Militaria Persica Ammiani
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ORIENTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SANKT-PETERSBURG BRANCH OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
MEMOIRS OF THE ORIENTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The Edition was founded by Academician Viktor R. Rosen in 1886
New Series Volume II (XXVII)
St. Petersburg 2006
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(XVIII. 8. 12; XIX. 8. 4; XX. 7. 14—15, 22; 11. 22; XXIV. 6._ygbcªkqblZebaebrgbfih kdhevdm^eyg_]hdZdijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h\h_ggh]hhg[uekZfhhq_\b^_g BgZq_g_fh]ehb[ulvb[hwlh[uehg_hlt_fe_fufmkeh\b_fmki_rghc [hjv[ui_jkh\kjbfkdhci_ohlhcij_djZkghh[mq_gghcbih^]hlh\e_gghc d ^_ckl\byf \ [eb`g_f [hx GZebqb_ m kZkZgb^kdbo \hbgh\ f_q_c ih^l\_j`^Z_lkybZjo_heh]bq_kdbfb^ZggufbGZc^_ggu_\h\j_fyjZkdhihd f_qb bf_xl ih^qZk ^hklZlhqgh \gmrbl_evgu_ jZaf_ju ^h — 85 kfZ_klvwda_fieyju^ebghcb^hfdhlhjufb\hafh`ghihevah \Zebkvdhggu_\hbgu >Nicolle 1996: 68] 20. LZdbfh[jZahfbak\_^_gbc:ffbZgZFZjp_eebgZke_^m_lqlhi_jku hl^Z\Zebij_^ihql_gb_hjm`bxiha\heyxs_fmihjZ`Zlv\jZ]ZgZ^Zevg_c^bklZgpbb \i_j\mxhq_j_^vemdm gh\g_h[oh^bfhcf_j_bkihevah\Zebbhjm`b_ij_^gZagZq_ggh_^ey[eb`g_]h[hyWlhgZrehk\h_hljZ`_gb_\lZdlbd_^_ckl\bci_jkb^kdbo\hckdhq_fihc^_lj_qvgb`_ QlhdZkZ_lkyaZsblgh]hkgZjy`_gbylhhghkm^yihij_^hklZ\e_gghc :ffbZghfbgnhjfZpbb[ueh^hklZlhqghkh\_jr_ggufbwnn_dlb\guf Djhf_sblh\kie_l_gguobaehagydZ ;;,9 bebljhklgbdZ ;;,9 bihdjuluokujhcdh`_c ;;,9 kx^Zke_^m_lhlg_klb ©k\_jdZxsb_ re_fu b dj_idb_ iZgpbjbª ^_eZ\rb_ i_jkh\ ih keh\Zf kZfh]h :ffbZgZ FZjp_eebgZ ijZdlbq_kdb g_mya\bfufb ^ey \jZ`_kdbo klj_e ;;9 Bklhjbd\_kvfZih^jh[ghhibku\Z_li_jkb^kdb_^hki_obHghlf_qZ_lqlhhgbba]hlZ\eb\Zebkvba`_e_aZ ;,; ;;,9 ;;9 djhf_lh]h^hki_oih^]hgyekylhqghihjZaf_jm \hbgZ:ffbZgibr_lqlhi_jku©ijhba\h^beb\i_qZle_gb_ex^_cba `_e_aZ ihehkdb`_e_aZlhqghijbeZ`_ggu_ihnhjf_qZkl_cl_eZh^_\Zeb gZ^_`gufihdjh\hf\_kvdhjimkª ;;,9 Z©`_e_agu_[eyrdblZd l_kgh ho\Zlu\Zeb \k_ qe_gu qlh k\yadb kh\_jr_ggh khhl\_lkl\h\Zeb ^\b`_gbyfl_eZª ;;9 :ffbZgkjZ\gb\Z_li_jkb^kdbc^hki_ok i_jv_\uf ihdjh\hf ilbp hlf_qZy _]h e_]dhklv b ijhqghklv ;;,9 Hkh[_ggh `_ bgl_j_kgh ijb\h^bfh_ :ffbZghf hibkZgb_ aZsblghc fZkdb m i_jkb^kdbo \hbgh\ ©Ijbdjulb_ ebpZ lZd ohjhrh ijbe_]Zeh d ]heh\_ qlh ihiZ^Z\rb_klj_eufh]eb\hgablvkylhevdhlZf]^_q_j_a fZe_gvdb_ hl\_jklby gZoh^b\rb_ky ijhlb\ ]eZa fh`gh [ueh \b^_lv beb ]^_ q_j_a gha^jb k ljm^hf \uoh^bl ^uoZgb_ª ;;9 LZdhc ^hki_oghkbebdZd\kZ^gbdb ;,; lZdbi_rb_\hbgu ;;,9 ;;9 HibkZgb_i_jkb^kdh]haZsblgh]hkgZjy`_gby:ffbZ ghf\p_ehfkh\iZ^Z_lkl_fqlh^Z_l_]hkh\j_f_ggbdEb[Zgbc Liban. Or. XVIII ZlZd`_^Zggu_Zjo_heh]bq_kdbobkke_^h\Zgbc>Pope 1939: 2558; Nicolle 1996: 15, 30—@ LZdbf h[jZahf ly`_eh\hhjm`_gguc i_jkb^kdbc \hbg [ue ijbdjul `_e_agufb ^hki_oZfb k^_eZggufb ihbg^b\b^mZevghfmaZdZamijZdlbq_kdbkgh]^h]heh\uijbq_fhgg_ [uekl_kg_g\k\hbo^\b`_gbyoqlh[uehhq_gv\Z`gh\[hx 20 Hf_qZokZkZgb^kdhcwihobkflZd`_ >Overlaet
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408
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410
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[uehaZf_q_gh\ur_\hh[s_hlf_qZ_l\ukhdbcmjh\_gvih^]hlh\dbi_jkb^kdboklj_edh\ ;9 Mqblu\Zyg_h[uqZcgmxkdhjhklj_evghklv ^j_\gbo emqgbdh\ >Gbdhghjh\ @ fh`gh k m\_j_gghklvx ]h\hjblvh\_kvfZ\ukhdhcwnn_dlb\ghklb^_ckl\bci_jkb^kdboklj_edh\\h \j_fy[hyNicolle @ AZhkgh\ghcfZkkhc i_jkb^kdbo \hckd \h \j_fy [hy gZoh^beky j_a_j\ ba ©fZgbime i_ohlbgp_\ª manipuli peditum) (XXIV. 6. 8). Crump @ >h[b\rbkvi_j_\_kZ gZ h^ghf ba neZg]h\ i_jku iulZebkv _]h hijhdbgmlv b aZc^y \ luehdjm`blv\jZ`_kdh_\hckdh ;;9 DZdjZa\h\j_fylZdh]h[hy bih]b[bfi_jZlhjXebZgHlklmigbd LZd`_:ffbZgFZjp_eebghlf_qZ_lmf_gb_i_jkh\bkihevah\Zlvhkh[_gghklbf_klghklbbij_h^he_\Zlv_kl_kl\_ggu_ij_]jZ^uLZdgZijbf_j \h \j_fy [hy k hljy^hf MjkbpbgZ ke_^h\Z\rbf \ KZfhkZlm jbfkdb_ \hbgu[uebhll_kg_gui_jkZfbdh[ju\bklhfm[_j_]mLb]jZbk[jhr_gu \j_dm ;9,,, ihke_]b[_ebXebZgZjbfeyg_g_hkfhljbl_evghjZa [b\ eZ]_jv \ ^hebg_ hdjm`_gghc e_kbklufb ohefZfb [ueb ZlZdh\Zgu i_jkZfbh[jmrb\rbfbkygZgbokkhk_^gbokdehgh\ ;;9— ^h `^Z\rbkvihdZjbfeyg_gZqgmli_j_ijZ\mq_j_ah^bgbajmdZ\h\?\njZ lZ i_jku \g_aZigh h[klj_eyeb bo ba emdh\ ;;,9 gZ imlb Zjfbb XebZgZ i_jkZfb aZlhieyebkv agZqbl_evgu_ l_jjblhjbb ;;,9 — kj Liban. Or. XVIII. bih^`b]ZebkvkmoZykl_ivboe_[gu_ihey ;;,9 qlhk_jv_aghaZf_^eyehijh^\b`_gb_jbfeyg<lh`_\j_fy \ihoh^_ ]dh]^Z\k_i_jkb^kdh_\hckdh[ueh\ugm`^_ghi_j_ijZ\ eylvky q_j_a :gaZ[m ih gZ\h^ghfm fhklm i_j_ijZ\Z ^ebeZkv p_euo ljb ^gy b ijhreZ [_a \kydbo hkeh`g_gbc ;9,,,— Ihke_wlh]hi_j kb^kdZyZjfby\klj_lb\gZimlbjZaeb\rbcky?\njZlkh\_jrbeZh[oh^ ba[_`Z\ hiZkgh]h i_j_oh^Z ih imklugghc f_klghklb b g_h[oh^bfhklb i_j_ijZ\eylvky q_j_a fgh]h\h^gmx j_dm ;9,,, — :ffbZg kZf [m^mqb ijhn_kkbhgZevguf \hbghf b ij_djZkgh ihgbfZy qlh ih^h[gu_ mki_ob^hklb]ZxlkyaZkq_lihklhygguomijZ`g_gbcbih^^_j`Zgby`_ kldhc^bkpbiebguhq_gv\ukhdhhp_gb\Z_l[h_\mxih^]hlh\dmb\umqdm i_jkh\ ;9,,, ;;,,,
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412
fh]eh ^_eblvky gZ g_kdhevdh qZkl_c ih wlgbq_kdhfm ijbgpbim dZ`^uc bahljy^h\\wlhfkemqZ_ihemqZek\hcmqZklhd^ey\_^_gbyhkZ^guo^_ckl\bc LZd [ueh gZijbf_j ih^ :fb^hc ]^_ ©\hklhqgZy qZklv ^hklZeZkvobhgblZfx`gZykl_gZ[ueZhl\_^_gZ« l_dklbkihjq_g — <. >.), k_\_jgmxaZgyebZe[ZguZijhlb\aZiZ^guo\hjhlihklZ\e_gu[uebk_]_klZgpukZfu_ojZ[ju_ba\k_o\hbguª ;,; <wlhfhlju\d_:ffbZgg_mihfbgZ_lhkZfboi_jkZoMelikian-Shirvani
1988].
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evxaZ^_j`Zlvijh^\b`_gb_\hckdijhlb\gbdZ^hih^oh^Zhkgh\guokbe <-lj_lvbo]hjh^Zjbfkdh]hDjufkdbc Crump @Dlhfm`_mijZ\e_gb_bdhgljhev \lhfqbke_b\\h_gghckn_j_ \mj[Zgbabjh\ZgghcqZklbbfi_jbbdZ dhcy\eyebkv__\hklhqgu_ijh\bgpbb[ueb]hjZa^h[he__wnn_dlb\gu q_f\fZehgZk_e_gguoijb]jZgbqguoijh\bgpbyo\?\jhi_<-q_l\_jluo gZ\hklhd_jbfeyg_klhedgmebkvkjZa\blufpb\bebah\Zgguf]hkm^Zjkl \hfbf_\rbf^hklZlhqghklZ[bevgu_]jZgbpuq_ldb_byjdh\ujZ`_g gu_ ]_hiheblbq_kdb_ mklZgh\db b ^hdljbgu h[mkeh\e_ggu_ fgh]h\_dh \ufbljZ^bpbyfb kj >DZj__\ B\Zgh\ Ib]me_\kdZy 1971: 4; Crump @ Wlh^_eZeh\g_rgxxiheblbdmKZkZgb^h\^ey jbfeyg\p_ehfij_^kdZam_fhcbiha\heyehkieZgbjh\Zlvbih^]hlh\blv hl\_lgu_rZ]bGZJ_cg_`_b>mgZ_kblmZpby[ueZkh\_jr_ghbghc LZdbfh[jZahfbaeh`_gguc\ur_fZl_jbZeiha\hey_l]h\hjblvh\ukhdhf mjh\g_ jZa\blby m i_jkh\ \h_ggh]h ^_eZ ijZdlbq_kdb \h \k_o _]h Zki_dlZoOhlyLFhffa_g\k\h_\j_fyibkZeqlhijbKZkZgb^ZoZjfby i_jkh\ ©g_ ijbh[j_eZ \umqdbª >Fhffa_g @ nZdlu ijb\_^_ggu_:ffbZghf]h\hjylh[h[jZlghfKjZ\gb\Zy\h_ggh_^_ehmjbfeyg\ IV \ ihfbfh©>_ygbcª^hklZlhqghih^jh[ghhk\_s_ggh_\m`_mihfbgZ\r_fky©DjZldhfbaeh`_gbb\h_ggh]h^_eZªNeZ\by<_]_pbyJ_gZlZb \p_ehfjy^_^jm]boiha^g_Zglbqguokhqbg_gbc k^Zggufbh^_ckl\byo i_jkb^kdh]h \hckdZ kh^_j`Zsbfbky \ ijhba\_^_gbb :ffbZgZ FZjp_eebgZke_^m_lijbagZlvqlh\\h_gghfhlghr_gbbi_jkug_lhevdhg_ mklmiZebk\h_fm]eZ\ghfmaZiZ^ghfmijhlb\gbdmghih^qZkbij_\hkoh^beb_]h kf >Ib]me_\kdZy a: 47; Austin 1979: 142, 149]) 41.
Ebl_jZlmjZ Ba^Zgbyljm^h\]j_q_kdbobeZlbgkdboZ\lhjh\ Agath. — Agathiae Mirinaei Historiarum libri qunque cum versione latina. Accedunt Agathiae epigrammata / Rec. B. G. Nieburrus. Bonnae, 1828. Amm. Marc. — Ammiani Marcellini Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt / Ed. W. Seyfarth. Vol. 1—2. Leipzig, 1978. Cass. — Cassii Dionis Cocceiani Historiarum Romanorum quae supersunt. Vol. 1—3. Berolini, 1895—1926. Eutrop. — Eutropii Breviarium historiae Romanae / Ed. F. Ruehl. Lipsiae, 1887. Exp. — Expositio totius mundi et gentium / Introduction, texte critique, traduction, notes et commentaire par J. Rougé. P. 1966. Herod. — Herodoti Historiarum libri IX Vol. 1—2 / Ed. H. Kallenberg. Lipsiae, 1903—1906. Herodian — Herodiani Ab excessu divi Marci libri VIII / Ed. K. Stavenhagen. Lipsiae; Berolini, 1922. 41 >Z`_=DjZfiihke_^h\Zl_evghhlklZb\Zxsbcfukevhij_\hkoh^kl\_jbfkdhc ZjfbbgZ^k\hbfbijhlb\gbdZfb\ugm`^_gijbagZlvqlhi_jkuihdjZcg_cf_j_g_ mklmiZeb jbfeygZf b y\eyebkv bo ©gZbemqrbf h[jZahf hj]Zgbah\Zgguf \jZ]hfª [Crump @ ©\ukhdhhj]Zgbah\Zgguf b ohjhrh wdbibjh\Zgguf ijhlb\gbdhfª [Crump 1975: 98].
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Lact. DMP — Lactantii De mortibus persecutorum / Ed. J. L. Creed. Oxford, 1984. Liban. — Libanii Opera. Vol. 1—12 / Rec. K. Foerster. Lipsiae, 1903—1923. Oros. — Pauli Orosii Historiarum libri VII / Ed. C. Zangemeister. Lipsiae, 1889. Plin. NH — Plinii Secundi Naturalis historiae libri XXXVII. Vol. 1—5 / Ed. C. Mayhaff. Lipsiae, 1892—1897. Proc. Bell. — Procopii De bellis libri I—VIII // Procopii Caesariensis Opera omnia. Vol. I—II / Rec. J. Haury. Lipsiae, 1905. Strabo — Strabonis Geographica. Vol. 1—3 / Ed. A. Meineke. Lipsiae, 1904—1909. Synes. DR — Synesii De regno // Synesii Cyrenensis Opuscula / Rec. N. Terzaghi. Romae, 1944. P. 5—62. Tabari — Tabari. The history of al-7DEDU¯ 7D¶U¯NK DO-rusul wa’l-PXOÌN 9RO 5. The Sasanides, the Byzantines, the Lakhmides and Yemen / Translated and annotated by C. E. Bosworth. N.-Y., 1999. Veget. ERM — Flavii Vegetii Renati Epitoma rei militaris / Rec. C. Lang. Lipsiae, 1869.
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Ljhnbfh\Z Ljhnbfh\Z L : IjbZjZevkdb_ kZdb djZgbheh]bq_kdbc hq_jd FOW_ygbyoª :ffbZgZ FZjp_e ebgZ Ebqghklv —b^_y —l_dkl\dmevlmj_Kj_^g_\_dh\vybB K 87—97. Q_jg_gdh Q_jg_gdh ? <H\j_f_gbbf_kl_ihy\e_gbyly`_ehcdhggb pu\kl_iyo?\jZabb Ijh[e_fukdbnkdhcZjo_heh]bb F. K—38. Allan 1987: Allan J. W. Armor // EIr. Vol. 2. Fasc. 5. P. 483—489. Altheim 1959: Altheim F. Geschichte der Hunnen. Bd. 1: Von den Anfängen bis zum Einbruch in Europa. B. Ammiani Marcellini 1906—1908: Ammiani Marcellini. Rerum gestarum libri qui supersunt / Ed. W. Seyfarth. Vol. 1—2. Leipzig Jmkkdh_ ba^Zgb_ :ffbZg FZjp_eebgBklhjbyI_jkeZl X :DmeZdh\kdh]hb : BKhggb
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ORIENTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY INSTITUTE OF THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SANKT-PETERSBURG BRANCH OF THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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jhgZf \h_ggh]h ^_eZ m i_jkh\ \lhjhc iheh\bgu ,9 \ g w hlebqZxlky \ukhdbf mjh\g_f h[t_dlb\ghklb klj_fe_gb_f d [_kijbkljZklghfm aZ djZcg_ j_^dbfb bkdexq_gbyfb hibkZgbx l_o beb bguo hkh[_gghkl_c ijbkmsboi_jkb^kdhfm\hckdm <lh`_\j_fyke_^m_lmqblu\Zlvqlh\©>_ygbyoª:ffbZgZFZjp_eebgZ \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v hibkZgu bf_ggh ^_ygby ih^\b]b jbfeyg b ihlhfm Z\lhj ij_`^_ \k_]h klZjZ_lky jZkdjulv ^jZfZlbaf ijhbkoh^ysbo kh[ulbc \k\yabkwlbffgh]b_dhgdj_lgu_\hijhkuk\yaZggu_k\h_gguf^_ehf:ffbZgaZqZklmxh[oh^blklhjhghc>Crump 1975: 131, 133]. Djhf_lh]hkhk\hbfijhba\_^_gb_f:ffbZgFZjp_eebg\uklmiZei_j_^ Zm^blhjb_c \b^bfh ^hklZlhqgh rbjhdhc qlh lZd`_ ih[m`^Zeh _]h ijb\e_dZlv \gbfZgb_ kemrZl_e_c khkj_^hlhq_gb_f gZ ihklmidZo b km^v[Zo ex^_c yjdbo b aZihfbgZxsboky nZdlZoZg_gZqZklguo^_lZeyo\h_g gh]hoZjZdl_jZ Ke_^m_lhlf_lblvqlhohly\ebl_jZlmj_:ffbZgmdZd\h_gghfmbklhjbdm m^_eyehkv ^hklZlhqgh fgh]h \gbfZgby 4 \k_ [_a bkdexq_gby Z\lhju bhl_q_kl\_ggu_baZjm[_`gu_ jZkkfZljb\Zeb©>_ygbyª]eZ\guf h[jZahfdZdbklhqgbdihbklhjbb\h_ggh]h^_eZmjbfeygghgbdZdg_m i_jkh\<j_amevlZl_agZqbl_evgucihh[t_fmb\Z`gucihk\h_fmbklhjbq_kdhfmagZq_gbxieZklbgnhjfZpbbhklZekyihkmlb\g_iheyaj_gby dZdhl_q_kl\_gguolZdbaZjm[_`guobklhjbdh\ BgnhjfZpbyihbgl_j_kmxs_fmgZk\hijhkmjZa[jhkZgZ[md\Zevghih \k_fkhojZgb\rbfkydgb]Zf©>_ygbcª\k\yabkq_f^ey\hkkha^Zgbyp_ehklghc dZjlbgu khklhygby Zjfbb b \h_ggh]h ^_eZ \ KZkZgb^kdhc ^_j`Z\_\k_wlb^hklZlhqghjZajhag_ggu_b\lh`_\j_fyfgh]hqbke_ggu_ k\_^_gbygm`^Zxlky\kbkl_fZlbaZpbbIj_^klZ\ey_lkyqlhZjfbyb\h_ggh_ ^_eh \ kZkZgb^kdhf BjZg_ gZ hkgh\_ k\_^_gbc :ffbZgZ FZjp_eebgZfh]ml[ulvhoZjZdl_jbah\Zguihke_^mxsbfgZijZ\e_gbyf khklZ\ b hj]ZgbaZpby i_jkb^kdh]h \hckdZ \hhjm`_gb_ i_jkb^kdhc Zjfbb lZd lbdZi_jkh\ kljZl_]byi_jkh\ KhklZ\ b \hhjm`_gb_ \hckd RZimjZ ,, gZ i_j\h_ f_klh ihklZ\e_gu gZfbg_kemqZcghBf_gghwlb^\_khklZ\eyxsb_\hhjm`_gguokbeI_jkbb\hfgh]hfhij_^_eyebp_ebbaZ^Zqbklhy\rb_i_j_^gbfbZlZd`_ kj_^kl\Z b kihkh[u bo j_r_gby l _ kh[kl\_ggh lZdlbdm b kljZl_]bx i_jkb^kdhcZjfbb
KhklZ\bhj]ZgbaZpbyi_jkb^kdh]h\hckdZ Kljmdlmjm\hhjm`_gguokbei_jkh\p_e_khh[jZaghjZkkfZljb\Zlvih ^\mfhkgh\gufdjbl_jbyf ihjh^Zf\hckdbihwlgbq_kdhcijbgZ^e_`ghklb ebqgh]h khklZ\Z Djhf_ lh]h :ffbZg dZd [m^_l ihdZaZgh gb`_ khh[sZ_lbg_dhlhju_k\_^_gbyhkhpbZevghfkhklZ\_kZkZgb^kdhcZjfbb b_]h\ebygbbgZjZkij_^_e_gb_nmgdpbcf_`^mhl^_evgufbkhklZ\gufb qZklyfb\hckdZi_jkh\ 4 Ba gZb[he__ \Z`guo jZ[hl g_h[oh^bfh gZa\Zlv ke_^mxsb_ >Klotz 1916; Brok 1959; Chalmers 1973; Crump 1975; Austin 1979; Matthews 1986; Blockly Ohefh]hjh\ JZabg >_ev[jxd @
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Bkoh^y ba ^Zgguo :ffbZgZ fh`gh k^_eZlv \u\h^ qlh \Z`g_crbf jh^hf \hckd m i_jkh\ y\eyeZkv dZ\Ze_jby HgZ g_ [ueZ h^ghjh^ghc — :ffbZg hl^_evgh \u^_ey_l hljy^u ly`_ehc dhggbpu beb dZlZnjZdlZjb_\ cataphractarii) (XVII. 8. 3—7; XIX. 7. 4; XXV. 1. 12; 3. 4; XXIX. 1. gZau\Zybobgh]^Z©aZdh\Zgghc\`_e_ahdhggbp_cª ferreus equitatus) ;,; b©hljy^ZfbdZ\Ze_jbb\[ebklZxsbo^hki_oZoª corusci globi turmarum) ;,; Bf_gghdZlZnjZdlZjbbdZdwlh\b^ghbakeh\:ffbZgZFZjp_eebgZb]jZebjhevhkgh\ghcm^Zjghckbeu\Zjfbbi_jkh\ kflZd`_ >Emdhgbg [ Shahbazi 1987a: 496; 1987b @Kfh^ gZdh >Nicolle @ Bkoh^y ba k\_^_gbc :ffbZgZ fh`gh k^_eZlv \u\h^qlhbf_ggh\ly`_ehcdZ\Ze_jbbkem`bebij_^klZ\bl_ebi_jkb^ kdhcagZlb 5<h^ghfbaf_kl©>_ygbcª_klvkhh[s_gb_hlhfqlh\dhg gbp_©g_k_lkem`[m\kybo i_jkh\ — < > agZlvª desudat nobilitas omnis et splendor) ;;,, :ffbZgg_mlhqgy_lhdZdhcdhggbp_b^_l j_qv —hly`_ehcbebe_]dhcgh\jy^ebfh`ghij_^iheZ]ZlvqlhagZlv i_jkh\kem`beZ\e_]dhcdZ\Ze_jbb>>vydhgh\ Nicolle 1996: 10]. Djhf_dZlZnjZdlZjb_\:ffbZgFZjp_eebg]h\hjbl ohlybagZqbl_evghj_`_ he_]dhcdhggbp_b]jZxs_cihhlghr_gbxdi_j\hcy\gh\lhjh kl_i_ggmx\kihfh]Zl_evgmxjhev (XXIII. 3. 4; XXIV. 3. 1; 4. 7; 7. 7) kflZd`_ >Emdhgbg [ @ :ffbZghlf_qZ_lqlh\jy^Zoe_]dhcdZ\Ze_jbb i_jkh\ kem`beb bhljy^ukZjZpbg ;;,9
400
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402
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kmlkl\bb \ Zjfbb RZimjZ ih^ :fb^hc dmrZg hkgh\Zgh gZ lhf qlh \ dhgp_ -o ]] RZimj ,, \h_\Ze g_ lhevdh k obhgblZfb gh b k ©_\k_gZfbª dmrZgZfb ;9, ) 16Zihlhfmboijbkmlkl\b_\Zjfbbi_jkh\ gZjy^mkhljy^Zfbobhgblh\ihke_aZdexq_gbyfbjZkI_jkb_c\u]ey^bl ^hklZlhqgh aZdhghf_jguf < lh `_ \j_fy \ i_jkb^kdh_ \hckdh \iheg_ fh]eb\oh^blvb]_eZguh\hafh`ghfkhxa_RZimjZ,,kdhlhjufbijy fh ]h\hjbl :ffbZg FZjp_eebg ;9,, Bklhjbd g_ mihfbgZ_l gb ©_\k_gh\ª-dmrZg gb ]_eZgh\ \ khklZ\_ i_jkb^kdh]h \hckdZ gh bo ijbkmlkl\b_ lZf \iheg_ \_jhylgh l_f [he__ qlh \ l_dkl_ ©>_ygbcª — dZd jZa \ lhf f_kl_ ]^_ :ffbZg i_j_qbkey_l gZjh^u qvb hljy^u mqZkl\h\Zeb\hkZ^_\f_kl_ki_jkZfb ;,;), —bf__lkyeZdmgZMihfygml :ffbZghf FZjp_eebghf _s_ h^bg gZjh^ ij_^klZ\bl_eb dhlhjh]h \h_\Zebijhlb\JbfZkh\f_klghki_jkZfb m`_\h\j_fyi_jkb^kdh]hihoh^Z XebZgZ\ ] —wlhkZjZpbgu kfh^gZdh >:eZ_\ @ dhlh juo bklhjbd gZau\Z_l ©ZkkZgblkdbfbª saraceni assanitae) (XXIV. 2. 4; XXV. 1. 3; 6. 9—10) 17 Km^y ih k\_^_gbyf :ffbZgZ kZjZpbgu ij_^hklZ\eyebi_jkZfhljy^ue_]dhcdhggbpu ;;9 Ijbkmlkl\b_\i_jkb^kdhcZjfbbkZjZpbglh`_g_[uehihklhyggufl d :ffbZg]h\hjbl h[hlghkbl_evghg_^Z\g_fihy\e_gbbbohljy^h\mi_jkh\^Zblhebrv ih ijbqbg_ hldZaZ XebZgZ \u^Zlv ijbqblZxsb_ky bf `Zeh\Zgv_ b ih ^Zjdb ;;9 \^jm]hf`_f_kl_:ffbZgijyfhmihfbgZ_lhljy^u kZjZpbgdZdih^jZa^_e_gbygZkem`[_mjbfkdbobfi_jZlhjh\ ;IV. 4. 6; XXXI. 16. 5— kj >Ib]me_\kdZy Gibb @ MqZklb_kZjZpbg \ jbfkdh-i_jkb^kdbo \hcgZo gZ klhjhg_ jbfeyg hlf_qZ_l lZd`_ LZ[Zjb Tabari. 840—841). LZdbf h[jZahf m\_j_ggh fh`gh ]h\hjblv h q_luj_o gZjh^Zo \hbgkdb_dhglbg]_gludhlhjuodZdhlf_qZ_l:ffbZgFZjp_eebgkem`beb\ \hckd_RZimjZ,,djhf_kZfboi_jkh\WlhobhgbluZe[Zguk_]_klZgpu bkZjZpbguDZdg_ljm^ghaZf_lblvihqlb\k_hgb aZbkdexq_gb_fk_]_klZgp_\ ijhbkoh^bebbakhk_^gbokKZkZgb^kdhc^_j`Z\hcl_jjblhjbcb g_y\eyebkvih^^ZggufbrZoZgrZoZKe_^m_lebbawlh]hqlhij_^klZ\bl_eb^jm]bogZjh^h\ijh`b\Z\rbo\ij_^_eZoi_jkb^kdh]h]hkm^Zjkl\Z djhf_ kZfbo i_jkh\ \ kZkZgb^kdhc Zjfbb g_ kem`beb"
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Ba^Zgguo:ffbZgZFZjp_eebgZke_^m_lqlhaZsbs_g[ueg_lhevdh \kZ^gbdghb_]hehrZ^v —^eyg__^_eZekyki_pbZevgucdh`Zguc^hki_o (operimenta scortea) ;;,9 Ih^h[guc lbi kgZjy`_gby dZ\Ze_jbb y\eyeky ljZ^bpbhgguf ^ey BjZgZ b ba\_kl_g ih fgh]bf ibkvf_gguf bah[jZabl_evgufb\_s_kl\_ggufbklhqgbdZfhlghkysbfkydZddkZkZ gb^kdhclZdbd[he__jZgg_ciZjnygkdhcwiho_ kf >Gbdhghjh\ 32—33; Nicolle @ >ey jbfeyg gbdh]^Z g_ bf_\rbo k\h_c kbevghcdhggbpu[hjv[ZkiZjnygkdbfbZaZl_fi_jkb^kdbfbdZlZnjZdlZjbyfb[ueZ^hklZlhqghkeh`ghcaZ^Zq_c>Lheklh\ Z —213, 227].
408
A
eZbf_ggh[ZeebklZHgZfh]eZjZaf_sZlvkydZdgZdj_ihklghckl_g_lZd b gZ \_jog_c iehsZ^d_ hkZ^ghc [Zrgb qlh ^Z\Zeh \hafh`ghklv ihjZ `Zlv ijhlb\gbdZ gZ kl_gZo [he__ wnn_dlb\gh gZijZ\eyy kgZjy^u k\_jom \gba ;,; 2) [Crump 1975: 104—105]. =eZ\guf ijbkihkh[e_gb_f ^ey jZajmr_gby kl_g b [Zr_g \jZ`_kdhc dj_ihklb[ueblZjZgubf_\rb_jZagu_jZaf_ju OO >eyaZsblu hl ]hjysbo klj_e b ^jm]bo aZ`b]Zl_evguo kgZjy^h\ ihkueZ_fuo ijhlb\gbdhfkhkl_gba]hlh\e_ggucba^_j_\ZlZjZgdZdijZ\beh[ueijbdjul fhdjufb rdmjZfb OO >hklZlhqgh rbjhdh ijbf_gyebkv i_jkZfbbhkZ^gu_[Zrgb helepolis) ;,; \lhfqbke_bk hdh\Zgghc `_e_ahf njhglZevghc ih\_joghklvx ;,; Bgl_j_kghqlh:ffbZggbq_]hg_khh[sZ_lhgZebqbblZdbo[Zr_gmjbfeyg g_lmihfbgZgbch[hdh\Zgguo`_e_ahf]_e_iheZob\©DjZldhfbaeh`_gbb \h_ggh]h ^_eZª NeZ\by <_]_pby J_gZlZ Veget. ERM) — h^ghf ba \Z`g_c rbobklhqgbdh\ihbklhjbb\h_ggh]h^_eZmjbfeyg\i_jbh^^hfbgZlZ 24.
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Lact. DMP — Lactantii De mortibus persecutorum / Ed. J. L. Creed. Oxford, 1984. Liban. — Libanii Opera. Vol. 1—12 / Rec. K. Foerster. Lipsiae, 1903—1923. Oros. — Pauli Orosii Historiarum libri VII / Ed. C. Zangemeister. Lipsiae, 1889. Plin. NH — Plinii Secundi Naturalis historiae libri XXXVII. Vol. 1—5 / Ed. C. Mayhaff. Lipsiae, 1892—1897. Proc. Bell. — Procopii De bellis libri I—VIII // Procopii Caesariensis Opera omnia. Vol. I—II / Rec. J. Haury. Lipsiae, 1905. Strabo — Strabonis Geographica. Vol. 1—3 / Ed. A. Meineke. Lipsiae, 1904—1909. Synes. DR — Synesii De regno // Synesii Cyrenensis Opuscula / Rec. N. Terzaghi. Romae, 1944. P. 5—62. Tabari — Tabari. The history of al-7DEDU¯ 7D¶U¯NK DO-rusul wa’l-PXOÌN 9RO 5. The Sasanides, the Byzantines, the Lakhmides and Yemen / Translated and annotated by C. E. Bosworth. N.-Y., 1999. Veget. ERM — Flavii Vegetii Renati Epitoma rei militaris / Rec. C. Lang. Lipsiae, 1869.
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