Mis Lecture 3
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Introduction to MIS College of Statistical and Actuarial Science University of the Punjab
Outline ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
What is MIS? Why MIS is Important? What are e-commerce and e-business? What do Managers do? Business & Technology Trends Re-engineering: Altering the Rules Management and Decision Levels An Introduction to Strategy Cases: Fast Food Industry Appendix: Finding Information
Introduction to MIS
2
What is MIS? ¾
Information
¾
Management Information System
¾
Data that has been put into a meaningful and useful context.
A combination of computers and people that is used to provide information to aid in making decisions and managing a firm.
Information Technology (IT)
Introduction to MIS
3
Goal of This Class ¾
How can MIS help you do your job?
¾
Understand the technology. Analyze business problems. An introduction to systems analysis. Identify types of problems that MIS can help solve through cases. Ability to classify problems. Know when to call for help.
¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
Introduction to MIS
4
Why is MIS Important? ¾
MIS affects all areas of business
¾
Manufacturing Accounting & Finance Human resources Marketing Top management
Performance evaluations—expectations
Introduction to MIS
5
What are e-Commerce and e-Business ¾
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
¾
Business-to-Business (B2B)
¾
Selling retail products to consumers Selling at the wholesale level to other businesses
E-Business
Using Internet technologies to conduct any level of business E-Commerce Intranets Most areas of MIS
Introduction to MIS
6
What do Managers do? ¾
Traditional
¾
Mintzberg
¾
Organizing Planning Control Interpersonal Informational Decisional
Luthans
Traditional Formal Communication Networking
Introduction to MIS
50% 30% 20%
7
Meetings
Managers and professionals spend considerable time in meetings. Providing support for teamwork and group decisions is an important issues in MIS.
Introduction to MIS
8
Making Decisions ¾ ¾
Methodology v Ad Hoc Decisions Decision Process
Collect Data Identify Problems & Opportunities Make Choices
1
Introduction to MIS
2
3
9
Importance of MIS
Computer world 2006*
IS budget as percent of revenue 6 5
%
4 3 2
Utilities
Trans.
Sales
Pharm.
Manuf.
Industrial
Financial
Consumer
Aerospace
0
Petroleum
1
*1997-2000 data is distorted by Y2k work. Introduction to MIS
10
Computerworld 1993
Everyone Uses Computers
Percent of employees with PC/terminal 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Introduction to MIS
Utilities
Trans.
Sales
Pharm.
Manuf.
Industrial
Financial
Consumer
Aerospace
10 0
Petroleum
30 20
11
Traditional Management
CEO
Commands
VP Finance
VP Marketing
VP Accounting
Condensed reports
VP HRM
VP MIS
Analyze data
Layers of middle managers
Collect data
Customers
Introduction to MIS
12
Decentralization Management Team CEO VP Fin
VP Mrkt
VP Acct
VP HRM
VP MIS
Strategy Finance Team
Marketing Team
Sales Team
Accounting Team
Methodology/Rules
HRM Team
Corporate Database & Network
Franchise
Customers
Introduction to MIS
13
Business Trends ¾
Changing business environment
¾
Specialization Management by Methodology and Franchises Mergers Decentralization and Small Business Temporary Workers Internationalization Service-Oriented Business Re-engineering
Need for faster responses and flexibility
Introduction to MIS
14
¾
Specialization
¾
Reduction of middle management Increased data sharing Increased analysis by top management Computer support for rules Re-engineering
Mergers
¾
Increased demand for technical skills Specialized MIS tools Increased communication
Methodology & Franchises
¾
Business Trends & Implications
Larger companies Need for control and information Economies of scale
Decentralization & Small Business
Communication needs Lower cost of management tasks Low maintenance technology
Introduction to MIS
15
Business Trends & Implications ¾
Temporary Workers
¾
Internationalization
¾
Managing through rules Finding and evaluating workers Coordination and control Personal advancement through technology Security Communication Product design System development and programming Sales and marketing
Service Orientation
Management jobs are information jobs Customer service requires better information Speed
Introduction to MIS
16
Changing Business Environment ¾
US History:Farmer Laborer Management Year
Farm
Mfg
Mgt
1920
29%
44%
22%
6%
1940
23
38
30
8
1960
9
36
43
12
1980
3
32
52
13
2000
3
25
59
14
Introduction to MIS
Service
17
US Employment Patterns US Employment Patterns 160
millions of workers
140 120 100 80 60
Service Management Manufacturing Farm
40 20 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Introduction to MIS
18
Internationalization US Merchandise Trade 1400
$ billion
1200 1000
Imports
800
Exports
600 400 200
Introduction to MIS
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
1930
1925
1920
0
19
Business Trend
Implications for Technology
Specialization
1.Increased demand for technical skills 2.Specialized MIS tools 3.Increased communication
Methodology & Franchises
1.Reduction of middle management 2.Increased data sharing 3.Increased analysis by top management 4.Computer support for rules 5.Re-engineering
Mergers
1.Four or five big firms dominate most industries 2.Need for communication 3.Strategic ties to customers and suppliers
Decentralization & Small Business
1.Communication needs 2.Lower cost of management tasks 3.Low maintenance technology
Temporary Workers
1.Managing through rules 2.Finding and evaluating workers 3.Coordination and control 4.Personal advancement through technology 5.Security
Internationalization
1.Communication 2.Product design 3.System development and programming 4.Sales and marketing
Service Orientation
1.Management jobs are information jobs 2.Customer service requires better information 3.Speed
Introduction to MIS
Business Trend Summary
20
Business Operations
Introduction to MIS
Pr Tra oc ns es ac s C tion on tro l
Tactical Management
DS ES S
Strategic Mgt.
EI S
MIS Organization
21
Operations, Tactics,Strategy Sector
Operations
Production
• Machine settings • Worker schedules • Maintenance sch. • Categorize assets • Assign expenses • Produce reports • Reward salespeople • Survey customers • Monitor promotions
Accounting
Marketing
Introduction to MIS
Tactics • Rearrange work area • Schedule new products • Change inventory method • Inventory valuation • Depreciation method • Finance short/long term • Determine pricing • Promotional campaigns • Select marketing media
Strategy • New factory • New products • New industry • New GL system • Debt vs. equity • International taxes • Monitor competitors • New products • New markets
22
Decision Levels Decision Level
Description
Example
Type of Information
Strategic
Competitive advantage, become a market leader. Long-term outlook.
New product that will change the industry.
External events, rivals, sales, costs quality, trends.
Tactical
Improving operations without restructuring the company.
New tools to cut costs or improve efficiency.
Expenses, schedules, sales, models, forecasts.
Operations
Day-to-day actions to keep the company functioning.
Scheduling Transactions, employees, accounting, human ordering supplies. resource management, inventory.
Introduction to MIS
23
Introduction to Strategy ¾ ¾ ¾
Risk & Reward Creativity Porter’s External Agents
Customers Suppliers Competitors Government
Introduction to MIS
24
Baxter/Strategy Typical Supply Relationship Hospital Shaukat Khanam Hospital
Supply Closets
Supplier
Warehouse Supplier
Supply storeroom
Supplier
Introduction to MIS
25
Baxter/Strategy AHS/Baxter Computer Link Hospital
Shaukat Khanam Hospital
Monitor Usage data Supply Closets
Deliver Supplies as needed Free space
Supplier Nestle
Computer Warehouse Supplier
Accurate usage data
Supplier
Introduction to MIS
26
Strategy/Porter Threat of New Entrants
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Rivalry Among Existing Competitors
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Threat of Substitute Products or Services
Introduction to MIS
27
Strategy/Organization ¾
Strength
Source of strength Value of strength How can it be developed? What could undermine it? Development costs Additional benefits (opportunities)
Introduction to MIS
¾
Weaknesses
Effect on company Possible solutions Cost of solution Result and cost of leaving as-is (do nothing)
28
Cases: Fast Food Industry
McDonald’s uses a considerable amount of information technology to maintain consistency, monitor employees, and track sales.
Introduction to MIS
29
Cases: McDonald’s www.mcdonalds.com
What is the company’s current status? What is the Internet strategy? How does the company use information technology? What are the prospects for the industry? Introduction to MIS
30
Outline ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
What is MIS? Why MIS is Important? What are e-commerce and e-business? What do Managers do? Business & Technology Trends Re-engineering: Altering the Rules Management and Decision Levels An Introduction to Strategy Cases: Fast Food Industry Appendix: Finding Information
Introduction to MIS
2
What is MIS? ¾
Information
¾
Management Information System
¾
Data that has been put into a meaningful and useful context.
A combination of computers and people that is used to provide information to aid in making decisions and managing a firm.
Information Technology (IT)
Introduction to MIS
3
Goal of This Class ¾
How can MIS help you do your job?
¾
Understand the technology. Analyze business problems. An introduction to systems analysis. Identify types of problems that MIS can help solve through cases. Ability to classify problems. Know when to call for help.
¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
Introduction to MIS
4
Why is MIS Important? ¾
MIS affects all areas of business
¾
Manufacturing Accounting & Finance Human resources Marketing Top management
Performance evaluations—expectations
Introduction to MIS
5
What are e-Commerce and e-Business ¾
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
¾
Business-to-Business (B2B)
¾
Selling retail products to consumers Selling at the wholesale level to other businesses
E-Business
Using Internet technologies to conduct any level of business E-Commerce Intranets Most areas of MIS
Introduction to MIS
6
What do Managers do? ¾
Traditional
¾
Mintzberg
¾
Organizing Planning Control Interpersonal Informational Decisional
Luthans
Traditional Formal Communication Networking
Introduction to MIS
50% 30% 20%
7
Meetings
Managers and professionals spend considerable time in meetings. Providing support for teamwork and group decisions is an important issues in MIS.
Introduction to MIS
8
Making Decisions ¾ ¾
Methodology v Ad Hoc Decisions Decision Process
Collect Data Identify Problems & Opportunities Make Choices
1
Introduction to MIS
2
3
9
Importance of MIS
Computer world 2006*
IS budget as percent of revenue 6 5
%
4 3 2
Utilities
Trans.
Sales
Pharm.
Manuf.
Industrial
Financial
Consumer
Aerospace
0
Petroleum
1
*1997-2000 data is distorted by Y2k work. Introduction to MIS
10
Computerworld 1993
Everyone Uses Computers
Percent of employees with PC/terminal 100 90 80 70 60 50 40
Introduction to MIS
Utilities
Trans.
Sales
Pharm.
Manuf.
Industrial
Financial
Consumer
Aerospace
10 0
Petroleum
30 20
11
Traditional Management
CEO
Commands
VP Finance
VP Marketing
VP Accounting
Condensed reports
VP HRM
VP MIS
Analyze data
Layers of middle managers
Collect data
Customers
Introduction to MIS
12
Decentralization Management Team CEO VP Fin
VP Mrkt
VP Acct
VP HRM
VP MIS
Strategy Finance Team
Marketing Team
Sales Team
Accounting Team
Methodology/Rules
HRM Team
Corporate Database & Network
Franchise
Customers
Introduction to MIS
13
Business Trends ¾
Changing business environment
¾
Specialization Management by Methodology and Franchises Mergers Decentralization and Small Business Temporary Workers Internationalization Service-Oriented Business Re-engineering
Need for faster responses and flexibility
Introduction to MIS
14
¾
Specialization
¾
Reduction of middle management Increased data sharing Increased analysis by top management Computer support for rules Re-engineering
Mergers
¾
Increased demand for technical skills Specialized MIS tools Increased communication
Methodology & Franchises
¾
Business Trends & Implications
Larger companies Need for control and information Economies of scale
Decentralization & Small Business
Communication needs Lower cost of management tasks Low maintenance technology
Introduction to MIS
15
Business Trends & Implications ¾
Temporary Workers
¾
Internationalization
¾
Managing through rules Finding and evaluating workers Coordination and control Personal advancement through technology Security Communication Product design System development and programming Sales and marketing
Service Orientation
Management jobs are information jobs Customer service requires better information Speed
Introduction to MIS
16
Changing Business Environment ¾
US History:Farmer Laborer Management Year
Farm
Mfg
Mgt
1920
29%
44%
22%
6%
1940
23
38
30
8
1960
9
36
43
12
1980
3
32
52
13
2000
3
25
59
14
Introduction to MIS
Service
17
US Employment Patterns US Employment Patterns 160
millions of workers
140 120 100 80 60
Service Management Manufacturing Farm
40 20 0 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Introduction to MIS
18
Internationalization US Merchandise Trade 1400
$ billion
1200 1000
Imports
800
Exports
600 400 200
Introduction to MIS
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
1945
1940
1935
1930
1925
1920
0
19
Business Trend
Implications for Technology
Specialization
1.Increased demand for technical skills 2.Specialized MIS tools 3.Increased communication
Methodology & Franchises
1.Reduction of middle management 2.Increased data sharing 3.Increased analysis by top management 4.Computer support for rules 5.Re-engineering
Mergers
1.Four or five big firms dominate most industries 2.Need for communication 3.Strategic ties to customers and suppliers
Decentralization & Small Business
1.Communication needs 2.Lower cost of management tasks 3.Low maintenance technology
Temporary Workers
1.Managing through rules 2.Finding and evaluating workers 3.Coordination and control 4.Personal advancement through technology 5.Security
Internationalization
1.Communication 2.Product design 3.System development and programming 4.Sales and marketing
Service Orientation
1.Management jobs are information jobs 2.Customer service requires better information 3.Speed
Introduction to MIS
Business Trend Summary
20
Business Operations
Introduction to MIS
Pr Tra oc ns es ac s C tion on tro l
Tactical Management
DS ES S
Strategic Mgt.
EI S
MIS Organization
21
Operations, Tactics,Strategy Sector
Operations
Production
• Machine settings • Worker schedules • Maintenance sch. • Categorize assets • Assign expenses • Produce reports • Reward salespeople • Survey customers • Monitor promotions
Accounting
Marketing
Introduction to MIS
Tactics • Rearrange work area • Schedule new products • Change inventory method • Inventory valuation • Depreciation method • Finance short/long term • Determine pricing • Promotional campaigns • Select marketing media
Strategy • New factory • New products • New industry • New GL system • Debt vs. equity • International taxes • Monitor competitors • New products • New markets
22
Decision Levels Decision Level
Description
Example
Type of Information
Strategic
Competitive advantage, become a market leader. Long-term outlook.
New product that will change the industry.
External events, rivals, sales, costs quality, trends.
Tactical
Improving operations without restructuring the company.
New tools to cut costs or improve efficiency.
Expenses, schedules, sales, models, forecasts.
Operations
Day-to-day actions to keep the company functioning.
Scheduling Transactions, employees, accounting, human ordering supplies. resource management, inventory.
Introduction to MIS
23
Introduction to Strategy ¾ ¾ ¾
Risk & Reward Creativity Porter’s External Agents
Customers Suppliers Competitors Government
Introduction to MIS
24
Baxter/Strategy Typical Supply Relationship Hospital Shaukat Khanam Hospital
Supply Closets
Supplier
Warehouse Supplier
Supply storeroom
Supplier
Introduction to MIS
25
Baxter/Strategy AHS/Baxter Computer Link Hospital
Shaukat Khanam Hospital
Monitor Usage data Supply Closets
Deliver Supplies as needed Free space
Supplier Nestle
Computer Warehouse Supplier
Accurate usage data
Supplier
Introduction to MIS
26
Strategy/Porter Threat of New Entrants
Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Rivalry Among Existing Competitors
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Threat of Substitute Products or Services
Introduction to MIS
27
Strategy/Organization ¾
Strength
Source of strength Value of strength How can it be developed? What could undermine it? Development costs Additional benefits (opportunities)
Introduction to MIS
¾
Weaknesses
Effect on company Possible solutions Cost of solution Result and cost of leaving as-is (do nothing)
28
Cases: Fast Food Industry
McDonald’s uses a considerable amount of information technology to maintain consistency, monitor employees, and track sales.
Introduction to MIS
29
Cases: McDonald’s www.mcdonalds.com
What is the company’s current status? What is the Internet strategy? How does the company use information technology? What are the prospects for the industry? Introduction to MIS
30
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