Measurement Of Variables: Operational Definition & Scales

Chapter 8 Measurement of variables: operational definition & scales

In our research we are interested in studying a certain matter, which contains variables, the relationship between them affects our independent variable. So we have to study it. In this chapter we are going to discuss two methods of measurements: •Operational definition •Scaling Then we will be able to test our hypotheses and find answers to our research.

Certain things lend themselves to easy measurement through the use of appropriate measurement instruments, but when we get into the realm of people's subjective feelings, attitudes, perceptions, the measurement of these variables are more difficult. That's when we use the operational definition. If we could not operationalize a variable, it cannot be studied empirically, and then we would not figure out the relationship of this variable.

Operationalizing (or, Operational Definition) is defining a concept so it becomes measurable, which is achieved by looking at behaivoral dimensions, aspects, or properties denoted by the concept and categorizing these into observable and measurable elements.

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The basic steps of operationalizing, 1.Specifying precisely what is meant with the concept (i.e. conceptualization), 2.Specifying the dimensions, 3.Specifying indicators for each dimension, 4.Developing questions (measures) for each indicator, 5. Assigning a scale to each question.

Conceptualization (Figure 8.1) Achievement motivation is identified as the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed. Dimensions of Achievement motivation(Figure 8.1) 2. Constantly working in order to derive the feeling of having “achieved and accomplished”. 3. Many of them would find it hard to relax and think of things other than work. 4. Prefers to work on his/her own, rather than others. 5. Likes to be engaged in moderately challenging jobs. 6. Seeks for frequent feedback.

Indicators for Dimension 2 (Figure 8.1) How often do they think of work while at home. Whether they have any hobbies. How they spend their time off the job.

Some possible questions for each indicator (figure 8.1) 1.How frequently do you think of work while being at home ? A) Sometimes B) Often C)Never 2.Do you have any hobbies ? If so , how many hours do you spend a week for your hobbies? A)More than 4 B)4 to 2 C)less than 2 3. How frequently do you engage in the following activities? “please answer using the following scale: a)sometimes b)often c) never” 1.Going to movies , theatre , concerts. 2.Spending your weekend with your family. 3.Coming together with friends.

Stress Operational definition for the concept of “stress”

1.To what extent do you feel anxious and nervous? 2.How often do you feel pressured by the events that are happening in your life? 3.How often are you confused by the situation around you? 4.How frequently have you had headaches or stomach upsets during the past 4 weeks? 5.How often has your blood pressure shot up during the past six months? 6.How well do you sleep at night? 7.Do you ever feel that you are going to have a nervous breakdown?

Thank you for listening Thank you for listening Mera G. Al Horani