Lower Limb Muscles

Table of Lower Limb Muscles Muscles of Gluteal Region Muscle

Origin Insertion Nerve outer surface of ilium, iliotibial tract sacrum, and gluteal inferior gluteus maximus coccyx, tuberosity of gluteal nerve sacrotuberou femur s ligament greater outer surface superior gluteus medius trochanter of of ilium gluteal nerve femur

Action extends & laterally rotates thigh; through iliotibial tract, it extends knee joint

abducts thigh. Tilts pelvis when walking abduct thigh; greater outer surface superior anterior fibers gluteus minimus trochanter of of ilium gluteal nerve medially rotate femur thigh assists gluteus tensor fasciae superior major in locking iliac crest iliotibial tract latae gluteal nerve the knee into full extension anterior greater 1st & 2nd lateral rotator of piriformis surface of trochanteric sacral nerves thigh sacrum fossa greater superior spine of lateral rotator of trochanteric sacral plexus gemellus ischium thigh fossa inner surface greater obturator lateral rotator of of obturator trochanteric sacral plexus internus thigh membrane fossa greater ischial lateral rotator of inferior gemellus trochanteric sacral plexus tuberosity thigh fossa greater outer surface obturator trochanteric obturator lateral rotator of of obturator externus fossa of nerve thigh membrane femur

Anterior Compartment of Thigh sartorius

anterior upper medial femoral superior iliac surface of nerve

flexes, abducts, laterally rotates

iliacus

psoas

pectineus

quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris

quadriceps femoris, vastus lateralis

quadriceps femoris, vastus medialis

spine

tibia

iliac fossa

with psoas into the femoral lesser nerve trochanter of femur

12th thoracic body; transverse lesser process, trochanter of lumbar bodies & femur along plexus intervertebra with iliacus l discs of the 5 lumbar vertebrae superior upper end femoral ramus of shaft of nerve pubis femur straight head quadriceps from anterior tendon into inferior iliac patella; into spine; femoral tibial reflected nerve tuberosity by head from patellar ilium above tendon acetabulum quadriceps tendon into upper end patella; into femoral and shaft of tibial nerve femur tuberosity by patellar tendon quadriceps tendon into upper end patella; into femoral and shaft of tibial nerve femur tuberosity by patellar tendon

thigh; flexes & medially rotates leg flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk onto the thigh as in sitting up

flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh fixed, it flexes trunk onto thigh as in sitting up

flexes and adducts thigh

extension of leg

extension of leg

extension of leg

quadriceps tendon into quadriceps patella; into shaft of femoral femoris, vastus tibial femur nerve intermedius tuberosity by patellar tendon Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh inferior upper part of ramus of shaft of tibia obturator gracilis pubis; ramus on medial nerve of ischium surface posterior body of surface of obturator adductor longus pubis shaft of nerve femur posterior inferior surface of obturator adductor brevis ramus of shaft of nerve pubis femur posterior inferior surface of obturator ramus of shaft of nerve; tibial pubis; ramus femur near adductor magnus nerve to of ischium, linea aspera; hamstring ischial adductor part tuberosity tubercle of femur

extension of leg

adducts thigh and flexes leg adducts thigh; assists in lateral rotation adducts thigh; assists in lateral rotation

adducts thigh and assists in lateral rotation; hamstring part extends thigh

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh long head from ischial tuberosity; head of biceps femoris short head fibula from shaft of femur upper part ischial medial semitendinosus tuberosity surface of shaft of tibia semimembranos ischial medial us tuberosity condyle of tibia; forms

long head:tibial; flexes and laterally short rotates leg; long head:commo head extends thigh n peroneal

tibial nerve tibial nerve

flexes and medially rotates leg; extends thigh flexes and medially rotates leg; extends thigh

adductor magnus ischial (hamstring part) tuberosity

oblique popliteal ligament adductor tubercle of femur

tibial nerve

extends thigh

Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the Leg

tibialis anterior

shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane

medial deep cuneiform & peroneal base of first nerve metatarsal

extends the foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch

extensor digitorum

shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane

extensor deep expansion of peroneal lateral four nerve toes

extends toes; dorsiflexes (extends) foot

shaft of base of 5th fibula & peroneus tertius metatarsal interosseous bone membrane

deep peroneal nerve

shaft of extensor hallucis fibula & longus interosseous membrane

deep peroneal nerve

base of distal phalanx of big toe

dorsiflexes (extends) foot; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints extends big toe; dorsiflexes (extends) foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg

shaft of peroneus longus fibula

base of 1st superficial metatarsal & peroneal medial nerve cuneiform

peroneus brevis shaft of

base of 5th

superficial

plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot plantar flexes foot;

fibula

metatarsal bone

peroneal nerve

everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal arch

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the Leg gastrocnemius

plantaris

medial and by way of lateral Achilles condyles of tendon to femur calcaneum lateral supracondyla calcaneum r ridge of femur

tibial nerve

plantar flexes foot; flexes leg

tibial nerve

plantar flexes foot; flexes leg

soleus

shafts of tibia and fibula

by way of achilles tendon into calcaneum

popliteus

lateral condyle of femur

shaft of tibia tibial nerve

tibial nerve

distal flexor digitorum phalanges of shaft of tibia tibial nerve longus lateral four toes

flexor hallucis longus

shaft of fibula

tibialis posterior shafts of tibia and

base of distal phalanx of big toe

tibial nerve

tuberosity of tibial nerve navicular

with gastrocnemius & plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of foot; provides main propulsive force in walking & running flexes leg; unlocks full extension of knee by laterally rotating femur on tibia flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot; supports medial longitudinal arch plantar flexes foot; inverts foot at

subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

fibula & interosseous bone membrane

Muscles on the Dorsum of Foot

extensor calcaneum digitorum brevis

by four tendons into the proximal phalanx of deep big toe and peroneal long nerve extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes

extends toes

Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (First Layer) medial tubercle of abductor hallucis calcaneum; flexor retinaculum

medial side, base of proximal phalanx of big toe middle medial flexor digitorum phalanx of tubercle of brevis four lateral calcaneum toes lateral side medial & base of abductor digiti lateral proximal minimi tubercles of phalanx 5th calcaneum toe

flexes, abducts big medial toe; supports plantar nerve medial arch flexes lateral four medial toes; supports plantar nerve medial & lateral longitudinal arches flexes, abducts 5th lateral toe; supports plantar nerve lateral longitudinal arch

muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer) flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae) flexor digitorum longus tendon

tendons medial and flexor lateral sides digitorum of calcaneum longus shaft of tibia base of distal phalanx of lateral four

aids long flexor lateral tendon to flex plantar nerve lateral four toes tibial nerve

flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot;

supports longitudinal arch

toes

lumbricals

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

shaft of fibula

1st lumbrical from medial dorsal plantar; extensor remainder extends toes at expansion of lumbricals interphalangeal lateral four from deep joints toes branch of lateral plantar nerve flexes distal base of phalanx of big toe; distal tibial nerve plantar flexes foot; phalanx of supports medial big toe longitudinal arch

Muscles of Sole of Foot (Third Layer) cuboid, lateral cuneiform flexor hallucis bones; brevis tibialis posterior insertion bases of 2nd, 3rd & adductor hallucis 4th (oblique head) metatarsal bones adductor hallucis plantar (transverse ligaments head)

flexor digiti minimi brevis

base of 5th metatarsal bone

medial & flexes lateral sides metatarsophalange of base of medial al joint of big toe; proximal plantar nerve supports medial phalanx of longitudinal arch big toe lateral side base of proximal phalanx big toe lateral side of base of proximal phalanx big toe lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe

deep branch flexes big toe, of lateral supports plantar transverse arch

deep branch flexes big toe; of lateral supports plantar nerve transverse arch superior branch of flexes little toe lateral plantar nerve

Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer) dorsal interossei adjacent

bases of

lateral

abduct toes with

2nd toe as the phalanges reference; flex sides of and dorsal metatarsophalange (4) metatarsal expansion of plantar nerve al joints; extend bones correspondin interphalangeal g toes joint adduct toes with bases of 2nd toe as 3rd, 4th, and phalanges & reference; flex plantar interossei 5th dorsal lateral metatarsophalange (3) metatarsal expansion of plantar nerve al joints; extend bones correspondin interphalangeal g toes joints tendon of see above see above see above see above peroneus longus tendon of tibialis see above see above see above see above posterior HAZRAT BILAL MALAKANDI 2nd SEMESTER BSPT INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY PESHAWAR N.W.F.P PAKISTAN CONTACT:- [email protected]