MAAC-Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting APDS RULE BOOK V 1.1 2008
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APDS Index. 1. General Purpose of APDS 2. Rules Safety 3. Rules Pistols 4. Rules Competition 5. Participation in APDS – Qualifiers 6. RCO Qualifications. 7. Match Procedures. 8. CoF – Manifesto and Match example. 9. Score Penalties, Time Penalties and Disqualifications – Summary 10. Appendix 1. General Purpose of Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting (APDS). 1.1 APDS is designed specifically for CO2 air pistol and air soft gas blow back pistols. APDS is designed to create dynamic shooting scenarios that need to be resolved by the competitors utilizing these pistols focusing on the universal gun handling rules. 1.2 APDS promotes the basic safeties required in dynamic pistol shooting which in turn becomes a solid foundation for those competitors who plan to take part in arms proper dynamic shooting disciplines such as IDPA and IPSC. 1.3 APDS is based on the general principles of IDPA and IPSC but is not a copy and paste rule book. APDS although designed on the same ideas is fully adapted for this type of equipment. Whilst keeping the rules as safe, the complex IDPA and IPSC rules are simplified to make this sport a standalone enjoyable platform. 1.4 APDS also provides a level playground for all competitors with different types of air pistols and air soft pistols, to test their skill and ability in resolving these scenarios with maximum safe gun handling.
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2. Rules - Safety. There are 4 universal laws of gun safety which are also the basics of APDS. APDS puts these rules in test to sharpen the competitor’s awareness towards safe gun handling. a. The gun is always loaded. b. Never point a gun towards anything you do not intend to shoot. c. Always be sure of your target and what lay in its surroundings. d. Keep finger off trigger until your sights are on target. Equipment. 2.1 Eye protection is Mandatory for APDS competitors in the Course of Fire. Eye protection is recommended to be worn in the Shooters Area as well. Each shooter and official has the obligation to bring to attention any shooters ignoring the use of eye protection. 2.2 Competitors wearing vision correction spectacles are recommended to wear protective glasses with RX inserts thus retaining the vision correction. However normal vision correction spectacles are not a replacement for protective eye wear. 2.3 Sound (Ear) protection is NOT mandatory but shooters are allowed to use such devises if they wish to. 2.4 Strong shoes or boots are Mandatory for APDS. Sandals or any other type of open shoes is NOT allowed in APDS. 2.5 Shooter is allowed to use other protective aids such as knee caps or elbow caps during APDS matches. 2.6 Holsters are Mandatory in APDS. Any type of holster that covers the trigger area is allowed. Only under arm holsters are not allowed in APDS. Holsters can be worn on a secondary holster belt. Magazine pouches are also allowed in APDS, however a shooter can hold magazines inside a shooting vest or cargo pockets of their trousers. 2.7 The use of full military clothing is discouraged but not illegal in APDS. 2.8 All pistols must be mechanically sound for use in APDS. The pistols must have a working safety device such as the standard safety lever. Other safety devices such as trigger safe, as used on hammerless pistols are allowed, until it is functional. The Range Officer may discard any pistol he suspects faulty or not having the required safeties. The final decision must be taken between the Range Officer, Match Officer and the APDS Rep.
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Procedure Safety. 2.9 ALL types of pistols used in APDS must remain cased and unloaded until the shooters are inside the “Shooters Area”. The shooters exiting the “Shooters Area” into the “Spectators Area” are allowed to carry pistols in holster unloaded & safe in a holster but both pistols and magazines must not be touched as this will lead to instant disqualification from the match and even from the range. The shooters will be allowed to adjust or dry fire their pistols in the “Test area”. 2.10 Inside the Shooters Area the pistol can be uncased and holstered. 2.11 Inside the Shooters Area the pistols must be carried unloaded of magazines and on safe. 2.12 CO2 Air Pistols can be loaded with CO2 cartridges in the Shooters Area. 2.13 GBB Pistol owners can charge the magazines with gas in the Shooters Area. 2.14 All shooters can load their magazines with pellets or air soft BB’s in the “Shooters Area”. 2.15 Magazines cannot be loaded inside the pistols inside the “Shooters Area”. Any shooter loading magazines in the Shooters Area will be disqualified from the match and the range. 2.16 It is advisable to keep the pistols cased or holstered until the time to use them even in the “Shooters Area”. 2.17 Loading of magazines inside a pistol is ONLY allowed in two occasions: a. When on the starting line of the Course of Fire (CoF) as instructed by the Range Officer. b. On the “Zeroing Lanes” under the observation of the Range Officer. 2.18 Any shooter loading a magazine empty or full in any other circumstance which has not been instructed or authorized by the Range Officer is disqualified from the match and the range. 2.19 Before leaving the “CoF” and the “Zeroing Lanes” all magazines must be removed and weapon cleared before returning to the “Shooters Area”. 2.20 On the “CoF” the Range Officer is in constant attention to your gun handling skills and safeties whilst on the “Zeroing Lane” shooters are advised to observe basic gun handling regulations and common sense. Although this is a “Zeroing Lane”, still the Range Officer can warn or disqualify a shooter from the match. 2.21 For your own safety all waste cartridges and other material must be disposed in the appropriate waste bins.
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2.22 For ALL Safety and Match regulations the Range Officer word is final and cannot be contested. The RO must inform the Match Officer about his decision. 2.23 For all Match procedure rules the APPS Representative word is final. He can consult his decision with the Match Officer and Range Officers. 3. Rules Pistols. Pistol types allowed and leveling in APDS. 3.1 APDS is designed for the following equipment a. CO2 Air Pistols/revolvers (8 – 10 shot drum type) 0.177cal. b. CO2 Air Pistols (24 Shot chain drive) 0.177cal. c. CO2 Air Pistols Blow Backs (8 Shot or chain drive) 0.177cal. d. Air soft Gas Blow Back Pistols 6mm cal. . Full auto CO2 or GBB pistols are not allowed. 3.2 The pistols have different magazine capacities so these must be leveled out to provide a level playground. 3.3 Below is a table showing the 3 types of Course of Fire (CoF) in APDS. The maximum shoots required to complete the CoF and the number of reloads required by standard 8 shot and 10 shot rotary drum magazine CO2 pistols. CoF Type APDS Short Medium Long
Max Shots in CoF 16 24 32
TGTS 8S Drum reloads 8 1X 12 2X 16 3X
10s Drum reloads 1X 2X 3X
3.4 There are 3 types of CoF in APDS – Short – Medium and Long. In APDS one can shot a maximum of 2 shots per scoring target to complete the CoF. The basic rule for scoring is the best hit out of 2 shots on one target. 3.5 As you see from the table shooters of 8 shot or 10 shot drum pistols theoretically use the same amount of reloads during all types of CoF. 3.6 The Maximum Shots in CoF does not mean that the shooter must carry exactly the shown number of shots unless it is not stated in the CoF Manifesto. There will be occasions when the CoF manifesto will specify the maximum number of shots to be carried. When not stated the shooter can carry as much magazines as deemed necessary. Please note that even if not specified the number of shots hitting all targets must not exceed the maximum shots for the CoF type. Other regulations will clarify.
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3.6 Users of pistols which have a magazine capacity more then 10 shots (24 Shot CO2 and GBB’s) have two options to select before the match and to settle with the Range Officer for counting and scoring purposes: Option A. Load a maximum of 10 shots in separate magazines. In this case the shooter will not receive the Reload Handicap Penalty (RHP) or Reload Possibility Penalty (RPP). Option B The shooter may load the maximum of shots the magazine holds. The shooter will then get The Reload Handicap Penalty (RHP=4.5s) of 4.5 seconds is given per each theoretical reload and 2.5 seconds is given for each additional Reload Possibility Penalty (RP=2.5s). This is required to level out with 8 shot and 10 shot drum pistol owners to complete the CoF. Below find a table showing the number of RHP and RPP penalties one will get for selecting option B. The shooter with 10+ shots selecting option B has the possibility to avoid only RPP’s by removing the extra shots from the last magazine. This has to be confirmed by RCO before CoF and noted on the score sheet. Standard 8 drum CoF Type
Max Shots to complete CoF Short 16 Med 24 Long 32
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP Load Reload Reload Reload Reload 4.5sec 2.5sec
8 8 8
8 8 8
8 8
8
16 24 32
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Standard 10 drum (Excluded fro RPP as magazines cannot be partially loaded). CoF Type
Max Shots to complete CoF Short 16 Med 24 Long 32
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP Load Reload Reload Reload Reload 4.5sec 2.5sec
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10
10
20 30 40
4 6 8
0 0 0
1 1 1
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24 Chain Drive CoF Type
Max Shots to complete CoF Short 16 Med 24 Long 32
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP 4.5sec 2.5sec Load Reload Reload Reload Reload
24 24 24
24
24 24 48
8 0 16
1 2 3
1 0 2
18 GBB CoF Type
Max Shots to complete CoF Short 16 Med 24 Long 32
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP 4.5sec 2.5sec Load Reload Reload Reload Reload
18 18 18
18 18
18 36 36
2 12 4
1 2 3
1 2 1
20 GBB CoF Type
Max Shots to complete CoF Short 16 Med 24 Long 32
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP Load Reload Reload Reload Reload 4.5sec 2.5sec
20 20 20
20 20
20 40 40
4 16 8
1 2 3
1 2 1
24 GBB CoF Type
Max Shots to complete CoF Short 16 Med 24 Long 32
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total Extra RHP RPP Load Reload Reload Reload Reload 4.5sec 2.5sec
24 24 24
24
24 24 48
8 0 16
1 2 3
1 0 2
3.7 Both option A or B must be noted on the Score Sheet prior to the CoF. The Range Officer will determine the RHP and RPP value and ensure magazines are loaded with the appropriate number of shots before the CoF starts. 3.8 Any shooter attempting to cheat will be disqualified from the match.
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Pistol Specifications. 3.9 Pistols modifications such as the installation of red dot scopes, barrel extensions, enhanced grips and compensators are allowed until the pistol can be holstered and is still safe to use. 3.10 Pistol must have a function safety catch to qualify for APDS. The safety can be standard lever safety catch or a functional trigger safety such as that found on hammerless pistols. This also includes safety bars most commonly found on CO2 revolvers and some pistol models. 3.11 Laser dots targeting devices are illegal in Malta hence illegal in APDS. 3.12 All Pistols must be transported from home to range and vice versa in a suitable pistol case. 3.13 It is advisable that CO2 cartridges are not left inside the pistol after use for both safety and functionality purpose. CO2 ruins the gas seals. 3.14 It is advisable to keep GBB magazines charged with gas as these have a tendency to leak and dry out if empty for a long time. 3.15 Keep pellets, BB’s, CO2 cartridges and Gas in a separate bag away from the pistol. 3.16 All pistols used in APDS must be registered on your TS-B licence. 3.17 There is no pistol category. All types are leveled out to one type. 4. Rules Competition Course of Fire (CoF) Types. 4.1 In APDS each scenario is called Course of Fire (CoF). 4.2 In APDS has 3 different CoF’s, these are: a. Short CoF b. Medium CoF c. Long CoF 4.3 In a Short CoF the shooter must engage 8 scoring targets and the maximum number of shots required to complete a Short CoF is 16 shots. 4.4 In a Medium CoF the shooter must engage 12 scoring targets and the maximum number of shots to complete a Medium CoF is 24 shots. 4.5 In a Long CoF the shooter must engage 16 scoring targets and the maximum number of shots to complete a Long CoF is 32 shots.
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4.6 An MAAC APDS Competition Match consists of: 1 X Short CoF and 1X Medium or Long Course. 4.7 In APDS the final score is called the Hit Factor. This is derived from the point value minus point penalties, divided by time to complete CoF plus time penalties. CoF Targets. 4.8 In APDS we use the following scoring targets. A: Classic Diamond 1/3 scale B. Classic IDPA Target 1/3 scale. 4.9 These targets have hit zones marked in A, C & D. The values are as follows: A=5 points C=4 points. D=2 points. 4.10 In APDS each scoring target can be shot a maximum of 2 times. The pellet or BB touching a zone line will be given the zone points (outer scoring method). The pellet or BB hit with the highest value is the score for that target. 4.11 There are two variations of these targets. a. Covered Targets. b. No Shoot Targets. 4.12 Covered targets have a part of the scoring area printed all black. This represents the target as being behind cover. If a shot lands in this black area this is regarded as target not hit. If the shot falls on the scoring area, then scoring will be applied as in 4.9 & 4.10. A pellet or BB falling between the cover and scoring area is considered as a score. 4.13 No Shoot Targets as the name imply are No Shoot Targets. If a shooter hits the No Shoot Target by mistake, ricochet or punch trough these target are regarded as hit. The hit with the highest value is taken and multiplied X 2. This value is a NO HIT PENALTY and will be deducted from the total scoring points. Example 1: If a NO Shoot Target receives 3 hits 2 in zone D and 1 in zone A, the highest value is zone A = 5 points. The NO HIT PENALTY for this NO HIT Target is 5X2 = 10 points which will be deducted from the final total scoring points. 4.14 All targets described in 4.8 and 4.11 can be mounted from 0.5 meters center to ground up to 1.5m center to ground. 4.15 Targets can be placed at any distance between minimum 4 meters maximum 15 meters.
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4.16 The CoF specify the MAXIMUM number of scoring targets depending if Short, Medium and Long. However it does not specify the Number of NO HIT Targets. This is left to the course designers. Still the NST must not exceed ½ the amount of scoring targets. 4.17 The course designer can include a number of NO HIT Targets in a CoF and he can arrange them in a way that the shooter must find the correct angle to shoot to confirm with the universal gun law “Always be sure of your target and what lay in its surroundings.” 4.18 The course designer may include any type of barrier or cover that must be incorporated in the scenario. Such barriers must be constructed with safety in mind and must not be of any danger to the shooter. The barriers must also not restrict any shooter from the possibility to conclude his scenario due to physical difficulties. 4.19 The course designer can use also a Metal Stop plate (diameter 20cm) or knock down Classic Popper as a means to show that this is the last target of the CoF. This must be one of the MAXIMUM scoring targets of the CoF. Any metal Classic Popper or Stop Plate hit value is 5 points. 4.20 In APDS each scoring paper target can be hit by a maximum of 2 shots. If a scoring paper target registers more then 2 shots the highest score on the target will be taken and -2 penalty deducted from the final point score. 4.21 Each CoF specifies MAXIMUM number of shots. If the total number of hits specified for the CoF is exceed on both Scoring Targets and Non Shot targets and metal targets then for each extra shot a -5 point penalty is applied. CoF Manifesto. 4.22 Each CoF will have a written scenario briefing called CoF Manifesto. 4.23 This must be shown in the notice board so that all competitors can read the specification for the CoF. The RO reads the CoF manifesto in his briefing. 4.24 The CoF Manifest must include: a. CoF Type – Short – Medium – Long. b. CoF layout showing Scoring Target numbered, NON Shoot Targets numbered, Barriers, fault lines, charging lines etc. c. Shooter Starting position and stance. d. Pistol ready conditions. e. Course of action procedure. f. Any other information such as mandatory reloads etc. 4.25 The scoring targets have to be labeled with T on the score sheet. Starting from T1 to max targets used for CoF.
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4.26 The No Shoot targets have to be labeled with NST on the score sheet. Starting from NST1 to max NST used for CoF. 4.27 Shooters starting position and stance must be indicated. Normally the shooter starts from inside a box or a charging line. The start position of shooter can be natural hand on sides or on head height. There can be also other details such as back to targets, facing targets, seated, laying down flat or any other every day normal stance such as reading a news paper. As written on the manifesto. 4.28 Pistol ready conditions are limited to the following: a. Unloaded holstered or non holstered. b. Loaded with hammer down and safe holstered or un holstered. c. All Single Action pistols start magazine loaded with no pellet or BB in chamber holstered or un holstered. 4.29 The description of the action must be simple step form. Showing step by step what is expected by the shooter during the CoF. This is called Procedure. Failing to follow the procedures requested will result in Procedural Penalties. 4.30 Procedural Penalties carry each 1 second penalties. These are added to the recorded time to complete CoF. 4.31 Procedural Penalties can be the following. a. False Start. b. Not meeting Pistol Ready conditions. c. Not observing the shooter starting position or stance correctly. d. Foot faults (with one leg out of a shooting box when requested) e. Shooting from beyond a fault line. f. Not observing any part of the procedure. g. Sweeping on a pistol draw. 4.32 Failing to carry out a Mandatory Reload if requested in the procedure will carry a higher weight. The shooter will get the following penalties: a. 1 second for not observing a procedure. b. 4.5 seconds reload time. c. 4.5 seconds for not reloading when requested. Hence 10 sec in total that will be added to the recorded time to complete the CoF.
Other Penalties that lead to disqualification from the Match. 4.34 In APDS the shooter must engage targets as they appear giving attention to non hit targets and engaging targets from behind cover of barricades. Open targets are normally separated by a fault line, the shooter must never go beyond a fault line to shoot targets. Skipping fault line inquires a procedural penalty of
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1sec for each target shot Procedural Penalty. However whist moving and shooting APDS enforces two universal gun rules of safe handling: Never point a gun towards anything you do not intend to shoot. Keep finger off trigger until your sights are on target. 4.35 It is required in APDS that you engage targets while advancing or retreating. This means that while moving you need to shoot. Here in such a scenario one can keep his finger on the trigger whilst moving only if he has the target acquired in his sight and is finding the correct moment to shoot it. If the gun is not pointed to the target with the shooter in aim and his trigger finger is on the trigger then the shooter is disqualified from the match. 4.36 During loading or unloading the pistol or clearing a malfunction the finger must run on the trigger guard. If the finger is placed on the trigger during this procedure the shooter is disqualified from the match. 4.37 If during a CoF the shooter encounters a malfunction he must deal with this in a safe manner thus pointing the pistol toward others including yourself will immediately disqualify the shooter. Any action done must be facing down range. Malfunctions on start or during the CoF will not stop the CoF timing. 4.38 The course design must not force the shooter to turn toward the crowd to complete the CoF. This has to be checked by Range Officers prior to the match. If for any reason the shooter points the pistol toward the crowd he will be disqualified. 4.39 Accidental discharge during loading or unloading leads to disqualification unless it is a malfunction of the pistol. Malfunction must be verified by Match Officer, APDS Rep and Range Officer. Experts may be called by Match Officer for a better decision. 4.40 If during the CoF the shooter drops his pistol he must stop and do not collect it. The Range officer will collect the pistol clear it from pellets inspect it, put it safe and hand it over to the shooter. The shooter will be disqualified only from this CoF and not the match. A shooter picking up a dropped pistol is disqualified from the complete match. 4.41 In some occasions during a CoF it might be requested to reload. During this action a shooter might choose not to holster his pistol after clearing it but place it on a surface until he prepares a fresh magazine. This is not considered a pistol drop. 4.42 If a shooter carries more then one pistol at a time he is automatically disqualified from the match.
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4.43 If the shooter refuses to follow Range officer instructions he is disqualified automatically. 4.44 If the shooter behaves in an unsportsmanship like behavior he is disqualified and sent home. 4.45 If the shooter is under the influence of alcohol or drugs he is disqualified and asked out of the range. Malfunctions. 4.46 In real word scenarios malfunctions occur hence that are part of APDS unless the occurrence is not noted just before the start signal. 4.47 The shooter can decide to: a. As for self disqualification. b. Attempt to remedy the malfunction. 4.48 If the shooter asks for self disqualification he will be only disqualified from this match. The Range Officer will stop the time on notification. Only in this case after the Range Officer clears the shooter and pistol, the targets done until malfunctions are checked for score and the score sheet completed. The shooter will gain hit fact till time of malfunction. All other disqualification means no points are accounted for. This is the only exception to the rule. 4.49 The shooter has the option to remedy the situation. He is limited to do so within 60 seconds. If he cannot remedy within 60 second then he is disqualified by the Range Officer which stops the timer. The shooter and pistol are cleared then counting is done for this exception. 4.50 In NO occasion must a pistol get back in the Shooter Area loaded due to malfunction. Gas must be released, CO2 cartridge removed and magazines removed.
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Range Officer 4.51 The Range officer issues the starting commands according to the CoF manifesto. This may include: LOAD & MAKE READY (depends on pistol ready conditions in the manifesto). The following commands are always standard. ARE YOUR READY STAND BY GO ( or Beep ) At the end of the CoF UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR YOU ARE CLEAR HOLSTER. RANGE & SHOOTER CLEAR 4.52 The Range Officer will not warn the shooter of any procedural penalties but marks the score sheet on each occurrence. He will warn and give penalty only on Pistol ready conditions. 4.53 The Range Officer will ONLY give a command to the shooter if his procedural penalty is considered a case of Disqualification. In such a case the Range Officer will issue command: DQ Followed by: UNLOAD AND SHOW CLEAR YOU ARE CLEAR HOLSTER. RANGE & SHOOTER CLEAR SHOOTER LEAVE COF. 5. Participation in APDS – Qualifiers. 5.1 Participating in APDS matches requires that one passes a Qualifier. 5.2 The APDS Qualifier is preceded by an introduction to APDS.
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5.3 The persons may practice the APDS qualifiers at their own pace to get the correct skill and the required score. This also helps the participant to get accustomed to his/her equipment and learn all the required safety skills. 5.4 It is also important that the persons seeking participation in APDS understand this rule book to lean the basics of this sport. 5.5 When the person feels confident that he can perform the APDS qualifier successfully then he shall perform it under the observation of APDS officer for final certification. 5.6 Only qualified shooters will be allowed to participate in APDS championship matches. 5.7 In the next page you will find the qualification stages are requirements.
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APDS – COURSE QUALIFIER NOTE: Start position for all strings EXCEPT Stage One / String 5 is hands naturally at the sides. The wall is 24 inches wide by 6 feet tall and box is 24 inches wide. Classic Diamond Targets. STAGE 1 4 meters - 100% shots (12) in this stage must land in the target scoring area otherwise repeat. String Position Instruction Shots 1 1 From Box load magazine, draw and fire two (2) shots to T1. 2 2 1 From Box draw and fire two (2) shots to T2. 2 3 1 From Box draw and fire two (2) shots to T3. 2 4 1 From Box load magazine draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1- 6 T3 **Hits must be patched before string 5 5 1 From Box start draw the gun and with the WEEK fire one (1) 3 shot at each T1-T3. WEEK HAND ONLY. 6 1 From Box load magazine. Start back to targets, turn-draw and 6 fire one (1) shot at each, T1-T3, reload new magazine and fire one (1) shot each T1-T3. 7 1 From Box load magazine draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1- 6 T3 STRONG HAND ONLY. STAGE 2 8 meters – 80% of the shots (24) in this stage must land in the target scoring area otherwise repeat. String Position Instruction Shots 1 2 From Box load magazine draw and advance towards targets fire 6 two (2) shots at each T1-T3 while moving forward ( all shots must be fired while moving) there is a forward fault line at the 4 meters for this string 2 3 From the fault line load magazine draw and retreat from targets, 6 fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 while retreating. (All shots must be fired while moving) till you reach the box. 3 2 From Box load magazine. Start back to the targets, turn draw 12 and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3, reload and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3. 4 2 From Box load magazine draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1- 6 T3 “STRONG HAND ONLY”. STAGE 3 Position 4 – 10 meters Position 5 – 12 meters Wall and oil drum required. 50% of the shots (15) in this stage must land in the target scoring area otherwise repeat. String Position Instruction Shots 1 4 Load - Draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from either 12 side of the barricade, reload and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from the other side of the barricade. 2 4/5 Load - Draw and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from either 12 side of the barricade, reload and advance to position #5, fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from around either side of the oil barrel. 3 5 Load - Draw, kneel and fire two (2) shots at each T1-T3 from 6 around either side of the oil barrel.
CO2 pistols start in DA hammer down safe – SA start no pellet or BB in chamber. If more then three repeats are required, the qualifier must be re-started preferably on another day. All persons passing this qualifier can take part in Air Pistol Dynamic Shooting events.
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6. APDS - RCO Qualification 6.1 In APDS the role of the RCO is very important. He must guide and judge the competitor through the CoF. Unlike other shooting disciplines the RCO in APDS must judge by sight the actions of the competitor hence a basic knowledge of APDS rules is required to help him judge a competitor conducting a CoF. 6.2 All APDS RCO’s must pass the APDS qualifier program. 6.3 The APDS – RCO Qualification is based on levels. There are the following levels. a. APDS RCO – Level 1 b. APDS RCO – Level 2 c. APRDS RCO – Level 3 6.4 A level 1 - APDS RCO will be qualified on the basic safety and competition rules and will be able to conduct CoF follow through with the competitors. 6.5 A level 2 – APDS RCO will be qualified on all the Rules to conduct basic safety and competition rules and match rules. Level 2 RCO will lead all other Level 1 RCO’s during a match. 6.6 A level 3 – APRDS RCO will be qualified on all the Rules appertaining to APDS and ARDS ( Air soft Rifle Dynamic Shooting ) or a combination of Pistol and Rifle dynamic shooting called “2-Gun Dynamic Shooting”. 6.7 For one to qualify as an APDS RCO he must study the color coded chapters shown in the APDS index and sit for a multiple choice exam that is specifically covering that level. The contents of Yellow chapters are required for Level 1 RCO qualification. The contents of the Green chapters plus the Yellow chapters are required for level 2 RCO qualification. For level 3 qualification one must study the regulations of the ARDS which are on a separate Rule Book. To qualify for any level one must score 100% before proceeding to a higher level of qualification. 6.8 Once can attempt to take examination in step or at a higher level any time. 7. Match Procedures. Match Management. 7.1 The direction of all the persons qualified for running an APDS match is the Match Officer. He is required to co-ordinate Range Officers, APDS rep and other match crew members.
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7.2 The APPS rep is the person responsible for setting up for the APDS match together with the match crew and to ensure that all related equipment, targets, props are in perfect order during the match. 7.3 The match layout must be inspected and certified by the APDS Level 2 RCO prior to the match. In case of non conformity with safety or APDS rules he will instruct necessary modifications. 7.4 The Match RCO’s will issue commands and follow through competitors during the match and record their CoF process details on the shooters score card which include: a. Pistol Type Leveling details. b. Procedural Penalties. c. Scoring Penalties. d. Final recorded time. e. Disqualification Notes. After the shot the RCO together with the competitor will walk the stage to record hits on each target and scores. The Range officer will not announce verbally any procedural penalties during the CoF unless there is a disqualification due to the action DQ. 7.5 The Match Officer will pass the sheet to the counting officers to finalize the score once signed by the RO and the competitor. 7.6 Should a competitor contest the decision taken by the Range Officer during his score sheet filling he may present a protest to the APDS RO Level 2. 7.7 The APDS RO level 2 decision is final. Registration and squadding 7.8 All participants must be APDS qualified to register for a match. 7.9 All qualified APDS participants must register within the stipulated time set by MAAC for the match. 7.10 Any late comers can be denied participation to the match. 7.11All registered participants will be given a squad number (their group number). 7.12 Each RCO will be assigned with a squad number and the list of members in his squad is given to him by the registrar. 7.13 Registered participants can until 15 minutes from briefing practice at the zeroing lane. However no one is allowed to practice on the match CoF. 7.14 The safety briefing is given by the RCO to his squad.
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7.15 The RCO will walk through with the squad the CoF according to the CoF manifesto. 7.16 Anyone person registered not present for the safety briefing will be Disqualified from the Match. 7.17 After the walk through the RCO will allow some time for any questions. 7.18 Then all the competitors must return to the “Shooters Area”. 7.19 NO FURTHER SHOOTING OR ZEROING ALLOWED AFTER THE SAFEY BERIEFING. 7.20 The Range Officer will call the 1st person on his squad list to the CoF. 7.21 The Range Officer will read the Shooter Starting Conditions and the Pistol Ready conditions. 7.22 The Range Officer will commence with the CoF. 7.23 When the CoF is over and there is no DQ the Range Officer will declare range clear and walk the CoF with the shooter to fill up the remaining items on the score sheet. 7.24 Once the sheet is signed by competitor the competitor is sent by the RO to the “Shooters Area” and wait until all the squad members are ready from this CoF. Patching up and replacing targets. 7.25 A member or members of the set up crew will then patch or replace the targets. 7.26 Target will be replaced for every 5 competitors. Meaning if 6 competitors are in the squad the 6th competitor will also shoot on a patched target. There must be 10 competitors to replace the target after the 5th shooter. 7.27 The crew must ensure all holes on all paper targets are patched and any metal poppers are reset. If the targets need to be replace they must match the manifesto and in the same position and height. If there is a change and such change is not made clear to the RCO and the next shooter then the CoF is null and must be re shot. Score and Score Sheets. 7.28 The score sheets are filled up by the Range Officer but will be counted by the statistic officers.
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7.29 The score for the CoF for each shooter will be displayed on a notice board. 7.30 It is the responsibility of the shooters to verify the score. 7.31 Any scoring mistakes must be cleared until 10 minutes from the issue of the last score sheet on the notice board. 7.31 Later protest will not be recognized. 7.32 After 10 minutes from the issue of the last score sheet the statistics officers will issue the classification. 7.33 The first 3 ranking places will receive the prices. Ties. 7.34 In MAAC APDS the match is composed of 2 x CoF as described in 4.6. The over all result is determined by the total Hit Factor obtained from CoF 1 and CoF 2. 7.35 Should there be more then one shooters with the same Hit Factor this means that we have a Tie. The 1st Tie breaker will be to list the competitors by the final scoring target points (Final scoring points = Value of Scoring Targets – No Shot target value – scoring penalties). 7.36 The Ties is resolved by a shoot off on steel plate. The design of the steel plate is decided by the APDS rep on site. There will be only one string. The fastest will win. 7.37 Steel Plate shooting will continue until all ties are resolved.
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8. CoF Manifesto and Match example. 8.1 CoF Manifesto. MAAC APDS – Match Jan 2008 – CoF 1 CoF Type Short Shooter Start In Box A. Back to targets. Both position and Hands on head. stance Max Shots to carry. OPEN Pistol ready Loaded – Safe On – Hammer condition down – Holster. CoF Layout
Course of Action Procedure. 1. Shooter Starts on GO signal from Box A 2. Draws and proceed to Drum while engaging T1 – T2 – T3 3. From either side of the Drum engage T4 – T5 – T6 4. Retreat from Drum and engage T7 – T8 until in Box A to stop time. Additional Information. 1. Shooting for Drum sides in crouched position. 2. Start and End procedures governed by RO
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8.2 EMPTY APDS Score Sheet for COF CoF Type Max Shots on Targets Max Shots Carried Pistol Leveling
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (SHORT Version) Short Name & Surname 16 Pistol Type Open Squad Number Memb No. RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason RPP (2.5s)
Time to complete CoF Procedural Penalties
Notes
Non effected Mandatory reloads Target No
Notes
Scoring Targets Hits Value
Penalties
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 Totals 1. 2.
No Shoot Targets Hits Value
Target No NST 1 NST 2 NST 3 NST 4
Penalties
Totals
Best value out of 2 hits. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty.
3.
NST highest value X 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only) Add Total Hits ST and NST Add Total Point CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and CoF Medium 24 NST CoF Long 32 Max CoF shots exceeded -5 Calculate Final Penalty Points Value Points Scoring Targets
Total Penalties
Total Final Points
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only) Total RHP and RPP Add total RHP-RPP to Time to complete CoF Time Penalties. Count Procedural Penalties 1sec each Total Time Penalties
A
V
Time to complete CoF Total time with RHP RPP Count Non effected mandatory reloads 10sec each
A
V
Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
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8.3 Below is the sequence of events during the CoF performed by this shooter. These are actions being observed by the RO following our shooter. The hits are checked after the CoF is performed and range is clear. Note all these details are reflected in 8.4 the score sheet which is partially filled by the RO. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Shooter John Borg has an 8 shot drum C02 Pistol hence no RHP or RPP penalties. Shooter John Borg had 3 X 8 shot magazines and was not checked since CoF was not shot restricted. Shooter John Borg started with correct Pistol Ready condition and Shooter Start and stance. He engaged T1 on the move with 2 shots highest value 2 He engaged T2 on the move with 3 shots highest value 4 He engaged T3 on the move with 1 shot highest value 4 No Finger on trigger while pistol was not pointed to T1-T2-T3 He hit NST1 with 1 shot highest value 2 He hit NST 3 with 1 shot highest value 2 He arrived at drum . He engaged T4 with 2 shots highest value 4 from above drum Procedural Penalty. He engaged T5 with 2 shots highest value 4 form side of drum He engaged T6 with 2 shots highest value 4 from side of drum He engaged T7 on the move with 2 shots and missed He engaged T8 on the move with 1 shot highest value 2 No Finger on trigger while pistol was not pointed to T7-T8 He returned to Box A His total CoF time was 12.57sec
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8.4 APDS Score Sheet for COF Filled by RCO CoF Type Max Shots on Targets Max Shots Carried Pistol Leveling Time to complete CoF 1 Procedural Penalties n/a
Non effected Mandatory reloads Target No T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 Totals 4. 5.
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (SHORT Version) Short Name & Surname 16 Pistol Type Open Squad Number Memb No. n/a RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason n/a RPP (2.5s) 12.57 12.57 sec 1st shot from above drum Notes
2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1
CP 88 2 010
n/a
Notes
Scoring Targets Hits Value
John Borg
Penalties
5 4 4 4 4 4
No Shoot Targets Target Hits Value Penalties No 1 2 NST 1 NST 2 1 2 NST 3 NST 4 Notes : T7 hit 2X but all in out boarder no score
2 Totals
Best value out of 2 hits. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty.
6.
NST highest value X 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only) Add Total Hits ST and NST Add Total Point CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and CoF Medium 24 NST CoF Long 32 Max CoF Calculate Final Penalty Points shots exceeded -5 Value Points Total Penalties Scoring Targets
Total Final Points
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only) Total RHP and RPP Add total RHP-RPP to Time to complete CoF Time Penalties. Count Procedural Penalties 1sec each Total Time Penalties
A
V
Time to complete CoF Total time with RHP RPP Count Non effected mandatory reloads 10sec each
A
V
Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
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8.5 APDS Score Sheet for COF Filled by Statistics Officer. CoF Type Max Shots on Targets Max Shots Carried Pistol Leveling Time to complete CoF 1 Procedural Penalties Non effected Mandatory reloads Target No T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 Totals 7. 8.
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (SHORT Version) Short Name & Surname 16 Pistol Type Open Squad Number Memb No. n/a RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason n/a RPP (2.5s) 12.57 12.57 sec 1st shot from above above drum Notes
n/a
2 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 15
5 2 4 4 4 4 0 2 25
CP 88 2 010
n/a
Notes
Scoring Targets Hits Value
John Borg
-2
No Shoot Targets Target Hits Value Penalties No 1 2 NST 1 NST 2 1 2 NST 3 NST 4 Notes : T7 hit 2X 2X but all in out boarder no score
-2
Totals
Penalties
Best value out of 2 hits. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty.
2 9.
4
-8
NST highest value X 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only) Add Total Hits ST and NST Add Total Point 15+2=17 CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and CoF Medium 24 NST -1 CoF Long 32 Max CoF -5 Calculate Final Penalty Points shots exceeded -5 Value Points 25 Total Penalties -16 Scoring Targets
-2 (+) -8 = -10
-5 (+) -1 (+) -10 = -16
Total Final Points
9
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only) Total RHP and RPP
n/a
Add total RHP-RPP to Time 0 to complete CoF Time Penalties. Count Procedural A Penalties 1sec 1 each Total Time Penalties
1
V 1
Time to complete CoF Total time with RHP RPP Count Non effected mandatory reloads 10sec each
Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
12.57 12.57 A 0
V 0
12.57 + 1 = 13.57
9/13.57 = 0.66
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9. Summary Score Penalties – Time Penalties and DQ’s. 9.1 Time Penalty Summary. Time Penalties Summary Reload Handicap Penalty 4.5sec for each Theoretical reload. RHP Reload Possible Penalty 2.5sec for each Possible reload after RPP Theoretical reloads. Notes on RHP and RPP : 8 shot and 10 shot drum Theoretical reloads Short CoF : 1x Medium CoF : 2x Long CoF : 3x Divide magazine capacity by 10 to determine RHP and RPP. RHP and RPP must be added to the recorded time to complete CoF. No RHP or RPP is user load 10 shots max per magazine. Procedural Penalties 1 sec for each infringement List of Procedural Penalties False Start Not meeting Pistol ready conditions Not meeting Shooters ready conditions Foot Faults Shooting beyond fault lines. Not following any CoF manifesto requirements Notes on Procedural Penalties: The RCO will not inform the shooter about Procedural Penalties during the CoF. He will only do so if there is a possible safety concern. Normally in the Pistol Ready Condition. Procedural Penalty – Mandatory 10 sec penalty for each mandatory Reloads. reload not performed. Note: If the CoF manifesto specifies a mandatory reload at any point of the CoF this has to be observed. ALL Time Penalties will be add to the Recorded Time to complete the CoF
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9.2 Score Penalty Summary. Score Penalties Summary Scoring Targets Value Paper Targets A = 5 points C = 4 points D = 2 points Notes on scoring : Outward scoring method. Cover targets do not score on BLACK area. If bullet is between BLACK and WHITE area it will score a hit. Max hits per scoring target 2 Best Value out of 2 shots taken as hit value for the target Steel plate or popper scores A = 5 points No Shoot Targets Value (Penalty) Paper Targets A = 5 points
C = 4 points
D = 2 points
If a No Shoot Target is hit the highest score is taken. The value is doubled (x2) This value must be deducted from the Scoring Targets Value. Penalties on Scoring Targets Paper The Highest Value – 2 points. This if more then two bullet hits on value must be deducted from the target. Scoring Target Value. Exceeding CoF Maximum Hits - 5 points. This value must be deducted required to complete CoF from the Scoring Target Value.
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9.3 Actions leading to Disqualification from entire Match or CoF. Match DQ (Disqualifications) Actions. Exposing pistols in the Spectators Area – Match DQ Loading of a full or empty magazine inside the pistol in the Shooters Area, Zeroing lane or CoF without the RO permission. – Match DQ Not observing gun handling rules during Zeroing – Match DQ Irresponsible or non sportsmanship conduct – Match DQ Moving with finger on trigger whilst pistol is not pointed to target – Match DQ Finger on trigger during load and unload procedure – Match DQ Finger on trigger during clear of malfunction – Match DQ Pointing the pistol toward the spectator are or yourself – Match DQ Accidental discharge unless caused by malfunction – CoF DQ on Mal – Match DQ Dropping pistol during CoF and not picking it up – CoF DQ Dropping pistol during CoF and picking it up. – Match DQ Cary more the one pistol at a time – Match DQ Refusing Range Officer Orders – Match or CoF DQ Shooter under influence of alcohol or drugs – Match DQ Malfunction Self Disqualification (DQ from this CoF only – Points till self DQ valid) Malfunction Disqualification after 60sec (DQ from this CoF only – Points till DQ valid) Pistol Sweep during draw – CoF DQ 10. APPENDIX 10.1 Score Sheet CoF Short 10.2 Score Sheet CoF Medium 10.3 Score Sheet CoF Long 10.4 CoF Manifesto Sheet 10.5 APDS TARGET TYPES 10.6 ADPS POPPER 10.7 ADPS STOP PLATE 10.9 ADPS Fault Line 10.10 ADPS Shooting / Start Box
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CoF Type Max Shots on Targets Max Shots Carried Pistol Leveling
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (Short Version) Short Name & Surname 16 Pistol Type Open Squad Number Memb No. RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason RPP (2.5s)
Time to complete CoF Procedural Penalties
Notes
Non effected Mandatory reloads Target No
Notes
Scoring Targets Hits Value
Penalties
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 Totals
Target No NST 1 NST 2 NST 3 NST 4
No Shoot Targets Hits Value
Penalties
Totals
10. Best value out of 2 hits. 11. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty.
12. NST highest value X 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only) Add Total Hits ST and NST Add Total Point CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and CoF Medium 24 NST CoF Long 32 Max CoF shots exceeded -5 Calculate Final Penalty Points Value Points Scoring Targets
Total Penalties
Total Final Points
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only) Total RHP and RPP Add total RHP-RPP to Time to complete CoF Time Penalties. Count Procedural Penalties 1sec each Total Time Penalties
A
V
Time to complete CoF Total time with RHP RPP Count Non effected mandatory reloads 10sec each
A
V
Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
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CoF Type Max Shots on Targets Max Shots Carried Pistol Leveling
MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (MEDIUM Version) Short Name & Surname 16 Pistol Type Open Squad Number Memb No. RHP (4.5s) DQ Reason RPP (2.5s)
Time to complete CoF Procedural Penalties
Notes
Non effected Mandatory reloads
Notes
Target No
Scoring Targets Hits Value
Penaltie s
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T12 Totals
Target No NST 1 NST 2 NST 3 NST 4 NST 5 NST 6
No Shoot Targets Hits Value
Penaltie s
Totals
13. Best value out of 2 hits. 14. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty.
15. NST highest value X 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only) Add Total Hits ST and NST Add Total Point CoF Short 16 Penalties ST and CoF Medium 24 NST CoF Long 32 Max CoF shots exceeded -5 Calculate Final Penalty Points Value Points Scoring Targets
Total Penalties
Total Final Points
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only) Total RHP and RPP Add total RHP-RPP to Time to complete CoF Time Penalties. Count Procedural Penalties 1sec each Total Time Penalties
A
V
Time to complete CoF Total time with RHP RPP Count Non effected mandatory reloads 10sec each
A
V
Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
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MAAC – APDS CoF 1 (LONG Version) CoF Type
Short
Max Shots on Targets Max Shots Carried
16 Open
Pistol Leveling Time to complete CoF Procedural Penalties Non effected Mandatory reloads
RHP (4.5s) RPP (2.5s) Notes Notes
Scoring Targets Target No Hits Value Penalties T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 Totals 16. Best value out of 2 hits. 17. More then 2 hits take highest value and – 2 penalty. Add Total Hits ST and NST CoF Short 16 CoF Medium 24 CoF Long 32 Max CoF shots exceeded -5 Value Points Scoring Targets
Name & Surname Pistol Type Squad Number Memb No. DQ Reason
Target No NST 1 NST 2 NST 3 NST 4 NST 5 NST 6 NST7 NST8 NST9
No Shoot Targets Hits Value
Penalties
Totals 18. NST highest value X 2 penalty.
Points Calculation ( Statistic Officer use only) Add Total Point Penalties ST and NST
Calculate Final Penalty Points Total Penalties
Total Final Points
Time Calculation (Statistic Officer use only) Total RHP and RPP Add total RHP-RPP to Time to complete CoF Time Penalties. Count Procedural Penalties 1sec each
Total Time Penalties
Time to complete CoF
A
V
Total time with RHP RPP Count Non effected mandatory reloads 10sec each
A
V
Total Final Time
Hit Factor = Total Final Points / Total Final Time
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MAAC APDS – Match Jan 2008 – CoF 1 Shooter Start position and stance Max Shots to carry. Pistol ready condition CoF Layout. CoF Type
Course of Action Procedure.
Additional Information.
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35
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20 CM METAL DISK STOP PLATE
APDS FAULT LINE = RED WHITE MARKER TAPE APDS FAULT LINE = 3 METER 1 ½ INCH WOODEN BEAMS PAINTED IN FLORESANT COLOUR. APDS BOX = 1M X 1M PAINTED YELLOW AND BLACK
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Supplement Pistol types. One has to consider that the pistols used in APDS are not fire arms. Although the outer shell can be 100% identical to the reproduced fire arm still this does not guarantee full control functionality as the real fire arm. The most evident feature is magazine loading in CO2 Air Pellet Pistols. The majority of CO2 pellet pistols make use of drum magazines which are loaded by opening the top slide. Only some CO2 pellet pistols make use of the stack magazine which also incorporates the CO2 cartridge making them resemble real fire arms. The most realistic replicas of fire arms that can be used in APDS are air soft gas blow back guns. These normally have 100% functionality of real fire arms both in controls and the BB loading. The difference is that the magazine incorporates both BB’s and the propellant gas. These factors are not of primary concern in APDS. The issue remains on the trigger type which can effect the pistol ready conditions. Most of the pistols are Double Action. This means that from rest with hammer down when the trigger is pulled the trigger is cocked then on a later trigger pull stage the hammer is released followed by a shot. For the second shot the trigger and hammer need to go again through the cycle. Some CO2 pistols incorporate a blow back system. This feature turns a DA into a Double Action/Single Action pistols. The reason is that after the first DA shot is taken a portion of gas kicks the slide back to re cock the hammer. This makes the trigger lighter to release the second and subsequent shots. There are pistols in Single Action which means that they cannot operate the trigger from rest to cock the hammer. The hammer has to be manually cocked for every shot normally spring or pneumatic pistols. This type of pistol is not allowed in APDS as the scope for the event will be lost. However there exist a hybrid between SA and DA this in fire arm terminology is called Striker Firing Pin Action. This is typical of hammerless pistols such as Glocks. Glock calls it "Safe Action," in terms of the shooter interface, as a single-action, even though its concealed striker is cocked by the short trigger stroke. (The BATF classifies the Glock design as "double action only.") It does not offer second-strike capability unless the slide moves to reset the concealed striker pin. In reality this design is neither SA nor DA, but something new. The trigger of although lighter then DA is not as light as the SA design since each pull needs to activate the strike fire pin mechanism. The slide movement only resets the striker but do not cock the “hammer”. How does all this affect APDS? In APDS we have what we call the pistol ready condition. The following are the primary conditions possible. a. Pistol Unloaded, hammer down and safe. b. Pistol Loaded, hammer down and safe.
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These apply to DA and DA/SA pistols and can be effected 100%. In condition A the shooter must load a magazine after the start signal and start shooting. The shooter may start to shoot DA or SA if he opts to cock manually the hammer for the first shot. The remaining shots are carried out according to the pistol type used. In condition B the shooter loads a magazine, puts safe and hammer down before the start signal. On the signal the shooter must draw from holster, remove the safe and engage the first shot in DA. The remaining shots are carried out according to the pistol type used. For pistols hammerless or hammered which operate with the Striker Firing Pin concept there has to be a clarification. In condition A the shooter with a DA or DA/SA pistol is empty without magazine. This condition will apply to those with SFP types. So the pistol must be without magazine. On the start load magazine, the shooter must rack the slide after the draw remove safe (if available as most SFP are trigger safe) and fire. The remaining shots are carried out according to the pistol type used. In condition B the shooters with a DA or DA/SA pistol start loaded but hammer down and safe. They have the capability to shoot DA from rest. The SFP shooters cannot perform their first shot unless the slide is racked first. This is equivalent in fire arm terms as if the DA or DA/SA pistol has a round in the chamber already whiles the SFP has no rounds in chamber but in magazine. Thus in condition B the shooter using SFP must load the gun, rack the slide put on safe and holster. This will get it in condition pellet in chamber as a DA or DA/SA pistol. Note the above are only the primary condition of a pistol. Remember that conditions can be either one of the primary then a secondary condition is imposed such as. a. Holstered. b. Un holstered.
MAAC PO BOX 38 NAXXAR MALTA
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