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Selected Legal and EthicalIssues

his . r f iic l.c x p l (n e ss o m. (,t thc cornon le6rl rncl crh r c r l , s *t s th ,rr n a y rri s e q hc n. r r h e ri p i s trg re e sro r c r t a ch i l d . l t p < ,v i d c s se ,'cr. ls uidl, ! e iof ni !i s rri n g rh n ru g h th,s afc.r or prxclcc rnd is hrcndfll io rl cr rh r t is r sk ) dr es ers $ rc s .Ir i si n rp o rt.rn in ) nr ent r mt ir f f c lch s u r. n rl y L .v c ,r(tru ljw r ppli. x blci o MIl i (i n d o i h cAi rh,rt i(rlLlfcs n,,ncthnrg othcr rhrn N h i t i \ s us s c s r edor n c n to rrc d l i c rc . l h trti \r s f ius r . oi c o u .s e ,b e ru rrc o l .D rl .o nr r v wr r h $c l. w i n d re i rL c s p e c rtvc !t.rte or tuisdictiul. Parental Consent to Treatment I he s.ne l .ulc is rh.t cithcr per€nt h.s t i c fl shr r o obr ain ir cd i c l l o r c n ra l h .rl rh c , r r c ir ) f r her r n ;ro r c h i L d rc n .

ent. Ilic thertrpisr Dmsrr hink oi l)orh thc l eg;rlrcqui reni cl rsoi corrscrranJ t lic cl l ri crl consi dent(xrs,si rrccdr e r bscnt or norl feri i ci p.ol g prrert may lr t cr conreforivard toobtccr ro thc rrermrQu, dennD ddul i r srot. drrc ..npl xm i o rhf l i censIrs boir d, or rr!ucst a copy ot rhe n| nof\ f e. o s. l l the rhcr.rfi sri s sufc oi his or her know l edgcof the l r\. anrl i s c onf ider r th.t Ihf l o(l srrenruscdw rs rc r sor blt undcr rl r. crr(unrsri r' ccs | resc r t cd. r he s)l url ()r i 5oftenrl otvcrl rl l l fi e uf t S( . f),c therrpi stsw ho l rrccrch srnra t r or ssr r r tl ) i l tarnr thc pi rcrl rhi t rh. rrcilnr . n( oi thechi 1rlrvaseorscrtcd ro br rh. i, r her p.,rcrt {.rrLlthti t forc l aw f,,l )xnd 11, . , i th. r r$.| Lst rs r()t ol . rrl | (l r ( ) . r br lr l l or' r' c t.rl Lcfr h),i (l ui (h rfl clint c. r l l y !N r.rff.Ifud tcrnrLni rl (), rl'hr . .]l .r.r !orrt,l ,ri Irs ()r hw \ni ts f \ f . r lt l (i (rr\ rn,rtoi i l i rc. In rhf cfcnt rh. r rr l, (\ (1,,.hofcl tl l r rrc rhcnpi st wili l, . r r r rD .' 1p,.' c!(f Ij nI N | (f rh.rtIrr)v t lf sr , ) r .r.r!c Ii ' r. i ri r),g ()tl r.r rl ,L,,A\J. . t cj, ( l l ' r.' l ,rw s'rr rn(l (l .l erkl i ,rA ,r( lr sr t I ll r.fy D r.rttc,1.(rnl l l ,ri rrr i o rhe l, ecr r sr r g

W hc,, ,r .,fnfs 1,,,i ..fss r, . r . hills rc.,!(l s, rh.' rti \rs i f.,,\rrrl l v reqr r ir ct l or l ).rrrtr.rl l )! sr.rrc l ,rw r( , r L! , , ) , f.r.c,rt.rlre.cssfrr(l .f sl ,ce,r.l. ir . , L, , i st.r' ccs.l r 6 .,,i rr,rl i or rhcf.r t ) in\t ( , krow tl ri sprrri cul xrs rc hw or r c6r r l ;rt,,niru rrcci s!dcni l . l ,r (l xl i fo nr i. r t, i, f l .i k c w i s cc. l ch pxrcrr hrs a scner.rl dury cx.rnrpl c, thcnpi stsnrustrl cnyp r r cr r t al to c .,rc l o r h,s or her chrtd,.,i J \l hcrc ,cccssi ) w hcn n, trl l orvi ..css wonkl n c e c s s rrv. t o obrai r nccdc.li i cdi cal or havc. i n tl i c opi ni on of rh. (her r r isr ,, r l re n t,rll r.a l tb cl e i or dre chi l d.Therr dcri nrer l cftcctol thc mi nor 'sphysi fi s ts o s u x ll yw i nr ro obui r tl i c consent crl s.ri ervoL fsychol osi ci l w c ll- bcinA. ot b.th prr.nrs beforc igree,ng n) r.eit bl w hci r tl i c D ri n(r' i spcrD ri (cdb sr r Lc i chilll ur oftle. k, rlo.l proLrlcDrs .trd l au i o obti l rt trcannei tr \ r ir hour d ,s p u tc rn s d i ,rvol vcl > otl parcnrs r i ,r rhc p.trentalconserrui l to si gr rn ar r hor re rrn c n t, ro thc ertent rhar such i zrti ur n) r€l e.sci D nJrni rl rr, or c) if ,n v o rv c n enr.r.I D crpprcP re. shrrug rhc mfonuri or rv iLh t hc Ihcrc rre, ho*'cve:, rrvriad circunr fe!ucsrnStrrcD t w o!l d, i r the opiun s a n c c ste .g.!oD cp crr rrl .rr.errrcdor ()fthc rlrertrrrsr,hi!ci Jcrrnnertal cffccr o tl i c rrv i soc rt ofthc pi cnrrctw hererl i cf on thc Ml l s profisslonal rcl.rriorrliif rp ' s ts a tt()pri !rcl y IrJ l .w l ul l r ucrr w i th rl i c nri ro, fari eft. c l i l tl rc n w i th rhcconsentoi or l r cuc oi rhc pterrts. Thcrpists rvhc, rsrcc tc, D etermi ni ng C ustody l l crscs s,herca custodyof vjsir dr ion 8 o .d j u d s m.nr l n deei di i g $i ei hcr rl i c ord.. h.rsbc.n n.tdc by r cou r i, it is c rrc u n s u n cesl v.rranr rhi r thc .hi tJ b( xnpo.trnrnr.l erenni rcrhenatr ucoit hc s c c ns .i rh rhe conscD of r ontr one prr .!{.Jt arfrnFenrcnrfrorrpdr h rnost

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stares, 'legal custody" (who has the lcgal right to make decis;onson bchalf of the child rclatirg to thechild slicalth, education and wclfare), nor "physical custody" {with whorn does the child residc), determineswho nus! consenrto thc treatment of thc child. Vhen a court ordeff "joint lcgaLcustody," this usualLyme.ns that thc parentssharcdlcrishr and responsibility to makc imprtanr decisions or1 behalf of ficir child. Lr other words, eirher p:rent n1iy consenr to thc trc:ttmeDtof fic child, unlessthc corrt lrasspecificdin the court ordcf the circunrsranccstuder which the consent of both parcrrtsis rcquirccl. T lr c . ilf is t s c anch h elro o k a trh cm o s r r.ccnt eourt ordcr feSrrdinS cusiody i o d us it . r t ion, or t h c yc a nc .i l l th ea tto rn (l r c pr c s enr inS t bc p !re n t w h o s c c k s rrc.' r nr c nr l( , r r hcc b i l d i n (rd c L to a s c c rt.rn $ hcrfierrhc n)osrreccntcourtordcr strcs rh. fiurcnt scekingsLrchrrcrlorrenr rl )cunilit c r r l r iehrt o c o n s c n ro n b c h ,rl f i ,i rh e ehild.T his w o u l d , o f e o u rs c ,b e d o tlc ! v , r h r bc k now l e d s e .D d p c n n i s \r(,nol dle t . r c ut s c e k i rrg rrc 0 tn c D tf(x th c e h1ld.I f ihc ar ro rn c yi s c a l l c d ,rh c tlx'nplsr cnDlct rhc fitorney know !har h r o r s hc will r ely u p o n th c l rto rrre y ! o n l r c pr c s c nt ar io .n n d rh rt h e o r s h c wrl l doeLr nr c Dt r he c o D v c rs rti o li n rh c re co r t lsol t he c hild . A h c rn a ti v e l yrh , c th e r apis rc aD as k r h c a tro m e y to c o n liun by lettcr the rcpfcscDrarionsnudc regtri(lins rhc nDsr receDtcou( ordef .trtd thc qucstrD of "lcgalcustody." Supposethe atrorncy confinns rhat h cr c lic nthas! h( un i h i e ra l ru th o ri ryk ) .ons.nr to treatmcDt under dre nost rcccnt coLrrt ord.f, and rhe rheripisr .oDlDen.esrre.tneDr of theclild. Latcr, rhc other pareDt comes forw.rd and demalds, among orher thiflgs, drat the drenfist siop treaLing thc child. ft is sonretimesuscful ro sugges o rhat par crt, tlho may bc rl1rherangry,rhathe or she talk wilh his or her artomcy ro h:ve IIut aftorncy contactrhe attorDeyfor the parent who yrught rreanncDr for the child. Surcly both attorneys will agrcc on tbe law; if they dor't, ihey can pcrhapsbring the issucbetorerhecourr.Thk atproach oftcr movesthc .ngry parenr awav fron thc thotrght o(a laqruit or a

44 r^",- r"."^* "^"^,,^"

complaint to the licensinsboard. k is nor uDusunlfc'r court orders to be vasue or anb;8uous. h such cases, Ih e ra p i stsarc usual l ynot confonabl e interpretingthe inient ofthc court order or determiniig whethef or ror the co. ditions spccifiednr the court order have been satisfied. For iosrince, rhe court ordcr nisht ordef joinr legal custodn bLrt spccify that thc parrie, "consutt" with oue inorhcf prioi ro obrsiniDg " mc d i c a l care"for tLc chi l d.W hat i fone parent sayshc has "consuhcd" riih rhe other parcnt and the orh$ parert docs not w.1nt the child ro bc in psychorhcrrfy? Does "mcdical c:tre" inchde counre l i n gb y an MFT? Ifi n doubr,d1ether rpist can dcclinc ro rreat unril rhere is cldriry orcan indicdredratthc con'nore sentof both parcnts is desircd. Exerci3ing Dlscretlon Supposc: parentseekstrcatmenrfor hcr s i x -y c :r< td chi l d, and rhc therapi st dctcnlines thtlt thc parcor has bccn rw a fd c d vi shati on(but no physi calcusto d y ).trd i oi nt l egi l custody(w i thouta r€quircDcnt for the conscnr of borh). 'lhc pnrcnt seeking trcatnrenr for fic clild rcqu€ststhat thc other parclt not bc nrnxmed of thc cbild's trcnuucnr. Thrs !nd similar sccnlrriosarccom|non. Vhile the therapisturaybe permittcd by taw to treat the child wirh thc consent o fth e p rrent{ho hasbeeraw ardcdvi sttatior ard joint legal custody, sound discrcti(nrohen dictatcsoth€rwise.Sup, pose, howeveq that tr€lnncnr of rhe child does bcgm. \(/hlr rrisht thc rher Perhaps thc first words our of the c h i l dw i l l pcrtai . rodrug uscby drecustodi:rl parcnt or vague allcgations of ,buse, rcglect or emotional harm by thc custodi.l parenr.Whatif theparentwho brings thc child to trcatmenr wants r{) be bettcr posirionedin a custody battle and is htending ro call the therapisr as a witness and to subpoena the child's rccords in order to prcyail i lhc litiga tion? Y/hat if thc ron'cusrodial parenr has undulr influencedrhechild nr ordef to prompt a child :lbuse rcpor! by the treating rherapist? Such occure ccs often taLe place.lf the thcrapisr initiaf

lr indicrtes that he or she would bc uncomfort.blc treatiog rhe child without the irnowledgcorconsert of the parcnt w i th thl si cal custodl , the abovedescribedscenariocan be rvoidcd. Authorlzations to R el ease Informati on Vhen treatinga childwithp:rcDtalcotrsert, thc gcrcral rule is that eirher par, e.r cln sign an rurhorizarim fonn to relerse conf idential Lnformation abour thc child to r rhird pafiy. Therapists:rc wcll rdvised, wherever possiblc, to obran thc sisnrture of both pirents. Ir is irnporrant drifthcrnpists be aware of thc liw in dreir rcspcdive statesfcganlirrg drc nrrrrow qucsrim of when rhc nrmor, as otposed to .r p.lrenr of pdreuts,is rhe one whr..r must signrn audroLization fornr in ordcr R) relersc confi dcnti rl i nfornrati on,rl )ou!thc m r ln) r lD (liliforria, for nrsrance,.rlnnn,r k drc one w ho nrLrsrsi gn rhc auiln) r izir ion lorrn ifthcr rrcrcould lrarc hcrselfconscnted to rh{r lncnrrl heuldl trcahre t bei ns r€nder0d.Tl re hw s i n cr eh sr ir c vary widcly aud with cousrcler.rble nuancc itl rhis rcgrrd. As iDdicAt€din ihu sccriono "L)ctcrnrinirg Custodn" in llr,ny crses ir will be Dcccssafyto d!(.rnrire the cusrolly ,nd visiurion arrargcnrcnt as orrlcrcd by thc court.' l hc pnrcnrw h o has y) lc lcgal custody woLrldoLdinNrily sisD ,tn authori z.ti dl fornr on bch alf of t he nri nor.l ftherei s j oj nt l csalcu sr ody,t hc gencralrule js thit eithcrparent can sign tbcauthorizotio forD, unlest rhccourr ordcr has specificcl otherwise. Evcr thou8h the signaturcof ooe parcni Dry bc legally sufficienr, the thcrapist may want !o insist that both parentssign dre authoriza xr fornr. ln nloststrtcs,rr ernancipatedminc'r nrayconseDtro mental hcakh tr&rtmelr without the knowledgc or consenrof a parent.The D ui mun rge for em : ncr panon! the grounds for cmancipation and thc nanner ofestablishing en1ancipatxD vary iron state ro srite, A lawfullyemanciprtcdminorwould likely be rhe one who would sign an aurhoriza rion form to releaseinformarion ro a rhird pirty. Additionally, thc .Danci

patcd niror. rath(r than thr tirents, would Likclr havc the right to irrspe.t a Dd copy t hcr c c of dss, u b i c cto t th c rrg h t o f d r e t hc r r pis t t o p ro v i d er s u n rm .ry or to ilihowise linrit dccess.Stnle lnw !.l ri es widely wr t h r e s p e cro t th e ri g h ts of patientsto acccssthcir re.ord\. Co m plaint s t o t h e L i ce ns ing B oar d Liccnsins boards receivc a l.fsc trurl bcr and significant perccntageof thcir co m plaint s f r onr p e o p l e w h o a re i n i o lv et l ir c us t oil y o r !i s i ta ti o n J i s tut(s. lt is trot uncorrnur fo a drg ru rt lc ds pous e, who n ra yd i s a g re w e i th r tl rc r apr sst f inr J ir g cs f o p i n i o rso r w h o n r.rr l' l, r nr ct he r her a p i s lto r th e c o u rtk i d \.r \ e iir dins s I dord e rs , to c o n ]p i ri n to rh r l) o. r r d. r l, ( , urh I e c o n d u c to i th c th e r . r pi' t .I hc nr or c s o p h i s ti c i tcl (l iccnsnrs ho.rtuh. .llxl rhosc thrt invcstigltcor n r.rk cdc . is i( nsr c g. r i n g c l (,s u rg opl n f. \u rrrsr e, \ ! c !lc usu .rl l y l w n rc o f tb c l .r.t t h. ltr t r , 1nI( ) l t hc s ce o u rp l i u u sc, s tc ci .rl lvt h, s t t hr t . r llc p cth .rtth c th c rrp i s t L rn l . r r v iLrnc llv. r t c dt h c c h i l d w l th o u t th c .o n s c . t ( ) ft hc c ( ) r Dl )l a ;..rrn ffc, w i th o rt N c ! $t hc l, r s sdr . cmp i s tsw h o rc c c i v c .r l e t r c rlr o, r rr r lic e s i n s l h r rc q u c s t i n s.r wr ir e als we r to s p e c i ti cq u e s ti i n s , ot r h( , s cwho fr.e i v c r c rl l fro rn .Il i ! v f s r ig|r or f r o r rh e s t.rtcl v i ti n g i o n rc c i t o dr s . t r s sr c o rrp J a i n t,rv o u l d g cn c Lallvbc wc ll a d v i s c d to c o u s u l t p ro n pt ly wit h. r lar v y e rk n o w l e d g e a h l e n d e ier dinglic er iir te si rr s l rte i d n ri o i strrnv epr c c c c d$ss .F i v e iw h e n d !e rr p i stst c ll r r c t heyr r c rn n o c e nat n d h x v c ro thins t o h c , I r ou ti n e l y.td v i !cd \e rn to b i r e. n ir t or nc y .W h c n th e ra p i s rs re l l Drcdur thc irvcstisrktr sho callcil was "Lcally nicc" and tlut rhc irvcstisarol "tusr wrnrs to clear dris mattcr up," I rdvise drem, perhrps nrcre enrphaticalO h , to hir e r n anor ne v

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MoLcrnd morcadolcscents rrc challenged with depresion, drug abuse,opposirional behaviors, rnd othcr mcntalhcalthproblcnr. whilc mrny 1-oungpcoplcwnh thcscnrucs respondwcll ro ouqaticnr thcrapy, a growirg numbers€emimnune to thenpeuticsupportsin their communities. Ifyou needto r(conmenda safeintewentionand donl rhirk hospitalization is warmtecL,CEDU Educrtioncan help.In onr 37'ye history,oul prnncrhip wi$ mcnrrl holth profession.rls ha, provitledsuccessft I solutions{br rhousandr of adolescents.

Education

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arriageand Family Therapy Th6 MaBtefsolArlsin lvarlage and Famiy Pog.am hasal€nur6lrack 12-monrhProqram .lu y 2004. O reclorposilional lh€ assslanl and associaiB6vellhatwil be avaiLabl€ Bsrponllbllltl€& Dir€crth6MFTProgramwhichincl!d€s mark€tingirocnrilm6nlradv se MFr €lud€ntsihno and ovaluatsadju.cl lacultytcourse d€v€lopmenltoverseeslud€nl pracllcums/nl6rnshlpsr maoag€oul nB adminislrali!€lunclionsassocial6dwilh smoolh and €fiici€nlpro!.am oporation;manage programcompianc6 wllh acc.edilalionslan dards;t6achgradualecouBesn MFTproqramard on€ colrseannuallyin th€ ondergrad ual6 program in the Divison ol Social Sci6nc€s;ov66e6 op€ralionol Famiy Therapy Ceni6r,and participaton univeGilyand communityoutrsach. ouallllcarlon5: A doctoEl€ in MFTq a €laled di$iplinei A,,J'/FTApprc!€d slpeto sor or su p€disor Candidalei€xpei€nc6 tgachingat th6 g€dlal€ €v€lrrecordol €xpe enc€w th prog€m d@lopmarl od adm nislraloni good Mten dd o.al @mmunrql on skillsandcr€lNe ab ty Marl€ga and FamllyTh€rapyProgram:TheMadageand FamlyTherapyPro96m isone ol s6v€n masler's programs localgd wilhin th€ Gradlal€ Stud os Divisionoi S6lon H ll Un ver sily. The MFT program roc€ntrywd g.anl€d Candidacy Sialus toh lhe Comm seon on Accredilalion lor Mairiag€ and Fam ly Th€rapy Educalion (COAI!4FTE), and h6 r€@ivodlederal tundng lo assislin operinga Famly TherapyCenteron €mpus. The Cenlerwil seryeas a vauableresourcelothecommlnilyandprovdestudentswilhtheopportunlylopracliceihe. llom laclty in a s6ninglharlh€programhasdn6d rosponsbility apy and r6coiv6supetoision tor administoing. Th€ prog@m s @mpris€d ol lhle6 lu l-rrm6hcuty (inc lding the Prog.am Direclor) and a Clin ca Coordinalor ior lhe C6nler who w ll b6 hired lhis summer. lhe Unlv€rsliy:S6lon FillUniv6rsilyis a Calholic lb€ralads u.iv€rsity.CLassos aro oll6red n a varielyol lormats day, evenng w€ekends.S€lon Hil Universily,ocared35 mieseastot Pnsburgh,PA,is comminedlo hiringlacuhyrhalrepresentthediversityollhe broadercultlre;iaculty otcolorand womenareencouragedlo apply ApPlic.tion/O€adlln6:Tha searchis cutrentlyoponi the r€vi€wol candidaleswilLbegin M ar c h l 5 2 0 0 4 a n d w i l c o n l l n u e l n t i t h 6 s l c c o s s icua n d d a l 6 i sd e n t l 6 d P l e a se sl b m i t lelterolapplicalon. viia slalemenlol leachfq and superuison philosophy,and lhreecur renl leltersol recommendalonto: Dr. Tenance E. OePasquale ' Associale Dean for Gradlate Slldies

SetonHill University

Box 431F. Greensburg,PA 156011599 724la3a4256ot e ma): depasquale@s€tonhill.edu

or contactRichardat (858)456-0695.

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