Les 7 - Gisteren

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Les 7

Gisteren

Versie 2

Augustus 2007

Joke Kalisvaart

Instruction Welcome to lesson 7 of this Dutch course. You can browse through this lesson using the blue buttons: brings you to the previous page brings you to the next page Please don’t use the scroll function of your mouse or the Page Up and Page Down buttons to go to the next page. This icon indicates that you can listen to a sound. When it is located in the upper left corner of the page, the sound should play automatically. If not, click the sound icon to start the sound. When it is located next to a sentence or word, you can click it to hear the sound. You can test the sound by clicking the sound icon on this page.

Instruction You can also use the buttons at the bottom of each page to navigate through the lesson. This button will take you to the first page of this course Here, you can listen to Dutch sentences or a short conversation Now, listen again, read along and view the English translation View the new words you learned in this lesson View grammar topics Practice your new knowledge

Introduction In this lesson, Mirjam tells an exciting story about things that happened yesterday. Enjoy!

Luisteren

Luisteren en Lezen Gisteren was ik met mijn zusje Anne en mijn hond Bello op het strand. Yesterday, I was on the beach with my sister Anne and my dog Bello. De zon scheen en het was warm. The sun was shining and it was warm. Eerst aten we een ijsje. First we ate an ice cream. Daarna zwommen we. After that we swam. Bello rende over het strand. Bello ran along the beach. Plotseling blafte Bello heel hard. Suddenly, Bello barked very loudly. We zagen iets in de zee. We saw something in the sea.

Luisteren en Lezen Wat was dat? What was that? Een haai! A shark! Anna gilde en we renden snel naar het strand. Anne screamed and we quickly ran to the beach. De haai zwom ook naar het strand. The shark swam to the beach too. Maar het was geen haai, het was een man. But it was not a shark, it was a man. De man lachte. The man smiled. Toen waren we niet meer bang. Then we weren’t afraid anymore.

Woorden 1

Mevrouw Jansen helpt: Gister is often used instead of gisteren.

Nederlands

English

gisteren was met het strand (stranden) scheen eerst kochten kopen het ijsje (ijsjes) rende over

yesterday simple past singular of ‘zijn’ with the beach simple past singular of ‘schijnen’ first simple past singular of ‘kopen’ to buy the ice cream - diminutive only simple past singular of ‘rennen’ over, along, about

Woorden 2 Nederlands

English

daarna zwommen zwemmen plotseling blafte blaffen hard zagen iets de zee (zeeën) de haai (haaien)

after that simple past plural of ‘zwemmen’ to swim suddenly simple past singular of ‘blaffen’ to bark loud(ly) simple past plural of ‘zien’ something the sea the shark

Woorden 3 Nederlands

English

gilde gillen renden snel zwom de man (mannen) lachte lachen toen waren niet meer bang

simple past singular of ‘gillen’ to scream simple past plural of ‘rennen’ quick(ly) simple past singular of ‘zwemmen’ the man simple past singular of ‘lachen to laugh, to smile then (only in a sentence in the past tense) simple past plural of ‘zijn’ not anymore, no longer afraid

Grammatica Simple past tense 1: weak verbs In Dutch, the simple past tense in regular (weak) verbs is formed by adding the letters –de(n) or –te(n) to the stem. We use -de or –te for the singular form (ik, je, hij, ze, het) and –den or –ten in plural (we, jullie, ze). To know whether you should add –de(n) or –te(n), you’ll have to distinguish between ‘t-verbs’ and ‘d-verbs’. A verb is a ‘t-verb’ if the stem ends in t, k, f, s, c, h or p (all consonants in the word ‘pocketfish’). All other verbs are ‘d-verbs’

Grammatica

Mevrouw Jansen helpt: If a verb stem ends in v Simple past tense 2: weak verbs or z, these change into f and s, respectively. Let’s take a look at the verbs ‘rennen’ and ‘blaffen’. These verbs, however, To obtain the stem, we subtract –en and adjust for spelling: are d-verbs, because of the v or the z in the ren blaf infinitive.

Ren ends in an ‘n’ and is therefore a d-verb; blaf ends in an ‘f’ and is a tverb. The full conjugation: rennen blaffen The same goes for the verbs ik rende ik blafte gillen, leren, regenen, spelen, je rende je blafte waaien willen, wonen, zorgen (d) hij rende hij blafte and lachen, dansen, koken, we renden we blaften werken (t) and many more. jullie renden jullie blaften ze renden ze blaften

Grammatica Simple past tense 3: strong verbs Unfortunately, a large number of verbs that are used frequently do not follow the rules explained on the previous pages. These are the so-called strong verbs. Examples of strong verbs from this lesson are zwemmen, kopen, schijnen and zien. Strong verbs usually form the past tense by changing a vowel (e.g. present: zwemmen  past: zwommen). The same thing sometimes happens in English (e.g. to swim, swam, swum). For each of these verbs you’ll have to learn three forms by heart: the singular and the plural form of the simple past tense and the participle. Verbs that are irregular in the present tense are usually also irregular in the past tense, so you’ll have to learn these too. You’ll find the conjugation of all strong and irregular verbs you’ve learned so far on the next page (including the participle; you’re going to need that to form the perfect tenses).

Grammatica Simple past tense 4: list of strong verbs infinitive eten gaan hebben houden kunnen kijken kopen mogen schijnen schrijven springen zien zijn zwemmen

past singular at ging had hield kon keek kocht mocht scheen schreef sprong zag was zwom

past plural aten gingen hadden hielden konden keken kochten mochten schenen schreven sprongen zagen waren zwommen

participle gegeten gegaan gehad gehouden gekund gekeken gekocht gemogen geschenen geschreven gesprongen gezien geweest gezwommen

English to eat to go to have to hold can to look to buy may to shine to write to jump to see to be to swim

Although this list might look very intimidating at first glance, you’ll find that there are some patterns (compare for example kijken, schijnen and schrijven). A (long!) list of strong verbs can be found here.

Grammatica Word order Recall from lesson 3 that the main word order in a Dutch sentence is: Ik zwom gisteren in zee. subject verb rest of sentence When a sentence contains more than one verb, the finite verb is always the second part of the sentence and all other verbs move to the end of the sentence: Ik wil graag in zee zwemmen subject finite verb rest of sentence other verbs When the sentence doesn’t start with the subject, the finite verb and the subject change places (inversion) to keep the finite verb in the second position: Gisteren zwom time verb

ik subject

inversion

in zee. rest of sentence

Grammatica Adverbs In Dutch, adjectives can be used as adverbs, without any changes. Een mooi boek. A beautiful book. Mooi dansen. Dance beautifully.

(mooi = adjective) (mooi = adverb)

Adverbs are never conjugated Een snelle haai. (snelle = adjective) A quick shark. De haai zwemt snel. (snel = adverb) The shark swims quickly.

Oefening 1a What is the correct word order? Gisteren gingen we naar de boerderij. Gisteren we gingen naar de boerderij. We gisteren gingen naar de boerderij.

Oefening 1a What is the correct word order? Gisteren gingen we naar de boerderij. Gisteren we gingen naar de boerderij. We gisteren gingen naar de boerderij. PRIMA! You can move on to the next question.

Oefening 1a What is the correct word order? Gisteren gingen we naar de boerderij. Gisteren we gingen naar de boerderij. We gisteren gingen naar de boerderij. FOUT! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1a What is the correct word order? Gisteren gingen we naar de boerderij. Gisteren we gingen naar de boerderij. We gisteren gingen naar de boerderij. NEE! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1b What is the correct word order? De hond hard blaft. Hard de hond blaft. De hond blaft hard.

Oefening 1b What is the correct word order? De hond hard blaft. Hard de hond blaft. De hond blaft hard. NIET GOED! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1b What is the correct word order? De hond hard blaft. Hard de hond blaft. De hond blaft hard. ACH! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1b What is the correct word order? De hond hard blaft. Hard de hond blaft. De hond blaft hard. OK! You can move on to the next question.

Oefening 1c What is the correct word order? Ik wil graag taart eten. Ik graag taart wil eten. Taart ik wil graag eten.

Oefening 1c What is the correct word order? Ik wil graag taart eten. Ik graag taart wil eten. Taart ik wil graag eten. JA! You can move on to the next question.

Oefening 1c What is the correct word order? Ik wil graag taart eten. Ik graag taart wil eten. Taart ik wil graag eten. JAMMER! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1c What is the correct word order? Ik wil graag taart eten. Ik graag taart wil eten. Taart ik wil graag eten. FOUT! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1d What is the correct word order? Wat de grote haai wilde eten? Wat wilde eten de grote haai? Wat wilde de grote haai eten?

Oefening 1d What is the correct word order? Wat de grote haai wilde eten? Wat wilde eten de grote haai? Wat wilde de grote haai eten? NEE! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1d What is the correct word order? Wat de grote haai wilde eten? Wat wilde eten de grote haai? Wat wilde de grote haai eten? HELAAS! Use the ‘previous’ button to try again.

Oefening 1d What is the correct word order? Wat de grote haai wilde eten? Wat wilde eten de grote haai? Wat wilde de grote haai eten? GEWELDIG! You can move on to the next exercise.

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2a Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. kopen zwemmen gillen

to scream suddenly to be afraid

lachen

to swim

blaffen

to bark

bang zijn gisteren plotseling

to laugh yesterday to buy

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 2b Connect the Dutch words with the English meanings. de zee het ijsje het strand

the man the beach the sea

de man

something

de haai

the ice cream

hard

quick(ly)

snel

loud(ly)

iets

the shark

Oefening 3a Fill in the right verb form in the simple past tense Ctrl + p = pen, Ctrl + a = arrow, question mark = show answers

Het meisje wilde ........ een eenhond. hond.[willen] [willen] De kinderen zwommen ......... in zee. in [zwemmen] zee. [zwemmen] De hond ....... blafte. . [blaffen] [blaffen] Vandaag regent het, maar gisteren ..... scheen de zon. de zon. [schijnen] [schijnen] Mirjam rende .... overover het het strand. strand. [rennen] [rennen] Gisteren at ...... dede kat kat een een konijn. konijn. [eten] [eten] Mijn oom ...... danste metmet de lerares. de lerares. [dansen] [dansen] De meisjes ..... speelden mooi piano. mooi piano. [spelen] [spelen]

Oefening 3b Fill in the right verb form in the simple past tense Ctrl + p = pen, Ctrl + a = arrow, question mark = show answers

De kinderen waren ..... bang. bang. [zijn] [zijn] De boer kocht .... driedrie koeien. koeien. [kopen] [kopen] Haar moeder .... schreef veel boeken. veel boeken. [schrijven] [schrijven] Opa .... lachte heelheel hard. hard. [lachen] [lachen] De haaien aten .... graag graag kleine kleine meisjes. meisjes. [eten] [eten] De grote honden .... konden niet springen. niet springen. [kunnen] [kunnen] Hier ...... woonden geen kinderen. geen kinderen. [wonen] [wonen] Ik hield ..... van van jou. jou. [houden] [houden] Ik had ..... een eenparaplu paraplunodig. nodig.[hebben] [hebben]

Oefening 3c Fill in the right adjective or adverb Ctrl + p = pen, Ctrl + a = arrow, question mark = show answers

De haai zwemt snel. [snel]. De hond blaft naar het snelle [snel] konijn. konijn. Eva’s moeder moedersschrijft schrijftmooie [mooi]boeken. boeken. Mirjam danst heel [mooi]. mooi. Het is [warm] warm op ophet hetstrand. strand. We kopen een koud [koud]ijsje. ijsje. De bange [bang] man man zwemt zwemt [snel]. snel. Mijn broer lacht [hard]. hard. Bello is een [groot] grote hond. hond.

Einde Congratulations! You’ve reached the end of lesson seven.

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