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flora SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: NOUN:

ETYMOLOGY:

flo·ra flôr , fl r Inflected forms: pl. flo·ras or flo·rae (flôr , fl r ) 1. Plants considered as a group, especially the plants of a particular country, region, or time. 2. A treatise describing the plants of a region or time. 3. The bacteria and other microorganisms that normally inhabit a bodily organ or part: intestinal flora. From Flora.

florid SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: ADJECTIVE:

ETYMOLOGY: OTHER FORMS:

flor·id flôr d, fl r 1. Flushed with rosy color; ruddy. 2. Very ornate; flowery: a florid prose style. 3. Archaic Healthy. 4. Obsolete Abounding in or covered with flowers. French floride, from Latin fl ridus, from fl s, fl r-, flower. See bhel-3 in Appendix I. flo·rid i·ty (fl -r d -t , flô-) , flor id·ness —NOUN flor id·ly —ADVERB

flotsam

SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION:

flot·sam fl t s m

NOUN:

1a. Wreckage or cargo that remains afloat after a ship has sunk. b. Floating refuse or debris. 2. Discarded odds and ends. 3. Vagrant, usually destitute people.

ETYMOLOGY:

Anglo-Norman floteson, from Old French floter, to float, of Germanic origin. See pleu- in Appendix I.

USAGE NOTE:

In maritime law, flotsam applies to wreckage or cargo left floating on the sea after a shipwreck. Jetsam applies to cargo or equipment thrown overboard from a ship in distress and either sunk or washed ashore. The common phrase flotsam and jetsam is now used loosely to describe any objects found floating or washed ashore.

flounder

1

SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: INTRANSITIVE VERB:

NOUN: ETYMOLOGY:

flounder

floun d r Inflected forms: floun·dered, floun·der·ing, floun·ders 1. To make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance. 2. To move or act clumsily and in confusion. See synonyms at blunder. See Usage Note at founder1. The act of floundering. Probably alteration of founder1.

2

SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: NOUN:

ETYMOLOGY:

flout

floun·der

floun·der floun d r Inflected forms: pl. flounder or floun·ders Any of various marine flatfishes of the families Bothidae and Pleuronectidae, which include important food fishes. Middle English, from Anglo-Norman floundre, of Scandinavian origin. See plat- in Appendix I.

PRONUNCIATION: VERB: TRANSITIVE VERB: INTRANSITIVE VERB: NOUN: ETYMOLOGY: OTHER FORMS:

flout Inflected forms: flout·ed, flout·ing, flouts To show contempt for; scorn: flout a law; behavior that flouted convention. See Usage Note at flaunt. To be scornful. A contemptuous action or remark; an insult. Perhaps from Middle English flouten, to play the flute, from Old French flauter, from flaute, flute. See flute. flout er —NOUN flout ing·ly —ADVERB

fluctuate SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: VERB: INTRANSITIVE VERB: TRANSITIVE VERB: ETYMOLOGY: OTHER FORMS:

fluc·tu·ate fl k ch - t Inflected forms: fluc·tu·at·ed, fluc·tu·at·ing, fluc·tu·ates 1. To vary irregularly. See synonyms at swing. 2. To rise and fall in or as if in waves; undulate. To cause to rise and fall or vary irregularly. Latin fl ctu re, fl ctu t-, from fl ctus, a flowing, from past participle of fluere, to flow. See bhleu- in Appendix I. fluc tu·ant (- nt) —ADJECTIVE fluc tu·a tion —NOUN

fluffy SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: ADJECTIVE:

OTHER FORMS:

fluff·y fl f Inflected forms: fluff·i·er, fluff·i·est 1a. Of, relating to, or resembling fluff. b. Covered with fluff. 2. Light and airy; soft: fluffy curls; a fluffy soufflé. 3a. Light or frivolous: a fluffy musical comedy. b. Lacking depth or precision; fuzzy: hazy, fluffy thinking that only confused the matter. fluff i·ly —ADVERB fluff i·ness —NOUN

fluke

1 PRONUNCIATION: NOUN: ETYMOLOGY:

fluke

1. Any of various flatfishes, especially a flounder of the genus Paralichthys. 2. See trematode. Middle English, from Old English fl c. See pl k-1 in Appendix I.

2

PRONUNCIATION: NOUN:

ETYMOLOGY:

fluke

fl k

fl k 1. Nautical The triangular blade at the end of an arm of an anchor, designed to catch in the ground. 2. A barb or barbed head, as on an arrow or a harpoon. 3. Either of the two horizontally flattened divisions of the tail of a whale. Possibly from fluke1.

3

PRONUNCIATION: NOUN: ETYMOLOGY:

fl k 1. A stroke of good luck. 2. A chance occurrence; an accident. 3. Games An accidentally good or successful stroke in billiards or pool. Origin unknown.

flunk PRONUNCIATION: VERB: INTRANSITIVE VERB: TRANSITIVE VERB: NOUN: PHRASAL VERB: ETYMOLOGY: OTHER FORMS:

fl ngk Inflected forms: flunked, flunk·ing, flunks Informal To fail, especially in a course or an examination. 1. To fail (an examination or course). 2. To give a failing grade to. 1. The act or an instance of flunking. 2. A failing grade. flunk out To expel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet required standards. Origin unknown. flunk er —NOUN

fluorescent SYLLABICATION:

fluo·res·cent

PRONUNCIATION: ADJECTIVE:

NOUN:

fl -r s nt, flô-, fl 1a. Of or relating to fluorescence. b. Exhibiting or produced by fluorescence: fluorescent plankton; fluorescent light. 2. Glowing as if with fluorescence; vivid: bright fluorescent colors. A fluorescent lamp.

fluster SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERB: NOUN: ETYMOLOGY:

flus·ter fl s t r Inflected forms: flus·tered, flus·ter·ing, flus·ters To make or become nervous or upset. A state of agitation, confusion, or excitement. From Middle English flostring, agitation, probably of Scandinavian origin. See pleu- in Appendix I.

flutter SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: VERB: INTRANSITIVE VERB:

TRANSITIVE VERB: NOUN:

ETYMOLOGY:

flut·ter fl t r Inflected forms: flut·tered, flut·ter·ing, flut·ters 1. To wave or flap rapidly in an irregular manner: curtains that fluttered in the breeze. 2a. To fly by a quick light flapping of the wings. b. To flap the wings without flying. 3. To move or fall in a manner suggestive of tremulous flight: “Her arms rose, fell, and fluttered with the rhythm of the song” (Evelyn Waugh). 4. To vibrate or beat rapidly or erratically: My heart fluttered wildly. 5. To move quickly in a nervous, restless, or excited fashion; flit. To cause to flutter: “fluttering her bristly black lashes as swiftly as butterflies' wings” (Margaret Mitchell). 1. The act of fluttering. 2. A condition of nervous excitement or agitation: Everyone was in a flutter over the news that the director was resigning. 3. A commotion; a stir. 4. Pathology Abnormally rapid pulsation, especially of the atria or ventricles of the heart. 5. Rapid fluctuation in the pitch of a sound reproduction resulting from variations in the speed of the recording or reproducing equipment. 6. Chiefly British A small bet; a gamble: “If they like a flutter, Rick will get them better odds than the bookies” (John le Carré). Middle English floteren, from Old English floterian. See pleu- in Appendix I.

OTHER FORMS:

flut ter·er —NOUN flut ter·y —ADJECTIVE

fluvial SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION: ADJECTIVE: ETYMOLOGY:

flu·vi·al fl

v -l

1. Of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream. 2. Produced by the action of a river or stream. Middle English, from Latin fluvi lis, from fluvius, river, from fluere, to flow. See bhleu- in Appendix I.

flux PRONUNCIATION:

fl ks

NOUN:

1a. A flow or flowing. b. A continued flow; a flood. See synonyms at flow. 2. The flowing in of the tide. 3. Medicine The discharge of large quantities of fluid material from the body, especially the discharge of watery feces from the intestines. 4. Physics a. The rate of flow of fluid, particles, or energy through a given surface. b. See flux density. c. The lines of force of an electric or magnetic field. 5. Constant or frequent change; fluctuation: “The newness and flux of the computer industry has meant many opportunities for women and minorities” (Connie Winkler). 6. Chemistry & Metallurgy A substance that aids, induces, or otherwise actively participates in fusing or flowing, as: a. A substance applied to a surface to be joined by welding, soldering, or brazing to facilitate the flowing of solder and prevent formation of oxides. b. A mineral added to the metals in a furnace to promote fusing or to prevent the formation of oxides. c. An additive that improves the flow of plastics during fabrication. d. A readily fusible glass or enamel used as a base in ceramic work.

VERB:

Inflected forms: fluxed, flux·ing, flux·es

TRANSITIVE VERB: INTRANSITIVE VERB: ETYMOLOGY:

1. To melt; fuse. 2. To apply a flux to. 1. To become fluid. 2. To flow; stream. Middle English, from Old French, from Latin fl xus, from past participle of fluere, to flow. See bhleu- in Appendix I.

fodder SYLLABICATION: PRONUNCIATION:

fod·der f d r

NOUN:

TRANSITIVE VERB: ETYMOLOGY:

1. Feed for livestock, especially coarsely chopped hay or straw. 2. Raw material, as for artistic creation. 3. A consumable, often inferior item or resource that is in demand and usually abundant supply: romantic novels intended as fodder for the pulp fiction market. Inflected forms: fod·dered, fod·der·ing, fod·ders To feed with fodder. Middle English, from Old English f dor. See p - in Appendix I.

3038,"flora","[\GS5:T:]n （某一特定国家、地区或时间内的）植物群；植物群目录【源】芙罗拉花 神－flower－植物群【参】fauna（n 动物群）Faunus 福纳斯：畜牧农林神；florescence（n 开花期； 全盛期）；" 3039,"florid","[\GS5T0D]adj 华丽的＝decorated＝showy＝ornate；（脸）红润的＝rosy＝ruddy【记】 flor（花），id－像花一样的－华丽的【反】solemn（adj 庄严的）" 3040,"floridness","[\GS5T0DQ:K]n （艺术、文学等方面）华丽；脸色好【源】原指：文艺复兴前夕 哥特式建筑的华丽装饰【记】源于：flower；参：florid（adj 华丽的；红润的；炫耀的）读： Florida（n 佛罗里达－美国的花州）【类】verbosity:words＝floridness:embellishments 罗嗦是词语过 多＝华丽是装饰过多" 3041,"flotsam","[\GS5CK:P]n （漂浮的）遇难船只的残骸、残片或货物＝wreckage【记】flot＝float 漂浮，sam＝some：漂浮着的一些东西－漂浮物" 3042,"flounder","[\GS>7QD:]v 挣扎（尝试着移动或重获平衡）；笨重地移动；n 比目鱼（有侧扁的 身体，两眼位于上侧：flow under 的结果）＝flatfish【记】flo＝flow，under：在水下面没有氧气瓶 －挣扎【类】flounder:process 挣扎是困难地行进【反】act gracefully（优雅地动）；slide（v /n 滑 行）" 3043,"flourish","[\GS::T0M]v 繁荣昌盛；n 华丽的辞藻装饰品或修饰物【记】源于 flower－花一样的 开放－繁荣【反】lack of embellishment（缺乏装饰）；waste away（衰退）；wither（v 使凋谢；枯 萎）" 3044,"flout","[GS>7C]v 蔑视；轻蔑＝fleer＝gibe＝jeer＝jest＝sneer【记】fl＝fly，out 出去－飞出去 －不再服从命令－藐视【类】flout:disregard＝taunt:challenge 轻蔑是嘲弄性轻视＝奚落是嘲弄性挑衅" 3045,"fluctuate","[\GS8ECU7<0C]v （象在波浪中，不规则）波动变化＝undulate【记】flu 流动－波 动变化【反】stabilize（v 稳定）；remain steady（保持稳定）" 3046,"fluctuation","[]GS8ECU7\<0M:Q]n 波动；起伏【类】pristine:decay＝stable:fluctuation 新鲜的 不腐烂＝稳定的不波动【反】invariance（n 恒定性；不变性）" 3047,"fluent","[\GS7::QC]adj 流利的（能够欣然而毫不费力地表达自己）；线条畅流的＝graceful 【记】flu＝flow 流【类】fluent:glib＝meticulous:nitpick[finicky]『humorous:wry』十分流利的是油嘴 滑舌的＝十分仔细的是挑剔的【反】halting（adj 跛的；犹豫的）" 3048,"fluffy","[\GS8G0]adj 有绒毛的；肤浅的（没有深度、精度的）＝disembodied【记】fluff（n 软 毛；绒毛；无价值的东西）读：腐烂费－由于购买的食物长毛了，要向商家所取腐烂费！" 3049,"fluid","[\GS7:0D]n 流体（连续的、无定形的物质）；adj 流动的【类】opacity:light＝ impermeability:fluid 不透明不能透过光＝不能穿透不能透过流体" 3050,"fluke","[GS7:E]n 意外事件＝accident；侥幸（突如其来的好运，成功）【源】原指：台球中偶 然的漂亮一击【记】luke＝luck（n 运气；幸运）下 flake（n 雪片）是一件 fluke【反】expected occurrence（预料中的事）" 3051,"flunk","[GS8RE]n /v 考试不及格【记】读：腐烂课－上这种课想及格都困难" 3052,"fluorescent","[GS7::\T
3054,"fluster","[\GS8KC:]v 使困惑而慌乱＝discompose＝discombobulate＝flurry＝unhinge【记】源于： flush（v 脸红）是由慌乱引起的" 3055,"flustered","[\GS8KC:D]adj 慌乱的【反】calm（adj 平静的；镇静沉着的）" 3056,"flutter","[\GS8C:]v （不规则地快速）拍翅；（急躁不安地）快速移动＝flit【记】flatter 是拍 马屁；flutter 是拍翅膀" 3057,"fluvial","[5flu:viEl]adj 河流的；河的冲积作用形成的【类】fluvial:river＝sidereal:star 河流的 对河流＝恒星的对恒星" 3058,"flux","[GS8EK]n 泛滥；变迁（不断或经常的变化）＝fluctuation；拉稀（从肠中排出水样粪便） 【记】flu 流；参：fluxion（n 流动；不断的变化；消失）" 3059,"focus","[\G:7E:K]v 集中＝concentrate；聚焦【反】diffuse（v 散播；漫射）；disperse（v 使分 散；疏散）" 3060,"fodder","[\G5D:]n 草料；用于艺术创作的原料【记】fod＝food 食物－动物的食物－草料"