Leprosy By: Dhaine

LEPROSY Nadine Z. Villarin

Definition 

Leprosy also known as Hansen's disease, is a slowly progressing bacterial infection that affects the:   

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Skin peripheral nerves in the hands and feet mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes. According to official reports received during 2008 from 118 countries and territories, the global registered prevalence of leprosy at the beginning of 2008 stood at 212,802 cases, while the number of new cases detected during 2007 was 254,525

Etiologic agent Mycobacterium leprae

Mode of transmission: Droplet inhalation (Airborne) Infected soil Two types of leprosy:  PAUCIBACILLARY LEPROSY (PB) tubercoloid type  MULTIBACILLARY Leprosy (MB) –

Diagnosis 

Signs and symptoms: 

Well-defined skin lesions that are numb.  Flat

and red lesions

chronic stuffy nose (LL)  nodules and lesions 

all over the body and face. 

Foot drop

Incubation Period 

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Varies anywhere from 6 months – 40 years. On an average, it takes 4 years for the symptoms of tuberculoid leprosy to develop. Lepromatous leprosy develops even more slowly, taking an average of 8 years for the initial lesions to appear.

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Complications:     

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Sensory loss Gangrene Mutilation of digits Infection of open wounds neuroapthic pain

Laboratory diagnosis: 

Culture and smear  Acid-fast

bacilli

Treatment 

Drugs used:    

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Dapsone Rifampin Ofloxacin; minocycline; clarithromycin Clofazimine

Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) 

duration of treatment: 1 year

MDT Blister Pack

Prevention and Control 

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treat all leprosy cases to prevent spread of infection young children should avoid direct contact with untreated patients practice personal hygiene maintain body resistance by healthful living good nutrition enough rest and exercises clean environment

VACCINATION BCG, Leprae protein 

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CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS Dapsone (only in Tuberculoid)

Leprosy Control Program 

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envisions to eliminate Leprosy as a human disease by 2020 and is committed to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem by attaining a national prevalence rate (PR) of less than 1 per 10,000 population by year 2000. Its elimination goals are: reduce the national PR of <1 case per 10,000 population by year 1998 and reduce the sub-national PR to <1 case per 10,000 population by year 2000. Kilatis Kutis Campaign.

Leprosy Prevention & Control Week 

February 25-29, 2008

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Program thrust is towards finding hidden cases of leprosy and put them on MultiDrug Therapy (MDT), emphasizing the completion of treatment within the WHO prescribed duration. Strategies are case-finding, treatment, advocacy, rehabilitation, manpower development and evaluation. Multi-drug therapy (MDT) can be availed from any health center in the country

Thank You!