Moringa Oleifera

  • November 2019
  • PDF

This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA


Overview

Download & View Moringa Oleifera as PDF for free.

More details

  • Words: 2,223
  • Pages: 36
§/RPiVGLItFLOGHYHUHVORTXHHVWiHQIUHQWHGHWXVRMRV¨ 

*RHWKH

(VWDVKRMDVSRGUtDQ 

VDOYDU

PLOORQHVGHYLGDV



$OJXQRVOHOODPDQXQPLODJUR

¢

 7DPELpQSRGUtDWHQHUXQD 



H[SOLFDFLyQFLHQWtILFD"

8QDSRVLELOLGDGSDUDVDOYDUYLGDV (Q XQ SXHEOR PX\ UHPRWR HQ OD SDUWH RULHQWDO GH ,QGLD VH PH DFHUFy XQ KRPEUH YLHMR\GLJQRTXHSUDFWLFDODPHGLFLQDWUDGLFLRQDO+DEtDHVFXFKDGRTXH¹UEROHVSDUD %DOELU60DWKXU OD9LGDHVWDEDD\XGDQGRDODJHQWHGHOSXHEORDVHPEUDUiUEROHVIUXWDOHV\pOYLDMy 1SFTJEFOU PiVGHFLHQPLOODVSDUDFRQRFHUPH0LHQWUDVKDEOiEDPRVHOPHGLMRDOJRLQDXGLWR §/DVKRMDVGHOiUEROGH0RULQJDHYLWDHQIHUPHGDGHV¨ 6X DILUPDFLyQ HVWDED EDVDGD HQ VX H[SHULHQFLD SHUVRQDO \ DKRUD OD FLHQFLD OR FRPSUXHED(QWUHPiVHVWXGLDPRVHOiUERO0RULQJDROHLIHUDORPiVSUREDEOHHVTXH VHDDOJRTXHYHUGDGHUDPHQWHKDFHPLODJURV /DVKRMDVGHHVWHiUEROPHUHFHQXQDDWHQFLyQHVSHFLDO6XVKRMDVKDQVLGRXWLOL]DGDV FRPR SDUWH GH OD PHGLFLQD WUDGLFLRQDO HQ YDULRV SDtVHV SDUD FXUDU GLYHUVDV HQIHUPHGDGHV < ORV HVWXGLRV FOtQLFRV PXHVWUDQ TXH OD PHGLFLQD QDWXUDO QR VH KD HTXLYRFDGR 8Q DQiOLVLV QXWULFLRQDO GH ODV KRMDV GHPXHVWUD TXH FRQWLHQHQ QLYHOHV PX\ DOWRV GH SURWHtQD \ DPLQRiFLGRV HVHQFLDOHV LQFOX\HQGR GRV TXH VRQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH LPSRUWDQWHVSDUDODGLHWDGHORVQLxRV\ODVQLxDV1RHVDOJRPX\FRP~QHQXQD SODQWDDOLPHQWLFLD /DV KRMDV GH OD 0RULQJD WDPELpQ FRQWLHQHQ PXFKtVLPDV YLWDPLQDV \ PLQHUDOHV HVHQFLDOHV¦HVSHFLDOPHQWHYLWDPLQDV$\&&RQXQYDORUQXWULWLYRWDQSRGHURVRHVWDV KRMDVSRGUtDQHYLWDUHOD]RWHGHGHVQXWULFLyQ\RWUDVHQIHUPHGDGHVUHODFLRQDGDV $GHPiV HO iUERO 0RULQJD FUHFH PX\ UiSLGR \ HV UHVLVWHQWH D OD VHTXtD 7DPELpQ FUHFHHQWLHUUDPDUJLQDO\FRQPX\SRFRFXLGR $OJXQRVOHOODPDQXQPLODJUR˜7DPELpQSRGUtDWHQHUXQDH[SOLFDFLyQFLHQWtILFD" 3RU IDYRU WRPH XQRV PLQXWRV SDUD DSUHQGHU VREUH OD KLVWRULD GH OD 0RULQJD 'HVSXpVSLHQVHVHULDPHQWHHQODSRVLELOLGDGGHXQLUVXVPDQRVFRQODFRPXQLGDG JOREDOSDUDH[SORUDUODVLGHDVGHFRPRHVWHiUEROH[WUDRUGLQDULRSRGUtDVHUYLUDOD JHQWHGHVXSDtV (VWDV KXPLOGHV KRMDV WLHQHQ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH RIUHFHU OD QXWULFLyQ QHFHVDULD SDUD HYLWDU\FXUDUHQIHUPHGDGHV\VDOYDUDODVSREODFLRQHV

%DOELU60DWKXU 3UHVLGHQWH



7UHHVIRU/LIH:6W/RXLV:LFKLWD.686$ 3K)D[LQIR#WUHHVIRUOLIHRUJZZZWUHHVIRUOLIHRUJ 

+RMDVSHTXHxDV

 %HQHILFLRVHQRUPHV  

YHFHV 

PiVYLWDPLQD&TXHHQODVQDUDQMDV

 YHFHV

PiVYLWDPLQD$TXHHQODV]DQDKRULDV

 YHFHV

PiVFDOFLRTXHHQODOHFKH

 YHFHV

PiVSRWDVLRTXHHQORVEDQDQRV

 YHFHV

PiVSURWHtQDTXHHQHO\RJXUW

,QIRUPDFLyQQXWULFLRQDOFRPSDUDQGRODVFRPLGDVJUDPRSRUJUDPR



6HPEUDUXQiUEROGH0RULQJDHVFRPRVHPEUDU

  PXOWLYLWDPLQDV 



HQODSXHUWDGHVXFDVD

9LWDPLQD$ 9LWDPLQD% 9LWDPLQD% 9LWDPLQD% 9LWDPLQD& &DOFLR &URPR &REUH +LHUUR 0DJQHVLR 0DQJDQHVR )yVIRUR 3RWDVLR 3URWHtQD =LQF



1RHVPX\

FRP~QHQXQDSODQWD

SHURODVKRMDVGHOD0RULQJDFRQWLHQHQ

WRGRVORVDPLQRiFLGRV HVHQFLDOHV SURWHtQDV 



FRQVWUXLU FXHUSRVIXHUWHV\VDOXGDEOHV

SDUD 





(VWDVKRMDVYLHQHQGHXQiUERO KXPLOGHTXHVHOODPD

0RULQJDROHLIHUD

1DWLYDGHOVXEFRQWLQHQWHGH,QGLDOD0RULQJDVHKDSURSDJDGRSRUWRGDVSDUWHVGHOPXQGR $OJXQRVQRPEUHVFRPXQHVVRQ ,QJOpV'UXPVWLFNWUHH +RUVH UDGLVKWUHH0RWKHU·VEHVWIULHQG:HVW,QGLDQEHQ (VSDxRO%HQÉUEROGHOEHQ0RUDQJR0RULQJD )UDQFpV%qQDLOp%HQ]ROLYH0RULQJD ÉIULFD

7DLZiQ/D0X

%HQLQ3DWLPD(ZpLOp

7DLODQGLD0DUXP

%XUNLQD)DVR$UJHQWLJD

9LHWQDP&KP1Jk\

&DPHU~Q3DL]ODYD'MLKLUp

6XU$PpULFD&HQWUR$PpULFD\HO&DULEH

&KDG.DJQ·GRQJXH

%UDVLO&HGUR

(WLRStD$OHNR+DOHNR

&RORPELDÉQJHOD

*KDQD
&RVWD5LFD0DUDQJR

.HQLD0URQJH

&XED3DOR-HULQJD

0DODZL&KDP·PZDQED

5HS~EOLFD'RPLQLFDQD3DORGHDFHLWL

0DOt1pYUpGp

(O6DOYDGRU7HEHULQWR

1tJHU={JODJDQGL

*X\DQD)UDQFHVD6DLMKDQ

1LJHULD(ZHLOH%DJDUXZDUPDND

*XDGHORXSH0RORNR

6HQHJDO1HYHUGD\6DS6DS

*XDWHPDOD3HUODV

6RPDOLD'DQJDS

+DLWt%HQ]ROLYH

6XGiQ5XZDJ

+RQGXUDV0DUDQJDFDODOX

7DQ]DQLD0ORQJH

1LFDUDJXD0DUDQJR

7RJR%DJDQOXD
3DQDPi-DFLQWR

=LPEDEZH0XSXODQJD

3XHUWR5LFR5HVDGD

$VLD

6XULQDPH.HORU

%DQJODGHVK6DMLQD

7ULQLGDG6DLMDQ

%XUPD'DQGDORQELQ

2FHDQLD

&DPER\D%HQDLOp

)LML6DMLQD

,QGLD6DKMDQ0XUXQJD0RRQJD

*XDP.DWGHV

,QGRQHVLD.DORU

3DODX0DOXQJNDL

3DNLVWiQ6XKDQMQD )LOLSLQDV0XODQJDL 6UL/DQND0XUXQJD

1RPEUHVDGLFLRQDOHV

ZZZWUHHVIRUOLIHRUJPRULQJDQDPHV

$XQTXH0RULQJDROHLIHUDHVODHVSHFLHGHOiUERO0RULQJDPiVFRQRFLGDDOJXQRVQRPEUHVSXHGHUHIHULUVH DRWUDVHVSHFLHV



0RULQJD1XWULWLYD

3DtVHVGRQGHFUHFHOD0RULQJD

(OiUEROGH0RULQJD



FUHFH«

'HVQXWULFLyQ

3DtVHVFRQXQQLYHOGHGHVQXWULFLyQHQWUH\ 3DtVHVFRQXQQLYHOGHGHVQXWULFLyQHQWUH

SUHFLVDPHQWH

GRQGHODJHQWHPiVORQHFHVLWD



´/RVYHJHWDOHVFRQKRMDVYHUGHV\FRQIUXWDVSURYHHQPXFKRVPLFUR QXWULHQWHVFRPRSRUHMHPSOREHWDFDURWHQR>YLWDPLQD$@YLWDPLQD &DFLGRIyOLFR\WDPELpQFDOFLR\SRWDVLR(QSDUWLFXODUODVKRMDVGHO iUERO0RULQJDVRQXQDIXHQWHULFD\QRPX\FDUDGHPLFURQXWULHQWHVµ %S$(PQBMBO 1SFTJEFOUF /VUSJUJPO'PVOEBUJPOPG*OEJB

´'HWRGRVORVYHJHWDOHVFRQKRMDVYHUGHVXQRVREUHVDOHFRPR HVSHFLDOPHQWHEXHQRHOiUEROGHUiEDQRSLFDQWH>0RULQJD@/DV KRMDVVRQXQDVGHODVPHMRUHVFRPLGDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHSODQWDVTXH VHSXHGHHQFRQWUDUµ %S'SBOL8.BSUJO JO4VSWJWBMBOE4VCTJTUFODFJOUIF5SPQJDT

´8QDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVYHQWDMDVGHOD0RULQJDHVHOKHFKRGHTXH VHDXQUHFXUVRORFDO&RQWUDVWDFRQORVYDULRVSURJUDPDVSHUPDQHQ WHVGLVHxDGRVSDUDFRPEDWLUODGHVQXWULFLyQORVFXDOHVGHSHQGHQGH ORVSURGXFWRVLPSRUWDGRV\HODSR\RGHDIXHUD«0RULQJDHVPX\ VHQFLOOD\HVXQDVROXFLyQIiFLOPHQWHGLVSRQLEOHSDUDHOSUREOHPDGH ODGHVQXWULFLyQµ -PXFMM+'VHMJF JO5IF.JSBDMF5SFF.PSJOHBPMFJGFSB/BUVSBM/VUSJUJPOGPSUIF5SPQJDT



´/D0RULQJDHVPX\SURPHWHGRUDFRPRXQDKHUUDPLHQWDSDUDVXSHUDU DOJXQRVGHORVSUREOHPDVPiVVHYHURVGHOPXQGRHQGHVDUUROOR³ GHVQXWULFLyQGHIRUHVWDFLyQDJXDLPSXUD\SREUH]D(OiUEROULQGHPiV HQUHJLRQHVVHFDVGRQGHHVWRVSUREOHPDVVRQSHRUHVµ "OESFX:PVOH FY"MDBMEFEF"UMBOUBZ&NCBKBEPSEFMBT/BDJPOFT6OJEBT

´'HODJUDQYDULHGDGGHYHJHWDOHVGHKRMDVYHUGHVOD0RULQJDHVOD IXHQWHPiVULFDGHEHWDFDURWHQR>YLWDPLQD$@DGHPiVGHSURYHHU RWURVPLFURQXWULHQWHVLPSRUWDQWHVµ %S,BNBMB,SJTIOBTXBNZ GPSNFS%JSFDUPS *OEJBO$PVODJM PG.FEJDBM3FTFBSDI )ZEFSBCBE

´$XQTXHVRQSRFDVSHUVRQDVODVTXHKDQHVFXFKDGRVREUHOD0RULQJD SURQWRSRGUiVHUXQDGHODSODQWDVPiVYDOLRVDVHQHOPXQGRSRUOR PHQRVHQWpUPLQRVKXPDQLWDULRVµ /PFM7JFUNFZFS 64/BUJPOBM"DBEFNZPG4DJFODFT 8BTIJOHUPO%$



6HQHFHVLWDQ

HVWXGLRVFLHQWtILFRVORFDOHV



/$1(&(6,'$' /DVKRMDVGHOD0RULQJDKDQVLGRXWLOL]DGDVSDUDODPHGLFLQDWUDGLFLRQDO VXXVRKDVLGRFRPSDUWLGRGHXQDJHQHUDFLyQDRWUDSRUPXFKRVVLJORV \HQPXFKDVFXOWXUDV$KRUDHVWDVPLVPDVKRMDVKDQDWUDtGRHOLQWHUpV GHODFRPXQLGDGFLHQWtILFDPRGHUQD(QHOSDVDGRUHFLHQWHPiVGH HVWXGLRV DUWtFXORV \ RWUDV SXEOLFDFLRQHV KDQ LQFOXLGR OD 0RULQJD YHU HMHPSORVHQODSiJLQD  6LQ HPEDUJR OD PD\RUtD GH HVWRV HVWXGLRV VRQ DQiOLVLV QXWULFLRQDOHV R HVWXGLRV GH ODERUDWRULRV FRQ DQLPDOHV +D\ SRFRV HVWXGLRV VREUH ORV HIHFWRVHQORVVHUHVKXPDQRV7RPDQGRHQFXHQWDODSRVLELOLGDGTXHORV EHQHILFLRVSDUDODKXPDQLGDGVHDQHQRUPHV\DHVHOWLHPSRGHKDFHU HVWXGLRVFRQFRQWUROHVPpGLFRV\FRQVXMHWRVKXPDQRVTXHGRFXPHQWHQ ODELRGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHORVQXWULHQWHVHQODVKRMDVGHOD0RULQJD\VX HIHFWLYLGDGVREUHXQSHULRGRGHWLHPSRODUJR 'XUDQWHHOWLHPSRTXHHOiUEROGH0RULQJDKDSUROLIHUDGRGHVGHHOVXE FRQWLQHQWHGH,QGLDSRUWRGRHOPXQGRWURSLFDO\VXEWURSLFDOVHKDLGR DGDSWDQGRDODVFRQGLFLRQHVORFDOHV\SRUHVWDUD]yQDKRUDKD\PXFKDV YDULDFLRQHV GH OD SODQWD $Vt TXH ORV HVWXGLRV ORFDOHV VRQ QHFHVDULRV SDUDSUREDUHOFRQWHQLGRQXWULWLYR\ORVHIHFWRVHQODVGLIHUHQWHViUHDV

&RPSOHWHOLVWRIVWXGLHVDQGSXEOLFDWLRQVDYDLODEOHDWZZZPRULQJDQHZVRUJELEOLRBHQKWPO



&20238('(6$<8'$5 6L ORV HVWXGLRV GHPXHVWUDQ TXH ORV QXWULHQWHV HQ ODV KRMDV GH OD 0RULQJD VRQ ELRGLVSRQLEOH GH XQD PDQHUD VXILFLHQWH R TXH ORV EHQHILFLRVPHGLFLQDOHVVHDFHUFDQDORTXHGLFHODPHGLFLQDWUDGLFLRQDO WHQGUtDPRV XQD KHUUDPLHQWD SRGHURVD SDUD FRPEDWLU OD GHVQXWULFLyQ JOREDO6HUtDXQDKHUUDPLHQWDSURYLVWDSRUODQDWXUDOL]D\FDVLVLQFRVWR \SXHVWRHQODVSXHUWDVGHODJHQWHTXHPiVODQHFHVLWD 3DUD TXH HVWD LGHD VH KDJD UHDOLGDG VH QHFHVLWD HVWXGLRV FLHQWtILFRV DGLFLRQDOHVDQLYHOORFDO\WDPELpQDQLYHOJOREDO 9HUSiJLQDSDUD HMHPSORVGHORVHVWXGLRVTXHVHQHFHVLWD (O FRQRFLPLHQWR REWHQLGR D WUDYpV GH HVWRV HVWXGLRV SRGUtD OOHJDU D XQDVROXFLyQVHQFLOODHFRQyPLFD\DOWDPHQWHHIHFWLYDDXQSUREOHPD PX\JUDYH 3RU IDYRU FRPSDUWD HVWD LQIRUPDFLyQ FRQ ODV SHUVRQDV TXH SXHGDQ D\XGDU FRQ ORV HVWXGLRV FLHQWtILFRV SDUD GHWHUPLQDU ORV HIHFWRV GH ODV KRMDV GH 0RULQJD VREUH OD GHVQXWULFLyQ \ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV UHODFLRQDGDV

7X



REUDSRGUtDVDOYDUPLOORQHVGHYLGDV

6HFFLyQ,, 'DWRVFLHQWtILFRV \UHFXUVRV SDUDHVWXGLRVDGLFLRQDOHV



/DSULPHUDSDUWHGHHVWHOLEURKDEOyGHOSRWHQFLDO GH ODV KRMDV GH 0RULQJD /D VLJXLHQWH VHFFLyQ HV SDUDORVTXHHVWiQLQWHUHVDGRVHQKDFHUHVWXGLRV DGLFLRQDOHV (VWD VHFFLyQ SURYHH LQIRUPDFLyQ DGLFLRQDO VREUH HO iUERO GH 0RULQJD ORV HVWXGLRV FLHQWtILFRV TXH \D KDQ VLGR OOHYDGRV DFDER \ ORV WLSRVGHHVWXGLRVTXHD~QKDFHQIDOWD /DVVLJXLHQWHVSiJLQDVSUHVHQWDQQDGDPiVXQD PXHVWUD UHSUHVHQWDWLYD GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR DFWXDO VREUH OD 0RULQJD 6LQ HPEDUJR KD KDELGR XQ HVIXHU]RSDUDSURYHHUVXILFLHQWHLQIRUPDFLyQSDUD TXHW~SXHGDVHPSH]DU 6LW~HUHVXQDSHUVRQDTXHTXLHUHVHJXLUFRQHVWH HVIXHU]RKD\LQIRUPDFLyQDFHUFDGHODFRPXQLGDG LQWHUQDFLRQDO TXH HVWi HVSHUDQGR XQLU VXV PDQRVFRQWLJR



*EFOUJGJDBDJÓOZ6TPT

/DKLVWRULDGHOD0RULQJD .PSJOHBPMFJGFSBFTMBFTQFDJFNÃTDPOPDJEBEFUSFDFFTQFDJFTEFM HÊOFSP.PSJOHÃDFB-B.PSJOHBUVWPVOWBMPSNVZBMUPFOFMNVOEP BOUJHVP-PTSPNBOPT MPTHSJFHPTZMPTFHJQDJPTFYUSBKFSPOBDFJUF DPNFTUJCMFEFMBTTFNJMMBTZMPVTBSPOQBSBQFSGVNFZMPDJÓO &OFMTJHMP QMBOUBDJPOFTEF.PSJOHBFOFM$BSJCFFYQPSUBSPOFM BDFJUFEFMBQMBOUBIBDJB&VSPQBQBSBQFSGVNFTZMVCSJDBOUFTQBSB NBRVJOBSJB-BHFOUFEFMTVCDPOUJOFOUFEF*OEJBIBPDVQBEPMBT WBJOBTEF.PSJOHBDPNPDPNJEB-BTIPKBTDPNFTUJCMFTTFDPO TVNBOFONVDIPTQBÎTFTEF¦GSJDBPDDJEFOUBMZQBSUFTEF"TJB

,GHQWLILFDFLyQ

7RGDVODVSDUWHVGHODSODQWDVRQ~WLOHV

&TQFDJF.PSJOHBPMFJGFSB

%JDFORVFDBEBQBSUFEFMÃSCPM.PSJOHBUJFOFTVTQSPQJFEBEFT CFOÊGÎDBTQBSBMBIVNBOJEBE-BHFOUFFOEJGFSFOUFTTPDJFEBEFTFO UPEBTQBSUFTEFMNVOEPIBVUJMJ[BEPFTUBTQSPQJFEBEFT"VORVFFM FOGPRVFEFFTUFMJCSPFTTPCSFMBTIPKBT MBTPUSBTQBSUFTEFMÃSCPM UBNCJÊONFSFDFOFTUVEJPTBEJDJPOBMFT

'BNJMJB.PSJOHÃDFB 3BOHP*OEÎHFOBBMTVC DPOUJOFOUFEF*OEJBZ OBUVSBMJ[BEBFOÃSFBT USPQJDBMFTZTVCUSPQJDBMFTFO UPEBTQBSUFTEFMNVOEP $BSBDUFSÎTUJDBT¦SCPMP BSCVTUPDBEVDP DSFDJNJFOUP SÃQJEP SFTJTUFOUFBMBTFRVÎB  BMUVSBQSPNFEJPEFNFUSPT FOTVNBEVSF[

9DULHGDGHV

+RMDV /VUSJDJÓO .FEJDJOB

9DLQDV /VUSJDJÓO .FEJDJOB

)ORUHV .FEJDJOB

6HPLOODV 1VSJGJDBDJÓOEFBHVB .FEJDJOB "DFJUFQBSBDPDJOBS $PTNÊUJDPT -VCSJDBOUF

&RUWH]D .FEJDJOB

5DtFHV .FEJDJOB

)BZEPDFFTQFDJFTBEJDJPOBMFT EF.PSJOHBRVFUBNCJÊOTPO DPOPDJEBT .BSCPSFB .CPS[JBOB .DPODBOFOTJT .ESPVIBSEJJ .IJMEFCSBOEUJJ .MPOHJUVCB .PWBMJGPMJB .QFSFHSJOB .QZHNBFB .SJWBF .SVTQPMJBOB .TUFOPQFUBMB

)XHQWHV

*RPD .FEJDJOB



7BMPS/VUSJUJWP

9DORUQXWULWLYRGHODVKRMDVGH0RULQJD 6OBOÃMJTJTOVUSJUJWPJOEJDBRVFMBTIPKBTEF.PSJOHBDPOUJFOFOVOBSJRVF[BEFOVUSJFOUFTFTFODJBMFT RVFFWJUBOFOGFSNFEBEFT"EFNÃTDPOUJFOFOUPEPFMBNJOPÃDJEPFTFODJBM BMHPRVFFTQPDPDPNÙO FOVOBQMBOUB%BEPRVFMBTIPKBTTFDBTTPODPODFOUSBEBT DPOUJFOFOHSBOEFTDBOUJEBEFTEFFTUPT WBSJPTOVUSJFOUFT DPOMBFYDFQDJÓOEFMBWJUBNJOB$ &MDPOUFOJEPOVUSJUJWPEFMBTVTUBODJBWFHFUBMQVFEFDBNCJBSEFQFOEJFOEPEFMBWBSJFEBEEFMB QMBOUB MBFTUBDJÓO FMDMJNBZMBDPOEJDJÓOEFMTVFMP"TÎRVFEJGFSFOUFTBOÃMJTJTQSPEVDFOEJGFSFOUFT OÙNFSPT1PSFKFNQMP BMHVOPTEFMPTFTUVEJPTEFNVFTUSBORVFFMDPOUFOJEPEFQPUBTJPFOMBTIPKBT EF.PSJOHBTPONFOPTZFMDPOUFOJEPEFIJFSSPFTNÃTEFMPRVFWFNPTBRVÎ -BJOGPSNBDJÓOFOFTUFMJCSPTPCSFMBTIPKBTGSFTDBTEF.PSJOHBWJFOFEF(PQBMBO FUDZFTUÃCBTBEB QSJODJQBMNFOUFFOVOBOÃMJTJTIFDIPQPSFM*OTUJUVUP/BDJPOBMEF/VUSJDJÓOFO)ZEFSBCBE *OEJB -BJOGPSNBDJÓOTPCSFMBTIPKBTTFDBTEF.PSJOHBWJFOFEF'VHMJFZFTUÃCBTBEB QSJODJQBMNFOUF  FOVOBOÃMJTJTQBUSPDJOBEPQPS$IVSDI8PSME4FSWJDFZFM%FQBSUBNFOUPEF*OHFOJFSÎBEFMB 6OJWFSTJEBEEF-FJDFTUFSZFKFDVUBEPQPS$BNQEFO$IPSMFZXPPE'PPE3FTFBSDI"TTPDJBUJPOFO (MPVDFTUFSTIJSF 3FJOP6OJEP -BWJUBNJOB"TFPCUJFOFEFMPTWFHFUBMFTFOMBGPSNBEFTVQSFDVSTPS DBSPUFOP-PTJOUFTUJOPT TPMBNFOUFBCTPSCFOVOBGSBDDJÓOEFMDBSPUFOPDPOUFOJEPFOMBTDPNJEBT1PSFTUBSB[ÓO IBZ EJGFSFOUFTQVOUPTEFWJTUBTPCSFDPNPDBMDVMBSMBDBOUJEBEEFDBSPUFOPBCTPSCJEPZDPOWFSUJEPFO WJUBNJOB"1BSBFMDPOUFOJEPEFWJUBNJOB" (PQBMBOFUDZ'VHMJFTJNQMFNFOUFEBOMPTEBUPTQBSB FMDBSPUFOPZFMCFUBDBSPUFOP&MGBDUPSEFDPOWFSTJÓONÃTDPNÙONFOUFBDFQUBEPEFMDBSPUFOPQBSB WJUBNJOB" SFUJOPM FT

&RQWHQLGRGHODPLQRiFLGRGHODVKRMDVGH0RULQJD 5PEPTMPTWBMPSFTTPOQPSHSBNPTEFQPSDJÓODPNFTUJCMF





+RMDV)UHVFDV

+RMDV6HFDV

"SHJOJOB

NH

 NH

)JTUJEJOB

NH

NH

*TPMFVDJOB

NH

NH

-FVDJOB

NH

 NH

-JTJOB

NH

 NH

.FUIJPOJOF

NH

NH

'FOJMBMBOJOB

NH

 NH

5SFPOJOB

NH

 NH

5SZQUPQIBO

NH

NH

7BMJOB

NH

 NH

$XQTXH*RSDODQHWFH[SUHVDURQHOFRQWHQLGRGHDPLQRDFLGRSRUJ1 QLWURJHQD HVWDVILJXUDVKDQVLGRFRQYHUWLGDVDPLOLJUDPR SRUJUDPRVSDUDPD\RUFODULGDG

7BMPS/VUSJUJWP

&RQWHQLGRGHYLWDPLQDV\PLQHUDOHVGHODVKRMDVGHOD0RULQJD 5PEPTMPTWBMPSFTTPOQPSHSBNPTEFQPSDJÓODPNFTUJCMF 

+RMDV)UHVFDV

+RMDV6HFDV

$BSPUFOP 7JU" 

NH

NH

5JBNJOB # 

NH

NH

3JCPGMBWJOB # 

NH

NH

/JBDJO # 

NH

NH

7JUBNJOB$

NH

NH

$BMDJP

NH

 NH

$BMPSÎBT

DBM

DBM

$BSCPIJESBUPT

H

H

$PCSF

NH

NH

(SBTB

H

H

'JCSB

H

H

)JFSSP

NH

NH

.BHOFTJP

NH

NH

'ÓTGPSP

NH

NH

1PUBTJP

NH

 NH

1SPUFÎOB

H

H

;JOD

NH

NH

/RVGDWRVSDUDODYLWDPLQD$VRQGHOFRQWHQLGRGHFDURWHQRSDUDKRMDVIUHVFDV\GHOFRQWHQLGRGHODEHWDFDURWHQR SDUDKRMDVVHFDV



$PNQBSJDJÓODPO$PNJEBT$PNVOFT

/DVKRMDVGH0RULQJDFRPSDUDGDVFRQFRPLGDVFRPXQHV -BTTJHVJFOUFTHSÃGJDBTNVFTUSBOVOBDPNQBSBDJÓOEFMDPOUFOJEPOVUSJUJWPEFMBTIPKBTGSFTDBTEF .PSJOHBZIPKBTTFDBTEF.PSJOHBDPNQBSBEBTDPODPNJEBTDPNVOFT HSBNPQPSHSBNP 3FQJUJFOEP MPTDPOUFOJEPTOVUSJUJWPTEFFTUBTDPNJEBTDPNVOFTQVFEFOUBNCJÊOWBSJBS EFQFOEJFOEPEFMBWBSJFEBE MBFTUBDJÓO MBVCJDBDJÓO FMDMJNBZMBTDPOEJDJPOFTEFMTVFMP1PS FKFNQMP BMHVOPTFTUVEJPTEFNVFTUSBOVODPOUFOJEPEFIJFSSPNÃTBMUPFOMBTFTQJOBDBTZVOOJWFM EFQPUBTJPNÃTBMUPFOMPTCBOBOPT-PTEBUPTTPCSFMBTIPKBTGSFTDBTEF.PSJOHBZMBTDPNJEBT DPNVOFTWJFOFOEF(PQBMBO FUD-PTEBUPTTPCSFMBTIPKBTTFDBTEF.PSJOHBWJFOFOEF'VHMJF

5PEPTMPTWBMPSFTTPOQPSHSBNPTEFQPSDJÓODPNFTUJCMF







 



 

  









   



   



   

 























 



  



   

 



$PNQBSJDJÓODPO$PNJEBT$PNVOFT







 

 

 

  













 



 

 



 

















 

 

 

  













+RMDVIUHVFDV

+RMDVVHFDV

(SBNPQPSHSBNP MBT IPKBTGSFTDBTDPOUJFOFO BQSÓYJNBEBNFOUF

(SBNPQPSHSBNP MBT IPKBTTFDBTDPOUJFOFO BQSPYJNBEBNFOUF

YHFHVNÃTWJUBNJOB"RVFMBT[BOBIPSJBT YHFHVNÃTWJUBNJOB$RVFMBTOBSBOKBT YHFHVNÃTDBMDJPRVFMBMFDIF YHFHVNÃTQPUBTJPRVFMPTCBOBOPT EFMBDBOUJEBEEFIJFSSPRVFUJFOF MBFTQJOBDB

YHFHVNÃTQSPUFÎOBRVFFMZPHVSU

  YHFHVNÃTWJUBNJOB"RVFMBT[BOBIPSJBT EFMBDBOUJEBEEFWJUBNJOB$ RVFUJFOFOMBTOBSBOKBT

  YHFHVNÃTDBMDJPRVFMBMFDIF   YHFHVNÃTQPUBTJPRVFMPTCBOBOPT YHFHVNÃTIJFSSPRVFMBFTQJOBDB YHFHVNÃTQSPUFÎOBRVFFMZPHVSU 

&TUVEJPEFDBTPT5SBUBOEPMBEFTOVUSJDJÓO

(VWXGLRGHFDVRV&RPRXVDUHOSROYRGHODKRMDGH0RULQJDSDUDWUDWDU ODGHVQXWULFLyQ &O "MUFSOBUJWF"DUJPOGPS"GSJDBO%FWFMPQNFOU "("%" Z$IVSDI8PSME 4FSWJDFIJDJFSPOQSVFCBTTPCSFFMVTPEFMQPMWPEFMBIPKBEF.PSJOHBQBSB QSFWFOJSPDVSBSMBEFTOVUSJDJÓOFONVKFSFTFNCBSB[BEBTPFOTVQFSJPEPEF MBDUBODJBZFOTVTIJKPTZIJKBTFOMBQBSUFTVSPFTUFEF4FOFHBM -BEFTOVUSJDJÓO GVFVOQSPCMFNBHSBWFFOFTUBÃSFBEPOEFIBCÎBONÃTEFJOGBOUFTEFTOVUSJEPT RVFSFDJCJFSPOUSBUBNJFOUPDBEBBÒP%VSBOUFMBQSVFCB MPTEPDUPSFT MBT FOGFSNFSBTZMBTQBSUFSBTSFDJCJFSPOFOUSFOBNJFOUPTPCSFDPNPQSFQBSBSZVTBS FMQPMWPEFMBIPKBEF.PSJOHBQBSBUSBUBSMBEFTOVUSJDJÓO-BTNVKFSFTEFMPTQVFCMPTUBNCJÊOSFDJCJFSPO FOUSFOBNJFOUPTPCSFMBQSFQBSBDJÓOZFMVTPEFMQPMWPEFMBIPKBEF.PSJOHBFOMBTDPNJEBT &TUBQSVFCBUVWPMPTTJHVJFOUFTFGFDUPTQBSBMPTTVKFUPTRVFDPOTVNJFSPOFMQPMWPEFMBIPKBEF.PSJOHB 

‰(  OSHVRGHORVQLxRV\ODVQLxDVVHPDQWXYRRVHDXPHQWy\VXVDOXGHQJHQHUDOVHPHMRUy



‰/  DVPXMHUHVHPEDUD]DGDVVHUHFXSHUDURQGHODDQHPLD\WXYLHURQEHEHVFRQSHVRVPiV

JUDQGHVDOQDFHU 

‰6HDXPHQWyODSURGXFFLyQGHOHFKHGHODVPXMHUHVHQVXVSHULRGRVGHODFWDQFLD

/DVVLJXLHQWHVJUiILFDVGHPXHVWUDQORVYDORUHVGHOFRQVXPRUHFRPHQGDGRGLDULDPHQWHGHORV QXWULHQWHVSULQFLSDOHVHQFDQWLGDGHVUHFRPHQGDGDVSRUHVWDSUXHED

     

! !  "   



  





'RVLV5HFRPHQGDGD /JÒPTZOJÒBTB DVDIBSBEBTEJBSJBNFOUF  EFQFOEJFOEPEFMBT OFDFTJEBEFTOVUSJDJPOBMFT



 

 



 



DVDIBSBEBQSPWFF EFMDPOTVNPSFDPNFOEBEP  EJBSJBNFOUF EFMBWJUBNJOB"

   











       

    !    



  

 





 

 



-BTNVKFSFTFNCBSB[BEBTP FOQFSJPEPEFMBDUBODJBB DVDIBSBEBT EJBSJBNFOUF  EFQFOEJFOEPEFMPTOJWFMFT EFIFNPHMPCJOB





  



'RVLVUHFRPHQGDGD











DVDIBSBEBTQSPWFFO EFMDPOTVNPSFDPNFOEBEP  EJBSJBNFOUF EFMBWJUBNJOB"

/DDEVRUFLyQGHORVQXWULHQWHVSXHGHYDULDUGHSHQGLHQGRGHODGLHWD\ODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHOLQGLYLGXR/DVKRMDVGH0RULQJDFRQ VXFRQWHQLGRDOWRGHKLHUUR\SURWHtQDQRVRQDSURSLDGDVSDUDHOWUDWDPLHQWRLQLFLDOGHODVSHUVRQDVVHYHUDPHQWHGHVQXWULGDV

.FEJDJOB5SBEJDJPOBM

$ILUPDFLRQHVGHOD0HGLFLQD7UDGLFLRQDO 1PSTJHMPT MBHFOUFFONVDIPTQBÎTFTIBVTBEPMBTIPKBTEFMB.PSJOHBDPNPVOBNFEJDJOB USBEJDJPOBMQBSBDVSBSFOGFSNFEBEFTMFWFTDPNVOFT-PTFTUVEJPTDMÎOJDPTIBOFNQF[BEPB TVHFSJSRVFQPSMPNFOPTBMHVOBTEFFTUBTJEFBTTPOWÃMJEBT%BEPRVFMBNFEJDJOBUSBEJDJPOBM TVHJFSFVOWBMPSNFEJDJOBMUBOHSBOEF MBTQSVFCBTDMÎOJDBTBEJDJPOBMFTTPONVZOFDFTBSJBTFO FTUFNPNFOUP4JMPTFTUVEJPTDPODMVZFORVFBMHVOBTEFMBTBGJSNBDJPOFTTPODJFSUBT FTUBTIPKBT QPESÎBOWPMWFSTFVOSFDVSTPJOFTUJNBCMFQBSBMBHFOUFRVFWJWFFOMBTÃSFBTEPOEFPUSBTGPSNBT EFUSBUBNJFOUPTPOFTDBTBT (VBUFNBMB

JOGFDDJPOFTEFMBQJFM MMBHBT

*OEJB     

BOFNJB BOTJFEBE BTNB FTQJOJMMBT JNQVSJEBEFTEFMBTBOHSF CSPORVJUJT   DBUBSSP DPOHFTUJÓOEFMQFDIP DÓMFSBDPOKVOUJWJUJT UPT EJBSSFB JOGFDDJPOFT  EFPKPTZEFPÎEP DBMFOUVSB IJODIB[ÓOEFMBTHMÃOEVMBT EPMPSEFDBCF[B   QSFTJÓOEFTBOHSFBOPSNBM IJTUFSJB EPMPSFOMBTBSUJDVMBDJPOFT TPSJBTJT   USBTUPSOPTSFTQJSBUPSJPT FTDPSCVUP EFGJDJFODJBEFTFNFO EPMPSEFHBSHBOUB  FTHVJODF UVCFSDVMPTJT

.BMBTJB

HVTBOPTJOUFTUJOBMFT

/JDBSBHVB

EPMPSEFDBCF[B JOGFDDJPOFTEFMBQJFM MMBHBT

'JMJQJOBT 

BOFNJB IJODIB[ÓOHMBOEVMBS BEFNÃTEFUSBUBSFOGFSNFEBEFT UBNCJÊOTFMFTEBBMBTNVKFSFTFOMBDUBODJB

1VFSUP3JDP

HVTBOPTJOUFTUJOBMFT

4FOFHBM  

EJBCFUFT JOGFDDJPOFTEFQJFM MMBHBT BEFNÃTEFUSBUBSFOGFSNFEBEFT UBNCJÊOTFMFTEBBMBTNVKFSFT FNCBSB[BEBT

7FOF[VFMB

HVTBOPTJOUFTUJOBMFT

0USPTQBÎTFT

DPMJUJT EJBSSFB IJESPQFTÎB EJTFOUFSÎB HPOPSSFB JDUFSJDJB NBMBSJB VMDFSBTEFM FTUÓNBHP UVNPSFT USBTUPSOPTEFMBWFKJHB IFSJEBT

)XHQWHV



(VSHUDPRV TXH HVWH OLEUR OH KD\D GDGR XQD LQWURGXFFLyQVLJQLILFDWLYDDODVKRMDVGH0RULQJD \VXJUDQSRWHQFLDOSDUDWHQHUXQLPSDFWRHQOD YLGDKXPDQD +R\ HQ GtD VRQ ELOORQHV GH SHUVRQDV HQ QXHVWUR SODQHWD TXH SDGHFHQ GH OD GHVQXWULFLyQ 1L VH SXHGH LPDJLQDU VX GRORU \ VXIULPLHQWR (V XQ SUREOHPD FUyQLFR \ XUJHQWH TXH QR VH TXLWD IiFLOPHQWH 3DUD DERUGDU HVWH SUREOHPD YDPRV D QHFHVLWDU WRGDV ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV D QXHVWUD GLVSRVLFLyQ \ HV SRVLEOH TXH OD 0RULQJD SXHGD MXJDUXQEXHQSDSHO 6LD\XGDVDKDFHUHVWXGLRVDGLFLRQDOHVHVWHOLEUR WH GDUi XQ SXQWR GH LQLFLR $OJXQRV HMHPSORV GH ORVHVWXGLRVTXHVHQHFHVLWDQKDQVLGRSURYLVWRV SHURODOLVWDQRHVWiFRPSOHWD $XQTXH OD QHFHVLGDG HV VREUH HVWXGLRV ORFDOHV HVWRV PLVPRV HVWXGLRV FRQWULEXLUiQ DO FRQRFLPLHQWR FROHFWLYR TXH SXHGH VHUYLU D WRGR HO PXQGR &DGD DFFLyQ DXQ OD PiV SHTXHxD D\XGDUiDFRPSOHWDUHOUHWUDWR 6L QHFHVLWDV PiV D\XGD R DSR\R SRU IDYRU FRQWiFWDQRV0RULQJD#WUHHVIRUOLIHRUJ



(MHPSORGHORVHVWXGLRVTXH KDFHQIDOWD -BTIPKBTEF.PSJOHBNFSFDFOFTUVEJPTBEJDJPOBMFTEFTEFWBSJBTQFSTQFDUJWBT1PTJCMFTUFNBTEFFTUVEJP JODMVZFOTVVTPDPNPGPSSBKFQBSBBOJNBMFT QSÃDUJDBTEFBHSJDVMUVSB EFTDVCSJNJFOUPEFWBSJFEBEFT EFTDPOPDJEBTZQPTJCMFTVTPTRVFBÙOOPIBOTJEPDPOTJEFSBEPT4JOFNCBSHP FTUFMJCSPIBDFIJODBQJÊ FOMBOFDFTJEBEEFMFTUVEJPEFVOBTQFDUPMJNJUBEP QFSPEFJNQPSUBODJBWJUBMMBEFTOVUSJDJÓOIVNBOB &MFTUVEJPEFFTUFUFNBSFRVFSJSÃ

$QiOLVLVDGLFLRQDOGHODVSURSLHGDGHVQXWULWLYDVGHODVKRMDVGH0RULQJD 5HH[DPLQDFLyQFLHQWtILFDVREUHODDILUPDFLyQTXHODVKRMDVGH0RULQJDSXHGHQFRPEDWLUHQIHUPHGDGHV "MHVOPTFKFNQMPTEFFTUFUJQPEFFTUVEJPFTUÃOBOPUBEPTBCBKP 

(VWXGLRVQXWULWLYRV



$PNQPTJDJÓOOVUSJUJWBEFMBTIPKBT.PSJOHBTFOEJGFSFOUFTMVHBSFT EJGFSFOUFTDPOEJDJPOFT EFDVMUJWP FUD



1BTPTQSFQBSBUJWPTZDBOUJEBEFTSFDPNFOEBEBTFOFMVTPEF.PSJOHBDPNPTVQMFNFOUPOVUSJUJWP



(VWXGLRVFOtQLFRVXVDQGRVXMHWRVKXPDQRVSDUDSRGHULQYHVWLJDU



#JPEJTQPOJCJMJEBEEFOVUSJFOUFT



1PTJCJMJEBEEFFGFDUPTUÓYJDPT CJPUPYJDJEBE

 

&GFDUPTQPTJUJWPTFOFMTJTUFNBJONVOFQBSBQPEFSDPNCBUJSFOGFSNFEBEFT UBMFTDPNP  „%FTOVUSJDJÓO „7*)4*%" „*OGFDDJPOFTEFUSBOTNJTJÓOTFYVBM „5VCFSDVMPTJT

 



&GFDUPTFOMBTFOGFSNFEBEFTBGJSNBEPTQPSMBNFEJDJOBUSBEJDJPOBMSFMBDJPOBEPTB FOGFSNFEBEFT UBMFTDPNP  „)JQFSUFOTJÓO „%JBCFUFT „"MUBQSFTJÓOEFTBOHSF

 

1SPQJFEBEFTEFMPTBOUJPYJEBOUFTQBSBDPNCBUJSFOGFSNFEBEFT UBMFTDPNP „$BSEJPQBUÎB „$ÃODFS „&OGFSNFEBEEF"M[IFJNFS 



,GHQWLILFDFLyQGHODVYDULHGDGHVGH0RULQJD 3FTJTUFODJBBMBTPSVHBTZPUSBTQMBHBT 1PTFTJÓOEFMBDBOUJEBENÃTBMUBEFDPOUFOJEPOVUSJUJWPCJPEJTQPOJCMF

 

&RPSDUWLUWXVHVWXGLRV -PTRVFFTUÃOJOUFSFTBEPTFOMMFWBSBDBCPVOFTUVEJP QPSGBWPSDPOUÃDUBOPTBMNPSJOHB!USFFTGPSMJGFPSH 1BSBPCUFOFSNÃTSFDVSTPT DPOUBDUBBMB3FE*OUFSOBDJPOBMEF.PSJOHBXXXNPSJOHBOFXTPSH 1BSBQPOFSEPDVNFOUPTFOFMTJUJP8FCEFMB3FE*OUFSOBDJPOBMEF.PSJOHB NBOEBVODPSSFPFMFDUSÓOJDP B"SNFMMFEF4BJOU4BVWFVSBTBVWFVS!XBOBEPPGS



&TUVEJPTRVFIBOMMFWBEPBDBCP

(VWXGLRVVREUHOD0RULQJD "CBKPIBZVOPTFKFNQMPTEFMPTFTUVEJPTDJFOUÎGJDPTTPCSFMBTIPKBTEF.PSJOHBRVFTFIBO MMFWBEPTBDBCPFOMPTÙMUJNPTBÒPT1BSBWFSVOBMJTUBDPNQMFUBEFMPTFTUVEJPT BSUÎDVMPTZPUSBT QVCMJDBDJPOFT WFSXXX.PSJOHBOFXTPSHCJCMJP@FOIUNM 1XWULFLyQ



%DUPLQDV-7&KDUOHV0LODP(PPDQXHO'´0LQHUDO FRPSRVLWLRQRIQRQFRQYHQWLRQDOOHDI\YHJHWDEOHVµ3ODQW )RRGVIRU+XPDQ1XWULWLRQ   &KLQJ/60RKDPHG6´$OSKDWRFRSKHUROFRQWHQWLQ HGLEOHWURSLFDOSODQWVµ-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDODQG)RRG &KHPLVWU\ -XQ  )UHLEHUJHU&(9DQGHUMDJW'-3DVWXV]\Q$DQGRWKHUV ´1XWULHQWFRQWHQWRIWKHHGLEOHOHDYHVRIVHYHQZLOG SODQWVIURP1LJHUµ3ODQW)RRGVIRU+XPDQ1XWULWLRQ   *HHUYDQL3'HYL$´,QIOXHQFHRISURWHLQDQGIDWRQWKH XWLOLVDWLRQRIFDURWHQHIURPGUXPVWLFN 0RULQJDROHLIHUD  OHDYHVµ7KH,QGLDQ-RXUQDORI0HGLFDO5HVHDUFK 2FW  *LULMD96KDUDGD'3XVKSDPPD3´%LRDYDLODELOLW\RI WKLDPLQHULERIODYLQDQGQLDFLQIURPFRPPRQO\ FRQVXPHGJUHHQOHDI\YHJHWDEOHVLQWKHUXUDODUHDV RI$QGKUD3UDGHVKLQ,QGLDµ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDOIRU 9LWDPLQDQG1XWULWLRQ5HVHDUFK   +RVNHQ)UDQ3HG´6WRSSLQJ0DOQXWULWLRQLQWKH7URSLFVZLWK WKH0RULQJD7UHHµ:RPHQ·V,QWHUQDWLRQDO1HWZRUN1HZV    /RFNHWW&DVVLXV&DOYHUW&KULVWRSKHU*ULYHWWL/RXLV´(QHUJ\ DQGPLFURQXWULHQWFRPSRVLWLRQRIGLHWDU\DQGPHGLFLQDO ZLOGSODQWVFRQVXPHGGXULQJGURXJKW6WXG\RIUXUDO )XODQL1RUWKHDVWHUQ1LJHULDµ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI )RRG6FLHQFHVDQG1XWULWLRQ   0DNNDU+36%HFNHU.´1XWULHQWVDQGDQWLTXDOLW\IDFWRUV LQGLIIHUHQWPRUSKRORJLFDOSDUWVRIWKH0RULQJDROHLIHUD WUHHµ7KH-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDO6FLHQFH    1DPELDU96%KDGDONDU.'D[LQL0´'UXPVWLFNOHDYHV DVVRXUFHRIYLWDPLQ$LQ,&'66)3µ,QGLDQ-RXUQDORI 3HGLDWULFV 0D\  1DPELDU96'D[LQL0%KDGDONDU.´1XWULWLRQDODQG6HQVRU\ (YDOXDWLRQRI'ULHG'UXPVWLFN/HDI 0RULQJDROHLIHUD  5HFLSHVµ,QGLDQ)RRG3DFNHU3DUW   1DPELDU9DQLVKD66HVKDGUL6XEDGUD´%LRDYDLODELOLW\WULDOV RIEHWDFDURWHQHIURPIUHVKDQGGHK\GUDWHGGUXPVWLFN OHDYHV 0RULQJDROHLIHUD LQDUDWPRGHOµ3ODQW)RRGVIRU +XPDQ1XWULWLRQ   3DQNDMD13UDNDVK-´$YDLODELOLW\RIFDOFLXPIURPNLONHHUDL $PDUDQWKXVWULFRORU DQGGUXPVWLFN 0RULQJDROHLIHUD  JUHHQVLQZHDQOLQJUDWVµ'LH1DKUXQJ    6HQD/39DQGHU-DJW'-5LYHUD&DQGRWKHUV´$QDO\VLV RIQXWULWLRQDOFRPSRQHQWVRIHLJKWIDPLQHIRRGVRIWKH 5HSXEOLFRI1LJHUµ3ODQW)RRGVIRU+XPDQ1XWULWLRQ   6HVKDGUL61DPELDU96´.DQMHUR 'LJHUDDUYHQVLV DQG 'UXPVWLFN/HDYHV 0RULQJDROHLIHUD 1XWULHQW3URILOH DQG3RWHQWLDOIRU+XPDQ&RQVXPSWLRQµ:RUOG5HYLHZRI 1XWULWLRQDQG'LHWHWLFV   6LGGKXUDMX3%HFNHU.´$QWLR[LGDQW3URSHUWLHVRI9DULRXV 6ROYHQW([WUDFWVRI7RWDO3KHQROLF&RQVWLWXHQWVIURP7KUHH 'LIIHUHQW$JURFOLPDWLF2ULJLQVRI'UXPVWLFN7UHH 0RULQJD ROHLIHUD/DP /HDYHVµ-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDODQG)RRG

&KHPLVWU\  

6UHHQLYDVDQ-\RWVQD´7KH'UXPVWLFN7UHH$1DWXUDO 0XOWLYLWDPLQµ( 0D\-XQ 

6XEDGUD6HVKDGUL0RQLFD-DLQ'KDEKDL'´5HWHQWLRQ

DQG6WRUDJH6WDELOLW\RI%HWDFDURWHQHLQ'HK\GUDWHG 'UXPVWLFN/HDYHV 0RULQJD2OHLIHUD µ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDORI)RRG6FLHQFHVDQG1XWULWLRQ   

0HGLFLQD $EX\H&2PZHJD$0,PXQJL-.´)DPLOLDOWHQGHQF\DQG

GLHWDU\DVVRFLDWLRQRIJRLWUHLQ*DPR*RID(WKLRSLDµ7KH (DVW$IULFDQ0HGLFDO-RXUQDO $XJ  $EX\H&8UJD..QDSS+DQGRWKHUV´$FRPSRVLWLRQDO VWXG\RI0RULQJDVWHQRSHWDODOHDYHVµ7KH(DVW$IULFDQ 0HGLFDO-RXUQDO   &DFHUHV$6DUDYLD$5L]]R6=DEDOD/'H/HRQ( 1DYH)´3KDUPDFRORJLFSURSHUWLHVRI0RULQJDROHLIHUD 6FUHHQLQJIRUDQWLVSDVPRGLFDQWLLQIODPPDWRU\DQG GLXUHWLFDFWLYLW\µ-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\ -XQ  &DFHUHV$&DEUHUD20RUDOHV2DQGRWKHUV ´3KDUPDFRORJLFDOSURSHUWLHVRI0RULQJDROHLIHUD 3UHOLPLQDU\VFUHHQLQJIRUDQWLPLFURELDODFWLYLW\µ-RXUQDORI (WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\ -XO\  'DQJL6<-ROO\&,1DUD\DQDQ6´$QWLK\SHUWHQVLYH$FWLYLW\RI WKH7RWDO$ONDORLGVIURPWKH/HDYHVRI0RULQJDROHLIHUDµ 3KDUPDFHXWLFDO%LRORJ\   )DL]L66LGGLTXL%66DOHHP5DQGRWKHUV´)XOO\ DFHW\ODWHGFDUEDPDWHDQGK\SRWHQVLYHWKLRFDUEDPDWHJO\ FRVLGHVIURP0RULQJDROHLIHUDµ3K\WRFKHPLVWU\    )DL]L66LGGLTXL%16DOHHP5DQGRWKHUV´,VRODWLRQ DQG6WUXFWXUH(OXFLGDWLRQRI1HZ1LWULOHDQG0XVWDUG 2LO*O\FRVLGHVIURP0RULQJDROHLIHUDDQG7KHLU(IIHFWRQ %ORRG3UHVVXUHµ-RXUQDORI1DWXUDO3URGXFWV    *KDVL61ZRERGR(2ILOL-2´+\SRFKROHVWHUROHPLFHIIHFWV RIFUXGHH[WUDFWRIOHDIRI0RULQJDROHLIHUD/DPLQKLJKIDW GLHWIHGZLVWDUUDWVµ-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\   0HNRQQHQ<´(IIHFWVRI(WKDQRO([WUDFWRI0RULQJDVWHQRSHWDOD /HDYHVRQ*XLQHDSLJDQG0RXVH6PRRWK0XVFOHµ 3K\WRWKHUDS\5HVHDUFK   0HNRQQHQ<
3FGFSFODFT

5HIHUHQFLDV 3ODQWD0HGLFD  

1DWK'6HWKL16LQJK5.-DLQ$.´&RPPRQO\XVHG

,QGLDQDERUWLIDFLHQWSODQWVZLWKVSHFLDOUHIHUHQFHWRWKHLU WHUDWRORJLFHIIHFWVLQUDWVµ-RXUQDORI(WKQRSKDUPDFRORJ\  $SU  3DO6.0XNKHUMHH3.6DKD%3´6WXGLHVRQWKH$QWLXOFHU $FWLYLW\RI0RULQJDROHLIHUD/HDI([WUDFWRQ*DVWULF8OFHU 0RGHOVLQ5DWVµ3K\WRWKHUDS\5HVHDUFK375    3DO6.0XNKHUMHH3.6DKD.DQGRWKHUV´6WXGLHVRQ 6RPH3V\FKRSKDUPDFRORJLFDO$FWLRQVRI0RULQJDROHLIHUD /DP 0RULQJDFHDH /HDI([WUDFWµ3K\WRWKHUDS\5HVHDUFK 375   3DUL/.XPDU1$´+HSDWRSURWHFWLYH$FWLYLW\RI0RULQJD ROHLIHUDRQ$QWLWXEHUFXODU'UXJ,QGXFHG/LYHU'DPDJHLQ 5DWVµ-RXUQDORI0HGLFLQDO)RRG   5DR$9'HYL38.DPDWK5´,QYLYRUDGLRSURWHFWLYHHIIHFWRI 0RULQJDROHLIHUDOHDYHVµ,QGLDQ-RXUQDORI([SHULPHQWDO %LRORJ\ 6HS  7DKLOLDQL3DQNDM.DU$QDQG´5ROHRI0RULQJDROHLIHUDOHDI H[WUDFWLQWKHUHJXODWLRQRIWK\URLGKRUPRQHVWDWXVLQ DGXOWPDOHDQGIHPDOHUDWVµ3KDUPDFRORJLFDO5HVHDUFK WKH2IILFLDO-RXUQDORIWKH,WDOLDQ3KDUPDFRORJLFDO6RFLHW\   

4XtPLFD %HQQHWW510HOORQ)$)RLGO1DQGRWKHUV´3URILOLQJ

*OXFRVLQRODWHVDQG3KHQROLFVLQ9HJHWDWLYHDQG 5HSURGXFWLYH7LVVXHVRIWKH0XOWL3XUSRVH7UHHV0RULQJD ROHLIHUD/ +RUVHUDGLVK7UHH DQG0RULQJDVWHQRSHWDOD/µ -RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDODQG)RRG&KHPLVWU\    /HXFN0LFKDHO.XQ]+RUVW´5HJXODUSDSHUV6\QWKHVLVRI DFWLYHSULQFLSOHVIURPWKHOHDYHVRI0RULQJDROHLIHUDXVLQJ 6SHQWHQ\OWKLRJO\FRVLGHVµ&DUERK\GUDWH5HVHDUFK    5XE\-1DWKDQ37%DODVLQJK-DQGRWKHUV´&KHPLFDO &RPSRVLWLRQRI)UXLWVDQG/HDYHV(DWHQE\6KRUW1RVHG )UXLW%DW&\QRSWHUXVVSKLQ[µ-RXUQDORI&KHPLFDO (FRORJ\   9DQ'URRJHQEURHFN%.\QGW70DHUWHQV,5RPHLMQ3HHWHUV (6FKHOGHPDQ;5RPHUR0RWRFKL-39DQ'DPPH 3*RHWJKHEHXU3*KH\VHQ*´3K\ORJHQHWLF$QDO\VLVRI WKH+LJKODQG3DSD\DV 9DVFRQFHOOHD DQG$OOLHG*HQHUD &DULFDFHDH 8VLQJ3&55)/3µ7KHRUHWLFDODQG$SSOLHG *HQHWLFV 0D\(SXE-DQ 

*HQHUDO 6DLQW6DXYHXU GH $HWDOHGV'HYHORSPHQW3RWHQWLDO

IRU0RULQJD3URGXFWV,QWHUQDWLRQDO:RUNVKRS'DU HV6DODDP7DQ]DQLD2FW1RY&,5$' 3523$*(6,/9$FROO&ROORTXHV&'5RP-DQ ZZZPRULQJDQHZVRUJVHPLQDLUHBHQKWPO!

 (  PQBMBO $ #73BNB4BTUSJ BOE4$#BMBTVCSBNBOJBO/VUSJUJWF WBMVFPG*OEJBOGPPET)ZEFSBCBE *OEJB /BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG /VUSJUJPO

 SFWJTFEBOEVQEBUFECZ#4/BSBTJOHB3BP :( %FPTUIBMF BOE,$1BOU    6  OJUFE/BUJPOT8PSME'PPE1SPHSBNNF*OUFSBDUJWF)VOHFS.BQ %FDFNCFSXXXXGQPSHDPVOUSZ@CSJFGIVOHFS@NBQ NBQIVOHFSNBQ@QPQVQNBQ@QPQVQIUNM  (  PQBMBO $ 1SFTJEFOUPGUIF/VUSJUJPO'PVOEBUJPOPG*OEJB &NBJMUP5SFFTGPS-JGF+VMZ  .  BSUJO 'SBOLMJO8BOE3VUI.3VCFSUÊ4VSWJWBMBOE4VCTJTUFODFJO UIF5SPQJDT.BZBHVF[1VFSUP3JDP"OUJMMJBO1SFTT <JO1SJDF  .BSUJO-i5IF.PSJOHB5SFFu&EVDBUJPOBM$PODFSOTGPS)VOHFS 0SHBOJ[BUJPO &$)0 5FDIOJDBM/PUF SFWJTFE .BZ XXXFDIPOFUPSHUSPQJDBMBHUFDIOPUFT.PSJOHBQEG>  '  VHMJF -PXFMM+ FE5IF.JSBDMF5SFF.PSJOHBPMFJGFSB/BUVSBM /VUSJUJPOGPSUIF5SPQJDT5SBJOJOH.BOVBM$IVSDI8PSME 4FSWJDF %BLBS 4FOFHBMXXXNPSJOHBUSFFTPSHNPSJOHB NJSBDMFUSFFIUNM .BZ  $  IVSDI8PSME4FSWJDFi)PQFEVSJOHESPVHIU$84QSFTFOUT "OESFX:PVOHXJUI.PSJOHB5SFFTu+VOF.BZXXX DIVSDIXPSMETFSWJDFPSHNPSJOHBNPSJOHBUPZPVOHIUNM  ,  SJTIOBTXBNZ ,BNBMB %JSFDUPSPGUIF/BUJPOBM*OTUJUVUFPG/VUSJUJPO  )ZEFSBCBE *OEJB&NBJMUP5SFFTGPS-JGF"VH  '  MFUDIFS 3PCFEi.PSJOHBPMFJGFSB UIFLFMPSUSFF u5IF"VTUSBMJBO /FX$SPQT/FXTMFUUFS*TTVF +BO.BZ XXXOFXDSPQTVRFEVBVOFXTMFUUODOMIUN  1  SJDF .BSUJO-i5IF.PSJOHB5SFFu&EVDBUJPOBM$PODFSOTGPS )VOHFS0SHBOJ[BUJPO &$)0 5FDIOJDBM/PUF SFWJTFE  .BZXXXFDIPOFUPSHUSPQJDBMBHUFDIOPUFT.PSJOHBQEG 4BJOU4BVWFVS EF

"SNFMMFi.PSJOHBFYQMPJUBUJPOJOUIFXPSME 4UBUFPGLOPXMFEHFBOEDIBMMFOHFTu%FWFMPQNFOU1PUFOUJBMGPS .PSJOHB1SPEVDUT*OUFSOBUJPOBM8PSLTIPQ %BSFT4BMBBN 5BO[BOJB  0DU/PW .PSUPO +VMJB'i5IF)PSTFSBEJTI5SFF .PSJOHBQUFSZHPTQFSNB .PSJOHBDFBF ‡"#PPOUP"SJE-BOET u&DPOPNJD#PUBOZ 

   *OEJBO(ZBO5IF4PVSDFGPS"MUFSOBUJWF.FEJDJOFTBOE)PMJTUJD )FBMUI)PNF3FNFEJFTGPS$PNNPO"JMNFOUT.BZ XXXJOEJBOHZBODPNCPPLTIFBMUICPPLTSFNFEJFTDBUBSBDUTIUNM #BLISV ),'PPET5IBUIFBM5IF/BUVSBM8BZUP(PPE)FBMUI4PVUI "TJB#PPLT  /FX$SPQ3FTPVSDF0OMJOF1SPHSBN /FX$301 i.PSJOHB0MFJGFSB -BNu+BO1VSEVF6+BOXXXIPSUQVSEVFFEV OFXDSPQEVLF@FOFSHZ.PSJOHB@PMFJGFSBIUNM 4BJSBN 57)PNFSFNFEJFT 7PM**")BOECPPLPG)FSCBM$VSFTGPS $PNNPOT"JMNFOUT/FX%FMIJ *OEJB1FOHVJO  .44XBNJOBUIBO3FTFBSDI'PVOEBUJPO.PSJOHBPMFJGFSB-BN  .PSJOHBDFBF.BZXXXNTTSGPSHGSJTGSJTIUNM 1BSUJDJQBUPSZ%FWFMPQNFOU3FTPVSDF$FOUSFGPS"GSJDB 1%3$"  1BHF6OJUFE/BUJPOT7PMVOUFFST"VHXXXVOWPSH QSPKFDUTQESDBQESDBIUN )PNF5SVUIT1BHF.PSFQFO-BCPSBUPSJFT.BSDIXXX NPSFQFODPNNPSFQFOOFXTMFUUFSIPNFUSVUITIUN 4BNCPV%JBUUB #i4VQQMFNFOUBUJPOGPSQSFHOBOUBOECSFBTU GFFEJOHXPNFOXJUI.PSJOHBPMFJGFSBQPXEFSu%FWFMPQNFOU 1PUFOUJBMGPS.PSJOHB1SPEVDUT*OUFSOBUJPOBM8PSLTIPQ %BSFT 4BMBBN 5BO[BOJB 0DU/PW 

4XLHQHVDSR\DQHVWHOODPDGRSRUHVWXGLRVFLHQWtILFRVDGLFLRQDOHVVREUHODVKRMDVGH0RULQJD $OVKDQNLWL$EGXOODK3K'_1DWLRQDO$JULFXOWXUH5HVHDUFK &HQWHU_6DXGLD$UDELD_DOVKDQNL#\DKRRFRP

1LUXOD'HHSDNDQG$UYLQG%DKO_7UHHVIRU/LIH,QGLD_ GHHSDNQLUXOD#YVQOFRP

$QGUDGH GH ÉXUHD_(VWXGLRPyYHO_%UD]LO_RODU#XRO FRPEU

1RXU(OGHDQ+DQ\$_3XEOLF$XWKRULW\RI$JULFXOWXUH $IIDLUVDQG)LVK5HVRXUFHV²)RUHVWU\DQG5DQJH 'HSDUWPHQW².XZDLW_.XZDLW_ZZZJHRFLWLHVFRPPRU LQJDNZ_KKQQ#FDQDGDFRP

%HUQDVFRQL0DUFR_'HVDUUROORV$JUtFRODV6$ $JULFXOWXUDO'HYHORSPHQWV6RXWK$PHULFD  '(6$ _ %ROLYLD_PDUFR#EHIXQGFRP &DOGHUyQ-RVp/XLV0'_&HQWHUIRU&URVVFXOWXUDO (SLGHPLRORJLF6WXGLHVDW'UHZ8QLYHUVLW\_ZZZFGUHZX HGX_GUFDOGHURQ#VEFJOREDOQHW &RD.LHPRNR_,YRU\&RDVW_NLHPBFRD#\DKRRIU &UHLJKWRQ:LOOLDP_1DWXUDO3URGXFWV/WG_7DQ]DQLD 1RUWKHUQ,UHODQG_QDWXUDOSURGXFWV#KRWPDLOFRP 'HZDQ'U0/_+,0&21 +LPDOD\DQ&RQVRUWLXPIRU +LPDOD\DQ&RQVHUYDWLRQ _POGHZDQ#KRWPDLOFRP_ ZZZLQGLDVRFLDORUJKLPFRQ 'LRS2XVPDQH0DPDGRX_$6352 $VVRFLDWLRQ SRXUOD6DQWp3UpYHQWLYHGH5RVVR _0DXULWDQLD_ DVSUR#FDUDPDLOFRP (OVKDLJL.DPDO0$_$JURWHFK&R/WG_6XGDQ_ NDPDOHOVKDLJL#\DKRRFRP )OHLVFKHU.RQUDG_3DUDJXD\*HUPDQ\_ ZZZPRULQQJDRQOLQHGH_)OHLVFKHU$DFKHQ#JP[GH )UHGULFNVRQ'U'RUHQ_'LVWLQJXLVKHG3URIHVVRURI 3XEOLF+HDOWK²8QLYHUVLW\RI.DQVDV6FKRRORI0HGLFLQH_ 86$_GIUHGULF#NXPFHGX )XJOLH/RZHOO_6HQHJDO_IXJOLH#WHOHFRPSOXVVQ *DXWDP$VKYLQL_*DXWDP*OREDO_,QGLD_ ZZZJDXWDPJOREDOFRP_WUHHVHHGV#RSHUDPDLOFRP *QDQJOH&HVDLUH3_*URXSHGH5HFKHUFKHHWG·$FWLRQV SRXUXQ'pYHORSSHPHQW'XUDEOH_%HQLQ_ JQDPSDFHV#\DKRRIU *RHWWVFK(JJHUW_*HUPDQ(WKLRSLDQ$VVRFLDWLRQ_ *HUPDQ\(WKLRSLD_HJJHUWJRHWWVFK#ZHEGH *RZRQ0LFKDHO-RVHSK_'$57 'HYHORSPHQW $OWHUQDWLYHV5HVHDUFKDQG7UDLQLQJ _1LJHULD_ GDUWQLJHULD#\DKRRFRP +LOEUDQGV)UDQN_/XWKHUDQ:RUOG)HGHUDWLRQ'HSWIRU :RUOG6HUYLFH_0DXULWDQLD_LQIR#OZIPUWRUJ_ ZZZOZIPUWRUJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO0RULQJD1HWZRUN_'U$UPHOOHGH6DLQW 6DXYHXU_)UDQFH_ZZZPRULQJDQHZVRUJ .DVR]L6DPVRQ_:(&$', :DNLVR(QYLURQPHQW &RQVHUYDWLRQDQG'HYHORSPHQW,QLWLDWLYH _8JDQGD_ NDVR]L#\DKRRFRP /RJX'_7DP+HUE_,QGLD_ZZZWDPKHUEFRP_ LQIR#WDPKHUEFRP /\RQV$QQ_0RULQJD)DUPV -DPDLFD /WG_-DPDLFD_ DQQO\RQV#JPDLOFRP 0RHUQ9D_0OXS%DLWRQJ_&DPERGLD_ZZZPOXSRUJ_ POXS#RQOLQHFRPNK 0XOHQJD5HY*RGIUH\-DQXDU\_$/06 $UNRI/LIH 0LQLVWULHV _=DPELD_JMDOPV#\DKRRFRP



0XQ\3KDW_3UHN/HDS1DWLRQDO6FKRRORI$JULFXOWXUH_ &DPERGLD_SQVD#PDLOFRP

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xHURVHQ0LQLVWHULR3DUWQHUV LQ0LQLVWU\_0H[LFR_ZZZFRPSDQHURVSDUWQHUVRUJ_ SDUWQHUVLQPLQLVWU\#SURGLJ\QHW 6LOYD GD )HUQDQGR-RVp$UD~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aLE
1XHVWURSURIXQGRDJUDGHFLPLHQWR

*UDFLDVSRUHVWDRSRUWXQLGDG

$JUDGHFHPRV D WRGDV ODV SHUVRQDV TXH D\XGDURQ D OOHYDU DFDER OD §3UXHED GH 0HUFDGHR 6RFLDO¨ HQ 2ULVVD ,QGLD OR FXDO QRV OOHYy D OD FUHDFLyQ GH HVWH OLEUR /D SUXHED VH KL]R HQ FRRSHUDFLyQ FRQ 2SSRUWXQLWLHV IRU 0LFURQXWULHQW ,QWHUYHQWLRQV 201, 5HVHDUFK

/DFUHDFLyQGHHVWHOLEURPHUHFXHUGDODP~VLFDTXH HVFXFKpFXDQGRHUDXQQLxRHQOD,QGLD(VWDP~VLFD VLHPSUH WHQtD OD PLVPD HVWUXFWXUD FOiVLFD SHUR QR KDEtD GRV H[SHULHQFLDV LJXDOHV (O P~VLFR SULQFLSDO VLHPSUHLPSURYLVDEDUHWDQGRMXJXHWRQDPHQWHDVXV DFRPSDxDQWHVDPDQWHQHUHOULWPR/RVDFRPSDxDQWHV VHSRQtDQDODDOWXUDGHODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVUDGLDQGR DOHJUtD HQ HO EDLOH GH OD FUHDWLYLGDG 1RVRWURV VX DXGLHQFLD QR VRODPHQWH HVFXFKiEDPRV OD P~VLFD H[SHULPHQWiEDPRVHOSURFHVRGHODFUHDFLyQ

$JUDGHFHPRV D &pOLQH /RXLV \ &DPLOOH +HQU\ TXLHQHV YLQLHURQ GHVGH )UDQFLD \ WUDMHURQ VX JUDQ GHGLFDFLyQ \ FRPSURPLVR SDUD LQYHVWLJDU \ UHFROHFWDU GDWRV FLHQWtILFRV 7DPELpQ DJUDGHFHPRV D%RE+DPULFNSRUVXFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ\HVFULWXUD \ D 3DXO &KDXQFH\ 3KRWRJUDSK\ (&+2 ,QF \ -RH :DUUHQ SRU KDEHU SURYLVWR IRWRV H[FHOHQWHV $JUDGHFHPRVD$UPHOOHGH6DLQW6DXYHXUGHOD5HG ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH0RULQJD\/RZHOO)XJOLHHGLWRUGHO OLEUR 7KH 0LUDFOH 7UHH  0RULQJD ROHLIHUD 1DWXUDO 1XWULWLRQ IRU WKH 7URSLFV SRU SURYHHU FRQVHMRV H[SHUWRV

8QDPLHPEURGHQXHVWURHTXLSRTXHGHMyXQWUDEDMR OXFUDWLYRHQODFLXGDGGH1XHYD
$JUDGHFHPRV D 6DSSL TXH SURGXFH SDSHOHV ILQRV FDSHDGRV SRU KDEHU SUHPLDGR OD EHFD §,GHDV 7KDW 0DWWHU¨ ,GHDV TXH LPSRUWDQ  SDUD OD LPSUHVLyQ GH LGHDV FUHDWLYDV TXH DSR\DQ FDXVDV VRFLDOHV \ DPELHQWDOHV 7DPELpQ DJUDGHFHPRV D 0F&RUPLFN $UPVWURQJ &R ,QF LPSUHVRUHV SRU VX D\XGD JHQHURVD FRQ OD LPSUHVLyQ $JUDGHFHPRV D )LML %OHQG SURGXFWRUHV GH SURGXFWRV EURQFHDGRUHV FRQ LQJUHGLHQWHVGH0RULQJDSRUILQDQFLDUHOGHVDUUROOR FUHDWLYR < D OD 6HKJDO )RXQGDWLRQ TXLHQHV SURPXHYHQGHVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHHQORVSXHEORVOHV DJUDGHFHPRVSRUODGLVWULEXFLyQHQ,QGLD

(OORVH[SUHVDQFRQPLJRVXDJUDGHFLPLHQWRSRUOD RSRUWXQLGDGGHVHUYLU

%DOELU0DWKXU

0XFKDV JUDFLDV DPLJRV SRU VXV FRQWULEXFLRQHV JHQHURVDV



ÉUEROHVSDUDOD9LGD

8QDRUJDQL]DFLyQVLQILQHVGHOXFUR :6W/RXLV:LFKLWD.63KRQH  )$;   LQIR#WUHHVIRUOLIHRUJZZZWUHHVIRUOLIHRUJ ÉUEROHVSDUDOD9LGDHPSRGHUDDODJHQWHSDUDGHPRVWUDUTXHDWUDYpVGHODD\XGDPXWXDSRGHPRVGHVDWDUXQSRGHUH[WUDRUGLQDULRTXH WLHQHXQLPSDFWRVREUHQXHVWUDVYLGDV/RKDFHPRVSHUPLWLHQGRTXHODJHQWHHQWRGDVSDUWHVGHOPXQGRVLHPEUHiUEROHVIUXWDOHVHQ SDtVHVHQYtDVGHGHVDUUROOR&DGDiUEROSURWHJHHOPHGLRDPELHQWH\SURYHHXQDIXHQWHGHFRPLGDGHEDMRFRVWR\DXWRUHQRYDEOHSDUD XQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHJHQWH 1XHVWUDVDFWLYLGDGHVLQFOX\HQWUHVHOHPHQWRVHGXFDFLyQVDOXG\PHGLRDPELHQWH

(VWDSXEOLFDFLyQHVWRWDOPHQWHFRPSOHWDPHQWHDEVROXWDPHQWHFRQFUHWDPHQWH\VLQQLQJXQDGXGDOLEUHGHGHUHFKRVGHDXWRU £&RPSiUWDORFRQODJHQWHTXHSXHGHKDFHUXQDGLIHUHQFLD &RPSDUWDODYHUVLyQHQOtQHDZZZWUHHVIRUOLIHRUJPRULQJDERRN

3ULQWHGLQRQ6DSSL2SXV'XOO ZRRGIUHH SDSHU

3UHVLGHQWH

eUDVHXQDYH]HOMHIHGHXQSXHEORTXHVHOODPDED 5DPDVX(UDFRQRFLGRSRUVXVDELGXUtDSHUR\D HVWDEDHQYHMHFLHQGR 8QGtDXQKRPEUHMRYHQ\DPELFLRVROOHJyDEXVFDUOH §5DPDVXOHUHWRDXQFRQFXUVRS~EOLFR¨OHGLMR §
&RPRHOSiMDURYLYRGHODSDUiERODODSURPHVD VDOYDGRUDGHOiUERO0RULQJDHVWiHQWXVPDQRV 3RUIDYRUDFW~DFRQVDELGXUtD

Related Documents

Moringa Oleifera
November 2019 17
Moringa Oleifera
April 2020 14
Moringa
October 2019 22
Moringa
April 2020 19
Moringa Husk
April 2020 15
Moringa Chemicals
April 2020 17