Microcontroller Interfacing

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Summer Internship This is a summer internship programme designed for engineering graduates on embedded robotics .Hands-on sessions will help them understand the practical aspects too. The students will learn the basics concepts and will gain the practical experience while working on the kits specially designed and developed by MITBOTS. This is the detailed syllabus of the Internship.

SECTION 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS:In this session basic perception of robotics is developed in mind of students. This session will get the students accustomed with the trends in robotics industry as well as various terms used in the robotics. The session will deal with the following topics. • What is Robotics? • Robotics Scenario. • Constituents of any robot • General Procedure of building robots • Types of robots based on their operation as well as mechanical structure.

SECTION 2 : DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE ROBOT:1. MOTORS • Types of Motors • Gear trains • Geared Motors z

• Stepper motors • Servo motors • Selection of motors as per the application 2. TYRES 3. POWER SUPPLIES • All kinds of power supplies such as Lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd, Ni-Mh, Li-ion batteries etc. are discussed. 4. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS • Gear • Belt Pulley • Worm gears • Chain Sprocket • Rack and Pinion • Screw and Nut Arrangement 5. GOOD ENGINEERING PRACTICES • Bearing • Bushing • Coupling • Linkages

SECTION 3 : BASIC ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS OF A ROBOTIC SYSTEM:1. TYPES OF SWITCHES • General Terminologies used in Switching • DPDT and DPST Switches • Limit Switches • Relays 2. AN INTRODUCTION TO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS • Resistors • Capacitors • Diodes • LEDs • Relays • Transistors

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3. SENSORS • Study of different types of sensors • Touch sensors • Light sensor using LDR, photo transistor and photo diode. • Infrared sensor using IR diode, and IR detectors • Obstacle detectors • Fire sensor • Actuator • Types of actuators used in robotics

SECTION 4 : AN INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATED CIRCUITS:1. HARDWARE FUNDAMENTALS • Basic Electronic • Digital Electronic • Definition of an IC • Types • Identification • Field of application 2. STUDY OF SOME BASIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS • Study of basic logic gates • Identification of ICs used for logic gates • Working principle of op-amps and comparators • Basic Darlington Transistor Devices (ULN2003) • Controlling a robot with its own brain • Designing of logic circuits • How to implement logic using electronic hardware 3. MOTOR DRIVER • Relays-Transistor Motor Driver • Motor Driving using Darlington Transistors (ULN Devices) • H-Bridge Motor Driver • Detailed working of L293D • Introduction to Pulse Width Modulation

SECTION 5 :

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BASICS OF A MICROCONTROLLER:1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER • Brief introduction of Microcontroller • INTEL, Philips, AVR, Microchip 2. THE 8051 ARCHITECTURE • Hardware Details • 8051 Registers • Memory Organization • Port Organization • On Chip Peripherals 3. 8051 INTERRUPTS 4. INSTRUCTION SET • Addressing Modes • Programming Languages 5. PROGRAMMING THE 8051 • Programming Tools and Techniques • Software tools • Programming 8051 using Keil C • Writing program using the Keil IDE • Hardware Tools

SECTION 7 : PRACTICALS ON THE MICROCONTROLLER:1. INTERFACING OF INPUT DEVICES • Linear Keys • Matrix Keypads i. How they work ii. How to interface with microcontroller • Opto Couplers i. What are optocoupler? ii. Interfacing Opto-Isolators • Connecting sensors to the microcontroller i. Interfacing IR sensors, Light Sensors, etc to the microcontroller. ii. Learning Analog to Digital Conversion. 2. INTERFACING OF OUTPUT DEVICES • Led z

i. Different types of led. ii. How it works iii. How LEDS will rotate iv. How to connect with microcontroller v. What is sourcing & sinking? • Seven Segment Display i. What are the types of display? ii. Difference between Common Anode and Cathode • Relays i. Connecting different types of relays with the microcontroller • Piezo Buzzer i. Connecting buzzer to your system. • Driving circuits i. How to drive stepper motor using various motor Drivers. ii. How to drive a DC Motor using various motor drivers. • On Chip Timer i. What is a timer? ii. How does a 51timer works? iii. How to make accurate delay using timer iv. Timer Interrupts v. How to write code for timer? • On Chip Counter i. Counter Interrupts ii. How does it work? iii. What are the different modes of counter? iv. How to write code? • External Interrupt i. What is an interrupt? ii. How does it work? iii. How to write code?

SECTION 8 : DESIGNING ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY:1. BREAD BOARDING TECHNIQUES 2. USING UNIVERSAL PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS. 3. DESIGNING OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS. • Different softwares available. • Using ‘Dip Trace’ in Detail. • Adding removing components. • Nitty gritties of Track Width, hole diameter etc. • Intro to double sided PTH PCBs. z

• Designing a PCB (Hands On). i. Motor Driver Board ii. IR Sensor Board iii. Comparator Circuit Board iv. Remote Circuit Board • Layout designing • Overview of Manufacturing of PCB • Soldering of various circuit boards

SECTION 9 : ASSEMBLING VARIOUS KINDS OF ROBOTS:1. ASSEMBLING THE WIRED ROBOT • Fixing and aligning the mechanical assembly. • Placing the motor Driver Circuit • Connecting the wired remote control 2. ASSEMBLING THE BASIC LINE FOLLOWER • Basic Principle of Color Sensing • Basic Principle of a Line Follower • Assembling of the line follower • Assembling of the sensors • Assembling the whole system to the Motor Driver 3. ASSEMBLING THE BASIC ROBODOG ( OBJECT CHASER) • Basic Principle of Object Sensing • Basic Principle of an Object Chaser • Assembling of the Object Chaser • Assembling of the sensors • Assembling the whole system to the Motor Driver 4. ASSEMBLING THE ADVANCED LINE FOLLOWER • Mounting the microcontroller board • Connecting the sensors to the controller. • Interfacing the Motor Driver Circuit. • Coding the Robot According to the Problem Statement. 5. ASSEMBLLING THE ADVANCED WALL FOLLOWER • Basic Principle of Wall Sensing • Connecting the sensors to the controller. • Coding the Robot According to the Problem Statement.

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6. ASSEMBLING THE ADVANCED OBSTACLE AVOIDER • Basic Principle of Obstacle Sensing • Connecting the sensors to the controller. • Coding the Robot According to the Problem Statement.

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