ukdeE´ ropöm tcspfMur®m rZösdrXmeqkdwm tvGefjrifhjrwfNyD; bk&m;yGifh&m ae&mvnf;jzpfygonf?pma&;olonf tdE´d, EkdifiHwGif ynmoifaeol wyg;jzpfonf??bk&m;yGifh&mXmerSm rw&m;vkyfMuonfh tusifh p&kdufrsm;ukd jrifawGU&onfh tcgrSm pdwfraumif;jzpf&ygonf?vlwkdif;rSm orkdif;&SdMurnf r[kwfvm; rdrdvkyf cJhonfh aumif;rI raumif;rIonf rdrdaemufokdUvSJbD;uJhokdU t&dyfyrmvkdufrnf[k "r®uxdursm; olwkdUukd,fwkdif rusifhMubJ olrsm;ukdawmh a[mae MuonfrSmvnf; jrifawGUEkdifygw,f?? jrefrmEkdifiHonf tvGefoemp&maumif;onf?u,fwif&Sif[efaqmifum wkdif;jynfukdzsufqD; aewm rnfolawGvnf;vkdU Munfhvkdufvsif ppftmPm&Sifrsm;ESifh omoemjyKcsif[efaqmifum vdefv,fvSJUzsm;aeonfh wcsKdU"r®uxdutwkrsm;ukd awGU&rnfomjzpfonf?twGif;usus avhvm Munfhvsif wkdif;jynf&Sd vlxkukdvnf;vdef omoemukdvnf; vdefxm;onfrkdU ESpfzufvdef wcsKdUukd,fawmfawGukd rSefuefpGm jrifzkdUtcsdefwefygNyD?? rZösdr*kPf&nf okdUr[kwf tBuHtzef*kPf&nfpGrf;tm;&Sif qkdNyD; vltxifBuD;atmif tifwmeufay:rSm aMumfNimaeonfh tDpDuDvDtaMumif;waphapmif;wifjycsifygw,f?'Dyk*¾Kdvfu pma&;olwkdUomoemh wuúokdvf urÇmat;rSm aeawmhvnf; pmawmfonfh oDwif;awmhrMum;&bl;?tJAs rdef;rtBudKuf odrIESifh tDpDuDvDajymum zGefaMumifwmuawmh urÇmat;aps;xJu bJOMuufoGef qefa&mif;wJh tysKd BuD;ygrusef waps;vkH; tukefygbJ?oif;oif;aqGpwkd;ESifh at;pwkd;u aumifrav;awGtqkH; rdef;r tykd;uawmhemrnfBuD;aygh?OD;tmpdPÖ(umvuwåm;)OD;ukrk'(zavm&D'g)OD;Z0e(um&kdvkdif;e) OD;oDvm pm&(LA) OD;auvmo(t&D;qkde) OD;ynmaZmw (zavm&D'g)OD;paE´mbmo(e,l;a,muf) OD;u0dE´ (qef[kdaq;)OD;aCmou(UK)OD;okyD,(pifumyl)OD;Z0e?OD;oDvmpm&? OD;em&'(rav;&Sm;) OD;Zedw (oD&dvuFm)ponfEkdifiH toD;oD;wGif a&mufaeonfh tdE´d,ausmif;aezufrsm;ESifh tar&du a&mufaeonfh omoemhwuúokdvfu q&mawmfrsm;ukdar;Ekdifygw,f?? 2000ckESpf avmufrSm tdE´d,ukd ausmif;wufzkdUa&mufvmygw,f? Am&mPoDNrdKU aq;0uFbm ausmif; a'gufwm*rÇD&Ak'¨dausmif;rSmaeygw,f?wjydifwnf;rSmyJ r*"wuúokdvfrSm trfatwef; wufzkdU&m OD;aomygu (&efukefausmif;xkdifaeonfhyk*¾Kdvf)tultnDjzifh ausmif;0ifcGifh tp ay;urf; rIjzifh atmifcJh&onfh tajctaersm;ESifh Am&mPoD ouúwwuúokdvf ygVdXmewGifvnf; a'gufwmwef;0ifcGifh&&ef omoemhwuúokdvfu wuúoDv"r®mp&d,(bDat)ukd wuúoDv r[m"r®p&d,(trfat)atmifcJhovkdrsKd; tBuHtzef atmifvufrSwftwkjzifh ausmif;0ifcJh&onf?? olUtaejzifh bmompum; rwwfwmaMumifhvnf; OD;u0dE´ (a&Gawmifukef;&dyfom qef[kdaq; tar&du)u tm;vkH;vkyfay;cJhonf? trfatwef;ESifh a'gufwmwef;ukd wcsdefwnf;rSm rormaom enf;jzifh ausmif;0ifcGifhukd olrsm;tultnDjzifhvkyfcJhonf?tifwmeuf0wfpfqkdufay:rSm 19971999(trfat) ynmoifESpfvkdUa&;xm;ygw,f? trSefuawmh tdE´d,ukd 2000ckESpfrS a&mufvm wmyg?aemufwcku 2002ckESpfrSm a'gufwmbGJU&aMumif;ukdvnf; a&;xm;ygw,f? þa&;om; rIrsm;ukdqef;ppfyg ynma&;avmurSm wu,fvkyfcJhaomolwkdif; vdefvnfrlomjzpfaMumif; odEkdifygw,f?tdE´d,ukd vlra&mufcifuxJu bGJU&aejcif;rsm;ESifh a'gufwmbGJUqkdwm okH;ESpfrS ig;ESpftxd pmwrf;wckukd taocsma&;om; &wmjzpfygw,f??vdefvnfcJhaom a'gufwmbGJUukd
tcsdefra&G; wuúokd,fu tjzpfrSefod&if jyefvnfodrf;,lEkdifovkd jrefrmbkef;BuD; vdefw,f qkdNyD;awmhvnf; tm;vkH;odu©musp&mjzpfvmrnfrkdU tjcm;oHCmrsm;u tjyKoabmaqmifum MunfhaecJhonf?? (3)ESpfwGif;rSmyif (trfat)ESifh Ph.D wNydKifwnf;NyD;oGm;ykHuawmhPh.D ukdawmh OD;Ome*¾ jrefrmvkda&;om;í armifpdefatmifu ouúwvkd bmomjyefNyD;onfhaemuf tBuHzef*kPf&nfu vufrSwfxkd;&kHoufoufygyJ?? tqkd;qkH;uawmh ajymxm;wJh uwdtwkdif; a&;om;cukd aiGray;vkdU uvdefuuspf aum0d'vkdU Ak'¨*g,m &ckdiftkyfpkukd,fawmfrsm;u owif;trSefukd azmfxkwfcJhygonf? twef;wuf pmzwfjcif;rsm; vkH;0rvkyfbJ Ak'¨*,m?ywåem;?Am&mPoD?umvuwåm; bk&m;zl;rsm;xJrS wkdif;rI;uawmf 0efBuD; uawmfrsm;ESifh olaX;rsm;vmrnfh aeU&ufrsm;wGif avqdyfukd BudKwif oGm;um trSefuawmh b,folukdrSrodbJ olut&ifuxJu &if;ESD;ovkdrsKd; r,fawmfvUkd ac:&rvm; rrvkdUajym&rvm; t&Sufr&SdwJh yg;pyfeJU bk&m;zl;vmwJh 'um'umrrsm;ukd xkd;ppf qifygawmhw,f? ausmif;pm zwf&rnfhtcsdef AkdvfcsKyfuawmfrsm; ESifhaygif;um aiGom&SmcJhonf?? a'gufwmbGJU,loGm;ykHu tvGefpdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;ygw,f r*"wuúokdvfu OD;Ome*¾ qkdwm&Sdw,f? oluwu,f t&nftcsif;&SdwJholyg aum0d'u bmrSrwwfawmh aiG&Smr,f aiGeJU ay;NyD; bGJU,lr,fvkdU qkH;jzwf xm;wmjzpfawmh OD;Ome*¾ukd tultnDawmif;w,f a'gufwmbGJU ,lzkdUpmwrf; ygVdvkd jrefrmbmomjzifh Ome*¾u a&;ay;&ygw,f? pmawmfwJh Ome*¾u pmyJawmfwm aiG&atmifawmh tMuHtzefrvkyfwwfbl;aygh? usrf;wckvkH;a&;c Ome*¾ukd tar&duefa':vm(300) ay;rnf[k uwdjyKxm;cJhw,f?aum0d'u aemufqkH;rSm usrf;vnf; NyD;atmif a&;ay;NyD;rS a':vm (200)yJay;vkdU OD;Ome*¾uraMuESyfaMumif; raumif;qkd;0g;oDwif;u oHa0Zed,(4)XmokdU jyefUESHU oGm;cJhonf?? jrefrmvkda&;NyD;vkdU jyóemu rNyD;ao;ygbl;? OD;Ome*¾ a&;xm;wJh jrefrmbmomukd ouúwbmomac:wJh a'0em*&D ajymif;a&;ay;wJholu &Sm&ao;w,f? q&mawmf OD;*rÇD&ausmif;rSm aewJh armifpdefatmifqkdwm&Sdygw,f? 'D'umuawmh jrefrm [dE´D pum;wwfxm;awmh aum0d'u pdefatmifukd tu©&majymif; a&;ay;zkdU aiGvnf; ay;r,f? tjcm;bkef;BuD;rsm;awmh rif;jyefrajym&bl;? rif;pm;zkdU&mvnf; vkyfay;xm;r,fqkdum r*"wuúokdvf ausmif;om; taqmifukd pdefatmifukd b,folESifhrS ay;rawGUbJ tus,fcsKyfoabmjzifh a&;ckdif;cJhonf? pdefatmifu a&;NyD; tcsdefwGif OD;Ome*¾ tvm;wl pdefatmifukdvnf; a&;c tjynfht0ray;bJ vkyfcJhonf[k Am&PoDjyefa&muf awmh [dE´LwuúokdvfteD; vefum&yfuGuf ausmif;om;taqmifwGif OD;r@v tyg0if Am&mPoD&Sd oHCmtm;vkH; od&Sdatmif pdefatmifu ajymjycJhonf?? OD;Ome*¾u ygVdvkda&;NyD; armifpdefatmifu tu©&majymif;a&;cJhonfh pmwrf;ukd aum0d'u vufrSwfxkd; bGJU,lcJhonfukd tdE´d,wuúokdvftoD;oD;wGif ynmoifcJhaom oHCmtm;vkH;u odMuygw,f?t&nftcsif;uawmh rdef;rykd;onfhae&mrSmawmh yg&*lajrmufygw,f? ygVd0gus?t*Fvdyf &kd;&kd;0gus?ouúw?bmompum; bmwckrS rwwfygbJ a'gufwmbGJUwwfjyD; &Sufwwfr,fqkd&if aovkdU&ygw,f? jrefrmjynfu vltawGu nhHzsif;wm rsm;awmh vdefvkdUaumif;wmaygh?vlvdefawGu BuD;yGm;atmif [efaqmifjcif;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh wkdif;jynfukdzsufaewmukd owdxm; umuG,fMu&ef vkdygw,f?? 2
tdE´d,rSm wu,ft&nftcsif;&SdwJh oHCmrsm;vnf;&Sdygw,f? twkawG&Sdovkd tppfawGvnf; &SdpNrJrkdU uGJjym;atmifawmh trSefwkdif;odatmif cGJjcm;jy&rSmuawmh omoemhtmZmenfawGvkd tyfygw,f?tdE´d,rSm ausmif;pm rvkyfbJ bk&m;zl;ygwDESifh aiG&Sm&if; tcsdefukefcJhonf?okdUaomf aiG&Sd&if tdE´d,rSm a'gufwmbGJU 0,f,lvkdU&aMumif;xif&Sm;cJhonf?? 2007ckESpf a&T0ga&mifawmfvSef;a&;wGif oHCmawmfrsm;u ppftpkd;&tm; oydwfarSmufuH jyKcJhMuonfukd tm;vkH;rSwfrdrnfxifygw,f? okdUaomfvnf; OD;aum0d'onf oydwfarSmufuHjyK vkdufonfh aemufwaeUrSmyif omoema&;0efBuD; AkdvfcsKyfol&jrifharmiftm; odef;aygif;rsm;pGm ay;cJhonfukd jrefrmhtvif;ESifh aMurkHowif;pmwGif xif&Sm;pGmawGUcJh&onf? e,l;a,muftyg0if tar&du&Sd trSefw&m;rdom;pkBuD;u omoemhawmfukdzsufaeonfh ppftpkd;&u oHCmrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;jynfolrsm;owfzkdU&m jyifpifcsdefrSmyif OD;aum0d'u ppftpkd;&ukd vufeuf0,f&ef jzpfoGm;cJhonfh vkyf&yfukd tar&duef&SdtvSL&Sifrsm;u vkH;0 vufrcHEkdifaMumif; jyoMuonf?? oHCmrsm;u oydwfarSmufcsdefwGif OD;aum0d'onf ppftpkd;&tm; aiGrsm; ay;tyfjcif;onf omoemwGif typftBuD;qkH;jzpfonfukd pmaywGif txif&Sm;&Sdygonf? 'um 'umrsm;u apwem oefUoefUjzifh vSL'gef;aom a':vmrsm;ukd ppftmPm&Siftm;ay;cJhrIaMumifh vufeufESifhppftmPm&Sif rsm;uvnf; oHCmrsm;ukd &ufpufpGm owfjzwfcJhonfrSmvnf; urÇmhrD'D,mrSm jrifawGUcJh&onf? 'DtaMumif;ukd 0denf;&ka'gifhrSm Munfhvsif &ifav;p&m yifjzpfonf?? omoemukdvnf; raxmufxm; 'um 'umrsm;ukdvnf; ajrmufyifh BuGm;0gNyD; enf;aygif;pkH ESifh tvSLcHum ppfAkdvfcsKyfawGESifh aygif;pm;um tjzpfrSefESifh pdwf"mwft&if;rSef rodMuaom jynfwGif;jynfy jrefrmvlnHhrsm;tm; wausmhjyefvdefw&m;u tqkd;qkH;a&m*gukpm;ygqkdwJh ppftpkd;& tm; raxmufcHovkd t&Sufr&SdwJhrsufESmESifh aiG&Smjyefw,f? trSefuawmh omoemukdvnf;vdef jynfolukdvnf; uvdefuuspfvkyfum ESpfzufvdefqkdwmawmh 'um 'umrsm;tm;vkH;u odzkdU aumif;ygNyD?? vifr,m;NzdKcGJa&;tp aum0d'u vkdUqkd&avmufatmifxd 'DudpöawGrSm emrnfBuD;ygw,f? urÇmat;rSmvJ vifr,m;uGJcJh&? Ak'¨*g,mbk&m;zl;vm&if;ESifh vifr,m;csif; vrf;cGJoGm;&onfh Zwfvrf;? omauwrSmvnf; ausmif;pwnfawmh &Srf;rtp Armrtv,f &ckdifrtqkH; rpnf;&kH;oifhwJh atmufvrf;enf;awGeJU xkd;ppfpifvkdufvkdU tdrfaxmifa&;awGysufum 'ku©a&muf cJh&onfh rdom;pkawGukd tdE´d,oHCmrsm;tp rdef;rawGu aum0d' taMumukd ykdodygw,f?tckvnf; e,l;a,mufrSm tacsmifpm;&ef vrf;p&Sm&if; xkd;ppftrsKd;rsKd;ESifh 0gwGif;rSm ausmif;rSm 0grqkdbJ 'umrwa,muftdrfukd 0gqkdvkdufvkdU tqkdyg 'umrvnf; a,musm;ESifh w&m;0ifuGm&Sif;cJh&? aum0d'u &efukefrSm tqkdygrdef;rtdrfukd odrf;,lvkdufonfhtcsdefupí a,musm;jzpfolu uav; awG&Jh tem*wfukdMunfhNyD; &efukeftdrfukd aum0d'tm; ray;oifhaMumif;ESifh ay;csiftkH;awmh olUukdBudKwifwkdifyifoifhw,fvkdUqkdum vifr,m; tcsif;csif; pum;rsm;wmpjyD; opömr&SdwJh rdef;rukd qufraygif;EkdifbJ tckvkduGJ&onfh tqifhxda&mufvmcJh&aMumif;ukd e,l;a,muf vlxku odMuonf??
3
e,l;a,mufujynfolUtoHawG em;axmifMunfh&if tqkdyg q&mru twdufb0rSm olu ropöm? olUvifom; emrnfu ukdeE´ jzpfygowJh? 'gaMumifhvnf; olUtaejzifh (bvkwfuvif)wGif eE´opömausmif;wkduf wnfaxmifum ukdeE´ ukdxm;cJhaMumif;vnf; Mum;od&onf?? ropömtaejzifh ukdeE´ukd b,fa&GUb,frS twdufb0u pGJrufcJh&NyD; umr*kPftjynfhESifh cspfcJh&onfukd rSef;Munfhvkduf&if twdwfb0u t&dyfawGu ,aeU ropömukd,fwkdif tonf;EkEkESifh &ifhzGifhoHawGonf e,l;a,muf wNrdKUvkH;Mum;ae&onf? tcspf&JUobm0ukd cspfcJh&olwkdif; odMu ayrnf?okdUaomf tcspfESifh 0dyóemonf vkH;0 qefUusifzufjzpfonfukd w&m;ukd wu,ftm; xkwfzl;olwkdif;odMuayrnf? wu,f w&m;tvkyfukd vkyfolonf tcspfukd r&SmbJ?tESpfukdom &SmMuwmyg?ropömtaejzifh 'Drkdua&pDtjynfh&Sdonfh tar&duefEkdifiHwGif aexkdifoljzpf wmaMumifh vGwfvyfpGm tdrfaxmifuGJykdifcGifh&Sdovkd vGwfvyfpGm ukd;uG,fcsif[efaqmifí twdufutcspfOD;ESifh tck e,l;a,mufrSm jyefawGUcsdefrSm ukdeE´ESifh xdrf;jrm;vufxyfykdifcGifhvnf;&Sdygw,f?? wdwfwckd;ESifh Budwfykd;b0ESifh cspfae&wm[m 'ku©tppfjzpfaomfvnf; ropömtzkdUawmh xyfcspf wkd;cspf arhypfEkdifrnfvJ r[kwfygbl;?ukdeE´taeeJUvnf; vm&mvrf;ukd pHjref; rBuGEkdifbJ ropöm cGifhauGs;rS pm;Ekdifrnf[k ukdeE´toHaav;ukd tNrJMum;csifaewJh ropömyg? ropöm taejzifh cspfol&nf;pm;tp vuf&Sda,musm;ESifh uav;&cJhwmawmifrS tckvkdrsKd; cGifhauGs; cJhwmr&Sdygbl;? ukdeE´ukdom yxrOD;qkH; cGifhauGs;wmygvkdU ajymqkdoHav;aMumifh aq;&kHrSm OD;aESmufaMumaygufvkdU vluukwifrSm yufvufvSefae&aomfvnf; ESvkH;om;aMumawGuawmh &Sifoefaeonfh ukdeE´ESifh ropöm tcspfZwfvrf;[m tjzpfrSefyg?? olwkdUESpfOD;&JU aeUpOfajymqkdwmuawmh armifawmf ESrawmf qkdwJh toHawG[m omoemESifhawmh zDvmygbJ? omoem&la'gifhrSm zDvmjzpfaomfvnf; tDpDuDvD &la'gifh rSmawmh yDjyifrI t&om wrsKd;jzpfaerSmyg?? ukdeE´ESifh ropöm tcspfy,fv,frS tNypfrjrifbJ Hawall, Beeth rSm ESpfa,mufxJ taysmfc&D;oGm;onhf tcsdefrSm ropöm taejzifh ukdeE´ukd b,fvkdjyKpkvkdufw,fqkdwm ukdeE´ &ifxJrSm t&rf;pGJrufcJhwmukd ropömu odvkdufygw,fwJh? 'gaMumifh [m0g&Dqkdwm tar&duefEkdifiH&Jh ykdifeufe,fajrjzpfNyD; *syefEkdifiHESifhvnf; ra0;vSygbl;? tcspfOD;awGbJ jzpfjzpf? tcspfxl;awGyJ jzpfjzpf?[m0g&Dbdpf qkdwm vGwfajrmufe,fajr tcspfe,fajr tppfaygh? jrefrmjynf iyvDurf;ajcrSm t0wfawGESifh a&upm;wmukdbJ &[ef;oHCmawGu roifhawmfvkdU rnfolrS roGm;Mu ygbl;? iyvDxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm uGmjcm;NyD; t0wfrygukd,fvkH;wnf;ESifh 0wfygaomfvnf; Sex vdifykdif;qkdif&mukd wkd;yGm;wJh o&kyfjyrI taemufEkdifiHawG&Jh tcspfp&kdufukd ukdeE´jrifawmh ropömukd tcspfawG wkd;yGm;rSmuawmh ykxkZOfobm0twkdif; tjriftm&kHukd cHpm;&if; a&SUqufrwkd;vm; wkd;vm;uawmh vlUpdwfyJ awG;omMunfhMuyg?? ukdeE´ESifh ropömwkdU uabmufwd uazmufcsmESifh tcspfBurf;onfhtrIonf aygufMum; vmwJh 'DtcsdefrSm vuf&Sda,musm;ukd uGm&Sif;jywfqJumeD; ropömu 'Da,musm;jywfvJ aemuf wa,muf,l&rSmygwJh? a,musm;r&Sd&if raeEkdifbl;vkdUvnf; jywfoGm;wJh vifa,musm;ukd ajymvkduf jcif;onf ropöm&Jh &ifxJwGif ukdeE´&Sdaew,fqkdwm vifa[mif;uvJ odwmaMumifh w&m;0if uGm&Sif;vkduf&w,fqkdwm tm;vkH;u emvnfMuonf??
4
a,musm;r&Sd&if raeEkdifvkdU ropöm wa,muf toHawGu &J&JawmufajymaerSawmhvnf; pm;avmifrGefodyfh rlukd rnfolu azmufo,fpdwfESifh wdwfwpdwfrodatmif csdwfydwfum &dyfomqkdNyD; w&m;xkdifaew,fajym&ifawmh tppfrSef r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;om&Sd&if 'DvkdawmhraeeJU [kda,musm;ESifh jyefaygif;a&;w&m;ESifh aum0d'ukdvnf; r[mpnfu xkyfy,fvkdufrSm aocsm ygonf?? ropömu cspftm;BuD;vkdU ukdeE´ukd qD;wnfay;&wmvnf; tcgcgtBudrfMudrfygwJh? nv,frSm vomawmh opömucspfcGifh&cJhwmvm;? ukdeE´ubJ opömukd tNypfrjrifbJ tcspf&SifBuD; jzpfw,fqkdwm odapcsifvkdU nv,facgifrSm tcspfawGukd oufaojyKcJhwmvm;qkdwmawmh pmzwfy&dwfvnf; cspfcJhzl;onfrkdU tcspf&Jhtwdrfteufukd aoG;ppfp&mrvkdyJ tcspfawGukd awG;MunfhMuyg?? omoemhOaoSsmiftzGJUBuD;vnf; e,l;a,mufwGif&Sdaeonf[k Mum;od&ygw,f?okdUygaom aMumifh omoemh tEå&m,fumuG,fcsifw,fqkd&if tckvkd ppftpkd;&tm; aiG;aMu;t& yHhykd;wJh omoemwGif;0ifa&mufzsufonfh vdefnm aeaom q&mawmf tBuD; ti,f qkdovkd rar&duukd vma&mufNyD; r[kwfwmvkyfaerIukd omoemhOaoSsmifu odrnfxifygw,f? tar&duefu ppfAkdvfcsKyfrsm;tm; 0ifcGifhydwfovkd ppftpkd;&olvsKd bkef;BuD;rsm;ukd OaoSsmifu pDppfNyD;vsif tar&dueftpkd;&xH pm&if;ykdUum ta&;,lay;yg&ef avsmufxm;tyfygonf?? tar&duukd jrefrmjynfu bkef;BuD;rsm; ESpfpOfvkd oGm;aeMuygw,f? tJ'DxJrSm ppftpkd;& tvkdus tar&du EkdifiHwGif;rSmowif;,ljcif;tp ppftpkd;& olvsKdtvkyfawGukd ykHpHrsKd;pkHESifh &Sdaew,fqkdwmvnf; omoemhOaoSsmifu azmfxkwfoGm;&ifom"kac:Murnf?tar&duefrSm r&kd;om; onfhyk*¾Kdvfrsm;ukdawGU&rSmjzpfygw,f?OaoSsmif q&mawmf rsm;taejzifh oHCmawmfrsm; tar&du a&mufvmonfhtcgrSm owdxm;um vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwmrsm;ukd jyKvkyfMuyg&efavsmufxm; ygonf? ppftpkd;&ESifhawGawmh ppftpkd;&tvkdus ujyr,f? jynfolrsm;u ppftpkd;&ukd rBudKufrSef; odvmonfhtcgrSm ppftpkd;&ukd bkef;BuD;wkdUvnf; rBudKufbl;vkdU "r®uxdu yg;pyfu obifo,f ozG,f trsKd;rsKd;ajymaewmukd omoemhOaoSsmif tzGJUBuD;u MunfhraebJ qkH;ray;oifhygw,fbk&m;?? e,l;a,mufrSm "r®uxduqkdNyD; 'jruxdu ykHpHrsKd;awGeJU aiG&SmrIukd jynfolawGu jyKH;jyKH;BuD; tvdefcHMu wm[m vdefoltjypfvm; tvdefcH&ol&Jh tjypfvm;qkdwmawmh todw&m;&Sdolwkdif; odMurSmygyJ?r[kwf r[kwfwmawG vkyfaeonfh omoemjyKtrnfcH omoemukdar; rSdefatmif vkyfaeonfh ukd,frusifh olrsm;ukdajrmufyifhum ykdufqHxkwfNzD&ef usKd;pm;aewmukd tar&du a&mufNyD; tjrifus,fonfh 'um 'umrsm;taejzifhvnf;odMurSmyg?? jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemukd tppftrSef &kd;om;onfh pdwfjzifh rpkd;&drfq&mawmfBuD; OD;aum0d'gbd0Ho(ysHvGef)uJhokdU omoemjyK&ef vkdygonf?? csrf;ajrU? a&Gawmifukef; uJhokdU taexkdif MunfnKdzG,f&mtp rm,m omaX,s uif;&Sif; NyD; 0dyóemrsm; a[mjcif;onf obm0Muygonf? twdavmb tvGefvkdcsifrIaMumifh ukd,frSm&Sdaeonfh tjypfawG ukd rm,mESifh zkef;uG,fum wzufrSmvnf; ukd,fhrSmr&Sdonfh *kPfukdvJ &Sdoa&mif vlawGtxifBuD;atmif wrifBuH pnfjyKvkyfwJh omaX,s pdwf"mwfawGESifh bk&m;omoemukd tkd;rJokwfaeonfh yk*¾Kdvfqkd;ukd yg;eyfaom 'um 'um rrsm;u odMuayrnf? okdUaomfvnf; igwkdUtaeomBuD;csOf;yJ? olUraMumufvkdU nmcsif nmyapqkdwJh oabmxm;rsKd;ESifhom 5
aewwfMuonf?wcsKdUvnf; &if;ESD;í ukd,fhbkef;BuD; t&nftcsif;r&SdaMumif;ukd tjcm;olwkdU odrnfpkd;&drf wmaMumifhvnf; rajymyJaewwfonf?? 'Dxufqkd;wmuawmh trSefw&m;odygvsuf trSm;ukd c&D;qufaeonfh omoemjyK[efaqmifonfh armifawmfESrawmfrsm; twGif;pdwfukd jzpfEkdifvkdU&Sd&if t&SifaqudE´ ("r®'lw) q&mawmfu tuGswfw&m;&atmif a[mEkdifonfrkdUvnf; 'kwd,tBudrfa[mcGifhBuKHapcsifygw,f?? rnfokdUyif qkd;apumrI em*pfrkefwkdif;jzpfawmh txkduftavsmuf vlawGukd ulnDay;wmukd om"kac:ygw,f?usKyfukd,fwkdif em*pfjzpfwJh jrpf0uGsef;ay:a&mufoGm;onfhtcgrSm oDw*l q&mawmfu apwemtjynfhaygh q&mawmfESifh ygvmoluvnf; jynfolrrkef;wJh 'um 'umrawG jzpfw,f? aum0d'uawmh BuHhzGwf pGrf;tm;&Sif wHqdyfawGeJU olUausmif;xJrSmvJ ppfAkdvfawGu xdyfhoD;uyJ?tJ'D AGD'D,kdacGukd Munfhzl;olwkdif; oabmaygufEkdifuawmh BuHhzGwf acgif;aqmif atmifaomif;ESifh aum0d'wkdU we,fxJom; wc&D;xJoGm;um vSnfhpm;aeonfukd vlxkuodMurnf?? atmifaomif;u axmifaomif;ru a':vmuyfNyD; tar&duefukd BuHhzGwf olvsKdawGa&mufapzkdU AkdvfcsKyfrI;BuD;eef;pHzkdU&m ta&; atmifaomif;&Jh tawG;ukd aum0d'uvnf; e,l;a,muf BuHhzGwf &kH;zGifhNyD; tckqkdvsif olUtrsKd;ygqkdNyD; tar&duefvmEkdifzkdU &efukefu tar&duefoH&kH;rSm wifxm;NyD? tar&durSm&SdwJh pzGefpmykdif&Sifuawmh bmomw&m;ukd &kd;om;pGm MunfnKdolomjzpfNyD; aemufwa,mufuawmh ppftpkd;&awmfvSefaeol tokdif;0kdif;ujzpfaMumif;odaeonf?? tar&durSm &Sdonfh pzGefpmay;olrsm;taejzifh ukd,fay;wJhol[m atmifaomif;&Jh olvsKdygvm;qkdwmodcsifrS odayrnf?bmaMumifhvnf;qkdawmh ukd,fwkdifu wzufol&JhvSnfhpm;rIukd cHae&jcif;aMumifhjzpfygw,f?? AkdvfcsKyfrI;BuD;&Jh nDrt&if;ESifh aum0d' rnfrSs&if;ESD;w,f? e,l;a,mufESifh &efukef aum0d' zkH;qufum nDru wqifh rI;BuD;ESifhawGUawmh &l;aeonfhvlukd ajrmufyifh&if ykd&l;wwfw,fqkdwm obm0rkdU aemufqkH;rSm rI;BuD;ukd ajrmufyifhpum;awGxkd;&if aum0d'yg tkef;aemufaygufNyD; aq;&kH;a&mufoGm;cJhonf?? BuHhzGwfpGrf;tm;&SifawG&Jh taumufOPfawGukd e,l;a,mufjynfolawGu urÇmodatmif orkdif;ay;wm0eft& vkyfMu&ayrnf?? jrefrmEkdifiH&Jh tvSJUtajymif;rSm olwkdUtvSnfhrSmawmh omoemukdxdyg;apmfum;cJhovkd ppftmPm jrJa&;twGuf todpdwfukd ab;csdwfNyD; rsufpdrSdwf ouFef;0wfNyD; MuHhzGwfpdwfaygufum tjynfjynf qkdif&momoemjyK e,fvSJU "r®uxdu qkdif;bkwfukd tifwmeuf0ufqkdufrSm qGJwifNyD; qufvdef aernfqkdvsif tvSnfhurMumygbl;? jrefrmjynfom vdefEkdifr,f? tar&durSmawmh owif; vGwfvyfrItp rrSefwmukd vufrcHonfh 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHBuD;rkdUvnf; raumif;rIqkdwm qdwfuG,f&m r&SdvkdU bk&m;a[mcJhonfukd wdwfwpdwfESifh ESpfukdMum; tukokdvftvkyfrsKd; awGukd &dyfomqkdwJh *kPfawGukd axmufqí ]tyÜrma'e orÜma'x} tyÜrma'e &[ef;&Sifvlausmif;om;jynfolrsm;tm; ppftmPm&SifwkdUu owfjzwfnSif;qJ axmifawGcscJhNyD;í (0g)ppftmPm&Sif oufqkd;&SnfzkdU e,l;a,mufrSmMuHhzGwf&kH;wnfaxmifum ppfp&kdwfaxmufyHha&;twGuf jyKvkyfaeonfh tukokd,f p&kdufrsm;ukd trSefw&m;jzifh y,fowfMu&ef? orÜma'x jrefrmEkdifiH 'Drkdua&pDr&atmif t[efU twm;jzpfaeonfh BuHhzGwf"r®uxdutm; azmfxkwfNyD; rdrdwkdU wkdif;jynfESifh omoemawmf twGuf ukd,fuG,frItay:rSm (a&oefU&ef a&ppfvkdtyfouJhokdU)o'¨gw&m;ukd a&ppfwyfí bk&m;omoemukd jyKEkdifMuygapownf;??
6
rsKd;qufopfbdu©K tdE´d,EkdifiH qufoG,f&ef
[email protected]
txl;avsmufxm;csuf (1)&dyfomBuD;rsm;wGif oDv?orm"d?odu©mESifh jynfhpkHaomq&mawmfBuD;rsm;&SdMuygonf?okdUaomfvnf; &dyfom*kPfukd raxmufbJ vkyfpm;aeonfh yk*¾Kdvfrsm;ukd tcsdefrSDwm;jrpfjcif;?xkwfy,fjcif;ukd wm0ef &Sdaom q&mawmfrsm;u aqmif&Gufoifhygw,fbk&m;?? (2)r[mpnfq&mawmfBuD;u ay:yifrvkdufbJ tajrmftjrifBuD;pGmESifh taetxkdifrSefuefvkdU urÇmrSm r[mpnf&,fvkdU xif&Sm;cJhonfukd owd&apcsifygw,fbk&m;?? (3)wkdif;jynfrSm vlnHUawGrsm;onfh tcsdefrSm omoemh0rfxrf;awGu tcGifhaumif;,lum enf;aygif;pkH jzifh vSJUpm;aerIukd vlom;awGu rodvkdUr[kwf acwfraumif;vkdUom &l;csif[efaqmifaeMuonf?? (4)&dyfomBuD;ukd emrnf,lí ukd,femrnfBuD;a&; okdUr[kwf tusKd;tjrwf&&Sda&;rsm;ukd rnfokdUaom yk*¾Kdvfrsm;u jyKvkyfaeonfukd q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u od&SdNyD;jzpfygvdrfhrnfbk&m;?? (5)bk&m;wynfhawmfukd,fwkdif &dyfomtokdif;t0kdif;u BuD;vmcJh&ovkd tckvkdrsKd;avsmufxm;&jcif;rSm vnf; &dyfomBuD;tay: trJpufrsm; yaysmufa&;ukd a&;&kum avsmufxm;jcif;omjzpfygw,f?? (6)w&m;ukd jyol okdUr[kwf w&m;tvkyfukd ukd,fwkdif tm;rxkwfcJhyJESifh q&mwufvkyfaewJh tcgrSm wu,fw&m;tvkyfukd tm;xkwfwJh a,m*Duar;vm&if &Sif;rjyEkdifwJh tjzpfqkd;awGvJ odae&ygw,f q&morm; Oyedostwkdif; pmod? ukd,fod xdxdrdrdr&SdyJ EkdifiHjcm;omemjyKqkdum qkdif;bkwfcsdwfí a&mif0g;tjzpfeJU r[mpnfqkdif;bkwf wckwkd;&ifNyD;a&mqkdwJh tjzpfrsKd; rjzpf&atmif &dyfomBuD;u q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh wm0ef&Sdaom Oygoum Oygodumrsm;u pDppfay;apvkdygw,f??
7