes, we should face challenges head on. - Try to find a solution and not evade the problem or brood over it. - ‘Office boy’ not ready to accept his flaws , or find out how to overcome the hurdle. - Must have passion for one’s work - Work should be workship –not to be deterred by division of labour. - Must have the tenacity and determination to prove oneself. Textual inputs: Should not become cynical like the office boy. 3. There was a great deal of National Integration in the Gemini studios with the make-up department being headed by people from all parts of India in succession. (Poets and Pan cakes by Asoka mitran ) The need of the hour in India is an idealistic situation where people are more tolerant towards each other to realize the dreams, our founding fathers had dreamt at the time of Independence. What role could the Youth of India play in this regard? Suggested Value points - Becoming secular in spirit. - To be more spiritual than religious - Working together in social causes-rising above pettiness of mind - Bringing about 100 % literacy, to become more tolerant and understanding - Promote values of compassion and love through street plays, music and dance (fine arts) - Schools should promote National Integration , patriotism by developing life skills. Textual inputs: As seen in the hierarchy of the make up. 7. The Interview Q. 1. Umberto Eco’s brilliant use of time is something many people lack despite being gifted otherwise. What is the importance of time management in one’s life. Elucidate in around 100 words. Suggested Value points - time is money - increased work / responsibilities best handled only if time is managed properly. - keeps idling at bay - promotes attributes / qualities which are positive - keeps stress and stress-related anxiety at bay. Textutal inputs interstices Q.2. Mukund Padmanabhan’s interview of Umberto Eco allows the reader to assess them as an effective interviewer and an affable interviewee. Besides this, Eco’s impressive personality is also revealed. What is the moral responsibility that rests with the interviewer as well as the interviewee, considering that interviews as a medium of communication is very popular today? Answer in around 100 words. Suggested Value points - audience forms opinions - impressionable age / formative years governed by many factors. - young audience will therefore be easily influenced - celebrities powerful enough CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH 64

- celebrities powerful enough to promote right values - role models for youth - hero-worshipping bound to happen, so could handle rightly. - core values easily recognized as one speaks / gives an interview - today’s society severely deprived of good role-models. - sensationalism could be curbed - will help take focus away from ill-refined news / 6trends Textutal inputs Mukund Padmanabhan’s questions relevant, not personal/controversial Q.3. Umberto Eco introduced a playful and personal quality to his academic (written) work, thereby keeping himself away from the kind of disappointment his friend Roland Barthes felt when he could not write narratives. Why is it necessary to love what you get? Suggested Value points - work drudgery bound to set in or else - will stop creativity if disinterested - bringing in passion will increase self-motivation and drive - life is short, may not always provide opportunities elsewhere - every moment should be considered opportune time to grow / learn - greater satisfaction possible Textutal inputs Eco loved narratives-incorporated them into academic work e.g doctoral thesis 8.Going Places: 1. To accomplish great things, we must dream as well as act. To reach great heights dreams must manifest into actions. Mere dreams without action remain an illusion. Sophie dreamed of owning a boutique. What do you think should be the plan of action to fulfill such a dream? - determination - focus - hard work - perseverance - skill Textual input: Sophie should aim at acquiring the requisite skill and qualification. 2. Money never made a man happy yet, nor will it. There is nothing in its nature to produce happiness. The more a man has, the more he wants. Instead offilling a vacuum, it makes one. Benjamin Franklin Sophie like many children today, aspires for things beyond her means and is always looking for material comforts. What values need to be instilled in children so that they learn to be better human beings and not purely materialistic? - practical - contentment - satisfaction Textual Input: Sophie’s dreams are all connected to the world of glitz and glamour (fashion designer, actress etc) 3. Jansie is pragmatic and realistic in her aspirations and outlook in life. Jansie’s outlook in life is praiseworthy and worth emulating. Enlist the values that one could develop which could make us endearing and successful. - sincere - practical/pragmatic - realistic - frank Textual input : Jansie’s caution to Sophie to wean her away from being whimsical.

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POETRY 1.My Mother at Sixty Six 1. ‘And realised with pain that she looked as old as she was.’ Are we neglecting our elderly folk? What qualities do you think the youth have to inculcate towards the elderly? - Yes, empathy - Respect - Set an example to next generation 2. ‘…..all I said was see you soon amma….. All I did was smile and smile’ In the wake of old age home mushrooming in India as well, and many of the elderly people abandoned or thrown out of their homes, how do you think youngsters can help the elderly to overcome loneliness and grief in the sunset of their lives? - Empathy - Respect - Gratitude - Courtesy - Selflessness - Responsibility 3. Life offers a variety of opportunities to help us overcome difficulties - Happy people - Nature - Work/study 2.AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOM IN A SLUM Stephen Spender And yet, for these Children, these windows, not this map, their world Where all their future’s painted with a fog 1. Their world and their future is painted with a fog. As a society, what do we need to do to bring about a change in the lives of children who are not so lucky? - Kindness and concern - Generosity - Empathy - Selflessness - Perseverance 2. How could these windows be made more meaninglful? - True education - Window of opportunity 3.KEEPING QUIET Pablo Neruda Now we will count to twelve And we will all keep still 1. In today’s world where war, violence, crime and a disregard for others has become the trend. What is it that needs to be done to make the world a better place? - Care and concern for others - Awareness that everyone is not fortunate - Introspection - Determination to do something for the underprivileged - Time management – not to let measures taken drag on - Mutual understanding and cooperation - Need for rest and relaxation (Textual Input: Walk about with brothers , Victory with no survivors) 2. Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire According to you how can we prevent these wars? - Concern CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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- Awareness - Eco-friendly perspective - Sincerity in understanding the need to take action - To be knowledgeable 3. What would happen if the wars are not prevented? - Death - Destruction - Suffering - Pain 4 .A Thing of Beauty 1. ‘A bower quiet for us, and a sleep Full of sweet dreams….’ Nature promises man comforts against all odds. But it is for man to recognize them. Explain - Uplifts spirits - Gives joy - Relieves tension 2. ‘….grandeur of the dooms …..for the mighty dead’ How can one draw inspiration from great men? - From their lives/actions - We live in our deeds/not years - Role models 3. ‘…..inhuman dearth Of noble natures…..’ What is necessary to fill the world with noble people - Thought good, words noble, actions nobles - Promote values - Recognize good people/work 5. A ROADSIDE STAND Q.1. The ‘requisite lift of spirit’ has never been found in the ‘voice of the country’. Robert Frost’s concern for village/country folk has relevance in the Indian context as well. Explain. Suggested Value points - village prosperity is key to country’s progress. - Gandhiji’s vision - long years / decades of suffering will result in rebellion / uprising as proved by history. 2. In Robert Frost’s assertion that the ‘hurt to the scenery’ does not bother him, focus shifts to the futility of people generally being obsessed with appearances as well. Comment on how preoccupation with appearances is detrimental for society. Suggested Value points - brand consciousness as example - misplaced sense of aesthetics - lopsided comparisons - not conducive to growth / harmony. Q.3. ‘The flower of cities’ is supported from sinking and withering faint by the excess cash flow. Nobody spares a thought for the country folk who only hope for a little extra to make their life better. What can one do to help make life meaningful for everyone in such a context? Suggested Value points - essential to promote care for others - values as sharing and compassion should over rule all other considerations - growth, joy / peace in society possible - taking a little away from excess will not hurt at all. - balance in society - bridge gap between the rich and poor. 6. Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers 1. In a predominantly male dominated society, women from time immemorial have faced oppression from men. What changes can be brought about in the society for uplifting the position of women, like Aunt Jennifer? CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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- empowerment - education - girl education - equal opportunities Textual Input Aunt Jennifer afraid of her husband Inability to take a stand or take a decision 2. “ … Uncle’s wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand…” No two individuals will be similar and will think alike. Each has to accept the other with their differences. When one is unable to do so, the relationship itself becomes a burden. And, that is what happened to Aunt Jennifer. What changes do you advocate to promote marital harmony. - mutual give and take - understanding - acceptance - tolerance - forgiveness Textual Input Aunt Jennifer and uncle’s marriage very lopsided union (not one of mutual respect) 3. Love feels no burden, thinks nothing of trouble and attempts what is above its strength. Thomas A Kempis Aunt Jennifer felt oppressed and troubled in her married life. What positive traits were missing in Uncle that led to this unhappy state? - complete freedom - mutual respect - unconditional love - tolerance Textual Input: Uncle probably abusive, intolerant

VISTAS 1. The Third Level 1. ‘He said I was unhappy. He meant the modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and all the rest of it and that I just want to escape…’ Many of us have a similar mindset to escape from reality. Do you think escapism can resolve problems? - No, it never does - Need for honest self-assessment - To know one’s strengths and weaknesses - Set SMART goals, face reality rather than indulge in fantasy - Develop the ability to conquer disappointments and forge a path ahead undaunted by setbacks. 2. ‘That ought to set him up in a nice little hay feed grain business; he always said that’s what he always wished he could do and he certainly can’t go back to his old business…..’ Do modern day youth have the freedom to pursue a career of their choice? - Lack of self belief/confidence - Not often; yes/no - Peer pressure - Parental pressure - Beaten path – safety - Insecurity 3. ‘I turned away and got our fast. There’s nothing nice about jail even in 1894.’ Do you think imprisonment in jail or strict punishment will undo wrong and is the best sway to reform criminals or misguided youth? - No, might harden them further - Society will treat them with a prejudiced eye - Community service/vocational education – a more effective option CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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- Confinement in jail might bring them in contact with hardcore criminals – adverse effects - Jail confinement will only enhance for criminal’s loved ones as well 2. THE TIGER KING Answer the following questions (100 words) 1. The tiger king proved that ‘Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely’ Today’s political order presents a similar picture. It is time to realize that authority and power should be used for the benefit of the masses. Write a speech for the school assembly on this theme. Suggested Value points - Understand that democracy means by the people, for the people, of the people. - Every act of ours to be directed towards upliftment of the poor. - Learn to take criticism in the right spirit. - Practise simple living and high thinking. - Not to misuse power / clout – to amass wealth. - Understand that they are just guardians of people’s wealth. - Be patriotic in the real sense of the word. Textual inputs: Was obsessed to keep his throne at the cost of the people ofPratibandapuram. 2. It is understood from the lesson ‘The tiger king’ by Kalki that the king was surrounded by people who obeyed him out of fear and there was a lack of good counseling from his ministers to run his kingdom for the good of the people. How important is it to have a good council of ministers for the good governance of the country? Suggested Value points - Elected ministers should place the country before self. - the head should mercilessly remove the corrupt ministers. - there should be a strong judiciary - law and order should be in the hands of honest officers. - bureaucracy should be strong and transparent. Textual inputs: The dewan humouring the king and playing upto his idiosyncracies . 3. The fascination for everything English is brought out beautifully in the lesson ‘The tiger king’ by Kalki. The Maharaja of Pratibandapuram is given an ‘English’ upbringing. How can love for one’s country be inculcated against all odds? Suggested Value Points: - aping the west should be stopped - willness to serve the country should be there - understand our age old culture and build up on family values rather than seeking personal gains Textual inputs: The king was more bothered about his throne than to serve the country 3. JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH BY ‘TISHANI DOSHI’ 1. Gandhiji said that ‘Animals are becoming extinct in the jungles and more in the cities’. Man is considered to be the most dangerous animal. However students should understand that we should live in a state of partnership with nature and not have an attitude of domination. Write an article stressing the need for a changed perception among mankind. Suggested Value points - Understand that we are moving towards our own destruction / annihilation - Disrupting the food chain ---- we will be grappling for resources –our survival. - Have a holistic approach to preserve environment. - not harm, the habitat of animals - not to hunt, harm or poach for skin, blubber, tusks etc. - ban products made out of killing animals. - Strict laws, stringent measures. Textual inputs: Example of phytoplanktons 2. God has provided resources for our need and not our greed. It is the desire formore that has brought about a ruckus in the environment and our lives. CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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Contentment in life is the key to peaceful living.- Analyse this in an article for the school magazine. Suggested Value points - Simple living, high thinking - be contented with what one has - remember we have no right to deprive future generation of resources. - desire for more is root of all evils-corruption etc. - Not to compare. Think of those who are deprived of the basic necessities. - Happy is the man who lives by his means. Textual inputs: Mega cities and gated communities cropping up creating ------survival of the fittest. 3. Take care of the small things and the big things will fall in place – says TishaniDoshi in the ‘Journey to the end of the earth’. The relevance of this statement in all walks of life cannot be undermined. It is universal and more so for a harmonious and happy life. Write the text of a speech on this theme. Suggested Value points - Understand little drops of water make the mighty ocean. - In thought, deed and word we need to be mindful-not to hurt others. - Do good things, be noble, work hard - To concentrate on developing skills; success will follow automatically. - Kind words helps to nurture relationships - Practice non- violence, automatically world peace will be achieved. Textual inputs: Example of phytoplanktons 4. THE ENEMY Q.1. ‘Fortune favours the brave’ – Sadao had his doubts and anxieties while he helped the prisoner of war (POW). Despite this he follows the dictates of his heart. What is courage really all about ? Why should one cultivate it? Suggested Value points - essential quality to tide over misfortunes / adversity - provides confidence - promotes self respect - cultivates associated positive traits - courage – mind wise more important than physical display Textutal inputs Sadao brings in POW Helps him recover Q. 2. Despite bias Sadao rises above his prejudices to save a person’s life. Why is it important for us to become tolerant as a society? Suggested Value points - multi cultural society is norm today - helps growth of individuals as well nation - helps keep malaise such as terrorism at bay - fanatic behaviour corrodes practical thinking - makes one impulsive also - decision making ability hampered Textutal inputs Sadao admits he dislikes Americans recalls his landlady and her kindness but is filled with conceit. Q. 3. Sadao’s servants refused to acknowledge or approve the help he rendered the POW, Hana and Sadao seem to be more willing to risk their safety to reach out to another human being in need. Explain the role that education plays in making us refined and accommodative. Suggested Value points - teaches one to respect and love others - refines baser instincts / passions - provides opportunities to realize, acknowledge and appreciate other’s potential / talent CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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- will be able to adopt the best from various cultures / people. Textutal inputs servants very superstitious 5. SHOULD WIZARD HIT MOMMY ? Q.1. Jack is very influenced by his mother’s upbringing. It is universally acknowledged that ‘mother knows best’. Explain how placing trust in one’s parents will be rewarding. Suggested Value points - multiple factors taken into consideration - parents / elders know better - age and experience favour accurate judgment - less likely to be swayed by peer pressure, fashion, trends etc. - interest of child will be close to heart - pressure / stress will be rightly handled Textutal inputs Jack feels his mother knows best and wants his daughter to believe so. Q.2. Jack wishes to help his wife but certain prejudice comes in the way of actually doing so. Analyse how preconceived notions about other people will often come in the way of evolving ourselves into better people. Suggested Value points - help from others will not be forthcoming. - bias / prejudice will make one intolerant - fanatic opinions / beliefs not conducive to overall growth - multifaceted society - ideals of harmony and peace will be curtailed - workplaces, neighbourhoods and society at large will suffer. Textutal inputs Jack’s negativity towards wife and daughter at times Q. 3. Roger Skunk’s mother finds the smell of roses detestable on her son, implying that he should accept himself as he is. Adults as well as young people are often victims of misjudging issues, people and circumstances based on appearance. Is an obsession for appearance disallowing us to appreciate our own true selves? Explain. Suggested Value points - All that glitters is not gold. - Appearances are deceptive - comparisons bound to happen - comparisons not always conducive to growth. - real issues get brushed under carpet - misplaced values. Textutal inputs Roger Skunk’s desire to smell as roses 6.ON THE FACE OF IT 1. Derry:You think…..’Here’s a Boy’. You look at me…and then you see my face and you think ‘That’s bad , That’s a terrible thing. That’s the ugliest thing I ever saw. You think, Poor boy. But I’m not. Not poor. Underneath, you are afraid. Anybody would be. I am. When I look in the mirror and see it, I’m afraid of me. Though this is the lament of a teen who has a disfigured face due to acid that fell on his face, many teenagers go through a phase where they have a complex about their appearance and they do not like to be underestimated or pitied. How could society help such children become confident? - Empathy - Encouraging nature - The ability to listen and understand - Persistence 2. Mr Lamb says that he grows weeds and wonders why one green growing plant is called a weed and another a flower. He says it is all life. In another instance, he says that bees don’t buzz, they hum and hum means to sing. What can we learn about life from these observations of Mr Lamb? - Positivity - A never-say-die spirit CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH 71

- Making the best use of everything- nothing is ever a waste - The ability to admire and appreciate everything around- all the creatures of god Textual input – Lamb’s own story- overcoming his own handicap 3. Derry says “It’s not what you look like; it’s what you are inside.” What are the qualities this sentence encourages people to have? - Importance to people and their character/qualities - Avoid getting carried away by superficial things - Need for good moral and ethical character - Being a human- being generous, kind and tolerant. Textual Input Handsome is as handsome does 4. Derry: “Look at all the people who are in pain and brave and never cry and never complain and don’t feel sorry for themselves.” But Derry does not follow it. What qualities do you need to develop to be like the ‘people’ Derry mentions? - Positive - Brave - Physical and mental strength - Tenacity and resilience Textual Input Village elders ‘ display of respect for M. Hamel (Hauser and others) 7.Evans Tries an O Level 1. People forget how fast you did a job – but they remember how well you did it. Howard Newton The Governor paid heavily for his lapses in security. If he had weighed the probabilities of Evans’ escape he might have taken sufficient precautions. What qualities do you think will help one guard against such lapses? - not leave anything to chance - think from Evans’ angle - Evans’ analytical mind Textual Input Governor over confident Conceited 2. Condemn the sin, not the sinner. The age old adage; once a criminal always a criminal should not be our perspective now. Every criminal who comes to the jail should leave the same a better/whole human being. What can be done to ensure that criminals leave the prison walls as better human beings/ reformed human beings. - keep them occupied - constructive occupation - meditation, yoga Textual input: Evans being branded ‘Evans the Break’ 3. Men of genius excel in any profession because labour in it. ‘Evans the break’ was able to hoodwink the jail authorities including the Governor. It clearly shows that necessity is the mother of invention. What qualities are necessary to tackle difficult situations in life. - creativity - courage - alertness - observation Textual Input Evans’ creativity 8.Memories of Childhood 1. As long as men are free to ask what they must; free to say what they think; free to think what they will and free to follow their religious beliefs – only then there exists democracy. What reforms can be advocated in order to avert such cruelty like what Zitkala Sa and Bama experienced. - liberty - equality - fraternity - religious tolerance CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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Textual Input Bama’s caste Zitkala Sa’s forced inclusion into mainstream 2. For people like Bama it is necessary to break the shackles that society burdens them with and come out triumphant. What should one possess /acquire to help one live without fear? - patience - perseverance - determination to succeed - fight all odds 3. Harijan- Hari jan (children of God) is what Gandhiji called the Dalits. Great stalwarts like the Mahatma, Dr. Ambedkar and Ramanujam worked relentlessly for the upliftment of the Dalits. But, unfortunately the caste bias still rears its ugly head in many parts of the country. What values need to be instilled in individuals for the betterment and upliftment of the marginalized communities. education - awareness - freedom/ equality - mutual respect Textual Input As seen in the case of Bama

NOTICE WRITING A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a notice is to announce or display information to a specific group of people. Notices are generally meant to be pinned up on specific display boards whether in schools or in public places. Notices issued by the government appear in newspapers. Format: A notice should be written in the following format: • the name of the organisation issuing the notice • the title ‘NOTICE’ • a heading to introduce the subject of the notice • the date • the body of the notice • the writer’s signature, name (in block letters) and designation Name of organisation/office issuing the notice Date Notice Heading Body of letter Signature Name Designation

Points to remember: • A well-written notice must inform the readers about the 5 Ws: — What is going to happen, (that is, the event) — Where it will take place — When it will take place (that is, the date and time) — Who can apply or is eligible for it — Whom to contact or apply to (that is, the issuing authority) • Only the most important points should be written. • A.O.D. – that is, any other detail given in the question. • One is free to add any relevant information not included in the question. • The sentences should be short and grammatically accurate. CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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They should be in the passive voice as far as possible. • The notice should be presented within a box. • The word limit for a notice is 40–50 words (only the words in the body of the notice are counted). • Information given in a notice must be clear and should not cause any misunderstanding or confusion. • A notice must be catchy and appealing – it should attract the reader’s attention at once. • Increase the visual appeal of your notice by using bold letters, catchy slogans, striking words and phrases, etc. • Standard abbreviations are allowed. •

Marking scheme The name of the organisation, ‘NOTICE’, the heading and the date — 2 marks The name and designation of the person writing — ½ mark Placing the notice within a box — ½ mark Content and language — 2 marks Adherence to the word limit is important: • If the candidate exceeds the word limit by 2 or 3 words, ½ mark is deducted. • If he/she exceeds the word limit by 4 or more words, 1 mark is deducted. Value points in a notice Meeting Date: Time: Venue: Agenda: Purpose: Who to attend: Contact Address: Specific Instructions: Lost and Found Article lost/found: Date: Time: Place: Identification marks: Contents: Whom to contact: When and where: Events Name: Date: Occasion: Time: Venue: Eligibility: Contact address: Specific information: CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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Tours / Camps / Exhibitions Name and nature: Occasion: Venue: Date: Objective-information, invitation, appeal: Entry fee: Time duration: Contact address: Specific instructions – dos and don’ts:

Sample notices: 1. The Residents’ Welfare Association, Green Park is organising a ‘Holi Fiesta’ in the locality. As the president of the association, draft a notice in not more than 50 words informing the residents about the same. Give other essential details too. Residents’ Welfare Association Notice 17 March 2019 Holi Fiesta The Residents’ Welfare Association is organising a Holi bash in the colony as per the following details: Date : 17 March 2019 Time : 9 am to 5 pm Venue : Green Park Club The residents are requested to come along with their families and friends and add colour to the rejoicings. Ravi Ravi Kumar President, RWA 2. On the occasion of National Science and Technology Day, the school has decided to organise a Science Fair. Vikram, the secretary of the Science Society, wants to call a meeting of the office bearers of the society to discuss the arrangements for the fair. Write a notice is not more than 50 words. Delhi Public School, New Delhi Notice 13 April 2019 Meeting of Science Society On the occasion of National Science and Technology Day, the school has decided to organise a fair. All office bearers are requested to attend a meeting in the School Library on 16 April 2019 at 10 am to discuss the arrangements for the fair. Vikram Vikram Singh (Secretary, Science Society)

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3. Ram Lakhani is the Head Boy of Bhavan Vidyalaya, Chandigarh. He and some other students of the school are touched by the plight of the poor and the destitute in the state-run homes, and wish to make a difference in their lives by lessening their sufferings. They decide to raise funds for this purpose. Write a notice, not exceeding 50 words, making an appeal for generous donations. Bhavan Vidyalaya, Chandigrah Notice 6 May 2019 Attention Please! Lend a Helping Hand Your help and co-operation are required to make a difference in the lives of the less fortunate living in the state-run homes. Donate generously. Deposit your contribution to the undersigned by 13 May 2019. The money so raised will be spent on medicines and clothes for the inmates. Ram Ram Lakhani (Head Boy) 4. You are Parthasarthy Mishra, the Head Boy of St John’s High School, Dalhousie. You have been asked to write a notice regarding a sports kit bag found on the school playground. Write the notice in not more than 50 words. Invent necessary details. St John’s High School, Dalhousie Notice 10 April 2019 Found – A Sports Kit Bag A sports kit bag was found on the playground on 9 April 2007 during the recess period. Anyone who has misplaced a grey sports bag with huge pockets can collect it from the undersigned within two days, that is, by 12 April 2019. Parth Parthasarthy Mishra (Head Boy)

5. You are the cultural secretary of your school. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting the names of students who would like to participate in the variety programme that you are planning in aid of an old age home in your city. Items may be in the form of solo and group singing, mono acting, magic show, dance performance, etc. Trials for the most suitable participants will be held during the zero period everyday. Blooming Flowers School Notice 10 July 2019 Sandhya Tara Our school is organising a cultural programme to collect funds for ‘Sandhya Tara’, a home for the elderly. We plan to include a dance drama, mono acting, a magic show and other items. Students who wish to participate should submit their names to the undersigned before 20 October 2019. Trials will be held daily in the zero period. S Walia SandeepWalia Secretary, Cultural Society CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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WORKSHEET 8 1. There is going to be an inter-section debate for all the students of Class VIII on the topic ‘Tobacco companies should not sponsor sports events’. As the cultural secretary, draft a notice providing all relevant details in not more than 50 words. 2. You are Krrish, a student of Class VIII. You have lost an expensive watch in the school premises. Draft a notice to be put up on the school notice board giving details of the watch and offering a suitable reward. Use not more than 50 words. 3. As president of the student’s council of your school, write a notice is not more than 50 words asking the students of your school to donate old clothes, books and bags for the Anubhav Shiksha Kendra, a school for the underprivileged being run on your school premises. 4. The Hindustan Times Pace Programme is planning to hold fun-filled workshops on candle making and clay modelling for all Class VIII students on Children’s Day in the school. As Keni Pinto, the Head Boy, write a notice informing students about it. Include necessary details and write the notice is not more than 50 words. 5. The event management company, Altitudes Expeditions, has organised an Adventure Trip of Sitlakhet in the summer vacations for interested students of Classes VIII and IX. As president of the Excursions Committee, write a notice in not more than 50 words informing students about the trip and inviting them to join. 6. Write a notice for the school notice board informing the students about the visit of the Prime Minister in your school on 20.11.2007. Write the notice in not more than 50 words asking the students to maintain punctuality, cleanliness and discipline. 7. The school has decided to organise a Christmas Carnival in the Sports Complex. The Principal has asked you, as the school Prefect, to write a notice about this carnival, inviting the students and teachers to participate in it. The notice should be written in not more than 50 words including all the relevant details. 8. The Residents’ Welfare Association, New Friends Colony is organising a Diwali Bazaar in the locality. As the president of the association, draft a notice in not more than 50 words informing the residents about the same. Give other essential details about the Bazaar. 9. You are the student editor of Saagar International School, Jaipur. Write a notice inviting names of those who would like to give articles, stories, cartoons, crossword, puzzles, jokes, etc for the school magazine. Write the notice in not more than 50 words. 10. You are Rohan Kapoor, the secretary of the Science Club of your school. Write a notice is not more than 50 words informing the students about the C V Raman National Science Exhibition to be held and requesting them to participate in it enthusiastically. Inform them that outsiders, too, are welcome to this exhibition. Additional questions for practice 1. As secretary of the Debating Club of your school, Sacred Heart High School, Chandigrah, write a notice not exceeding 50 words inviting the students to participate in the Annual Debate for Classes VII and VIII to be held on 6 November 2006. The topic for the debate is ‘Should uniforms be made compulsory in school?’ 2. You are Srinjan, president of the Environment Club of your school. A notice for the school notice board is to be prepared regarding the celebration of World Environment Day in school on 15 July 2006, inviting the students to participate in it by contributing at least seven potted plants from each class. Write the notice in not more than 50 words. 3. You are Chief Warden of a Boys’ Hostel. You have noticed that the boys often report late for the roll-call at night and have a tendency to damage the hostel property. Write a notice informing the hostel inmates that they should refrain from doing so or else they will be penalised. Do not use more than 50 words. CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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4. You are John/Jane, the secretary of the Arts Club of your school. The principal has asked you to put up a notice on the school notice board informing students about the Inter-School Art Competition to be held in your school premises on 9 November 2006. Write the notice in not more than 50 words giving details like date, time, venue, prize, etc. 5. As president of the Residents’ Welfare Association, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, draft a notice to be displayed on the society notice board requesting the members to donate generously for the floodhit victims in Mumbai. They can donate in kind or cash. Give the necessary details in not more than 50 words. 6. You are the secretary of Spring leaf Housing Society Welfare Association. Write a notice to be circulated to all the residents, informing them that there will be no water supply to your society on 24 and 25 August due to maintenance work in the underground storage tank. Write the notice within 50 words. 7. You are Subhash/Suniti. You have lost your history textbook somewhere on the school premises. Put up a notice giving a description of the book and requesting the finder to return it to you. Write the notice in not more than 50 words. 8. Your school is organising ‘English Week’ from 7–11 September. Deepti Joshi is in charge of the literary club. She writes a notice informing the students about the event and requesting their active participation. Parents of the students are also invited. Books by famous authors in English will be displayed, special reading sessions will be held to encourage the reading habit in children, and recitation and literary quiz competitions will be held too. Imagine that you are Deepti. Write the notice in 50 words. 9. You are Sub-inspector Mahender Singh, in charge of the Mubarakpur police station. A 6-yearold boy is reported missing. With the information you receive from the parents about the physical description of the boy, you get a notice written and put up at all the vantage points within your jurisdiction. Reproduce that notice here. 10. The Sales Promotion Manager of a cold drinks company has invited your school for a tour of their cold drinks manufacturing and bottling plant. She has also mentioned that each of the young visitors will be given a free drink of their choice. As the head boy/head girl of your school, write a notice in not more than 50 words informing the students about the programme. Include the date for the trip and any other detail you think is necessary. 11. Your school, Bloomdale’s Senior Secondary School, Gurgaon, is organising an inter-house skit competition to celebrate Independence Day. Scenes from the struggle for independence are to be depicted. Auditions will be held a week before the event. You are Lila/Laxman Arya, secretary of the Cultural Society of your school. Write a notice announcing the event. 12. The principal of XYZ School, Ms Sarbani Sen, knows that her young students are aware of the threat of terrorism in our lives. She feels that although they should not live in fear, there are a few precautions that they must keep in mind. She has a notice put up on the school notice board reminding her students: • not to pick up any bag, cell phone, doll, or even a pen that may be lying around • to report any suspicious incident to a responsible grown-up • to keep their parents posted about their whereabouts Write the notice in not more than 50 words and in the correct format. 13. You are Navjot/Nayan of Class VII-C, Sunnydale Senior Secondary School. You wish to sell your previous year’s Social Studies and Mathematics textbooks. They are in quite a good condition. Put up a notice on the school notice board informing your schoolmates about it. Any student who wishes to contact you regarding the books should do so during the break. 14. You are Ajay Banerji, of XYX School. The football match which your team was playing against ABC School on 20 September has been cancelled due to the death of one of the officials of CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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the other school. As the sports captain you have to inform the members of your school football team. Draft a notice in about 50 words to be put up on the notice board of the games room. Also inform the team members that the new date for the match will be announced as soon as it is decided. 15. The students of the four sections of Class VII, Amar Jyoti High School, Faridabad, are producing and acting in a play, ‘The Post office’, with the help of their drama and elocution teacher, Ms Sushma Mathur. The play will be held in the school auditorium on 2 December 2006 at 11am. All students of the school are invited. Complimentary passes for two will be issued for the parents of the students of Class VII. Write a notice, with all the above details, to be put up on the school notice board.

Short Composition: Notices / Posters / Classifieds / Commercial Ads / Invitation(Printed) / Invitation (Formal Letter or Informal Letter) / Acceptance or Denial to Invitation – Marks : 4 Choice : One out of two (Notice or Poster, Poster or Classified etc.) Word Limit : 50

i) Notices - Tips: 1. Formal and simple language 2. Only relevant information 3. Follow the format given 4. No addressing, ‘Dear Students/ Friends’ etc. 5. No ‘Thanking you / Yours sincerely’ etc. 6. Name of School / Organisation and PLACE should be mentioned 7. NOTICE in capital letters 8. Give an appropriate heading 9. Avoid ‘This is to inform you that….’ 10. Beginning can be: i) Our school is organizing a Blood Donation Camp…/Cultural Programme… ii) The school is going to organize…. iii) Our school is holding / conducting an Elocution Competition… iv) Captains and prefects are requested to attend a meeting 11. Give details on: Date, Time, Venue 12. For further details, contact…./For more details, please feel free to contact the undersigned / For further queries, do not hesitate to contact…. 13. Signing Authority’s Name and then Designation 14. Put the notice in a box 15. Neat presentation is all the more important Try this out: Your school is organizing a fete to collect funds for charity. Only school students are eligible to put up stalls. As Head Boy / Head Girl of St. John’s Public School, Pune, draft a notice in not more than 50 words to be put up announcing sale of stalls giving all other necessary details. CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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ii) Posters – Tips: 1. Posters can be for giving an information on students’ activities, social issues 2. Draw a rectangular box 3. Use bigger fonts / variety of fonts 4. Use catchy words / phrases/ slogans 5. More or less like a notice….but align the phrases at the centre 6. Use your creativity…draw simple pictures…but should not waste time on them 7. Organiser’s name can be on top of the poster or at the very bottom of it 8. Use asterisks 9. Use small boxes of different shapes to highlight 10. A poster should look neat and graceful Draft a poster on Clean City Campaign. (Sample)

Clean City Campaign 14th March – 28th March Let’s make Delhi a better place to Live!

No Spitting

No littering

No Open Urination

Issues in public interest by: NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (HEALTH DEPARTMENT) NEW DELHI - 01

Now, try this: Draw a poster on World Environment Day (5th June)

iii) Classified – Tips: 1. Classified Advertisement is a kind of public notice asking for or offering services or buying and selling property, goods etc. or giving information about missing persons, pets and so on. 2. Need not be in a box 3. Write in short phrases, not in complete sentences 4. Be economical with words, no lengthy and dull write-ups 5. Give all necessary details CBSE 12 TH ENGLISH

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6. Simple heading ‘Situation Vacant’ / ‘For Sale’ / ‘Career Guidance & Counselling’ /Lost and Found / Matrimonial / To Let / Required Bungalow for Lease etc. 7. Have a thorough study of Glossary, words pertaining to the given topic 8. The columns could be: i) Situation Vacant ii) Situation Wanted iii) To Let iv) Car For Sale v) Flat for Sale vi) Lost and Found vii) Matrimonial viii) Business (Agencies, Franchise or Distributorship) 9. Conclude with Contact Address and Phone No. 10. Use the words like, bonafide / serious buyers may contact. Sample Classified: TO LET To let, a portion of newly constructed independent house in Gulmohar Park, New Delhi. Three bedrooms, drawing, modular kitchen, dining with family lounge and parking. Latest fittings and fixtures. Rent around Rs. 55000/- pm. Government employees or doctors preferred. Contact: M. Ganesh, A-12, Gulmohar Park, New Delhi or dial: 26543901. Now, practise these: 1. You propose to sell your flat as you are going abroad. Draft an ad to be published in the newspaper. 2. You want to sell your Maruti. Draft a suitable advertisement. 3. You have started ‘Yoga Centre’ for school children. Draft an ad. 4. Your school requires a football coach. Draft an ad.

iv) Commercial Advertisement – Tips: 1. Aimed at business promotion, publicity of products highlighting tempting offers 2. Put it in a rectangular box 3. Use Catchy slogans / phrases 4. Use various fonts like posters 5. Pictures – not necessary 6. Issuing Authority – At the bottom (centre) Sample Commercial Ad:

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