Motion And Its Formulaes

MOTION

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

I Soumya Puli of class IX ‘B’ made this project on MOTION with the help of internet and with the help of our Science teacher Mrs.SWARNALATHA madam who gave us many instructions and fully supported us in making this project . I would also like to thank our Principal Mrs. SUDAMANI  madam who gave us the opportunity to make this project.  In the guidance of our teacher and the information given by our teacher I could complete this project successfully. 

WHAT IS MOTION? The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -opposed to rest. 

Motion is Physical and Found in Space Take your pencil and let it fall on the table; because

the pencil is moving, free fall is motion. In gravimotion's interpretation of Nature motion is a physical phenomenon as real as the pencil itself. Even though that sounds childish, in the gravimotion world motion comes out of space and is what makes the pencil fall! The pencil and its motion only are worth mentioning as this is all that we human are witnessing in this experiment. We neither see Newton's force of gravity nor Einstein's space-time curvature let alone space and time.

UNIFORM MOTION  As shown by Galileo's Principle of Relativity, motion is a

necessarily relative concept: what appears to be moving from one frame of reference may not appear to be moving, or moving in the same way, from another frame of reference. From a physical point of view, all frames of reference are given equal validation. So uniform motion itself will also be a relative concept. If an object A is in uniform motion relative to another object B, then from B's view there appear to be no force applied to A; i.e. it appears to be neither accelerating nor decelerating, nor changing directions or moving in a curve. The same should apply vice versa. 

MEASURING THE RATE OF MOTION Rate of motion is speed. FORMULAE

Average speed=Total distance travelled  Total time taken  Velocity is a vector which contains both the speed and the direction of motion. Average velocity=  initial velocity + final velocity 

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The acceleration is the rate of change in speed

For example= An object travels 16m in 4s and then another

16m in 2s.what can be the average speed of the object? Here the total distance travelled by the object =16+16=32m Total time taken=4s+2s=6s Average speed=total distance travelled  total time taken  =32m  6s =5.33m/s There fore the average speed of the object is 5.33m/s.

RATE OF CHANGE OF VELOCITY Acceleration is the rate at which velocity

changes. When velocity is decreasing, sometimes the word "deceleration" is used instead. Acceleration and deceleration describe generally how velocity can change. Keep in mind that things can get a little more complicated than just speeding up or slowing down. For example, in an elevator going up, you can feel increased G force resulting from acceleration upward, and you can also feel increased G force if the elevator is in freefall and it decelerates.

FOR EXAMPLE=Starting form a stationery

position ,  Rahul paddles his bicycle to attain a velocity of 6m/s in 30 sec. then he applies brakes such that the velocity of the bicycle comes down to 4m/s in the next 5sec .  What could be the acceleration of the bicycle in both the cases?  ANS: In the first case;  Initial velocity, u=0  Final velocity, v=6m/s  Time , t=30s  A= v-u  t

A=(6m/s—0m/s) 

30s

=0.2m/s In the second case Initial velocity, u=6m/s Final velocity, v=4m/s Time, t=5s Then A =(4m/s –6m/s)  =-0.4m/s

5sec

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MOTION

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Line graphs show dependence of one physical quantity such distance or velocity on another quantity, such as time.

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Distance time graph

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 Distance-time graphs is a way to visually show a collection of data. It allows us to understand the  relationships between the data.  The below is a example of a distancetime graph, the  time  Distance-Time for Table 1  The below is an example of distance time graph  

    

distance

     

time

Distance (s) 0 654321

Time (s) 0 13 25 40 51 66 78

As you can see, the data from the table is

shown in a visual format in the graph. The time(s) is shown as the x axis and the distance(m) is shown on the y axis on the graph. The points on the graph do not create a perfectly straight line so a line of best fit must be drawn in. 

The proper equation for a line is y=mx + b The y is the dependant variable (on y -axis) The x is the independent variable (on xaxis) The m is the slope of the line The b is the y intercept of the line.

V elocity time graph

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Motion of objects can be represented. Such means include the use of words, the use of diagrams, the use of numbers, the use of equations, and the use of graphs. Lesson 4 focuses on the use of velocity versus time graphs to describe motion. As we will learn, the specific features of the motion of objects are demonstrated by the shape and the slope of the lines on a velocity vs. time graph. The first part of this lesson involves a study of the relationship between the shape of a v-t graph and the motion of the object.

Consider a car moving with constant velocity and with constant acceleration.

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If the velocity-time data for such a car were graphed, then the resulting graph would look like the graph given below. Note that a motion de constant, positive velocity results in a line of zero slope (a horizontal line has zero slope) when plotted as a velocity-time graph. Furthermore, only positive velocity values are plotted, corresponding to a motion with positive velocity scribed.

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THE END MADE BY:- SOUMYA PULI CLASS:-IX SECTION:-B ROLL NO:-23

SUBJECT:-SCIENCE TEACHER:-SWARNALATHA 