Ml A Nabiyudemaranam

\_n (k)-bpsS acWw "kakvX a\p-jycpw ac-Wa- m-kz-Zn-t°-≠h - c- m-Ip∂p' ˛Jp¿-B≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ ktµ-i-hp-ambn temI-Øn-\m-I-am\w dlva-Ømbn \nbp-‡-\mb {]hm-N-I-\mWv apl-ΩZv \_n (k). temIm-h-km\w hsc-bp≈ kIe a\p-jycpw k∑m¿K-Øn-\mbn ]n≥]-t‰-≠Xv A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZv \_n (k)sb BWv. P\\w: B\-°e - l h¿jw ({In-kvXp-h¿jw 571 G{]n¬) Xn¶-fmgvN A_vZp-√b - p-tSbpw Ban-\b - p-tSbpw aI\mbn apl-ΩZv \_n (k) a°-bn¬ lminw IpSpw-_Ø - n¬ P\n-®p. Ipd™ Imew kpssh-_bpw ]n∂oSv leo-abpw \_n°v ]meq-´n. sIm®p \mfn¬ BSv ta°p-Ibpw bph-Xz-Øn¬ I®-h-S-Ønte¿s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 25-˛mw hb n¬ Jpssdin {]ap-Jb - mb hn[h JZoP _ohnsb Ah-cpsS 40˛mw hb- n¬ hnhmlw Ign-®p. kXy-k‘ - X - bpw D¬IrjvS Pohn-Xhpw ImcWw A¬ Aao≥ F∂m-bn-cp∂p C°m-eØv \m´p-Im¿ At±-lsØ hnfn-®n-cp-∂X - v. lPdp¬ AkvhZ- ns‚ ]p\¿sh-∏n¬ bphm-hmb apl-ΩZ- ns‚ Xocp-am\w kt¥m-jt- ØmsS kzoI-cn-°m≥ am{Xw At±lw \m´n¬ kzoIm-cy-\m-bn. a°-bn¬ \nd-™p-\n∂ kIe sIm≈-cp-Xm-bva-I-fn¬\n∂pw At±lw hn´p-\n-∂p. \m¬]XmasØ hb- n¬ \p_p-hØv e`n-®p. ]Xn-aq∂v h¿jw a°-bnepw ]ns∂ ]Øp h¿jw aZo-\b - nepw IjvS \jvSß - fpw {]bm-kß - fpw kln®pw Zo\ns\ {]t_m-[\w sNøp-∂X - n¬ Xncp-ta\n hym]r-X\ - m-bn. A√m-lp-hns‚ ktµiw P\-߃°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \nd-th-‰n-b-tXmsS {]hm-NI≥(-k)-bpsS hntbmK e£-Wß - ƒ {]Xy-£s- ∏´p XpS-ßn. Ah-bn¬ NneXv ˛ \_n(-k)-bpsS Ah-km\ da-Zm-\n¬ Ccp-]Xv Znh-ka- mWv Ahn-SØv CA-vXn-Im-^n-cp-∂X - v. ap≥ da-Zm-\p-If- n-enXv ]Øv Znhkw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. klm-_-Øn-t\m-sSm∏w ASpØ h¿jw D≠m-hp-I-bn-s√∂v l÷-Øp¬ hnZm-C¬ {]hm-N-I≥ kqN\ \¬In. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v l÷v I¿a-߃ \∂mbn ]Tn-°m\pw Ah-tcmSv At∂ Znhkw Bh-iy-s∏-´p.-th¿]m-Sns‚ hy‡-amb AS-bm-fa- mbn kqd-Øp-∂k - z¿ Cu ka-bØv Ah-Xo¿W-am-bn. lnPvd ]Xn-s\m∂mw h¿jw k^¿ Bcw-`Ø - n¬ \_n (k) DlvZn-te°v t]mbn. bm{X ]d-bp-Is- bt∂mWw iplZm-°ƒ°mbn {]m¿Yn-®p. XpS¿∂v klm-_n-am-tcm-Smbn \S-Ønb {]kw-KØ - n¬ Ah¿°v aptº t]mhp-Ib - m-sW∂pw lufp¬ Iuk¿ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-™p. F\n°v tijw \n߃ _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I-fm-tb-°psa∂v Rm≥ `b-°p-∂n-√. Zp≥bmhv t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n߃ a’-cn-t®-°p-sa-∂mWv `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX∂pw At±lw XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ klm-_-Øns\ Adn-bn-®p. A∂v ]mXn-cm-hn¬ P∂-Øp¬ _Jo-C-seØn ad-am-S-s∏-´-h-cpsSta¬ kemw ]d™ {]hm-NI - ≥ Ah¿°mbn s]mdp-°e - n-s\-tØ-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tcmK-Øns‚ XpS°w: lnPvd ]Xn-s\m∂v k^¿ 29-˛\v Xn¶-fmgvN P∂-Øp¬ _Jo-C¬ Hcp P\m-kb - n¬ ]s¶-SpØp aS-ßth {]hm-N-I\v ISpØ Xe-th-Z-\bpw ]\nbpw _m[n-®p. h^m-Øns‚ Ah-km\ BgvN: \_n (k)°v tcmKw ISp-Øp. a‰p `mcy-am-cpsS kΩ-Xt- ØmsS Bbni (d)bpsS ho´n-te°v Xmakw am‰n. Bbni (d) apA-∆n-Z-ssØ-\nbpw ZpB-Ifpw HmXn \_n-bpsS ico-c-Øn¬ DuXpIbpw XS-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øp. A©v Znhkw apºv: _p[-\mgvN thZ\ ITn-\a- m-bX - n-s\-Øp-S¿∂v t_m[-£b - a- p-≠m-bn. t_m[w sXfn-™t∏mƒ ico-cØ - n¬ Ggp ]m{Xw sh≈-sam-gn-∏n-®p. t\cnb Bizmkw A\p-`h - s- ∏´ {]hm-NI - ≥ ]≈n-bn-seØn anºdn¬ Ibdn klm-_-Øn\v D]-tZiw \¬In. "{]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS J_-dp-Iƒ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fm-°n-bXp ImcWw blq-Zs- cbpw {InkvXym-\n-It- fbpw A√mlp i]n-s®'∂v Adn-bn® {]hm-NI - ≥(-k) At±-lØ - ns‚ J_¿ Bcm-[\ - me-ba- m-°c- p-sX∂v i‡n-bmbn Bh-iy-s∏-´p. h√-h¿°pw X∂n¬\n∂v A\ymbw D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ ]c-tem-It- Ø°v sh°msX Chn-S∂v Xs∂ {]Xn-Imcw sNøm\pw Bh-iy-s∏-´p. fpldv \a-kI v m-cØ - n\v tijw ho≠pw anº-dn¬ Ibdn CXm-h¿Øn®p. ho´m-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ aq∂v Zn¿lw \¬Im≥ G¿∏m-Sm-°n. A≥kzm-dp-I-tfmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn°m≥ D]-tZ-in-®p. A√m-lp-hns‚ ]°-ep-≈Xv sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ib - mWv ssZh-Zm-k\ - mb Xms\∂v Adn-bn-®p. A_q_-°¿ (d) Ckvem-an\v sNbvX tkh-\ß - fpw kln® IjvS∏ - m-Sp-Ifpw Imc-WØ - m¬ At±l-tØm-Sp≈ kvtl\-sØ∏‰n ]cm-a¿in® \_n (k) BZ¿i _‘-amWv G‰hpw {][m-\s- ∏-´s- X∂pw hy‡-am-°n. \mev Znhkw apºv: hymgmgvN ho≠pw tcmKw IqSp-Xe - m-bn. aZo-\b - n¬\n∂v blq-Zt- cbpw {InkvXym-\n-It- fbpw apivcn°p-It- fbpw ]pd-Øm-°p-I, Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-I, \a-kI v mcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne-\n¿ØpI F∂o Imcy-ß-sf-∏‰n {]tXyIw hkzn-bØv sNbvXp. Cim Bb-t∏m-tg°v thZ\ ho≠pw IqSn. ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mIm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-∂X - n-\m¬ A_q-_° - ¿ (d) BWv \_n(-k)-bpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw Cim°v Cam-aØv \n∂-Xv. h^m-Øns‚ c≠v Znhkw apºv: t\cnb Bizmkw A\p-`-h-s∏-´-t∏mƒ c≠v t]cpsS klm-b-tØm-sS ]≈n-bn-seØn Cam-am-bn-cp∂ A_q-_° - ¿ (d)-hns‚ CS-Xp-`m-KØv \a-kvIm-cØ - n\v t\XrXzw \¬In.

Hcp Znhkw apºv: Xs‚ ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-®p. ssIbn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ggv Zn\mdpw ]S-t°m∏pw Zm\w \¬In. Cu ka-bØv {]hm-NI - s‚ A¶n Hcp PqXs‚ ]°¬ ]W-ba- m-bn-cp-∂p. (A∂v IØn-°m-\p≈ FÆ ISw-hm-ßpI-bmWv sNbvXX - )v . Ah-km\ Znhkw: Xn¶-fmgvN apkvenw-Iƒ {]`mX \a-kvImcw A_q-_° - ¿ (d)-s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \n¿h-ln°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-NI - ≥ ho´nse hncn \o°n Ahsc t\m°n ]p©ncn XqIn. ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mIm-\m-hm-Xncp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahn-S∂v ho´n¬ Xs∂ Xßn. fplm \a-kvImc ka-b-am-b-t∏mƒ ^mXzn-a(-d)sb hnfn®v acWw ASpsØ∂pw IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂v BZyw Xt∂m-sSm∏w tNcpI Ah-cm-sW∂pw kzImcyw ]d™ {]hm-N-I≥ kv{XoIfpsS t\Xm-hmWv Ah-sc∂pw kt¥mj hm¿Ø Adn-bn-®p. \_n(-k)-bpsS acW thZ\ I≠v hnj-an® ^mXzn-a(-d)sb kam-[m-\n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v {]hm-NI - ≥ ]d™p ˛"tamtf, CXn\v tijw D∏m°v bmsXmcp thZ-\bpw hnj-ahpw A\p-`hn-t°-≠n-hc- n-√.' lk≥, lpssk≥ (d) F∂n-hsc DΩ sh®p-sIm≠v Ah-tcmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°m≥ hkznbØv sNbvXp. `mcy-am¿°v {]tXyIw D]-tZ-i-߃ \¬In. \_n°v thZ\ IqSn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ hogvN kw`-hn-°c- p-sX∂pw ASn-aI - t- fmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°W - s- a∂pw ho≠pw hkzn-bØv sNbvXp. acWw Bk-∂-ambn: Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬ \_n(-k) Bbni (d)-bn-te°v Nmcn-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Nh®v ]Xw hcpØn \¬Inb ankvhm°v sIm≠v \∂mbn ]√v tX®p. sh≈-Øn¬ CS-°nsS Icw ap°n kzi-cocw XS-hn-s°m≠n-cp∂ {]hm-NI - ≥ "em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂v Dcp-hn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw ac-WØ - n\v h√mØ thZ-\b - m-Wp-≈sX∂v Bh¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnc¬ apI-fn-te°v Nq≠nb Xncp-ta\n Atßm´v Xs∂ t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ Np≠p-Iƒ sas√ Nen-®p. Bbni (d) \_n-bpsS Npt≠m-S-SpØv sNhn tN¿Øv {i≤n-®-t∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂-XmWv tI´-Xv ˛"]S-®-h-t\, \o A\p-{K-ln® {]hm-N-I-cp-tSbpw kn≤o-Jp-I-fp-tSbpw kzmen-lo-ß-fp-tSbpw ipl-Zm-°-fp-tSbpw IqsS Fs∂ \o tN¿t°-W-ta, F\n°v s]mdpØp Xcn-Ibpw Ft∂mSv IcpW ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wt- a. D∂X ÿm\o-bc- mb B al-Øp-°f- n-te°v Fs∂ Db¿Ø-Wta'. Ah-km\ hmNIw aq∂v {]mhiyw Ahn-S∂v Bh¿Øn-®p. AtXmsS Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS Icw kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ Xmgv∂p. Np≠p-Iƒ \n›-ea- m-bn. d_n-D¬ A∆¬ 12 Xn¶-fmgvN fplm ka-bØv alm-\mb {]hm-NI - ≥(-k) Cu temI-tØmSv hnS-]d- ™p ˛C∂m en√mln h C∂m Csseln dmPn-Du≥. h^m-Øm-Ip-tºmƒ {]hm-NI - s‚ {]mbw 63 hb pw 4 Znh-kh - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. h^m-Øn\v tijw Jeo-^sb sXc-s™-SpØv aq∂m-asØ Znhkw Xncp icocw \·-am-°msXXs∂ Ipfn∏n®v I^≥ sNbvXv P\mk \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw Bbn-i(-d)-bpsS ho´n¬ Xs∂ ad-am-Sn. BZyw IpSpw-_hpw ]ns∂ aplm-Pn-dp-Ifpw XpS¿∂v A≥kzm-dp-Ifpw tijw Ip´n-Ifpw hgnsb kv{XoIfpw sIm®p sIm®p kwL-ßf- m-bn-´mWv \a-kvIc- n-®X - v. AXp-hsc hnip≤ tZlw apdn-°p-≈n¬ hmXn-eS- ®v sh°-s∏´ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ `mcy-am¿: Jpssh-enZv aIƒ JZo-P, kwA aIƒ kuZ, A_q-_° - ¿ aIƒ Bbn-i, Da¿ aIƒ l^vkØ - ,v Jpsska aIƒ ssk\-_, A_q Daø aIƒ DΩp-ke - a- Ø - ,v Plviv aIƒ Ppssh-cn-bØ - ,v A_q kp^vbm≥ aIƒ DΩp l_o_ dwe-Øv, lmcnkv aIƒ ssaaq-\Øv (d-fn-b≈ - mlp A≥lp-∂) ASna Ppssh-cnø (d) {]hm-N-Is‚ a°ƒ: ssk\-_, dpJn-b, DΩp Ip¬kp, ^mXzn-a, C{_m-lnw, Jmknw, A_vZp-√. B¨ a°sf√mw Ip´n {]mb-Øn¬ Xs∂ ac-Ws- ∏-´p. {]hm-N-I-t\m-Sp≈ IS-a-Iƒ: A√m-lp-hns\ Ign-™m¬ \_n(k)sb a‰m-tc-°mfpw kvt\ln-°p-I. Jp¿B\pw kp∂Øpw ]Tn-°pI. Jp¿-B-\n\pw {]hm-N-Is‚ am¿K \n¿tZ-i-߃°p-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-I, Xncp-ta\nsb hgn-Im-´nbpw amXr-Ib - p-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-I, {]hm-NI - s\ ]d-bp-tºmƒ kzemØv sNm√p-I. auen-Zm-tLmjw: \_n-bpsS P∑-Zn-\m-tLmjw Jp¿-Bt\m kp∂tØm ]Tn-∏n-®-X-√. klm-_tØm Xm_n-DItfm Cam-ao-ßtfm ke-^p-kzm-en-lo-ßtfm sNbvXv amXrI ImWn-®X - p-a√ - . C_v\p lP-dp¬ AkvJe - m\n (d) ]d-bp∂p ˛au-en-Zm-tLmjw _nZvA - Ø - m-Wv. D¬Ir-jvSs- a∂v \_n(-k) ]d™ aq∂v \q‰m-≠nse kze-^p-kzm-en-lo-ßf- n¬\n∂v auen-Zm-tLmjw D≤-cn-°s- ∏-´n-´n-√. (A¬ lmho en¬^-Xm-hm). ^X-lp¬ apCu-\ns‚ lminb Cl-\Ø - p-Øzm-en-_o-\n¬ ]d-bp∂p ˛Camw kJm^n ]d-bp-∂p. \n›-ba- mbpw Cu auen-Zm-tLmjw \S-Øp∂ G¿∏mSv lnPvd aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v tijw ]pXp-Xm-bp-≠mb Imcy-am-Wv. X^vko-dp¬ a\m-dn¬ ]d-bp∂p ˛\-_n-bpsS auen-Zm-tLmjw Bdmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\Ø - ntem Ggmw \q‰m≠ns‚ Bcw-`Ø - ntem XpS-ßn-bX - m-Wv. alm-\mb Camw ^mI-lm\n auen-Zm-tLm-jØ - n\v sXfn-hn-s√∂pw AXv Xo‰s°m-Xn-b∑ - m-cp-≠m-°nb _nZvA - Ø - m-sW∂pw ]d-™X - mbn Camw knbqXzn (d) D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ssiJv C_v\p-_m-kn-s\-t∏msebp≈ B[p-\nI ]fin-Xcpw auen-Zm-tLmjw _nZvA - Ø - m-sW∂pw h¿Pn-t°≠-Xm-sW∂pw ^Xvh \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. BCi (d) ]d-bp∂p ˛d-kq¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS C°m-cy-Øn¬ (Zo-\n¬) AXn-en-√mØ h√Xpw Bsc-¶nepw ]pXp-Xmbn D≠m-°n-bm¬ AXv X≈-s∏-tS-≠X - m-Ip∂p (l-Zo-kv). {]km-[\w: Imƒ B‚v ssKU≥kv, k\m-C-b, Pn±, kuZn Atd_y

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ss^k-enø ]p\x-{]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

\_n (k)-bpsS acWw "kakvX a\p-jycpw ac-Wa- m-kz-Zn-t°-≠h - c- m-Ip∂p' ˛Jp¿-B≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ ktµ-i-hp-ambn temI-Øn-\m-I-am\w dlva-Ømbn \nbp-‡-\mb {]hm-N-I-\mWv apl-ΩZv \_n (k). temIm-h-km\w hsc-bp≈ kIe a\p-jycpw k∑m¿K-Øn-\mbn ]n≥]-t‰-≠Xv A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZv \_n (k)sb BWv. P\\w: B\-°e - l h¿jw ({In-kvXp-h¿jw 571 G{]n¬) Xn¶-fmgvN A_vZp-√b - p-tSbpw Ban-\b - p-tSbpw aI\mbn apl-ΩZv \_n (k) a°-bn¬ lminw IpSpw-_Ø - n¬ P\n-®p. Ipd™ Imew kpssh-_bpw ]n∂oSv leo-abpw \_n°v ]meq-´n. sIm®p \mfn¬ BSv ta°p-Ibpw bph-Xz-Øn¬ I®-h-S-Ønte¿s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 25-˛mw hb n¬ Jpssdin {]ap-Jb - mb hn[h JZoP _ohnsb Ah-cpsS 40˛mw hb- n¬ hnhmlw Ign-®p. kXy-k‘ - X - bpw D¬IrjvS Pohn-Xhpw ImcWw A¬ Aao≥ F∂m-bn-cp∂p C°m-eØv \m´p-Im¿ At±-lsØ hnfn-®n-cp-∂X - v. lPdp¬ AkvhZ- ns‚ ]p\¿sh-∏n¬ bphm-hmb apl-ΩZ- ns‚ Xocp-am\w kt¥m-jt- ØmsS kzoI-cn-°m≥ am{Xw At±lw \m´n¬ kzoIm-cy-\m-bn. a°-bn¬ \nd-™p-\n∂ kIe sIm≈-cp-Xm-bva-I-fn¬\n∂pw At±lw hn´p-\n-∂p. \m¬]XmasØ hb- n¬ \p_p-hØv e`n-®p. ]Xn-aq∂v h¿jw a°-bnepw ]ns∂ ]Øp h¿jw aZo-\b - nepw IjvS \jvSß - fpw {]bm-kß - fpw kln®pw Zo\ns\ {]t_m-[\w sNøp-∂X - n¬ Xncp-ta\n hym]r-X\ - m-bn. A√m-lp-hns‚ ktµiw P\-߃°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \nd-th-‰n-b-tXmsS {]hm-NI≥(-k)-bpsS hntbmK e£-Wß - ƒ {]Xy-£s- ∏´p XpS-ßn. Ah-bn¬ NneXv ˛ \_n(-k)-bpsS Ah-km\ da-Zm-\n¬ Ccp-]Xv Znh-ka- mWv Ahn-SØv CA-vXn-Im-^n-cp-∂X - v. ap≥ da-Zm-\p-If- n-enXv ]Øv Znhkw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. klm-_-Øn-t\m-sSm∏w ASpØ h¿jw D≠m-hp-I-bn-s√∂v l÷-Øp¬ hnZm-C¬ {]hm-N-I≥ kqN\ \¬In. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v l÷v I¿a-߃ \∂mbn ]Tn-°m\pw Ah-tcmSv At∂ Znhkw Bh-iy-s∏-´p.-th¿]m-Sns‚ hy‡-amb AS-bm-fa- mbn kqd-Øp-∂k - z¿ Cu ka-bØv Ah-Xo¿W-am-bn. lnPvd ]Xn-s\m∂mw h¿jw k^¿ Bcw-`Ø - n¬ \_n (k) DlvZn-te°v t]mbn. bm{X ]d-bp-Is- bt∂mWw iplZm-°ƒ°mbn {]m¿Yn-®p. XpS¿∂v klm-_n-am-tcm-Smbn \S-Ønb {]kw-KØ - n¬ Ah¿°v aptº t]mhp-Ib - m-sW∂pw lufp¬ Iuk¿ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-™p. F\n°v tijw \n߃ _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I-fm-tb-°psa∂v Rm≥ `b-°p-∂n-√. Zp≥bmhv t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n߃ a’-cn-t®-°p-sa-∂mWv `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX∂pw At±lw XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬ klm-_-Øns\ Adn-bn-®p. A∂v ]mXn-cm-hn¬ P∂-Øp¬ _Jo-C-seØn ad-am-S-s∏-´-h-cpsSta¬ kemw ]d™ {]hm-NI - ≥ Ah¿°mbn s]mdp-°e - n-s\-tØ-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tcmK-Øns‚ XpS°w: lnPvd ]Xn-s\m∂v k^¿ 29-˛\v Xn¶-fmgvN P∂-Øp¬ _Jo-C¬ Hcp P\m-kb - n¬ ]s¶-SpØp aS-ßth {]hm-N-I\v ISpØ Xe-th-Z-\bpw ]\nbpw _m[n-®p. h^m-Øns‚ Ah-km\ BgvN: \_n (k)°v tcmKw ISp-Øp. a‰p `mcy-am-cpsS kΩ-Xt- ØmsS Bbni (d)bpsS ho´n-te°v Xmakw am‰n. Bbni (d) apA-∆n-Z-ssØ-\nbpw ZpB-Ifpw HmXn \_n-bpsS ico-c-Øn¬ DuXpIbpw XS-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øp. A©v Znhkw apºv: _p[-\mgvN thZ\ ITn-\a- m-bX - n-s\-Øp-S¿∂v t_m[-£b - a- p-≠m-bn. t_m[w sXfn-™t∏mƒ ico-cØ - n¬ Ggp ]m{Xw sh≈-sam-gn-∏n-®p. t\cnb Bizmkw A\p-`h - s- ∏´ {]hm-NI - ≥ ]≈n-bn-seØn anºdn¬ Ibdn klm-_-Øn\v D]-tZiw \¬In. "{]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS J_-dp-Iƒ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fm-°n-bXp ImcWw blq-Zs- cbpw {InkvXym-\n-It- fbpw A√mlp i]n-s®'∂v Adn-bn® {]hm-NI - ≥(-k) At±-lØ - ns‚ J_¿ Bcm-[\ - me-ba- m-°c- p-sX∂v i‡n-bmbn Bh-iy-s∏-´p. h√-h¿°pw X∂n¬\n∂v A\ymbw D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ ]c-tem-It- Ø°v sh°msX Chn-S∂v Xs∂ {]Xn-Imcw sNøm\pw Bh-iy-s∏-´p. fpldv \a-kI v m-cØ - n\v tijw ho≠pw anº-dn¬ Ibdn CXm-h¿Øn®p. ho´m-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ aq∂v Zn¿lw \¬Im≥ G¿∏m-Sm-°n. A≥kzm-dp-I-tfmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn°m≥ D]-tZ-in-®p. A√m-lp-hns‚ ]°-ep-≈Xv sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ib - mWv ssZh-Zm-k\ - mb Xms\∂v Adn-bn-®p. A_q_-°¿ (d) Ckvem-an\v sNbvX tkh-\ß - fpw kln® IjvS∏ - m-Sp-Ifpw Imc-WØ - m¬ At±l-tØm-Sp≈ kvtl\-sØ∏‰n ]cm-a¿in® \_n (k) BZ¿i _‘-amWv G‰hpw {][m-\s- ∏-´s- X∂pw hy‡-am-°n. \mev Znhkw apºv: hymgmgvN ho≠pw tcmKw IqSp-Xe - m-bn. aZo-\b - n¬\n∂v blq-Zt- cbpw {InkvXym-\n-It- fbpw apivcn°p-It- fbpw ]pd-Øm-°p-I, Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-I, \a-kI v mcw apd-{]-Imcw \ne-\n¿ØpI F∂o Imcy-ß-sf-∏‰n {]tXyIw hkzn-bØv sNbvXp. Cim Bb-t∏m-tg°v thZ\ ho≠pw IqSn. ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mIm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-∂X - n-\m¬ A_q-_° - ¿ (d) BWv \_n(-k)-bpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw Cim°v Cam-aØv \n∂-Xv. h^m-Øns‚ c≠v Znhkw apºv: t\cnb Bizmkw A\p-`-h-s∏-´-t∏mƒ c≠v t]cpsS klm-b-tØm-sS ]≈n-bn-seØn Cam-am-bn-cp∂ A_q-_° - ¿ (d)-hns‚ CS-Xp-`m-KØv \a-kvIm-cØ - n\v t\XrXzw \¬In.

Hcp Znhkw apºv: Xs‚ ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-®p. ssIbn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ggv Zn\mdpw ]S-t°m∏pw Zm\w \¬In. Cu ka-bØv {]hm-NI - s‚ A¶n Hcp PqXs‚ ]°¬ ]W-ba- m-bn-cp-∂p. (A∂v IØn-°m-\p≈ FÆ ISw-hm-ßpI-bmWv sNbvXX - )v . Ah-km\ Znhkw: Xn¶-fmgvN apkvenw-Iƒ {]`mX \a-kvImcw A_q-_° - ¿ (d)-s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \n¿h-ln°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-NI - ≥ ho´nse hncn \o°n Ahsc t\m°n ]p©ncn XqIn. ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mIm-\m-hm-Xncp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahn-S∂v ho´n¬ Xs∂ Xßn. fplm \a-kvImc ka-b-am-b-t∏mƒ ^mXzn-a(-d)sb hnfn®v acWw ASpsØ∂pw IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂v BZyw Xt∂m-sSm∏w tNcpI Ah-cm-sW∂pw kzImcyw ]d™ {]hm-N-I≥ kv{XoIfpsS t\Xm-hmWv Ah-sc∂pw kt¥mj hm¿Ø Adn-bn-®p. \_n(-k)-bpsS acW thZ\ I≠v hnj-an® ^mXzn-a(-d)sb kam-[m-\n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v {]hm-NI - ≥ ]d™p ˛"tamtf, CXn\v tijw D∏m°v bmsXmcp thZ-\bpw hnj-ahpw A\p-`hn-t°-≠n-hc- n-√.' lk≥, lpssk≥ (d) F∂n-hsc DΩ sh®p-sIm≠v Ah-tcmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°m≥ hkznbØv sNbvXp. `mcy-am¿°v {]tXyIw D]-tZ-i-߃ \¬In. \_n°v thZ\ IqSn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ hogvN kw`-hn-°c- p-sX∂pw ASn-aI - t- fmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°W - s- a∂pw ho≠pw hkzn-bØv sNbvXp. acWw Bk-∂-ambn: Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬ \_n(-k) Bbni (d)-bn-te°v Nmcn-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Nh®v ]Xw hcpØn \¬Inb ankvhm°v sIm≠v \∂mbn ]√v tX®p. sh≈-Øn¬ CS-°nsS Icw ap°n kzi-cocw XS-hn-s°m≠n-cp∂ {]hm-NI - ≥ "em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂v Dcp-hn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw ac-WØ - n\v h√mØ thZ-\b - m-Wp-≈sX∂v Bh¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnc¬ apI-fn-te°v Nq≠nb Xncp-ta\n Atßm´v Xs∂ t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ Np≠p-Iƒ sas√ Nen-®p. Bbni (d) \_n-bpsS Npt≠m-S-SpØv sNhn tN¿Øv {i≤n-®-t∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂-XmWv tI´-Xv ˛"]S-®-h-t\, \o A\p-{K-ln® {]hm-N-I-cp-tSbpw kn≤o-Jp-I-fp-tSbpw kzmen-lo-ß-fp-tSbpw ipl-Zm-°-fp-tSbpw IqsS Fs∂ \o tN¿t°-W-ta, F\n°v s]mdpØp Xcn-Ibpw Ft∂mSv IcpW ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wt- a. D∂X ÿm\o-bc- mb B al-Øp-°f- n-te°v Fs∂ Db¿Ø-Wta'. Ah-km\ hmNIw aq∂v {]mhiyw Ahn-S∂v Bh¿Øn-®p. AtXmsS Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS Icw kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ Xmgv∂p. Np≠p-Iƒ \n›-ea- m-bn. d_n-D¬ A∆¬ 12 Xn¶-fmgvN fplm ka-bØv alm-\mb {]hm-NI - ≥(-k) Cu temI-tØmSv hnS-]d- ™p ˛C∂m en√mln h C∂m Csseln dmPn-Du≥. h^m-Øm-Ip-tºmƒ {]hm-NI - s‚ {]mbw 63 hb pw 4 Znh-kh - p-am-bn-cp-∂p. h^m-Øn\v tijw Jeo-^sb sXc-s™-SpØv aq∂m-asØ Znhkw Xncp icocw \·-am-°msXXs∂ Ipfn∏n®v I^≥ sNbvXv P\mk \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw Bbn-i(-d)-bpsS ho´n¬ Xs∂ ad-am-Sn. BZyw IpSpw-_hpw ]ns∂ aplm-Pn-dp-Ifpw XpS¿∂v A≥kzm-dp-Ifpw tijw Ip´n-Ifpw hgnsb kv{XoIfpw sIm®p sIm®p kwL-ßf- m-bn-´mWv \a-kvIc- n-®X - v. AXp-hsc hnip≤ tZlw apdn-°p-≈n¬ hmXn-eS- ®v sh°-s∏´ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ `mcy-am¿: Jpssh-enZv aIƒ JZo-P, kwA aIƒ kuZ, A_q-_° - ¿ aIƒ Bbn-i, Da¿ aIƒ l^vkØ - ,v Jpsska aIƒ ssk\-_, A_q Daø aIƒ DΩp-ke - a- Ø - ,v Plviv aIƒ Ppssh-cn-bØ - ,v A_q kp^vbm≥ aIƒ DΩp l_o_ dwe-Øv, lmcnkv aIƒ ssaaq-\Øv (d-fn-b≈ - mlp A≥lp-∂) ASna Ppssh-cnø (d) {]hm-N-Is‚ a°ƒ: ssk\-_, dpJn-b, DΩp Ip¬kp, ^mXzn-a, C{_m-lnw, Jmknw, A_vZp-√. B¨ a°sf√mw Ip´n {]mb-Øn¬ Xs∂ ac-Ws- ∏-´p. {]hm-N-I-t\m-Sp≈ IS-a-Iƒ: A√m-lp-hns\ Ign-™m¬ \_n(k)sb a‰m-tc-°mfpw kvt\ln-°p-I. Jp¿B\pw kp∂Øpw ]Tn-°pI. Jp¿-B-\n\pw {]hm-N-Is‚ am¿K \n¿tZ-i-߃°p-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-I, Xncp-ta\nsb hgn-Im-´nbpw amXr-Ib - p-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-I, {]hm-NI - s\ ]d-bp-tºmƒ kzemØv sNm√p-I. auen-Zm-tLmjw: \_n-bpsS P∑-Zn-\m-tLmjw Jp¿-Bt\m kp∂tØm ]Tn-∏n-®-X-√. klm-_tØm Xm_n-DItfm Cam-ao-ßtfm ke-^p-kzm-en-lo-ßtfm sNbvXv amXrI ImWn-®X - p-a√ - . C_v\p lP-dp¬ AkvJe - m\n (d) ]d-bp∂p ˛au-en-Zm-tLmjw _nZvA - Ø - m-Wv. D¬Ir-jvSs- a∂v \_n(-k) ]d™ aq∂v \q‰m-≠nse kze-^p-kzm-en-lo-ßf- n¬\n∂v auen-Zm-tLmjw D≤-cn-°s- ∏-´n-´n-√. (A¬ lmho en¬^-Xm-hm). ^X-lp¬ apCu-\ns‚ lminb Cl-\Ø - p-Øzm-en-_o-\n¬ ]d-bp∂p ˛Camw kJm^n ]d-bp-∂p. \n›-ba- mbpw Cu auen-Zm-tLmjw \S-Øp∂ G¿∏mSv lnPvd aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v tijw ]pXp-Xm-bp-≠mb Imcy-am-Wv. X^vko-dp¬ a\m-dn¬ ]d-bp∂p ˛\-_n-bpsS auen-Zm-tLmjw Bdmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\Ø - ntem Ggmw \q‰m≠ns‚ Bcw-`Ø - ntem XpS-ßn-bX - m-Wv. alm-\mb Camw ^mI-lm\n auen-Zm-tLm-jØ - n\v sXfn-hn-s√∂pw AXv Xo‰s°m-Xn-b∑ - m-cp-≠m-°nb _nZvA - Ø - m-sW∂pw ]d-™X - mbn Camw knbqXzn (d) D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ssiJv C_v\p-_m-kn-s\-t∏msebp≈ B[p-\nI ]fin-Xcpw auen-Zm-tLmjw _nZvA - Ø - m-sW∂pw h¿Pn-t°≠-Xm-sW∂pw ^Xvh \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. BCi (d) ]d-bp∂p ˛d-kq¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS C°m-cy-Øn¬ (Zo-\n¬) AXn-en-√mØ h√Xpw Bsc-¶nepw ]pXp-Xmbn D≠m-°n-bm¬ AXv X≈-s∏-tS-≠X - m-Ip∂p (l-Zo-kv). {]km-[\w: Imƒ B‚v ssKU≥kv, k\m-C-b, Pn±, kuZn Atd_y

ss^k-enø ]p\x-{]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

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