Modul Biology Juj 2007

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Page 1.1

Contents

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1.2

Format

2-3

1.3

Analysis

4-5

1.4

Tips

6-16

1.5

Questions 1.5.1 SPM 2006 Question paper (paper 2 & 3)

16-39

1.5.2 Topical questions

40-99

1.6

Marking scheme

100-167

1.7

Example of student’s answer

168-192

1.7.1 Marking skill

193-218

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1.2

BIOLOGY SPM EXAM FORMAT ( STARTING FROM 2003) SUBJECT CODE : 4551

Index 1

Criteria Type of instrument Type of item

2

3

Total Question

Paper 1(4551/1) Objective Test

Paper 2(4551/2) Subjective Test

Paper 3(4551/3) Written Practical

Objective Item • Multiple choice

Subjective Item • Section A : structured Item • Section B :Essay Item Closed ended Respond • section C :Essay Item Open ended Respond Section A : • 5 items (Answer all the questions) Section B : • 2 items (2 items (Answer any one question) Section C : • 2 items (Answer any one question)

Subjective Item : • Structure Item • Open ended Respond (Essay )

50 Write the answer in the space provided in the question paper 1 hour 30 minutes Science process skill : 16 aspect Max score :3

Each item followed by four alternative answers A, B, C or D 50 ( Answer all the questions )

4 5

Total Marks Responded

50 Blacken one space at OMR form

100 Write the answer in the space provided in the question paper

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Duration Construct scoring

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Item example based on construct

1 hour 15 minutes section A : Knowlegment – 25 Section B : Comprehension – 15 Section C : Application skill - 10 Refer Example Instrument: Paper 4551 / 1

2 hours 30 minutes Knowlegment – 10 Comprehension – 20 Application skill – 30 Analysis skill – 15 Synthesis skill – 15 Evaluation - 10 Refer Example instrument: Paper 4551 / 2

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Marking

Dichotomous Mark: 1 or 0

Scoring is analytical based on scoring rubric

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Context

Construct from All

Construct from All learning

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Structure Item • 1 – 2 item (Answer any one question) Open ended responds: • 1 item ( Essay written )

Refer Example instrument: Paper 4551 / 3 Scoring is analytical based on rubric at level 3. Construct are tested

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Level of difficulties Easy : E Moderate : M Hard : H

Adding apparatus

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learning Area are tested R:S:T=3:1:1 ( 30 easy item : 10 moderate item :10 hard item )

Scientific calculator

3

Area are tested R:S:T=4:4:2 ( 40 easy Item: 40 moderate item : 20 hard item )

Overall R:S:T=5:3:2 Scientific calculator

from suitable learning area. R:S:T=3:1:1 ( 30 easy item : 10 moderate item : 10 hard item )

Scientific calculator

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1.3 Analysis of the SPM Biology Exam Questions (SPM 2002-2006) 2002

Chapter

2004

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2. Cell structure and cell organisation

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3. Movement of substances across the plasma membrane 4. Chemical composition of the cell

1.Introduction to Biology

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8. Respiration

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9. Dynamic Ecosystem 10. Endangered Ecosystem

P2

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2006

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2005

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10. Transport

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11. Locomotion and Support

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M 13. Reproduction 5

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1.4

TIPS FOR EXAM

1.4.1 Instruction verbs in stem question and their response 1.4.1.1 Knowlegment Instruction Verb

Response

Definition

Write the shot explanation about mining for certain word, term or terminology

State

Write the specific answer without explanation

List

Write more fact, characteristic, concept, principle, theory, in specific without relationship, or explanations.

Name

Write in specific term or terminology

Label

Mark and / or give the specific name may be for figure, graph, chart and act.

Identify

Making information / describe about something / statement / diagram .

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1.4.1.2 Comprehension Instruction Verb

Response

Change into form

Data / character form into maybe scheme diagram, graphic, flow chat or table

Draw

Answer the question in graphic form to give explanations .

Estimate

Sampling technique enable us to estimate the total population. Example : Estimating the size of plant population.

Predict

Give once value that may be true base on the trend / data before.

1.4.1.3 Application Instruction verbs

Response

Explain using diagram

Give explanation of answer helping by the diagram

Illustration

Calculate

Answer the question helping by diagram

Show the calculation

Build

Present the answer in certain way like in graph, chart, diagram act.

Classify

Can group the answer base on the certain character

Relationship

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Do relationship base on characteristic or factor

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1.4.1.4 Analysis Instruction Verbs

Response

Compare / comparison

State the similarities and differences between two subject

Differences

State the differences between two subject. One characteristic in one statement

Do Analysis

Making statement using aspect or that communicating like from table, graph or diagram.

Complete

Make decision for solve certain problem

1.4.1.5 Synthesis Instruction verbs Organization

Response Making plan for answer the question

Formulate

Making conclusion through express systematically

modify

Make modification using the principle or certain procedure

Arrange / put into order

Give Opinion Making hypothesis

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Do arrangement using certain procedure

Write the answer in positive and negative side State the statement that can testable . Relationship between Manipulated and responding variables.

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1.4.2 Tips for Examination ( How to present the answer followed the each paper ) 1.4.2.1 Objective Question

i.

Try to answer easy questions first, followed by moderate questions and students have enough time to answer difficult questions.

ii.

Don’t take more than 11/2 minutes for each question to make sure enough time for all questions.

iii.

Read the question carefully for three times to you understand what are the questions ask.

iv.

More information for each question can get from graph, table, diagram that given.

v.

Make ( / ) for true statement, reject all destructor and guess the best answer when you are not sure the best answer.

vi.

Make sure answer all the questions and remark all the answer and make sure: * One question only one answer. * Deleted wrong answer completely * Used 2B pencil.

Vii

Examples of questions form for paper 1 * Remember the fact * Making conclusion * Application * Observation * Knowlegment * Comparisons * Identify the problem * Calculation

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1.4.2.2 Subjective Questions Almost structure questions based on diagram, table, data, flow chart, graph that suitable with fact, experiment or investigation. Understand all the information given. Time suggestion to answer Paper 2: Part A ( 90 minutes ), Part B ( 30 minutes ) and Part C ( 30 minutes ), for Paper 3 : Question 1 ( 50 minutes ) and Question 2 ( 40 minutes ) Answer in one word, one number or one simple sentence No need write in long sentence or copy again part of the question. Answer can be in equations form, diagram, table or graph. Calculation must be show. Space for write the answers and mark at end of the essays or structure questions are given will show how long the answer must be write. Characteristics of alveolus : Accept Thickness of alveolus is only one cell Surface of alveolus is wet A lot of network of blood capillaries covering the alveolus

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Reject Alveolus is thin wet A lot of blood capillaries

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1.4.2.3 Paper 2 Question , Part C (Evaluation) Instruction verb like justification, evaluation, give your opinion, Students must state like ‘ I agree / I accept / I’m not agree / I’m not accept that statement given ( 1 mark ) and followed by opinion Draw a diagram * No artistic * Big (suitable size), clear, * Label the diagram correctly and line for label can’t be cross together * Neat and without broken lines Comparison - Must have similarities and differences - One characteristic must compare between two subject in one sentence - Separate sentence between similarities and differences - If answer in table, must write in full sentence Write chemical equation : * In word form [ / ] Glucose + oxygen

Carbon dioxide

[ X ] Glucose + oxygen

CO2

+ H2O

+ water + energy + energy

* In chemical form [ / ] C6H12O6

+

6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O

Draw the hybrid cross (Inheritance) * Has key * Label the schema diagram - Parental Genotype - Parental Gamete - F1 Genotype - F1 Phenotype

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+ energy

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Male gamete and female gamete are fertilization * Reject combine / attach Function of mitochondrion – Generate / provide energy - Reject : Supply / give energy Don’t copy again part of the question because this is not get any mark.

1.4.2.4 Paper 3: Question 1 i) Measuring using number Measure / record the data using apparatus that given in the experiment / question Example

: Record scale / thermometer reading, stop watch, ruler, measuring cylinder, syringe, burette with the correct units ( if not given)

ii) Observing Making observation based on the experiment given not on the theory. What can observe / see only – from data, table, scale of apparatus Example : State changes in color State increase of thermometer reading State changes in time State changes in volume ( end of experiment ) • State the value correctly • The observation that can be making inference iii) Making Inferences Making initial conclusion / cause based on observation If wrong / reject observation automatic inference will reject / wrong

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iv) Controlling Variables - Able to state all the variables, controlled, responding and manipulated variables correctly and method to handle variable correctly. - Must state PARAMETER like volume, temperature, mass, time, length - State that apparatus using to get the result for responding and controlled variables. Variable Manipulated variable: Variables that are changed in the experiment

Method to handle variable correctly Change in mass/concentration / water Or used different mass/ concentration / type of food

Examples: Temperature of water bath, mass of food, concentration of sucrose solution, type of fruits

Example : Used different mass of food Used 30% sucrose solution, 5% sucrose solution 10% sucrose solution Replace papaya juice with orange juice Change the concentration of albumen Must state the apparatus or state the formula using

Responding variable: Variable that are measure after experiment / result Example i) Final length of potato strip, ii) Final temperature of water, iii) Rate of transpiration iv) Rate of enzyme reaction

Controlled variable: Variable that constant during experiment Example: Initial temperature of water, volume of water, concentration of starch, type of enzyme

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Example : i) Measure / record the final length of potato strip using ruler ii) Measure / record the final temperature of water using thermometer iii) Calculate the rate of transpiration using formula : distance divided by time iv) Calculate the rate of enzyme reaction using formula concentration of albumen dived by time Must state the PARAMETER and VALUE and Apparatus Example : Fix the temperature at 370C using thermometer Fix volume of water at 20ml using measuring cylinder Fix concentration of starch at 10% Fix type of enzyme is pepsin

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v) Making hypothesis Make a statement of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable and showing the specific relationship. Reject : directly propos ional reject vi) Communication Presenting the data in certain form like table, graph, chart or diagram. Table - Column and row with correct title and units ( manipulated and responding variable) - Sufficient and systematic data (observational data ) Graph -

Title of the graph Both axes labeled with correct units Uniform scale All points plotted correctly Smooth curve and correct shape

Chart - Title of the chart - Both axes labeled with correct units - Uniform scale - Bars plotted correctly - Correct shape Diagram - No artistic - Big (suitable size), clear, - Label the diagram correctly and line for label can’t be cross together - Neat and without broken lines Calculation – Work out accurate calculation - Wright formula - Replacement with correct data - Answer with correct unit

vii) Interpreting Data - Based on the communicating data, able to state correctly the relationship between the variables

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viii) Relationship between space and time - Quantity and time (concentration, volume) - Relationship between manipulated / responding variable with time Example : The lower the concentration of enzyme so longer time used to hydrolysis starch

ix)

Predicting Give once value that may be true base on the trend / data before.

x) Defining by operation - Base on experiment - Including data, color, or time - Can’t base on theory xi) Classifying Can group the answer base on the certain character 1.4.2.5 Paper 3: Question 2 i) Problem statement - In question form. - Relationship between manipulated and responding variable - End of sentence has question mark (?) ii) Aim of investigation - State the objective the experiment. iii) Hypothesis Make a statement of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable and showing the specific relationship. iv) Variables - Manipulated variable - Responding variable - Controlling variable v) List of apparatus and materials Don’t separate between apparatus and materials

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vi) Technique used State method and apparatus used to get responding variable Example : Measure final length of potato strips using ruler Measure the mass of food using beam balance Record final temperature of water using thermometer vii) Experimental Procedure or method List down the complete and correct technique used based on the following criteria: C1 : Technique of assembling the apparatus and materials to carry out the experiment C2 : Technique of fixing the constant variable C3 : Technique of changing the manipulated variable C4 : Technique of measuring the responding variables C5 : Technique of taking precautions to increase accuracy State precautionary in the experiment viii) Presentation of data - Record data in suitable table (blank table) - Title of column and row with correct unit (manipulated and responding variable) ix ) Conclusion - Write hypothesis again. Example : Hypothesis accepted. The higher the temperature the higher rate of transpiration ## Can’t just write : hypothesis accepted

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1.5 SPM 2006 Question paper 1.5.1 PAPER 2 Section A [60 marks] Answer all question

1. Diagram 1 shows a plant cell as seen under an electron microscope.

DIAGRAM 1

(a) (i) On diagram 1, label the structure P, Q, R and S. [4marks] (ii) State the function of structure : P : ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. Q : ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks] (b) Explain the role of R to maintain cell turgidity. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [2marks]

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(c ) Every somatic cell which contains structure Q has a potential to form a complete new organism . (i) Name the technique used to produce new plants in large quantities. …………………………………………………………………………………….. [1mark]

(ii) By using one suitable part of the plant, explain the technique in 1 ( c) (i) . …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… .………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………… [4marks]

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2. (a) Diagram 2.1 shows human digestive system.

Duodenum

Q

DIAGRAM 2.1

Structure Q in diagram 2.1 is involved in the digestion of fat. (i) Name structure Q. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1mark] (ii) Name the enzyme which digests fat in Q ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1mark] (iii) Diagram 2.2 shows a mechanism of an enzyme reaction. Draw the diagram in the space III and IV provided in Diagram 2.2 to complete the mechanism of the enzyme reaction.

I

II

III DIAGRAM 2.2

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IV

V [2marks]

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(b) (i) Explain how starch is digested in the duodenum. …………………………………………………………………………………… .………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks] (ii) A student eats too oranges. Explain the effect of eating too many oranges on the digestion of starch in the duodenum. …………………………………………………………………………………… .………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks] (c ) In a food preparation process, a housewife carries out the following steps: Step 1 : Marinate pieces of meat with strips of unripe papaya in a basin. Step 2 : Immerse the basin in a container filled with water at 40oC for 30 minutes as in Diagram 2.3

DIAGRAM 2.3

Explain why the housewife carries out Step 1 and Step 2. …………………………………………………………………………………….. .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………...... ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks]

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3. Diagram 3.1 shows a cross-section of part of the nervous system.

DIAGRAM 3.1

(a) (i) Name structure X . ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1mark] (ii) State the function of X. ……………………………………………………………………………………. [1mark] (b) (i) Why is Y swollen at the dorsal root? ………………………………………………………………………………… [1mark] (ii) Complete Diagram 3.1 with the neurones involved in a reflex action. Mark the direction of the impulse movement on the neurones. [2marks] (c ) Complete two structures of a sensory neurone and a motor neurone. 1. …………………………………………………………………………………… .……………………………………………………………………………………. 2. ………………………………………………………………………………….... ……………………………………………………………………………………. [2marks] MODUL JUJ 2007

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(d) If the spinal nerve is cut off at Z, what is the effect on the organ which is connected to it? Explain your answer. …………………………………………………………………………………...... ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks] (e) Ali’s finger accidentally touches a flame. Explain briefly how his reflex action functions to avoid the injury. .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………...... ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………. [3marks]

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4. Diagram 4 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower during fertilization.

DIAGRAM 4

(a) On Diagram 4, name the structures P, Q, R and S. [4 marks] (b) (i) In the space below, draw a section through the ovule, showing all the cells in S. Label the cells involved in fertilization.

[3marks]

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(ii) What is the significance of having two Q structures in the fertilization? .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………...... ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks] (c ) In Diagram 4, the structure Y has to be kept dormant for future research purposes. (i) explain how Y can be prevented from germinating. .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………...... .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks]

(ii) If Y is to be germinated, suggest one method to stimulate to germination of Y. .……………………………………………………………………………………. [1mark]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows a sequence of stages in the synthesis of an extracellular enzyme in a human pancreatic cell. The stage are labeled as Stage I, Stage II and Stage III. Stage I shows a change in the specific part of a DNA strand. The DNA strand involved contains three nitrogenous bases, CTC

DIAGRAM 5.1

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(a) Explain the changes that occurred in the double helix of DNA strand during Stage 1. .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………...... ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2marks]

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1: (i) State two differences between the structure of the protein polypeptide molecule and the DNA molecule. 1. ………………………………………………………………………………… .…………………………………………………………………………………… 2. …………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………. [2marks]

(ii) Differentiate between the structure of DNA and RNA. ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1marks]

(c ) Explain how the protein formed at the ribosome is transformed into the extracellular enzyme so that it can be secreted from the cell. .……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………....... ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………….... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [3marks]

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(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a gene mutation that occurs in the DNA strand containing the base sequence CTC.

Explain how the mutation affects the specific characteristic or trait controlled. ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………… [3marks]

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Section B [20 marks] Answer any one question

6. Diagram 6 shows three organisms P, Q and R.

DIAGRAM 6

(a) (i) Describe the type of nutrition in P and Q.

[4 marks]

(ii) Explain one similarity and four differences between the alimentary canal of Q and R [10 marks] (b) Constipation, night blindness and anemia are three health problems. State the cause and suggest the ways to overcome these health problems from nutritional aspects. [ 6 marks]

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7. (a) Plasma membrane encircles the protoplasm of a cell. As a whole plasma membrane exhibits fluidity as if it is a layer of oil in a beaker of water. What is meant by plasma membrane exhibits fluidity?

[4marks]

(b) (i) An experiment is carried out using substance R outside a cell. The aim of the experiment is to study the effect of different concentrations of substances R on the rate of its movement across the plasma membrane into the cell. Graph 7.1 shows the result of the experiment.

Based on Graph 7.1 state an example of substance R and explain how substance R moves across the plasma membrane. [6 marks]

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(b) (ii) The experiment is repeated by replacing substance R with substance S. Graph 7.2 shows the result obtained.

Based on graph 7.1 and Graph 7.2 compare and explain the movement of substance R and substance S across the plasma membrane. [10 marks]

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Section C [ 20 marks ] Answer any one question 7. Green plant synthesis their food through the process of photosynthesis. The chemical process of photosynthesis can be summarised as in the schematic diagram in Diagram 8.

(a) State the meaning of photosynthesis based on the schematic diagram in Diagram 8 [ 2 marks]

(b) Starting with water and carbon dioxide as the raw materials, describe how a green plant produces starch molecules. [ 8 marks] (c) It is found that the process of photosynthesis contributes to the balance of nature. Explain how air pollution may an effect on photosynthesis and the balance of nature. [ 10 marks]

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9. (a) The following statements are on lymphatic system and blood circulatory system. •

The substances that come from the blood capillaries into the body tissue will be re-entered into the blood circulatory system.

•

Lymphatic system also function in transporting products of digestion.

Explain the above statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary to the blood circulatory system. [10 marks]

(b) Multicellular organisms like humans, need specific transport systems as compared to unicellular organisms like Amoeba sp., which do not need a transport system

Give an evaluation of the above statement based on the physical features of the organisms with the following physiological processes: • Respiration • Nutrition • Excretion [10 marks ]

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1.5.2 PAPER 3 1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship between the quantity of albumen and time. 1 ……………………………………………………………………

For Examiner’s Use

1(a) (i)

…………………………………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

(ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observation in 1 (a) (i). 1.…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… 1(a) (ii) 2 …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

(b) Using the information provided in Table 1.1, complete Table 1.2 by recording the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn clear.

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension

Time taken / minutes

10% 15%

1(b)

20% TABLE 1.2

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For Examiner’s Use

(c) (i) Complete Table 1.3 based on this experiment.

Method to handle the variable

Variable Manipulated variable ………………………………

………………………………………….

………………………………

………………………………………….

Responding variable ………………………………

………………………………………….

……………………………… Controlled variable

………………………………………….

………………………………

…………………………………………..

………………………………

………………………………………….. 1(c) (i)

TABLE 1.3 (ii)

[3 marks]

The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Thermometer, Stop watch, Albumen suspension, Water bath, Pepsin, Syringe

Complete table 1.4 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Variables

Apparatus

Material

Manipulated

……………………….

……………………..

Responding

……………………….

……………………..

Controlled

……………………….

……………………..

TABLE 1.4 [3 marks]

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1(c)(ii)

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(d) State the hypothesis is for this experiment. ………………………………………………………………………………….

For Examiner’s Use

…………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………….

1(d)

…………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(e) (i) Based on table 1.1 construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects: • • •

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension Time/min Rate of enzyme reaction as percentage of albumen converted per minute

1(e) (i)

[3 marks] 1(e) (ii) (ii)

On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension. [3 marks]

(iii)

Explain the relationship between the rate of reaction of pepsin and the concentration of albumen suspension based on the graph in 1(e)(ii). ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. [ 3marks]

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1(e) (iii)

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(f)

For Examiner’s Use

Based on experiment, what can you deduce about this enzyme?. …………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

1 (f)

…………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] (g) The experiment is repeated using the apparatus set up as in Diagram 1.3. The quantities of albumen suspension and pepsin enzyme used are as shown. The experiment is left for one hour.

P, Q, R and S are four possible observation after one hour. Choose one correct observation and explain your choice.

…………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

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1 (g)

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2.

A housewife made fruit pickles using unripe mango. During the preparation, she placed the mango slices in water and later placed them in sugar solution. When the mango slices were in the water, it was found that, the slices became turgid and their sizes increased. But when they placed in the sugar solution, the slices became soft and shrunken. Based on the above situation, plan a laboratory experiment to determine the concentration of sucrose which is isotonic to the cell sap the mango. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: •

Problem statement

•

Aim of investigation

•

Hypothesis

•

Variables

•

List of apparatus and materials

•

Technique used

•

Experimental procedure or method

•

Presentation of data

•

Conclusion

[17 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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1.5.2 TOPICAL QUESTIONS FORM 4 ( OBJECTIVE ) CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION 1. The following steps are involved in the preparation of a slide of the epidermal cell of an onion. P - A drop of water is placed on a glass slide. Q - Slide is observed under the microscope. R - A piece of scale leaf is removed from an onion. S - Staining with iodine solution. T - The scale leaf of the onion is placed on the glass slide.

2. Which of the folllowing sequence is correct in the preparation of the epidermal cell? A

R, P, T, S, Q.

B

R, Q, S, P, T.

C

R, S, Q, P, T.

D

Q, T, R, S, P.

3. Which of the following organelles can be found both in plant and animal cell? I II III IV

Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Centriole

A

I and IV only

B

I, II and III only

C

I, II and IV only

D

II, III and IV only

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4. The diagram shows the mesophyll cell of a leaf.

The parts labelled P, Q and R, are

A

P Chloroplast

Q Cell wall

R Vacuole

B

Nucleus

Cell wall

Vesicle

C

Chloroplast

Plasma

Cytoplasm

membrane D

Cell wall

Plasma

Nucleus

membrane

5. Which of the following activities will increase the loss of heat from the body? I

Sweating

II

Constriction of the blood vessels under the skin

III Urination IV Shivering A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

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6. The diagram shows the structure of a cell.

Which of the following structures are semipermeable membranes? A

K and L only

B

L and M only

C

M and N only

D

L and N only

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CHAPTER 3 : MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 7. The diagram shows a phospholipid molecule.

The tail end of the molecule allows easy passage of molecules that are A

hydrophobic.

B

hydrophyllic.

C

charged.

D

small.

8. Which of the following is correct regarding the transport of water and mineral ions in a root hair?

A

Mineral ions Active transport

Water Diffusion

B

Active transport

Osmosis

C

Facilitated

Osmosis

diffusion D

Active transport

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Facilitated diffusion

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9. The diagram shows a visking tubing filled with 30 % sucrose solution immersed in distilled water for 30 minutes.

10. What are the observations that can be made? I

Water goes into the visking tubing.

II

The visking tubing is turgid.

III The

visking

tubing

increases

weight. IV The visking tubing is flaccid. A

I and III only

B

I, III and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

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in

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11. A red blood cell and an onion cell were placed in solutions X and Y. After 20 minutes, the cells were observed under a microscope. The diagram shows the observation of the cells.

Solutions X and Y are

A

Solution X Hypotonic

Solution Y Hypertonic

B

Isotonic

Hypertonic

C

Isotonic

Hypotonic

D

Hypotonic

Isotonic

12. If fresh water Paramecium is placed in a hypotonic solution, the contractile vacuole will A

increase in size.

B

contract at a fast rate.

C

contract slowly.

D

excrete waste matter.

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CHAPTER 4 ( CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL ) 13. Which of the following are monosaccharides? I

Glucose

II

Fructose

III Galactose IV Sucrose A

I, II & III only

B

I & III only

C

II & IV only

D

I, II, III and IV

14. The diagram shows the effect of enzyme X on starch.

What is enzyme X and substrate Y?

A

Enzyme X Amylase

B

Amylase

Non-reducing sugar

C

Maltase

Reducing sugar

D

Maltase

Non-reducing sugar

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Substrate Y Reducing sugar

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15. Which of the following elements are most commonly found in organisms? I

Carbon

II

Hydrogen

III Oxygen IV Nitrogen A

I and II only

B

II and III only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

16. The graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of enzyme X.

Enzyme X is most active at A

10oC to 20oC

B

20oC to 30oC

C

30oC to 40oC

D

40oC to 50oC

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17. The diagram shows the proportion of organic compounds in a cell.

What does the region P and Q represent?

A

P Lipids

Q Nucleic acids

B

Nucleic acids

Lipids

C

Lipids

Carbohydrates

D

Nucleic acids

Carbohydrates

18. What will happen to an enzyme that is subjected to high temperatures? I

Chemical bonds within the enzyme molecule breaks.

II

The enzyme is denatured.

III The rate of enzyme action is low. IV The enzyme cannot function anymore. A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and IV only

D

I, II, and III only

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CHAPTER 5 : CELL DIVISION 19. A human ovum has 23 chromosomes. What is the chromosome number of a person's check cells? A

23 chromosomes

B

46 chromosomes

C

86 chromosomes

D

92 chromosomes

20 Meiosis occurs in I

anther.

II

stem.

III ovary. IV leaf.

A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

21 Mitosis is important in I

asexual reproduction.

repair and replacement of worn-out cells. III biodiversity. II

IV growth process. A

I and II only

B

I, II and IV only

C

II and IV only

D

I, II, III and IV

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22. The diagram shows chromosomes in a stage of meiosis.

The chromosomes are undergoing A

duplication.

B

replication.

C

synapsis.

D

crossing over.

23. The diagram shows fertilization between the male and female gametes.

Which of the following shows the correct chromosome condition in X, Y and Z?

A

X Haploid

Y Diploid

Z Diploid

B

Diploid

Diploid

Diploid

C

Diploid

Haploid

Haploid

D

Haploid

Haploid

Diploid

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24.

Figure 15

Two processes are shown in Figure 15. Which of the following statements explain the differences between process T and process V? A. B. C. D.

Crossing over takes place in process T but not in process V The process T occurs in reproductory organs while process V occurs in somatic cells Process T replaces damaged or dead cells while process V produces the male and female gametes The type of chromosomes the daughter cells receive is identical to that of parent cell in both the processes T and V

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CHAPTER 6 : NUTRITION 25. Which of the following enzymes are produced by the pancreas? I

Lipase

II

Amylase

III Trypsin IV Erepsin A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

26. Which of the following will give a red precipitate when heated with Benedict's solution? I

Sucrose

II

Glucose

III Fructose IV Maltose

A

I and III only

B

I, II and III only

C

II and IV only

D

II, III and IV

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27. Which of the following are limiting factors of photosynthesis? I

Atmospheric temperature.

II

Carbon dioxide concentration.

III Oxygen concentration. IV Light intensity.

28.

A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

II, III and IV only

D

I, II, III and IV

The diagram shows a part of the alimentary canal in man.

29. Which of the following parts secretes bile? A

P

B

Q

C

R

D

S

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30. What are the characteristics of the wall of the ileum that helps in the absoption of digested materials? I

Has villi.

II

Thin wall, about one-cell thick.

III Long. IV Thick and muscular. A

I and III only

B

I, II and III only

C

II, III and IV

D

I, II, III and IV

31. The table shows the observations made when food test is carried out on a food sample P. Test Million's Test Benedict's Test Sudan III Test DCPIP Test

Observation A brick red precipitate Blue mixture The upper layer is red Blue colour disappears

What are the contents in the food sample P? A

Protein, starch, vitamin C.

B

Reducing sugar, starch, protein.

C

Fats, protein, vitamin C.

D

Reducing sugar, fats, protein.

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CHAPTER 7 : RESPIRATION 32. What are the features of the human lung which facilitate gaseous exchange? I

Thin, moist alveolar walls.

II

Large number of alveoli.

III Highly vascularised alveoli. IV Delicate alveoli. A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

33. How are gills adapted for gaseous exchange? I

Large surface area

II

Have dark red colour

III Gill filaments have thin epithelium IV Highly vascularised gill filaments A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, III and IV only

34. When air enters the nose, it goes through the respiratory tract. Which of the following passage way is correct? A B C D

Bronchiole → bronchus → larynx → trachea → bronchus → trachea → larynx Bronchiole → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus Trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus Trachea

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35.

A student constructed a model to show the movement and actions of the different parts of the body during breathing. The model is shown in Figure 16. Which of the following represents M, N, O, and P?

B

M Intercostal muscle Back bone

C

Sternum

D

Sternum

A

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N Sternum

O Rib bone

P Back bone

Intercostal muscle Rib bone

Rib bone

Sternum

Intercostal muscle Rib bone

Back bone

Intercostal muscle

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Back bone

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36. The table shows the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

I II III IV

Aerobic Respiration 2 molecules of ATP produced Oxygen required Incomplete oxidation of glucose Occurs in the mithochondrion

Anaerobic Respiration 36 molecules of ATP produced Oxygen not required Complete oxidation of glucose Occurs in the cytoplasm

Which of the differences are true? A

I and III only

B

II And IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

II, III and IV only

37. This diagram is a model of the lungs.

Which of the following is true about the condition shown above? A

Air is drawn into the balloon.

B

The gas jar contracts to push the air out.

C

The volume of the balloon increases slowly.

D

The pressure in the gas jar is higher than the atmospheric pressure.

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CHAPTER 8 : DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

38. In the estimation of an animal population using the capture-recapture method, the accuracy depends on random mixing of marked animals. no tendency of marked animals to avoid or seek recapture. III no immigration into or emigration from the population. IV the time of recapture and marking.

I II

39.

A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV only

The diagram shows a food web

Which of the food chains transfer the most energy to human beings.

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40.

Which of the following are the biotic components of an ecosystem? I

Grass.

II

Light

III Insects IV Decomposers

41.

A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, III and IV only

D

I, II, III and IV

Which of the following is correct regarding succession in a pond?

A B C D

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Floating plants → submerged plants → terrestrial → emergent plants. plants → submerged plants → floating Emergent plants → terrestrial plants. plants Submerged plants → floating plants → emergent → terrestrial plants. plants → emergent plants → floating Submerged plants plants → terrestrial plants.

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42. Which of the following organisms can use free nitrogen? I

Azotobacter sp.

II

Nostoc sp.

III Rhizobium sp. IV Echerichia coli. A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

43. Which of the following plant will replace (succeed) the pioneer plant in a pond? A.

Amphibious plant

B.

Submerged plant

C.

Herbaceous plant

D.

Floating plant

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CHAPTER 9: ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM 44. The ozone layer of the stratosphere helps to A

absorb the ultra-violet rays transmitted by the sun.

B

absorb infra-red rays transmitted by the sun.

C

trap the green house gases.

D

trap ultra-violet rays so that it is not reflected.

45. The effect of eutrophication are I

temperature of the lake increases.

II

amount of oxygen in the pond decreases.

III the population of aquatic organisms increases. IV pH value of the pond changes. A

I and III only

B

II and IV only

C

I, II and IV only

D

I, II, III and IV

46. The table shows the time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise in three water samples. Water sample Time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise (hours) X 3 Y 2 Z Blue colour remains

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Which of the following may be the water samples X, Y and Z? X

Y

Z

A Drain water Lake water Piped water B Drain water Piped water Lake water C Pond water Drain water Piped water D Pond water Piped water Drain water

47. Which of the following is caused by acid rain? I

Death of wildlife

II

Change in pH of the soil

III Corrosion of metals IV Skin cancer A

I and III only

B

I, II and III only

C

II, III and IV only

D

I, II, III and IV

48. The pollutants from the exhaust of motor vehicles are I

lead.

II

carbon monoxide.

III carbon dioxide. IV sulphur dioxide. A

I and II only

B

III and IV only

C

I, II and III only

D

I, II, III and IV

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49. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a parameter used to measure A. B. C. D.

the level of water pollution the oxygen content required by all aquatic organisms the oxygen content released by all aquatic organisms the oxygen content dissolved in water as a result of an aerobic respiration

50. Control strategy and protection of the quality of the environment can be carried out by I implementing the environmental act II usage of modern technology to recycle waste products III usage of the mass media to create an awareness on the importance of protecting the environment IV controlling the migration of people from the rural area to the urban areas A. B. C. D.

I only I and III only II and IV only I, II and III only

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1.5.3 TOPICAL QUESTIONS FORM 5 ( OBJECTIVE ) CHAPTER 1 : TRANSPORT

1. The figure shows the cross section of the heart. The vein which carries oxygenated blood is

A

1

B

2

C

3

D

4

2. Which of the following sequence is correct regarding the flow of blood in the human heart? A

Right atrium

B

Left atrium

C

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

D

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Lungs

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Left ventricle Left ventricle

Lungs

Right ventricle

Right ventricle

64

Right atrium

Right atrium

Lungs.

Left atrium

Lungs.

Left atrium

left ventricle.

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3. What is the blood vessel that is labelled Y?

A

Pulmonary vein.

B

Pulmonary artery.

C

Posterior vena cava.

D

Aorta.

4. What is the characteristic of the guard cell that allows it to curve when it is turgid? A

Presence of a big vacuole.

B

Thickness of the cell wall that is not uniform. Presence of numerous chloroplasts inside it. Exists in pairs.

C D

5. What is the importance of opening up the stoma when there is a high light intensity? A Allows the diffusion of carbon dioxide into the leaf. B Permits more light to reach the palisade cells. C Provides an outlet for oxygen. D Allows the heat to radiate inwards.

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CHAPTER 2 : LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT 6. The figure below shows the fore-limb of the human body. What are the parts labelled P, Q, R and S?

A

P Scapula

Q Tendon

R Triceps muscle

S Radius

B

Scapula

Ligament

Biceps muscle

Radius

C

Ulna

Ligament

Biceps muscle

Humerus

D

Humerus

Tendon

Triceps muscle

Ulna

7. The figure below shows a vertebra in man. What is the function of X and Y?

A B C D

Protection of the spinal cord. Surface of muscle attachment. Surface for the attachment with the ribs. Surface for the attachment to the vertebra.

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8

The plant in the figure below is labelled from A to D. Which of the parts help the plant to float?

A

P

B

Q

C

R

D

S

9. The figure above shows a fish that has a part labelled X that is torn. This fish will face the problem of A

diving to the bottom of the pod.

B

braking when swimming.

C

reducing the resistance of water.

D

preventing rotation and tilting.

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10. What is the characteristic of the xylem vessel that is related to its function in giving support to the plant? A

Xylem vessel is a dead cell.

B

Xylem vessel is made up of a series of cells. The walls of the xylem vessels have lignin thickenings. The xylem cells are connected from end to end to form a continuous tube.

C D

11. The figure above shows a part of a joint. What is the characteristic and function of the part labelled Y?

A

B

C

D

Characteristic Connective tissue that is strong, tough and elastic. Muscle fibers are made up of spindle cells. Fibers that are atrong, non elastic and can be bent. Thin membrane that produces sinovial fliud.

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Function To hold two bones together. automatically contracts without nerve stimulus. Contract and expand to allow movement. Reduces the friction between two bones.

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CHAPTER 3 : COORDINATION AND RESPONSE 12. The layer of fatty substance which covers the nerve fiber is called the A

myelin sheath.

B

cell body.

C

plasma membrane.

D

nucleoprotein.

13. The part of the brain labelled Z controls the center which serves all of the following except A Cardiac inhibition. B Visual interpretation center. C Respiratory center. D Vaso contraction center.

14. Components of human blood plasma which enter the Bowman's capsule and form the glomerular filtrate are A

urea, mineral salts, water glucose, fibrinogen.

B

urea, mineral salts, water, glucose, amino acid.

C

albumen. urea, mineral salts, water, glocose, amino acid. urea, mineral salts, water, vitamin, amino acid, globulin.

D

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15 Homeostasis refers to A

the maintenance of a constant heart beat.

B

the dynamic processes occurring in the kidney.

C

the static unchanging environment factors.

D

the constancy of the internal environment of an organism.

16. The figure below shows the reaction of a plants to a stimulus. What is the reaction shown by the plants?

A

Thermonasty.

B

Thigmonasty.

C

Photonasty.

D

Seismonasty.

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CHAPTER 4 : REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

17. The figure below shows an animal cell undergoing division. Why is the cell in anaphase I and not anaphase II?

A

The centromere pulls the chromatid to opposite poles.

B

Each chromosome is made up of two chromatids that are joined by the centromere. The number of homologous chromosomes that gather at each pole is the same. Each pair of homologous chromosomes is separated and is moving towards opposite poles.

C D

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18. The diagram below shows the changes during the menstrual cycle in human beings.

The concentration of estrogen will rise and reach a maximum on day A

twenty-eight.

B

twenty.

C

fourteen.

D

twelve.

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19. The diagram below shows the male reproductive system. Spermatogenesis occurs in the part labelled

A

Q.

B

O.

C

S.

D

R.

20. What is gametogenesis? A

Formation of reproductive cells in the gonad.

B

Changes in the reproductive organs during puberty.

C

Division of cells through mitosis.

D

Release of ovum by the ovary.

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CHAPTER 5 : INHERITANCE 21. Which of the following is true of the differences between the genotype and the phenotype? Genotype Phenotype A The contents of the gene cannot Physical characteristics cannot be seen. be seen. influenced by genes. Not influenced by genes. B Contains dominant and recessive genes. Cannot be altered.

C D

P Q R S

-

Contains dominant gene only. Can be altered.

Weight Intelligance Ability to roll tongue Skin colour

22. P, Q, R and S are the characteristics that are inherent in man. Which of the following characteristics will be different for fraternal twins? A

P and Q only.

B

P and R only.

C

P, Q and R only.

D

P, Q, R and S.

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23. Mendel first crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant and planted the seeds from the result of this cross. The first filial generation of pea plant are

A

100% tall.

B

100% short.

C

50% tall and 50% short.

D

25% tall and 75% short.

24. The basic unit of a DNA molecule is A

glucose.

B

amino acid.

C

nucleotide.

D

fatty acid.

25. Which of the following carries information that can be inherited? A

Somatic cells.

B

Gamete cells.

C

Blood.

D

Nutrition.

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26. Which human blood group ABO genotype is homozygous recessive? A

IAIA.

B

IAIB.

C

IBIO.

D

IOIO.

27. Which of the following carries information that can be inherited? A

Somatic cells.

B

Gamete cells.

C

Blood.

D

Nutrition.

28. Which of the following correctly describes the human sex chromosomes? Male

Female

A

YY

XX

B

XX

XY

C

XY

XY

D

XY

XX

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CHAPTER 6 : VARIATION. 29. Which of the following is a continuous variation? A

Down syndrome.

B

Intelligence.

C

Blood type ABO.

D

Thumbprint.

30. The difference in characteristics between individuals of the same species is known as A

inheritance.

B

variation.

C

non-identical twins.

D

mutation.

31. Which of these statements is true about mutation? A

Mutation causes the chromosomes to multiply.

B

Mutation causes the genes to combine randomly.

C

Mutation is a sudden change in genetic materials.

D

Mutation involves a change in genetic material.

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32. Which of the following shows the variation of the height of students in a class of form 5 students? A

B

C

D

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P - Genetic factor Q - Environmental factor R - Gene mutation

33. Of the three factors listed above, which of them causes the difference in blood groups in humans? A

P only.

B

Q only.

C

R only.

D

P, Q and R.

34. A red-green colour blind man and normal colour vision wife have a daughter who is colour blind. What is the genotype of this child? (Cdominant allele for normal vision; c recessive allele for colourblindness) A

XC Y

B

Xc Y

C

XC XC

D

Xc Xc

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35. The table below shows the blood group of 4 students W, X, Y and Z. Anti-D is to determine Rh factor. Students Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D Control group W x x / x X / / / x Y x / / x Z x x x x Key : / : aggutinate x : does not aggutinate Which of these students has blood group AB with Rh factor? A

Student W.

B

Student X.

C

Student Y.

D

Student Z.

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1.5.4 Topical Question (PAPER 3 – SPM 2005) 1. Paper 3, question 1 (Nutrition) An experiment was carried out to determine and compare the energy content in white bread and peanuts. The mass of each food sample used was 5g The volume of distilled water was 20ml The density of water is 1gml-1 Figure 1 shows the set-up of the apparatus used in the experiment.

Thermometer

Boilling tube

Retort stand Distilled water

Food sample Neddle Plasticine

Figure 1 Figure 2 shows the initial water temperature for each food sample.

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Initial water temperature………………0C Figure 2 Table 1 shows the highest water temperature after each food sample is completely burnt. Water temperature / 0C

Food sample

White bread

Peanut

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(a)

(b)

(i)

Record the initial water temperature in the space provided in figure 2.

(ii)

Record the final temperature in the boxes provided in table 1. (3 marks)

(i)

State two different observation made from Table 1. 1.

……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………

2.

……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… (3 marks)

(ii)

State two inferences from the observation in (b) (i). 1.

……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………

2.

……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ( 3 marks)

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(c)

Complete Table 2 based on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables 1. Manipulated variable

Particulars to be implemented How to alter the manipulated variable ……………………………………………..…

……………………………………… ………………………………………………. ……………………………………… ……………………………………………......

2. Responding variable

How to determine the responding variable ………………………………………..…...

………………………………………… ………………………………………..… ………………………………………… ………………………………………..…… 3. Controlled variable

How to maintain the controlled variable ……………………………………….….…

………………………………………… …………………………………………..… ………………………………………… ………………………………………..……

( 6 marks )

(d)

State the hypothesis for this experiment. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… (3 marks )

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(e)

(i)

Construct a table to record the result of this experiment. Your table should contain the following titles:
Food sample
Increase in water temperature
Energy value Specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 Jg-1oC-1 Used the formula: Mass of Specific heat capacity Temperature water x of water x increase Energy value = ______________________________________________ Mass of food

(ii)

(3 marks) Based on the table in (e)(i), State the relationship between the food class and the energy value of each food sample.

……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… (3 marks ) (f)

Based on the result of the experiment, what can you deduce about the value. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… (3 marks )

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(g)

This Experiment was repeated using a cashew nut. Predict the observation and the energy value that will be obtained. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… (3 marks )

(h)

The picture shows various types of food samples. Margarine, rice, palm oil, boiled potato, cashew nut and maize. Classify the food samples into two food classes in Table 3, based on the energy value that is equivalent to that of while bread or peanut.

Food samples with equivalent energy value as white bread

peanut

Table 3 (3 marks)

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2. Paper 3, question 1 ( Nutrition) An experiment was performed to investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. The figure shows an experiment set up to collect oxygen gas which is released during the process of photosynthesis.

Figure 1 The distance between the light source and Hydrilla sp. is keep constant at 10cm. 5 other set of apparatus with different temperatures of 10oC, 20 oC, 30 oC, 35 oC dan 45 oC are also set up. The initial water levels are at 0cm. After 5 minutes, the volume of the oxygen collected in each measuring cylinder are observed and recorded.

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The results for each apparatus set up shown are in the diagrams below. Temperature ( oC)

Final level of water

10 oC

20 oC

30 oC

35 oC

45 oC

Table 1

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Volume of oxygen collected / cm3

Rate of photosynthesis (cm3 /min)

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a) Record the volume of oxygen collected and calculate the rate of photosynthesis in table 1.

For Examiner’s use

1(a)

[3 marks] b) (i) States two observation that can be made in this experiment . 1 ……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

1(b) (i)

2 ……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

(ii) What are the inferences that can be made based on your observation in (b)(i). 1 : …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 2 : …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

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1(b) (ii)

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For Examiner’s Use

(c) Complete Table 2 based on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables

Particulars to be implemented

Manipulated variable

How to alter the manipulated variable …………………………………………..

………………………………. ………………………………………….. ………………………………. Responding variable

…………………………………………. How to determine the responding variable

……………………………….

…………………………………………..

……………………………….

…………………………………………..

Controlled variable

………………………………………….. How to maintain the controlled variable

……………………………….

…………………………………………..

……………………………….

………………………………………….. …………………………………………… 1(c) Table 2 [3 marks]

d)

State the hypothesis for this experiment. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. 1(d) ……………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

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(e) (i) From Table 1, draw the graph the rate of photosynthesis against the temperature.

For Examiner’s Use

1(e) (i) [3 marks]

(ii) Base on the graph (e)(i), explain the relationship between the temperature and the rate of photosynthesis. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….

1(e) (ii)

……………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(f)

The experiment was repeated using a lower concentration of the carbon dioxide compare in this experiment.. Predict the volume of oxygen released in the same duration. Explain your answer. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

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1 (f)

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(g) State the relationship between the volume of oxygen collected and the duration of the experiment.

For Examiner’s Use

…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

1 (g)

…………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] (h) Based on the result of the experiment, state the operational definition of photosynthesis. …………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

1 (h)

……………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(i)

Another group of students carried out the experiment to determine the rate of photosynthesis but were provided with the following: Sodium bicarbonate solution Stop watch

Elodea sp.

thermometer

Filter funnel

Distilled water

Bulb

Plasticine

Classify all the lists above in table 2, based on the their functions in the experiment. Thermometer

Distilled water

1 (i)

Total

[3 marks]

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3. Question 1 Paper 3 :MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE An experiment was carried out to determine the concentration of solution that is isotonic to the potato cell. Four strips of potato were placed on a graph paper to measure their lengths. All the potato strips were wiped with tissue paper before being soaked in four Petri dishes containing solutions of different concentrations. Each Petri dish contained one potato strip. After being soaked for an our, each potato strip was removed, wiped and its final length measured. The result are shown in Figure 1. Strip 1 is the potato strip before soaking. Strip 2 is the potato strip after being soaked.

Figure 1 Table 1, shows the result of all the strips before experiment and after experiment. Solution

Length of potato strip (mm) Strip 1 Strip 2

Distilled water 17% sucrose solution 20% sucrose solution 25% sucrose solution Table 1

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Percentage change in length (%)

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a) Measure the length of all the strips and record them in Table 1. Calculate the percentage change in length.

For Examiner’s use

1(a)

[3 marks]

b) (i) States two observation that can be made in this experiment . 1 …………………………………………………………………… 1(b) (i) …………………………………………………………………… 2 ……………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

(ii) What are the inferences that can be made based on your observation in (b)(i). 1 : …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… 1(b) (ii) 2 : …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… [3 markah]

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For Examiner’s Use

(c) Complete Table 2 based on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables

Particulars to be implemented

Manipulated variable

How to alter the manipulated variable …………………………………………..

………………………………. ………………………………………….. ………………………………. Responding variable

…………………………………………. How to determine the responding variable

……………………………….

…………………………………………..

……………………………….

…………………………………………..

Controlled variable

………………………………………….. How to maintain the controlled variable

……………………………….

…………………………………………..

……………………………….

………………………………………….. …………………………………………… 1(c) Table 2 [3 marks]

d)

State the hypothesis for this experiment. …………………………………………………………………………….. .…………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

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1(d)

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(e) (i) From Table 1, draw the graph of the percentage change in length against the concentration of sucrose solution.

For Examiner’s Use

[3 marks]

1(e) (i)

(ii) Base on the graph (e)(i), explain the relationship between the percentage change in length and the of sucrose solution. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….

1(e) (ii)

……………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(f)

The experiment was repeated using a 35% sucrose solution. Predict the length of a fresh potato strip of 50mm, that was soaked in the sucrose solution for one our. Explain your answer. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

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1 (f)

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(g) State the relationship between the condition of the potato and the duration it was soaked.

For Examiner’s Use

…………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

1 (g)

[3 marks]

(h) Based on the result of the experiment, state the operational definition of osmosis. …………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………..

1 (h)

……………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(i)

If an experiment is carried out using distilled water, 0.1M glucose solution, 0.3 M salt solution, filter paper, cork borer, Visking tubing and petri dish, classify the materials and apparatus based on their functions in the experiment.

1 (i)

[3 marks]

Total

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Paper 3 : Question 2 ( Endangered Ecosystem)

Figure 2 Figure 2, show an oil palm estate. An oil palm estate is identified as a habitat for owls and rats. The manager of oil palm estate plans to use biology control to control the population size of rats which are damaging the oil palm in the estate. Based on ecological studies, design an experiment to investigate to estimate the size of the rats population between the area of estate. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: ●

Statement of identified problem

●

Objective of study

●

Variables

●

Statement of hypothesis

●

List of materials and apperatus

●

Technique used

●

Experimental procedure

●

Presentation of data

●

Conclusion ( 17 marks )

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Paper 3 : Question 2 ( Chemical Composition in the Cell) Enzyme help us in our daily life. It usually used in industrial field. Like amylase enzyme, it usually used in detergent industrial and it help housewife to easy watch cloths. Use the information given to design an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on amylase enzyme on starch reaction. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: ●

Statement of identified problem

●

Objective of study

●

Variables

●

Statement of hypothesis

●

List of materials and apperatus

●

Technique used

●

Experimental procedure

●

Presentation of data

●

Conclusion ( 17 marks )

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MARKING SCHEME 1.6.1 MARKING SCHEME SPM 2006 PAPER 2 No. 1 (a)(i)

(ii)

(b)

Markaing Criteria Able to label the structures P, Q, R, S P - Chloroplast Q - Nucleus R - Vacuole G - Golgy apparatus/ body

Marks 1 1 1 1

4

Able to state the function of the structures P and R Sample answer P - Absorbs light energy (to carry out photosynthesis) R - Separates/ Converts protein/ enzyme from (rough) endoplasmic reticulum - Enclose the secretion content in vesicles - Secrete/ transport protein / enzyme out of cell - complete the synthesis of lipid/ protein/ carbohydrate (Any one)

1

1

2

Able to explain the role of R to maintain cell turgidity F P

1 1

2

1

1

Sample answer F : Cell sap contain water and osmotic substances/ soluble substances/ glucose/ salt P1: Caused osmosis/ water diffusion into the cell P2: maintain/ control osmotic pressure in the cell

(c) (i)

Able to name technique used to produce new plants in large quantities Sample answer Tissue culture (Accept clonning)

(ii)

Able to name the part of the plant used

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1

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Sample answer P1: Shoot/ Root/ Lateral buds/ Leaf/ Branch/ Petiole (Accept meristem tissue) Able to explain the technique used to produce new organism (tissue culture)

1x3

4

Sample answer P2: (Shoot/ Root/ Lateral buds/ Leaf/ Branch/ Petiole) is washed and treated with sterilising agent/ bleach/ hydrogen peroxide P3: (Tissue/ explant is cultured in nutrient medium (sterile), suitable temperature and pH value P4: Cell divide by mitosis to form callus/ a group of tissue P5: Callus differentiates to form root and shoot/ seedling/ clone ( Any three from P2-P5) 13 2 (a)(i)

(ii) (iii)

Able to name structure Q Ileum

1

1

Able to name the enzyme which digests fat in Q Lipase Able to draw correct figures in space III and space IV

1

1

1+1

2

Sample answer

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(b)(i)

Able to explain how starch is digested in the duodenum

1+1

2

1+1

2

Sample answer P1: Pancreas secretes amylase enzyme into duodenum P2: Amylase digest/ hydrolyse starch to maltose (ii)

Able to explain the effect of eating too many oranges on the digestion of starch in the duodenum Sample answer F1: Oranges contain much acid/ acidic P1: Reduces the pH value less than 7/ Increase acidity in the duodenum or F2: Acid medium is less suitable for amylase action P2: Less starch is digested (Both F and P must compliment)

(c)

L1: Able to relate the size of meat pieces and size of strips of papaya with total surface area (TSA) for enzyme action L2: Able to explain the necessity to immerse in water at 40˚C

1x3 1

4

Sample answer L1: P1: papaya contain papain/ protease enzyme P2: meat pieces and strips of papaya increase TSA P3: to increase enzyme action (in papaya) P4: to tender/ soften the meat (Any three P1-P4) L2: P5: 40˚C is an optimal temperature for enzyme action 12

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3 (a)(i)

(ii)

(b)(i)

(ii)

(c)

Able to name structure X Spinal cord

1

1

Able to state function X Control reflex action/ send impulse to the brain

1

1

Able to state why Y is swollen The place where the cell bodies of sensory neurones are found

1

1

Able to draw all three neurones at the correct position

1

Able to draw the direction of impulse correctly

1

2

1+1

2

1x2

2

Able to make two comparisons between the structure of sensory neurone and motor neurone Refer page 116

(d)

Able to explain the effect on the organ Sample answer F: The organ unable to respond P: The impulse able to flow to spinal cord from the receptor/ brain but cannot flow to the effector/ the organ

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(e)

Able to explain how Ali's reflex action acts to avoid injury

3

P1: The ceptor at the finger detects the heat and release the impulse P2: The impulse is sent to spinal cord/ interneurone through the sensory neurone P3: The sensory neurone synapse with the interneurone// the impulse is transferred through synapse P4: Motor neurone send the impulse to the effector which contracts and jerks the hand (Any three) 12

4 (a)

Able to name structure P, Q, R and S

1x4

4

P: Pollen tube Q: Male gamete/ male nucleus R: Ovary S: Embryo sac/ Megaspore (b)(i)

(ii)

Able to draw the cells and show the positions of 8 nucleus correctly

1

Able to label polar cells and egg cell correctly

1+1

3

Able to describe the significance of having two Q structures in the fertilization

1+1

2

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Sample answer P1: One Q/ male nucleus fertilizes an egg cell to form the diploid zygote P2: One Q/ male nucleus fuses with/ fertilizers 2 polar nuclei to form The zygote triploid/ endosperm (c)(i)

Able to explain how Y can be prevented form germinating F: Stating the method to prevent Y from germinating P: Giving biological explanation of the method

1 1

2

1

1

Sample answer F: Keep Y in dry place// very low temperature P: Moisture initiate germination// enzyme inactive in low temperature (ii)

Able to suggest a method to stimulate the germination of Y Sample answer Dropping/ Spraying sucrose/ sugary solution onto Y

12

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5 (a)

Able to explain the charges of DNA during Stage I

1+1

2

1+1

2

1

1

1x3

3

Sample answer P1: Double helix of DNA open/ separate P2: RNA strand is produced (b)(i)

Able to state two differences between the molecular structure of polypeptide and DNA Sample answer P1: The polypeptide consist of amino acid while DNA consist of nucleotide units P2: The polypeptide is in the form of a single chain but DNA is a double strand P3: The polypeptide is a linear chain while DNA is a helix strand (Any two)

(ii)

Able to differentiate between the structure of DNA and RNA Sample answer P1: DNA consists of two nucleotide chains while RNA consists of single nucleotide chain P2: DNA is a long chain while RNA is a short chain P3: DNA is a helix strand while RNA is a linear chain (Any one)

(c)

Able to explain the synthesis of extra cellular enzyme from protein at the ribosome Sample answer P1: Protein enter rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) P2: Modified in RER into extracellular enzyme P3: Carried to the Golgy apparatus by transporting vesicle P4: Packed in the Golgy apparatus in a form of secretion vesicle for excretion (Any three)

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(d)

Able to explain the effect of mutation on the trait Sample answer P1: Mutation change the genetic information in gene/ DNA P2: cause the glutamic acid is replaced by valine in the polypeptide chain P3: The properties of polypeptide/ protein changes P4: Different enzyme/ protein is produced P5: The trait shows a defect (Any three)

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1x3

3

11

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6 (a) (i)

F: Able to state the type of nutrition in organisms P and Q

1+1

P: Able to explain each type of nutrition correctly

1+1

4

Sample answer Organism P F1- Autotroph nutrition/ by photosynthesis P1- Synthesis/ produce its own food/ glucose/ starch Organism Q F2: Heterotroph nutrition// Holozoik P2: Obtain its food source/ organic substances from surrounding// Producer (ii)

Able to state one similarity Explanation

1 1

Sample answer F1- alimentary canal of both Q and R contains bacteria/ protozoa P1- To digest cellulose into glucose F2- Large surface area P2- increase the rate of diffusion/ absorption F3- Secretes extracellular enzymes P3- hydrolyse large food molecules (Both F and P must compliment) Able to state four differences Explanation

1x4 1x4

Sample answer Refer to page 116

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10

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(b)

Able to state the cause of each health problems

1x3

Able to suggest ways to overcome each health problem for the aspect of nutrition

1x3

6

Sample answer 1 Constipation - Insufficient amount of fibrous food - Eat more vegetables/ fruits 2 Night blindness - No/ Insufficient vitamin A - Eat more red carrots/ tomatoes 3 Anemia - Insufficient iron/ ferum nutrient - Eat more spinach/ chicken liver 7 (a)

Able to explain the structure of plasma membrane that gives it a characteristic of fluidity Sample answer P1 - Consists of two layers of lipid (phospholipids) P2 - The heads are hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic P3 - allow the phospholipids molecules to form a layer P4 - Form a membrane that is dynamic/ not static// P5 - Various types of protein molecules are inserted within the two l layers of lipids P6 - Not easily broken (Any four)

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20 1x4

4

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(b)(i)

Able to explain how substance R moves across the plasma membrane

1X6

6

Sample answer P1 - Relationship between the variables in the graph As the concentration of substance R increases, the rate of its movement across the membrane increases P2 - Type of movement Substance R moves across the plasma membrane by simple diffusion/ osmosis P3 - Way through the plasma membrane Substance R dissolved in the plasma membrane and crosses it P4 - Concentration gradient The movement of substance R follows the concentration gradient P5 - Characteristic of substance R Substance R is soluble in lipids/ has a small size

P6 - Example of substance R Fatty acid/ Glycerol/ Vitamin A/D/E/K// Dissolved gas such as oxygen and carbon dioxide// water molecule (ii)

Able to state the comparison and explain the characteristic of the movement of substances R and S across the plasma membrane

10

F1: Both substances move as the concentration gradient P1: Graph 7.1 and Graph 7.2 / Both graph show positive gradient

1 1

F2: For Graph 7.2, the graph flattens after the concentration of 10 units P2: Substance R requires protein carrier

1 1

F3: Whereas for Graph 7.1, the graph continues as straight line P3: Substance R do not require protein carrier

1 1

F4: The size of Substance R is small P4: Able to cross the lipids layer of the plasma membrane

1 1

F5: The size of substance S is big P5: Need the help of protein carrier

1 1

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F6: Substance R moved by simple diffusion whereas substance S moved by facilitated diffusion

1

Maximum: 10 marks 8 (a)

20

Able to state the meaning of photosynthesis correctly

1+1

2

Sample answer A process whereby a green plant F1 - Produces glucose/ starch from carbon dioxide and water P2 - in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight (b)

Able to explain completely the formation of starch in green plants P1 - Chlorophyll absorbs/ traps light energy to produce ATP/ electrons P2 - Photolysis of water produce H ions and OH ions P3 - H ion combine with electron to form hydrogen atom P4 - Hydrogen and ATP will be used in the dark reaction P5 - occurs in grana (maximum 4 marks)

P6 - The process take place in the absence of light P7 - CO2 combines with hydrogen to form glucose P8 - Glucose molecules undergo condensation/ converted/ store as starch P9 - Formation of glucose and starch is through a series of chemical reaction P10 - occurs in stroma (maximum 4 marks)

(c)

8

F1 - Able to state the importance of photosynthesis for the balance of nature correctly Sample answer P1 - Absorbs CO2 from atmosphere P2 - Replaces oxygen in the atmosphere P3 - help maintaining percentage of CO2 /O2 in the atmosphere (Any two)

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111

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F2 - Able to state the sources of pollution Sample answer P4 - Motor vehicles/ burning of fossil fuel/ forest burning P5 - Urbanisation/ quarry/ smoke from factories

2

F3 - Able to explain the sources of pollution Sample answer P6 - Liberate heavy smoke/ acidic gas/ nitrogen dioxide P7 - Increases particles content in the air/

2

F4 - Able to state the effect of (air) pollution correctly Sample answer P8 - Particles accumulate on the leaf surface/ covers the stomata P9 - reduces CO2 and O2 exchanges P10- form heavy/ thick smog in the air P11- Cuts/ Reduces light intensity that reached the leaves (Any two)

2

F5 - Able to rationalize/ justify the problem of pollution on the rate of photosynthesis on the balance of nature Sample answer P12- Rate of photosynthesis decreases P13- Less CO2 is absorbed from atmosphere and less O2 is released P14- Facilities/ promotes green house effect/ global warming/ acid rain (Any two)

2

10 20

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9 (a)

Able to explain both the statements to justify that lymphatic system is a complementary to the blood circulatory system

1x9

Able to list 7 explanation by sequence and systematic

1

10

Sample answer P1 - Some of the plasma content are filtered/ diffused out into the interstitial spaces of the body cells P2 - because of the high hydrostatic pressure in the blood capillaries P3 - to form interstitial fluid P4 - Content of interstitial fluid are nutrients, oxygen etc except erythrocyte and protein plasma P5 - Some/ 90% of the interstitial fluid re-enter blood circulation at the end of the venule P6 - Others/ 10% diffused into lymphatic vessels P7 - to form lymph P8 - Which is transport in the lymphatic system/ lymphatic vessel, thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct P9 - In ileum, fatty acids and glycerol/ fat/ fat soluble vitamins diffuse into lacteal/ lymphatic vessel of villus P10-transported by lymphatic system into the blood circulatory P11-via subclavian vein (Maximum 9 marks) (b)

Able to state the physical features of multicellular organism Sample answer P1 - Big size/ the ratio TSA/V is small P2 - Rate of diffusion of substances into/ out of all body cells is low P3 - Cells in the inner part of the body are not in direct contact with the surrounding (P2 and P1/ P3)

2

Able to state the physical features of unicellular organism Sample answer P4 - Small size/ the ratio TSA/V is big P5 - Exchange of substances between organism and the surrounding occurs easily P6 - Body cell is directly in contact with surroundings (P5 and P4/ P6)

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2

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Able to compare the physical features of multicellular/ unicellular organism with respiration/ nutrition/ excretion processes Sample answer Respiration process Multicellular organism P7 - Needs specific gas exchange organ/ lungs to exchange O2 for CO2 P8 - Needs transport system to get the respiratory gases in and out of tissues Unicellular organism P9 - No specific gas exchange organ P10- CO2 and O2 can directly diffuse through plasma membrane (Any three of P7-P10)

3

Nutrition process Multicellular organism P11-Needs digestive system to transport food from surrounding into the body to digest and absorb P12-Digested food are then transported to the body cells through blood and lymphatic system

Max 7

Unicellular organism P13-Does not need digestive system because food is directly taken in through cell membrane from surrounding/ by phagocytosis P14-Digested by intracellular enzyme in food vacuole (Any three of P11-P14) Excretin process Multicellular organism P15-Needs transport system to take excretory waste/ urea from the tissues to the kidney/ excretory organ P16-Excretory waste/ urine/ sweat is taken out of the kidney/ liver/ excretory organs

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3

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Unicellular organism P17-Does not need transport system because excretory waste are directly eliminated from body cells to surrounding through the cell membrane P18-Excretory waste are kept in the contractile vacuole (Any three of P15-P18) 20

END OF MARKING SCHEME

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3. (c) Sensory neuron Motor neuron P1 – Both neurons have myelin sheath, axon, cell body and dendrite P2 – Long dendrone// short axon - Short dendrone// long axon P3 – Cell body at the side of the cell

- Cell body at the end of the cell

7. (a) (ii) Fact F1- R: Four stomach chambers Q: One stomach chamber F2- R: Has small/ short caecum Q: Has large/ long caecum F3- R: The bacteria are in the rumen/ reticulum Q: The bacteria are in the caecum F4- R: The food that have been swallowed for the first time are returned to the mouth and then re-swallowed for second time. Q: The first faeces are re-eaten for absorption

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Mark 1

1

Explanation P1 – Part of the stomach are used for cellulose digestion P2 – Place where the bacteria digest cellulose P3 – The bacteria secretes cellulase enzyme

1

P4 – to complete the digestion/ absorption of food/ glucose

1

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Mark 1 1

1

1

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1.6.2 MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY PAPER 3 SPM 2006 Question1 1 (a) (i) [KB0601 - Observing] Skor Kriteria Able to state two the correct observations based on the following criteria : K1 - Quantity / concentration / albumen in the boiling tube K2 – The time taken for the albumen to turn clear in any concentration 3

Sample Answer: 1. Albumen suspension which is cloudy at concenrtation10% / 15% / 20% turns clear after 7/10/12.5 minutes respectively. 2. The 10% Albumen suspension took the shorter than time for the cloudiness to change compare to 20% albumen suspension. Able to state any one observation correctly and any one observation less accurate or state any two observation less accurate.

2

Sample Answer: 1. The 10% albumen suspension take short / less time. 2. The 10% / 20% albumen suspension, time taken for cloudiness is 7 / 12.5 min 3. The less albumen take shorter than time compare more albumen. Able to state any one observation correctly or less accurate with any one criteria or two ideas only.

1

Example Answer: 1. High concentration / concentrated of albumen take long time. 2. The 10% / 20% albumen suspension for turns cloudy is 7 / 12.5 min.

No response or wrong response. ** Reject hypothesis statement or rate of reaction 0

Example Answer : 1. The higher the concentration of albumen suspension, the longer the time. Score summary Score Observation 1 3 √ 2 √ √ 1 Idea L.A 0 Idea

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Observation 2 √ Idea / reverse X / reverse Idea X X

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1 (a) (ii) [KB0604 – Making inference] Score

Criteria Able to state two inferences for each observation made correctly and accurately for each observation and equivalent in 1(a)(i). Sample Answer: Inference 1: 1. Albumen / Substrate is hydrolysed / digested by enzyme / pepsin // Enzyme / pepsin react with albumen to form peptone / polypeptide

3 Inference 2: 1. More number of albumen / substrate molecules // 10% albumen hydrolysed faster. ***
Inference must equivalent with observation.
If observation wrong, inference can’t get mark (reject)
If observation only idea, inference may be can get mark if correct. Able to state any one inference made correctly and one less accurately or two inferences less accurately based on the observation. 2

Sample answer: 1. Albumen / substrate are digested / hydrolysed 2. Less albumen / less concentration // 10% albumen are hydrolysed faster. 3. Rate of reaction for 10% albumen / 7 min is lower than compare to 20% albumen / 12.5 min Able to state any one inference correctly or two inferences on idea only.

1

0

Sample Answer: 1. Albumen turns into clear ( fast / slow) 2. Rate of reaction for 10% albumen suspension is low

No response or wrong response. ** Reject hypothesis statement The higher the concentration of albumen the longer time taken turns clear. Scoring: Score Inference 1 Inference 2 3 √ √ 2 √ Less Accurate (L.A) L.A L.A 1 Idea Idea 0 Idea X

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(b) KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers Score

3

2 1

Criteria

Able to record all the three times correctly . Sample Answer: Percentage Time taken / min 10 % 7 15 % 10 20 % 12.5 Able to record any two times correctly . Able to record any one times correctly. No response or wrong respons

0

1 (c) (i) [KB0610 – Controlling Variables] Score

3

Criteria Able to state the three variables (all P)in this experiment and state three (all K) ways of controlling the variables correctly. Sample Answer : Able to state method to handle variable correctly Variables Manipulated variable(P1): K1: Used different concentration of / Change the concentration albumen Concentration of albumen / substrate Responding variable (P2): K2 Record the time using stop watch / Measure Time (taken for albumen to time using stop watch / Calculate The rate turn clear) // Rate of reaction reaction of enzyme using formula of enzyme / pepsin. concentration of albumen divided by time. Constant variable (P3): Temperature ( water bath / enzyme/pepsin) // Volume of enzyme // Concentration of enzyme // Volume of albumen // pH value

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K3 Fix the temperature of water bath / enzyme at 37oC // Fix the volume of enzyme / pepsin 1ml // Fix the concentration of enzyme at 1% Fix the pH value at 2

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Able to state 4-5 P and K correctly. 2 1 0


Reject way how to control variable if variable is wrong. Able to state 2-3 P and K correctly

No response or only one criteria correct.

1(c) (ii) [KB0602 – Clyssifying] Able to match the apparatus and materials used to obtain data for the three variables correctly. Sample Answer:

3

2

1 0

K1

Variable Manipulated

Apparatus Syringe

Material Albumen suspension

K2

Responding

Stop watch

Albumen suspension

K3

Controlled

Thermometer / syringe

Water bath / pepsin Pepsin

Able to match the apparatus and material for any two variables correctly

Able to match the apparatus and material for any one variable correctly No response or wrong response

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1 (d) [KB0611 – Making Hypothesis] Score

Criteria Able to make a statement of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable correctly and accurately. Criteria set: K1 : Stating manipulated variable. K2 : Stating responding variable H : Showing a specific relationship/ showing direction of relationship

3

Sample Answer : 1. The higher / lower concentration of albumen suspension, the longer / shorter time taken for reaction of enzyme. 2. The higher the concentration of albumen suspension, the longer the time taken pepsin / enzyme to hydrolyze the albumen 3. The higher the concentration of albumen, the longer time taken albumen turns to clear Able to make the hypothesis but less accurate

2

Sample Answer: 1. Different concentration of albumen suspension causes different time for the albumen suspension to turn clear.

Able to state the idea of the hypothesis. 1

0

Sample Answer : 1. Concentration affects the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn clear.

No response or wrong response

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1 (e) (i) [KB0606 – Communication] Score

Criteria Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment with the following criteria: T : State all the three aspect with units correctly D : Transfer all data for concentration of albumen suspension and time K : Calculate all values for rate of reaction correctly

3

2 1 0

Sample answer : Percentage Rate of reaction / %/min // concentration of Time / min Percentage concentration of albumen suspension albumen per minutes 10% 7 1.43 15% 10 1.5 20% 12.5 1.6 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria: Able to construct the idea of a table and record any one criteria:

No response or wrong response.

1 (e) (ii) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data] Score

Criteria Able to draw a graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension which satisfies the following criteria:

3

Axes (P) : Both axes are labeled and uniform scales, manipulated variable on horizontal axis and with unit correctly Points (T) : All points correctly plotted Shape (B) : All points are connected smoothly Graph which satisfies any two criteria.

2 Graph which satisfies any one criteria. 1 0

No response or wrong response.

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1 (e)(iii) [KB0612 – Relationship between space and time] Skor

Kriteria Able to explain the relationship between the rate of reaction and the concentration of albumen suspension following criteria:

3

C1 : State relationship between the rate of reaction of pepsin and concentration of albumen. C2 : State the number of substrate / albumen molecules increase C3 : State more / increase collisions between enzyme molecules and substrate molecules. Sample Answer: 1. When the concentration of albumen suspension increases, the rate of reaction of pepsin / enzyme increases. 2. Because increases in number of substrate / albumen 3. Cause more / increases collisions enzyme molecules with albumen / substrate molecules

2 1

0

Able to state any two criteria. Able to state any one criteria

No response or wrong response.

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1 (f) [KB0609 –Defining by Operation ] Score

Criteria Able to state the definition of enzyme operationally, complete and (correct), based on the following criteria:

3

K1 : The function of enzyme / pepsin hydrolyses / digest on albumen / protein K2 : The effect on albumen / protein turns to clear K3 : The factor that effects the rate of enzyme reaction // statement that shows relationship between concentration of albumen / protein and rate of reaction on enzyme Sample Answer: Albumen suspension digested / hydrolyzed by pepsin (K1) that turns from cloudy to clear (K2) and the rate of reaction of enzyme is affected by the concentration of the albumen (K3).

2 1 0

Able to state any two criteria Able to state any one criteria No response or wrong response

1 (g) [KB0605 – Predecting] Score

Criteria

Able to predict correctly and explain the prediction based on the following criteria:

3

K1 : Boiling tube S/R K2 : State the substrate / albumen remains cloudy K3 : Enzyme / pepsin is denatured / destroyed // change in active base Sample answer: Boiling tube S / R (K1) , albumen suspension remains cloudy / same (K2) because enzyme/ pepsin is denatured (K3)

2 1 0

Able to state any two criteria. Able to state any one criteria. No response or wrong response. SCORE TOTAL - 11 X 3 = 33 marks

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2. Aim Of Study: To study the concentration of sucrose which is isotonic to mango tissue.

KB061201 – ( KB061203 – Statement of Identified Problem) Score

3

Criteria Able to give a statement of identified problem completely and correctly : C1 : Manipulated Variable ( concentration of sucrose solution) C2 : Responding variable ( mass / length / size ) R : Question form and have relationship ( not change in mass / size / mass) Sample Answer : 1. What is the concentration of sucrose which is not change in size / mass / length of mango tissue? 2. What is affect of deferent concentration of sucrose solution on mass of mango tissue? 3. Is 5% sucrose solution remain unchanged in mass / size / length of mango tissue?

# Without question mark (?) – score 2 Able to state problem statement but slightly incorrect . 2

Sample Answer: 1. What is sucrose solution which is remain mass of mango tissue? 2. Is sucrose solution influence mass of mango tissue? Able to state idea only.

1

0

Sample Answer: The size of mango strip remain unchanged in the isotonic sugar solution. No response or wrong response

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KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis ) Score

Criteria Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. Criteria set: P1 : States the manipulated variable P2 : States the responding variable H : Show the specific relationship and direction between the manipulated variable and the responding variable.

3 Answer must have P1, P2 and H Sample Answer : 1. The mass of mango strip is unchanged when the strips are put into 5% sucrose solution. 2. The higher the concentration of sucrose solution the higher / less mass / length / size of mango strips. Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. Answer must have P1 and P2 but without relationship

2

Sample Answer : 1. The mass of the mango strip is unchanged when the strips are put into the sucrose solution . 2. Different concentration of sucrose solution will effect on mass of mango strips. 3. 5% sucrose solution remain turgidity of mango. 4. The sucrose solution that is isotonic to cell sap will remains turgidity of mango cell sap Able to state an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Answer must have P1 or P2 .

1

0

Sample Answer: 1. The mass of the mango strips decreases when the strip are put into the sugar solution of higher concentration. 2. 5% sucrose solution is isotonic to cell sap. No response or wrong response

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KB061203 – Planning Investigation ( KB061203-Controlling variable ) Score

Criteria Able to state three variables: Manipulated variable: Concentration of sucrose solution. Responding variable :Changes in length / mass / size of mango tissue Controlled variable: Type of mango // inertial mass / length / size of mango Tissue // volume of sucrose // temperature of solution // time to soak

KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation) Score

Criteria Scoring Criteria: Able to state 7-9 planning investigation of experiment following: • Problem statement (PS) – idea •

Aim of investigation / Objective (Ob) – Relation between C1 and C2

•

Statement of hypothesis (HP) – idea

•

States variables – (Vb)

•

List of materials and apparatus (AP)

•

Technique (Tq) – Correctly and accurately (Bonus 1) = 1 mark Sample Answer: Measure / recorded mass / length / size of mango tissue using level balance / ruler

•

Procedure / Method of investigation (PD)– must have at least one criteria either C1 @ C2 @ C3 @ C4 @ C5

•

Data presentation // presentation of result (DP) – Have table with title and unit correctly ( different concentration of sucrose solution at least three)

3

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Sample Answer : Concentration of sucrose solution / %

Initial Mass Final mass of Strip / g of Strip / g

Difference in mass of strip / g

2 4 6 8 10 Second Bonus : 1 mark •

Conclusion (CS) – Must same with hypothesis, If hypothesis is wrong, reject hypothesis.

*** Hypothesis accepted. ( reject) 2 1 0

Scoring Criteria : State 4 - 6 items Scoring Criteria: State 1 - 3 items No response or wrong response

KB061204 ( KB061203-Method / procedure of investigation) Score

3

Criteria Able to state five criteria C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 : Criteria : C1 : Technique of assembling the apparatus and materials to carry out the experiment: M1 : Preparing the Petri dishes / Label five petri dishes and E. M2 : Cut each the mango tissue / strip M3 : Put each mango strip into Petri dish M4 : Take out / remove mango strip M5 : Plot the graph Remark : Able to state three step to get C1

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C2 : Technique of fixing the constant variable: i) Use same of volume / sucrose solution / mango tissue ii) Inertial length / length of 40mm iii) Time taken to soak Remark :Should state the value used any one to get C2 C3 : Technique of changing the manipulated variable i) State at least three different concentration of sucrose solution and state the value C4 : Technique of measuring the responding variables. i) ii) iii)

Measure / record inertial mass / length Measure / mark final mass/ length Record / write in the table

Remark : Should state three step C5 : Technique of taking precautions to increase accuracy: State precautionary in the experiment. i) ii)

Dry the strip with filter paper Repeat experiment / using more mango tissues to get average of mass / length

Remark : State any one Sample Answer: Method / Procedure : 1. Five perti dishes are labelled A, B, C, D and E. 2. Fill each Petri dish with sucrose solution as follows: Petri dish A B C D E 3. 4. 5. 6.

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Sucrose solution 20ml of 2 % sucrose solution 20ml of 4 % sucrose solution 20ml of 6 % sucrose solution 20ml of 8 % sucrose solution 20ml of 10 % sucrose solution

Use cork puncher to obtain five cylindrical strips of mangoes Cut each strip such that the length is 40mm respectively Weigh each strip and record its initial mass Put each strip into the respective perti dishes and leave it for 30 minutes.

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7. Take out the strips and dry the strips with filter paper. 8. Weigh the strips that has been dried up. 9. Record the results in the table. 10. Plot the graph of concentration of sucrose solution against the mass of the strips. 2

Able to state three to four criteria

1

Able to state two criteria

0

No response or wrong response

KB061205 ( KB061203-Listing of Materials and Apperatus) Skor

Perkara Abble to state all the material and apperatus: Sample Answer: Apparatus : Cork puncher / Knife / cutter Test tube / beaker/ petri dish Level balance / ruler

3

Materials : Mango, Sucrose solution ( 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) Water Filter paper / cloth . •

2 1 0

Must state three apparatus (including measuring apperatus) and three materials • Tick for planning – at least two any tick Able to state two apparatus (including measuring apparatus) and two materials ( mango and sucrose solution). Able to state one apparatus (measuring apparatus) and two materials (mango and sucrose solution) No response or wrong response

Mark:

3 X 5 = 15 mars B1 = 1 mark( technique) B2 = 1 mark( Data presentation) TOTAL = 17 marks END OF MARKING SCHEME

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1.6.3 Marking Scheme Paper 3 spm 2005 1 a) (i) (ii) KB0603 – Measure Using Number Score criteria 3

Can record all three temperature correctly Sample answer:

2

Answer: Initial Temperature of water = 29 oC Final temperature of white brade = 34 oC Final temperature of peanut = 40 oC Can record any two temperatures correctly

1

Can record any one temperature correctly

0

No response or wrong response

b) (i) [KB0601 - Observing] Score Criteria 3 Able to state two observation from Table 1 correctly and accurately. 1. State final water temperature of each food OR 2. Comparision between final temperature both of foods.

2

Sample answer: 1. Final water temperature after the white bread completely burnt is 34 oC 2. Final water temperature after the peanut completely burnt is 40 oC 3. Water temperature for peanut is higher than water temperature of white bread OR otherwise. 4 Final water temperature for white bread and peanut is different. Able to state any one observation from table 1 correctly and accurately or statement of interpretation of data Sample answer: 1. Final heated water temperature by peanut is higher than that of white bread.

1

Able to give an idea for thr observation Sample answer: 1. Final water temperature increases / differs 2. Differences of water temperature between white bread and peanut is 6 oC

0

No response or wrong response

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1 (b)(ii) [KB0604 – Making inferences] Score 3

Criteria

Able to state the inference for each observation made correctly and accurately based on the following criteria: Criteria: 1. Increase in water temperature caused by the heat energy absorbed from the burnt food sample 2. The difference in the water temperature increase is due to the different amount of heat absorbed from burnt white bread and peanut. Sample answer: 1. Water obtains heat from burnt food. 2. White bread / peanut produces more energy / higher energy than white bread.

2

Able to state any one inference made correctly based on the given criteria OR Able to state an idea inference for both observation made based on the given criteria.

1

Able to state an idea of inference for any one observation made. Sample answer: 1. Food contains energy. 2. Peanut contains a lot of energy // vice versa

0

No response or wrong response.

REMARK: Inference must based on the observation.

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(c) [KB0610 – Controlling variables]

Variables

State the method to handle variable correctly Ways to handle manipulated variable:

1. Manipulated variable: Type of food / White bread AND peanut

2. Responding variable:

Replacing white bread with peanut / used different food

Ways to handle responding variable:

Energy value / (Increase in) temperature

Calculate the energy value / Measure temperature using thermometer * Reject : Read / observe

3. Controlled variable:

Ways to fix controlled variable:

Mass of food/ volume of distilled water/intial water temperature

Fix 5g of food sample using weighing machine, / using the same volume of distilled water 20ml using measuring cylinder / Fix the initial water temperature at 29OC using thermometer

* Reject : weight

Scoring: Score 6 : 6 correct answer answer Score 3 : 3 correct answer answer

Score 5 : 5 correct answer

Score 4: 4 correct

Score 2 : 2 correct answer

Score 1: 1 correct

(d) [KB0611 – Making hypothesis] Score 3

Criteria

Able to make a statement of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable corecctly and accurately. Criteria set: C1: Stating manipulated variable C2: Stating responding variable R: Showing a specific relationship / showing direction of relationship Sample answer: Peanut produces a higher increase in temperature / energy value than white bread

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2

Able to state a statement of hypothesis based onthe following criteria. Criteria set: C1: Stating manipulated variable C2: Stating responding variable R: Showing a not specific relationship / showing direction of relationship Sample answer: Different food affects increase in temperature / energy

1

Able to give an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Stating a relationship with C1 and C2. Sample answer: 1. Peanut contains a high energy content.

0

No response or wrong response.

(e) (i) [KB0606 – Comunication] Score 3

Criteria

Able to construct one table containing the following criteria: 1. Title with correct units. 2. Names of all food sample 3. All correct and accurate data Sample Answer: Increase in water temperature/ oC

Energy value/ Jg-1

White bread

5

84.0

Peanut

11

184.8

Food Sample

Able to construct a table with two of the given criteria being incomplete 2 1

Able to construct a table with one of the given criteria being incomplete

0

No response or wrong response.

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(e)(ii) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data] Score 3

Criteria

Able to state that relationship between the food class with its energy value of each food sample correctly and accurately. C1: Food sample (white bread / peanut) C2: Food sample ( Carbohidrat / lipid / fat) C3: Realeased of energy ( High / low) Sample answer: White bread is an example of the carbohydrate food class which has low energy value / a little and peanut is an example of the lipid and has high energy.

2

Able to state the relationship between the food class with the energy value of each food sample but less accurate. Sample answer. White bread is carbohydrate food class and peanut is lipid food class.

1

Able to state an idea of a relationship between the food class with the energy value of each food sample. Sample answer: White bread / peanut realeased energy

0

No response or wrong response.

(f) [KB0609 – Defining by Operation] Score 3

Criteria

Able to state correctly and accurately the defination of energy value based on the results of the experiment using the following criteria: C1 : Quality of heat released by food sample) C2 : Mass of food sample ( white bread / peanut) C3 : Mass / volume of water / that used and increasing in temperature Sample answer: 1. Energy value is the quantity of heat/energy released by 1g white bread when completely burnt to increase water temperatur of 20 ml of water by 5 oC.

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2. Energy value is the quantity of heat/energy released by 1 g peanut when completely burnt to increase water temperatur of 20 ml of water by 11 oC

2

Reject provide energy/heat Able to state the defination of energy based on two cieteria . C1 + C2 Sample answer: Value of energy ia the quantity of heat released by 1g white bread / peanut when complete burnt.

1

Able to state the defination of energy on idea only. Sample answer: 1. Energy value is a quantity of heat released by the burnt food. 2. Energy value is the energy stored in the food.

0

No response or wrong response.

(g) [KB0605 – Predicting] Score 3

Criteria Able to predict the observation and the energy value to be obtained if a cashew nut is used based on criteria: C1 : State observation on increase in temperature C2 : State change in energy value C3 : Compare that food used Sample answer: 1. Increase in temperature and energy value obtained is the same/higher as /compare that of peanut(for the same mass) 2. Increase in temperature and energy value obtained is twice that of white bread (for the same mass) •

2

If compare with white bread, more value energy released only accept.

Able to predict the observation and the energy value to be obtained if a cashew nut incopmlete used based on two criteria Sample answer: 1. Increase temperature obtained same as peanut water temperature

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2. Value energy obtained less than peanut. 1

Able to predict the observation and the energy value to be obtained if a cashew nut in an idea or used based on one criteria Sample answer: 1. Cashew nut contains energy 2. Cashew nut causes increase in temperature.

0

No response or wrong response.

(h) [KB0602 – ] Classifying Score 3

Criteria Able to complete Table 2 by using correctly all the food given and classifying them into the food classes based on the energy value equivalent to thet of white bread or peanut Sample Answer: White bread

Peanut

maize Boiled potato

Margarine Cashew nut

Rice

palmoil

Give score to wright pair ( three pairs correct) 2

Able to complete Table 2 by using correctly two the food given and classifying them into the food classes based on the energy value equivalent to thet of white bread or peanut

1

Able to complete Table 2 by using correctly one the food given and classifying them into the food classes based on the energy value equivalent to thet of white bread or peanut

0

No response or wrong response.

SCORE TOTAL : - 11 X 3 = 33 marks

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Question 1 : Paper 3 (Nutrition) 1 a) KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers Score

3

2 1

Criteria Able to record all pairs data (volume and rate of photosynthesis) correctly and accurately. Answer: Temperature ( oC) Volume of oxygen Rate of photosynthesis (cm3 / min) collected (cm3) 10 8 1.6 20 18 3.6 30 24 4.8 35 28 5.6 45 2 0.4

Able to record three to four pairs data (volume and rate of photosynthesis) correctly. Able to record any two pairs data (volume and rate of photosynthesis) correctly No response or wrong respons

0

1 (b) (i) [KB0601 - Observing] Skor

Kriteria Able to state two observations from table 1 correctly and accurately. Criteria : 1. State the volume of oxygen collected at the different temperature. 2. Compare the volume oxygen collected at the different temperature.

3

2

Sample Answer: 3. At the 10oC volume of oxygen collected is 8 cm3. 4. At the 45oC volume of oxygen collected is 2 cm3. 5. Volume of oxygen release at 20oC is lesser than volume at 35oC 6. Volume of oxygen release at 45oC is lesser than volume oxygen released at 35oC

Able to state any one observation from Table 1 correctly and accurately or statement of interpration of data.

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Sample Answer: 1. Volume of oxygen release at 45oC is lesser than volume oxygen released at 35oC

Able to give an idea for the observation. 1

0

Example Answer: 3. Oxygen released in this experiment 4. Bubbles released during experiment

No response or wrong response. Sckore summary Sckore Observation 1 3 √ 2 √ √ 1 Idea Idea

Observation 2 √ Idea / reverse X / reverse Idea X / reverse

1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 – Making inference] Score

Criteria Able to state the inference for each observation made correctly and accurately based on the following criteria: 1. State photosynthesis and oxygen released. 2. Compere the rate of photosynthesis at different temperature.

3

2

Sample Answer: 2. Plant do photosynthesis and released oxygen gas. 3. The rate of photosynthesis at 20OC is lesser than the rate of photosynthesis at 35OC. ***
Inference must equivalent with observation.
If observation wrong, inference can’t get mark
If observation only idea, inference may be can get mark if correct.
If compare in observation, so inference must be compare 1. Able to state any one inference made correctly based on the given criteria. Or

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2.

Able to state an idea of inference for both observation made based on the given criteria.

Able to state an idea of inference for any one observation made. 1

Sample Answer: 3. Plant do photosynthesis.

0

No response or wrong response. Rumusan skor Skor Inference 1 3 √ 2 idea √ 1 Idea Idea

Inference 2 √ Idea X / reverse No answer X / reverse

1 (c) [KB0610 – Controlling Variables] Score

Criteria Able to state the three variables in this experiment and state three ways of controlling the variables correctly. Sample Answer : Variables Manipulated variable:

Particular to be implemented Ways to conduct manipulated variable:

Temperature

Used different temperature using thermometer.

Responding variable :

Ways to get responding variable:

The volume of oxygen released / rate of photosynthesis

Measure the volume oxygen using measuring cylinder / calculate the rate of photosynthesis using the formula (volume / time)

Constant variable:

Ways to control constant variable:

Volume of water / Light intensity / the concentration of

Used the same volume of water / Maintain the light intensity / Used the

3

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carbon dioxide / type of plant

same concentration of carbon dioxide / used same type of plant .

Able to state four to five criteria corectly. 2

1 0




Reject way how to control variable if variable is wrong.

Able to state two to three criteria corectly.

No response or only one criteria correct. Score summary Score 3 : 6 true Score 1 : 2 - 3 true

Score 2 : 4 - 5 true Score 0 : 1 truel

1 (d) [KB0611 – Making Hypothesis] Criteria

Score

Able to make a stament of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable correctly and accurately. Criteria set: C1 : Stating manipulated variable. (temperature) C2 : Stating responding variable (volume of oxygen) R : Showing a spesific relationship/ showing direction of relationship 3

Sample Answer : 4. The higher the temperature the more volume oxygen collected until one step / level./ certain volume// vice verse 5. When the temperature increase, the rate of photosynthesis is incresed until certain level/point // vice verse

2

Able to make a statement of hypothesis based on the following criteria: C1 : Stating manipulated variable C2 : Stating responding variable R : Showing a relationship but not spesific/ no direction

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Sample Answer: 2. Different temperature released different volume of oxygen. 3. The higher the temperature the less volume oxygen collected until one step / level./ certain volume// vice verse

1

0

Able to give an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Stating a relationship with C1 or C2. Sample Answer : 1. Photosynthesis affected by temperature

No response or wrong respones

1 (e) (i) [KB0606 – Communication] Sckore

Criteria Able to construct one graph containing the following criteria:

3

1. Y exis - ( rate of photosynthesis), X exis-( temperature ) with suitable scale: order series of units 2. Remove all points all correct 3. Line of graph is smooth Able to construct one graph containing the following criteria:

2

1. Scale : no units 2. Remove three points all correct 3. Line of graph is smooth Able to construct one graph containing the following criteria:

1

0

1. Scale : no units 2. Remove two points all correct 3. Line of graph is smooth No response or wrong response.

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1 (e) (ii) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data] Score

Criteria Able to state the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis correctly and accurately: Sample Answer:

3

1. At the (temperature) 10oC, the rate of photosynthesis is 1.6 cm3min-1 2. The highest the rate of photosynthesis is 5.6 cm3min-1 at 35oC 3. At the (temperature) 45oC, the rate of photosynthesis is the lowest (0.4 cm3min-1)

Able to state the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis correctly but less accurate. 2

Sample answer: The higher the temperature the higher the rate of photosynthesis. Able to state the relationship between temperature and the rate of photosynthesis in idea.

1

Example answer: The rate of photosynthesis influence by temperature

0

No response or wrong answer.

1 (f) [KB0605 – Predecting] Skor

Kriteria Able to predict the volume of oxygen released and observation and the value length of potato strip to obtained if soaked in 35% sucrose solution following creteria:

3

C1 : State volume of oxygen released C2 : Give suitable value (compare with any temperature – must state the temperature) C3 : Give a reason Sample Answer:

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The volume of oxygen released less than 28cm3 at 35OC because the rate of photosynthesis is decrease ** accept any temperature compared. Able to predict the observation and the value length of potato strip to obtained if soaked in 35% sucrose solution but incomplete. 2

Sample Answer: The volume of oxygen is decrease because the rate of photosynthesis is will decreases . Able to give an idea of a precdiction on the observation.

1

Sample Answer: The volume of oxygen is different. No response or wrong respone.

0

1 (g) [KB0612 – Relationship between space and time] Skor

Kriteria Able to state the volume of oxygen released between duration of experiment correctly and accurately.

3

Sample Answer: The shoter the duration experiment conduct, the less volume of oxygen released. Able to state the volume of oxygen released between duration of experiment not accuratly

2

Sample Answer: The volume of oxygen released depends on duration of experiment. Able to give an idea

1 0

Example answer: Volume of oxygen has change No response or wrong response

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1 (h) [KB0609 –Defining by Operation ] Score

Criteria Able to state correctly and accurately the definition of photosyntesis based on the result of the experiment:

3

Sample answer: Photosynthesis is the process that released oxygen affect by temperature and the highest the volume of oxygen released at 35oC Able to state the definition of photosynthesis based on the result of the experiment but not correctly :

2

Sample answer: Photosynthesis is the process released oxygen that affect by temperature. . Able to state correctly and accurately the definition of photosynthesis based on theory :

1

0

Sample Answer: Photosynthesis is the process plant make their food and released oxygen.

No response or wrong response.

1 (i) [KB0602 – Clyssifying] Score

Criteria Able to complete classifying all the list given in pair. Sample answer: Thermometer

3

Distilled water

Filter funnel

Sodium bicarbonate solution

Bulb

Elodea sp.

Stop watch

Plasticine

** Corect three pairs

2

Able to classifying only two pairs Sample answer:

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Thermometer

Distilled water

Filter funnel

Sodium bicarbonate solution

Bulb

Elodea sp.

Stop watch Plasticine Able to classifying only one pair Sample answer: Thermometer

Distilled water

Filter funnel

Elodea sp.

Bulb

1

Stop watch Plasticine Sodium bicarbonate solution 0

No response or wrong response.

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Question 1 : ( Movement of Substences Across the Plasma Membran) 1 a) KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers Score

Criteria Able to record all eight and calculate four the percentage change in lenght correctly and accurately. Answer:

3

Solution

Lenght of potato strip(mm) Strip 1 Strip 2

Distilled water 17% sucrose sloution 20% sucrose sloution 25% sucrose sloution 2 1

52 50 48 45

Percentage change in lenght (%)

56 50 46 42

8 0 -4 -6

Able to record any three pairs data ( lenght and percentage change in lenght). Able to record any two pairs data ( lenght and percentage change in lenght). No response or wrong respons

0

1 (b) (i) [KB0601 - Observing] Skor

Kriteria Able to state two observations from table 1 correctly and accurately. Criteria : 3. State the final lenght of the potato strip. 4. Compare the final potato strip between different solution.

3

2

Sample Answer: 7. Final lenght potato strip in distilled water is 56mm / increase. 8. Final lenght potato strip in 17% sucrose solution is 50mm / or not change. 9. Final lenght potato strip in 20% sucrose solution is 46mm / decrese 10. Percentage change in lenght potato strip in distilled water is higher than in sucrose solution.

Able to state any one observation from Table 1 correctly and accurately or statement of interpration of data.

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Sample Answer: 4. Percentage change in lenght potato strip in distilled water is higher than in sucrose solution. Able to give an idea for the observation. 1

0

Example Answer: 5. Final lenght potato strips are diffres 6. The change in the lenght of potato strips.

No response or wrong response. Sckore summary Sckore Observation 1 3 √ 2 √ √ 1 Idea Idea

Observation 2 √ Idea / reverse X / reverse Idea X / reverse

1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 – Making inference] Score

3

2

Criteria Able to state the inference for each observation made correctly and accurately based on the following criteria: 3. Increase in lenght potato strip caused by movement of water from outside of cell. 4. not change in lenght potato strip caused of amount of water move out or move in cell / potato same . Sample Answer: 4. Increase in lenght potato strip because water move towards into potato strip cell by osmosis process. 5. In 17% Sucrose solution, potato strip not change in lenght because presence solution which isotinic to the cell sap of the potato strip. ***
Inference must equivalent with observation.
If observation wrong, inference can’t get mark
If observation only idea, inference may be can get mark if correct. 1. Able to state any one inference made correctly based on the given criteria. Or

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2.

Able to state an idea of inference for both observation made based on the given criteria.

Able to state an idea of inference for any one observation made.

1

Sample Answer: 4. Water is hipotonic solution 5. 25% sucrose solution is hypertonic solution. 6. 17% sucrose solution ia isotonic solution.

0

No response or wrong response. Rumusan skor Skor Inference 1 Inference 2 3 √ √ 2 idea Idea √ X / reverse 1 Idea No answer Idea X / reverse 1 (c) [KB0610 – Controlling Variables] Score

Criteria Able to state the three variables in this experiment and state three ways of controlling the variables correctly. Sample Answer : Variables Manipulated variable: Concentration of sucrose solution

3

Responding variable : Final lengths of potato strips.

Constant variable: Volume of solution, Time of being soak of potato strip

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Particular to be implemented Ways to conduct manipulated variable: Used/replacing distilled water, 17% sucrose solution, 20% sucrose solution, 25% sucrose solution./used different concentration of sucrose solution. Ways to get responding variable: Measure the length of potato strips with ruler

Ways to control constant variable: Used the same volume of solution/measure same volume of solution with measuring cylinder / Maintain one hour being soak potato

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strip in solution.

Able to state four to five criteria. 2 1


Reject way how to control variable if variable is wrong. Able to state two to three criteria corecctly.

0

No response or only one criteria correct. Score summary Score 3 : 6 true Score 2 : 4 - 5 true Score 1 : 2 - 3 true Score 0 : 1 truel 1 (d) [KB0611 – Making Hypothesis] Score

Criteria Able to make a stament of hypothesis by relating the manipulated variable with the responding variable correctly and accurately. Criteria set: C1 : Stating manipulated variable. C2 : Stating responding variable R : Showing a spesific relationship/ showing direction of relationship

3 Sample Answer : 6. The higher concentration of sucrose solution, the length of potato strip will decrese. 7. As the concentration of the sucrose decrese, the length of potato strip will increase

2

Able to make a statement of hypothesis based on the following criteria: C1 : Stating manipulated variable C2 : Stating responding variable R : Showing a relationship but not spesific/ no direction Sample Answer: 1. Diffrent concentration of sucrose solution influence langth of potato strip.

1

Able to give an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Stating a relationship with C1 or C2. Sample Answer : 1. Sucrose solution affect length of potato strip.

0

No response or wrong respones

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1 (e) (i) [KB0606 – Communication] Sckore

Criteria Able to construct one graph containing the following criteria: 4. Suitable scale: order series of units 5. Remove all points all correct 6. Line of graph is smooth Sample answer :

3

Able to construct one graph containing the following criteria: 2

1. Scale : no units 2. Remove three points all correct 3. Line of graph is smooth Able to construct one graph containing the following criteria:

1

0

4. Scale : no units 5. Remove two points all correct 6. Line of graph is smooth No response or wrong response.

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1 (e) (ii) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data] Score

3

2

1

0

Criteria Able to state the relationship between concentration of sucrose solution and percentage change in length of potato strip correctly and accurately: Sample Answer: When soaked in distilled water / hypotonic solution, percentage change in length of potato strip increased.When soaked in 20% / 25% sucrose solutions (hypertoic solution), percentage change in length of potato strip decrease. / When soaked in 17% sucrose solution, the length of the potato strip did not change. Able to state the relationship between concentration of sucrose solution and percentage change in length of potato strip but less accurate. Able to state the relationship between concentration of sucrose solution and percentage change in length of potato strip.

No response or wrong answer.

1 (f) [KB0605 – Predecting] Skor

Kriteria Able to predict the observation and the value length of potato strip to obtained if soaked in 35% sucrose solution following creteria: C1 : State length of potato strip C2 : Give suitable value (compare with 25% sucrose solution) C3 : Give a reason

3 Sample Answer: The length of potato strip will syrink by more than 4mm. This is because the 35% sucrose solution is hypertonic to the cell sap of potato. Water move out from the cell sap of the potato. Able to predict the observation and the value length of potato strip to obtained if soaked in 35% sucrose solution but incomplete. 2

1

Sample Answer: The length of potato strip will decreases in 35% sucrose solution, it is hypertonic solution. Able to give an idea of a precdiction on the observation.

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Sample Answer: The length of potato strip will decreases in 35% sucrose solution. No response or wrong respone.

0

1 (g) [KB0612 – Relationship between space and time] Skor

Kriteria Able to state the duration soak and the change in langht potato strip correctly and accurately.

3

Sample Answer: The shoter the duration soaking potato strip, the smaller the change in the lenght / condition of potato. Able to state the duration soak and the change in langht potato strip not accuratly

2

1 0

Sample Answer: The condition of the potato strips depends on the soaking duration. Able to give an idea. No response or wrong response

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1 (h) [KB0609 –Defining by Operation ] Score

Criteria Able to state correctly and accurately the definition of osmosis based on the result of the experiment:

3

Sample answer: Osmosis is the process movement the molecul of water, if soaked in hypotonic solution / distilled water length of potato strip will increase, no change in length while soaked in isotonic solution/17% sucrose solution, Length of potato strip decrease when soaked in hypertonic solution/20% /25% sucrose solution. Able to state the definition of osmosis based on the result of the experiment but not correctly :

2

Sample answer: Osmosis is the process movement the molecul of water which affect the length of potato strip .

Able to state correctly and accurately the definition of osmosis based on theory :

1

0

Sample Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from region of thrir higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a semi-permeable mambrane

No response or wrong response.

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1 (i) [KB0602 – Clyssifying] Score

Criteria Able to complete classifying all the materials and apparatus given. Sample answer:

3

Materials Apparatus Distilled water Cork borer Petri dish 0.3M salt solution 0.1M glucose solution Filter paper Visking tubing Able to complete classifying all the materials and apparatus given but not correct. Sample answer:

2

Materials Distilled water 0.3M salt solution 0.1M glucose solution

Apparatus Cork borer Petri dish Filter paper Visking tubing

Able to complete classifying all the materials and apparatus given but not correct but not have a title. Sample answer: 1 Distilled water 0.3M salt solution 0.1M glucose solution Filter paper Visking tubing 0

Cork borer Petri dish

No response or wrong response.

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155

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Question 2 : Paper 3 ( Endengerd Ecosystem) Aim Of Study: To investigate / estimate the population size of rats in certain area of oil palm. . KB061201 – ( KB061203 – Statement of Identified Problem) Score

3

Criteria Able to give a statement of identified problem completely and correctly : C1 : Manipulated Variable C2 : Responding variable R : Question form and have relationship Sample Answer : i) What is the effect area of oil palm on the population size of rats? ii) How does the size of an area of oil palm affect the population size of rats? # Without question mark (?) – score 2 Able to give a statement of identified problem but incomplete.

2

Sample Answer: What is the effect area and size of population of rats. Able to give idea of a statement of identified problem.

1

0

Sample Answer: What is the effect area of oil palm of the population of rats. No response or wrong response

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KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis ) Score

3

Criteria Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. Criteria set: C1 : States the manipulated variable C2 : States the responding variable R : Show the specific relationship and direction between the manipulated variable and the responding variable. Answer must have C1, C2 and R Sample Answer : 3. The bigger/larger an area of oil palm the higher / bigger population size of rats. 4. The smaller area of oil palm the smaller population size of rats. 5. The bigger an area oil palm the bigger number of rats/marked in the second capture Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. Answer must have C1 and C2 but without relationship

2

Sample Answer : 1. The bigger/larger an area of oil palm the lower / smaller population size of rats. 2. The smaller area of oil palm the bigger population size of rats.

Able to state an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Answer must have C1 or C2 starting a relationship with C1 or C2. 1

0

Sample Answer: Area effect the population size of rats. No response or wrong response

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157

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KB061203 – Planning Investigation ( KB061203-Controlling variable ) Score

Criteria Able to state three variables: Constant variable: Amount of food / species of rat Manipulated variable : Area of field study / Area of oil palm bath Responding variable: Population size of rat / Number of marked rates in second capture

KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation) Score

Criteria Scoring Criteria: Able to state 7-9 planning investigation of experiment following: • Problem statement (PS) – idea •

Aim of investigation / Objective (Ob) – Relation between C1 and C2

•

Statement of hypothesis (HP) – idea

•

States variables – (Vb)

•

List of materials and apparatus (AP)

•

Technique (Tq) – Correctly and accurately (Bonus 1) = 1 mark Sample Answer: Catch , mark, release, catch again technique

3

** Reject :Capture - recapture •

Procedure / Method of investigation (PD)– must have at least one criteria either C1 @ C2 @ C3 @ C4 @ C5

•

Data presentation // presentation of result (DP) – Have table with title and unit

Sample Answer : MODUL JUJ 2007

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Number of Rats First capture(a)

Second capture Total capture (b)

Total marked (c)

Estimated a xb c

Second Bonus : 1 mark •

Conclusion (CS) – Must same with hypothesis, If hypothesis is wrong, reject conclusion.

Sample answer : The bigger/larger an area of oil palm the higher/bigger population size of rats. ( Hypothesis is accepted) *** Hypothesis accepted. ( reject) 2 1 0

scoring Criteria : State 4 - 6 items Scoring Criteria: State 1 - 3 items No response or wrong response

KB061204 ( KB061203-Method / procedure of investigation) Skor

3

Perkara Able to state five criteria C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 : Criteria : C1 : Ways to conduct apparatus and materials: M1 : Choose the area to investigate M2 : Capture some rats randomly M3 : Using nets / traps M4 : Mark every captured rats by tying // Indian ink M5 : release the marked rats. M6 : After 3-5 days, recapture the rats. M7 : Count and record all the numbers of captured rats. Remark : Able to state five step to get C1

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iv) v)

Catch the same species of rat. // Maintain amount of food

C3 : Ways to determine responding variable ii) Calculate / record the number of rats in the first capture iii) Calculate / record the number of rats in second capture. iv) Calculate / record the number of marked rats in second capture All in the table // iv)

Calculate the population of rats by using formula population = a x b c ** Must state a, b and c

C4 : Ways to change manipulated variables. i) Repeat the experiment using the different area of oil palm. C5 : Precautionary: State one precautionary in the experiment. Sample Answer: iii) All the rats are caught at randomly // iv) The mark animal mix freely with the unmarked animals before the second catch.// v) Make sure that the marking is not harming and waterproof.

2

Sample Answer: Method / Procedure : 11. Choose the area where the study is to be carried out. 12. Capture as many rats as possible using nets /traps 13. Mark every captured rats by Indian ink / tying feet with string 14. Record the number of rats in the first captured in the table (a). 15. Release the marked rats to their original habitat. 16. After 3-5 days, recapture the same species of rats in the same area of study. 17. Count and record the number of rats in second captured (b) including the marked (c) ones in the table 18. Calculate the population of rats by using the formula population = a x b c Able to state 4 criteria

1

Able to state two to three criteria

0

No response or wrong response

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160

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KB061205 ( KB061203-Listing of Materials and Apperatus) Skor

Perkara Abble to state all the material and apperatus: Sample Answer: Materials : String / thred / indian ink / , rat

3 Apperatus : Rats net / trap Ring Scissors / knife 2 1 0

Able to state two of the materials and apparatus marked above. Able to state one of the materials and apparatus marked above. No response or wrong response

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161

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Question 2 : Paper 3 ( Chemical Composition in the Cell ) Aim Of Study: To study the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme reaction on starch. KB061201 – ( KB061203 – Statement of Identified Problem) Score

3

Criteria Able to give a statement of identified problem completely and correctly : C1 : Manipulated Variable C2 : Responding variable R : Question form and have relationship Sample Answer : iii) What is the effect temperature on the rate of enzyme on starch? iv) What is the temperature to make the rate of enzyme on starch became optimum? # Without question mark (?) – score 2 Able to give a statement of identified problem but incomplete.

2

Sample Answer: What is the effect temperature of enzyme on starch? Able to give idea of a statement of identified problem.

1

0

Sample Answer: Temperature effect activity of enzyme on starch. No response or wrong response

KB061202 ( KB061203 – Making Hypothesis ) Score

3

Criteria Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. Criteria set: C1 : States the manipulated variable C2 : States the responding variable R : Show the specific relationship and direction between the manipulated variable and the responding variable. Answer must have C1, C2 and R

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Sample Answer : 1. The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of enzyme on starch reaction until it reaching is optimum temperature 37OC. 2. The rate of the activity of enzyme on starch increase with the increase in temperature until reaches the optimum temperature of 37OC Able to make a statement of hypothesis which relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. Answer must have C1 and C2 but without relationship 2 Sample Answer : Different temperature affect rate of enzyme on starch reaction. Able to state an idea of a statement of hypothesis. Answer must have C1 or C2 starting a relationship with C1 or C2. 1

0

Sample Answer: Temperature affect activity of enzyme on starch No response or wrong response

KB061203 – Planning Investigation ( KB061203-Controlling variable ) Score

Criteria Able to state three variables: Constant variable: Enzyme concentration, pH of enzyme and starch, substrate concentration, volume of enzyme and substrate/starch suspension. Manipulated variable :Temperature of the reaction medium/water bath Manipulated variable: Rate of enzyme on starch reaction / time taken for hydrolysis of starch / or color of iodine is not change

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KB061203 - Planning ( Planning for investigation) Score

Criteria Scoring Criteria: Able to state 7-9 planning investigation of experiment following: • Problem statement (PS) – idea

3

•

Aim of investigation / Objective (Ob) – Relation between C1 and C2

•

Statement of hypothesis (HP) – idea

•

States variables – (Vb)

•

List of materials and apparatus (AP)

•

Technique (Tq) – Correctly and accurately (Bonus 1) = 1 mark Sample Answer: Measure the time taken for hydrolysis enzyme on starch with stopwatch // calculate rate of enzyme on starch reaction

•

Procedure / Method of investigation (PD)– must have at least one criteria either C1 @ C2 @ C3 @ C4 @ C5

•

Data presentation // presentation of result (DP) – Have table with title and unit ( different temperature at least three)

Sample Answer : Temperature/0 C

Time/min

Rate of reaction 1/time (minutes-1)

5 10 20 37 60 Second Bonus : 1 mark •

Conclusion (CS) – Must same with hypothesis, If hypothesis is wrong, reject conclusion.

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Sample answer : The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of enzyme on starch reaction until it reaching is optimum temperature 37OC. ( Hypothesis is accepted) *** Hypothesis accepted. ( reject) 2 1 0

Croring Criteria : State 4 - 6 items Scoring Criteria: State 1 - 3 items No response or wrong response

KB061204 ( KB061203-Method / procedure of investigation) Skor

3

Perkara Able to state five criteria C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 : Criteria : C1 : Ways to conduct apparatus and materials: M1 : 5 ml Starch suspension fill into test tube (A). M2 : 1ml amylase / saliva fill in to the test tube (AI) M3 : Place test tube contain starch suspension and enzyme (A & AI) into a beaker of cold water. Maintain it at a temperature of 5OC for 10 minutes. M4 : Drop a few drops of iodine separately on a white tile. M5 : After 10 minutes, pour the content in test tube A to A1, Maintain the temperature of the mixture at 5OC M6 : Stir the mixture M7: Drop a small the mixture by dropper into iodine. M8: Repeat M1 to m7 with the pair of test tubes at different temperature like 5OC10OC, 20OC, 37OC, 60OC. Remark : Able to state five step to get C1 C2 : Ways to control controlling variable vi) Measure 5ml / used same volume of starch suspension vii) Measure 1ml / same volume of enzyme /amylase/saliva Remark :Should state the volume used C3 : Ways to determine responding variable v) Record the time taken that the colour of iodine is not change / and write in the table

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C4 : Ways to change manipulated variables. ii) Use different temperature ( at least three different temperature). C5 : Precautionary: State precautionary in the experiment. Sample Answer: vi) Maintain the temperature all the time / during experiment. Sample Answer: Method / Procedure : 1. Rinse your mouth with clean water and collect 5ml of saliva in a beaker. 2. Add 5ml of distilled water into the beaker to dilute the saliva. 3. Label five test tubes as A,B,C,D and E and fill up each with 1ml of saliva. 4. Label five test tube A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1, and fill each with 1ml saliva. 5. Place test tube A and A1 into a beaker of cold water and maintain it at temperature of 5OC. Leave it for 10 minutes. 6. Drop a few drops iodine separately on a white tile. 7. After 10 minutes, pour the content in test tube A into tube A1. Maintain the temperature of the mixture at 5OC 8. Stir the mixture with a glass rod. Use a dropper to take out small amounts of the mixture and add it to the iodine drop. At the same time, start the stopwatch. 9. Observe the change in the colour of the iodine. 10. repeat the iodine test for the mixture in test tube A1 at an internal of 1 minutes for 10 minutes. 11. Record the time taken when the mixture no longer change the colour of iodine into blue. 12. Repeat steps 5 to 11 with the pair of test tube at different temperature like 5OC10OC, 20OC, 37OC, 60OC 13. Record the time taken into the table. 14. Plot a graph of rate of reaction (1/time) against temperature. 2

Able to state 4 criteria

1

Able to state two to three criteria

0

No response or wrong response

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KB061205 ( KB061203-Listing of Materials and Apperatus) Skor

3

2 1 0

Perkara Abble to state all the material and apperatus: Sample Answer: Materials : 1% starch solution*, iodine solution, ice, distilled water. Bahan : 5 beaker*, 10 test tube*, syringe, dropper, glass rod, white tile, thermometer*, bunsen burner, tripord stand, wire gauze, and topwatch.*. * Must state Able to state two materials and three apparatus. Able to state one material and two apparatus No response or wrong response

KB061205 ( KB061203-Listing of Materials and Apperatus) Score

3

2 1 0

Criteria Abble to state all the material and apperatus: Sample Answer: Materials : 1% starch solution*, iodine solution, ice, distilled water. Bahan : 5 beaker*, 10 test tube*, syringe, dropper, glass rod, white tile, thermometer*, bunsen burner, tripord stand, wire gauze, and topwatch.*. * Must state Able to state two materials and three apparatus. Able to state one material and two apparatus No response or wrong response

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1.7 SAMPLE STUDENT’S ANSWERS PAPER 3 ( EXCELENCE STUDENT ) 2. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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For Examiner’s Use

(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship between the quantity of albumen and time. 1 . The 10% albumen suspension took shortest time for the

1(a) (i)

cloudiness to change, which is 7 minutes. 2. The 20% albumen suspension took the longest time for the cloudiness to change, which is 12.5 minutes. [3 marks]

(ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observation in 1 (a) (i). 1. In the 10% albumen suspension, the amount of albumen that needs to

be hydrolysed by the pepsin enzyme is the least, so it is faster to change its cloudiness compared to others 1(a) (ii) 2 In the 20% albumen suspension, the amount of albumen that needs to be

hydrolysed by the pepsin enzyme is the most, this is take a longer time for the cloudiness to change compare to the others. [3 marks]

(b) Using the information provided in Table 1.1, complete Table 1.2 by recording the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn clear.

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension

Time taken / minutes

10%

7

15%

10

20%

12.5 TABLE 1.2

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1(b)

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For Examiner’s Use

(c) (i) Complete Table 1.3 based on this experiment.

Variable Manipulated variable

Concentration percentage of albumen suspension

Method to handle the variable

Used different concentration of albumen suspension

Responding variable

Time taken for pepsin to hydrolysed the albumen suspension

Record time taken using stop watch

Controlled variable

Temperature of surrounding

Fix temperature at 37oC using thermometer

……………………………… 1(c) (i)

TABLE 1.3

(ii)

[3 marks]

The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Thermometer, Stop watch, Albumen suspension, Water bath, Pepsin, Syringe

Complete table 1.4 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Variables

Apparatus

Material

Manipulated

Syringe

Albumen suspension

Responding

Stop Watch

Pepsin

Controlled

Thermometer

Water bath

TABLE 1.4 [3 marks]

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1(c)(ii)

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(d) State the hypothesis is for this experiment.

The higher the concentration percentage of the albumen suspension, the longer the

For Examiner’s Use

time needed for pepsin to hydrolyse the albumen suspension ………………………………………………………………………………….

1(d)

[3 marks]

(e) (i) Based on table 1.1 construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects: • • •

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension Time/min Rate of enzyme reaction as percentage of albumen converted per minute

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension / %

Time/min

Rate of enzyme reaction / %min-1

10

7

1.43

15

10

1.5

20

12.5

1.6

1(e) (i)

[3 marks] 1(e) (ii) (iv)

On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension. [3 marks]

(v)

Explain the relationship between the rate of reaction of pepsin and the concentration of albumen suspension based on the graph in 1(e)(ii).

The higher the concentration of albumen suspension, the higher the rate of reaction of pepsin [ 3marks]

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1(e) (iii)

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(f)

For Examiner’s Use

Based on experiment, what can you deduce about this enzyme?.

Enzyme hydrolysis albumen into polypeptides. Albumen suspension which urns to clear when the albumen has been hydrolysed by the pepsin and the rate of reaction of enzyme is affected by concentration of the albumen 1 (f) [3 marks] (g) The experiment is repeated using the apparatus set up as in Diagram 1.3. The quantities of albumen suspension and pepsin enzyme used are as shown. The experiment is left for one hour.

P, Q, R and S are four possible observation after one hour. Choose one correct observation and explain your choice.

R, this is because the enzyme used has been boiled , enzyme denatured and cannot hydrolyse the albumen suspension. No reaction occurs and the solution remains cloudy. …………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

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1 (g)

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Graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension

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SAMPLE STUDENT’S ANSWERS PAPER 3 ( MODERATER STUDENT ) 3. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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For Examiner’s Use

(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship between the quantity of albumen and time. 1 . The lowest concentration of albumen suspension results in the shortest

time taken for the solution to turn clear.

1(a) (i)

2. The highest concentration of albumen suspension result in the longest time taken for the solution to turn clear. [3 marks]

(ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observation in 1 (a) (i). 1. The lower concentration of substrate means that all the substrate can be

reacted in a shorter time by the enzyme. 2. The higher concentration of substrate means that more time is taken react all the substrate.

1(a) (ii)

[3 marks]

(b) Using the information provided in Table 1.1, complete Table 1.2 by recording the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn clear.

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension

Time taken / minutes

10%

7

15%

10

20%

13 TABLE 1.2

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1(b)

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For Examiner’s Use

(c) (i) Complete Table 1.3 based on this experiment.

Method to handle the variable

Variable Manipulated variable

Concentration of albumen suspension

By diluting the albumen suspension with distilled water according to the percentage concentration

Responding variable

Time taken for the solution to turn clear

Record time taken using stop watch

Controlled variable

Concentration of pepsin

By using pepsin of the same concentration 1(c) (i)

TABLE 1.3

(ii)

[3 marks]

The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Thermometer, Stop watch, Albumen suspension, Water bath, Pepsin, Syringe

Complete table 1.4 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Variables

Apparatus

Material

Manipulated

Syringe

Albumen suspension

Responding

Stop Watch

Pepsin

Controlled

Thermometer

Water bath

TABLE 1.4 [3 marks]

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1(c)(ii)

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(d) State the hypothesis is for this experiment.

The lower percentage concentration of the albumen suspension, the longer the

For Examiner’s Use

lesser time is taken for the albumen suspension to turn colorless and the higher 1(d)

the rate of reaction [3 marks]

(e) (i) Based on table 1.1 construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects: • • •

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension Time/min Rate of enzyme reaction as percentage of albumen converted per minute

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension / %

Rate of reaction

Time/min

10

7

1.43

15

10

1.5

20

12.5

1.6

enzyme

1(e) (i)

[3 marks] 1(e) (ii) (ii)

On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension. [3 marks]

(iii)

Explain the relationship between the rate of reaction of pepsin and the concentration of albumen suspension based on the graph in 1(e)(ii).

The higher the concentration of albumen suspension, the higher the rate of reaction of pepsin. Rate of reaction of pepsin is proportional to concentration of albumen suspension [ 3marks]

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1(e) (iii)

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(f)

For Examiner’s Use

Based on experiment, what can you deduce about this enzyme?.

Enzyme hydrolysis albumen into polypeptides. Albumen suspension which turns to clear when the albumen has been hydrolysed by the pepsin 1 (f) [3 marks]

(g) The experiment is repeated using the apparatus set up as in Diagram 1.3. The quantities of albumen suspension and pepsin enzyme used are as shown. The experiment is left for one hour.

P, Q, R and S are four possible observation after one hour. Choose one correct observation and explain your choice.

S is the observation after one hour. This is because the boiled enzyme would have denatured and this incapable of hydrolyzing the albumen suspension, so the solution will stay at concentrated as before [3 marks]

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1 (g)

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Graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension

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SAMPLE STUDENT’S ANSWERS PAPER 3 ( POTENTIAL STUDENT ) 1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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For Examiner’s Use

(a) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship between the quantity of albumen and time. 1 . The lower the percentage concentration of albumen suspension, the

less time for the solution to become colorless

1(a) (i)

2. The highest the percentage concentration of albumen suspension result the longer time needed for the solution to turn colorless.. [3 marks]

(ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observation in 1 (a) (i). 1. The experiment with 10ml of 10% albumen suspension with 10ml of

1% pepsin takes 7 minutes to decolorize. 2. The experiment with 10ml of 20% albumen suspension with 10ml of 1% pepsin takes 12.5 minutes to decolorize.

1(a) (ii)

[3 marks]

(b) Using the information provided in Table 1.1, complete Table 1.2 by recording the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn clear.

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension

Time taken / minutes

10%

7

15%

10

20%

12.5 TABLE 1.2

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1(b)

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For Examiner’s Use

(c) (i) Complete Table 1.3 based on this experiment.

Method to handle the variable

Variable Manipulated variable

Concentration of albumen suspension

By diluting the albumen suspension with distilled water according to the percentage concentration

Responding variable

Time taken for the solution to turn clear

Record time taken

Controlled variable

Fix the temperature

Temperature of water bath

1(c) (i)

TABLE 1.3

(ii)

[3 marks]

The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Thermometer, Stop watch, Albumen suspension, Water bath, Pepsin, Syringe

Complete table 1.4 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Variables

Apparatus

Material

Manipulated

Syringe

Pepsin

Responding

Stop Watch

Albumen

Controlled

Thermometer

Water bath

1(c)(ii)

TABLE 1.4 [3 marks]

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(d) State the hypothesis is for this experiment.

This enzyme function better when percentage concentration of substrate or

For Examiner’s Use

albumen is lower, as amount of enzyme is not enough to catalyse all the substrate 1(d)

quickly enough [3 marks]

(e) (i) Based on table 1.1 construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects: • • •

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension Time/min Rate of enzyme reaction as percentage of albumen converted per minute

Percentage concentration of albumen suspension / %

Time/min

Rate of enzyme -1 reaction /min

10

7

0.143

15

10

0.100

20

12.5

0.080

1(e) (i)

[3 marks] 1(e) (ii) (ii)

On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension. [3 marks]

(iii)

Explain the relationship between the rate of reaction of pepsin and the concentration of albumen suspension based on the graph in 1(e)(ii).

Rate of reaction of pepsin is proportional to concentration of albumen suspension [ 3marks]

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1(e) (iii)

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(f)

For Examiner’s Use

Based on experiment, what can you deduce about this enzyme?.

Enzyme has a higher rate of reaction when in the presence of more substrate. This is because there will be more suitable than enzyme. [3 marks]

1 (f)

(g) The experiment is repeated using the apparatus set up as in Diagram 1.3. The quantities of albumen suspension and pepsin enzyme used are as shown. The experiment is left for one hour.

P, Q, R and S are four possible observation after one hour. Choose one correct observation and explain your choice.

P, because enzyme react with albumen, so cloudy of albumen suspension will turns clear. [3 marks]

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1 (g)

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Graph of rate of reaction of pepsin against the concentration of albumen suspension

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2.

A housewife made fruit pickles using unripe mango. During the preparation, she placed the mango slices in water and later placed them in sugar solution. When the mango slices were in the water, it was found that, the slices became turgid and their sizes increased. But when they placed in the sugar solution, the slices became soft and shrunken. Based on the above situation, plan a laboratory experiment to determine the concentration of sucrose which is isotonic to the cell sap the mango. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: •

Problem statement

•

Aim of investigation

•

Hypothesis

•

Variables

•

List of apparatus and materials

•

Technique used

•

Experimental procedure or method

•

Presentation of data

•

Conclusion

[17 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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STUDENT’S SAMPLE ANSWERS PAPER 3( EXCELLENCE STUDENT )

Problem statement : What is the concentration of sucrose solution which is unchanged in final mass of mango strip? Aim of investigation : To determine the concentration of sucrose solution which is unchanged in final mass of mango strip. Hypothesis Variables

: The mass of mango strip is unchanged when the strips are put into 5% sucrose solution. : Manipulated : Concentration of sucrose solution Responding : Mass of mango strip after experiment Constant : Mass of mango strip before experiment

Apparatus and Materials

: Test tube, stop watch, mango , sucrose solution, distilled water, level balance , cork borer, filter paper

Technique

: Measure the mass of mango strips using level balance

Procedure

: 1 . 5 test tubes are labeled A, B, C, D and E 2 . 10 ml of 5% sucrose solution is poured into a test tube A 3. Strip of mango is cutted and measure for the mass. The mass is measured as 1g . 4. The strip is placed into the test tube. 5. The stop watch is started once the mango strip put in tes tube. 6. The mango strip is removed after 30 minutes and its mass is Measured and record in the table. 7. Step 2-6 is repeated with distilled water, 10% sucrose solution, 15% sucrose solution and 20% sucrose solution . 8. The results are recorded in the table. 9. Plot the graph of concentration of sucrose solution against the mass of potato strips.

Presentation of data Concentration of sucrose solution / %

: Initial Mass of Strip / g

Final mass of Strip / g

Difference in mass of strip / g

Distilled water 5 10 15 20

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STUDENT’S SAMPLE ANSWERS PAPER 3 ( MODERATE STUDENT )

Problem statement : What is the concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to cell sap of the mango ? Aim of investigation : To determine the concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to cell sap of the mango . Hypothesis Variables

Apparatus and Materials

: The mango strip will not change its size in the 0.5% sucrose solution. : Manipulated : Concentration of sucrose solution Responding : Final length of mango strip after experiment Constant : Type of mango : Beaker ,Measuring cylinder stop watch, mango , sucrose solution, distilled water, ruler ,cork borer

Technique

: Measure the length of mango strips using ruler

Procedure

: 1 . 5 test tubes are prepared 2 . Cut a few strips of mango. 3. Measure 20ml of 0.1%% sucrose solution using measuring cylinder and poured into a beaker. 4. Place one of the mango strips into the beaker. 5. Do the same with the other two mango strips, one in 20ml of 0.5% sucrose solution and other in 20ml 1% sucrose solution.. 6. The stop watch is started and taken out an placed on a white tile. 7. All observation were recorded .

Presentation of data Concentration of sucrose solution / %

: Initial Mass of Strip / g

Final mass of Strip Strip / g

Conclusion : The mango strip will not change its size in the 0.5% sucrose solution. Hypothesis is accepted

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STUDENT’S SAMPLE ANSWERS PAPER 3 ( POTENSIAL STUDENT )

Problem statement : Which concentration of sucrose solution is isotonic to cell sap of the mango? Aim of investigation : To investigate the concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to cell sap of the mango . Hypothesis

: 0.5% sucrose solution is isotonic to the cell sap of mango

Variables

: Manipulated : Concentration of sucrose solution Responding : Condition of mango Constant : Volume of sucrose solution

Apparatus and Materials

: Beaker ,Measuring cylinder , microscope, stop watch, mango , sucrose solution, distilled water, ruler ,cork borer

Technique

: Observed condition of cell sap under the microscope.

Procedure

: 1 . 30ml sucrose solution is measured out and 40 ml distilled water is Measured 2. Poured into beakers labelled A and B. 3 . Mango slices are then placed into the beaker. 4. The apparatus is left for an hour. 5. After that, all observation are recorded in the table.

Presentation of data

:

Solution

Condition of cell sap

Sucrose Solution

Flaccid

Distilled water

Turgid

Conclusion : Hypothesis is accepted

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1.7.1 CONTOH PENANDAAN JAWAPAN PELAJAR ( EXCELENCE STUDENT ) 4. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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( MODERATE STUDENT ) 5. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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( POTENSIAL STUDENT ) 6. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of albumen suspension on the rate of reaction of pepsin enzyme. Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students. The time taken for the change in the cloudiness of the albumen suspension is shown in diagram 1.2. The whole experiment in Diagram 1.1 was repeated using different concentrations of albumen suspension. Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment.

OBSERVATION AT THE BEGINNING OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.1

OBSERVATION AT THE END OF EXPERIMENT DIAGRAM 1.2

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Question 2 A housewife made fruit pickles using unripe mango. During the preparation, she placed the mango slices in water and later placed them in sugar solution. When the mango slices were in the water, it was found that, the slices became turgid and their sizes increased. But when they placed in the sugar solution, the slices became soft and shrunken. Based on the above situation, plan a laboratory experiment to determine the concentration of sucrose which is isotonic to the cell sap the mango. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects: •

Problem statement

•

Aim of investigation

•

Hypothesis

•

Variables

•

List of apparatus and materials

•

Technique used

•

Experimental procedure or method

•

Presentation of data

•

Conclusion

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