Metal Detecting Bot.docx

6. METAL DETECTING BOT 6.1 Introduction The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle that can sense metals ahead of it on its path similar to sensing land mines. The robot is controlled by a remote using RF technology. 6.2 Wireless Metal Detector Robot Circuit Principle The proposed system consists of transmitter and receiver circuit. The transmitter circuit transmits the commands required to operate the robot. The receiver circuit receives these commands through RF and moves the robot according to the received commands. A metal detector is interfaced to the controller in the receiver side. Thus whenever any metal is detected the robot stops there and buzzer starts ringing. 6.3 Wireless Metal Detector Robot Block Diagram 6.3.1 Transmitter Side

Fig 6.1 Block diagram of transmitter side

6.3.2 Receiver Side

Fig 6.2 Block diagram of receiver side

6.4 Wireless Metal Detector Robot Circuit Diagram 6.4.1 Transmitter Circuit:

Fig 6.3 Transmitter circuit

6.4.2 Receiver Circuit:

Fig 6.4 Receiver Circuit

6.5 Circuit Components: 6.5.1Hardware Components: 

AT89c51 microcontroller

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RF encoder and decoder

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RF transmitter and receiver pair

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Push buttons

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Buzzer

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Robot

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L293d

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Connecting Wires

6.5.2Software Components: 

Keil software

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Sunrom

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Proteus

6.6 Software Description KEIL Software (KEIL µVision IDE) The µVision IDE combines project management, run-time environment, build facilities, source code editing, and program debugging in a single powerful environment. µVision is easy-to-use and accelerates your embedded software development. µVision supports multiple screens and allows you to create individual window layouts anywhere on the visual surface. The µVision Debugger provides a single environment in which you may test, verify, and optimize your application code. The debugger includes traditional features like simple and complex breakpoints, watch windows, and execution control and provides full visibility to device peripherals. With the µVision Project Manager and Run-Time Environment you create software application using pre-build software components and device support from Software Packs. The software components contain libraries, source modules, configuration files, source code templates, and documentation.

Proteus The Proteus Design Suite is a Windows application for schematic capture, simulation, and PCB layout design. It can be purchased in many configurations, depending on the size of designs being produced and the requirements for microcontroller simulation. All PCB Design products include an auto router and basic mixed mode SPICE simulation capabilities. The micro-controller simulation in Proteus works by applying either a hex file or a debug file to the microcontroller part on the schematic. It is then co-simulated along with any analog and digital electronics connected to it. This enables it's used in a broad spectrum of project prototyping in areas such as motor control, temperature control and user interface design. Microchip Technologies PIC10, PIC12, PIC16, PIC18, PIC24, dsPIC33 Microcontrollers. 

Atmel AVR (and Arduino), 8051 and ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontrollers

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NXP 8051, ARM7, ARM Cortex-M0 and ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontrollers.

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Texas Instruments MSP430, PICCOLO DSP and ARM Cortex-M3 Microcontrollers.

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Parallax Basic Stamp, Freescale HC11, 8086 Microcontrollers.

Sunrom It is software used to dump the programing code into the 8051 microcontroller.

6.7 Circuit Design of Metal Detector Robot using Microcontroller The metal detection robot project can be divided into sections 1) Transmitter section, 2) Receiver section. The transmitter section consists of RF encoder, RF transmitter and Push buttons. RF encoder IC used here is HT12E.It is an 18 pin IC .The 4-bit binary input is applied to the decoder through the AD0, AD1, AD2, AD3 pins. The TE pin enables the transmission when it is low.A0-A7 are the address pins used for secured transmission. These pins are connected to ground in the transmitter circuit. The 4-bit data is transmitted to the RF transmitter parallelly. This is transmitted to the RF receiver serially. Input is given to the encoder through buttons. The RF pair operates with a frequency of 434 kHz. Receiver section consists of AT89c51 microcontroller, RF decoder, RF receiver, metal detector, buzzer, L293d IC and robot.

The data received is applied to the RF decoder. The RF decoder used here is HT12D. Decoded inputs are connected port 2 of the microcontroller. The four data pins D0-D3 are connected to the Port P2.0 – P2.3.The decoded data is applied to the microcontroller which controls the movement of the robot. The buzzer is connected to the port 3.4 and this rings when any metal is detected in its path. Metal detector is connected to the pin 3.2 of the microcontroller. Here in place of metal detector a push button is connected. Metal detector plays a main role in the circuit. This will have an oscillator inside it, which produces an alternating current that passes through the coil producing an alternating magnetic field. When any metal is present near the coil this induces magnetic field and thus it can be detected by using another coil which detects the change in the field. L293d is a motor driving IC .This IC is used to drive the motors.L293d has h-bridge internally 6.8 Wireless Metal Detection Robot Circuit Working 

Initially burn the code into the microcontroller using Sunrom.

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Now switch on the power supply for the circuit.

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Now send the command ‘1’ using the transmitter.

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This is transmitted to the receiver.

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At the receiver side receiver receives these commands and moves the robot according to the commands.

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The following commands moves the robot in the specified directions •

Forward

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Backward

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Left

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Right

While robot is moving if any metal is detected in its path, the robot stops there ringing the buzzer.

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Again it starts moving when the commands are sent from the transmitter.

6.9 Metal Detector Robot Circuit Algorithm 

Take five inputs at port 2 of 8051. Four inputs from receiver side and one from buzzer

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Make four conditions from the inputs taken from receiver side

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The following conditions are

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Forward

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Backward

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Right

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Left

Take outputs from port 1 and give it to L293D Motor Driver

6.10 Microcontroller based Metal Detector Robot Applications •

These robots are used in detecting landmines.

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Robots are used for in detecting the minerals present in the ground.

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These robots are used for detecting the bombs.

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These can be used in construction industry for locating steel bars present in concrete.

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They are used in airports and building security to detect the weapons.

6.11 Limitations of the Circuit The transmitter can operate the robot only in the range of RF that is approximately 30 metres.