Message Pad 2000 Tech Article

Newton MessagePad 2000 Tech Article

Worldwide Apple Assist Apple Computer, Inc. January 1997

Copyright © 1997 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, Macintosh, PowerBook are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. registered in the U.S. and other countries. Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Corporation. Tektronix is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

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Contents Preface

vi

Introduction

1

Overview 1 Features

1

Organization functions 1 Built-in communications2 Expandable functions Configuration

2

Compatibility

3

Developer Support

2

3

Feature Summary3 Technical Specifications4 Newton Intelligence

4

Newton Recognition Architecture

4

Newton Communications Architecture4 Intelligent Assistance Architecture

4

Newton Hardware Architecture 5 Bundled Software6 Word Processor 6 Spreadsheet Features

6

6

Installing QuickFigure Works 7 Removing QuickFigure Works 7 Installation Requirements Compatibility

7

Known bugs

8

7

Technical Support8 Internet e-mail client

9

EnRoute i-net features

9

Basic Requirements

9

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Installation

9

Connecting

10

Web broswer

10

Features

11

Description

11

NetHopper Requirements11 Wireless Options 11 Common Technical Questions 12 Other considerations Comparison Software

12

14

15

Operating System15 Hardware Abstraction Layer

15

Telephony 16 Application Layer 16 TAPI (Telephony API)

16

SPI (Service Provider Interface)17 Protocol Stack and Driver Phone Management

17

17

Call Management 17 Hand Set Management

17

System Hardware Control

18

Back lighting User Preference 18 Power Management

19

System Clock Speed

19

Battery Performance

19

Hardware 20 StrongArm 110 Overview20 StrongArm-110 Features21 Architecture

21

Description of the StrongArm microprocessor 22 Service and Support Engineering

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Bus Interface Logic Write Buffer

22

22

Core Logic 22 Registers 22 Instruction Set

23

Memory-Management Units Cache

24

24

Instruction Cache24 Data Cache Clocks

24

24

Boundary-Scan Test Logic Signal Lines

25

Appendix A

27

25

Apple® MessagePad® Cellular Phone Solutions What you need

27

27

Component Description 27 Cellular Solutions28 Landline Solutions Appendix B

29

31

Frequently Asked Questions Appendix C

35

Accessories

35

31

Accessory Brief 35 Accessory Table 37

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Preface Purpose

The purpose of this article is to provide technical information about the Newton MessagePad 2000 hand held computer.

Audience

The intended audience for this material is Apple and Apple partner sales and support personnel.

About This Article

This Tech Article address the Newton MessagePad 2000 hand held computer. Topics covered in this brief are physical and electrical characteristics, features, comparison to other MessagePads, and the competition. Some information in this document is based on knowledge of previous products, for additional information please refer to the specific product . Version 1.0

Using This Article

This Tech Article is formatted to meet the needs of the sales professional and the more technical needs of the Systems Engineer. The first sections of this brief include general system information such as features and specifications; the later sections of the brief click-down on functional areas of the MP 2000 for additional technical information. The appendix contains information on cellular and lan connection solutions, and frequently asked questions.

Document Abbreviations CPU

central processing unit

DMA

direct memory access

DRAM

dynamic RAM

GB

gigabytes

Hz

hertz

I/O

input and output

IC

integrated circuit

K

1000

KB

kilobytes

MB

megabytes

MHz

megahertz

ns

nanoseconds

RAM

random access memory

ROM

read-only memory

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Introduction

Overview The Apple MessagePad 2000 is a convenient light weight handheld computer that weighs under a pound and a half, but puts all the business applications you need–word processor, spreadsheet, datebook, contacts, and to-do lists–at your fingertips. For complete mobility, slip a modem into one of the PC Card slots and send and receive e-mail and faxes, or connect to the Internet or an intranet. When paired with your cellular phone or wireless modem, and connect from virtually anywhere. The MessagePad 2000 uses the new StrongARM processor, a fast processor that allows it to run up to 10 times faster than any previous model. It also includes more memory. The larger backlit screen displays sharp graphics in 16 levels of gray at 100 dots per inch. And the internal microphone and speaker allow you to record and playback voice notes. The MessagePad 2000 includes all the cables and software you need to connect to your Mac OS– or Windows computer. It lets you import and export data and make backups; and it can deliver over 24 hours of continuous battery life.

Features The MessagePad 2000 hand held computer with the Newton 2.1 Operating System comes with many built-in features that provide organization and communication functions, flexible expansion functions, and compatibility with most Newton 2.0 application . It is built for life on the road, it is compact, weighs less than 1.5 pounds, has all the essentials for on-the-go computing, and is very power thrifty.

Organization functions The built-in software includes business software programs for word processing, e-mail management, World Wide Web browsing, and Service and Support Engineering

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spreadsheet functions. Other time management and productivity tools functions include: freeform notes, outlines, lists, and phone logs for notes; a calendar and To Do List for planning; customizable name and address files; and time-zone maps, currency exchange, and a calculator.

Built-in communications The built-in communications capabilities of the MessagePad 2000 include a variety of connections for global or local communications, from hard wired to infrared. It can access the internet using a number of protocols and a World Wide Web browser. Supported protocols are TCP/IP, PPP, SLIP, PAP, and CHAP. The Newton Connection Utilities included the purchase price, enables you to import and export data, install software, and back up files to your personal computer. Other important communication functions are; send and receive faxes and electronic mail using an optional wired or wireless modem; print formatted letters and notes using Apple printers, IrDA printers, and serial or parallel printers with the optional Print Pack; beam notes, messages, packages, schedules, and business cards via built-in infrared communications; and assists in making phone calls and finding information.

Expandable functions Functionality of the MessagePad 2000 can be expanded using the PC Card slot, the serial port, or by software. There are two slots for PC Card peripherals that can be used for modems, pagers, wireless communicators, or storage cards. A serial port is also available to connect to personal computers, printers, the Newton Keyboard, or external modems. Besides hardware expansion, the MP 2000 supports a variety of third-party productivity, finance, time and billing, and information management software.

Configuration The MessagePad 2000 comes standard with 5MB RAM and 8MB of ROM, Cirrus Voyager chip set, low-power, backlit screen with 16level gray scale, microphone, and speaker. Options include a lightweight, touch-type keyboard (available as standard in some configurations), NiMh rechargeable battery pack, AC adapter, and additional flash memory cards.

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Compatibility The Newton 2.1 operating system supports most applications that currently run under Newton 2.0, and has been optimized for additional features in the MessagePad 2000, including voice notes, gray scale screen technology, and a new auto docking feature.

Developer Support Over 250 developers and solutions providers and 300 systems integrators and value added resellers worldwide support the awardwinning Newton platform. Of these, many have announced their support for the MessagePad 2000 and have already developed thirdparty applications. In addition, several major hardware developers, including Digital Ocean, Harris, and Schlumberger, are building their own information appliances based on the Newton operating system. A variety of vertical applications have already been developed by third parties which meet specific user needs, including healthcare patient record management, field service route delivery, and sales force automation.

Feature Summary The MessagePad 2000 measures 1.1 x 4.7 x 8.3 inches and weighs just 1.4 pounds Four AA alkaline batteries or a nickel-metal-hydride (NiMh) battery pack will power the device for three to six weeks on just a one-hour charge, enough to keep going on a plane trip around the world. The computer comes configured with a browser and e-mail software; installed business applications include a word processor, spreadsheet and Newton dates, names, and notes applications. The MessagePad 2000 can exchange data with the major Windows and Macintosh personal information management applications, including Microsoft Schedule+, Lotus Organizer, and Claris Organizer, using the Newton Connection Utilities, included. An instant on feature brings the computer to life without bootup. When at home or in the office, the MessagePad 2000 can be connected and synchronized with a Windows or Mac OS desktop computer. The two Type II PC Card slots support wired and wireless communications solutions, and is expansion for applications and memory cards. Service and Support Engineering

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The Newton 2.1 operating system supports most applications that currently run under Newton 2.0, and have been optimized for the additional features of the MessagePad 2000, such as voice notes, gray scale screen technology, and a new auto docking feature.

Technical Specifications

Newton Intelligence Newton intelligence is divided into three architectural areas; Newton's ability to recognize printed and cursive input data; the capability to transfer information between it and other computers; and to transfer information that understood by other computers.

Newton Recognition Architecture The MessagePad 2000 recognizes handwriting–printed, cursive, or a mixture of the two–with the assistance of a 93,000-word, built-in word list; additionally it lets you add your personal word list to the built-in word list. In addition to handwriting recognition, the MP 2000 will also recognizes graphics and symmetrical objects. There are four pop-up keyboards available that to assist you with : typewriter, numeric, phone, and time/date functions.

Newton Communications Architecture Hardware for the MP 2000 has built-in support for serial communications, an external keyboard, and PC Card modems, for sending and receiving faxes, and e-mail. The software of the MP 2000 provides a single user interface for modular, object-oriented communications services. For compatibility with many communication devices, the MP 2000 supports Group 3 and Class II fax machines

Intelligent Assistance Architecture The intelligent assistance architecture of the MP 2000 helps users effortlessly complete repetitive tasks including communications, Service and Support Engineering

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scheduling, finding, and reminding. It maintains a base of smart defaults that anticipate your needs, saving you time while entering data. The MP 2000 integrates data from different built-in applications to provide additional time and storage savings. The architecture of the MP 2000 supports third-party extensions that enhanced performance and provide unique services.

Newton Hardware Architecture The hardware of the MessagePad 2000 is based on the latest RISC processor and other industry leading technologies. A component list of the MP 2000 and some of the functions: StrongARM 110 RISC processor at 161.9 MHz Apple custom system chip set 5MB RAM (1MB of DRAM, 4MB of Flash RAM) 8MB of mask ROM Low-power, transflective 4.9 in. by 3.3 in. (129.8 mm by 83.2 mm) LCD display with EL backlight (480 by 320 pixels at 100 dpi, with 16-level grayscale) Nonglare resistive tablet and pen Two Type II PC Card slots Newton InterConnect™ external port support: Serial RS-422–compatible serial connections or LocalTalk Serial modem interface Power in and out Audio in and out (line level) Autodock support One internal serial slot support: Serial RS-422–compatible serial connections or LocalTalk Serial modem interface Serial keyboard (option) Power in and out Audio in and out (line level) Dual-mode infrared transceiver for wireless data transfer at up to 115 Kbits/s (IrDA mode) and 38.4 Kbits/s (ASK mode) within 3.28 ft. (1 m) Keyboard (included with some configurations) Built-in speaker Built-in microphone Fast charge for optional Newton Rechargeable Battery Pack that charges in 1 hour when not operating Optional external Newton 9W Power Adapter for unit operation or fast charging of Newton Rechargeable Battery Pack Service and Support Engineering

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Protective removable screen lid Integral pen storage

Bundled Software The MessagePad 2000 comes bundled with tools to help the new user become productive shortly after opening the package. The bundled software includes four productivity applications; word processor, spreadsheet, an internet e-mail client, and a World Wide Web browser.

Word Processor To be completed

Spreadsheet The spreadsheet for the MP 2000 is QuickFigures Works, by Pelican, Inc. It is a full-featured spreadsheet application that allows you to create and edit spreadsheets from within the Newton Works application. A spreadsheet is a document you can use to store, analyze, manipulate, and calculate data such as numbers, formulas, or text. QuickFigure Works includes a charting utility called QChart that lets you present your spreadsheet data visual. Some versions of QuickFigure Works may also include QuickFigure Exchange, an application that enables you to directly exchange spreadsheet data with Microsoft’s Excel .

Features QuickFigure Works is easy to use, you do not have to be a spreadsheet expert to understand and use QuickFigure Works. QuickFigure Works is great for storing, calculating, managing, and communicating personal information as well as business and academic data. Its uses span the spectrum from balancing a checkbook, keeping track of work hours, creating invoices to recording and calculating the results from a science lab.

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Installing QuickFigure Works QuickFigure Works is pre-installed on your MP 2000. QuickFigure Exchange may also be pre-installed, depending on which Newton device you have. The packages appear in the extensions drawer as the following: QuickFigure Works QFNewtWorks:donv QuickFigure Exchange qfexch3:donv If QuickFigure is not installed or if you deleted one of the packages but wish to reinstall it later, simply install the appropriate package from the disk or CD to your Newton device with any appropriate installation utility. For complete instructions on installing packages to your Newton device, see your MessagePad User’s Manual.

Removing QuickFigure Works If you wish to completely remove QuickFigure Works from your MP 2000, open the Extras Drawer and go to the extensions folder. Make the “scrub” gesture over the QFNewtWorks icon. If QuickFigure Exchange is installed, it can be removed in the same way. See Installing QuickFigure Works above to reinstall QuickFigure Works.

Installation Requirements QuickFigure Works Requires the Newton Works application to be installed QuickFigure Exchange Requires Excel 5.0 or subsequent version. The Macintosh desktop computer QuickFigure Exchange requires Apple Modem Tool and AppleTalk ADSP Tool be in the Extensions folder of the System Folder. Note: If Newton Connection Utilities or Newton Backup Utility is installed, these files will already be in the appropriate folder.

Compatibility QuickFigure Works 1.0 is not compatible with worksheets created by QuickFigure Pro, the stand-alone spreadsheet application. Service and Support Engineering

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However, cells from a worksheet created by QuickFigure Works can be copied and pasted into a QuickFigure Pro worksheet, and viceversa. QuickFigure Works 1.0 has been tested on Apple eMate™ 300s and MessagePad 2000s running Newton 2.1. It is NOT compatible with Newton 1.x or 2.0.

Known bugs 1. When multiplying large integers within a formula, Works will return the wrong result if the answer is greater than 536,870,912, due to an overflow situation. This will not happen to real numbers, so if a work around is needed, add a decimal point and zero to the number you are multiplying to make it a real number. Values in cells are always treated as real numbers, so this is only an issue in a formula. For instance, the following formula: =123456789*10 would result in an incorrect result. However, =123456789.0*10 would give the proper result. If the value 123456789 were entered into cell C2 and then =C2*10 were entered into another cell, the value would be correct (since values in cells are always treated as real numbers).

Technical Support PelicanWare Internet: [email protected] CompuServe: 70540,2422 Web site: http://www.pelicanware.com Phone: (503) 221-1148 Fax: (503) 221-8709 US Mail: PelicanWare, Inc. 550 SW Park Ave Suite 270 Portland, OR 97205

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Internet e-mail client The Internet e-mail client for the MP 2000 is EnRoute ™ i-net, a Newton OS application. EnRoute delivers messages to and from LAN-based e-mail systems and the Internet. Many features and improvements of EnRoute i-net take advantage of the Newton 2.1 OS (Operating System). When traveling with a Newton device and a modem, you can easily send and receive Internet messages. EnRoute i-net goes beyond traditional Internet e-mail by integrating the Newton OS with Internet mail. You can send and receive items created on the MessagePad using EnRoute i-net. Uniquely, this software will transmit content created by the MessagePad as Newton data. You have the benefit of sending Notepad entries, Name cards, and even Newton packages across the Internet. You will be able to communicate MessagePad to MessagePad, MessagePad to desktop, and even desktop to MessagePad.

EnRoute i-net features • Sends and receives e-mail from users on the Internet. • Sends messages composed on the Newton device. • Is fully Newton 2.1 OS savvy, including support of “Newton ink”. • Retrieves and sends messages to an Internet account automatically • Works with Newton OS Intelligent Assist. • Uses Plug-in architecture for feature enhancements.

Basic Requirements • A Newton running the 2.1 operating system • At least 200 Kilobytes of free storage space • A desktop computer to install the software. Note: For best results, you should install EnRoute i-net in the internal memory of your MP 2000, certain components will not install if you select the external memory card.

Installation To install EnRoute i-net you need: Macintosh platform Service and Support Engineering

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• Connection to a Macintosh system running System 7.x or later. A DIN-8 male-to-male cable. This is the standard cable provided with the Apple MessagePad and earlier Newton Connection Kit (NCK) software. Windows platform • Connection to a PC system running MS Windows 3.1, or Windows 95. A DIN-8 male-to-DB9 or DB25 cable depending on your PC COMM port. This is the standard cable provided with the Apple MessagePad and earlier NCK software. Software • Newton Connection Utilities supplied with the MessagePad 2000. Refer to instructions supplied with NCU. • Newton Backup Utility or Newton Package Installer. The Newton Backup Utility or Newton Package Installer can be used to install EnRoute i-net. Newton Package Installer is included on the EnRoute i-net Installer disk.

Connecting • Apple MessagePad compatible modem, internal or external. • Internet Service Provider (ISP) subscription, to use EnRoute i-net. • POP/SMTP e-mail account set up on your ISP. • Your Internet User name and password. • The access phone number of your ISP. • Newton Internet Enabler (NIE) software installed and configured properly on your MessagePad 2000. Please refer to the documentation provided with the Newton Internet Enabler software for additional setup information. NIE comes pre-loaded on a MessagePad 2000.

Web broswer NetHopper® is an easy-to-use, text-based World Wide Web (WWW) browser for use with the Newton 2.0 Operating System from AllPen Software. The MP 2000 with NetHopper creates a powerful, pocket-sized tool for connecting to the Internet, you can access the WWW anywhere...anytime.

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Features: • Supports HTML forms • Supports hypertext links, radio buttons, and more... • Allows wireless connection to Wireless Options the WWW • Supports landscape and portrait modes on Newton PDAs • Saves history of 25 most recently visited WWW pages • Allows user to bookmark favorite pages • Works with all Newton-compatible modems • Caches pages for viewing off-line

Description NetHopper supports many standard HTML (hypertext markup language) features. One feature, the forms feature allows you to submit information on-line. For example, you can trace a Federal Express package, order flowers through FTD Internet, make airline and hotel reservations, or get up-to-the-minute stock information. When you find a page that is useful and will be frequently accessed, save the page location by marking it with a bookmark. After placing a bookmark for a page, you do not have to enter the URL (Universal Resource Locator) each time you want to access that page; simply use the bookmark to go directly to that page. NetHopper can be used with any Newton compatible modem. When NetHopper is used with a Motorola Cellect PCMCIA card and a cellular phone, or with Metricom's Ricochet portable modem, the web is available anywhere, at any time!

NetHopper Requirements * MessagePad 2000 running 2.1 Operating System * Newton compatible modem * Internet Service Provider (ISP) account which supports PPP or SLIP

Wireless Options * Motorola Cellect PCMCIA card and a cellular phone * Metricom's Ricochet portable RF modem Service and Support Engineering

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Common Technical Questions Will my ISP support NetHopper? If your ISP support PPP or SLIP connections, you will be able to dial-in and use NetHopper. You can either contact your ISP, or you might try accessing The List, which is an index of thousands of ISPs worldwide. What modems can I use with my Newton? Any Hayes compatible modem will work with NetHopper and the Newton. Will NetHopper support graphics? No, NetHopper is a text-only Web browser. We did investigate the possibility, and found that most GIFs and JPEGs on the Web didn't translate well to the small, two-color screen. Images also take much longer to download. How much memory does NetHopper require? The application requires about 250K, and the cache size is user defined. Keep in mind that most web pages are about 3-5K. What's the difference between NetHopper 1.0 and NetHopper 2.0? NetHopper 1.0 utilizes a Macintosh gateway application which allows multiple Newtons to access the WWW through one Internet connection. NetHopper connects directly using TCP/IP for the Newton. Will NetHopper work on an older Newton MessagePad? No, NetHopper only works with Newton 2.x operating system or above. The TCP stack which NetHopper requires in order to connect to an ISP has not been developed for anything less than the 2.0 operating system.

Other considerations These facts are also available in the Readme file. Using NetHopper with a MessagePad 2000 The NetHopper browser uses the Newton Internet Enabler to obtain a connection to your Internet Service Provider. Please be sure that you have your Internet Setup configured correctly, prior to using NetHopper. Faxing and printing large documents

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Due to system memory constraints, you may experience system resets if you attempt to fax, print, and/or view previews of large or complex documents. Receiving a NetHopper beam in the Inbox We recommend that you enable “Put away beams automatically” in your Beam Prefs prior to receiving a NetHopper beam. In doing so, a received NetHopper beam will automatically be placed in your NetHopper cache. A NetHopper beam can not be viewed and/or routed from the In Box. Line drops while connecting The phone line may drop while NetHopper is attempting a connection. NetHopper has no way of detecting the line going down once a login has been established with the Internet Service Provider(ISP). This also includes, hanging up due to browser inactivity by the ISP. Problems may occur in NetHopper if the line is ‘dead’ and NetHopper is still active. If this happens, please reset your MessagePad and modem and retry a connection attempt. NetHopper page layout The NetHopper browser does customize a web page layout for display on the MessagePad screens. To improve readability, NetHopper will left justify all text, unless otherwise noted with an HTML tag. However, images will be displayed on screen based on the HTML alignment tags. Using Metricom’s Ricochet modem There are several versions of Ricochet available. If you have problems connecting, contact Metricom at (408) 399-8200 or www.ricochet.net to ensure that you have the latest Ricochet update. Using email applications with NetHopper To send a message when tapping a mailto tag on a Web page, you must have an email application configured properly. If you do not have an email application configured properly, a sendmail form will still appear, but you will be unable to send your mail. Using NetHopper with other Newton devices The NetHopper browser will only run on an Apple MessagePad 2000. If you wish to run NetHopper browser on other Newton devices, then please contact AllPen Software at (408) 399-8800.

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Comparison The following chart compares the MP 2000 Handheld computer to its predecessor, the Newton MessagePad 130.

MessagePad Comparison Component

MessaegPad 130

MessagePad 2000

Processor

ARM 610 RISC

StrongArm 110

Speed

20 MHz

161.9 MHz

RAM

2.5 MB

5 MB

ROM

8 MB

8 MB

Batteries

4 AA

4 AA Alkaline

Screen

240 x 320 pixels

480 x 320 pixels

Lid

Flip-up, detachable

Flip-up, detachable

Pen

Telescopic

Solid

PC Card Slot

1 – Type II

2 type II

Size inches (mm)

8 x 4 x 1.2

8.3 x 4.7 x 1.1

(20.32 x 10.16 x 2.9)

(210.3 x 118.7 x 27.5)

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Software

Operating System This is an overview describing the software on the MessagePad 2000 hardware platform. The Newton OS 2.0 platform release forms the base of the MP 2000 software system. The Newton OS 2.0 software release is enhanced with incremental additions that will make up the Newton OS 2.1 system. MP 2000 specific software will build on the Newton OS 2.1 software feature set and available optional modules to create an Apple specific MP 2000 software system. All of the MP 2000 specific functionality will be implemented through APIs and features. A general idea of the operating system components and how they relate to the MP 2000 hardware is shown in the following model.

Q Software Licensee API 2.1

2.0

Q Hardware

Hardware Abstraction Layer

Software Component Relationship

Hardware Abstraction Layer The HAL is the interface that connects the software to the hardware. Systems managed by HAL include BIOS low memory vectors, power, interrupts, timers and calendar, communications, PCMCIA, DMA, system configuration, memory configuration, sound, booting and diagnostics.

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Parts of the abstraction layer and the optional area, as well as the OS 2.1, and MP 2000 software components, are specific to the MP 2000. The 2.0 operating system area is common to the previous Newton OS.

Telephony Telephony support in this operation system is responsible for wireless communications between the MP 2000 and remote systems. The software framework for telephony used for the MP 2000 is implemented in four layers; Application, Device Abstraction, Protocol Stack, and driver. Generally, TAPI, the Telephony API, manages the connection between the application and the hardware using the configuration data base. The configuration data base contains device specific profile information and current device status. The framework is illustrated below.

Application Layer

Built In and Telephony Apps TAPI Configuration DB SPI

Device Abstraction Layer

Protocol Stack Layer Driver Layer

AMPS

CDPD

GSM

ATTA

TCP/IP

ATTA

ATI

CDPI

ATI

Telephony Framework

Application Layer The application layer provides the user interface and makes the appropriate calls to the Telephony API (TAPI).

TAPI (Telephony API) TAPI provides the application layer with device and service independent control of the telephone connection. Serviceindependence is accomplished through the configuration data base managed by TAPI. This data base contains profile information on the supported service providers. Typical TAPI interaction is eventdriven, the application is notified of changes in call or device status through asynchronous events. Service and Support Engineering

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SPI (Service Provider Interface) Device-independence is accomplished by creating a Service Provider Interface (SPI) for each device and fitting that into the TAPI framework. A Service Provider Interface (SPI) is required for each handset service. The current list of services, AMPS, CDPD and GSM each require separate SPI implementations.

Protocol Stack and Driver Below the TAPI, services are split into two layers, the communications protocol stack and the driver. The protocol stack contains an implementation of the communications protocol used by a service (CDPD uses TCP/IP for instance). The driver provides hardware control for a specific service.

Phone Management Phone management is divided into the following categories; Speaker Phone, Call Management (for making and receiving calls through the integrated cell phone), and Hand Set Management. Speaker phone uses the internal speaker for speaker phone applications.

Call Management Call management outlines the TAPI support required to make and receive calls. Hand Set Management covers requirements for displaying and exchanging hand set information on the MP 2000. Newton 2.x software supports the following TAPI commands:

Make_outgoing

Answer_ incoming

Hold

Unhold

Transfer

Conference

Drop

Forward

Disconnect

Offer

Hand Set Management Hand Set management requires reading status data from the hand set through the telephone interconnect, interpreting the data and displaying or manipulating that data. The interface for control of these functions is in HAPI (Handset API). For each handset Service and Support Engineering

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supported (e.g., Motorola, Ericsson and Nokia), it is necessary to modify HAPI to read the appropriate registers on the hand set and interpret the data in a uniform way for presentation by the user interface.

System Hardware Control There are two major usage modes, system and user. The system mode has two sub operating modes; development and diagnostic. The User mode had three sub operation modes of operation: Run, Idle and Sleep. Normal operation takes place in the Run mode. Idle is a power saving mode. Sleep is the "power off" mode. The transition conditions between modes are outlined in the table below. To RUN From RUN

From IDLE

———

User interaction or external interrupt (ring detect)

To IDLE

To SLEEP

System control

User via on/off switch

———

User via on/off switch Or system control set by user prefs Question? question: do we suppress sleep if unit is attached to phone or ac power?

From SLEEP

User operates on/off switch or sets alarm

Go directly to run

———

Question? question: do we support wake up from sleep on ring detect?

Transition condition between operating modes

Back lighting User Preference The momentary back lighting can be turned on and off directly by the power switch. In addition a preference item will control the length of time the light remains illuminated.

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Power Management

System Clock Speed A user can manage system and battery resources of the MP 2000 by regulating the system clock speed. Battery life and system performance is a user preference item. Reducing the clock speed conserves batteries at the expense of system performance. A slider permits the user to choose among settings, offering lower performance and maximum battery life, medium performance and medium battery life and high performance and reduced battery life.

Battery Performance Battery performance is dependent on the mode the system operates. The are battery life to performance trade-offs for each operating mode; maximum battery life yields the lowest performance —about same performance as the MessagePad 130 (excluding software improvement) and medium performance yields medium battery life. High performance reduces battery life—performance is about 2 times that of the MessagePad 130 (excluding software improvement), battery life is 2 to 4 times that of the MessagePad 130 battery life.

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Hardware

StrongArm 110 Overview The Digital Semiconductor StrongArm-110 microprocessor (SA-110) is a high-performance, low-power RISC microprocessor. It is the latest implementation of Advanced RISC architecture that offers significant advances in microprocessor design. The SA-110 is a single chip general-purpose, 32-bit microprocessor with 16KB of instruction cache (Icache), 16KB of write-back data cache (Dcache), a write buffer, and a memory-management unit (MMU). The five-stage pipeline distributes tasks evenly over time to remove bottlenecks and ensure high throughput for the core logic. The onchip MMU supports the conventional two-level page-table structure with extensions, making it ideal for embedded control systems and object-oriented systems. These features result in a high instruction throughput and efficient real-time response.

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StrongArm-110 Features Internal clock nominal frequencies

100 MHz @ 1.65 V 160 MHz @ 1.65 V 200 MHz @ 2.0 V

High-performance benchmarks (est.)

115 V2.1 Dhrystone MIPS (100) 185 V2.1 Dhrystone MIPS (160) 230 V2.1 Dhrystone MIPS (200)

Onchip 32-way setassociative cache

16KB instruction cache 16KB write-back data cache

Five-stage pipeline

Sequenced tasks for high performance

Static operation

Low power consumption

MMU

Support for virtual memory

Power-down modes

Idle and sleep

Operating modes

Big and little endian

Write buffer

Improve system performance

I/O interface

3.3 V with independent programmable bus clock

Architecture Address bits 31:0

Address Buffer

Instruction Memory Management Unit

Test Access Port

Clock

Instruction Icache

Data Memory Management Unit

Write Buffer

PC Core Logic

Dcache

Control

Address

Load/Store Data bits 31:0

Block Diagram of the SA-110

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Description of the StrongArm microprocessor

Bus Interface Logic The bus interface logic consist of the control logic and the address register. The bus interface logic controls the bus interface, unplanned events such as interrupts, resets, and aborts; and can also enable or disable wrapping of read transactions and merging of write transactions. The bus interface can be configured to run synchronously or asynchronously to the core logic. In synchronous mode, the bus interface clock speed is the same as the core clock rate divided by a programmable integer value from 2 to 9 for a maximum of 66 MHz. In asynchronous mode the bus interface clock can be from 1 MHz to 66 MHz, clock signal is supplied by an external source.

Write Buffer The SA-110 has an 8-entry write buffer with each entry able to contain from 1 byte to 16 bytes. The write buffer is enabled and disabled by software; it is further controlled by a bit in the MMU page tables. So, the MMU must be enabled before the write buffer can be used; disabling the write buffer will cause buffer data to be purged.

Core Logic The core logic fetches and executes instructions using a five-stage pipeline. The five stages are: fetch, decode, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), cache, and write-back. This pipeline arrangement, using the on-chip ALU, distributes tasks evenly in time and contributes to the high performance of the core logic.

Registers The ARM architecture supports 30 general-purpose registers, 1 program counter, and 6 status registers. There are 16 general-purpose registers (including the PC register) and 1 or 2 status registers visible at any one time. The processor operating mode determines which registers can be seen.

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Instruction Set The core logic executes the ARM instruction set, which supports straightforward assembly language code programming. It does not depend upon sophisticated compilers to manage complicated instruction interdependence. There are eight instruction classes in the instruction set

Instruction Type Class Adder and Register

Two instruction classes use the on-chip ALU, barrel shifter, and multiplier to perform high-speed operations on the data in a bank of 16 logical (31 physical) 32-bit registers.

Data Transfer

Three instruction classes control data transfer between memory and the registers. The classes are optimized for flexible addressing, rapid context switching, and swapping data.

Execution

Two instruction classes control execution flow and execution privilege level.

Privileged

One instruction class accesses the privileged state of the SA-110.

Instruction Class Table

The core logic implements 32-bit virtual addresses and 32-bit physical addresses. A 12-bit multiplier with early termination performs multiplication. The number of cycles needed to perform a multiplication operation depends on the magnitude of the operands, as shown in the following table.

Multiplication Operation Result Size (signed or unsigned)

Operation Duration

32 x 32

32 bits

2—4 cycles

32 x 32 + 32

32 bits

2—4 cycles

32 x 32

64 bits

3—5 cycles

32 x 32 + 64

64 bits

3—5 cycles

Core Logic Multiplication Function Table

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Memory-Management Units The SA-110 has two memory-management units: instruction (IMMU) and data (DMMU). Separate translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) are implemented for the instruction and data streams. The TLBs each have 32 entries that can each map a segment, a large page, or a small page. The TLB entry replacement algorithm is round-robin. The data TLB supports both the flush-all and the flush-single-entry function, while the instruction TLB supports only the flush-all function. Memory-management exceptions preserve the base address registers, eliminating the need for "fix-up" code.

Cache The SA-110 has a 16KB, 32-way, set-associative Icache with 32-byte blocks and a 16KB, 32-way, set-associative, write-back Dcache with 32-byte blocks.

Instruction Cache The Icache supports the flush-all-entry function, and the replacement algorithm is round-robin within a set. The Icache can be enabled or disabled independent of the memory-management function. When memory management is disabled, the Icache control logic considers all memory to be cacheable.

Data Cache The write-back Dcache supports the flush-all-entry, flush-entry, and copyback-entry functions. The copyback-all function is not provided in hardware but can be provided by software. The Dcache entries are allocated with read transactions and the entry replacement logic uses a round-robin algorithm.

Clocks A 3.68-MHz clock from a crystal-based clock generator is used to supply external timing to the SA-110; internally it uses a phaselocked loop (PLL) to multiply the frequency by a variable multiplier to produce a high-speed clock. The highspeed clock is then divided internally by a configurable ratio to provide a system clock for Service and Support Engineering

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synchronous operation. The 3.68-MHz oscillator and PLL run constantly in normal and idle mode.

Boundary-Scan Test Logic The SA-110 boundary-scan interface provides for driving and sampling all the external pins of the device except npwrslp, irrespective of the core logic state. This ability permits testing electrical connections to the circuit board and the Integrity of connections between devices having a similar interface on the circuit board.

Signal Lines The following figure shows the signal connections to and from the SA-110, signals are arranged in functional groups.

Address Bus

Clocks SA 110

Data Bus Interrupts

Bus Controls (in)

Test Access Port

Bus Control (out)

Power

Functional Group Signal Lines

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Appendix A

Apple® MessagePad® Cellular Phone Solutions This section provides information about Apple MessagePad compatible cellular modems available from third-party vendors. Using these modems, you can send and receive e-mail, fax, and access to certain on-line services.

What you need: MessagePad 120 or l30 with the Newton 2.0 OS Cellular Phone and Service Cellular PC Card Modem Apple Modem Enabler (included in Newton 2.0 OS) Modem Setup Package (included in Newton 2.0 Os) Connecting Cable

Component Description: Apple MessagePad —The MessagePad provides mobile business professionals with tools for managing and communicating information both in and away from the office, and the capability to seamlessly share information with Mac OS and Windows personal computers. To locate a MessagePad reseller near you, call 1-800-8090260 Cellular Phone and Service —Check with your local cellular phone retailer and service providers for product available and pricing information. Cellular PC Card Modems—These modems plug into the MessagePad's Type II PC Card slot. For more information on specific modems, call: Motorola — 1-800-331-6456 Nokia —1-800-666-5553 Ericssion — 1-800-227-3663

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Apple Modem Enabler—This pre-loaded software, in conjunction with Modern Setup Packages, allows the use of modems with your MessagePad. The software is also available on-line in the areas described below . Modem Setup Packages—Modem Setup Packages enable a MessagePad to configure modems. Packages are available within the Modem Enabler file utility that is available on-line at the following internet locations: America OnLine: Keyword "Newton" Software Libraries >Apple Software Compuserve: Go "APLSUP" File Library #14 or Go "Newton" File Library #8 Web site: http: //www.info.apple.com/newton Connecting Cable -This connects your cellular phone to a cellular PC Card modem. For information call: Motorola -1-800-331-6456 Nokia -1-800-666-5553 Ericsson - 1-800-227-3663

Cellular Solutions Cellular phone

Cellular Modem

Setup Package Cable

Motorola MicroTAC

Motorola Power or Moto Cellular CELLect PC card Modem

Included

Pioneer 700/720/900/920

Motorola Power or Moto Cellular CELLect PC card Modem

Included

Motorola MicroTAC Elite

Motorola Power or Moto Cellular CELLect PC card Modem

SKN4681

ATT3830, Nokia 121/PT128

Nokia PC Card Modem (DTP-3NA)

Nokia DTP-3NA Cellular

MDH-3A

ATT3850, Nokia 232

Nokia.PC Card Modem (DTP-3NA)

Nokia DTP-3NA Cellular

DLH-2A

ATT6650, Nokia 2120

Nokia PC Card Modem (DTP-3NA)

Nokia DTP-3NA Cellular

DKH3A

Ericsson Microportable Series

Ericsson Mobile Office Solution

Hayes EC

Included

Note: Newer and faster modems are available, check with your local dealer.

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Landline Solutions Manufacturer Model

PC Part Number Setup Card Package

Phone Number

AirFlex

FAXMODEM

√

2705

Hayes EC

413-263-6306

Apex Data

Data Mobile Plus 28.8

√

911-20641

Hayes EC

800-841-2739

Apex Data

Mobile Plus 14.4

√

911-20441

Hayes EC

800-841-2739

Apple

Newton PCMCIA Fax Modem

√

H0085LL/B

Newton Modem

800-SOS-APPL

Apple

Newton External Fax Modem

H0005Z/B

Newton Modem

800-SOS-APPL

AT&T

Keep In Touch Express 14.4 Modem

3760-B1-261

Hayes EC

800-554-4996

Boca

Boca 28.8 v.34

MV.34MA

Hayes EC

407-241-8088

Boca

Boca OnLine Express

M144AE

Hayes EC

407-241-8088

Ericsson

Ericsson Mobile Office √ Solution

DPY1011277

Hayes EC

800-227-3663

Hayes

Optima 28.8 v.34

08-02349

Hayes 28.8

770-441-1617

Hayes

Optima 144+ FAX for PCMCIA with EZjack

√

08-02252

Hayes EC

770-441-1617

Hayes

Optima 28.8 v.34+ FAX for PCMCIA with EZjack

√

08-02225

Hayes 28.8

770-441-1617

Megahertz

XJ3288

√

XJ3288

Megahertz Cruise 28.8

800-LAP-TOPS

Megahertz

CruiseCard 14.4

√

XJA2144

Hayes Compatible

800-LAP-TOPS

Megahertz

CruiseCard 28.8

√

XJA2288

Megahertz Cruise 28.8

800-LAP-TOPS

Motorola

LifeStyle 14.4 PCMCIA Data/Fax Modem

√

620954070004 0

Moto Landline

800-487-1456

Motorola

Power 14.4 PCMCIA Cellular Modem

√

620954070005 0

Moto 800-487-1456 Landline/Cellular

Motorola

CELLect 14.4 PCMCIA √ Cellular Modem

620954060001 0

Moto 800-487-1456 Landline/Cellular

NovaLink

NovaModem 144

√

NMX-14401-01

Hayes EC

800-668-2927

NovaLink

NovaModem 288

√

NMX-28801-01

Hayes 28.8

800-668-2927

Supra

COMcard 144

√

50-14PC-0

Hayes EC

800-727-8772

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Supra

FAX modem 288 (Macintosh version)

TDK

TDK Modem 28.8 Data/14.4 Fax*

Toshiba

Noteworthy 28.8

50-V34E-MC

Hayes 28.8

800-727-8772

√

DF2814V APB

TDK DF2814

800-999-4TDK

√

NW288CR

Hayes EC

800-999-4100

Important: Other modems not listed may be compatible using the Hayes setup scripts. * Requires country of origin picker for setup While a sample of these modems has been tested by Apple, modem manufacturer specifications are subject to change without notice, resulting in potential incompatibilities. Accordingly, Apple Computer, Inc. cannot guarantee the operability of any individual modem and will not be liable for damages resulting from the use of this information. Not responsible for typographical errors.

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Appendix B

Frequently Asked Questions about the Apple MessagePad 2000 Q: What is the MessagePad 2000? A: The MessagePad 2000 is the first in a new generation of handheld and mobile computers that leverage the company's pioneering Newton technology. The MessagePad 2000 is a complete mobile computer for the business professional, with core applications ranging from e-mail and Web access to personal productivity and desktop connectivity--all built in, ready to run, and tightly integrated (Note: modem and Internet service not included). Beyond Internet access, the MessagePad 2000 includes a built-in spreadsheet (available in most configurations) and word processor; a personal information manager with calendar, phone list and reminders; connection software and hardware for linking to both Windows and Macintosh desktops, and even built-in recording capability to take voice notes or record a meeting (up to an hour can be recorded on one 4 MB PC memory card). Q: What is the PC connectivity like? A: The MessagePad 2000 can exchange data with the major Windows and Macintosh personal information management applications, including Microsoft Schedule+, Lotus Organizer and Claris Organizer, using Apple's Newton Connection Utilities (which is included with the MessagePad 2000). Q: Will the MessagePad 2000 provide Internet access? A: The MessagePad 2000, designed for mobile computing, is a serious Internet/intranet device. It includes not only a built-in e-mail program and Web browser, but a screen that can display both text and GIF-formatted graphics from HTML pages, as well as a full page fax. Q: Why would someone use a Newton device over other products available to business users, like a laptop? A: Unlike a laptop, the MessagePad 2000 weighs just 1.4 lbs, provides three to six weeks of battery life based on typical usage, has handwriting input and recognition , instant boot-up and is easy to learn and use. The MessagePad 2000 is a complete mobile computer for the business professional, with core applications ranging from eService and Support Engineering

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mail and Web access to personal productivity and desktop connectivity--all built in, ready to run, and tightly integrated. Beyond Internet access, the MessagePad 2000 includes a built-in spreadsheet (available in most configurations) and word processor; a personal information manager with calendar, phone list and reminders; connection software and hardware for linking to both Windows and Macintosh computers, and even built-in recording capability to take voice notes or record a meeting (up to an hour can be recorded on one 4 MB PC memory card). In a nutshell, the MessagePad 2000 provides everything a mobile executive needs at a cost effective price. Q: How does the MessagePad 2000 differ from the current MessagePad 130? A: The MessagePad 2000 feature the 160 MHz StrongArm processor which dramatically increases processing power making the new devices up to 10 times faster in same usage as the current MessagePad 130. It also offers 5MB of RAM, a 16-level gray scale, 480 x320 screen, two Type II PCMCIA slots for communications and storage cards, a microphone for recording voice notes, auto docking capabilities and new bundled Internet and business productivity applications. Q: Can I upgrade my MessagePad 130? A: No. The MessagePad 2000 is a new member in the MessagePad product family. The MessagePad 130 remains in the product line as our entry level handheld computer. Q: How much will the MessagePad 2000 cost? A: Retail prices for the MessagePad 2000 are expected to begin at less than $1000, depending on configuration and reseller. Q: When will the MessagePad 2000 be available? A: The product will be available in the first calendar quarter of 1997. Q: Will current Newton applications run on the MessagePad 2000? A: The MessagePad 2000 and eMate 300 run the Newton 2.1 operating system. The Newton 2.1 operating system will support most applications that currently run under Newton 2.0, and has been optimized for the additional features of the MessagePad 2000 and the eMate 300, including voice notes, gray scale screen technology and a new auto docking feature. Q: What developers and licensees are you working with on these new products? A: Over 250 developers and solutions providers and 300 systems integrators and value added resellers worldwide support the awardwinning Newton platform. Of these, many have announced their support for the MessagePad 2000 and have already developed thirdService and Support Engineering

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party applications. In addition, several major hardware developers, including Digital Ocean, Harris and Schlumberger, are building their own information appliances based on the Newton operating system. A variety of vertical applications have already been developed by third parties which meet specific user needs, including healthcare patient record management, field service route delivery, and sales force automation.

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Appendix C

Accessories This section covers a brief description of the optional accessories available for the MessagePad 2000 followed by a table that includes the specification and the order number.

Accessory Brief Newton Press This easy-to-use software allows you to publish electronic documents such as travel itineraries, reference books, or sales charts on your personal computer for viewing and annotating on your MessagePad. Newton Keyboard Now you can enter information into your MessagePad as fast as you can type. The comfortable touch-type keyboard is lightweight and portable and comes with an attractive Service and Support Engineering

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carrying case, so you can take it wherever you take your MessagePad. It comes in several international versions. Newton 9W Power Adapter The Newton 9W Power Adapter lets you run your MessagePad using AC power and recharge the NiCad Rechargeable Battery Pack and the NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack. This adapter meets universal power requirements. (adapter plugs required for Europe, U.K., and Australia). Newton 9W Power Adapter with adapter plugs The Newton 9W Power Adapter lets you run your MessagePad using AC power and recharge the NiCad Rechargeable Battery Pack and the NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack. The base adapter meets universal power requirements. Adapter plugs for Europe, U.K., and Australia are included, making this a convenient, universal solution for professionals on the go. Newton Adapter Plug Pack Now you can use your Newton 9W Power Adapter anywhere in the world with the Adapter Plug Pack containing adapter plugs for Europe, U.K., and Australia for the international traveler. Newton Rechargeable Battery Pack This nickel-metal-hydride battery pack is a cost-effective way to run the MessagePad 2000. Print Pack The Print Pack allows you to use your parallel printer with your MessagePad. It works with most popular laser, dotmatrix, portable ink-jet, and thermal printers, as well as with printers compatible with MS-DOS and Windows– based computers. 2MB and 4MB Flash Storage Cards Use the 2MB or 4MB Storage Card to increase the storage capacity of your MessagePad, to back up your information, and to run more applications. Wireless Communications Case This case is the all-in-one solution for your MessagePad, cellular phone, wireless PC Cards, and various accessories—providing the ultimate in portability, protection, accessibility and design. MessagePad and Newton Keyboard Leather Carrying Case This “briefcase-style” , high-grade leather carrying case is the all-in-one solution for your MessagePad and Newton Keyboard. Plus, there’s plenty of storage space for PC Cards, business cards, keys, various accessories, and file folders—providing the best in protection and portability with comfortable handle and adjustable shoulder strap. MessagePad 2000 Pen This pen is designed to fit perfectly into your MessagePad 2000.

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Accessory Table Product Name

Specifications

Order Number

Newton Press for Macintosh

Same Macintosh requirements as Newton Connection Utilities for Macintosh

H0177Z/A

May require Newton serial cable or AppleTalk cable Newton Press for Windows

Same Windows requirements as Newton Connection Utilities for Windows

H0178Z/A

May require Newton serial cable for Windows Newton Keyboard

Includes attached serial cable and carrying case

X0035LL/A X0035B/A (U.K.) X0035D/A (Germany) X0035S/A (Sweden

Print Pack

Works with parallel printers: dot-matrix (80 or 120 column) printers, multiform printers, portable printers, and HP DeskJet and LaserJet printers

H0015LL/A

Newton 9W Power Adapter

Output 7.5 volts at 1.2 amp, universal 100 to 240 volts H0213LL/A right-angle adapter for U.S., Canada, and Japan

Newton 9W Power Adapter

Output 7.5 volts at 1.2 amp, universal 100 to 240 volts, right-angle adapter for with Adapter Plugs U.S., Canada, and Japan; right-angle adapter plugs for Europe, U.K., and Australia

H0214Z/A

Newton Adapter Plug Pack

Right-angle adapter plugs for Europe, U.K., and Australia—requires Newton 9W Power Adapter

H0220LL/A

Newton Rechargeable Battery Pack (see note)

Includes one nickel-metal-hydride battery pack for MessagePad 2000

H0212Z/A

Fast recharge (one hour) Keyboard Leather Carrying Case

High-quality leather, “briefcase-style” carrying case with space for a MessagePad, Newton Keyboard, PC Cards, assorted accessories, file folders, business cards, and notes

H0228Z/A

Wireless Communications Case

High-quality black leather with space for a MessagePad, cellular phone and more

H0181Z/A

Newton Serial Adapter

Serial adapter for the MessagePad 2000 only

H0227Z/A

Newton InterConnect (26 pin) to Din 8 Supports RS-422 and LocalTalk compatible serial connections MessagePad 2000 Pen

Pen for MessagePad 2000

H0209Z/A

2MB Flash Storage Card

Fits in PC type II slot

H0008LL/A

4MB Flash Storage Card

Provides twice the capacity of 2MB Storage Cards

H0092LL/A

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Important information regarding Rechargeable Battery Pack A new Rechargeable Battery Pack comes without a charge and takes from two to four charge-discharge cycles to 'condition' the battery for maximum capacity. This phenomenon, known as passivation, depends on how long the battery is on the shelf before use. To obtain full battery life (run-time), charge and discharge the battery pack several times when the pack is new or after long periods of storage. This will prevent false indications of a fully charge (Battery Indicator in the Extras Drawer) when there is little charge capacity remaining on the battery.

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