Mind Map Science Upsr Year 4

1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs Give energy Grow

To breathe

Stay healthy Food

Air

Basic Needs Of Human

Water

Shelter

Drinks Grow Stay healthy

To protect from • danger • extreme weather • sun & rain

1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs Give energy Grow

To breathe

Stay healthy Food

Air

Basic Needs Of Animals

Water

Types : • holes • cave • nest • beehive Shelter

Drinks Grow Stay healthy

To protect from • danger • extreme weather • sun & rain

1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs

Plants Have Basic Needs

Air

With : • grow healthy • grow well • not wilted

Water

Sunlight

Without : • wilted • Turn yellow • Die

2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo Nose/Mouth

Wind-pipe

Inhale – take in air

Lungs

Exhale – give out air Purpose : • avoid danger

Organs Breathing

• avoid getting hurt • avoid getting injured • to survive

Respond To Stimuli Organs

Rate of breath Number of chest movement In a period of time

Analysing Life Processes That Human Undergo

Excrete

Defecate

Reproduce A process to produce Their young or offspring

Eyes - Sight Nose - Smell

Lungs

Faeces

Tongue - Taste

( Carbon dioxide + water vapour )

Ears - Sound

Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )

Skin - Touch

Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )

2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes Behaviour That Can Disturb Life Processes

Smoking

Drinking Alcohol

Effects • Lung cancer

Taking Drug

Effects • Delay respond to stimuli

• Coughing

How to avoid

• Lose ability to walk in straight line • Can cause accidents

Participate in a campaign Discourage among their peers

2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo Animals Life Processes

Excrete

Defecate

To get rid of waste product from their bodies

Breathing

Organs

Reproduce

Lay Eggs

cat tiger bat whale

butterfly bird

Lungs • monkey

Gills • fish

• bird • whale

• prawn

Lungs-book • crab

Moist Skin • frog • earthworm

Give Birth

Trachea Structure • insects

Science Year 4 INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS 2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes

plants respond to stimuli.

the part of plant that responds to water

water, sunlight, touch, gravity. Roots

various ways plants reproduce through…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.

the part of plant that responds to gravity.

2.4 Life processes plants undergo what will happen to the world if plants do not reproduce.

Roots

the part of plant that responds to sunlight. Shoot

no food supply.

plants reproduce.

why plants need to reproduce to ensure the survival of the species.

Seeds – balsam, corn, durian Spores – fern, mushroom Suckers – banana, pineapple Stem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapioca Leaves – bryophyllum, begonia Stem – potato, onion, ginger and lily

the part of plant that responds to touch.

3.1 animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves Special characteristics of animals that protect them

The special characteristics and behaviour of animals help to protect them from danger.

special behaviour of animals that protect them from danger.

from danger.

Thick and hard skin To prevent their enemies from injuring

Sharp claws To protect themselves and their Young from the enemies- lion ,cat, Bears, and eagle.

Hard shell Snails and tortoise retract their head And legs into the shell when the are Attacked by enemies

Pretend to dead To trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle

Hard scales Pangolins and crocodiles have hard scales To protect their bodies from injuries

Camouflage Has body colour or patterns that that are Similar to the surrounding

Spines Raise the sharp spines when the enemies Advance towards them

Spray black ink Dark surrounding helps the animal not to been seen by enemies – e.g: octopus, squid

Horns Use their horn to attack enemies.

Poisonous sting or fangs Can hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion, centipede snake , bee.

3.2/3.3 Animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves from extreme weather and survive specific characteristics and behavior of animals that protect them from very hot and cold weather. Hot weather

Wrinkled Skin Elephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes lose body heat through wrinkled skins Wallowing Elephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes keep their body cool by wallowing in mud holes

Humps Camels store food and water in the form Of fats in the humps on their back.

how specific characteristics and behavior of animals help to protect them from very hot or cold weather. Cold weather Thick Fur Polar bears have thick fur to prevent the body From losing heat to cold surroundings. Fat Layers Under The Skins Penguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under their skin to keep their bodies warm Small Ears Seals and Walruses have small ears to prevent Heat loss from their bodies. Hibernate Polar bears hibernates during extreme cold Weather

3.4 Plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from enemy

The specific characteristics

of plants that protect them from enemies

Produces

How the specific

characteristics of plants help to protect them from enemies.

characteristics that protect plants.

latex

Have thorns poisonous

Have fine hairs Close leaflets when touch

3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to protect themselves from dry region and strong wind strong wind

dry region

Eg : cactus

a. b. d.

Long roots to absorb water Succulent stem can store water Thorn can can prevent the excessive loss of water

Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, . mangrove tree

a. b. c. d.

Have stems that bend easily Have buttress roots Have separated leaves Needle- shaped leaves

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

Volume

1.2 Area

1.1 Length

MEASUREMENT

1.7 Standard units

1.6 Time

1.3 Solid 1.4 Liquid

1.5 Mass

Terminology

Measuring tape

- The distance between two points/place/position

String

Ways to measure

Arm span Cubit

Ruler

1.1Length

Standard Tools

Correct technique Measuring tape

- The eye must be directly above the end of object

Unit mm

cm

m

km

Ruler

1.2 Area

Terminology

Standard unit - Square millimetre (mm2) - Square centimetre (cm2) - Square metre (m2) - Square kilometre (km2)

- Area is the amount of Space taken up by the surface of an object. Different ways to measure area

- Using formula - by placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects

- Using square card with a

2cm

sides of 1 centimetre

3cm

3cm

4cm Area = length X width

1cm 1cm

= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2

The amount of space that something takes up

Length x width x height

Formula

measuring cylinder

Terminology Tools

Volume

1.4 Liquid Standard Units

1.3 Solid Correct technique Standard Units mm3, cm3, m3

a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus. b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus

ml, l

Terminology

Correct technique

- Amount of matter in an object

1.5 Mass Electronic balance Simple balance

Beam balance

Tools

Kitchen scale

Bathroom scale

Lever balance

Standard unit

mg

g

kg

Terminology

Standard unit

1.6 Time - Second , minute , hour

- Duration between two event

Way to measure Tool Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time

Events can be used measuring time Old clock

-Swinging pendulum -Pulse rate candle

- Sundial , sand clock , candle clock

-water dripping -Changing day and night

- Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock

1.7 The Importance of Standard Units

- for accuracy and consistency

- easy to communicate and understanding

Investigating Materials

metal

carbon

Conduct electricity

glass

plastics

Light to pass through

wood

Insulator

1.1 The properties of materials

Float on water

Sink in water

wood

stone

Can be stretch

rubber ring

conduct heat

metal

1.2 Applying knowledge properties of materials in everyday life Suggest ways to keep things hot

Suggest ways to keep things cold

Covered with insulators

hot thing

cold thing

To prevent heat loss

prevent from absorbing heat

1.3 Uses of materials based on their properties

List of object and materials that they are made of

object

materials

properties

spoon

metal

hard

tissue

wood

Soft

glasses

glass

transparent

Reason why particular materials are used to make an object

cheap easy to get

strength good quality

1.4 The importance of reuse, reduce and recycle of materials wood

cotton

natural materials

metal

plastics

rubber

synthetic cloth Man-made materials

glass

State that man-made materials comes from natural materials

reducing

public transport

reusing

plastic bag

recycling

bottle

plastics

glass

1.6

RUSTING CAN PREVENTED

DIFFERENT WAYS TO PREVENT OBJECTS FROM RUSTING Coating with non rusting materials *paint *oil *grease

THE NECESSARY TO PREVENT RUSTING

*Everlasting Live *Save Natural material *Save Cost *Looking good

*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water.

UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME MATERIALS CAN BE RUST RUSTY OBJECTS

NON RUSTY OBJECTS

OBJECT MADE OF IRON AND STEEL

OBJECT MADE OF GLASS PLASTIC, WOOD, CLAY AND SILK

*Nail *Spoon *Knife *Needle

*Glass *Bottle *Cup *Pencil

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

-Nine Planets -Natural satellites -Meteors -Comets -Asteroids

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

List of constituents

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

– My – Very – Excellent – Mother – Just – Served – Us – Nine – Pudding

List of planets

1.1 The solar system Planets move around the Sun

the Sun

the Earth

the Earth

100

1

the Moon 4

1 Size of the Sun relative to the size of the Earth.

1.2 The relative size and distance between the Earth, the Moon and the Sun

Size of the Earth relative to the size of the Moon.

The relative distance from the Earth to the Sun compared to the relative distance from the Earth to the Moon. the Earth

the Moon

the Sun

382 500 km

150 000 000 km 1

:

400

•The nearer a planet to the Sun is, the hotter is the surface of the planet . •The farther a planet from the Sun is, the colder is the surface of the planet. •Do not have enough air and water.

Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise. •Water on Earth would evaporate. •No water and the temperature would be very hot. Much farther : •The temperature on the Earth would drop. •Water would freeze into ice. •All living things would die.

1.3 Appreciating the perfect placement of the planet Earth in the Solar System

Why certain planets are not conducive for living things.

The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that has living things.

EFFECT

•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light and heat from the Sun. •It is not too hot or too cold. •The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water on Earth.

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life

Limitation of human ability

Microscope - The usage of lens to see fine features of objects and microbes Microphone -To increase the voice volume Telephone -To communicate from long distance Bicycle, motorcycle, airplanes -Can travel long distance in a shorter time Telescope, binocular - To see far away objects

Examples of human limitations are • Unable to see fine objects •Unable to speak loud •Unable to walk for long distance •Unable to see far away objects

Devices to overcome human limitation

TECHNOLOGY 1.2

e.g.: hoe

Understanding The Development Of Technology

Examples

Construction Cave

Agriculture

hut wooden house apartment

plough

tractor

combine harvester Transportation Land: Animal car train

bicycle

Air: hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane Water: canoe raft sampan ferry ship Communication Drawing

carrier pigeon

Telephone

TECHNOLOGY

Cannot move farther

Problems they encounter in their daily life

1.3 Synthesising how technology can be used to solve problems Demonstrate that device invented can be used to solve the problem identified Pully – can lift everything

Cannot move and lift heavy thing Brain storming

Ideas to solve the problems identified wheelbarrow

Sketch the model

Device to solve the problem identified.

lever

Wheel barrow – can move heavything easily

1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely

Advantages of Technology

•Communication Enable human to learn more about things happening around the world •Transportation Enable human to travel far away places in shorter time •Agriculture Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops •Construction Roads, highways, bridges and building is easier and faster to build

Disadvantages of Technology

Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials Environmental destruction result from excessive usage of natural resources Social problem Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive use of chemicals