Master Plan For Tiruttani.pdf

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The real challenge before planning and development of towns/cities is to have a balanced development in all spheres of urban life: physical, social and economic in a comprehensive manner. For this preparation of Master Plan becomes the guiding principle for wiping out the deficits in urban infrastructure and the potentials of the town and village. “Master Plan (MP)” is identified as a strategic tool to achieve the objectives. Considering the role and importance of rational and orderly growth of urban centres, the State Government intends to streamline the development process in urban settlements to ensure that these settlements continue to achieve their objectives of improved efficiency and productivity. Accordingly, it is desirable to have a stringent check on haphazard development and have an optimum land use plan for these cities/towns. Thiruttani is a sacred place with a unique character of, Hindu religious institution contributing to a sizable increase in the growth of population, also economy of the town and surrounding areas. Its importance due to the location of shrine on Hills dedicated to Lord Subramanian temple. The celebrated shrine which has for centuries attracted enormous number of pilgrims from all parts of India. The pilgrimage to Tirupathi on the return Journey visits the temple of Thiruttani and pay homage to Lord Subramanyaswamy. Thiruttani is a town in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the main tourist centers in Tiruvallur district about 84 km from Chennai. Thiruttani Murugan Temple is one of the six abodes of Lord Muruga. Thiruthani is 15 km from Andhra Pradesh state. Nearby Famous temples are Madhur Arulmigu Mahishasuramardhini temple, Nallatur Arulmigu Veera Anjaneya temple, Arulmigu Arumugaswami temple and Sholingar Narasimma swamy temple. The surrounding villages of the town are important for their agricultural products such as vegetables and sugarcanes. The raw agricultural produce are sold and 1

transported to neighboring border state Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This is also a major economic potential which can be made use for creating employment opportunities to the local committee by introducing industries based on the available resource.

1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY An upgraded IIIrd Municipality of Tiruttani. The Thiruttani is a famous religious center, devotes from all over the state gathering on the occasion of festivals. The existing Master Plan prepared only single LPA of town Area is 12.42 sq.km and period of Master Plan expired 2016. However rapid development takes place few villages around Tiruttani. So, need prepared Master plan for adjoining 21 Panchayat Villages in Thiruthani Block and One Panchayat Villages in Arakkonam taluk. So finally delineated to total Planning Area is 22 Panchayat Villages including Municipality town.

1.3 AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study to prepare Master Plan for the delineated Composite Local Planning Area comprising of town and village.

1.4 OBJECTIVES The study seeks to attain following objectives  To assess the existing levels of adequacy otherwise various infrastructure in various sectors of economy, Transportation, Housing and basic amenities etc.  To arrest the issues and problem related to physical and social infrastructure, tourism, economy and environment aspects.  Identification of trust of master plan examines basic amenities for pilgrims and present and future.  Reservation of land for the various uses along with infrastructure, facilities, conservation of environment sensitive areas for future. 2

 Minimizing haphazard and uncontrolled growth of town and surrounding villages.  Ensuring systematic, balanced and integrated development.

1.5 METHODOLOGY Approach to the preparation of Master Plan would involve outlining the critical issues of city development, performing a demand & supply gap analysis and formulating a management framework including outlining strategies and guidelines for future growth and development of Thiruttani Local Planning Area. The Tamil Nadu Government of Tiruvallur DTCP identified the planning area comprising of potential revenue villages, it is taken as partially and full revenue village to avoid the duality in administrative aspects. The detailed methodology for preparation of the Master Plan of Thiruttani Local Planning Area includes data collection, city assessment, identifying Demand & Supply gaps in service delivery and infrastructure facilities, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, preparing Existing Land use Plan, Proposed Land use Plan and Allocation of Land use for various resources etc. The Master Plan addresses the following sectors of development within the Thiruthani Planning Area limit:  Demography  Economy  Traffic & Transportation  Housing & Slums  Physical Infrastructure  Social Infrastructure  Tourism  Land use Plan and Development Control Regulation

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The overall methodology adopted for the preparation of Master Plan involved phases as presented. Data Identification for Master plan

Delineation of planning Area

Primary

    

Preparation of Base Maps

Data collection

Secondary

 

Sector specific surveys Census Report for Differential Decades data Demographic and Economy details Information sector – Household Size and Slum house Socio-economic survey



Existing Status

 

Earlier Master Plan study Traffic Transportation situation analysis Existing status - sector specific ( Infrastructure facility like Physical and Social) Housing Need and Demand Changing and proposal of projects

Details Analysis of the data collected

Identification of key Issues (Problems Potentials) – Analysis Allocation of various Land Use  Residential  Commercial  Industrial  Institutional  Vacant  Transportation  Agricultural (Wet & Dry Land) and  Water bodies  Hill locks & Forest

Project Requirement of Proposal (Demand and, Supply and Gaps

 

Proposed Land use Plan Development Control and Regulation

Zoning

Publish and Invite/Suggestion Master Plan

Submission of Master plan

Figure: 1.5 Master Plan Methodology

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Resources mobilization and Implementation

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study assess the levels of development in Thiruttani local planning area which is endowed with natural resources and has great potentials for development, which will help in modeling various development programmes in future. It also studies the objectives, financial and physical achievements of the local planning area and identifies the deficiencies and capability which helps in arriving at solution and strategies considering the uniqueness of town for mid – course correction of the programme. Due to time constraints the study is confined to a small area of the region and analysis is also limited. The socio- economic and cultural impact of the programme can be further studied.

1.7 LIMITATION The time available for preparation of master plan for tiruttani local planning area is only four months. Therefore the scope is limited to Demographic, Economy, Transportation, Housing, Physical and Social infrastructures and Tourism aspects with focus to town and villages. If it is to be replicated in others, enough study and analysis are to be worked out making a final planning area of town.

1.8 CHAPTERISATION The first chapter is introduction by in nature describing the background, need for study, aims and objectives, methodology scope and limitation of the study. The second chapter given a profile of study area (Master Plan for Tiruttani). The third chapter is Analysis and finding of Thiruthani Local Planning Area. 1. Demography 2. Economy Thiruthani 3. Traffic & Transportation 4. Housing & Slums 5

5. Physical Infrastructure 6. Social Infrastructure 7. Tourism 8. Land use Plan and Development Control Regulation The fourth chapter is Proposal of Planning Area. The fifth chapter is Conclusion in Planning Area.

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CHAPTER 2 PROFILE OF STUDY AREA 2.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.1.1Location of Planning Area Thiruthani is an IIIrd grade Municipality in Tiruvallur district. It is situated on the northern border of Tamil Nadu and 84km away from Chennai. Geographically the location of this town may be started as meeting point of 13.1758° Northern Latitude and 79.6109° Eastern Longitude at an Altitude of 249 feet . The Town located on the Madras – Bombay railway route, about 13km from Arakkonam junction, it is at a distance of 64km from Tirupathi on North, 26km from Sholingar in West and 24km from Tiruvalangadu in the East. A small river called Nanthi is flowing in the Northern part of the town. Tiruttani is one of the taluk in Tiruvallur District and Tiruttani town is the Headquarters of the Tiruttani Taluk. Map No: 2.1.1 Location of Planning Area

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2.1.2 Topography Tiruttani is undulated and evenly hilly area. Soil is non calcareous. A small pocket at the Northern boundary of town, west of the tank (eri) formed wet land. A hill in Nalangundam village is rocky and no vegetation is seen in the slopes of the hills. 2.1.3 Rainfall and Climate The average rainfall of Tiruvallur district it is 1004.4mm of which the North East monsoon contributes to the tune of 690mm. the actual rainfall received during agricultural year 2001 – 2002 IS 1164.4mm. The average temperature of the district is maximum 37.9 degree Celsius and minimum 18.5 degree Celsius. Hot climate prevails during the month of April – May and humid climate during the rest of year expect December – February when it is slightly cold. 2.1.4 Ground Water Depth of water level ranges from 3m to 20m. At present water is scared, extraction of ground water ranges from 65% - 85% from Tiruttani.

2.2 EXTENT OF TIRUTTANI PLANNING AREA Under the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act 1971, the Government may declare Local Planning areas under Sec.10 (1) and confirm u/s.10 (4). Section 11(3) of the Act provides for the constitution of a “Local Planning Authority” for this area. To delineate the Thiruthani Local Planning Area, study needs to be carried out in taken to considering parameter is Demographic, Economy, Transportation and Socio-economic aspects, To selected Planning Area is Thiruthani block is 27 Panchayat villages and remaining 14 Panchayat villages is Arakkonam taluk. The total number of delineated 41 revenue villages in Planning Area. The Delineation of planning area comprises jurisdiction of erstwhile Tiruttani Local Planning area and its influencing areas. The Delineation of Planning Area of total population is 126430 as per 2011 census and area is 27789.09 Hectare.

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Table 2.2: Extent of Delineation of Planning Area Planning Area

S.No

Area (Hectare)

2011 Population

Tirurrani Taluk Panchayat Villages 1

Agoor

630.33

2589

2

Alamelumangapuram

3

Beerakuppam

721.89

2152

1352.22

4395

4

Cherukkanur

741.32

3658

5

Chinnakadambur

509.93

1299

6

Dharanivarghapuram

529.38

2486

7

Gollakuppam

583.18

779

8

Karamangalam

970.53

2829

9

Karthikayapuram

975.22

3434

10

Krishnasamudram

1521.69

7157

11

Maddur

1421.31

7126

12

Murukkambattu

714.39

2706

13

Pattabiramapuram

512.46

3874

14

Periyakadambur

452.62

1983

15

Ponpadi

825.76

2145

16

S.Agraharam

253.11

3056

17

Santhanagopalapuram

18

Sirunguni

19 20 21

Thadur

22 23

381.9

3061

760.82

2912

Suryanagaram

1013.75

4396

T.C.Kandigai

544.57

1146

1033.03

2725

Thalavedu

809.99

4366

Tiruttani

135.29

670

24

V.K.N.Kandigai

846.15

1500

25

Veerakanellore

856.3

4163

26

Veerakaverirajapuram

472.04

1990

27

Velanjeri

712.45

2923

Total

17577.19 Arakkonam Taluk Panchayat Villages

1

Akkachikuppam

2

Chithambadi

3

81520

256.18

1500

548.5

1057

Itchiputhur

1150.38

5755

4

Kilvanam

265.05

1864

5

Mudur

721.48

3772

6

Nandi Veduthangal

7

Paranji

8 9

373.74

1746

1503.72

5008

Paravathur

475.76

2687

Perungalathur

817.43

3490

10

Sembedu

806.08

7429

11

Kilandurai

1399

410.02

12

Uliambakkam

443.89

1354

13

Valarpuram

727.51

4801

14

Vengupattu

723.18

4037

Total

10211.9

44910

NET TOTAL

27789.09

126430

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2.3 DELINEATION OF TIRUTTANI LOCAL PLANNING AREA Tiruttani is a sacred place which has a unique character of Hindu religious institution contributing to a sizable increase in the growth of population, also economy of the town and surrounding areas. It act as primary town in the taluk, has witnessed rapid growth leading the uncontrolled population expansion beyond the urban jurisdiction. Hence, realizing the need for control development, the extent of Planning areas has been developed. The delineation of the Tituttani Planning Area been prepared after understanding the following needs below:  To develop the potentiality of region by enhancing the urban-economic growth.  To identify the growth centres and formulating organization of urban centres in the Planning Area.  Enhance the Agricultural industrial development in the region with conformity to the development and land utilization aspect. The delineation been prepared based on the following Parameters below: 1. Physical Aspects  Natural setting like Topography and Terrain  Percentage of Build-up Area 2. Demographic and Economic Aspects  Population Size  Population Growth Rate  Population Density  Percentage of Total Workers Population 3. Transportation Axis National Highways, state highways, major district (metalled) roads and railway lines the features been used to demarcate the Planning area. 4. Socio-cultural Aspects  Education facility  Healthcare facility

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Map No: 2.3.1 Slope

11

Map No: 2.3.2 Percentage of Build-up Area

12

Map No: 2.3.3 Population Size

13

Map No: 2.3.4 Population Growth Rate

14

Map No: 2.3.5 Population Density

15

Map No: 2.3.6 Percentage of Total Worker Population

16

Map No: 2.3.7 Distance from Road

17

Map No: 2.3.8 Education facilities

18

Map No: 2.3.9 Health facilities

19

2.4 DELINEATED STUDY AREA – TIRUTTANI LPA The process for delineation of Tiruttani Planning Area began with analyzing the two taluks surrounding Thiruthani Area. These taluks were Tiruttani and Arakkonam. The basic premise of analysis is the physical, demographic, economy, transportation and Social aspects in order to delimit the jurisdiction of the planning area, on the basis of the parameters. These parameters are analyzed using the overlay analysis of ArcGIS tools software. To delineate the Tiruttani Local Planning Area, study needs to be carried out in selected 21 Panchayat Villages in Thiruthani Block and One Panchayat Village Arakkonam Taluk. The Total number 22 Panchayat villages in Planning Area. Tiruttani Panchayat formed as early as 1982. As the town, the Collector constituted a committee called Township committee. Later it is upgraded as special grade town panchayat, consist of Thiruthani (Part), Meldevadanam (Part), Matham (Part), Nallamguntam (Part), Kildevadanam (Part), Meldevadanam

(Part),

Amirthapuram (Part) and Kumaramangalam (Part). The special grade Town Panchayat was up graded as Grade III Municipality in 2004. The delineated study area comprises jurisdiction of erstwhile Tiruttani Local Planning Area and its influencing Areas. The total population of Tiruttani Local Planning Area is 119620 out of which 44781 is urban and 74839 is rural having 2011 census, an Total Planning Area is 185 sq. Km. The outside core Area surrounding is 22 Panchayat villages is 172.82 sq.km and including Municipality Town area is 12.42 sq.km.

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Table No 2.4: Delineated Study Area – Tiruttani LPA S.No

TIRUTTANI LPA

1

Agoor

2

Alamelumangapuram

3

Beerakuppam

4

Cherukkanur

5

Dharanivarghapuram

6

Karamangalam

7

Kilandurai

8

Karthikayapuram

9

Krishnasamudram

10

Maddur

11

Murukkambattu

12

Pattabiramapuram

13

Periyakadambur

14

Ponpadi

15

S.Agraharam

16

Santhanagopalapuram

17

Suryanagaram

18

Thadur

19

Thalavedu

20

Tiruttani

21

Veerakanellore

22

Velanjeri TOTAL

21

Area (Ha)

2011 Population

630.33

2589

721.89

2152

1352.22

4395

741.32

3658

529.38

2486

970.53

2829

717.58

2945

975.22

3434

1521.69

7157

1421.31

7126

714.39

2706

512.46

3874

452.62

1983

825.76

2145

253.11

3056

381.9

3061

1013.75

4396

1033.03

2725

809.99

4366

135.29

670

856.3

4163

712.45

2923

17282.52

74839

Map No 2.4: Delineated Study Area - Tiruttani LPA

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CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS AND FINDING OF TIRUTTANI LOCAL PLANNING AREA 3.1 DEMOGRAPHY 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION Demography is the statistical study of human population in terms of size and structure distribution spatial changes etc. Understanding demography of an area helps in determining current and future public needs.

3.1.2 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS Demography contributes in understanding changes in populations, including how people inhabited Tiruttani and growth taking place. Social and economic development processes and outcomes are depended upon the detailed study of population characteristic of any planning area. As per 2011 population of Tiruttani Planning Area is 119620 out of which population of Town Area is 44781 which is about 37.44% of the total population, rural areas contribute to 74839 of about 62.56% of the total population. Table No: 3.1.2 Existing Population Size - Tiruttani LPA Population

Percentage of Population

Description 2001

2011

2001

2011

Rural Area

64475

74839

62.73

62.56

Urban Area

38314

44781

37.27

37.44

Total

102789

119620

100

100

Source: Census of India

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Existing Population for Tiruttani LPA 74839

80000 70000

64475

60000 50000

Rural Area

44781 38314

40000

Urban Area

30000

Linear (Rural Area)

20000

Linear (Urban Area)

10000 0 2001

2011

Figure: 3.1.2 Existing Population Size - Tiruttani LPA

3.1.3 POPULATION GROWTH RATE AND DENSITY The Decadal population growth rate of Tiruttani Planning Area has been analyzed from time period of 1991 to 2011 which is shown in the figure below. Table No: 3.1.3.1 Existing Population Growth Rate and Density - Tiruttani LPA Population

% of Growth Rate

Name

Area (Ha) 1991

2001

2011

1991 - 2001

2001 - 2011

Population Density (pph) 1991 - 2001

2001 - 2011

Rural Area

60053

64475

74839

13.36

24.47

17282.52

3.73

4.33

Urban Area

34363

38314

44781

11.50

16.88

1242

100

115

Planning Area

94416

102789

119620

12.43

20.68

18524.52

31

36

Source: Census of India

Comparison of Population growth rate (in %) of Tiruttani LPA with surrounding districts, Average Population growth rate of Tiruvallur district which is about 35.25% is lower than Tiruttani LPA (20.68%), Tiruttani taluk (14.7%), and Tamilnadu (15.6%).

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Table No: 3.1.3.2 Comparison Population Growth Rate % of Population Growth Rate

Name Rural

Urban

Avg.Growth Rate

Tiruttani LPA

24.47

16.88

20.68

Tiruttani Taluk

12.52

16.88

14.7

Tiruvallur District

3.03

62.19

35.25

6.49

27.16

15.6

Tamil Nadu Source: Census of India

Comparison of Growth Rate 40 35.25 35

Growth rate

30 25 20.68 20 15.6

14.7

15 10 5 0 Tiruttani LPA

Tiruttani taluk

Tiruvallur district

Tamilnadu

Figure: 3.1.3.2 Comparison Population Growth rate

The decadal growth rate of population in Tiruttani Local Planning Area for urban area has decreased from compared to rural area in the year 1991 - 2001 to 2001 - 2011.The decrease in growth rate in urban area is due to lack of strong economic base.

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Decadal growth rate of population 30.00

Growth rate

25.00

24.47

20.00 16.88

15.00

13.36 11.50

10.00

Rural Urban

5.00 0.00 1991-2001

2001-2011

Figure: 3.1.3.3 Decadal growth of Tiruttani LPA

3.1.4 LITERACY RATE The urban literacy rate of Tiruttani LPA is less than that of the Tiruttani taluk, Tiruvallur district and the state of Tamilnadu. Therefore it has to be enhanced and rural literacy rate is more than that of state which is a good sign. Table No: 3.1.4. Comparison Literacy rate Literacy Population Rural Urban 79846 33728 104992 33728 859700 1932021 24502195 27335312

Name Tiruttani LPA Tiruttani Taluk Tiruvallur District Tamil Nadu Source: Census of India

% of Literacy Rate Rural Urban 77.68 28.20 63.05 75.32 66.51 79.41 65.89 78.21

% of Literacy Rate

% of Literacy Rate Population 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00

77.68

75.32 63.05

79.41 66.51

78.21 65.89

28.20

Tiruttani LPA

Tiruttani taluk

Tiruvallur district

Tamilnadu

Rural

77.68

63.05

66.51

65.89

Urban

28.20

75.32

79.41

78.21

Figure: 3.1.4 Comparison Literacy rate 26

3.1.5 POPULATION PROJECTON Arithmetic Increase method This method is based on the assumption that the population is increasing at a constant rate, i.e. the rate of change of population with time is constant. From the population data for the last 3 decades, the average increase per decade is calculated which is then used as the design rate of increase for calculating the design population Geometric Increase Method In this method, it is assumed that the percentage increase in population from decade remains constant. Therefore, the average value of the percentage increase is calculated and the future populations are calculated at this rate. Incremental Increase Method In this method the average increase per decade is found out. The average incremental increase for each decade is also found out. The future population is calculated from the average increase and average incremental increase of population. This method is a combination of the above two methods. The method in which the population is to be projected is validated by the existing data. Considering the growth drivers and in order to arrive at future population for Tiruttani Local Planning Area, population projection was done for urban area and rural area separately using various methods. The past growth trend was considered to arrive at a method for projection of population in all the areas. The urban area is expected to grow very less and compared to outside rural villages.

Population

Population Projection Validation 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0

2001

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

Arithmatic

102789 119620 131402 139817 148233 151466 165064

Geometric

102789 119620 137686 152262 168404 186284 206089

Incremental 102789 119620 131197 139365 147447 152335 163355

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Table No: 3.1.5 population projection Population Projection Year Rural

Urban

Total

1991

60053

34363

94416

2001

64475

38314

102789

2011

74839

44781

119620

2018

82079

49118

131197

2023

87245

52120

139365

2028

92404

55042

147447

2033

94450

57885

152335

102707

60647

163355

2038 Source: Census of India

Population Projection 120000 102707

100000 92404

94450

87245 82079

Population

80000 74839

60000

60053

64475

44781

40000 34363

49118

52120

55042

57885

60647

38314

20000

0

1991

2001

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

60053

64475

74839

82079

87245

92404

94450

102707

Urban 34363

38314

44781

49118

52120

55042

57885

60647

Rural

Figure: 3.1.5 Population projection

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3.2 ECONOMY 3.2.1 INTRODUCTION Economy can be defined as the interrelated activities that deal with consumption and production. Different activities that provide employment opportunities and income constitute the economic area. The economic base of Tiruttani planning area is mostly dependent on agriculture and religious tourism activities. The economic sector needs to be tapped well and contribute for the growth of the planning area and region.

3.2.2 EXISTING ECONOMIC BASE IN TIRUTTANI LPA The main occupation of the district is agriculture and allied activities. As per the census 2011, the workers are classified into four categories cultivators & agricultural laborers, household industrial workers and other workers. In Tiruttani Planning Area the distribution of economic base into type of sector namely primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector for the development of entire planning area and creation of potential canters of developments. The trend of the exorbitant increase in the employment in tertiary sector is 55.03% indicative of the engagement of workers mainly in the service sector. There is a need to balance this transformation into tertiary sector as well as primary sector for balanced economic development. Table No: 3.2.2.1 Sector Wise Workforce Participation Ratio in Tiruttani LPA

Total Year Population Main WFPR workers

Cultivation & HH Industry / Agriculture / Secondary Primary % of % of Workers Workers workers workers

Other workers / Tertiary Workers

% of workers

2001

102789

35260

34.30

16623

47.14

3046

8.64

15591

44.22

2011

119620

38850

32.48

14238

36.65

3233

8.32

21379

55.03

Source: Census of India

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Sector Wise workers distribution 15591

Other workers / Tertiary 3046 3233

HH Industry / Secondary

16623 14238

Cultivation & Agriculture / Primary 0 Cultivation & Agriculture / Primary 2001 16623 2011

21379

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

HH Industry / Secondary

Other workers / Tertiary

3046

15591

3233

21379

14238

Figure: 3.2.2.1 Sector Wise Workforce Participation Ratio in Tiruttani LPA

Table No: 3.2.2.2 Workforce Participation (Male - Female) in Tiruttani LPA Primary Year 2001 2011

Cultivator Male 4430 3278

Agricultural

Female 1602 1044

Male 6085 5225

Female 4506 4691

Secondary HH Industrial Workers Male Female 1748 1298 1707 1526

Tertiary Others Workers Male 13125 17359

Female 2466 4020

Source: Census of India

No. of Workers

Workforce Participation (Male - Female) 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

17359 13125

6085 5225

4430

4691 4506

4020 2466

3278

1602 1044

Male

Female

Cultivator

Male

Female

Agricultural

1748 1707

1526 1298

Male

Female

Male

Female

HH Industrial Workers

Others Workers

2001

4430

1602

6085

4506

1748

1298

13125

2466

2011

3278

1044

5225

4691

1707

1526

17359

4020

Figure: 3.2.2.2 Workforce Participation (Male - Female) in Tiruttani LPA

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3.2.3 EMPLOYMENT WORKFORCE PROJECTION - 2038 For workforce estimation the major concerns of the economic base are type of activity, employment rate, work force participation rate (WFPR), occupation structure etc. The overall development and opportunities in a town depend on the level of economic activities in an area. The total projected in Tiruttani Planning Area for the horizon year 2038 is 104538. Table No: 3.2.3.1 Workforce Projection in Tiruttani LPA Year

Population

Workers Population

WFPR

2001

102789

42674

41.52

2011

119620

54143

45.26

2018

131197

64298

49.01

2023

139365

73522

52.76

2028

147447

83310

56.50

2033

152335

91779

60.25

2038

163355

104538

63.99

120000 104538

No. of Workers

100000 83310

80000

91779

73522 64298

60000

54143 Workers…

42674

40000 20000 0 2001

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

Year

Figure: 3.2.3.1 Workforce Projection in Tiruttani LPA

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Workforce Calculation: 2011 census year Total Population

= 119620

Total Employment Workers

= 54143

Total number of main workers

= 38850

Percentage of total employment workers population

= (54143/119620)*100 = 45.26%.

Percentage of main workers population

= (38850/119620)*100 = 32.48%.

Total number of workers in primary industry

= 14238

Workers contribution in primary industry

= (14238/38850)*100 = 36.65%.

Total number of workers in household/Secondary industry

= 3233

Workers contribution in household/Secondary industry

= (3233/38850)*100 = 8.32%.

Total number of workers in service industry

= 21379

Workers contribution in service industry

= (21379/38850)*100 = 55.03%.

Table No: 3.2.3.2 Workers composition in different industry

Details based on 2011 census

% of Contribution

Total Workers

45.26

Primary Industry Household / Secondary Industry Other Worker / Tertiary Industry

36.65 8.32 55.03

32

3.2.4 WORKERS OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN PROJECTION – 2038 Assumed that percentage anticipated main workers sector wise workforce participation rate will be increased in future year of 2038 Tiruttani planning area respectively. Hence it is assumed that the main workers increased in 2%. The distribution of economy sector wise depend upon primary industry is to 1% and also increased other industry like to secondary industry is 0.32% and tertiary industry is 1% due to planning area of tiruttani respectively. Table No: 3.2.4 Workers Occupation Pattern Projection - 2038

Activity

2001

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

Workers

Workers

Workers

Workers

Workers

Workers

Workers

In nos.

%

In nos.

%

In nos.

%

In nos.

%

In nos.

%

In nos.

%

In nos.

%

Primary

16623

47.14

14238

36.65

16767

36.00

18536

35.11

20552

34.87

21573

33.98

23719

33.09

Household industries

3046

8.64

3233

8.32

3728

8.00

4071

7.71

4328

7.34

4476

7.05

4842

6.75

Other workers

15591

44.22

21379

55.03

26082

56.00

30186

57.18

34058

57.79

37435

58.97

43126

60.16

Total Workers

35260

100

38850

100

46577

100

52793

100

58939

100

63483

100

71687

100

workers Occupation Pattern Projection 50000 45000

43126

40000

37435

No. of workers

35000 30000

30186

HH Industry / Secondary

26082

25000 21379

20000 15000

Cultivation & Agriculture / Primary

34058

16623 15591

14238

16767

18536

20552

21573

4328

4476

23719 Other workers / Tertiary

10000 5000

3046

3233

3728

4071

4842

0 2001

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

Figure: 3.2.4 Workers Occupation Pattern Projection - 2038 33

3.2.5 FUTURE REQUIREMNT OF AGRICULTURAL WORKERS Calculation: Agriculture workers details 2017 The Total agricultural land

= 102 Sq.km

The total number of agricultural workers in 2011

= 14238

For 1 Sq. km agriculture land, the number of workers = 14238/102 = 140 nos. Agriculture workers details: 2038 The Total agricultural land

= 118 Sq.km

The total number of agricultural workers in 2011

= 23719

For 1 Sq. km agriculture land, the number of workers = 23719/118 = 170 nos.

34

3.3 TRANSPORTATION 3.3.1 INTRODUCTION Tiruttani is situated on the state highway road connecting Chennai and Tirupathi. A number of important places located within and outside the state of Tamil Nadu are connected to Tiruttani and regular daily buses are plying from Tiruttani to various others places. The state capitals of the two southern states viz Chennai to Bangalore are directly connected to Tiruttani and scheduled buses are operated between these cities to Tiruttani. Besides these the pilgrims canters Like Salam, Pondicherry, Kanchipuram in the state of Tamil Nadu, Tirupathi, Kalashasti and important towns in Andhra Pradesh are also directly connected to Tiruttani. There is one railway station in Tiruttani, which is a broad gauge that connects Chennai and Tirupathi.

3.3.2 EXISTING ROADS IN TIRUTTANI 3.3.2.1 Roads Maintained by Highways Departments Chennai to Chittoor road is running East to West dividing the town into two halves and road from Renigunta is meeting at the railway line crossing which is a broad gauge and running from Arakkonam in South and to Renigunta in North. The other important roads available within Tiruttani Municipality and their length are shown in Table 3.3.2.1 they are maintained by Highways Department. Table No: 3.3.2.1 List of Roads Maintained By Highway Department S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Name of Roads Chittoor Road Chennai Bye Pass Road Tirupati Bye Pass Road Ma.Po. Salai Cuddappah Triunk Road Akkaiya Road Arakkonam Road Total Source: Tiruttani Highway Dept. 35

Length 3.00Km 2.00 Km 0.50 Km 1.20 Km 0.20 Km 0.80 Km 1.50 Km 7.20 Km

3.3.2.2 Municipality Roads Apart from Highway department roads, municipality also main certain road to a total length of 37.00 Km. the roads are classified according to material. They are Cement Roads, Tar Roads, Earth Roads and Gravel Roads. The length and their percentage to total length are furnished in the Table No. 3.3.2.2 given below Table No: 3.3.2.2 Classification of road maintained Municipality S.No

Classification of roads by Material

Length

% of Total Length

1

Cement Roads

5.00 Km

13.51

2

Tar Roads

18.00 Km

48.65

3

W.B.Roads

3.00 Km

8.11

4

Earth Roads

6.00 Km

16.22

5

Gravel Roads

5.00 Km

13.51

37.00 Km

100

Total Source: Tiruttani Highway Dept.

3.3.2.3Bus Stand The existing bus stand located behind the Municipality Office. It consists of 12 bus bays. About 200 to 300 buses enters and leaving daily to and from surrounding districts and neighboring state i.e., Andhra Pradesh. The bus stand is inadequate to cater the demand since space in very limited, especially during peak hour it creates heavy congestion. There is no proper geometrical design for smooth turning and facilities of traffic control.

Figure: 3.3.2.3.1 Anna Bus Stand 36

Figure: 3.3.2.3.2 Existing Bus Stand Layouts

Calculation parking Bus Bay: During peak hour (9.30 am to 10.30am) the bus enter and exit bus stand = 20 minutes Frequency available buses during peak hour (9.30 am to 10.30am) = 3 times Available bus bay

= 12 no’s

To calculate number of bus bay requirement

= {Available bus bay *

Frequency available buses during peak hour (9.30 am to 10.30am)

}

= 12 * 3 = 36 no’s

Number of Bus Stand Capacity

During peak hour (5.30pm-6.30pm) no. of Buses Entry and Exit = 75 Requirement of Bus Bay

= 75/3 = 25

Demand Assessment calculation of bus bay

= (Requirement of bus

bay – Available bus bay) Demand of bus bay current situation

= 25 – 12 = 13 no’s

The present Bus Stand function both mofussil and town bus services but especially during peak hours very demand. There is creating traffic jam during festival days and parking buses peak hour’s very demands.

37

3.3.2.4 Roads and Intersections The carriage way width is very less in many roads and unable to carry the present traffic volume. The parking of vehicles in front of shops accelerates the problem by reducing speed of vehicles and sometimes traffic jam. It also pose greater difficulty for the pedestrian and vehicular movement. The following locations identified as problematic intersection based on high intense of traffic. 1) MPS Salai – KSM intersection 2) Bus Stand Junction 3) Akkaiya Naidu – MPS Salai intersection 4) Akkaiya Naidu – Chittoor Road intersection 5) Arakkonam Road Junction 6) Railway Crossing / Bye –Pass Road junction

Fig: 3.3.2.4.1 Bye Pass Junction

Fig: 3.3.2.4.2 Arakkonam Road Junction

As the shops encroaching the road spaces. The width of carriage way reduces and resulted in creating bottle neck for easy movement of vehicles. The present roads mostly in damaged condition and the town is reeling under lack of parking facilities especially it needs large area for parking the vehicles.

38

3.3.2.5 Parking Authorized parking for tourist bused are provided near choultry. The present capacity of this parking area is 12 buses only but nearly 26 are parked on the road. The excess buses are parked on the road opposite to choultry which causes difficulty for the movement of vehicular traffic as well as for pedestrians. 3.3.2.6 Pedestrian Path There is one foot path which starts near choultry consists of 365 steps. During the months pilgrims flow is very easy. But during the peak months especially during Adi Kiruthigai the pedestrian foot path are very crowed. The devasthanam authorities’ paths are completely encroached by the shops. About 90% of the pilgrims reach Lord Subramanyaswamy temple from Tiruttani by buses, 7% by car, taxi, two wheeler and 3% by walk. During Adi Kruthigai festival time pilgrims find it very difficult to walk due to heavy crowed.

3.3.3 TRANSPORTATION IN TIRUTTANI Tiruttani Railway Station is located near to kamala theatre. At present 30% of pilgrim’s are coming by train. Generally pilgrims coming by train go to devasthanam bus stand that present at choultry II from where they will go to hill temple to worship Lord Subramanyaswamy. There is one bus stand from where bus services are operated to Tiruttani from various places. At present 72% of pilgrims reach Tirupathi by bus. About 143 bus services operated daily from Tiruttani to other places and vice versa. Beside these about 40 to 50 bus services are being operating from Tiruttani to various others nearby places i.e. Sholingar, Nagari, Pallipet and Arakkonam. The transport operation of public and private sectors are shown on Table No 3.3.3.1

39

Table No: 3.3.3.1 Transport Operation by Public and Private in Tiruttani Mofussil Buses Nos Trips 80 160 to 2140 50 100 to 150 13 26 143 283 to 390

Description Public Private Transport Corporation Total Source: Tiruttani Highway Dept.

Town Buses Nos Trips 56 280 46 184 162 464

The number of trips operated the major corridors like Tirupathi, Chennai and Vellore are shown in the Table No 3.3.3.2 Table No: 3.3.3.2 Trips Operated for Tiruttani Town

Description

Public

Private

Total

Nos

Trips

Nos

Trips

Nos

Trips

Chennai

30

60 – 90

6

16 – 39

36

72 – 108

Tirupathi

20

40 – 60

13

16 – 39

33

68 – 99

Vellore

15

30 – 45

17

34- 51

32

64 – 96

Others 15 30 – 45 Source: Tiruttani Highway Dept.

14

28i – 42

29

58 – 87

The share of public and private is the ratio of 62:38. Out of the total trips, 28% of trips are operated towards Chennai, 25% of trips operated towards Tirupathi and remaining trips cover the other direction.

3.3.4 TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM IN TIRUTTANI  Due to inadequate parking area excess tourist buses are parked in the opposite road to choultry II is and there is creating problem for free flow of vehicles and pedestrians.  The Anna bus stand can occupy only 12 buses at a time, hence it creates bottle neck, congestion, Traffic hold up and delay etc.

40

 The Kamaraj market is only market for entire Tiruttani town and its surrounding area. The available facilities & number of shops are niot adequate. Hence road side shops are developed reducing road width resulting in traffic problem.  Tiruttani being a pilgrim center attracts a large number of vehicles but there is no sufficient parking space. The situation becomes worst during the festival season.  The intersection of roads is not well designed, no proper signs and Marking and Channelization.  Similarly to regulate the pedestrian movement road marking which include Traffic lanes, Symbols Words, Object Marking, Road divide or other devices are absent.

3.3.5 ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNT AT INTERSECTION Traffic Volume Count is recording /counting of number of vehicles passing through a road over a period of time. It is usually expressed in terms of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) and measured to calculate Level of Service of the road and related attributes like congestion, carrying capacity, V/C Ratio, identification of peak hour or extended peak hour The study of Classified Traffic Volume Count is to understand factors that form the basis of: a) Checking the efficiency/saturation of the road network by comparing current traffic ….volume with the calculated capacity or by identifying level of service b) Establishing the use of the road network by vehicles of different categories, traffic ….distribution PCU/vehicle c) Need of median shifting or road widening The survey is carried out in Highway department intersections at Tiruttani 1. Tiruutani Subway Approach Road 2. Chittoor-Tiruttani road 3. Chengalpattu-Kanchipuram-Arakkonam-Tiruttani road 41

4. Tiruttani-Podatturpet-Pallipet road 5. Chennai-Tiruttani-Renigunta road 6. Ma.Po.Salai 7. Tiruvallur road Table No: 3.3.5 Existing and Projected Traffic Volume Count Survey

S.No

Name of Roads

ADT Volume of PCU

V/C Ratio

2017

2038

2017

2038

1724

2205

1.15

0.76

2 Chittoor-Tiruttani road Chengalpattu-Kanchipuram3 Arakkonam-Tiruttani road Tiruttani-Podatturpet-Pallipet 4 road Chennai-Tiruttani-Renigunta 5 road

5163

6605

3.44

2.28

4698

6009

3.13

2.07

2938

3759

1.96

1.30

1403

1795

0.94

0.62

6 Ma.Po.Salai

4547

5816

3.03

2.01

3364

4304

2.24

1.48

Tiruutani Subway Approach 1 Road

7 Tiruvallur road Source: Tiruttani Highway Dept.

It is found to Intersection junction of all roads is 2- way land and undivided road in PCU value vehicles is 1500. To Analysis of Volume per Capacity index (V/C Ratio) is all the intersection of junction of value more than one. Therefore improvement all the intersection for 4- way lane and 6-way lane divided roads. Calculation: Projected Traffic Volume Survey As pre IRC Recommendation, formula is Pn = P0 {(1 + r)n} Where, Pn is Projected Traffic Volume, P0 - is as per base year of Traffic Volume, r - is annual growth rate assumption (8 – 10 %) n - is number of year 42

Calculation: V/C Ratio The practical capacity PCU value of assumption i.

Two way lane undivided road is 750 PCU

ii.

Two way lane divided road is 1500 PCU

V/C Ratio = Average Daily Traffic Volume / Capacity of Vehicle PCU

43

Map No: 3.3.5 Analysis of Traffic Volume Count Intersection

44

3.4 HOUSING 3.4.1 INTRODUCTION Housing is one of the basic services, which is to be provided for better quality of life, shall be given the importance in the master plan. In Thiruttani Planning Area the overall pattern of housing is guided by the road network, availability of land, growth nodes and developments.

3.4.2 EXISTING CONDITION According to 2011 census the total population of the Thiruttani Local Planning Area is 119620. The study area of the Tiruttani is 185sq.km. The total number of houses in the Tiruttani LPA is 29450 as per census 2011.Most of the houses in LPA is Pucca houses. The Average Household size in Rural and Urban Area has been found to be 4. The same Household size is projected to future Planning Area.

3.4.3 PROJECTED FOR HOUSING REQUIREMENT The Projected population for 2038 is 163355 and total housing unit required for projected population is 40839. The projection has been done for every five years interval for both rural and urban area which is details shown in below table. Table No: 3.4.3 Projection of Housing Population

No. of Household

Year

Requirement of Household

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

2011

74839

44781

18709.75

11195

29905

2018

82079

49118

20520

12279

32799

2023

87245

52120

21811

13030

34841

2028

92404

55042

23101

13761

36862

2033

94450

57885

23613

14471

38084

2038

102707

60647

25677

15162

40839

Source: Census of India

45

Household Size 30000 25000 HH Size

20000

18709.75

21811

20520

15000 11195

10000

13030

12279

23101

23613

13761

14471

25677

15162

5000 0

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

Rural

18709.75

20520

21811

23101

23613

25677

Urban

11195

12279

13030

13761

14471

15162

Figure: 3.4.3 Comparison of Projected Household Size

3.4.4 EXISTING AND PROJECTED HOUSING NEED AND DEMAND While dealing with housing, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between housing need and its demand. According to ―URDPFI GUIDELINES, MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT the definition for need and demand has been given. ‘Need’ refers to inadequacy of existing provisions when compared with socially acceptable norms. ‘Demand’ is an economic concept wherein standard an amount of housing demand is related to household‘s income and ability today. Table No: 3.3.4 Existing and Projected Housing need and demand Description

Existing 2018

Projected 2038

Projected Population

131197

163355

Existing Housing (2011)

29450

29450

Need for Housing

32799

40839

Demand of Housing

3349

11389

Land Requirement (100pph)

1312

1634

Existing Residential area

909

1064

Requirement of Residential Area (Ha)

403

570

46

Housing Need and Demand Calculation for 2018: Population for 2018

= 131197

Existing Housing for 2011

= 29450

Need for Housing

= Population for 2018/Household Size

(Let assuming HH size is 4)

= 131197/4 = 32799

Demand of Housing

= Need for Housing – Existing Housing for 2011 = 32799 – 29450 = 3349

Requirement of Land

= Population for 2018/Density PPH

(Let assuming Population density Person per Hectare is 100) = 131197/100 = 1312 Hectare Existing Residential land

= 909 Ha

Residential Land Requirement for future = 1312 – 909 = 403 Hectare.

3.3.5 SCHEMES IMPLEMENTED BY HOUSING The following are the major schemes implemented by TNSCB in tackling the problems of slums and improving their conditions:  Slum Clearance Scheme  Environmental Improvement Scheme (EIS)  Accelerated Slum Improvement Scheme (ASIS)  Shelter for Shelter less Scheme  Housing for all  Green house schemes

47

3.5 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 3.5.1 WATER SUPPLY 3.5.1.1 INTRODUCTION Water is one of the very essential basic facilities of life. As a part of basic services in master plan, this study explores the present condition, supply system, and issues of domestic water supply and also deals with maintenance and proposals for the water resources.

3.5.1.2 WATER SUPPLY SCENARIO IN TOWN AREA Prior to that bore well, ponds and canal was the only source of water supply. was The River Nanthi crossing through the planning area however its water is not being for drinking water. About 2.5 MLD of water is supplied for Tiruutani town area with the help of production wells. The other sources of water in the Tiruttani town include 48 OHT’s, 147 Bore well and 4 open well are located in various parts of the Tiruttani Municipal Area. These are the main source of water for surrounding area given below table. Table No: 3.5.1.2.1 Source Water Supply in Tiruttani Town S.No

Source of Water Supply in Place

1

Arungulam in Water Supply of plan

Water Supply in MLD 1.00

(Maintained for Municipality) 2

Arakkonam to Tiruttani Water Supply of plan

1.00

(TWAD Water Supply of quantity = 1.5 MLD) 3

Bore and Tube Well nearest OHT to supply of

0.58

Water quantity 4

Bore Well to direct pumping in Supply of Water

0.30

in quantity 5

147 Hand Pumps to Supply of Water quantity TOTAL

0.20 3.O8 MLD

Source: Tiruttani Municipality Office 48

Table No: 3.5.1.2.2 Existing Water Supply in Tiruttani Town

S.No

WARD

POPULATION ( 2018 )

Supply of Water (Lpcd) @ Town

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

3370 3164 1795 1481 2225 2343 1947 2445 2181 3314 2471 2219 1572 1858 2173 1595 1279 1977 2383 4982 2354

69 28 61 32 48 65 60 60 64.5 57 32.5 51.4 34 36 47.5 52.8 49.6 70 38.5 52 49

Total Water Supply

Total Supply of water (Lpcd) ( MLD) 232497 0.23 88579 0.09 109466 0.11 47377 0.05 106777 0.11 152264 0.15 116791 0.12 146671 0.15 140644 0.14 188871 0.19 80292 0.08 114032 0.11 53432 0.05 66871 0.07 103195 0.10 84191 0.08 63415 0.06 138357 0.14 91727 0.09 259039 0.26 115323 0.12 2499809 2.50

Source: Tiruttani Municipality Office

The water is supplied from pumping station located at Arungulam which is 15km away from Tiruttani. Apart from this there are 4 Nos of 6” diameter deep wells and one ring well are utilized for pumping water. The water pumped and supplied through 12km length of 10” diameter C.I main pipe and 12km length of 10” diameter A.C main pipe and collected in 7 wells and treated to good standard through two wells and again pumped to two Nos of sumps and 10 Nos of overhead tanks located in various places of the town.

49

Map No: 3.5.1.2 Supply and Demand of Water Tiruttani Town

50

3.5.1.3 WATER SUPPLY SCENARIO IN RURAL AREA The water supply in rural areas within the planning area is managed by the Rural Water Supply System department. There is no problem drinking water supply through pipelines, also providing excess of water supply in rural village. The majority of the rural population is depending on various ground water sources and tube wells. About 5.88 MLD of water is supplied for rural village area with the help of ground water source. The other sources of water in the rural area include OHT’s capacity of 10000, 30000, 60000 and 1000000 litres per capacity of tanks are located in various parts of the Rural Area. These are the main source of water supply for surrounding Rural Area given below table. Table No: 3.5.1.3 Existing Water Supply in Rural Area

S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Villages Agoor A.M.Puram Beerakuppam Cherukkanur D.V.Puram Karamangalam Kilandurai Karthikayapuram Krishnasamudram Maddur Murukkambattu Pattabiramapuram Periyakadambur Ponpadi S.Agraharam Sathranjayapuram Suryanagaram Thadur Thalavedu Tiruttani Veerakanellore Velanjeri TOTAL

Population (2017) 2589 2152 967 3658 2486 1642 1187 3739 2949 7126 2706 3874 1328 3428 3056 3061 4396 2923 3428 1376 4163 2923 65157

Total no. of OHTs available Water Supply (LPCD) 10000 30000 60000 40000 60000 240000 40000 90000 180000 0 30000 120000 30000 240000 0 140000 0 60000 30000 120000 0 30000 0 120000 30000 240000 180000 10000 0 180000 0 90000 540000 10000 90000 120000 30000 60000 300000 40000 60000 0 0 120000 120000 20000 240000 120000 0 60000 120000 20000 150000 60000 30000 120000 180000 0 120000 120000 20000 0 240000 40000 180000 120000 40000 90000 0 610000 2190000 3180000

Source: Tiruttani BDO Office

51

Total Water Supply LPCD 340000 310000 150000 270000 200000 150000 150000 450000 190000 630000 220000 390000 100000 240000 380000 180000 230000 330000 240000 260000 340000 130000 5880000

MLD 0.34 0.31 0.15 0.27 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.45 0.19 0.63 0.22 0.39 0.1 0.24 0.38 0.18 0.23 0.33 0.24 0.26 0.34 0.13 5.88

Map No: 3.5.1.3 Supply and Demand of Water Tiruttani Rural Village

52

3.5.1.4 DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND FOR PROJECTION - 2038 The water demand for planning area till the horizon year 2038 is as follows: Table No: 3.5.1.4 Projected Water Demand of Planning Area Projected Water Demand of Planning Area Description

2001

2011

2018

2023

2028

2033

2038

Rural Population

64475

74839

82079

87245

92404

94450

102707

Town Population

38314

44781

49118

52120

55042

57885

60647

7.2

8.37

9.18

9.76

10.32

10.66

11.43

4.11

4.78

5.25

5.57

5.9

6.09

6.53

11.31

13.16

14.43

15.33

16.22

16.76

17.97

Sewerage Water (80% of Water) in MLD

11.55

12.26

12.98

13.44

14.38

Recycling Water (40% of Waste Water)

4.62

4.91

5.19

5.36

5.75

Town Water Demand @ 70 Lpcd in (MLD) Rural Water Demand @ 40 Lpcd in (MLD) Total Water Demand in MLD

3.5.1.5 WATER SUPPLY IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM There is an additional requirement of 17.97 MLD (existing supply 13.16 MLD) water to meet the drinking water demand of Tiruttani Planning Area by horizon year 2038. As ground water potential of the area appears reasonably enough to support the drinking water needs, the present trend of relying solely on it may continue. But, apart from providing individual tube wells, a system of collector wells (cluster of tube wells) with an arrangement for treating the raw ground water is recommended for safe drinking water. Majority of the drinking water demand can be met using the surface/sub-surface flow of River Nanthi as a source of supply through collector wells/intake wells.

53

Action Plan  Planning, design and implementation of a sustainable water supply scheme mainly based on surface/sub-surface/intake wells water supply from the river Nanthi and ground water Covering the entire planning area with a continuous water supply system assuring 24hr supply with adequate pressure in the distribution system even at the tail ends.  Controlled use and management of ground water assuring treatment with disinfectants before distribution.  Public awareness against misuse of water.  Adequate reforms so as to balance the O&M cost with the revenue out of the water supply distribution.

54

3.5.2 DRAINAGE 3.5.2.1 INTRODUCTION In Tiruttani the drainage system consists of natural drains and man-made drains along the roads. The road side drains are either pucca or kutcha. The entire drainage system is open in Tiruttani planning area. These drains discharge all waste water to minor drains, which finally discharges into river Nanthi.

3.5.2.2TOPOGRAPHY Tiruttani is located along the river Nanthi and the general topography of the town is a gentle slope from east to west. The variations between the altitudes are 249 feet. The river part is higher elevation of 348 - 470 m whereas it elevation reduces to 101 - 145 m while moving northern and southern side.

3.5.2.3 DRAINAGE SYSTEM Tiruttani has no underground drainage system. But there are open drainages up to 40 km. further this can be divided in two category namely Pucca drainage and Kutcha drainage to a length of 24 km and 16 km respectively. It serves very small area but major area to covered by drainages. The existing drainage is maintained engage three drainage cleaners. However the drainage near temple area i.e. from ward 12 to 19 respectively.

3.5.2.4 CRITICAL ISSUES OF CONCERN  Lacks proper and efficient drainage system in both urban and rural areas. About 16.5 % of the total road network is covered with drains against the standard of 80 % in urban areas.  The low lying areas along with Nanthi River lack drainage system hence these areas are highly prone to water logging situations.  Most of the drains are choked with solid waste and causing water logging situation in many of the residential areas.

55

 Storm water drains of Tiruttani planning area have functioned as carrying sewage.  Further due to absence of proper sewerage system and lack of awareness sewage from residential areas is discharging into drains.  The available drainage system of the Tiruttani is not properly and frequently cleaned. Majority of drains are cleaned twice in a year before the monsoon or on complaints. Heavy silting of drains resulting into overflow of water and water logging in rainy season.

56

3.5.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 3.5.3.1 INTRODUCTION The solid waste materials in cities are the natural outcome of human activities. Most of our cities and municipalities in third world countries like India is a major concern of the government due to the health problems associated with improper disposal of waste. The rapid growth of population and urbanization decreases the nonrenewable resources and disposal of waste matter and toxic waste haphazardly are some of the major environmental issues posing threats to the existence of human being. The most common problems associated with improper management of solid waste include diseases transmission, fire hazards, odor nuisance, atmospheric and water pollution, aesthetic nuisance and economic losses. Waste disposing is an important part of waste management system, which requires much attention to avoid environmental pollution. Only major cities have some sort of waste disposal system. In this study we did a identifying a suitable site for solid waste disposal in Tiruttani municipality and Outside of panchayat village in planning area.

3.5.3.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES The study aimed at understanding the current problems of waste disposal in Tiruttani local planning area and suggest best possible site for waste disposal to identified area.

3.5.3.3 EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STATUS In these towns the Bio-degradable contents are high and forms nearly 68% and recyclables forms nearly 45%. The primary collection takes place with the help of push carts and tricycles. The secondary collection takes place through tractors and TATA ace. The waste is then taken to the landfill site where the bio-degradable are converted to manure in the compost yard and the remaining is dumped on site. Half of the sanitary workers are employed through the government and the remaining is out sourced from the Self-help groups.

57

Tiruttani municipality generates 22 MT of Solid Waste per day out of this nearly 20 MT of the Solid Waste being collected, transported and disposed daily, which works to per capita generation of 410 gms /day. The total garbage collected constitutes 48% of the domestic wastes 42% commercial wastes and 10% of construction wastes. The Urban Local Body also carry out weekly mass waste cleaning programme to clear the left out wastes by making extra vehicle trips in the town. At present Compost Yard/ Dumping Yard are located at periyarnagar with in the town in an extent of 1.50 acres. Which are not sufficient for waste disposal and also projected for future. The collection efficiency and garbage generated in the Tiruttani municipality town and Outside of panchayat village is given below. Table No: 3.5.3.3 Existing Garbage Generated in the Tiruttani planning area 2011

S.No 1 2

3

4 5

Description

Municipality

Outside of

Town

panchayat village

0.57

0.49

19.09

16.34

16.35

14.5

410

210

86%

89%

Compositing yard Area (acres ) solid Waste Generation per day tonnes Solid Waste Collection per day tonnes Per capita Waste generation rate in grams Percentage of coverage

3.5.3.4 ANALYSIS OF SOLIID WASTE MANAGEMENT Projected Solid Waste Management Generation of solid waste in rural areas ranges between 50 grams/cap/day and 250 grams/cap/day  Urban (Peri-urban or Urban outgrowth) 400 to 450 grams/cap/day. - Rural (Remote /Tribal) 200 to 350 grams/cap/day.

58

Table No: 3.5.3.4.1 The Standards for Waste Generation per capita in Indian cities

Population Range (in lakhs)

Average Per Capita Waste Generation (grams/ capita/day)

1-5

210

5-10

250

10-20

270

20-50

350

50 and above

500

Source: CPHEEO Manual Table No: 3.5.3.4.2 Projected quantity of solid waste in 2038

Name of Local Body

Existing solid waste in tonnes /capita/year

Projected solid waste in tonnes /capita/year

2011 Municipality Town

6970

Outside panchayat village

5966

Tiruttani LPA

12935

2018

2028

2038

7645

8567

9439

6543

7366

8187

27237

15933

17626

Table No: 3.5.3.4.3 Projected quantity of solid waste landfill area in 2038

Name of Local Body

Municipality Town Outside panchayat village Tiruttani LPA

Existing landfill area ( Acres )

Projected landfill area (Acres )

2011

2018

2028

2038

0.57

0.63

0.70

0.77

0.49

0.54

0.60

0.67

1.06

1.16

1.31

1.45

59

3.5.3.5 SCHEMES AND IMPLEMENTATION Swachh Bharat Mission The details of Compost / Recyclable waste generated in SWM village panchayat in Tiruttani taluk .As per the Policy Note (2015-2016) of Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Department of Tamil Nadu Village Panchayats have been identified for implementation of solid waste management. Implementation: New dumping yard has been identified at pothadurpet Road and Tirupathi Bypass Road. There is 2 km away from the town center, which occupy area is 2.5 acres.  Currently in both the urban and rural areas Solid Waste is managed efficiently and the recyclables recovered and compost generated is sold.  Hence the landfills present in the urban areas will be adequate for the next 20 years.  The streets also cleaned regularly whereas in panchayat village and town waste was witnessed along the roadside. Hence waste from the roadside should be cleared on a regular basis.  As per the Government Order (Ms).No.69 dated 16.06.2016 the following are mandatory at the Village panchayat Level.  Door to Door collection of waste.  Treatment facilities such as compost pits, segregation cum storage shed to be provided at the Panchayat / Cluster Level.  Dumping pit to be provided at the Panchayat / Cluster Level.  Workers engaged under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Scheme.  Solid waste Management Committee to be formed at the Panchayat level. Hence SWM facilities should be formed at the Municipalities and Panchayat level landfill can be identified.

60

Map No: 3.5.3.5 Location of Land fill site for Tiruttani Town

61

3.6 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE 3.6.1 EDUCATION 3.6.1.1INTODUCTION The quality of life in any area depends upon the availability and accessibility to quality social infrastructure. It refers to the facilities and mechanisms that ensure education, health care and recreational improves the physical quality of life and human wellbeing that are pivotal for increased productivity. Education and health sectors are the most important and constitute the social infrastructure that forms the foundation for economic and human development. In the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) also, education and health are major challenges. Thus both education and health are important components of the Human Development Index. The proximity to schools has also been analyzed based on service area and road accessibility.

3.6.1.2 EXISTING EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Educational Facilities ranging from primary schools to institutes of higher learning in Tiruttani have been set and run by government as well as by private institutions. Some of the important institutes providing various courses at graduate and post-graduate level include GRT institute of Engineering & Technology, Subramanian Government Art & Science College, Saravana ITI and Tiruttani Polytechnic College etc.

3.6.1.3 FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF EDUCATION Considering the population growth to 163355 by horizon year 2038, the existing number of educational facilities at various levels will have to be augmented. In terms of schools, by 2038 the maximum requirement will be of pre-primary schools, where 65 more will have to be added to the existing 118. In higher education facilities, there is a need to setup more professionally institutes providing courses in engineering and Polytechnic College. The assessment of future requirements for educational facilities has been done based on the recommended norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and given in Table below.

62

Standards

Area(Ha)

Population/unit

Existing Requirement School (2018)

Future Requirement School (2038)

Total Requirement School

Future Land requirement (Ha)

Pre-Primary / Nursery Primary School (IVIII) Senior Secondary

1 per 2500 Population

0.08

2500

52

65

118

5

500 student/ school, 1 per 5000 population 1 per 7500 Population

0.4

5000

26

33

59

13

1.8

7500

17

22

39

39

1000-1500 Students, 1 for 90000 Population

3.5

90000

1

2

3

6

90000

1

2

3

7

5

125000

1

1

2

7

7

Vocational Institutes

1000-1500 Students, 1 for 90000 Pop 1000-1500 students /1.25 Population 1 for 50000 Population

3.9

6

Integrated School without Hostel (IXII) Integrated School with Hostel (I-XII) College

3.5

50000

3

3

6

11

S.No

Particular

Table 3.6.1.3 Existing and Future Requirement of Educational facilities

1 2 3 4

5

Source: URDPFI

In order to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure all through the planning area, Master Plan has proposed setting up these facilities on a hierarchical basis i.e. at Town Level (Planning Area), at Planning Unit Level, at Neighborhood Level and lastly at Residential Area Level.

63

Map No: 3.6.1.3 Existing Location of School

64

3.6.1.4 NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS EDUCATION The schools are analyzed at first with respect to the linear buffer which give general Service Area the Government and Private Primary School of the service area of schools based on multiple buffers of 300, 500 and 800 meters with high, moderate and low efficient service area of the school respectively. The Government Higher Secondary School and Private High School of the service area of schools based on multiple buffers of 1000 meter, 3000 meter and 5000 meters with high, moderate and low efficient service area of the school respectively. With these standards service area and accessibility analysis using ArcGIS Network Analyst tool. For this first a road network has to be prepared with types of roads, travel time, and speed limit are to be assigned. This network dataset will be used to create a model which will in turn helps in creating service area. The below maps Tiruttani planning Area Government Primary school and Government Higher secondary School accessibility analysis & Private Primary school and Private Higher secondary school accessibility analysis will show the service area created and it’s clear that all the areas have good accessibility. (Shown in maps below- Tiruttani Planning Area Government primary school, Government Higher Secondary School, Private Primary school and Private Higher secondary school service area maps)

65

Map No: 3.6.1.4.1 Network Accessibility Analysis Govt.Education

66

Map No: 3.6.1.4.2 Network Accessibility Analysis Private Education

67

3.6.2 HEALTH CARE To ensure the progress of any area, it is important that its citizens are healthy and have access to adequate health infrastructure.

3.6.2.1 EXISTING HEALTH CARE FACILITIES The existing health facilities in Tiruttani include primary health centre, government and private hospitals, eye hospital, veterinary hospital, Sub centre and nursing homes. These facilities have been set up by both public and private sector organizations, although, the key medical facilities in the area are provided by private sector. There is a Community Health Center are located in Beerakuppam village and one Government Hospital are located in Tiruttani town of Arungulam Swamy Koil Street with 42 beds strength for inpatient and serving both town & surrounding villages and 15 Private Hospitals. There are five veterinary Hospitals in Tiruvallur district and Tiruttani Veterinary Hospital is one among them. In the existing health systems delivery, there are three tiers of basic health services:  Sub-Health Centres  Primary Health Centres (PHC)  Community Health Centres (CHC)  Government Hospital (GH) As per Indian Public health standards and State Government policy on Health and Family welfare (population norms), 1. One Sub-center is established for every 5000 population in plain areas and for every 3000 population in hilly/tribal/desert areas. It is the lowest tier of the set up with referral linkage to the Primary Health Centre (PHC) 2. One Primary Health center is established for 20,000 in hilly areas and for every 30,000 population in plain area , 3. One Community Health Centre (CHC) for 80,000 populations in hilly area and one for 20,000 populations in plain area.

68

3.6.2.2

FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF HOSPITAL

In order to cater to the population of 163355 projected for the horizon year 2038, major requirement will be of Community Health center and Primary Health center. The assessment of future requirements for healthcare has been done based on the recommended norms specified by the URDPFI guidelines and given in Table below.

Future Land requirement (Ha)

2500

Total Requirement Hospital

per

Future Requirement Hospital (2038)

1

Existing Requirement Hospital (2018)

Standard

Dispensary

Population/unit

Particular

1

Area(Ha)

S.No

Table 3.6.2.2 Existing and Future Requirement of Hospital facilities

0.08

2500

52

65

118

5

0.2

5000

26

33

59

7

0.3

30000

4

5

10

2

0.4

20000

7

8

15

3

0.3

45000

3

4

7

1

3.7

100000

1

2

3

6

0.3

100000

1

2

3

1

population 2

Sub-center

1

per

5000

population 3

Primary Health center

1 per 30000 Population

4

5

6

Community Health Centre

1 per 20000

(CHC)

Population

Nursing

home,

Maternity

1 per 45000

and Child Hospital

Population

Government Hospital

1

Lakh

Population 7

Dispensary for pet animals

1

Lakh

and Birds

Population

Source: URDPFI

69

Map No: 3.6.2.2 Existing Hospital Location

70

3.6.2.3

NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS HOSPITAL

The Hospital are analyzed at first with respect to general Service Area of each hospital based on the multiple buffers of estimated travel time of 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes which indicates the actual service area to reach sufficient of time and another service area of hospital s based on multiple buffers of 1Km, 3Km, 5Km and 8Km with three categories efficient to reach hospital high, moderate and low service area of the Hospital respectively. With these standards service area and accessibility analysis using ArcGIS Network Analyst tool. The network analyses to accessibility to efficiency reach the particular place of distance and time. (Shown in maps below- Tiruttani Planning Area to accessibility hospital service area maps).

71

Map No: 3.6.2.3 Network Accessibility Analysis Hospital

72

3.7 TOURISM 3.7.1 INTRODUCTION Tourism is vital for every place, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment and economic advancement by working in the industry.

3.7.2 TEMPLE AND FESTIVALS IN TIRUTTANI TOWN 3.7.2.1 Subramanyaswamy Koil Lord Murugan’s SIX PADAIVEEDU (Tiruttani ranks prominent as the crown jewel of Lord). As its very name indicates, when propitiated the lord in this hole shrine. He blessed devotees with mental peace and bodily happiness, his righteous indignation towards the ASURAS for their currently is used to have been quelled and cooled at this place. Which is therefore known as Shanthipuri (Above of Peace)? As the prayers and desires of the devotes who worship Lord ‘Thanikesan’ on this hill with unservicing faith and interse devotion are fulfilled in no time, this hill also called “Thanikasalam”, When Lord came to this hill after wedding Goddess VALLI at Vallimalai, she implored him to enlighten her on the importance and greatness of this hill. Now Tiruttani is famous as a pilgrims centre. The temples cover an area of one Hectare and faces east and is square in shape with four gopurams. There are five gopurams and devotes have to ascend a flight of 365 steps to reach the temple, which is denoting 365 days in year. Sir Valli and Sri Deivanayaki, wives of Lord Subramanya and Sir Apthsagaya Vinayagar are located is separate Garbagrahas in the temple complex. The Lord Subramanya’s moolavar is 3 to 6 inches in height and is known as Murugar and Gnanasakthidarar. The Tamil version of Sthalapuranam written by sri Kachiappa Munivar which is known as “Thanikaiprranam” and the Sanskirt version is known as Kallargiri Mahatmiyam. 73

Figure: 3.7.2.1 Tiruttani Sri Murugan Temple

3.7.2.2 Sacred Tanks There are two sacred tanks namely 1) Saravana Poigai 2) Sapta Rishi Theertham 1) Saravana Poigai The sacred tanks of the shrine of lord Muruga Where ‘Karthikeys’ otherwise called as Muruga was born which is known as ‘Saravana Poigai’ meaning sacred pond of the ready marsh. The Tank at Tiruttani is at the very foot of the hill sacred pond of the ready marsh. The Tank at Tiruttani is at the very foot of the hill is particularly renowned for its sacred water having curative effect for ailments both bodily and mental, as it rich in mineral such Sulphur, iron etc. Both in this holy tank refreshes the divotes and makes hale and healthy. 2) Saptha Rishi Theertham At the lovely garden on the south side of this sacred hill amidst a thick cluster of shady trust and seven cool sprints, the seven Rishis are said to have worshipped. Lord

74

Muruga and the Sapta Kannikas (Seven Virgins) enshrined at this place in a tiny temple. 3.7.2.3 Festivals The important annual festivals of this temple are 1) Krithigai day of every month 2) Skantha Sasti in the Tamil month of Ayppas 3) Adi Kiruthigai festival or Fleet festival 4) Thiruppugal Thiruppadi festival 5) Padi Urchavam or Step festival 1) Krithigai Day It is celebrated every month as Auyppasi day (star) which in significance to devotees for and near visits the temple. It attracts large number of devotees to this shrine. 2) Skantha Sasthi Festival Skntha Sasthi festival celebrated in the month of Auyppasi (October-November) for 6 days over victory of Lord Murugan in the battle with Surapadman, an Asura who killed by Muruga. During these 6 days devotees use to observe fasting and prayer everywhere. 3) Adi Krithigai Festival Adi Krithigai festival falls during July-August and the festival is celebrated for 3 days with float festival. The devotees from far and near gather in 3 to 4 lakhs in number. The starts are thronged to the full. First day is Bharani and Second day is Krithigai and first float starts. About on lakhs and fifty thousand flower Kavadis are offered to the daily. The sight of the devotees who carry them. Uttering the sacred and inspiring “Haro Hara” as they march and dance in long rows. During festival days/the town wears a festival look when lakh of pilgrims steam in with their Kavadis containing milk pots, fruits and flower.

75

4) Thiruppugal Thiruppadi festival When the old year runs out and the New Year sets in (i.e. at stroke of midnight join Dec’31 each year) Lakhs of devotees are present on the sacred Tanikai hill to have the dharsan of their lord. They came to Tiruttani to offer their heart felt prayers to Lord on that day and night to be blessed with peace and plenty during the New Year. Similarly to Adi Krithigai festival lakhs of pilgrim pour in all over Tamil Nadu and other states and elaborate arrangements are made to provide amenities to pilgrims. 3.7.2.4 Facilities Adi Kiruthigai festival is a notified festival by Government. The district Collector is making arrangements through Municipality, Panchayat Union, Devasthanam and Government Department such as Health Department, Railways and Polices etc. While medical relief of pilgrim during the festival period attended by Medical Officer, the Municipality mill Supply protected water throughout the day and night and providing isolated sheds with temporary toilets. A large number of sweepers cum, scavengers brought outside area to Tiruttani by the Municipality for preliminary cleaning. The executive engineer Kanchipuram will provide electricity and staff to provide street lights in important places. The arrangements are made run number of special buses by the Tamil Nadu Transport Corporation and Andhra Pradesh. Necessary sanitary precautionary measures also taken and strictly enforced in the choultries, Eating houses, Hotels, Lodge, Shops, Sweet stalls and to keep neat and free from flies and dust Apart from Government side facilities, the temple authorities use to provide lights on both sides of hill area and share the supply of water to the pilgrim in the town as Municipality alone cannot meet the demand. Also, the devasthanam took part in providing necessary cottages. The expenditure incurred towards these arrangements and shared by Devasthanam and paid to Municipality.

76

3.7.3 TOURIST FLOW Tiruttani receives a huge influx of pilgrim’s population almost every day. On an average 3000 to 5000 pilgrims come every to Tiruttani to offer worship at the holy shrine of Lord Subramanyaswamy. In addition to this daily influx, lakhs of people will assemble in Tiruttani at certain occasions in the year especially on the eve of Adi Kiruthigai in the month of July. The flow of domestic and foreign pilgrim/tourist for the period of 2001 to 2038 are tabulated in Table No. 3.1 Table No 3.7.3 Tourist Arrivals in Tiruttani Temple Year

Domestic’s Tourist

Foreigner’s tourist

2001

701968

5662

2006

851090

6865

2011

1031892

8323

2018

1351314

10899

2023

1638381

13214

2028

2879058

16021

2033

3490672

19424

2038

4232215

23550

Tourist Flow Calculation: Annual Domestics Tourist population 2006

Annual Foreigners Tourist population 2006

77

= {2001*(1+r)n} = {701968*(1+.47)0.5} = 851090 = {5662*(1+r)n} = {5169*(1+.46)0.5} = 6865

Domestrics tourists flow for Tiruttani temple 1400000

Number of touists

1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

2017 100405 106393 119229 127026 101612 138412 549467 126777 129644 143028 119479 123051 2038 225488 238934 267761 285271 228198 310843 1233979 284713 291151 321209 268322 276344

Figure: 3.7.3.1 Domestic’s Tourist flow arrival in Tituttani Temple

Foreignners tourists flow for Tiruttani temple 1600

Number of tourists

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

845

810

597

470

438

475

2038 1284

1229

906

714

664

721

2017

Jan

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

795

783

519

451

613

987

1207

1189

789

685

931

1498

Figure: 3.7.3.2 Foreigners Tourist flow arrival in Tituttani Temple

The above figure indicates that the domestics and foreign tourist arrival is steadily increasing every year especially festival periods, the gathering are very high in volume. It could be further increase by providing facilities for boarding and lodging. 78

3.7.4 ACCOMODATION 3.7.4.1 Accommodation Facilities in Tiruttani Pilgrims generally stay in Tiruttani in order to fulfil their vow to lord Subramanyaswamy. There are accommodation units provided by Tiruttani devasthanam and private lodges. Generally pilgrims prefer to stay in devasthanam cottages because free accommodation available in choultry and cheap accommodation is available in guest houses. The accommodation units provided by devasthanam have protected water supply, Toilet and Kitchen facilities. 3.7.4.2 Type of Accommodation Mainly there are two types of accommodation available in Tiruttani. Free accommodation in choultries which are not furnished but all amenities like electricity, water supply etc. Rented accommodation in cottages and guest houses which are furnished. Only the furnished accommodation units are booked in advance. No reservation for free accommodation. Free accommodation units are given on first come first serve basic. All the choultries are located to east of central reception office. The choultries are located on the eastern and northern side of Bus stand. The Cottages are located near the foot paths of the temple.

Figure: 3.7.4.2.1 Thanigai illam

79

Figure: 3.7.4.2.1 Karthikeyan illam

Calculation: Existing Tourists Accommodation Rooms (2017) a) Thanigai illam: 1. Cortege Room Number of cortege room One cortege room stay people Total number of person stay in cortege

= 39 = 8 per person = 39*8 = 312

2. Temple Room Number of Temple room = 56 One temple room = 4 per person Total number of person stay in temple room = 56*4 = 224 b) Karthikeyan illm: 1. Cortege Room Number of cortege room = 57 One cortege room stay people = 8 per person Total number of person stay in cortege = 57*8 = 456 2. Temple Room Number of Temple room = 59 One temple room stay people = 4 per person Total number of person stay in temple room = 39*4 = 236 c) Saravana poigai: Temple Room Number of Temple room = 39 One temple room stay people = 4 per person Total number of person stay in temple room = 39*4 80

= 156 Total Government Accommodation

= 312+224+456+236+156 = 1384 person.

d) Private Accommodation: 1. Lodges Number of lodges One lodge stay people Total number of person stay lodges 2. Hotels Number of hotels One hotel stay people Total number of person stay hotels Total Private Accommodation

= 30 = 50 person = 30*50 = 1500 = 20 = 50 person = 20*50 = 1000 = 1500+1000 = 2500 person

Total Existing Tourist Accommodation Facility = Government + Private = 1384+2500 = 3884 person. In Tiruttani there are 300 units for accommodation of which 250 units are maintained by devesthanam and 50 units are maintained by privates. Of the total units 22% of the units are free and 8% are rented units are provided by devesthanam. There are 300 units which can accommodate 3884 pilgrims. 1. Present Demand of Tourists Night Accommodation At present there are 300 units which can accommodation about 3884 units. The Pilgrims visiting normal and peak period at present are 4500 and 30000 pilgrims are staying for one night. From characteristics study of pilgrims it is evident that almost one night staying normal and peak days are 16.16% and 46.56%.

81

Calculation: Tourists Accommodation facility Normal and Peak Days: i.

Normal Days visited Tourists in temple Normal days tourists visited pilgrims population

= 4500/day

Assume required one Night stay Accommodation

= 16.16%

We need required Night Accommodation Tourists

= 4500*16.16% = 727 persons

ii.

Peak Days visited Tourists in Temple: Peak days tourist visited pilgrims population (July-August)

= 30000

Assume required one Night stay Accommodation

= 46.56%

We need required Night Accommodation Tourists

= 30000*46.56% = 13968 persons

2. Future Demand of Tourists Night Accommodation From characteristics study of pilgrims it is evident that almost one night staying peak days are 46.56%. Projected Tourists Accommodation facility 2038: Adi Kiruthigai Festival days tourist visit in yearly

= 4232215

Adi Kiruthigai Festival days tourist visit in month (July-August) = 1233979 We need to assume required one Night Accommodation

= 46.56%

We need required Night Accommodation Tourists

= 1233979*0.4656

Night stay Tourists Accommodation (July-August)

= 574541 persons

82

3. Future Requirement of Tourists Accommodation Rooms: According to Tiruttani tourists office, there are available government and private to stay number of people

= 3884

Number of hotels required for 2037-2038

= 574541/3884 = 148 hotels

Nearly taken Number of hotels required for 2037-2038

83

= 150 hotels.

3.8 EXISTING LAND USE PLAN 3.8.1 INTRODUCTION Land use of an area is indicated by the predominant activity be it agriculture, built up, industrial, forest, water body etc, there. Hence the analysis of the existing land use is inevitable to understand the predominant economic activities of an area as well as the availability of vacant land for future economic activities and development proposals. The main aim of land use is to analysis spatially and to utilize the land in an effective for future development proposals. The final outcome is allocation and zoning of land for specific uses, regulation of the intensity of use, and formulation of legal and administrative instruments that support the plan.

3.8.2 LAND USE / LAND COVER OF TIRUTTANI PLANNING AREA The Master planning area consists of Tiruttani Municipality area and 22 Panchayat village area (including 21 Panchayat villages in Tiruttani Black & 1 Panchayat village Arakkonam taluk) covering a total of 18524.52 hectares. However, existing developed area is 1741.38hectare. The land use survey was conducted and land use was broadly classified as (a) Developed and (b) Un-Developed land Use. The term ‘Developed’ indicates the land that is being used for the purposes, which are urban in character including Residential, commercial, industrial, institutional and transportation etc. The undevelopable area is comprises of agriculture, forest, water bodies and hill area land uses. 3.8.2.1 Urban Area (Municipality Area) 1. Developed area The total Urban area is about 1242 hectares consists of developable area 44.49% and remaining 55.51% area is undevelopable. The gross residential density of developed area is 89 PPH and net residential density is 40 PPH. The major commercial activities are concentrated in the core area of the town. The commercial land use is 5.26% of the developed area and 2.34% of the total urban area. Under industrial land use small scale industries like rice & flour mills are located in the different part of the urban area. The industrial land use occupies an area of 4.35 84

hectares which is 0.35% of the developed area. The institutional land use is 2.23% of the developed area and 1% of the total urban area. The recreational facilities in the urban area is lacking behind the standard. Traffic and transportation occupies an area of 60 hectares of the developable area 11% of developable area and 4.12% of the total urban area. 2. Undevelopable area The undevelopable area is comprises of agriculture, forest, water bodies and environmentally sensitive land uses. The total area under undevelopable category is 689.48 hectares which is 55.51% of the total urban area. The maximum percentage area of the land use is covered under agriculture land use, followed by water bodies and Hillocks land uses. (Refer to Map No: 3.8.2.1 Existing Land Use Distribution Map for Urban Area) Table No: 3.8.2.1 Existing Land Use Distribution for Urban Area S.No

LAND USE DEVELOPED AREA

EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION TIRUTTANI URBAN AREA - 2017 Area (Hactare)

Total % of Area

% of Developed Area

1

RESIDENTIAL

258.88

20.844

46.85

2

COMMERCIAL

29.04

2.338

5.26

3

INDUSTRIAL

4.35

0.351

0.79

4

VACANT

186.78

15.038

33.80

5

INSITUTIONAL

12.30

0.990

2.23

6

TRANSPORTATION ROADS

51.40

4.14

9.30

RAILWAY LINE

9.77

0.79

1.77

552.51

44.49

100.00

Area (Hactare)

Total % of Area

% of Undeveloped Area

DRY LAND

145.83

11.74

21.15

WET LAND

143.73

11.57

20.85

2

HILLOCKS

264.51

21.30

38.36

3

WATER BODIES

135.42

10.90

19.64

TOTAL UNDEVELOPED AREA

689.48

55.51

100.00

GRAND TOTAL

1242.00

100.00

TOTAL DEVELOPED AREA UNDEVELOPED AREA 1

AGRICULTURAL

85

Existing Land use Distribution 2017 - Urban Area

11%

RESIDENTIAL 21%

COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL VACANT

21%

2%

0.35%

INSITUTIONAL ROADS RAILWAY LINE

15%

DRY LAND WET LAND

12%

HILLOCKS 4% 12%

1%

WATER BODIES

1%

Figure: 3.8.2.1 Existing Land Use Distribution (Urban Area)

3.8.2.2 Rural Area (Other than Town Area) 1. Developable area The rural area is occupies 17282.5 hectares consists of 1188.86 hectares of developable area i.e 6.08% of the total rural area and remaining 3533.99 hectares of land under un-developed area which is 93.12% of the total rural area. The gross density of developable area is 68 PPH and net residential density is 4.75 PPH. The existing development pattern shows the segregated settlement pattern in the rural area. The percentage of land comes under residential land use 650.52(54.70%) hectares followed by traffic & transportation land use 138.72(11.68%) hectares and Vacant 306.54(25.79%) hectares. 2. Undevelopable area Undevelopable area is comprises of agriculture, forest, water bodies and environmentally sensitive land uses. The total area under undevelopable category is 16093.70 hectares which is 93.12% of the total rural area. The maximum percentage area of the land use is covered under agriculture land use, followed by water bodies and environmentally sensitive land uses. 86

Table No: 3.8.2.2 Existing Land Use Distribution for Rural Area S.No

EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION TIRUTTANI RURAL AREA - 2017 Area Total % of Area % of Developed Area (Hactare) 650.25 54.70 3.76

LAND USE

1

DEVELOPED AREA RESIDENTIAL

2

COMMERCIAL

20.39

1.72

0.12

3

INDUSTRIAL

32.58

2.74

0.19

4

VACANT

306.55

25.79

1.77

5

INSITUTIONAL

40.29

3.39

0.23

6

TRANSPORTATION ROADS

116.24

9.78

0.67

RAILWAY LINE

22.56

1.90

0.13

1188.86 Area (Hactare)

100.00 Total % of Area

6.88

TOTAL DEVELOPED AREA UNDEVELOPED AREA 1 AGRICULTURAL

% of Undeveloped Area

DRY LAND

1139.53

7.08

6.59

WET LAND

10046.20

62.42

58.13

2

HILLOCKS

3967.21

24.65

22.96

3

WATER BODIES

940.69

5.85

5.44

TOTAL UNDEVELOPED AREA

16093.70

100.00

93.12

TOTAL

17282.5

100

Existing Land use Distribution 2017 - Rural Area 0.12% 5%

4%

0.19%0.23% 2% 1% 0.13% 7%

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL

23%

VACANT INSITUTIONAL ROADS RAILWAY LINE DRY LAND WET LAND 58%

HILLOCKS WATER BODIES

Figure: 3.8.2.2 Existing Land Use Distribution (Rural Area)

87

3.8.2.3 Existing Land Use Tiruttani Planning Area In order to understand, the breakup of the developed and undeveloped area of the Tiruttani local planning area various uses including residential, commercial, industrial, vacant, institutional, traffic and transportation, agricultural, hillocks and water bodies are detailed analysis has been done on the basis of existing land use plan prepared by Tiruttani Local Planning Area. The Existing Land use Plan- 2017 for Local Planning Area has been detailed out in the table given below (Refer to Map No: 3.8.2.3 Existing Land use Distribution Map for Planning Area) Table No: 3.8.2.3 Existing Land Use Distribution for Planning Area EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION - 2017 S.NO

LAND USE

URBAN AREA Area (Ha)

RURAL AREA

% of Area

Area (Ha)

PLANNING AREA

% of Area

Area (Ha)

% of Area

DEVELOPED AREA 1

RESIDENTIAL

258.88

20.84

650.25

3.78

909.13

4.91

2

COMMERCIAL

29.04

2.34

20.39

0.12

49.43

0.27

3

INDUSTRIAL

4.35

0.35

32.58

0.19

36.93

0.20

4

VACANT

186.78

15.04

306.55

1.78

493.33

2.66

5

INSITUTIONAL

12.30

0.99

40.29

0.23

52.59

0.28

6

ROADS

51.40

4.14

116.24

0.68

167.64

0.90

7

RAILWAY LINE

9.77

0.79

22.56

0.13

32.33

0.17

SUB TOTAL

552.51

44.49

1188.86

6.91

1741.38

9.40

UNDEVELOPED AREA 1

AGRI.DRYLAND

145.83

11.74

1139.53

6.17

1285.36

6.94

2

AGRI.WETLAND

143.73

11.57

10046.23

58.39

10189.96

55.01

3

HILLOCKS

264.51

21.30

3967.21

23.06

4231.72

22.84

4

WATER BODIES

135.42

10.90

940.69

5.47

1076.11

5.81

SUB TOTAL

689.48

55.51

16093.66

93.09

16783.14

90.60

GRAND TOTAL

1242

100

17282.52

100

18524.52

100

88

Existing Land use Distribution 2017 - Planning Area 0.28%

0.27% 0.2 6%

5%

1% 3%

0.17% RESIDENTIAL

7%

COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL

23%

VACANT INSITUTIONAL ROADS RAILWAY LINE AGRI.DRYLAND AGRI.WETLAND HILLOCKS 55%

WATER BODIES

Figure: 3.8.2.3 Existing Land Use Distribution (Planning Area)

1. Residential Use Residential use development of planning area is forecasted to be 909.13 hectares, out of which 18524.52hectares (4.91% of the developed area) are earmarked. 2. Commercial Use Commercial use has been increased to 49.43 hectares of the developed area, out of which the total Planning Area (0.27%) respectively. As the population increases the demand for commercial area increases, hence commercial areas has been planned at the major development. 3. Industrial Use Industrial use has been increased to 36.93 hectares of the developed area, out of which the total Planning Area (0.20%) respectively. 4. Institutional Use Institutional use has been increased to 52.93 hectares of the developed area, out of which the total Planning Area (0.28%) respectively. 89

5. Vacant Use Vacant use has been increased to 493.93 hectares of the developed area, out of which the total Planning Area (2.66%) respectively. 6. Transportation Use Area under Transportation use has been increased to 199.97 hectares of the developed area, out of which the total Planning Area (2.07%) respectively.

3.8.3 LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS The multi criteria analysis for identifying suitable sites for developments fulfilling the future demand is done through the Analytical Hierarchy Process method in ArcGIS software. To identify the location, the following Land Suitability is considering due to Residential Land Suitability, Commercial Land Suitability, Institutional Land Suitability and Industrial Land Suitability are utilized in ArcGIS. This study presented an application of multi criteria decision analysis technique as an approach to deal with proposed land use planning. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique has been used to obtain preference weights of land use suitability criteria in a located in Tiruttani Planning Area. Table No: 3.8.3.1 Residential Land Suitability S.No

Table 1: Scoring Pattern of Residential Land Suitability Category. Description Ranking Weightage

1

Slope

12%

2

Elevation

15%

3

Existing Land use

18%

4

Roads

15%

5

School

10%

6

Hospital

10%

7

Land Value Rate

20%

90

Table No: 3.8.3.2 Commercial Land Suitability S.No

Table 2: Scoring Pattern of Commercial Land Suitability Category. Description Ranking Weightage

1

Slope

18%

2

Elevation

20%

3

Existing Land use

23%

4

Roads

16%

5

Land Value

23%

Table No: 3.8.3.3 Institutional Land Suitability S.No

Table 3: Scoring Pattern of Institutional Land Suitability Category. Description Ranking Weightage

1

Slope

12%

2

Elevation

16%

3

Existing Land use

21%

4

Roads

12%

5

School

17%

6

Hospital

10%

7

Land Value Rate

12%

Table No: 3.8.3.4 Industrial Land Suitability S.No

Table 3: Scoring Pattern of Industrial Land Suitability Category. Description Ranking Weightage

1

Slope

24%

2

Elevation

26%

3

Existing Land use

30%

4

Roads

20%

91

Map No: 3.8.3.1 Residential Land Suitability

92

Map No: 3.8.3.2 Commercial Land Suitability

93

Map No: 3.8.3.3 Institutional Land Suitability

94

Map No: 3.8.3.4 Industrial Land Suitability

95

The following representation suitable factor characteristics are used in the calculation, including slope, elevation, Existing land use / land cover, school, hospital, road and land vale. Before applying weighted linear combination equation to calculated suitability index, these calculated scores are standardized to the measured scale 1 (Poor), 2 (Low), 3 (moderate), 4 (high) and 5 (very high suitability). All of the classifications and ranking values in spatial analysis are obtained according to studied. Table No: 3.8.3.5 The following factor considering Land Suitability S.No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Scoring Pattern of Factor in Land use Suitability Description Attributes Value 0 - 1.3 5 Points 1.3 - 4 4 Points Slope - 0°-24° 4 - 7.63 3 Points 7.63 - 12.28 2 Points 12.28 - 23.72 1 Points 70m - 101m 5 Points 101m - 145m 4 Points Elevation 145m - 230m 3 Points 230 - 346m 2 Points 346m - 470m 1 Points Residential 4 Points Commercial 4 Points Industrial 0 Points Vacant 5 Points Institutional 5 Points Existing Land use / Roads 1 Points Land Cover Railway Line 0 Points Agricultural Dry Land 1 Points Agricultural Wet Land 0Points Hillocks 0 Points Waterbodies 0 Points 0m - 500m 5 Points 500m - 1000m 4 Points Distance from School 1000m - 1500m 3 Points 1500m - 2000m 2 Points Above 2500 1 Points 0m - 750 m 4 Points 750m - 1500m 3 Points Distance from Hospital 1500m -2250m 2 Points 2250m - 3000m 1 Points 0m - 500m 5 Points 500m - 1000m 4 Points Road 1000m - 1500m 3 Points 1500m - 2000m 2 Points Above 2500 1 Points Less then 250 5 Points 250 - 350 4 Points Land Value Rate 350 - 450 3 Points 450 - 600 2 Points 600 - 1200 1 Points

96

Map No: 3.8.3.5.1 Slope

97

Map No: 3.8.3.5.2 Elevation

98

Map No: 3.8.3.5.3 Existing Land use and Land Cover

99

Map No: 3.8.3.5.4 Distance from School

100

Map No: 3.8.3.5.5 Distance from Hospital

101

Map No: 3.8.3.5.6 Distance from Road

102

Map No: 3.8.3.5.7 Land Value

103

3.8.4 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL REGULATION To guide the implementation of the Tiruttani Local Planning Area in an orderly manner according to the planning vision, Development Control Regulations are formulated for the relevant Land Uses. Unlike zoning, some flexibility will be built into the Development Control Regulations. It is envisaged that the proposed Development Control Regulations will be administered closely and will be reviewed periodically with the maturing of the planning and development control process and changing public aspirations throughout the planning period. Any existing uses that are approved prior to District development plan will be respected. Any unauthorized existing use will be considered non-conforming and subject to evaluation and approval of the competent authority. No development shall be allowed in the following area: 1. Eco sensitive area – Including all types of Forest and Hillocks in Tiruttani. 2. Water Bodies – Including the rivers, canals and Lakes. 3. Special area – Including the Monuments and Heritage structure. 4. Green area- Including the fertile agricultural land and fallow land. 3.8.4.1 Residential Uses: Housing demand for the present and the future has been analysed and the housing for the BPL family is to be provided by the government. The requirement of Housing is more in the urban area. Due to land scarcity in the Urban area, the housing type in the urban areas are high rise housing and in the rural areas low rise and low density housing are suggested. 3.8.4.2 Commercial Uses: These are areas used or intended to be used mainly for commercial development such as Office, Market/Food Centre/ Restaurant, Cinema, Hotel, Recreation Club, Private medical facilities, Private Educational facilities, Wedding Hall. 3.8.4.3 Institutional Uses: These areas cover the public and semi-public facilities 1. Civic & Community Institutions: sports complexes, police station, fire station and community clubs. 104

2. Associations, libraries and museums. 3. Educational Institutions: schools, colleges, universities etc. 4. Medical facilities: government Clinics and hospitals. 3.8.4.4 Industries Uses: Land is thrown open to support the industrial development in the Tiruttani. The district comprise of 2.17% of land that is thrown open for the industrial development. Though the land is open for development, but all these development will be made with certain restriction. The restriction are as follows: 1. No industrial development for 100 meters from the Rivers and canal, and 50 meters from lakes. 2. No Red industry can be established up to 5km from canals and 1 lm from lakes. 3. No industry can be laid near the eco sensitive area. 3.8.4.5 Agricultural Uses: Agricultural uses includes horticulture, farming, growing of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, grass, fodder and trees; or any kind of cultivation of soil, breeding and keeping of livestock including cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, fish, poultry, and bees; the use of land which is ancillary to the farming of land or any other agricultural purposes; but does not include the use of any land attached to a building for the purposes of garden to be used along with such building and the expression “agricultural” shall be construed accordingly 3.8.4.6 Special Area Uses The areas around the Heritage and Historic important sites are delineated as Special areas. The development in this site has separate regulation. Height of any development in this area can be above the height of heritage structure.

105

CHAPTER 4 PROPOSAL 4.1 TRANAPORTATION 4.1.1 Parking Lot Tiruttani is pilgrim Centre and a large number of vehicle flows but there is no sufficient parking space. The situation is becomes worst during festival periods. Hence a large site is proposed to provide parking lots with good facilities such as Pay & Use toilet, Restaurants, Fueling center and service shed etc. the site in Nallangundam Village with as an access from Sholingar road is proposed. 4.1.2 Shifting of Bus Stand The present bus stand with 12 bus bays functioning for both mofussil and town bus service but not in a portion to cater especially during peak hour demand. There is no good geometrical design to turning the vehicle and thereby creating traffic jam frequently. Therefore it is proposed to shifting of bus stand to Amirthapuram village and to provide all modern facilities. This not only decongest the traffic but also improve the revenue generation of local body by provide Commercial shops, Pay & Use toilet, Canteen, Transport office and Police control etc. According to IRC Recommendation of Shifting Bus Stand intercity and intracity buses connectivity to providing bus bay and also thump rule of per Hectare to provide mofussil bus stand of Bus Bay for 15 no’s.  Proposed Shifting of Bus Stand areas = 8.1 Hectare  Proposed Parking of Bus Bays = 30 no’s.

106

Figure: 4.1.2 Proposed Layout Bus Stand

4.1.3 Improvement to Intersections The following intersections are suffering both heavy traffic and pedestrian movements. They are survey is carried out in Highway department of Tiruttani. 8. Tiruutani Subway Approach Road 9. Chittoor-Tiruttani road 10. Chengalpattu-Kanchipuram-Arakkonam-Tiruttani road 11. Tiruttani-Podatturpet-Pallipet road 12. Chennai-Tiruttani-Renigunta road 13. Ma.Po.Salai 14. Tiruvallur road In order to regulate, Warning and guide the traffic on this junction, it need to provide well designed, adequate maintained Signs and Marking and Channelizing the traffic into proper position on the streets. Similarly to regulate the pedestrian movement’s road markings which include traffic Lane, Symbols, Words, Object Marking or other devices are to be provided. 4.1.4 Road Over Bridge Tiruvallur road to Sholingar has to cross the Nandhi river from municipality limits. The link get obstructed when the flow of water and is high in the river. Hence in order to have continuous flow to traffic, the road over bridge is proposed to construct a long run in the Bye Pass Tirupathi Road to Arakkonam Road.

107

4.1.5 Widening of Road During the peak hours P.S.Salai near Anna Bus stands and Chittoor Road is very congested by heavy traffic due to lack of width of roads. Hence it affects the movement of pilgrims to temple. Hence that road has to widened with due consideration.

Figure No: 4.1.5 Transportation Proposal for Tiruttani Town

108

Map No: 4.1.5 Transportation Proposal for Tiruttani Town

109

4.2 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN The proposed land use plan for the Tiruttani Planning Area has been prepared for the period of 2017-2038. In the Proposed Land Use Plan for LPA, Tiruttani different land use zones such as residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, Vacant, Transportation, agricultural, Hillocks and Water Bodies etc. have been earmarked based upon the computation of land use requirements as stated in the UDPFI guidelines, the existing growth pattern and potentials and desired vision for Tiruttani Local Planning Area. (Refer Map No: 4.2.1 & 4.2.2 Proposed Land Use Distribution Map for Urban Area and Planning Area) Table No: 4.2 Proposed Land Use Distribution for Planning Area PROPOSED LAND USE DISTRIBUTION - 2017 URBAN AREA S.NO

RURAL AREA

LAND USE Area (Ha)

% of Area

Area (Ha)

% of Area

PLANNING AREA % of Total LPA Area

DEVELOPED AREA 1

RESIDENTIAL

351.26

28.28

712.57

4.12

1063.83

5.74

2

COMMERCIAL

40.26

3.24

24.63

0.14

64.89

0.35

3

INDUSTRIAL

16.85

1.36

45.63

0.26

62.47

0.34

4

VACANT

140.3

11.3

302.62

1.75

442.92

2.39

5

INSITUTIONAL

17.35

1.4

58.29

0.34

75.64

0.41

6

ROADS

53.04

4.27

116.24

0.67

169.28

0.91

7

RAILWAY LINE

9.77

0.79

22.56

0.13

32.33

0.17

TOTAL

628.82

50.63

1282.54

7.42

1911.36

10.32

UNDEVELOPED AREA 1

AGRI.DRYLAND

118.06

9.51

1053.68

6.1

1171.74

6.33

2

AGRI.WETLAND

114.06

9.18

10041.36

58.1

10155.42

54.82

3

HILLOCKS

245.63

19.78

3964.26

22.94

4209.89

22.73

4

WATER BODIES

135.42

10.9

940.69

5.44

1076.11

5.81

TOTAL

613.18

49.37

15999.99

92.58

16613.16

89.68

NET TOTAL

1242

100

17282.52

100

18524.52

100

110

Proposed Land use Distribution 2038 - Planning Area 0.34%

0.35% 6%

1%

6% 2%

1% 0.17%

6%

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL

23%

VACANT INSITUTIONAL ROADS RAILWAY LINE AGRI.DRYLAND AGRI.WETLAND HILLOCKS WATER BODIES 55%

Figure: 4.2 Proposed Land Use Distribution (Planning Area)

1. Residential Use For the projected population of 163355 persons, the total area required by 2030 for urban development is forecasted to be 1063.83 hectares, out of which 18524.52hectares (10.32% of the developed area) are earmarked. The dedicated area for affordable housing for economical weaker sections is separately identified in the proposed land use plan 2038. 2. Commercial Use Commercial use has been increased to 0.35 hectares for the projected year 2038 from the existing 49.43 hectares contributing about 0.27 % and 0.35% of the developed area and the total planning area respectively. As the population increases the demand for commercial area increases, hence commercial areas has been planned at the major junction nodes.

111

3. Industrial Use Industrial use has been increased to 62.47 hectares for the projected year 2038 from the existing 36.93 hectares contributing about 0.34 % and 0.20 % of the developed area and the total planning area respectively. 4. Institutional Use Institutional use has been increased to 75.64 hectares for the projected year 2038 from the existing 52.59 hectares contributing about 0.41% and 0.28 % of the developed area and the total planning area respectively. 5. Vacant Vacant has been increased to 442.92 hectares for the projected year 2038 from the existing 493.33 hectares contributing about 2.39% and 2.66 % of the developed area and the total planning area respectively. 6. Transportation Use Area under Transportation use has been increased to 201.61 hectares for the projected year 2038 from the existing 197.97 hectares.

112

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION Thiruthani is a scared place has a unique character of Hindu religious institution contributing to an increase in the growth of population, also economy of the town and surrounding areas. Its importance due to the location of shrine on “Hills” dedicated to Lord Subramanian temple. The Thiruthani is a famous religious center, devotes from

all over the state gathering on the occasion of festivals. The study assess the levels of development in Thiruthani local planning area which is endowed with natural resources and has great potentials for development, which will help in modeling various development programmes in future. The delineate Master Plan was prepared to Thiruthani Local Planning Area, need to study carried out in context to the Demographic, Economy, Transportation, Housing, Physical and Social Infrastructure, Tourism and Land use plan for future. “Master Plan (MP)” is identified as a strategic tool to achieve the above objectives. Considering the role and importance of rational and orderly growth of urban centres, the State Government of intends to streamline the development process in urban and surrounding settlements to ensure that these settlements continue to achieve their objectives of improved efficiency and productivity. Ensuring systematic, balanced and integrated development for future Planning Area.

113

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http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdf, dated 20.02.2010. 8. Master Plan 2025, Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority Report Part-II, July 2009. 9. MoUD, 2013, draft report, Rapid Baseline Assessment Guwahati City: Capacity Building for Urban Development, Ministry of Urban Development, and Government of India. 10. CDP-Assam, 2006, City Development Plan, Government of Assam, India. Census-2011, Government of India. 11. Facility, Closest, and Service Area Analysis. “ArcGIS Network Analyst.” 12. Fang, Kun, Polygon Based Model, and Xu Yiqin. “Gis Network Analysis in Rescue of Coal Mine.” (2001) 13. http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/pdf/network-analyst-tutorial.pdf 14. Smith, Richard C, David L Harkey, and Bobby Harris. “Implementation of GIS-Based Highway Safety Analyse : Bridging the Gap.” January (2001) 15. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/pdf/Network_A nalyst_Tutorial.pdf

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16. Saaty, T. L. 1988. Multi criteria Decision Making: The Analytical Hierarchy Process. RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, PA. 17. Saaty, T. L. 1990. An exposition on the AHP in reply to the paper ‘remarks on the analytic hierarchy process.’ Manag. Sci., 36, 259–268. 18. Saaty, T. L. 1994. Highlights and critical points in the theory and application of the analytic hierarchy process. Eur. J. Oper. Res., 74, 426–447. 19. Malczewski, J. (2006). Ordered weighted averaging with fuzzy quantifiers: GIS-based multi criteria evaluation for land-use suitability analysis. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo information, 8(4): 270-277. 20. Government of India (2011), Census of India 21. Government of Karnataka (2013). Masterplan for Neelamangala Local Planning area, 2031 (2013), Zoning regulations 22. Government of West Bengal (February 14, 2007), The West Bengal Municipal (Building) rules, 2007 23. Ministry of Urban Development (February 2014), Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation Guidelines, Draft Volume1

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