Makalah Gerund & To Infinitive

Gerund & To Infinitive A.Gerund Gerund is the –ing form of a verb(Example: talking, playing, understanding). The functions of gerund is to replace noun, so sometimes in the sentences you can find a gerund replacing noun. Gerund as the object of preposition.

(a)

(b) (c)

“to” is a preposition, not part of an infinitive form, so a gerund follows.

(d) (e)

(f)

Negatife form: “not” precedes a gerund.

(g)

We talked about going to Canada for our vacation. Steve is in charge of organizing the meeting. I’m interested in learning more about your work. I’m used to sleeping with the window open. I look forward to going home next home next month. They object to changing their plans at this late date. We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally we decided we should go.

Verbs that Usually Followed By a Gerund (a) I enjoy playing tennis.

(b) Joe quit smoking. (c) Joe gave up smoking.

Gerunds are used as the objects of certain verbs. Enjoy is not followed by an infinitive. INCORRECT: I enjoy to play tennis. (b) and (c) have the same meaning, and followed by gerunds.

Examples List: a. Enjoy b. Appreciate c. Mind d. Quit(Give up) e. Finish(Get through) f. Stop* g. Avoid h. Postpone(Put off) i. Delay j. Keep(Keep on) k. Consider(Think about) l. Mention m.Suggest *More examples for “Stop”: a. Stop + gerund : When the professor entered the room, the students stopped talking. (The room become quiet) b. Stop + infinitive : While I was walking down the street, I ran an old friend. I stopped to talk to him. (I stopped walking in order to talk to him)

Go + Gerund (a) (b)

Did you go shopping? We went fishing yesterday.

Examples List: a. Go birdwatching b. Go boating c. Go bowling d. Go camping e. Go canoeing f. Go fishing g. Go dancing h. Go hiking i. Go hunting j. Go jogging k. Go mountain climbing l. Go running m.Go sailing n. Go shopping o. Go sightseeing p. Go skating q. Go skiing r. Go sledding s. Go swimming t. Go tobogganing u. Go window shopping

“Go” is followed by a gerund in certain expressions, for most part, recreational activities.

B. Infinitive Infinitife is the “to + the simple form of a verb(Example: to talk, to play, to understand. Example of the sentences: a. Verb + Infinitive 1. I hope to see you again soon. 2. He promised to be here by ten. 3. He promised not to be late. b. Verb + (Pro)Noun + Infinitive 1. Mr. Lee told me to be here at ten o’clock. 2. The police ordered the driver to stop. c. Verb + Infinitive 1. I was told to be here at ten o’clock. 2. the driver was ordered to stop. d. Negative form: Just add “not” before the infinitive. Like, “He promised not to eat before finishing his task”. Examples List of Verb + Infinitive: a. Hope to p. Need to b. Plan to c. Intend to* d. Decide to e. Promise to f. Agree to g. Offer to h. Refuse to i. Seem to j. Appear to k. Pretend to l. Ask to m. Expect to n. Would like to o. Want to

Examples List of Verb + (Pro)Noun + Infinitive: a. Tell someone to b. Advise someone to** c. Encourage someone to d. Remind someone to e. Invite someone to f. Permit someone to g. Allow someone to h. Warn someone to i. Require someone to j. Order someone to k. Force someone to l. Ask someone to m. Expect someone to n. Would like someone to o. Want someone to p. Need someone to “Intend” is usually followed by an infinitive. Example : I intend to go to the meeting. • But sometimes may be followed by a gerund. Example : I intend going to the meeting. •

** A gerund is used after “advise” if there is no (pro) noun object. Compare: 1. He advised me buying a Trueno AE86 car.(Gerund) 2. He advised me to buy a Trueno AE86 car. (Infinitive)

Common Verbs That followed By infinitive: 1. Verb +Infinitive or Gerund(With No Difference In Meaning) * Begin * Prefer* * Start * Hate * Continue * Can’t stand * Like * Can’t bear * Love Example: a. It began to rain/It began raining. b. I started to work/I started working. c. It as beginning to rain.

There is no difference of the meaning, if the sentence uses a gerund or an infinitive.

2. Verb + Infinitive or Gerund( With a Difference In Meaning) * Remember * Regret * Forget * Try Example: a. Arthur always remembers Remember + infinitive = to lock the door. remember to perform responsibility, duty, or task. b. Patrick often forgets to Forget + infinitive = forget to lock the door. perform a responsibility, duty, or task. c. I remember seeing the Remember + gerund = Alps for the first time. remember(recall) something that happened in the past. d. I’ll never forget seeing Forget + gerund = forget the Alps for the first time. something that happened in the past.

e.

f.

g. h.

I regret to tell you that you failed the test.

Regret + infinitive = regret to say, to tell someone, to inform someone of some bad news. I regret lending him some Regret + gerund = regret money. He never paid something that happened in the back. past I’m trying to learn Try + infinitive = make an English. effort. The room was hot. I tried Try + gerund = experiment with opening the window, but a new or different approach to that didn’t help. So I tried see if it works. turning on the fan, but I was still hot. Finally, I turned on the air conditioner.

* Patterns of using “prefer”: a. Prefer + gerund = I prefer staying home to going to the concert. b. Prefer + infinitive = I prefer to stay home than (to) go to the concert.

FINISH ________I’M DONE WITH THIS HELL OF A S**T______