sI ]n kI-cn¿
JpÀ-B³ ]mTw
AÂ-C³-^n-XzmÀ
\ns¶ h©n-X\- m-¡n-bs- X-´mWv? ^-e\ - m-fnsâ Kuc-h¯ - n-te¡pw kÖ-\¯ - nsâbpw ZpÀP-\¯ - n-sâbpw ]cn-Wm-a¯ - n-te¡pw shfn-¨w-hoin-s¡m-v Cu A[ymbw kam-]n-¡p-¶p.
]Z-hn-iI - e - \w
BImiw s]m«n-¸nf-cp-t¼mÄ. \£-{X-§Ä DXnÀ¶p-ho-gp-t¼mÄ. IS-ep-IÄ Ic-Ih - n-sªm-gp-Ipt¼mÄ. Ipgn-am-S§ - Ä Cf¡n- a-dn-¡s - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ. Hmtcm hyànbpw Xm³ sNbvXXpw sN¿msX amän-sh-¨Xpw F´m-sW¶v Adn-bp-¶X - m-Wv. tl, a\p-jym. DZm-c\ - mb \nsâ c£n-Xm-hnsâ Imcy¯n \ns¶ h©n-X\ - m-¡n-bs - X-´mWv? \ns¶ krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw \ns¶ kwhn-[m-\n-¡p-Ibpw \ns¶ k´penX-am-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\s{X Ah³. GXp-hn[w Ah³ Dt±-in-¨p-thm, B hn[w \ns¶ hmÀs¯-Sp-¯h - ³. AÃ; ]t£, \n§Ä {]Xn-^e - \ - S - ] - S - nsb \ntj-[n-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. \n§sf t\m¡m³ XoÀ¨-bmbpw Nne ]mdm-hpIm-cp-v. tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-sh-¡p¶ Nne am\y-·mÀ. \n§-fpsS sNbvXn-Is - fms¡ AhÀ Adn-bp-¶p. (AÂ-C³^n-XzmÀ 1þ12)
BapJw a¡n-bmb Cu A[ym-b¯ - n 19 kqà-§f - S - § - p¶p. Cu A[ym-b¯ - nsâ apJy-{]-tabw ]c-tem-Iam-Wv. BIm-iw, \£-{X-§Ä, kap-{Z-§Ä F¶n-hbpsS ]cn-Wmaw Nq-n-¡m-Wn¨v XpS-§p-¶p. ]n¶oSv J_vdp-I-fn adam-S-s¸«v InS-¡p-¶-hÀ AhnsS \ns¶-gp-t¶äph¶v Xm³ sNbvXXpw sN¿msX hn«Xp-amb Imcy-§s - f-¸än Ah-t_m-[a - pÅh\m-Ip-¶Xn-s\-¸än ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p. ]S-¨X - ¼ - p-cmsâ tImSXn¡v ap¼msI lmP-cm-tI---Xp-s-¶ kwKXnsb¸än \ns¶ A{i-²-\m-¡p¶ Imcy-sa-´msW¶ tNmZy-t¯msS a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-¸nsâ A\yq\- X sb km£y- a m- ¡ p- ¶ p. ]n¶oSv \nsâ IÀatcJbp- m - ¡ n- s ¡m- - n - c n- ¡ p¶ BZ- c - W o- b - c mb Fgp¯p-Im-sc-¸än {i²-£W - n-¡p-¶p. Ah-km\w {]Xn-
Aɪ°ùdG GPEG BImiw BIp-t¼mÄ, äô£ØfG AXv s]m«n¸n-fc - p-t¼mÄ, ÖcGƒµdG GPEGh \£-{X-§Ä BIp-t¼mÄ, äÌàfG DXnÀ¶p-ho-gp-t¼mÄ, QÉëÑdG GPEGh IS-ep-IÄ BIpt¼mÄ, äôéa Ic-I-hn-sªm-gp-Ip-t¼mÄ, QƒÑ≤dG GPEGh Ipgn-am-S§ - Ä BIp-t¼mÄ, äÌ©H Cf-¡n-ad - n-¡s - ¸-Spt¼mÄ, âª∏Y Adn-bp-¶X - mWv, ¢ùØf Hmtcm hyànbpw, âe~bÉe Xm³ sNbvXXpw, äôNCGh sN¿msX amän-sh-¨Xpw, ¿É°ùfE’G É¡jCGÉj tl, a\pjym, ∑ôZ Ée \ns¶ h©n-X\m-¡n-bs - X-´mWv?, ∂HôH \nsâ c£n-Xm-hnsâ Imcy¯nÂ, ËôµdG DZm-c\ - mb, ∂≤∏N iòdG \ns¶ krjvSn-¨h - \mb, ∑Gƒ°ùa \ns¶ kwhn-[m-\n¨, ∂d~©a \ns¶ k´pen-Xa - m-¡nb, IQƒ°U …CG ≈a GtXm Hcp cq]-¯nÂ, AÉ°T Ée Ah³ Dt±-in¨, ∂ÑcQ \ns¶ Ah³ hmÀs¯-Sp¯p, Óc AÃ, πH ]t£, ¿ƒHòµJ \n§Ä \ntj-[n-¡p-IbmWv, øj~dÉH {]Xn-^-e-\-S-]-Snsb, ºµ«∏Y ¿EGh XoÀ¨bmbpw \n§- f psS taep- - p - X m\pw, Ú¶aÉ◊ ]mdm-hpImÀ, ÉeGôc am\y-·mÀ, ÚÑJÉc tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-sh-¡p-¶h - cmb, ¿ƒª∏©j AhÀ Adn-bp¶p, ¿ƒ∏©ØJ Ée \n§Ä sN¿p¶Xv. 1).
äôéa F¶ {]tbm-Ks- ¯-¸än AÂam-hÀZn tcJs¸-Sp-¯nb ho£-W§ - Ä C{]-Im-ca - mWv:
""CXn aq¶v ho£- W - § - f p- - v . (H- ¶ v ) , hän- h c- X m¡- s ¸- « p. lk- s â(- d ) ho£Ww CXm- W v . (c-v), tNÀ¡-s¸-«p. A§s\ AXv Hcp kap-{Z-ambn-¯o-cp-¶p. Cu Bi-ba - mWv C_v\p-Aº - m-kn-sâ (-d) {]kvXm-h\ - b - n-ep-ÅX - v. At±lw ]dªp: AXv Ggp kap-{Z-§-fm-Wv. F¶n-«Xv H¶m-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. (aq¶v), D¸p-Pe - hpw ip²-Pe - hpw ]c-kv]cw IqSn-¡e-ce - m-Wv. JXm-Z(-d)- Cu A`n-{]m-b¡ - m-c\ - m-Wv. (\mev), Ic-Ih - n-sªm-gp-IÂ.'' (A-¶pIXp hÂ-Db - q³ 4:392)
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]pkvXIw 32 | e¡w 39 | 2009 sabv 8
2).
äôNCGh âe~bÉe ¢ùØf âª∏Y F¶ kqà-s¯-¸än amhÀZn(-d) Xs¶ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p:
""CXn aq¶v ho£-W-§-fp--v. (H¶v), sNbvXXpw sN¿msX hn«-Xpw. A_q-dk - o³(-d) Cu A`n-{]mbw ]d-ªp. (c-v), ]pWy-IÀa-§Ä {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw {kjvSm-hnsâ Ah-Imiw ]n´n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C_v\p Aºm-knsâ ho£Ww CXm-Wv. (aq¶v), Zm\-[Àa-¯n \n¶v ap³Iq«n sNbvXXpw A\-´cm-hI - m-i¯ - n \n¶v ]n´n-¨X - pw.'' (A-¶pIXp hÂD-bq³ 4:392) 3).
∂ÑcQ AÉ°T Ée IQƒ°U …CG ≈a F¶ hmIy-s¯-¸än Camw C_v\pÂPu-kn(-d) ]d-bp¶p:
""Cu Bb-¯nsâ Bi-b-¯n \mev A`n-{]m-b§-fp--v. (H¶v), \n§-fpsS _Ôp-¡-fn \n¶v Ah\p-t±-in-¡p¶ \n§-fpsS _Ôp-¡f - psS cq]-¯n \n§sf hmÀs¯-Sp-¯p. CXv apPm-ln-Zn-sâ(-d) ho£Ww. (c-v), kpµ-c³, -hn-cq-]³, AXn-Im-b³, Ipdnb-h³, B¬, s]¬ F¶n-§s\ Ah-\p-t±-in-¡p¶ cq]-¯nÂ. CXv ^ÀdmAv(d)sâ ho£-Ww. (aq¶v), a\p-jysâ tIme-¯n-eà - msX Ah-\p-t±-in-¡p¶ cq]¯n \ns¶ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ah\v Ignbpw. apJm¯nÂ(-d) Cu ho£-W¡ - m-c\ - m-Wv. CIvcn-a(-d) ]d ªp: Ah-\p-t±-in-¡p-Ib - m-sW-¦n Ipc-§n-sâtbm ]¶n-bp-sStbm cq]-¯nÂ. (\mev), \·-IÄ sN¿p¶ a\p-jysâ cq]-¯n AsÃ-¦n s]m®t\m hn UvVntbm Bbn Igp-Xb - psS cq]-¯n ]nip-¡\ - mbn \mb-bpsS cq]-¯n BÀ¯n-bp-Åh - \ - mbn ]¶nbpsS cq]-¯n F¶n-§s\ Ah-\n-Ñn-¡p¶ coXnbn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯Â.'' (km-ZpÂa-koÀ 6:131,132)
Bibw Cu temIw Hcp `h-\a - mbn k¦-ev]n¨m AXnsâ ta¡q-cb - mWv BIm-iw. AXnsâ Xd-bmWv `qan. Cu temI-¯nsâ XIÀ¨-bpsS thf-bn BIm-iam-Ip¶ ta¡qc s]m«n-¸n-fc - p-Ibpw AXn hn\ykn-¡s - ¸« \£-{X-§Ä Øm\w-sXän sXdn-¨p-ho-gpIbpw sN¿p-¶p. `qan-bn-epÅ kap-{Z-§Ä Ic-Ih - nsªm-gpIn H¶m-bn-¯o-cp-Itbm AXnse shůn\v Xo]n-Sn¨p hän-h-c-pt]m-hp-Itbm sN¿p-¶p.
kap-{Z-¯nsâ Ic-Ih - n-sªm-gp-Ie - p-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]Xn-`m-k§ - f - n-te¡v shfn¨w hoip¶ Nne hnh-c§Ä CXn-t\mSv tNÀ¯p-hm-bn-¡m-hp-¶X - m-Wv. BtKm-fX - m-]\ - ¯ - nsâ ^e-ambn DÛq-Xa - m-Ip¶ kap- { Z- h n- I - k - s a¶ {]{Inb {i²mÀl- a mbXv 1975emWv. 1965 apX 1975 hsc-bpÅ ]¯v sImÃw sIm-v kap-{Z-Pew GI-tZiw 10 an.-ao-äÀ (Hcp sk.ao) IqSn-bX - mbn IW-¡m-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶p. Ignª \qdpsImÃw sIm-v kap-{Z-Xew 10 sk.-ao. DbÀ¶n-«p-v. t]mfmÀ dnkÀ¨v t_mÀUv 1986 \evInb ap¶dn-bn¸v {]Imcw ASp¯ \qäm-n kap-{Z-Xew 50 sk.-ao. apX 200 sk.-ao. hsc DbÀt¶-¡mw. BtKmf- X m- ] - \ - ¯ n- e p- - m - I p¶ hnI- k - \ - ¯ n\v ]pdsa km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn kap-{Z-hn-Xm\w Hmtcm \qäm-nepw GI-tZiw 10 sk.-ao. hoXw Db-cp¶Xv \qäm-p-I-fmbn kw`-hn-¨p-h-cp¶ Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. h³\-Zn-Ifpw sNdn-b t - Xm-Sp-Ifpw ]pg-If - p-saÃmw tNÀ¶v A]m-ca - mb Af-hn F¡Â IS-ep-If - n-te¡v XÅn-hn-Sp-¶p--v. Ch IS-en Ipan-ªp-Iq-Sp-¶Xv kap-{Z-hn-Xm-\-¯nsâ DbÀ¨bv¡v Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p--v. C{]-Imcw IS hnI-kn-¡p-Ibpw Ic Npcp-§n-hc - pIbpw sN¿p-¶p. Xoc-{]-tZ-i§ - Ä \jvSa - m-hp-Ibpw Zzo]p- I Ä IS- e n- ¶ - S n- b n ad- ª p- t ]m- h p- I bpw sN¿pw. a[y-im-´-k-ap-{Z-¯nse Incn-_m-¯nbpw D¯c Aävemân-Inse A³KnÃm Zzo]pw kap{Zw hngp§n-¡g - n-bm-dmb Zzo]p-If - n s]«-hb - m-Wv. hnim-J] - «Ww Xpd- a p- J - ¯ n\v kao- ] - a pÅ hnim- e - a mb IS¯o-c¯ - nsâ A[n-I` - m-Khpw Xoc-¡S - e - n\v Iosg adªpt]mbn-cn-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. Hmtkm¬]mfn-¡p--mb hnÅ-ensâ ^e-ambn `qan-bnse Xm]w Aan-Xa - mbn IqSp¶ A\-´c - I - me¯v {[ph-{]-tZ-i§ - f - nse sFkv]m-fn-Ifpw lnam\n-Ifpw ]qÀW-ambn Dcp-In-sh-Åa - mbn amdpt¼mÄ BtKm-fP - e-hn-Xm\w C¶p-ÅX - ns\¡mÄ 80 aoä-dne-[nIw Db-cm-hp-¶X - m-Wv. Imem-hØ XIn-Sw-ad - nªv sImSp-¦m-äp-IÄ Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. IS-ep-IÄ DbÀ¶v Ic-Ih - n-sªm-gp-In hnhn[ kap-{Z-§Ä H¶mbn-t¨-cp¶ Ah-Øbpw h¶p-tN-cpw. IS Ic-Ih - nsªm-gp-Ip-t¼mÄ F¶ JpÀ-B³ hmIyw F{X {it²-bw. Cu hn[-apÅ AÛp-X{- ]-Xn-`m-k§ - Ä¡v ]n¶mse J_vdp-IÄ Cf¡n-ad - n¨v `qan-¡S - n-bn ad-am-Ss - ¸«v InS-¡p¶hscÃmw Fgp-t¶-äp-hc - p¶ ]cn-Wm-a¯ - nte¡v amdn-ad - n-bp-¶p. Hmtcm hyànbpw Xm³ PohnX-¯n sNbvXp-XoÀ¯ Imcy-§sfÃmw Xn«-ambn Adn-bp-¶p. X\n¡v Ah-k-c-ap--m-bn«pw Ae-k-XsImt-m Al-´-sImt-m AÚ-X-sImt-m sN¿msX hn«p-If - ª Imcy-§s - f-¸änbpw t_m[-hm\m-Ip-¶p. ]t£, Ct¸mÄ t_m[-hm-\m-bn-s«´v Imcyw? AXn-\m DZm-c\ - mb \nsâ c£n-Xm-hnsâ Iev]\-Isf Ah-K-Wn-¡p¶ {]h-W-X-bn \n¶v hn«v\n¡m³ Cl-temI Pohn-X¯ - nsâ Cu kµÀ`¯n \o t_m[-hm-\m-Ip-I. Ah³ \n\¡v sa¨s¸« ico-cL - S - \ - bpw Ah-bh - s - ¸m-cp-¯hpw {]Zm-\wsN-bvXh - \ - m-Wv. ico-c¯ - nsâ LS-\sb ]T-\h - n-t[b-am-¡p¶ GsXmcph\pw AXv t_m[yw-hc - p-¶X - m37
]pkvXIw 32 | e¡w 39 | 2009 sabv 8
Wv. F¶n«pw hnNm-cW - b - psS tImS-Xn-sbbpw {]Xn^-e\ - S - ] - S - n-sbbpw \ntj-[n-¡p¶ {]h-WX \n§Ä XpS-cp-Ib - m-Wv. \n§-fpsS ico-cL - S - \ - bv¡v hyh-Øm]n-XXzw \evInb {kjvSmhv \n§-fpsS taÂt\m«¯n-¶mbn ]mdm-hp-Imsc \nÝ-bn-¨n-«p--v. AhÀ am\y-cmb Fgp-¯p-Im-cm-Wv. DÅXv DÅ-Xp-t]mse tcJs¸-Sp-¯p-¶h - À. AhÀ \n§-fpsS sNbvXn-Is - fms¡ \nco-£n¨v tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. AXn-\m Pohn-X¯nse Hmtcm B«hpw A\-¡hpw hm¡pw t\m¡pw {i²m-]qÀh-am-bn-cn-¡s - «.
BIm-i] - c- n-Wmaw
{XnI \mfn Adn-bn-¡s - ¸-Sp-sa¶v JpÀ-B³ hyàam-¡p-¶p: ""At¶ Znhkw a\p-jy³ ap³Iq«n sNbvXX - n-s\-¸änbpw \o«n-sh-¨X - n-s\-¸ä - nbpw Ah\v hnh-ca - d - n-bn-¡s¸-Spw.'' (AÂJn-bma 13)
a\p-jys\ h©n¡ - p-¶Xv {kjvSm-hnsâ Iev]\ - I - Ä Ah-KW - n-¡p¶ Xc-¯nepÅ h©-\b - n a\p-jy³ AI-s¸-Sp-¶X - nsâ \nan¯-§Ä JpÀ-B³ hnh-cn-¡p-¶p:
temIm- h - k m- \ - L - « - ¯ n BIm- i - ¯ n- ¶ p- - m - I p¶ ]cn-Wm-a-s¯-¸än hnhn[ JpÀ-B³ hmIy-§-fn `n¶ ssien-I-fn hnh-cn-¨n-«p--v. Ah C{]-Im-camWv:
""AXn-\m sFln-IP - o-hnXw \n§sf h©n-¡m-Xncn-¡s - «. AÃm-lp-hnsâ Imcy-¯n Hcp h©-I\pw \n§sf h©n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡s - «.'' (ep-Jvam³ 33)
""BImiw s]m«n-¸n-fc - p-Ibpw F¶n-«Xv Nph¶ Hcp Ipg-¼p-t]m-se-bm-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ!'' (AÀdlvam³ 37)
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw kwhn-[m-\n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXXv F{Xtbm at\m-lc - a - mbmsW¶v JpÀ-B³ Nq- n - ¡ m- W n- ¡ p- ¶ p.
a\p-jy-kr-jSv n-¸nse Ic-hn-cpXv
""BImiw Xpd-¡s - ¸-Sp-Ibpw F¶n-«Xv ]e Ihm-S§-fmbn¯ocp-Ibpw sN¿pw.'' (A-¶_ - Av 19)
`qan-bpsS AIw Imen-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ `qan-bpsS AI-¯p-Åh ]pdw-XÅ - p-¶X - n-s\-¸än JpÀB³ hnh-cn-¡p¶p:
""XoÀ¨-bmbpw a\p-jys\ \mw Gähpw \à LS-\tbmSv IqSn krjvSn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.'' (A-¯o³ 4)
FÃmw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p a\p-jysâ Hmtcm hm¡pw {]hr-¯nbpw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯p-¶p--v. JpÀ-B³ hyà-am-¡p¶p:
""`qan AXnsâ `mc-§Ä ]pdw-XÅ - p-t¼mÄ'' (kÂke 2) asämcp hmIy-¯n J_vdp-If - n-ep-ÅXv ]pdw-XÅ - p¶-Xns\¸än ]d-bp-¶p: ""F¶m AhÀ Adn-bp-¶ntÃ? J_vdp-If - n-ep-ÅXv Cf-¡n-a-dn¨v ]pd-¯p-sIm-phc-s¸-Sp-I-bpw lrZ-b§-fn-ep-ÅXv shfn¡v sIm-p-h-c-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXm-Â.'' (AÂ-BZ - n-bm¯v 9,10)
{]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä Adn-bn-¡s- ¸-Sp-¶ \mÄ Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw sNbvXXpw sN¿msX hn«-Xpw ]mc-
""a\p-jys\ krjvSn-¨Xv \mam-Wv. Ah-sâ a\Êv a{´n-¡p-¶s - X-´m-sW¶v \ap-¡d - n-bmw. kz´w Poh\m-Un-sb-¡mfpw Ah-t\mSv ASp-¯h - \ - mWv \mw. heXp-`m-K¯pw CS-Xp-`m-K¯ - p-ancp¶p IW-¡p-t\m-¡p¶ c- p - t ]À FÃm IW¡pw Fgp- X n- s h- ¡ p- ¶ p- - v . FgpXm³ X¿m-dmbn \n¡p¶ Hcp \nco-£I - sâ km¶n[y-an-ÃmsX Hcp hm¡p-t]mepw Ah\v D¨-cn-¡m-\mhn-Ã.'' (Jm^v 16þ18) l
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]pkvXIw 32 | e¡w 39 | 2009 sabv 8