Major Project.docx

NRI INSTITUITE OF INEORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL

(AFFILIATED TO R.G.P.V.BHOPAL) SESSION 2015-2019 CERTIFICATE This is to certified that the minor project report entitled "CASE STUDY OF 10 CAR SHADE IN COLLAGE PARKING ZONE” being submitted by civil engineering students for partial fulfilment of the requirement of the Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Civil engineering Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) is a record of work done by them under my guidance. Guided by – PROF.-ZEBA KHATOON

Submitted byMAHENDRA JAISWAL ( 0115CE151044 ) 1|Page

NRI INSTITUE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ( AFFILITAED TO RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA BHOPAL)

AFFILITAED TO RGPV BHOPAL

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE The project report "CASE STUDY OF 10 CAR’S PARKING SHADE IN COLLAGE ZONE ". Being submitted by civil department student has been examined by us and is hereby approved for the award of degree BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL Engineering for which it has submitted, it is understood or approve the that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse ……………………………..

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(INTERNAL EXAMINER)

(EXTERNAL EXAMINER) 2|Page

Guide

DECLARATION We are the student of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL Engineering, session 2018-2019 in the Department of CIVIL Engineering NRI Institute of Information Science & Technology , Bhopal (M.P). here by declared that the work presented in this report entitled CASE STUDY OF 10 CAR PARKING SHADE IN COLLAGE PARKING ZONE correct to the best of our knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of engineering ethics. The work presented does not infringe any patented Work and has not been submitted to any other university or anywhere else for the award of any degree or any professional diploma

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Practical is the best education and an opportunity to apply theoretical learning and experience the results. Getting associated with an institute like NIIST, Bhopal (M.P) for learning was more than privilege. I would take the pleasure by expressing our gratitude towards Prof. Zeba Khatoon and Guide for allowing under take the report work for successful completion of the study. I again express our sincere thanks to prof. Zeba Khatoon for his valuable guidance, co-operation, continuously motivates commandments &

the moral support, which was necessary for successful completion of our major project. I also express sincere gratitude to the Lecturers, Professors & Lab assistance of NIIST, Bhopal for providing helpful study materials and instrument associated with our project.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks my classmates for their encouragement and cooperation and support during the time of working through this project.

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ABSTRACT: As we all know that world’s population is increasing day by day. Increasing population increases the vehicle use. So, now parking has become a major issue now a day. There is a huge demand of proper parking facilities. World’s vehicle use statics are increasing day by day. It’s a major issue for proper parking facilities in order to maintain the traffic conditions and adequate traffic flow. So, to overcome with the traffic and parking problems, we need to understand the parking demands so that we can improve the parking facilities. So, in order to know the parking demand, we have to analyze firstly a sample structure. So, to study the parking strategy, I had surveyed the different parking facilities present at “Bhopal city at different parking zone including smart parking introduced by Bhopal municipal corporation” where the parking demand is at the peak. Most of the people have their own vehicles, so there is a huge demand of proper parking space. 5|Page

In order to short out the parking demand, we need to study the parking pattern so that we can improve the parking facilities. I collected data from different parking space and determined the best and most suitable pattern to design a sample structure at college campus NIIST. Initially we figured out what is the variation of PCU (Passenger Car Unit) with a certain time. For this purpose planning in auto-cad is completed with analysis part in Staad pro for optimization of steel sections as per 8 vehicles capacity loading. Keywords: Staad, Parking, Steel structure, Shed, Optimization, CAD, planning.

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“Low Cost shade for parking in an NIIST campus” 1.1 GENERAL: The need for car parking shed structure in college campus is needed to provide proper arrangement of setting up vehicles of faculties a safe and managed place, to avoid disturbance or obstruction in road and for security purposes. There are several key issues, which need to be addressed in the design of multi-story parking structures. They are: 1.

Site

considerations,

environmental

and

neighborhood

impacts and traffic access 2. Number of parking spaces, car circulations, ramps and other architectural aspects 3. Security and safety 4. Structural aspects (particularly in highly seismic areas, seismic design aspects) 5. Cost and speed of construction 6. Life cycle cost of maintenance 7|Page

7. Fire resistance and/or need for fireproofing The first three items in the above list, to great extent, are impacted by the decisions of architects. Items 4 to 6 in above list, also are impacted by architectural aspects, however, these three items are primarily impacted by the structural design and decisions made by the structural engineers. Today, structural steel provides viable systems that address the above key issues. In the past, a large percentage of parking structures throughout the country were designed and built using reinforced concrete structures. However, since 1980’s in many regions of the US including seismic areas such as California, more and more steel parking structures have been designed and built. According to Emile Troup (1989), nearly three out of every five car parks for which contracts were awarded in 1987 in New England were steel. He attributes this increase in use of steel structures in open parking structures to the fact that as a result of research and testing done in 1970’s the issue of fire-proofing of steel structures in car parks was put to rest and the use of “unprotected steel“in parking structures was accepted (Troup, 1989). Because of 8|Page

Extensive research and testing of bare steel structures subjected to fire, the fire codes no longer have very stringent requirement for fire protection of steel car parking structures. This development, along with education and dissemination of information on viability and economy of using steel structures in car parking, may have been instrumental in visible increase in design and construction of steel parking structures. In this study we will prepare a parking shed of steel structure with steel roofing as per number of vehicles and future requirement using CAD tool AUTOCAD and analyze it in STAAD.PRO for its safe designing and quantity estimation.

1.2. General Aspects of Design of Parking Structures Design of car parking involves good combination of information on not only building design but also bridge design. Like bridges, in many cases, especially in open car parks, there are very few non-structural elements and the car park building, as 9|Page

a bridge is primarily a bare structure with minimal mechanical and non-structural elements. According to Emile Troup: “In many cases the structure – the deck and frame – is the car park. The concept and design of the deck and frame will largely determine the success of the facility: its cost and its ability to perform, relatively problem free, for the design life expectancy. Therefore, it is recommended that the structural engineer for the car park share the lead role as building designer, in close association with others charged with developing the optimum parking concept. According to the standard EN 1991,the floor deck must be designed to support a uniform load of 2.5 kg per meter square For an area up to1205 meter square per parking space ” The April 2001 issue of the Modern Steel Construction magazine (MSC, 2001) featured six articles on various aspects of steel parking structures. In almost all case studies, the prominent role of structural engineer and the impact of structural engineering decisions on making the projects highly successful are very clear. The reader is urged to refer to the articles for very useful information

and

case

studies

on

efficient

design

and 10 | P a g e

construction of modern steel parking structures.

As an

introduction to design concepts for parking structures, the following briefly lists the important requirements: · Since floor loadings are relatively light, floor plans usually need large, simply framed areas ordinarily consisting of easy-to-design structural elements.

The size and number of columns in

parking structures is critical since closely spaced and large columns quite often reduce the useful width of the traffic lanes as well as reducing width and number of the parking spaces in a given floor. Therefore, parking structures normally have clear spans of about 60 feet at least in one direction. · Because both framing and floors are atmospherically exposed, this exposure may create a condition of standing water and in some areas exposure

to

maintenance

de-icing

salts.

should

be

Hence,

given

long-term

appropriate

structural care

and

consideration. Joints in the floor decks can result in leakage, corrosion and chloride attacks. Floor joints should be avoided if possible and if they are absolutely needed, the number of joints in the floor deck should be kept to a minimum.· Although gasoline and other combustible elements are invariably present 11 | P a g e

and thereby suggest fire hazards, this is not the case in open deck parking structure.

1.3. Steel structures In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "twoforce member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Although this rigorous definition allows the members to have any shape connected in any stable configuration, trusses typically comprise five or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. In this typical context, external forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members that are

either tensile or compressive.

For

straight

members,

moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because all the joints in a truss are treated as revolute, which is necessary for the links to be two-force members. Truss elements are one dimensional in their local coordinate system and carry only axial loads due to their pin connections at nodes. A truss element needs only a cross sectional area ( A ) to define its geometry due to the axial load limitation, and its length is determined by the location of its end nodes. A threedimensional truss element has two local degrees of freedom 12 | P a g e

and six global degrees of freedom, with three translational degrees of freedom at each end of the element. The only forces (f1,f2) and displacements (u1,u2) allowed in this local system lie in direct axial placement with the element, and the element has two degrees of freedom. The global coordinate system (X,Y,Z) that is used in the structural analysis for broken into three equivalent global components. A planar truss is one where all members and nodes lie within a two dimensional plane, while a space truss has members and nodes that extend into three dimensions. The top beams in a truss are called top chords and are typically in compression, the bottom beams are called bottom chords, and are typically in tension. The interior beams are called webs, and the areas inside the webs are called panels. A truss consists of typically (but not necessarily) straight members connected at joints, traditionally

termed panel

points.

Trusses

are

typically

composed of triangles because of the structural stability of that shape and design. A triangle is the simplest geometric figure that will not change shape when the lengths of the sides are fixed. Structural steel is a category of steel used as a construction material for making structural steel shapes. Check A structural steel profile like as chemical composition and mechanical properties.

Structural

steel

shapes,

sizes,

composition,

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strengths,

storage

practices,

etc.,

are

regulated

by standards in most industrialized countries.

Fig 1: Parking she

1.3 Parking Shed Dimensions: For trip destinations, parking requirement is calculated on Gross Floor Area (GFA), or the number of visits (where the final employee/visitor number can be estimated). As a rule, business and commercial use vehicle parking requirements are calculated by GFA. Where GFA is used to determine parking standards and the calculation results in a fraction of a space, the number should 14 | P a g e

be rounded up to the nearest whole number. For example, the standard may be 1 car parking space for every 4 sqm of GFA, and a development has a GFA of 17 sqm, a calculation of 17 divided by 4 gives 4.25 spaces, rounded up to the nearest whole number gives a total requirement of 5 spaces. Total width of parking - 25m = 82.02ft (83ft approx) Length of parking – 5m = 16.40ft (17ft approx) Total area of parking zone – 125 square meter Area of one car parking – 12.5 square meter

Fig 2: Car dimensions 15 | P a g e

1.4. Layout 0f ten car parking

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1.5. Type of Parking There are often several options for providing parking on a site. The appropriate solution will depend on the type of project and factors such as: 

Parking demand & vehicle types – these will determine the

total parking area required 

Site

dimensions

&

planning

controls –

these

will

determine the shape and height of parking areas 

Land value – will determine whether parking can be

underground, elevated or stacked. Parking should be considered early in the design process as it impacts on so many elements of a building, including access, street frontages and structural grids.

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Fig 3: Parking types Table 1: Parking types

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1.6. Objectives The main objectives of the present study are as follows:(i)

To analyze and design Parking shed using AutoCAD and Staad.pro

(ii) (iii)

To Design and implement this project in college campus. To determine the most cost effective type of truss section for parking shed.

(iv)

To design a parking shed for minimum 8 vehicles.

1.7 Methodology In this study following steps are followed: Step-1 First we will determine the no of vehicle to be parked. Step-2 We will select a suitable area as per our requirement. Step-3 we will prepare a plan of parking using cad tool. Step-4 we will determine the type of parking and drawing checked by guide. Step-5 we will determine the economical structure using analysis tool staad.prio. Step-6 we will determine the estimation and costing as per S.O.R. Step-7 we will implement the project in major project at college campus. 1.7.1 CAD & Staad Methodology In this study Planning and designing of a parking shed is provided for NIIST college campus This study is attempted in following steps: Step-1 selection of parking shed geometry and complete planning in autocad 19 | P a g e

Fig 4: Planning Step-2 Assigning general property, section, material, supports and loading cases using staad. pro

Step-3 load combination as per 875-part-V 20 | P a g e

Table 2: Number of load cases details

Load case no.

Load cases 1

D-L

2

L-L

3

1.5 D.L. + L.L.

Step-4 3-Dimensional modeling of parking frames using STAAD.Pro v8i.

Fig 5: 3-D rendering view

Step-5 Analysis of Steel frames as per I.S. 800:2007

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Step-6 Designing structures as per I.S.800:2007 to determine the amount of reinforcement required in both the cases. Table 3: estimate

S.No.

Steel section kN

Cost

1

2

3

Possible outcome: In this study we are preparing a live project designing and detailing for further implementation in major project. Following outcomes can be observed as: 

It will provide a practical implementation.



It will be a case study for execution of steel structure.



It will provide introduction to S.O.R.

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