Legend Of The Great Stupa

dxf:t"k af}4sf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; Legend of the Great Stupa

Translated by: Milan Shakya

2007

dxf:t"k af}4sf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf; af}4 :t"ksf af/] ;a} eGbf k|frLg Pltxfl;s clen]v g]jf/x¿sf j+zfjnLx¿df e]l6G5 . klxnf] s'/f s] eg], af}4 g]kfnsf rf/ :t"kx¿dWo] Ps :t"k dflgG5 h;nfO{ lnlR5jL -s/Lj O{=;+= $)) tfsfsf_ /fhf j[ifb]j jf ljqmdfhLtn] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP eGg] syg 5 . bf];|f], g]jf/L >f]t cg';f/ pQm :t"ksf] lgdf{0f kfFrf}F ztfAbLlt/ /fhf j[ifb]jsf 5f]/f dfgb]jn] u/fPsf lyP . dfgb]jsf] xftaf6 c1fgtfjz cfˆg} lktfsf] xTof x'g uPsf] lyof] . Tof] kfksf] k|folZrt:j¿k pgn] af}4 :t"k agfpg nufP eGg] syg kfOG5 . rfFu' gf/fo0fdf /flvPsf] lznfn]vdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ g]kfndf ;g\ $^$ b]lv %)% ;Dd /fHo u/]sf dfgb]j Ps lnR5jL /fhf lyP . pgL Ps k/fqmdL ;}lgs / snf ;+/Ifs klg lyP . ;f+v'sf] u'F axf jh|of]lugLsf] dlGb/ ePtfklg kfFrf}+ ztfJbL;Dd ;f] dlGb/ lxgofg ljxf/sf ¿kd} kl/lrt lyof] eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . !# cf}+ ztfJbLb]lv dfq ;f] dlGb/ jh|of]lugLsf] dlGb/sf ¿kdf lrlgg yflnPsf] xf] eGg] syg 5 . ;f]xL u'F axfndf cjl:yt :joDe" r}Tol;t dfgb]jsf] syf klg hf]l8Psf] kfOG5 . t]>f], af}4 :t"k;+u csf{ lnR5jL /fhf lzjb]j -O{=;+= %()–^)$_ sf] gfd klg hf]l8Psf] pNn]v xfdL pgs} lznfn]vdf kfpF5f}F . pgn] ;f] :t"ksf] hL0ff]{4f/ u/]sf] x'g ;Sg] s'/f lznfn]vaf6 yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . cGttM !^ cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k'/ftfl™js k|ltj]bgdf ltJjtL hL0ff]{4f/s zfSof ;fª\kf]n] :t"kleq c+z'jdf{sf c:t'x¿ e]§fPsf] s'/f bfjLsf ;fy k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . x'gtM pkTosfsf ;a} k|frLg /fhfx¿nfO{ c+z'jdf{ -xf]P;]/ uf]5f_ sf ¿kdf lrgfpg] ltJjtL n]vsx¿sf] k|j[lt g} xf] . x'gtM af}4If]qsf] jl/kl/ s'g} lznfn]v cjz]ifx¿ e]l6Gg . t}klg :t"ksf] k"jL{ vf]kfdf s]xL ltly gePsf t/ cToGt} k|frLg x'g ;Sg] dGq s'l8Psf lznfx¿ e]l6Psf 5g\ . To:t} lznfn]v nueu !# cf}+ ztfJbL k'/fgf] dflgPsf b'O{6f lnR5jL z}nLdf lgld{t r}Tox¿df klg kfOPsf 5g\ . ;f] r}Tox¿ blIf0f lbzflt/ cjl:yt 5g\ . lgisif{df, :t"k lnR5jL sfnd} algPsf] xf] eGg] s'g} lnlvt jf e/kbf]{ k'/ftfl™js tyf u|Gy k|df0f e]l6Psf 5}gg\ . ;fy} o;sf] k|frLg O{ltxf; klg ;Dk"0f{¿kn] kf}/fl0fs b:tfj]hd} cfwfl/t ePsf x'Fbf lnlR5jLsfnLg Oltxf;sf w]/} k|df0fx¿n] ;f] :t"k lnR5jL sfndf algPsf] xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ v08g u5{g\ . af}4 :t"k;+u hf]l8Psf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] ltJjtL >f]t xf], l`ª\dfkfsf …lglw pkb]z t]df{_Ú . oxfF dggLo s'/f s] 5 eg] kb\d ;Dej sf] hLjg j[tfGt ePsf] !@ cf}+ ztfAbLsf] t]df{ -`ª\ u|n l`df xf]P;]/ ;fª\ lnª\ ªf_ df af}4 :t"knfO{ u'? kb\d ;Dej;+u ;DalGwt tLy{:ynsf ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5}g . cem Hof/f]ª\ vf:of]/ :t"ksf] lznfGof; ef/tsf] duw k|fGtdf ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/f To;df pNn]v 5 . t/ b'O{ ;o jif{ klg gljTb} 2

km]nf kfl/Psf] dxfu'? kb\d;Dejs} csf]{ hLjg j[tfGt -pUo]{g lnª\kfsf] k]df sf yfª\ z]n\ 8«fu\ df_ df eg] Hof/f]ª\ vf:of]/ nfO{ sf7df08f}d} cjl:yt ePsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;sf/0f, of] s'/f :ki6 5 ls af}4 :t"kl;t ltJjtL ;DaGw !$ cf}+ ztfAbLb]lv dfq /fd|f];+u ufFl;Psf] lyof] . oxfF rfvnfUbf] s'/f of] 5 ls !$ cf}+ ztfAbLdf ;'k|lz4 ltJjtL l;4 / ;]t' lgdf{tf yfª\ tf]ª\ UofNkf]n] af}4:t"ksf] e|d0f u/]sf lyP,:t"kdf pld|/fv]sf 3f; emf/kftx¿ cfkm"n] pv]n]sf] yfª\ tf]ª\ UofNkf]n] :d/0f u/]sf lyP eGg] egfO{ 5 . af}4 :t"ksf] pTklQ / Oltxf;sf ;DaGwdf :t"knfO{ g]jf/Lx¿n] /fv]sf] gfd vfl:t jf v;'ltsf] zAbJo'Tkltaf6 xfdLn] s]xL tYox¿ kfpg ;S5f}F . af}4 :t"kleq åfk/o'usf sfZok a'4sf] cl:ywft'x¿ /flvPsf] x'g ;Sg] sf]xL dflg;x¿sf] ljZjf; 5 . sf]xL eG5g\, g]jf/L zAb …v;'Ú af6} ;f] :t"ksf] gfdfs/0f ePsf] xf] . lbgdf eO/x]sf] :t"k lgdf{0fsfo{df ;f]xL …v;'Ú nfO{ lgrf]/]/ lgsfnL kfgLsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] eGg] logLx¿sf] egfO{ xf] . s;}sf] of] klg egfO{ /x]sf] 5 ls vf;f Tof] ltAatL u'?sf] gfd xf] h;sf c:t'x¿nfO{ :t"ksf] ue{leq /flvPsf 5g\ . jf af}4 :t"ksf] pTklQ g} jt{dfg g]kfnL–ltJjt ;Ldfkf/L cjl:yt ltJjtL ;x/ vf;f;+u hf]l8Psf] 5 eGg]x¿ klg kfOG5g\ . s'g} s'g}n] :t"knfO{ v; dNnx¿l;t ;DalGwt kf/]/ klg b]vfPsf 5g\ . v; dNn klZrd g]kfndf /fHo u/]sf af}4j+z g} dflgGYof] / elgG5 pgLx¿n] k6s k6s sf7df08f} pkTosfdf cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . Tof] a]nfb]lv af}4 :t"ksf] jf:tljs P]ltxfl;s clen]vx¿ b]lvg yfn]sf lyP eg]/ elgG5 . of] ljZjf; cln ;Defljt g} b]lvG5 . g]jf/L zAb …vfl:tÚ vftfsf] cke|+z ¿k xf] eg]/ ltJjtLx¿ bfjf u5{g\ . oxfF ltJjtL zAb …vftfÚ sf] cy{ …pTvgg ul/Psf]Ú xf] tbg';f/ logLx¿sf] ljZjf;df !^ cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ hL0ff]{4f/s ;fSof ;fª\kf]n] af}4df 7"nf] l9:sf] km]nf kf/] / To;df pTvgg\ u/]/ ;f] :t"k kQf nufPsf] eGg] ljZjf; ltJjtLx¿df /x]sf] kfOG5 jf ltJjtL zAb vf:of]/ s} cke|+z ¿k klg x'g ;S5 eGg] ltJjtL ljZjf; xf] . ªfs\5fª\ ;fSof ;fª\kf] ltAatsf] 5fª\ k|fGtl:yt 8«\ª\;f] e"lddf a:g] Ps l`ª\dfkf tflGqs u'? lyP . pgL !% cf}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{ / !^ cf}+ ztfAbLsf] k"jf{4 tfsfsf] JolQm lyP . elgG5, Psrf]l6 dWo ltAatdf cjl:yt ;fDo] 5f]vf]/ u'Dafsf] dflyNnf] tNnfdf /x]sf] k"hfsf]7fsf] k|blIf0ff ul//xFbf, pgnfO{ ;fIfft\ zfSod'lg a'4 k|s6 eP/ sf7df08f} pkTosf uP/ af}4 :t"ksf] pTvgg / hL0ff]{4f/ ug]{ cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . tbg';f/, pgL sf7df08f} pkTosf cfOk'u] . af}4 If]q jl/kl/ :t"ksf] df}lns 9fFrf ue{df /x]sf] l9:sf] kQf nufpg ;'?df s]xL sl7gfO{ ePtf klg ;fSof ;fª\kf]n] kl5 ;lx 7fpF kQf nufP, ToxL 7fpFdf pTvgg sfo{ ;'? ug{ yfn] . pTvgg ug]{ qmddf pgn] k'/fgf] :t"ksf] km]bdf dxf/fh c+z'jdf{sf cl:yx¿ km]nf kf/] elgG5 . ;f] cl:yx¿ k|;fbsf ¿kdf dflg;x¿nfO{ afFl8Psf lyP /] . pgn] ToxfF Pp6f kfgLsf] d'xfg klg km]nf kf/]sf lyP eGg] ljZjf; 5 . To;kl5 pgn] ToxfF 7"nf] :t"k cfs[ltsf] 9fFrf lgdf{0f u/] . clxn] af}4 :t"k h'g cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 zfob Tof] ;fSof ;fª\kf]s} lgdf{0f kl5 dfq x'g uPsf] 3

xf] eGg] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fSof ;fª\kf]nfO{ kb\d ;Dejs} lgdf{0fsfosf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . g]kfnsf] pQ/L e"efult/ /x]sf of]Ndf] -x]nDa'_, tfdfË / z]kf{sf lhNnfx¿df 6'Ns' jf lgdf{0fsfosf] k/Dk/fnfO{ ;"qkft ug]{ JolQm ;fSof ;fª\kf] g} lyP . pgsf] kbjL ªfs\5fª\ sf] cy{ dGqw/ xf] . ;f] kb l`ª\dfkfsf l;l4 k|fKt tflGqs of]uLx¿nfO{ lbOG5 . k|:t't u|Gy dxf:t"ksf] kf}/fl0fs j[tfGt (Legend of the Great Stupa) lglw pkb]z -t]df{_ af6 cg'jfb ul/Psf] xf] . ;f] lglw klg ;fSof ;fª\kf]n] g} !!÷!@ cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ ltAatsf] ;fDo] 5f]vf]/ u'Dafdf km]nf kf/]sf lyP . pQm j[QfGtdf eljiojf0fL ul/Psf] b'O{6f cWofo klg kfOG5 h;df u'? kb\d ;Dejn] kl5 :t"k hL0f{ x'g] / pko'Qm cfWoflTds of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf 6'Ns' cfO{ To;nfO{ hL0ff]{4f/ u/]/ a'4 wd{sf] k'ghfu/0f ug{df 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]5g\ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;df pNn]v ePsf] 6'Ns' ;fSof ;fª\kf] g} lyP / af}4 :t"ksf] hL0ff]{4f/ ul/;s]kl5 tfdfËx¿dfem of]Ndf] If]qdf af}4 k'ghf{u/0f ePsf] lyof] eGg] ljZjf; 5 . kl5 ;fSof ;fª\kf]sf] t]>f] lgdf{0fsfo 6'Ns'_ t]lGhg\ gf]j'{ n] ;fSof ;fª\kf]sf] s'/fnfO{ km}nfOlbPsf lyP . !^ cf}+ ztfAbLb]lv af}4 :t"ksf] ltJjtL k/Dk/fl;t Psbd 3lgi6 ;DaGw /lxcfPsf] b]lvG5 . t]lGhg gf]j'{sf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ klg ltJjtL ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglw:j¿k af}4 :t"k jl/kl/ a;f]jf; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . !& cf}+ b]lv !( cf}+ ztfAbL;Dd ;f] :t"k ltAats} clwsf/If]q h:tf] aGg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . :t"ksf] agfj6df of]Ndf] 6'Ns'x¿n] Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}{ s}of}+ hL0ff]{4f/ u/]sf lyP . Pltxfl;s dx™jsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] clxn] ;f] :t"knfO{ :joDe";+u} bfHg ;lsG5 lsgls af}4df klg w]/} ltAatL u'?x¿ cfP/ jGbgf u/]/ uP . ;g\ !^@( lt/ 5}+6f}+ :ofdf{kf klxnf] rf]l6 af}4df cfP/ k"hf u/]/ hfg'eof] . To;/L g} !&@# df t]¥xf}+ sfdf{kf cf7f}+ l;t' k~r]gsf ;fydf cfpg'ePsf] lyof] eg] ;g\ !^*) df ef/tsf] n8fvl:yt l:klt If]qaf6 Ps ;'k|l;4 sfl`ª\ of]uL /fª\l/s /]kf cfO{ :t"ksf] hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{nfO{ k|lti7f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To:t}, ;g\ !&$* df k"jL{o ltJjtsf] sftf]s k|fGtsf l`ª\df nfdf, sftf]s l/u\lhg\ 5]Gkf] 5]jfª\ gf]j'{n] klg hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{nfO{ k|lti7f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ !*!*÷!( lt/ k"jL{o ltJjtsf emf]s\5]g of]uL Zofa\sf/ 5f]s\b'|s x|fª\b|f]n cfˆgf] tLy{ofqfsf] bf}/fgdf sf7df08f} pkTosfdf klg cfPsf lyP . pgL lSo/f]ª\af6 ;Lw} oxfF cfP/ :joDe"df uPsf lyP . pgn] kfFr ;o rfFbLsf l;Ssfsf] abnfdf :joDe" :t"k k"/} t/n r"gsf] ld>0f -;Vjf_ kf]Tg nufO{ s]z/ klg r9fPsf lyP . ToxL+ pgn] u0frqm k"hf klg u/] . To;kl5 pgL af}4tkm{ nfu] . :joDe"df h:t} ^ ;o rfFbLsf l;Ssf lbP/ r"g / s]z/ lsgL af}4:t"kdf kf]Tg nufPsf lyP . sd{sf08 k"hfdf e};Lsf] aln lbg'sf] ;f6f] e};Lsf] Hofg arfPsf] syg pgsf] hLjg syfdf k9\g kfOG5 . af}4df klg pgn] dxfg u0frqm k"hf ;DkGg u/L w]/} £o" aQLx¿ afn]/ uP . pgn] g} :t"ksf] xfld{s ;'gsf] hnk nufOPsf] tfdfn] df]8]sf lyP . af}4sf] dxf:t"kdf pgsf] slt cIf'00f >4f lyof], ltAatdf af}4wd{sf] Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ x'g'df o;sf] kf}/fl0fs j[tfGtsf] dx™j slt lyof] eGg] s'/fsf] / lrtfPsf] k"0f{ ug{ ;Sg] o;sf] slt zlQm lyof] eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f lyof] 4

pgsf] Tof] sfo{ . :joDe" s}of}+ rf]l6 hL0ff]4f/ eO;Sbf klg af}4 Tolta]nf;Dd Psrf]l6 klg hL0ff]{4f/ gePsf] s'/f pgL ;DemGy] . ctM ;g\ !*@! df tTsfnLg uf]vf{nL /fhfsf dGqL sfhL led;]g yfkfsf] :jLs[lt lnP/ pgn] :t"ksf] uh'/nfO{ ;'gsf] hnk nfPsf] tfdfsf kqn] df]8]sf lyP . Zofa\sf/ l/Dkf]5]n] :t"k dfq hL0ff]{4f/ u/]gg\, t/ :t"k jl/kl/sf ;a} w/f]x/x¿ agfPsf] >]o pg}df hfG5 elgG5 . lgZro klg, !( cf}+ ztfAbL;Dd cfpFbf ;a} hfthfltsf ltAatLx¿sf nflu af}4 Ps 7"nf] tLy{ :yn g} aGg k'u] . !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf] cGTolt/ tLg zf}lvg o"/f]k]nL ofqLx¿ – u':tfe n] af]F -!*&^_, 8flgon /fO6 -!*&&_ / x]g cf]N8lkmN8 -!**)_ – n] af}4 :t"ksf] lrqx¿ sf]/]sf lyP . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] kl5Nnf] !( cf}+ ztfAbLlt/ af}4 :t"k /fd|} ;+u ;+/lIft cj:yfdf lyof] / ut zo jif{ leq klg gu0o¿kn] dfq km]/abn ePsf] b]lvG5 . tL tLghgfsf] lrqdWo] 8flgon /fO6n] sf]/]sf] :t"ksf] pQ/L efusf] lrq lgSs} cfsif{s b]lvG5 . :t"ksf] pQ/L efusf] klxnf] tx hxfF xfn b'O{6f ;–;fgf :t"kx¿ plePsf 5g\ ToQftkm{ pQm lrqdf xfdL lem+u6Ln] 5fP/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf xf]rf g]jf/L agf}6x¿ b]Vg ;S5f}F . :t"ksf] kfZj{efudf cjl:yt clhdf dlGb/sf] 5fgf] klg lem+u6Ln] g} 5fPsf] 5 . zfob To;a]nf b]lv Tof] dlGb/df klg hL0ff]{4f/x¿ eP xf]nfg\ . pgn] k|yd txdf b]vfPsf 306Lx¿ k|j]zåf/leqsf] k|fË0fdf ;fl/Psf 5g\ eg] r}Tox¿ k|fË0fs} k"j{df cjl:yt 5g\ hxfF clxn] df0f] Xnfvfª\ /x]sf] 5 . zfob k|fË0fsf] blIf0fL efusf] kvf{ng]/sf clxn]sf r}Tox¿ g} xf]nfg\ tL . klxnf] tx;Dd hfg] l;l9 klg xfnsf] eGbf ;fg} b]lvG5 lrqdf . ;g\ !(!*–!( df :joDe"sf] hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 Nxf;fdf ltAatL nfdf tf]s\8]g\ ;fSof >Låf/f hDdf kfl/Psf] /sd af}4sf] hL0ff]{4f/df vr{ ul/of] . hL0ff]{4f/k"j{ af}4:t"k lgSs} hL0f{ cj:yfdf lyof] eGg] rrf{ ltAatL >f]tx¿df kfOG5 . t/ To;df zfob w]/} g} a9fO{ r9fO{ u/]/ n]lvPsf] x'g'k5{ . Tof] a]nf uh'/ dd{tsf nflu xfld{sf k"/} vtx¿n] 5f]lkPsf] ToxL a]nf lvlrPsf t:jL/x¿n] b]vfFp5 . lgZrog} sf7sf df0f]x¿sf] 7fpFdf tfdfsf df0f]x¿ /flvPsf] b]lvG5 . hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{sf] ;dflKtk"j{ g} ;fSof >Lsf] ;g\ !(!( df d[To' eof] . t/ kl5 ltAatL 8'Skf sfUo" k/Dk/fsf pgsf 5f]/fx¿ / nf]kf]g\ ;f]gfd\ ;fª\kf]n] ;f] hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ k"/f u/]/} 5f8] . ;g\ !(!( b]lv :t"kdf clnslt dfq kl/jt{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !(#) df pQ/L efusf] kvf{nleq Pp6f b'O{tNn] /f0ffsfnLg 5fF6sf] agf}6 ag]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ !(^) lt/ cfP/ ;f] agf}6 cb[Zo eof] / To;sf] 7fpFdf ;g\ !(&) df df0f] Nxfvfª\sf] lgdf{0f ul/of] h'g cBflk ToxL+ 5 . :t"k jl/kl/ 78]sf O:kf6n] ag]sf em08f -n'ª\tf_ sf n¶fx¿ xfn;fn} dfq /flvPsf x'g\ / ltgsf] snfTds dxTj /x]sf] kfOG5 . af}4 :t"ksf] cfw'lgs Oltxf; lrlg nfdfsf] k/Dk/f;+u hf]l8Psf] 5 . tfOkf] l;ª\ gfd u/]sf klxnf] lrlg nfdf rLgsf] ;LRjfg k|fGtdf a:g] l`ª\dfkf nfdf lyP . pgL tLy{ofqfsf] bf}/fgdf g]kfn cfP/ af}4df a;f]jf; ug{ yfn] . ;g\ !*%# df rLlgof– uf]vf{nL o'4sf] ;dflKtkl5 tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] af}4df a;f]jf; 5

ul//x]sf lrlgof gful/snfO{ zflGt jftf{df bf]efif]sf] sfo{sf lgldQ b/af/df cfdGq0f u/]sf lyP . /f0ff k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ ;g\ !*@( df af}4sf] d7fWoIfsf] kb pgnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . ;fy} x]nDa'l:yt d]nfDrLsf u'7Lsf hUufx¿sf] /]vb]v ug]{ lhDdf klg pg}nfO{ ;'lDkOof] . pgL kl5 pgsf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf] ¿kdf ;g\ !**) df a'4 jh| cfP . a'4 jh| kl5 ;g\ !(@@ df t]>f] lrlg nfdf k"0f{ jh| -!**^– !(*@_ pQ/flwsf/L eP . /f0ffsfnsf] pQ/f4{;Dd bf]>f] tyf t]>f] lrlg nfdfsf] wfld{s / zf;sLo zlQm qmdzM j[l4 x'Fb} uO/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] tfsf af}4 Ps lsl;dn] clw/fHo leqsf] klg clw/fHo g} aGg k'u]sf] lyof] . g]kfn clw/fHosf nflu bnfO{ nfdfsf] b"tsf x}l;otn] klg lrlg nfdfx¿sf] clwsf/ a9]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(%! df ltAatnfO{ lrlgofx¿n] sAhf u/] nuQ} lrlg nfdfsf] zlQm klg qmdzM IfL0f x'Fb} uof] . Tolt dfq xf]Og !(^! ;fndf g]kfndf nfu" ePsf] ;'wf/ lgltn] af}4sf sltko cf>obfoL hUufhdLgx¿ clwu|x0f u/]sf] lyof] / kl5 g]kfndf k~rfot zf;g k4lt nfu" eof] . oL ;a}af6 t]>f] lrlg nfdf k'0o jh| PlSng k'u] . ;g\ !(*@ df k'0o jh|sf] d[To' ePkl5 af}4sf] d7fWoIfsf] zlQmdf lgs} 7"nf] ¥xf; cfpg yfn] . l`ª\dfkf of]uLsf ¿kdf lrlg nfdfx¿n] tfdfË / z]kf{ hfltsf cfOdfOx¿nfO{ zlQmsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . klxnf] lrlg nfdfn] h+uaxfb'/sf w]/} pk:qLx¿dWo] Pp6LnfO{ ljjfx u/]sf lyP . To;n] ubf{ tTsfnLg ;/sf/;+u j}jflxs ;DaGw ufFl;g k'Uof] . t]>f] lrlg nfdfsf] bL3f{o' / j}jflxs hLjgn] ubf{ pgsf kl/jf/ ;+Vofdf lgSs} lj:tf/ cfpg yfNof] . !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf] dWob]lv k'0o jh|sf] d[To' geP;Dd lrlg nfdfx¿n] af}4sf] wfld{s / ;fdflhs dx™jnfO{ cIf'00f /flv/fVg lgs} 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf lyP . af}4sf] d7fWoIfsf] x}l;otn] lrlg nfdfx¿ tfdfË ;+3 / af}4 £ofª\ u'7Lsf k|d'v h:t} lyP . af}4 :t"ksf eQmhgx¿ ldn]/ agfPsf] of] u'7Ldf :t"ksf] /]vb]v ug]{ k|zf;sLo c+u, / /Iffb]jL dftf clhdfsf] dlGb/df a:g] k'/f]lxtx¿ ;dflji6 lyP . u'7Lsf ;b:ox¿ lrlg nfdfs} ltAatL k/Dk/fsf lziox¿ lyP . clxn] ;Dd klg pgLx¿ ;f] u'7Lsf ;b:o g} x'g\ . x]nDa'l:yt d]nfDrL ufpFdf /x]sf] u'7Lsf hUufx¿ / skg jl/kl/ /x]sf hUufx¿ ;f] u'7Lsf d'Vo cfo >f]t lyof] . dftf clhdfsf] dlGb/df k"hf ug]{ clwsf/ g]jf/x¿n] klg kfPsf 5g\ . af}4 u'7Lsf] lxGb'x¿l;t ;DaGw P]ltxfl;s b[li6sf]0fn] c:ki6 ePtfklg xfdLnfO{ s] hfgsf/L 5 eg] t]>f] lrlg nfdfsf] d7fWoIf sfndf dftf clhdfnfO{ r9fpb} cfPsf] kz'aln Zofa\sf/ l/Dkf]5]n] aGb ul/lbPsf lyP . t]>f] lrlg nfdfsf] d[To'kZrft, ;f] If]qsf] wfld{s / zf;sLo zlQm jxg ug]{ JolQmsf] l/Qmtf /Xof] / To;kl5b]lv :t"knfO{ x]g]{ / lgodg ug]{ lhDdf u'7Ln] g} ;DxfNg yfn] . ;f] u'7Lsf ;b:ox¿ t]>f] lrlg nfdfs} j+zsf ;Gtfg / cf;kf;df a;f]jf; ug]{ tfdfË lziox¿sf kl/jf/ lyP . af}4df g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] pkl:yltsf] s'/f ubf{, ;f] If]qdf s]jn rfFlbsf] Joj;fo ug]{ / ofqL / ko{6sLo ahf/ vf]Hb} cfPsf s]xL g]jf/L Jofkf/Lx¿ a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

6

:t"ksf] lgdf{0f tyf k|lti7f lgDglnlvt u|Gy ltAatL efiffaf6 cg'jfb ul/Psf] xf] . af}4 :t"ksf] lgdf{0f / c¿ ;DalGwt kf}/fl0fs j[tfGt;+u ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ To;df kfpg ;lsG5 . u|Gysf] zLif{s >j0fd'lQm -yf] 8«f]n 5]g\kf]_ /x]sf] 5 Ù af}4 :t"ksf] O{ltxf; sf n]vs kb\d ;DejnfO{ g} dflgG5 / s'g} 7fpFdf o;nfO{ dxf:t"ksf] kf}/fl0fs j[tfGt eg]/ klg cg'jfb ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . u|Gysf zAb tyf 9fFrf ;a} P]ltxfl;s -pQ/f4{ cf7f}+ ztfAbL_ g} 5g\ . k|fSsyg / e"ldsf afx]s u|Gysf ;Dk"0f{ cË tTsfnLg ltAatL /fhf l7« ;f]ª\ 8] 5]gåf/f u'? kb\d ;DejnfO{ af}4 :t"k ;DaGwL ul/Psf] k|Zg / kb\d ;Dejsf pQ/x¿n] g} el/k"0f{ 5 . u|Gydf pNn]lvt cGo JolQmx¿ h:t} dGqLx¿ OToflbx¿ ;a} klg P]ltxfl;s kfq g} x'g\ . o; jftf{nfknfO{ u'? kb\d ;Dejsf zlQm o]z] 5f]Uofnn] clen]vLs/0f ul//fv]sf] lyOg\ eGg] s'/f a'lemG5 / ;f] u|Gy kl5 dWo ltAatl:yt ;fDo] u'Dafdf t]df{sf] ¿kdf n'sfOPsf] lyof] . kfbn]vdf :ki6 ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 ls ;f] u|GynfO{ sfnfGt/df km]nf kf/]/ k|ltlnlk ptfl/;s]kl5 km]l/ n'sfOg]5 / s]xL ztfAbLkl5 Psrf]l6 km]l/ km]nf kfl/g]5 . tn lbOPsf] s'/f ltAatL d"nsf] x'ax' cg'jfb xf] . l6Kk0fL, :t"kl;t ;DalGwt s]xL P]ltxfl;s / s]xL kf}/fl0fs s'/fx¿sf] cWoog, o;sf] hL0ff]{4f/l;t ;DalGwt k[i7e"ld / ljleGg ;DalGwt tYox¿ ;+ufn]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] lj:t[t s[lt lgs6 eljiod} cfpg]5 .

P df xf], ckl/ldt cfef ePsf wd{sfo:j¿k cldtfe tyfutdf dxf sf?l0fs ;Def]usfo:j¿k cjnf]lst]Zj/df kb\daf6 pTkGg ePsf lgdf{0fsfo:j¿k kb\d;Dejdf / lqsfo;DkGg k/Dk/fsf u'?x¿df d]/f] b08jt . of] af}4 dxf:t"ksf] Oltxf; xf] . / ;f] :t"k bz lbzfsf / ltg sfnsf a'4 af]lw;™jx¿ sf] lrQaf6 cleGg wd{sfosf] s]Gb|ljGb' xf] . k'?if clUg afb/ jif{, ;ftf} dlxgfsf] bzf}+ lbgdf, kn\ ;fDo] ldUo'/ Nx'g\ UoL 9'j u'Daf -;fDo] u'Daf_ sf] aLrsf] tNnfdf a;L pUo]g l/Dkf]5]n] wd{/fh / kRrL; lziox¿nfO{ …u'? Åbo u'XoÚ gfds cleif]s lbFb}x'g'x'GYof] . gf} j6f 6lsofx¿ Psdfly csf]{ u/L 7

vK6\ofOP/ /flvPsf] cf;gdf u'?nfO{ lj/fhdfg u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;'gsf] kGo"n] u'?sf] kfqdf dB vGofOb} ul/Psf] lyof] / y/L y/Lsf ;f+;fl/s vfBj:t'x¿ klg r9fOPsf] lyof] . logsf ;fy}, PSsfO; uf]6f o"F -logdWo] d'Vo rflx /fhfn] unfdf nufpg] u/]sf] k|ef k|bLk gfd u/]sf] o"F lyof]_, kfFr vn ;'gsf] w"nf], ;ftj6f ;'gf}nf >LjT; ufF7fx¿, ;of}+ d'7f clt pTs[i6 /]zd sk8fx¿ sf ;fy} cgluGtL cGo j:t'x¿ klg r9fOPsf lyP . /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]gn] To;kl5 xhf/f}+ k6s u'?nfO{ b08jt u/L o;/L ;Daf]wg u/] M æef] k/d u'?, d hlGdPsf] 7fpF /ftf cg'xf/ ePsf ltAatLx¿sf] c;Eo e"ld ePtfklg, d}n] a+ufn ;fxf]/ e"lddf kl08tsf] ¿kdf k|s6 x'g'ePsf / pUo]g -:jf6 pkTosf_ sf jh| u'?sf] ¿kdf k|s6 x'g'ePsf b'O{ lgdf{0fsfox¿ qmdzM zfGt/lIft / kb\d;DejnfO{ oxfF cfdGq0f ug{ ;kmn ePF . cfkm"n] afrf u/]adf]lhd, k'0ofh{g ug]{ s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf / lq/TgnfO{ lgjf; u/fpgsf] nflu d}n] blIf0fL dxfåLk hDa'åLkd} clåtLo ;fDo] dxfljxf/sf] lgdf{0f ug{ nufPF . To;kl5 h'g 7fpF klxn] cGwsf/do c;Do e"ldsf ¿kdf lrlgGYof], ToxL 7fpFdf lq/Tgsf pkb]zx¿ o;/L km}lnP h;/L ;"o{sf ls/0f lxpFn] 9fs]sf lxdfndfly k5{ . x'Fbf x'Fb} ltAat clxn] cfP/ duw h:t} s]Gb|Lo e"ld aGg k'u]sf] 5. d / d]/f ;fyLx¿ s;/L sfZok a'4sf] ;dodf sf7df08f} pkTosfsf] d'ut eGg] If]qdf Pp6L b/Lb| kz'x¿ kfNg] cfO{dfO{sf k'qx¿ eP/ hlGdP eg]/ tkfO{+n] atfpg'eof] . ;fy} s;/L xfdLn] Tof] a]nf af}4 :t"k lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ cfˆgf] sfFwdf lnP/ k|l0fwfg u¥of}F . ;f]xL k|l0fwfgn] ubf{ cfh o; cTo'Qd o'udf xfdL ;a} ;™jx¿n] wdf{Eof;df nfUg] ;'j0f{ cj;/ k|fKt ul//fv]sf 5f}F . oL ;a s'/f klg tkfO{+n] atfpg'eof] . ca, xfdLnfO{ >4f, / ljZjf; / k|l0flw ;DkGg u/fpg, s[kof ;f] :t"k s;/L lgdf{0f eof] / s;/L k|l0fwfgx¿ ul/P ;xL ;xL¿kdf lj:t[t ljj/0fsf ;fy atfOlbg'xf];\ . To;kl5 dxfu'?n] hjfkm lbg'eof], æTo;f] eP /fd|f]l;t ;'g / d h] atfpg uO/fv]sf] 5' /fd|f] l;t ;lDem/fVg" .Æ cgluGt, c;+Vo sNk cufl8sf] s'g} ;dodf af]lw;™j dxf;™j cfo{ cjnf]lst]Zj/ tyfut cldtfesf] ;fd' cfkm"n] ;+;f/sf] wfkaf6 ;a} ;™jx¿nfO{ tfg{ ;s"F eg]/ k|fy{gf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . klxn]g} cgluGtL ;™jx¿nfO{ ej;fu/af6 tfg{ ;kmn eO;s]sf af]lw;™j cjnf]lst]Zj/ kf]6n kj{t/fhsf] lzv/df k'Ug'eof] . ca t tfg{ afsL Pshgf ;™j klg z]if /x]g eG7fGb} pxfFn] k"/} if8ultnfO{ lg¿k0f u/]/ x]g'{eof] . t/ k|f0fLx¿sf] ;+Vof t clnslt klg 36]sf] /x]g5, To;sf] pN6f] 5\ofª\ agfpFbf lkmh lg:s]/ tn kf]lvP em}F emg emg a9]sf] a9o} lyP ;™jx¿ . oL ;a b]Vbf ca ;™jx¿sf] p4f/ ug]{ sfo{ d]/f] IfdtfeGbf aflx/ kf] x'g] xf] ls eGg] lxgtfaf]wk"0f{ ;f]+rfO{n] cf]tk|f]t eP/ pxfFsf cfFvfaf6 cgfofz b'O{ yf]kf cfF;' lg:s] . af]lw;™jn] b'j} xftsf sfG5L cf}nfn] cfF;' l6k]/ 8

of] b'O{ yf]kf cf;' klg k/sNof0fsf] nflu pkof]uL ag'g\ egL k|fygf ub}{ To;nfO{ xfjfdf 5ls{lbg'eof] . o;sf] kmn:j¿k qfolq+z b]je'jgdf b]j/fh OGb|sL kTgLsf] sf]vaf6 b'O{ k'qLx¿sf] hGd eof] . pgLx¿ ufª\ df / ufª\ r'ª\df gfd u/]sf cK;/fx¿ lyP . b]jtfx¿sf km'n rf]/]/ ufª\ r'ª\dfn] b}jL sfg"gsf] pn+3g ul/g\ / ;hfFo:j¿k pgL dg'io nf]sdf ktg eOg\ . pgL g]jf/x¿sf] e"ld -sf7df08f} pkTosf_ df cjl:yt du't eGg] If]qdf 8] rf]u\ df eGg] s]6L eP/ hlGdOg\ . pgsf lktfsf] gfd ;fn\ jf lyof] / dftfsf] gfd k"0ff{ lyof] . b'j} kz'kfns lyP . 8] rf]u\ dfn] klg s'v'/f kfng Joj;foaf6} cfˆgf] hLjg wfGg yflng\ . tNnf hftsf rf/hgf dflg;x¿l;t zfl/l/s ;DaGw /fv]/ pgn] rf/ 5f]/fx¿ hGdfPsL lyOg\ . tL rf/ tNnf hftsf dflg;x¿ qmdzM 3f]8f, ;'+u'/, s's'/ / s'v'/f kfns lyP . t}klg cfkm"n] sdfPsf k};f arfP/ pgL PSn}n] tL rf/}hgfaf6 k|fKt 5f]/fx¿nfO{ /fd|/L kfng kf]if0f u/L pgLx¿nfO{ cf–cfˆg} 3/df cf/fdbfoLk"j{s hLjg ofkg ug{ ;Sg] t'NofO{lbOg\ . To;kl5 pgn] km]l/ k}zf hDdf kfl/g\ / ar]sf s]xL k}zfn] pgL cGttM s]xL d'Nojfg j:t'x¿ lsGg ;kmn eO{g\ . To;kl5 tL rf/hgf ;Gtfgsf cfdf o:tf] ;f]+Rg k'lug\ M s'v'/f kfng Joj;foaf6 cfPsf] k}zf hDdf u/]/ d]/f 5f]/fx¿nfO{ x'sf{P/ /fd|f] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg d ;kmn ePsf] 5' . ca d}n] ar]sf k}zfaf6 lsg]sf j:t'x¿sf] ;b'kof]u ug'{k5{ h;n] ubf{ tL ;a}sf nflu ;fFRr} nfebfos jf lxtsf/L aGg]5g\ . ca d}n] Pp6f :t"k agfpg'k5{ . ;a} a'4sf lrQ jf wd{sfosf] s]Gb|:j¿k, c;+Vo ;™jx¿sf nflu k'0o;+ef/ ug]{ If]q / d]/f] JolQmut O{i6b]j:j¿k ;f] :t"ksf] ue{leq ;'utx¿sf cl:ywft'x¿ /xg]5g\ . of] sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg ug{, klxn] d /fhfnfO{ e]6]/ ;f] sfo{sf nflu s]xL hUuf hdLg pknAw u/fO{lbg';\ egL ljlGt r9fpg]5' . o:tf] dxfg ;f]+rfO{ lnP/ /fhfsxfF uP/ pgn] b08jt u/Lg\ . /fhfnfO{ k|blIf0f ul/;s]kl5 pQm cfO{dfO{ 3'F8f 6]s]/ b'j} xft hf]8L /fhf;fd' o:tf] ljgd| ljlGt r9fOg\, …dxf/fh, d Ps b/Lb| s'v'/f kfng Joj;fo ug]{ cfO{dfO{ x'F . ;f]xL k]zfaf6 cln cln ub}{ k}zf hDdf kf/L d PSn}n] d]/f rf/ 5f]/fx¿nfO{ x'sf{P a9fP . d]/f x/]s ;Gtfgsf lktf cnu cnu x'g\ . To;kl5 d}n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆg} 3/df cf/fdk"j{s hLjg u'hfg{ ;Sg] ;Dd agfOlbg ;s]sL 5' . To;/L g} cfkm"n] sdfPsf s]xL k}zfaf6 d}n] ljleGg d'Nojfg ;DklQx¿ hf]8\g ;kmn ePF . ca d xh'/;fd' s] ljlGt rfxG5' eg] dnfO{ Pp6f :t"ksf] lgdf{0f ug{ lbOaS:of];\ . Tof] :t"k d]/f] O{i6 b]j x'g]5 / c;+Vo ;™jx¿sf nflu k'0oIf]q aGg'sf ;fy} ;a} a'4x¿sf] lrQ:j¿kL x'g]5 . ;f] :t"ksf] ue{leq tyfutsf cl:ywft'x¿ /xg]5g\ . x'gt, /fhf xtf/df lg0f{o lng rfxGgy], t;y{, tL cfO{dfO{nfO{ t'?Gt} hjfkm lbg'sf] ;f6f] /fhf t ulx/f] ;f]+rdf 8'a] . Pp6L b/Lb| s'v'/f kfn]/ u'hf/f rnfpg] cfO{dfO{n] cln cln ub}{ k}zf arfP/ cfˆgf rf/}hgf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ PSn}n] x'sf{P/ 7Ls 7fpFdf k'¥ofpg ;kmn eOg\, / Toltdfq xf]Og cfkm"n] arfPs} k}zfn] dxf:t"k agfpg] h:tf] dxfg sfo{ 9

ug{ ;Dd tlD;PsL l5g\ cxf] s:tf] cfZro{ eGb} /fhfn] 3f]/ cfZro{ klg k|s6 u/] . ToxL sf/0fn] /fhfn] o:tf] eGb} cfˆgf] cg'dlt lbP, …7Ls 5, ltdL h] ug{ vf]Hb}5f}, Tof] sfo{ cufl8 a9fP x'G5, ltdLnfO{ cg'dlt 5 .Ú /fhfaf6 :jLs[Qf]lQm kfpgf;fy tL cfO{dfO{ cToGt} v';L / k|km'Nn eOg\ / Psrf]l6 km]l/ /fhfnfO{ b08jt, s}of}+ rf]l6 k|blIf0ff u/L cfˆgf] 3/tkm{ nflug\ . tL cfO{dfO{ / pgsf 5f]/fx¿ ldn]/ Pp6f xfQL / Pp6f u3f lsGg ;kmn eP . Tof] xfQL / uwfdfly Pp6f sfd ug]{ gf]s/sf] ;xfotfn] df6f] / O{6f /fv]/ cf];fb}{ pgLx¿n] /fhfaf6 k|fKt hdLgdf :t"ksf] nflu lznfGof; u/] / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'?jft klg u/] . o;/L lgdf{0fsfo{ ;'rf?¿kn] cl3 a9\g yfNof] . Pj+/Ltn] :t"ksf] tNnf] efusf] t]>f] txsf] lgdf{0f ;'? x'g dfq s] nfu]sf] lyof], Tof] 7fpFsf dflg;x¿df ljleGg v}nfa}nf dlRrg yfNof] . pgLx¿n] cfkm" cfkm"d} k|Zg ug{ yfn], olb o:tf] hfaf] s'v'/f kfn]/ vfg] cfO{dfO{nfO{ oqf] 7"nf] :t"k agfpg lbOof] eg] xfdL o; 7fpFsf /fhf, dGqL, wgf9o / u0odfGo JolQmx¿n] rflxF s:tf] :t"k agfpg] < of] sfo{n] ubf{ ;a}hgf a]OHht x'g k'Ug]5 / 3ftsl;4 x'g]5 egL ;a}n] 7fg] . t;y{ pgLx¿n] ;f] s'/fnfO{ /fhf;dIf nu]/ k]z ug]{ / lgdf{0fsfo{ tTsfn /f]Sgsf] nflu ;'emfj lbg] lg0f{o u/] . ToxL p2]Zon] ;a} /fhfnfO{ e]6\g uP / ;a}n] o:tf] ;Daf]wg u/], …x] dxf/fh, xh'/af6 Pp6f 7"nf] uNtL x'g k'Uof] . o:tL b/Lb| s'v/' f kfn]/ u'hf/f rnfpg] cfO{dfO{ PSn}nfO{ o:tf] 7"nf] :t"k lgdf{0f ug{ lbOof] eg] xh'/ dxf/fh, xfdL dGqL, wgf9\o ju{h:tf k|efjzfnL JolQmx¿sf nflu t 7"nf] r'gf}lt ;flat x'g] eof], xfdLn] t emg :t"k agfpFbf tL cfO{dfO{sf] sfo{nfO{ tNnf] :t/sf] b]vfpg sqf] 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' kg]{ xf]nf < olb xh'/n] lgdf{0fsfo{nfO{ hf/L /flvaS:of] eg] xfdL ;a}sf nflu ;f] sfo{ 3fts l;4 x'g]5 . To;}n] xfd|f] nflu /fd|f] pkfo oxL x'g]5 ls ;a} lgdf{0f ;fdu|LnfO{ hxfFaf6 NofOPsf x'g\ ToxL nluk'¥ofpg tL cfO{dfO{nfO{ cfb]z lbcf}F / lgdf{0fsfo{nfO{ oxL /f]Sg nufcf}F .Ú t/ /fhfn] o:tf] hjfkm lbP, …ltdLx¿ ;a}n] d]/f] s'/f ;'g Û tL PSnL cfO{dfO{, tL b/Lb| cfO{dfO{ PSn}n] cfkm"n] sdfPsf k}zfn] cfˆgf rf/ rf/ hgf 5f]/fnfO{ kfn]/ b]vfO{g, Tolt dfq geP/ Toqf] 7"nf] :t"k agfpg] k|:tfj ;d]t /fv]sf]n] d t tLg5Ss k/]F . To;}n] o:tf] uNtL x'gk'u]sf] xf] . To;}n] ubf{, cgfofz d]/f] d'vaf6, …ltdLnfO{ cg'dlt 5, lgdf{0f ug{ yfn] x'G5Ú eGg] zAbx¿ lgl:sxfn] . ca s] ug]{, /fhfsf] arg clGtd x'g]u5{ To;}n] To;nfO{ abNg ;lsGg .Ú o;/L dflg;x¿n] lgdf{0fsfo{ /f]Sg] k|ofz u/]tfklg, :t"k t aGb} uof] . / oxL sf/0fn] xf]nf :t"k …jfs e|dÚ sf] gfdn] klg lrlgg yfn] . :t"k lgdf{0f sfo{ qmdzM u|Lid / lxpb ofd x'Fb} jif{e/L g} hf/L /Xof] . Pj+ /Ltn] rf/ jif{ ljlt;Sbf pgLx¿n] :t"ksf] cw{uf]nfsf/ ue{;Ddsf] sfd l;4\ofP . Tolta]nf 8] 5f]u\ dfnfO{ cfˆgf] t'?Gt} d[To' x'g] s'/fsf] cfef; x'g yfNof] . t;y{ pgn] cfˆgf rf/}hgf 5f]/fx¿ / gf]s/nfO{ 8fs]/ o:tf] cfb]z lbOg\, …ltdLx¿n] of] sfo{ l;4\ofpg}k5{ . of] d]/f] lglh Oi6b]jtf x'g\, c;+Vo ;™jx¿sf k'0o If]q cg'Q/ :t"k xf] . o;sf] ue{u[xleq ltdLx¿n] tyfutx¿sf s]xL cl:ywft'x¿ /fvL Psbd eJo k|lti7f ljlw ;DkGg ug"{ . To;f] u¥of} eg] ltdLx¿n] d]/f] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg]{5f}, lqsfnsf a'4x¿nfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg]{5f} 10

/ ltdLx¿sf o; h'gL / csf]{ h'gLx¿df klg s]xL ;fy{s s'/f u/]/ hfg]5f} .Ú o:tf] clt{ lbP/ pgn] b]xTofu ul/g\ . Tof] a]nf ljleGg lsl;dsf lbJo zAbx¿ ;'lgPsf lyP, ;+uLtdo jftf/j/0fsf] ;fy;fy} lbJo k'ikx¿sf] j[li6 eof] / cfsfzdf O{Gb|]0fLsf] k|efd08n b]vfk¥of] . oxL dxf:t"k lgdf{0f u/]sf] k'0on] ubf{ 8]5f]u\ df af]lw nfe u/L ;+j/ b]jL k|f df] x sf] gfdn] kl/lrt x'gyflng\ . 5f]/fx¿n] Ps cfk;df cfˆgL cfdfsf s'/fsf] af/] lj:t[t ljrf/ljd{z u/] . Pshgfn] eGof], æxfd|L cfdf s'v'/f kfNg] gLr s'ndf hlGdPtfklg cnu cnu lktf ePsf xfdL rf/}hgf ;GtfgnfO{ x'sf{O{ a9fO{ cf/fdk"j{s /xg ;Sg] agfOlbg'eof] . ca olb pxfFn] arfPsf k}zfn] Ps eAo :t"k h;sf] a/fa/L s'g} klg :t"kn] ug{ g;sf];\, To:tf] :t"k agfof}F eg] pxfFsf pksf/sf] abnf r'sfpg]5f}F . xfd|L cfdfsf] of] :t"kdf ca xfdLn] cw{uf]nfsf/ ue{ yKg] sfd ug}{k5{ . cfkm" cfkm"aLr cfk;L ;xdlt ePklt 5f]/fx¿n] klxn] h:t} nugsf ;fy sfd ug{ tlD;P . klxn] h:t} xftL / uwfdf /fv]/ O6fx¿ lgdf{0f:yn;Dd cf];f{g yfn] . pgLx¿nfO{ ;3fpgsf nflu Ps hgf dfq sfdbf/ lyof] / pxL sfdbfgsf] e/df pgLx¿n] Tof] afFsL sfd tLg jif{leq l;WofP . o;/L :t"k lgdf{0fsf] s/Lj s/Lj ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;ft jif{ leq l;WofP/ 5f8] . To;kl5 Ps dfuwL kl/df0f a/fa/sf sfZok a'4sf zfl//Ls c:t'x¿ pgLx¿ Nofpg ;kmn eP . tL c:t'x¿ :t"ksf] ol:tbf?leq /flvP . tTkZrft\ pgLx¿n] c;+Vo k"hf e]6Lx¿sf] aGbf]j:t u/L /fd|/L ;hfP/ /fv] . k|lti7fsf] ;dodf cfsfzdf k'ik kmfn]sf a]nf bz} lbzfsf a'4 af]lw;™j tyf c;+Vo cx{tx¿sf ;fydf sfZok a'4 / pxfFsf ;Dk"0f{ u0f ;lxt pgLx¿sf] jl/kl/ b]vfkg{ yfn] . o;sf ;fy}, k~r tyfut, lqs'n gfyx¿, / zfGt / qmf]w b]jtfx¿ ;a} olt c;+Vo ;+Vofdf ToxfF cgfof; pTkGg eP dfgf} xf8Ldf ltnsf c;+Vo ltnsf u]8fx¿ k8\s]h:t} g} . ;a}n] k'ik j[li6 ub}{ d+unsf/L zAbx¿ pRrf/0f ub}{ lyP . lbJo ;+uLtsf] k|ltWjlg ;+u} cfsfzaf6 lbJo k'ikj[li6 klg eP . htftt} lbJo w"ksf] uGw JofKt lyof] . k[YjL klg tLgkN6 sDkodfg eof] / ToxfF e]nf ePsf c;+Vo tyfutsf sfox¿af6 k|1f Hof]lt pTkGg eof] . kfFr lbg;Dd t oL ;a} 36gf ;kgfdf eO/fv]sf] xf] ls ljkgfdf 7Dofpg} s7Lg lyof] . ‰of/f]ª\ vf:of]/ sf] Oltxf;cGtu{t lgdf{0f / k|lti7f -lgdf{0f ug{ yfn] x'G5Ù jfs uNtL, af}4sf] :t"k_ zLif{ssf] klxnf] kl/R5]b oxL xf] . ;do, Uof, Uof, Uof -Olt ;dfKtd\, d'b|f+lstd\_

11

eljiojf0fL tyf k|fy{gf -k|l0fwfg_x¿ km]l/ /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]g\n] ;f]Wg'eof], ædxfu'? Û Hof/f]ª\ vf :of]/ -af}4_sf] Tof] ljzfn tyf cfZro{nfUbf] :t"ksf] cufl8 s] s:tf k|l0fwfgx¿ ul/P / tL s;/L k"/f eP s[kof xfdLnfO{ ;lj:tf/ atfOlbg'xf];\ .Æ hjfkmdf dxfu'?n] o;/L eGg'eof], æ;'g x] zlQmzfnL /fhf Û k|lti7fsf km"nx¿ :t"kdf ck{0f ul/Fb} lyP / ljleGg dxfg\ lgldQ / ;+s]tx¿ :jo+ k|s6 eO/fv]sf lyP . ToxL a]nf ToxfF pkl:yt cgluGtL a'4 tyf af]lw;™jx¿n] Ps} :j/df Ps};fy o;/L ;Daf]wg ug'{eof], æ;'g, ;f}efUozfnL s'nk'qx¿ Û ltdLx¿sf] cfzo ljz'4 /x]5 . o;}n] ubf{, ltdLx¿n] h'g wd{sfo{:j?k, lqsfna'4sf lrQ:j¿k dxf:t"k lgdf{0f u¥of}, Tof] lxtsf/L ;fljt x'g]5 . t;y{ ltdLx¿n] clxn] h] h] k|l0fwfg u5f}{ ;a} k"/f x'g]5 .Ú To;kl5 cfˆgL a'9L cfdfn] clt g} 7"nf] cWofzo / km/flsnf] b[li6 lnP/ :t"ksf] hu lgdf{0f ul/g OToflb ;a} :d/0f u/]/ 5f]/fx¿n] Ps cfkzdf Jofks 5nkmn u/] . clxn] cfdfsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 / cfdfn] klxn] g} agfP/ uPsf] :t"kdf ue{u[x /fVg] sfd / k|lti7f ug]{ sfd 5f]/fx¿af6 g} ePsf] xf] . zfob o;}n] ubf{ xf]nf bz} lbzfsf ;a} a'4 / af]lw;™jx¿n] k|s6 eP/ cf–cfˆgf] pkl:ylt hgfpg'eof] / h] h] k|l0fwfg ul/G5 ;a} k"/f x'g]5 egL hfgsf/L klg lbg'eof] . o;/L 5nkmnsf] cGtdf 5f]/fx¿aLrdf c;+ls0f{ lrQn] :t"k cufl8 k|l0fwfg ug]{ eGg] s'/fdf ;j{;Ddt lg0f{o eof] . ;a}eGbf h]7f] 5f]/f 3f]8f kfng Joj;fodf nfu]sf lyP . pgn] oyf;+ej cfkm"nfO{ km/flsnf] lrQn] o'Qm kfg]{ ;+sNk u/] . Tolta]nf, o; pQ/L e"ld -ltAat_ nfO{ …b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"ldÚ eGg] rng lyof] . ;a} kxf8x¿ lxpF g} lxpFn] 9flsPsf lyP . ;a} tNnf] e"ld hndf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf lyP . udL{ ofddf of] e"ld y'k|} hn k+IfLx¿sf nflu jf;:yfg aGYof] eg] lxpFbsf] ;dodf lxpFsf kqx¿n] ubf{ k"/} e"ld ;]tfDo x'GYof] . t/klg oxfFsf] kfgL lj:tf/} 36\b} hfg]5 / zfSod'lg a'4sf] ;f;gdf of] e"ld cfo{ cjnf]lst]Zj/ af]lw;™jsf nflu rof{If]q aGg]5 / a'4sf pkb]z o; e"lddf Jofks¿kn] km:6fpg]5 eGg] eljiojf0fL klg ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} eljiojf0fLnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL, Tof] h]7f] 5f]/f]n] o;/L k|l0fwfg u/]sf lyP, …ltAatdf a'4 wd{ :yfkg ug]{ JolQm d} aGg ;s"F . :t"kdf ue{u[x yk]/ h'g k'0o cfh{g u/]sf] 5' d}n] To;n] ubf{ d k~r siffosf] o'udf, zfSod'lgsf] a'4zf;gdf To; …b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"ldÚ df hlGdg ;s"F . ToxfF, Ps dxfg /fhf ag] wd{sf] nflu ;3if{zLn eO{ zfSod'lg a'4sf] b'n{e pkb]znfO{ k|lti7flkt ug{df cfˆgf] ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;s"F .Ú To;kl5 s'v/f kfNg] 5f]/fsf] kfnf] cfof] . pgn] o;/L k|l0fwfg u/], …d]/L cfdfsf] :t"kdf ue{u[x yk]sf] k'0on] d]/f oL tLg bfh'x¿n] b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"lddf hGd lnpg\ . Pshgfn] a'4sf] pkb]znfO{ :yflkt u¿g\, csf{]n] To;nfO{ oyfjt\¿kn] sfod /fv'g\ / t]>f]n] To;nfO{ ;+/If0f k|bfg u?g\ . tL ;a elgPtfklg, logLx¿ sxfF sxfF hlGdg] x'g\ 12

Tof] s'/fsf] lglZrt 5}g, To;}n] d Ps /fhsLo b"tsf] ¿kdf hGd lng ;s"F . / To; x}l;otn] d}n] g} oL ltg}hgfnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf Nofpg] sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;Gb]zx¿ cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;s"F .Ú To;kl5 ;a} a'4 / af]lw;™jx¿n] Ps};fy Ps} :j/n] eGg'eof], …s'nk'qx¿, ;™jf]Qd, ltdLx¿sf ljzfn Åbon] u/]sf k|l0fwfgx¿ cTo'Qd 5g\ . ;a} a'4x¿n] ltgdf cg'df]bg ub{5g\ . ltdLx¿n] pTkfb u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ k'0o;+ef/sf] u0fgf lqsfnsf a'4x¿åf/f klg x'g ;lsGg .Ú To;kl5 ;a} lqsfnsf a'4 tyf af]lw;™jx¿ Pp6} Hof]lt / /ZdL lk08df Pss[t eP/ dxf:t"kleq ljlng eP/ uP . o;} sf/0fn] ubf{ of] :t"k ;j{a'4fTds :t"k eGg] gfdn] klg lrlgof] . of] ;a eO/xFbf, 3f]8f kfNg]sf] 5f]/fnfO{ cl/Fufnn] 6f]Sof] . pgnfO{ c;Xo kL8f x'g yfNof] . Tof] kL8f ;xg g;sL pgn] ls/fnfO{ xftn] k~5fpg vf]Hbf ls/f ToxL d¥of] . cfkm"n] u/]sf] sd{sf sf/0f pgnfO{ 7"nf] ;Gtfk x'gyfNof] / Tof] cl/Fufndfly 7"nf] s?0ff /fvL pgn] csf]{ Pp6f k|l0fwfg klg u/], …b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"lddf d wd{sf] /Iff ug]{ /fhfsf] ¿kdf hlGd;s]kl5, of] k|f0fLn] klg wd{nfO{ a'‰g] / cEof; ug]{ d]/} 5f]/f] eP/ hGd lncf];\ . uwfn] klg s] ;f]+r]5 eg] olb p;n] klg k|l0fwfg u/]sf] v08df, Tof] cjZo klg k"/f x'g]5 . t/ s] sf nflu k|l0fwfg ug]{ / s'g} ;fy{s s'/f ;f]+Rg] uwfsf] Ifdtf eGbf jflx/ k¥of] . To;}n] cToGt} xtf]T;flxt eP/ p;n] o:tf] k|l0fwfg ug{ k'Uof], …ha h]7f] bfh' b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"lddf a'4 wd{sf] ;+/Ifs tyf k|lti7fkssf] ¿kdf hlGdg]5g\, d /fhfs} d'Vo dGqLx¿dWo] Ps eP/ hlGdg ;s"F . Tof] JolQm a'4wd{sf] pkxf; ug]{ xf];\ / /fhfsf ;a} /fd|f k|of;nfO{ ljyf]Ng] xf];\ . uwfn] o:tf] k|fy{gf u/]sf] gf]s/n] ;'Gof] / gf]s/n] To;nfO{ tx nfpg o:tf] k|l0fwfg u¥of], …o:tf] wd{sf] k|ultnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu k|of; ug]{ b'i6 dGqLsf] k|fb'{efj x'g] a]nf d Psbd a'l4dfg wfld{s dGqL eP/ dGqLx¿sf b'i6 if8oGqnfO{ k/f:q ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ zlQmxLg kfg{ ;s"F . lgdf{0fsfo{df d2t ul//x]sf] xftLnfO{ klg ToxL ljrf/ cfof], æolb d}n] klg k|l0fwfg u/]sf] v08df Tof] cjZoklg k"/f x'g] /x]5 . t/ s'g} klg ;fy{s s'/f ;f]+Rg g;s]sfn] pm klg cToGt} lbSs eof] / qmf]lwt klg . ToxL a]nf p;sf] dgdf o:tf] ljrf/ cfof], …oltsf df6f / 9'Ëf cf];f/]/ klg olb d}n] k'/:sf/df k|l0fwfg ;Dd klg ug{ kfpFlbg eg] d ToxL /fhfsf] elthf eP/ hGd lng]5' / wd{nfO{ bdg ug]{5' . o:tf] s'ljrf/ Pp6f sfun] ;'Gof] / o; k|sf/sf] 7"nf] cWofzon] o'Qm k|l0fwfg u¥of], …d o; b'i6 /fIf;L /fhfnfO{ vQd ug]{ dxfaf]lw;™j eP/ hlGdg ;s"F . oL ;a eO/xFbf, b'O{hgf j|fXd0f ;"q -hg}<_ nufPsf cToGt} pHofnf] cg'xf/ ePsf j|fXd0f s]6fx¿n] klg o:tf] k|l0fwfg ug{ k'u], …a'4sf b'n{e wd{ b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"lddf :yfkgf x'g] a]nf, xfdLx¿ cg'jfbs ag]/ ;a} ;4d{ pkb]zx¿ cg'jfb ug{ ;Ifd xf]pg\ . /fhsLo j+zsf b'O{hgf rxFlsnf k'qLx¿n] klg cfˆgf k|l0fwfgx¿ u/] . tL b'O{hgfn] o:tf] k|l0fwfg u/], … a'4sf b'n{e wd{ 13

b'u{Do / lxdfR5flbt e"lddf :yfkgf x'g] a]nf xfdLx¿ lnlk / efiffsf dxfg ljz]if1 eP/ ;a} ;"q / zf:qx¿nfO{ lnlka4 ug{ ;s"F . ;4d{sf gfddf / ;™jx¿sf gfddf c¿ klg c;+Vo k|l0fwfgx¿ Tolta]nf ul/Psf lyP / ;a} k|l0fwfgx¿ kl5 k"/f x'g uP . …d /fhf aGg] 5'Ú eg]/ k|l0fwfg ug]{ 3f]8f kfNg]sf] 5f]/f] wd{/Ifs /fhf l7;f]ª\ 8]5]g ltdL cfkm} xf} . pkfWofo aGg] k|l0fwfg u/]sf ;'+u/ kfNg]sf] 5f]/f af]lw;™j pkfWofo zfGt/lIft x'g\ . dflGqs x'g] k|l0fwfg u/]sf s's'/ kfNg]sf] 5f]/f] d kb\d ;Dej pUo]gsf pkfWofo x'F . s'v'/f kfNg]sf] 5f]/f] h;n] Tof] a]nf /fhsLo b"t x'g] k|l0fwfg u/]sf] lyof], Tof] jt{dfgdf ofn'{ª\sf afld l7;]/ x'g\ . Tof] a]nf cl/+ufn /fhfsf] 5f]/f]sf] ¿kdf hGd lncf];\ egL k|l0fwfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;} cg';f/ Tof] ;fFlRrs} jt{dfg /fhfsL lbj+ut 5f]/L Nxfr]d\ k]df ;]n\ ePsL lyOg\ . b'i6 dGqLsf] ¿kdf hGd lng]5' egL lj£gsf/L k|fy{gf ug]{ uwf rfxL clxn] df ;fª\ y|f]Dkf So] x'g\ . o; b'i6 dGqLnfO{ jzdf kfg]{ wd{ dGqL aGg ;s"F egL k|l0fwfg ug]{ gf]s/ clxn] wd{ dGqL uf] k]df u'ª\5]g ag]sf 5g\ . Tof] a]nf wd{sf] ljgf; ug]{ /fIf;L /fhfsf] ¿kdf hGd lng]5' egL å]ifk"0f{ k|lt1f ug]{ xftL rfxL kl5 of] /fhfsf] t]>f] k':tfsf /fhf nfª\ 8f/df eP/ lg:sg]5 . af}4 wd{sf] ljgf; ug{df pm lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 . Tof] /fIf;L /fhfnfO{ vQd ug]{ cWofzo lrQ /fv]sf TolQa]nfsf] sfu kl5 ToxL a]nf af]lw;™j Nxfn'ª\ kn\ uL bf]h]{sf ¿kdf hlGdg]5g\ . pgn] To; b'i6 /fhfnfO{ vQd kfg]{5g\ . Tof] a]nf xfdL cg'jfbs aGg kfpg\ egL k|l0fwfg ug]{ b'O{hgf j|fXd0f s]6fx¿ clxn] sfjf kn\ ;]u\ / Rof] u|f] n'O{ Uon\ 5g\ x'g\ . ;4d{nfO{ hu]{gf ug{ ;Ifd xf]pg\ egL k|l0fwfg ug]{ /fhs'nsf b'O{hgf k'qLx¿ clxn] 8g\ df 5] dfª\ / n]u\ lhg\ l` df x'g\ . To;a]nf Tof] ljz]if cj;/df pkl:yt ePsf /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]g\ nufot cGo ;a} cb\e"t s'/fx¿ ;'Gg kfpbf cfZro{rsLt ePtf klg k"0f{¿kn] ljZj:t lyP . pgLx¿n] cfkm"x¿ gyfs'~h]n ;Dd b08jt\ ul/g} /x] . pgLx¿sf cfFvfaf6 clj/n¿kn] alu/x]sf lyP, / pkl:yt ;a}n] Psrf]l6 km]l/ ;4d{ / ;™jx¿sf] sfdgf ub}{ k|l0fwfg u/] .

o:tf t;y{ cfF;' d+un

‰of/f]ª\ vf:of]/ sf] Oltxf;cGtu{t ;a} a'4 af]lw;™jsf eljio Jofs/0f / ltgnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg] k|l0fwfg zLif{ssf] bf]>f] kl/R5]b oxL xf] . ;do, Uof, Uof, Uof -Olt ;dfKtd\, d'b|f+lstd\_

14

k|blIf0ff, k"hf / ltgsf k'0o km]l/ /fhf l7«;f]ª\n] u'? kb\d;DejnfO{ o;/L eGb} ;Daf]wg ug'{eof], æx] dxfu'? Û lqsfnsf a'4x¿sf k|tLs o:tf] dxfg :t"ksf] cufl8 ljleGg pkf;gfsf lqmofx¿ h:t} k|blIf0ff, k"hf ck{0f OToflb ugf{n] s] k'0o kfOG5 <Æ dxfu'?n] hjfkm lbg'eof], æ;'g x] k|tfkL /fhf Û j/ >4f]Tkfb g} d'Vo cfjZostfsf] s'/f xf] . a'4 / af]lw;™jx¿ ;fFlRrs} ljlng ePsf] / pxfFx¿sf] jf;:yfg /x]sf] cTofb\e"t :t"k xf] of] Ù pxfFx¿ ;a}sf lrQsf] s]Gb|ljGb' xf] of] . of] o:tf] lrGtfdl0f /Tg xf] h;n] cfˆgf] cufl8 ul/Psf ;a} cg'/f]w / k|l0fwfgx¿nfO{ :jtM k'/f ul/lbG5 . s'g} k|f0fLn] ljz'4 dltn] o;sf] k|blIf0ff / k"hf ubf{ p;n] slt k'0o kfpg] eGg] s'/f lqsfnsf a'4x¿n] klg cfsng ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . t}klg >4fjfgx¿nfO{ k|]/0ffsf] >f]t agf];\ eGg] x]t'n] d ;+lIfKt¿kdf logsf] rrf{ ug]{5' . of] :t"k ltg} sfnsf ;a} a'4x¿sf] lrQsf] s]Gb| xf], b]jnufot ;a} ;™jx¿sf k'0o If]q xf] . o;sf cufl8 s'g} k|fy{gf jf k|l0fwfg ul/of] eg] Tof] :jtM k"/f x'g]5 . o;n] ;a} cg'Q/ / ;fwf/0f l;l4x¿ nfe u/fpFb5 . lrGtfdl0f /Tgsf] bGTosyfdf elgPem}+ Hof/f]ª\ vf :of]/sf] dxf:t"ksf] bz{g dfq ug]{ k|f0fLn] b'u{ltdf sbflk hGd lng]5}g . h–h;n] o; :t"ksf] af/] ;'G5, ToxL ;'g]s} e/df p;n] cfˆgf] lrQ ;Gtltdf af]lwsf] aLh pTkfb u/]sf] x'G5 . o;sf] :d/0f ug]{ ;a} kfunkg / kIf3ft h:tf /f]ux¿af6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ / ljz]if¿kn] Psfu| ;dflw k|fKt ug]{5g\ . cfb/:j¿k b'j} xft hf]8]/ o;nfO{ gd:sf/ ug]{ ;a} ;Gdfu{df nfUg]5g\ . jGbgf:j¿k b08jt ug]{ hf] sf]xL k|f0fL klg ;x;| nf]swft'sf rqmjtL{ /fhf eP/ hGdg]5 . o;sf] jl/kl/ k|blIf0ff ug]{ ;a}n] pRr ult -;'ult higher existences_ sf ;ft u'0fx¿ k|fKt ug]{5g\ . h–h;n] of] :t"k ;dIf cWo]if0ff ub{5, p;sf b'O{6f :jfy{ ljgf kl/>d l;4 x'g]5g\ . o;nfO{ k"hf ug]{ ;a} o:tf] 7fpFdf hlGdg]5g\ hxfF v8]/Lsf] gfdlgzfg ;d]t /xg]5}g . h–h;n] of] :t"knfO{ k'ik r9fpb5, p;n] ;4d{ cEof;sf nflu pko'Qm If0f ;Dkbn] o'Qm ePsf] b'n{e dg'io z/L/ kfpg] lglZrt 5 . w"k r9fpg] ;a}n] ljz'4 zLn k|fKt ug]{ lglZrt 5 . £o" aQL r9fpg]x¿sf] c1fg¿kL cGwsf/ gfz eP/ hfg]5 . ;'ulGwt hn r9fpg] ;a}n] ;a} k|sf/sf dfgl;s czflGt / kL8faf6 5'6sf/f kfpg]5g\ . vfBj:t' r9fpg] k|f0fL ;dflwsf] cfxf/n] kf]lift x'g]5 . ;+uLt r9fpg] ;a}n] wd{ uLtn] bz} lbzf k|ltWjlgt ePsf] cjZo kfpg]5g\ . UofnL jfB r9fpg]n] uDeL/ / dxf c;Gb]x k|fKt ug]{5 . 7"nf] / ;fgf] cfsf/sf 306f r9fpg] ;a}n] j|Xd3f]if h:tf] ;'Gbf dgf]/d nfUg], :ki6 / kljq :j/ kfpg]5g\ . d08n r9fpg]n] b'O{ ;Def/ -k'0o ;Def/ / 1fg ;Def/_ ubf{ ub}{ ;f+j[lts -nf}lss_ / k/dfy{ nIox¿ k|fKt ug]{5g\ . kfFr b'n{e kbfy{sf d08nx¿ r9fpg] ;a}n] sbflk bfl/b| jf u/LjLaf6 u|l;t x'g'kg]{5}g, j? pgLx¿n] b]je'jgdf h:t} ckf/ wg;DklQsf] lglw g} k|fKt ug]{5 . ;ft b'n{e kbfy{sf d08nx¿ r9fpg] ;a}n] ;f+j[lts kmnsf] ¿kdf /fHosf ;Kt/Tg -_ sf] ;'v ef]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ eg] k/dfy{ kmnsf ¿kdf ;Kt af]WolËs sfo k|fKt ug]{5g\ . k~r 15

e}ifHo d08nx¿ r9fpg] ;a} rf/ t/n kbfy{sf] c;Gt'ngaf6 pTkGg x'g] /f]u, / ;a} bL3{ /f]u tyf cGo /f]ux¿ h'g sd{ / Sn]zn] ubf{ k|f0fLx¿ o; ;+;f/df ef]Ug jfWo 5g] ;a}af6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ . k~r/;sf d08nx¿ r9fpg]x¿n] kfr ultsf k|f0fLn] ef]Ug] ;a} k|sf/sf b'Mvaf6 d'Qm eP/ k~rs'nsf] sfo k|fKt ug]{5g\ . k~rj[xLsf d08n r9fpg]n] cfkm"n] /f]k]sf ;a} cGgn] lglZrt¿kn] clt pGgt afnL k|fKt ug]{5g\ / ljgf kl/>d klg logLx¿n] afnL lešofpg]5g\ . kfr k|sf/sf w"k r9fpg] ;a} ;'ulGwt, cfsif{s / ;a}sf nflu lk|o x'g] lglZrt 5 . kfFr ;'ulGwt b|Josf] 3f]n r9fpg] ;a}n] kfFr z'4e"lddf hGd]/ cfˆgf ;f/f Sn]znfO{ cGTo ug]{5g\ . k~r b[li6 b|Jo - five components of the 'eyeopening'_ r9fpg] ;a}sf k'0o, zlQm, cy{, ef}lts ;'ljwf / ;'vef]u lglZrt¿kn] a9\g]5g\ . h;n] kljq ktfsf / ljholrXgx¿ r9fp5, p;sf e|flGt¿kL tfk ;]nfP/ hfg]5 / kl5 pm k"hf pkf;gfsf] kfq aGg]5 . cfn+sfl/s 5q tyf Wjh r9fpg]x¿ ;a}n] Ps ef}lts¿kn] ;'v;'ljwf ;DkGg hLjg ljtfpg rflxg] ;a} yf]s k|r'/dfqfdf kfpg]5g\ / ci6 dxfeon] pgLx¿nfO{ 5'g ;Sg]5}g . dfnf / d's'6 cn+sf/ r9fpg]n] ;Kt/Tg ;DkGg lbJo / dg'iox¿sf ljz'4 ;'v k|fKt ug]{5g\ . lbof] r9fpg]x¿ ;a}n] bz} lbzfsf ;a} a'4 / af]lw;™jx¿sf] d'vd08n k|ToIf¿kn] x]g{ ;Sg]5g\ . t]nsf] aQL r9fpg] JolQmsf ;a} 1]ofj/0fx¿ gi6 eP/ hfg]5g\ . £o' aQL r9fpg]x¿n] wd{Hof]lt bz} lbzfdf km}nfpg]5g\ . rqm/Tg r9fpg] cfkm}n] klg wd{rqm k|jQ{g ug{ kfpg]5 . dl0f/Tg r9fpg]x¿ ;a}sf h] h] OR5f u5{g\ ;a} pgLx¿sf ;fd' alif{G5g\ . :qL /Tg r9fpg] JolQmn] ljz'4 1fg cfˆgf] dgleq pbo ePsf] kfpg]5g\ . precious minister r9fpg] JolQm ljleGg sfo{k4lt / /0fgLlt /Rgdf l;kfn' x'g]5 / ;a}nfO{ ;fu/af6 tfg]{ Ps s'zn gfljs aGg]5 . xl:t /Tg r9fpg] JolQmn] cg'Q/ dxfofgsf] nIo xfl;n ug]{ lglZrt 5 . cZj /Tg r9fpg]x¿n] rt'Cl4k|fltxfo{ zlQm k|fKt ug]{ lglZrt 5 . kl/0ffos /Tg r9fpg]x¿n] h:tf] ;'s} n8fO{df klg cfkm" ljho x'g] lglZrt 5 . ;ft /fhsLo /Tg r9fpg] JolQmx¿n] lglZrt¿kn] wd{sf] dxf/fHodfly zf;g ug]{5g\ . ci6 dËn lrXgx¿ r9fpg] JolQmx¿ aQL; nIf0f / c:;L cg'Jo~hgn] o'Qm sfo wf/0f ug]{ lglZrt 5 . cf7 dfËlns j:t'x¿ r9fpg] JolQmn] c¿k|lt 7"nf] ;s/fTds k|efj 8fNg ;Sg]5g\ / b]j tyf dg'iosf eJo /Tgx¿sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . y/L y/Lsf j:qx¿ r9fpg]x¿n] lglZrt¿kdf kf~rlns wd{ rLj/ k|fKt ug]{5g\ / 5'Fbf g/d / dgf]/d nfUg] j:qx¿ klxl/g kfpg]5g\ . /];fbf/ cfn+sfl/s j:t' r9fpg] / :t"knfO{ ;]tf] /+un] kf]Tg]x¿sf z/L/af6 cfef / t]h lg:sg]5 / pgLx¿ b]j, c;'/ / bfgjx¿dfly k|e'Tj hdfpg ;kmn x'g]5g\ . tLg Zj]t e]6L ;fdu|Lx¿ r9fpg]x¿n] sfdw]g' / lbJo em'G8sf] pkof]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ . tLg u'lnof ;fdu|Lx¿ r9fpg]x¿n] cfkm"n] ;kgfdf lrtfPsf c;+Vo lbJo ;fdu|Lx¿ k|fKt u/]/ cfˆgf hLjg wfGo agfpg]5g\ . eftsf] kl/sf/ r9fpg]x¿ ;a} sbflk ef]sd/Lsf] b'Mvaf6 kLl8t x'g'kg]{5}g / k|]t eP/ klg sbflk hGd lng'kg]{5}g . cGg ;f/ r9fpg] JolQmx¿n] tof/ kfl//flvPsf cd[tdo cGgsf] ;fu/ g} pkef]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ . kmn, ;'vf u]8fu'8L, OToflb r9fpg] JolQmn] clt g} w]/} :jfb ePsf y/L y/L ef]hgx¿ u|x0f ug{ kfpg]5g\ . k"hfj[t ck{0f ug]{ JolQmn] ;a} dxfg / ;fdfGo nfex¿ kfpg]5g\ / ;fy} cfkm"n] OR5f u/]sf ;a} k|fKt ug]{5g\ . k~r uGwn] o'Qm :gfg hn r9fpg]sf ;a} dn / cfj/0f z'l4s/0f eP/ hfg]5g\ / pgLx¿ z'4, ;kmf / 16

dgf]/d d'xf/n] o'Qm x'g]5g\ . dxf kb\df;g r9fpg]x¿ cfkm} kb\ddfly cf}kkfb's lsl;dn] hlGdg] 5g\ . :t"kdf r9fOPsf a:t'x¿sf] /]vb]v ug]{ / x]/rfx ug]{ ;a} JolQm tLg b'u{ltsf b'Mvaf6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ / cTo'Qmd u'0fn] o'Qm x'g]5g\ . k"hf e]6L r9fpg c¿nfO{ d2t ug]{x¿ cfkm}n] ;a} a'4x¿nfO{ k"hf r9fpg]5g\ / kl5 pxfFx¿sf h:t} g} ;a} a'4rof{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . :t"kdf nfu]sf w"nf] tyf bfux¿ ;kmf ug]{x¿n] cToGt} cb\e"t, cToGt} cfsif{s zfl//Ls ¿k kfpg]5g\ Ù :t"kdf nfu]sf lrNnf kbfy{ tyf kmf]x/x¿ x6fpg]x¿ ;a} cs'zn tyf cfj/0fx¿af6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ . :t"knfO{ Wofgsf] Oi6 b]jtfsf ¿kdf k'Hg]x¿n] dxfd"b|f ljBfw/ e"ld k|fKt ug]{5g\ . :t"knfO{ k|fy{gfsf] cfnDjgsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{x¿n] kmn ljBfw/sf] e"ld k|fKt ug]{5g\ / o;nfO{ pkf;gfsf] dxfg j:t'sf] ¿kdf lng]x¿ …cgfef]u ljBfw/Úsf] e"lddf l:yt x'g]5g\ . k"hfe]6Lx¿ :t"kdf r9fpg]x¿ …hLjg / d[To'df lgoGq0f k|fKt u/]sfÚ ljBfljw/ x'g]5g\ eg] :t"ksf] hL0ff]{4f/ ug]{x¿n] oxL h'gLdf rf/ k|sf/sf af]lwrof{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ / cfkm"n] lrtfPsf ;a} k|fKt x'g] dfq xf]Og cg'Q/ af]lw klg nfe ug]{5g\ . :t"knfO{ km]l/ /+u kf]t]/ hL0ff]{4f/ ug]{x¿ rqmjtL{ /fhf eP/ hlGdg]5g\ / To; /+udf k|of]u ePsf r"gsf s0f a/fa/ cg]sf} nf]swft'df /fHo ug]{5g\ . hL0ff]{4f/s} nflu df6f / kTy/x¿ cf];fg]{x¿sf bL3fo'{ / hLjgdf afwf alg/x]sf tTjx¿ ;a} gfz eP/ hfg]5g\ / pgLx¿n] s'g} klg /f]u ljgfsf] bL3fo'{ hLjg afRg kfpg]5g\ / cfˆgf ¿k klg ;'Gb/ / z'4 x'g]5 . :t"ksf] nflu sfo, jfs / lrQn] sd{df nfUg] ;a}n] a'4sf] sfo, jfs, lrQ cfˆg} sfo, jfs / lrQdf ljlng eO wGo ePsf] cg'e"lt ug]{5g\ . o;sf] lxt jf ;xof]udf k'0o sfo{ ug]{x¿ cfˆgf ;a} efjL hGdx¿df s'zn sd{sf] ;xL dfu{df lgb]{lzt x'g]5g\ / dfu{bz{s sNof0fldqaf6 sbflk 5'l6g' kg]{5}g / cfkm"n] nlIft u/]sf h'g;'s} nfe klg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . :t"ksf] hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{qmdnfO{ lgb]{zg ug]{ JolQm bz lbzfsf a'4x¿sf] k|d'v k'qsf ¿kdf pTkGg x'g]5g\ / ;a} k|sf/sf af]lwrof{ ug]{5g\ . :t"k lgdf{0fdf sfd ug]{ sflnu9sf ¿kdf cfˆgf ;Lk nufpg] JolQmx¿ ;a} o; / ;a} efjL k'gh{Gdx¿df kfFr dxfljBfdf lgk'0f eO lg:sg]5g\ . :t"ksf] lbzflt/ ;ft kfOnf a9fpg]x¿n] ;ft h'gL;Dd b'n{e dg'io z/L/ k|fKt u/]/ cfˆgf k"j{ hGdsf s'/fx¿ ;+emg ;Sg] x'G5g\ . :t"ksf] :t"lt ufg ug]{x¿n] lzIffsf] kbjL kfpg]5g\ eg] :t"lt g} /Rg] JolQmsf] nflu s] s'/f lglZrt x'g]5 eg] k'gh{Gddf pgsf h:tf];'s} s'/fx¿ klg Wofg lbP/ ;'lgg]5 / pgn] af]Ng] ;a} s'/f ;f/o'Qm x'g]5 . :t"kdf b]vfk/]sf lr/fdfq k'g]{ hL0ff]{4f/sn] klg eljio hGddf b]jk'?if / dg'io eP/ hGd lnO{ ;4d{ >j0f ug]{ cj;/ xfl;n ub{5 . :t"k lr/sfn;Dd cIf'00f /lx/xf];\ egL k|fy{gf ug]{x¿n] …cd/Ú ljBfljxf/sf zlQm k|fKt ug]{5g\ . :t"kdf k|lti7f dGq hk ug]{ JolQmsf nflu s] s'/fsf] lglZrt x'g]5 eg] tLg} sfndf s'g} klg o'4 / clgsfn x'g]5}gÙ ;a} dxfdf/L t/]/ hfg]5g\ / e"lddf zflGt / v'zL km}lng]5 . o;nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgLaf6 arfpg] JolQm ;f] sfo{ u/]afkt csfn d[To'sf ;a} eoaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 . :t"ksf u'0f zAbdf JoQm u/] c¿nfO{ klg ;'gfpg] JolQmx¿n] tLg} sfnsf ;a} a'4 / af]lw;™jx¿sf u'0f ufg ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . o;sf] af/] cWoog u/]/ hflg;s]kl5 c¿nfO{ klg o;sf] 1fg lbnfpg] JolQmx¿ lqsfnsf ;a} a'4x¿sf] af]lwrof{ ul//x]sf x'g]5g\ . lrqdf ePklg jf s'g} 9nfg ul/Psf d[Gdo cfs[lts} ¿kdf ePklg o;sf] k|tLs agfpg] ;a} a'4sf] dfu{df k|ltli7t x'g]5g\ / dfu{ k5\ofpbf 17

k5\ofpb} cGttM pgLx¿ ldng / lj5f]8af6 k/sf] e"lddf k'Ug]5g\ cyf{t k/dfy{ 1fgwft'df k|j]z ug]{5g\ . ;DalGwt Oltxf; jf wfld{s k'?ifx¿sf] hLjgsyfnfO{ lnlvt clen]vdf ;fFr]/ /fVg]x¿ lqsfn / bz lbzfsf ;a} a'4x¿sf ;Dk"0f{ jrgsf] lnlvt clen]v agfO /fVg ;Ifd x'g]5g\ . :t"ksf] cl:tTjdf v';L dgfpg]x¿ jf cg'df]bg ug]{x¿ cfˆgf lrQ ;Gtfgdf kl5 a'4sf ;a} u'0fx¿ pTkfb ug]{5g\ . :t"kaf6 clwi7fg lng] ;a} kl5 bz lbzfsf ;a} a'4x¿af6 clelifQm x'g]5g\ . d/0f ;dodf o; :t"knfO{ :d/0f ug]{n] klZrdL ;'vfjtL e'jgdf kb\dsf] aLr efudf cf}kkfb's lsl;dn] hlGdg kfpg]5g\ . t/ :t"knfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL ug]{ JolQm oxL h'gLdf ;a} vfnsf cs'zn sd{sf] kfq aGg]5 eg] eljio h'gLdf klg pm cljlr g/sdf ktg x'g]5 . cljlr g/sdf k/]kl5 ToxfFaf6 pDsg] s'g} ;Defjgf x'Fb}g / ToxfF k'¥ofpg] sd{sf] kZrftfk ;Dd klg ug{ ;lsGg . zf/f+;df eGg'kbf{, of] dxf :t"k syfdf atfOPsf] lrGtfdl0f /Tg h:t} g} xf] . o;df 7"nf] ;fgf] h:tf];'s} l;l4 nfe u/fpg] / h:tf];'s} k|fy{gfsf] klg hjfkm lbg] k|an zlQm lglxt /x]sf] 5 . o;} sf/0fn] ubf{ o; :t"knfO{ ;a} k|fy{gf k"/f ul/lbg] :t"k eg]/ klg lrlgG5 . oL ;a s'/fx¿ ;'g]/ /fhf nufot ;a} u0f cfZro{rsLt eP . pgLx¿sf] dgdf ulx/f] cfZro{sf] cfef; lyof] . ;a}n] olt 7"nf] >4f k|s6 u/] ls pgLx¿sf cfFvfaf6 cgfof; cfF;' g} em/] . ;a}n] e"lddf nDk;f/ k/]/ xhf/f}F k6s b08jt u/] . pgLx¿n] eg], æP df xf] Û o; dxf :t"ksf o:tf cfZro{nfUbf s'/fx¿ / o;;+u ;DalGwt cg'z+;fx¿sf af/] a'4x¿n] klg cleJolQm lbg ;Sg'x'Gg, / o:tf rLhx¿ xfd|f] a'emfO{ eGbf aflx/sf s'/fx¿ x'g\ eg] emg\ xfdL h:tfn] o:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ zAbdf 9fNg] k|oTg g} u/]df ;kmn xf]pFnf t < To;kl5 ;a}n] k|fy{gf u/], æ;a} hGd / h'gLx¿df xfdLn] r9fpFb} cfPsf] k"hf e]6Lx¿sf] ;+u|x c;Ld eP em} kl5 klg o:tf k"hf e]6Lx¿ k|r'/dfqfdf cgj/t¿kn] a9\b} hfpg\ ÛÆ ‰of/f]ª\ vf:of]/ sf] Oltxf;cGtu{t k|blIf0ff, k"hf / ltgsf cg'z+;f zLif{ssf] t]>f] kl/R5]b oxL xf] . ;do, Uof, Uof, Uof -Olt ;dfKtd\, d'b|f+lstd\_

18

hL0ff]{4f/ cufl8sf lgldQx¿sf] cgfj/0f tyf hL0ff]{4f/ x'g] o'u km]l/ /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]g\n] u'? kb\d ;DejnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof], ædxfu'? Û siffo / ljgf;sf] o'u -sln o'u_ cfpFbf s] o;n] o; lrGtfdl0f ;/xsf] dxf:t"knfO{ k|efljt kfg{ ;Snf, s] of] :t"k klg hL0f{ / gi6 kf] x'g] xf] ls < olb hL0f{ eOxfNof] eg] Tolta]nf s:tf lj£gsf ;+s]t o; nf]sdf b]vf kg]{5g\ < olb To:tf ;+s]t b]vf k/] eg] km]l/ hL0ff]{4f/ xf]nf ls gxf]nf olb x'G5 eg] s'g t/Lsfn] / s:tf] ¿kaf6 xf]nf <Æ To;kl5 dxfu'?n] hjfkm lbg'eof], æ;'g, x] k|tfkL /fhf Û k/dfy{¿kdf of] dxf:t"k ;a} a'4x¿sf wd{sfoaf6 cleGg 5 / To; cy{df of] gi6 / hL0f{ OToflb s'g} klg x'g ;Sb}g . olt elg;s]kl5 klg, Jofjfxfl/s k|ltef;sf e|flGtdo b[li6sf]0fn] ;f]+Rbf rt'd{xfe"tåf/f of] :t"k k|efljt x'Fb} ljgf; / k|nosf ljleGg ;+s]tx¿ b]vf k/]sf] h:tf] dfq nfUg] xf] . o:tf] ;dodf lqs'ngfysf cg]s lgdf{0fsfox¿, e[s'l6 / cfo{tf/f pTkGg eP/ km]l/ hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 . To;kl5 slno'u cfpg]5 Tolta]nf dg'iosf] cfo' krf; jif{df emg]{5 / zfSod'lg a'4sf pkb]zx¿ nf]k eP/ hfg]5g\ . ;a} ljxf/x¿df u[x:yx¿ dfq /xg]5g\ . ;a} dlGb/x¿ snxsf cvf8f aGg]5g\ / cWoog s]Gb|x¿ klg jwzfnfdf kl/0ft x'g]5g\ . ;Gof;Lx¿ PsfGt 7fpFdf a:g'sf ;f6f] dflg;x¿sf] a:tL ePsf pkTosfdf cf]n{g]5g\ . WofgLx¿ v]tL ug{lt/ nfUg]5g\ / ljgosf] pn+3g u/]sfx¿ jfl0fHo Jofkf/ u/]/ cfˆgf] hLjg wfGg]5g\ . leIf'x¿ ljjfx u/]/ u[x:y h:t} /xg yfNg]5g\ eg] cGo k|j|lhtx¿ 8fFs" / n'6]/f aGg]5g\ . cfFwLsf] j]udf Ps cfk;df em}–emu8fx¿ eO/xG5g\ / s]lGb|o If]qaf6} oL ;a} emu8f snx km}lng yfNg]5 / htftt} pTkft snx dlRr/xg]5g . d7fWoIfx¿ g} ;]gfklt eP/ o'4nfO{ lgb]{zg ug]{5g\ eg] leIf'x¿ ;a} ;}lgs lqmofsnfkx¿df tNnLg x'g]5g\ . leIf'0fLx¿n] cfˆgf gfhfoh ;Gtfgx¿sf] xTof ug]{5g\ . hUuf hdLg hfoh]yfx¿ x8Kg] sfd a9\g yfNg]5g\ / ltgnfO{ dflnssf geP/ cs}{n] pkef]u ug]{5g\ . cfˆg} k'Vof}nL{ 3/x¿df 5f]/fx¿n] s'g} clwsf/ bfjL ug{ ;Sg]5}gg\ . jflx/sf JolQmx¿ / ljb]zLx¿ :jb]zL clws[tsf ¿kdf sfd ug]{5g\ . ljxf/leq klg t?0fL s]6Lx¿sf] af; aGg]5 Wofgfuf/x¿ k"/} …;f], ;f]Ú eGg] zAbx¿ pRrf/0f ug]{ jf]gkf]x¿n] vrfvr el/g]5 . dlGb/ / ljBfs]Gb|sf wg;Dklt n'6\g dflg;x¿sf] t5f8d5f8 x'g]5 . ;'utsf kljq u|Gy / k"hf ;fdu|Lx¿ aGws / ;'/If0fsf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g]5g\ . a'4sf sfo, jfs / lrQsf k|tLsx¿ rf]/]/ nlug]5g\ / ltgsf dxTj qmdzM x/fpFb} hfFbf tL k|tLsx¿nfO{ Jofkf/sf j:t'sf ¿kdf dfq x]l/g]5g\ . dlGb/leq dlGb/sf] kljqtfnfO{ g} gfz ug]{ lsl;dn] 3f]8f / kz'x¿ kflng]5g\ . o:tf] o'udf, leIf'x¿leq UofNkf]n] jf; ug]{5 / dflGqsx¿leq df/n] af; ug]{5 . af]gkf]leq 5]g\n], o'jf k'?ifleq uf]ª\kf], leIf'0fLx¿leq 8fd\ ;Ln], t?0fL s]6Lx¿leq 8«]df]n] jf; ug]{5g\ . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg], x/]s ltJjtL hgtfsf] Åbodf leGbfleGg} lkzfrx¿sf] af; x'g]5 . of] 36gf 36\g] ;+st] sf ¿kdf dflg;x¿n] cgf}7f eb\bf sk8f 19

nufpg yfNg]5g\ . leIf'x¿ cfkm"nfO{ ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s agfpg / l;+ufg{df ;do ljtfpg]5g\ eg] leIf'0fLx¿ Pgfdf x]b}{ gSsn kfb}{ a:g]5g\ . cfˆgf] JolQmut ;'/Iffsf] nflu pgLx¿ ;a}n] xltof/d} df]lxt x'g yfNg]5g\ / Ps csf{nfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL ug{ ljifsf] ;xf/f lng]5g\ . xflgsf/s jf Jofkfbn] el/Psf] lrGtg ug{df ctL{ lbg] pkfWofo / zLn u'?x¿ g} x'g]5g\ . If]qLo d'lvof / gfOs]x¿nfO{ s;}n] ljZjf; ug{ 5f]8\5g\ . ;a} nfh / ;+od dflg;df x/fpFb} hfg]5 eg] cfOdfO{x¿ j]Odfg / nf]Ug]x¿k|lt a]jkmfbf/L eO{ lg:sg]5g\ . leIf'x¿ ;+j/af6 Ro"t x'g]5g / dflGqsx¿ cfˆgf ;doaf6 Ro"t x'g]5g\ . lji0f' UofNkf], 8f]Gkf] / 6] pm h:tf e"ld lkzfrsf] Jofks pkl:yltn], s'/f ug]{ t/Lsf, cfkm"nfO{ l;+ufg]{ t/Lsf / kl/lx/g] t/Lsfdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g cfpg]5 . af}4 bz{gaf6 k|efljt eP/ af]Ng] t/Lsf x/fpFb} hfg]5 cfOdfO{x¿n] 5nsk6n] el/Psf] lgufxn] x]g{ yfNg]5g\ . nfdf k'/f]lxtx¿n] cof]Uo JolQmx¿nfO{ cleif]s lbg]5g\ / 5nsk6 ePsfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ WofgL eg]/ lx8\5g\, zAbfDj/df /Dg] / s'/f}6]x¿ cfkm"nfO} ljåfg 7fGb} lx8\5g\ . cfˆgf zLn ljgoaf6} Ro"t ePsf JolQmx¿ cfkm}nfO{ dxfg 7fGg]5g\ . k|hfx¿n] /fHo– zf;gsf] jfu8f]/ l5g]/ lng]5g\ / /fhf kbRo"t eP/ ;fwf/0f gful/s;/x ePkl5 s;fxLx¿n] hgtfnfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{5g\ . ;a}eGbf s'lT;t, e|i6 lsl;dn] sfd ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ cToGt} 7"nf gfosx¿nfO{ em}F ;Ddfg ul/g]5 . uDeL/ tGqsf af/] b]zgf ug]{ nfdf -u'?_ x¿ s's'/em}F otfptf ef}tfl/g afWo x'g]5g\ t/ pgLx¿sf ;doe|i6 lziox¿ eg] l;xF em}F 7fF6n] lx8\g]5g\ . lkzfrsf cjtf/x¿n] kfv08k"0f{n] ljleGg lzIffx¿sf k|ltkfbg t ug]{5g\ t/ tL lzIffx¿ eg] cfkm}n] kfngf u/]/ b]vfpFg]5}gg\ / vfln cfˆg} ;jf]{Rrtf xfl;n ug{] xf]8afhLdf tNnLg e} /xg]5g\ . a'4sf] pkb]z cg';f/ rof{ ug{ vf]Hg] jf cfˆgf cEof;nfO{ cfkm"df dfq ;Lldt /fVg] l;4 tyf ljåfgx¿ ;a}n] ;a} k|sf/sf pkxf; / lt/:sf/ vKg' kg]{5 . k[yUhgx¿ -;fdfGo dflg;x¿_ cfkm}nfO{ g/d ;"tLsf] sk8fdf a]g{ yfNg]5g\ jf k|j|lht leIf'sf rLj/ nufpg yfNg]5g\ t/ ;fFlRrs} k|j|lhtx¿ eg] e8\lsnf] jflx/L d+uf]nL j:q klxl/P/ lx8\g yfNg]5g\ . xTof/fx¿ u]9' wd{ rLj/ nufP/ 3'Dg]5g\ . u[x:y pkf;s pkfl;sfx¿n] ljWj+;fTds hfb"sf zlQmx¿ / kfkdo dGqx¿ l;Sg]5g\ eg] k|j|lhtx¿n] ljif agfP/, 5nsk6k"j{s Jojxf/ ub}{ nfesf nflu Jofkf/df cfkm"nfO{ ;+nUg kfg]{5g\ . cfkm}n] unt pkb]zx¿ agfP/ lstfjdf klg 5fKg]5g\ o;n] ubf{ lhg a'4sf k|fdfl0fs jrg / jh| u'?x¿sf zAbx¿ Psflt/ kg{ uO{ Jofks e|d km}lng]5 . pgLx¿n] ;a} vfn] gofF s[lqd wd{ k4ltx¿ k|ltkfbg u/]/ ;a} k|sf/sf cgf}7f cEof;x¿nfO{ a9fjf lbg]5g\ . klxn] ;'Gb} g;'lgPsf, x'Fb} gePsf cEof;x¿ sxfF sxfFaf6 pgLx¿n] Nofpg]5g\ . ;a} k|z+gLo k/Dk/fx¿, k|rngx¿ nfO{ nTofP/ ltgsf 7fpFdf ;a} vfn] ljgoaf6 Ro"t x'g] sfo{snfkx¿ c+ufNg yfNg]5g\ . lq/TgnfO{ klg clt g} nf]eL / s~h'; lrQn] bfg r9fpg]5g\ t/ Tof] u/]afkt cfˆgf gfdx¿ eg] ;a}nfO{ km}nfpFb} lxl8g]5g\ . dfG5]x¿n] Pj+/Ltn] s'lT;t / unt s'/fx¿ dfq ckgfpFb} hfg]5g\ . ;a} k|sf/sf sn+lst sfo{x¿df cfkm"nfO{ ;+nUg ul/;s]kl5 ;4d{sf] /Iff ul//x]sf wd{kfn b]jtfx¿n] klg pgLx¿sf] ;fy 5f]8\g]5g\ / cfktljkb\ cfOnfUbf /Iff ug]{5|}gg\ . sfn, u|x / 20

gIfqx¿ k"j{jt\ lglj{£g¿kdf rNg5f]8\g]5g\ . kf] 5]g eGg] Pp6f :yfoL gIfq b]vf kg]{5 h;sf] sf/0fn] ;dodf kfgL kg]{5|}g t/ kfgL kl/xfn]klg dflyNnf] pRr e"ld / pkTosfdf af9L k}/f] cfP/ b'j} 7fpF 8'jfgdf kg]{5g\ . clgsfn, lxdkft, cl;gfjiff{ / jfnLsf] gf; OToflb k|sf]kx¿ t Ps kl5 csf]{ x'Fb} cgGtsfn;Dd emlng'kg]{5 . dfdf] / t]g\dfx¿ s'lkt eP/ gfd} lng uf¥xf] dxfdf/L kz' / dg'iodf b]vfkg]{5 . cs:dft e"sDkx¿ cfO/xg]5g\, gbLsf lsgf/fx¿ hndUg x'g]u/L af9L cfpg]5 / 89]nf] / t"kmfgn] ubf{ dlGb/, lzIffno, :t"k / zx/x¿ Psl5gd} ;vfk x'g]5g\ . o:tf] ;dodf, o; :t"k klg Ifltu|:t x'g]5 / o;df klg lr/f kg]{5 . o:tf] Ifltsf] kmn:j¿k o:tf] sfn klg cfpg]5 ha af]wuofdf k|j{Qg ul/Psf] wd{rqm hL0f{ eP/ hfg]5 . To:tf] ;do ha cs:dft g]kfndf lx+;fTds åGåsf] ;'¿jft x'g]5 / cgj/t¿kn] rlng} /xg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha clgsfnn] ef/tjif{sf ;a} k':tfx¿nfO{ ;vfk} kfg]{5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha g]kfn s]Gb|d} dxfdf/L km}lnP/ ;Dk"0f{ k':tf -gZn_ nfO{ ljgf; ug]{5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha tf] ªf/Ldf e"sDk cfP/ ;Dk"0f{ k':tf ;vfk x'g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha p 5fª\ sf] s]Gb|d} dxfdf/L / clgsfn nfu]/ k"/fsf k"/f k':tf gfz x'g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha lSo;f]sf] e"ld efl:;g yfNg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha df]gdf k}/f] hfg]5 Ù ha ltAatsf] kfFr zLif{ kj{tdf tLgj6f u9x¿ pTkGg x'g]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha df]gsf 8f]d\ 5fª\ pkTosfdf ljxf/x¿ cfkm} aGg'kg]{5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha vfddf b'O{6f ;"o{x¿ b]vfkg{ yfNg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha rLgsf zf;sn] cs:dft d[To'j/0f k|fKt ug]{5 Ù To:tf] ;do ;]gfsf rf/ u0f ltAatdf s]lGb|s[t¿kn] hDdf x'g yfNg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha d'b'/ d+uf]nx¿n] ªf/LnfO{ k"/} ;vfk kfl/lbg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha hfª\sf ;]gfx¿ vfdleq k|j]z ug{ yfNg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha 6'ls{sf ;]gfx¿n] ef/tnfO{ IftljIft kfl/lbg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha uf/\nf]s\sf ;]gfx¿n] a'4wd{sf] gfz ul//x]sf x'g]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha af9Ln] ubf{ /f; 6«'n\gfu\sf] dlGb/ ;+s6u|:t x'g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;fDo] Wj:t x'g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha 6«f8'u\ :t"ksf] wd{rqm aflªPsf] cj:yfdf /xg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ltAatsf kfjg b[Zox¿ l/lQg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha PsfGtjf;sf 7fpFx¿ af]g\kf]sf …;f]Ú zAbn] Jofks u'~hfodfg x'g]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;a} dfggLo JolQmx¿nfO{ ljif k|of]u u/]/ dfl/Psf x'g]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha snx em}emu8f / dte]bn] ubf{ cfud / clwud af}4 k/Dk/f s}+rLn] sf6];/x vl08t x'g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;4d{ wf/sx¿sf] ck|Tofl;t¿kn] d[To' x'gyfNg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;doaf6 Ro"t ePsfx¿ cfˆgf] rft'o{n] c¿nfO{ 7Ub} lx8\5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha 6f9f 6f9f kx]nf] lk7\o" ePsf AjfF;fx¿sf] e'sfO{ ;'lgg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ltAatsf] e"ld df/sf ¿kx¿n] el/e/fp x'g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha lbJo wd{nfO{ Ps ;"qdf afFw]/ /fv]sf] /]zdL ufF7f] km'lsg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha dfgj wd{sf d~h/LnfO{ afFw]/ /fv]sf] 8f]/L r'F8flng]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha /fi6«sf sfg"g¿kL :j0f{ c08f kmf]l/g]5 / :yfgLo sfg"g¿kL /d0fLo tnfpsf kfgL ;'s]/ hfg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha zLn kfngnfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{ clGtd cjz]if¿kL rng klg k/ kmflng]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;fFlRrs} cEof; ug]{ JolQmx¿sf cfjfhx¿ ;a} df}gtfdf kl/0ft x'g]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha j]wdL{ / zd{xLgtfnfO{ pS;fOg]5 / k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha pgLx¿ g} pkfWofo, wd{u'?, u]z] / 21

gfOs] aGg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;fwf/0f dflg;x¿n] wfld{s ;df/f]xsf] g]t[Tj u/]/ wd{ k|jrg tyf cleif]sx¿ lbg yfNg]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha k'0o ;+ronfO{ g} rfKn';Lsf] OToflbsf] dfWod / k|z+;f o; OToflbnfO{ kmnsf] ¿kdf x]l/g]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha ;lGsPsf] s;fxL dg'iosf] gfOs] aGg]5 Ù To:tf] ;do ha e~ofË, pkTosf, kfvf kv]/f OToflb 8fFs"x¿n] el/g]5g\ Ù To:tf] ;do ha ltAatsf cfzf ;a} rsgfr"/ x'g]5 / hf] h;sf] xftdf zlQm cfpF5 pm g} o;sf] efUoljwftf aGg]5 Ù ;a} vl08t x'g] ;do ha wfld{s cl:tTjsf s'g} klg cjz]if /xg]5}g, s'g} klg sfg"g, lgod / g]t[Tj /xg]5}g Ù To:tf] ;do ha ltAat p;s} dflg;x¿sf] cfr/0fn]ubf{ ljgf;f]Gd'v x'g]5 . o; nf]sdf x'g] ;a} eofjx 36gfx¿ oxL dxf :t"k Ifltu|:t x'gfn] / dfl;gfn] 3l6t x'g]5g\ . oL ;a} 36gfx¿ :t"knfO{ ca hL0ff]{4f/ / k'g{lgdf{0fsf] vfFrf] 5 eGg] ;+s]t klg x'g\ . olb To;a]nf ;f}efUozfnL / ToxL sfo{ ug]{ ;+:sf/ kfPsf JolQmn] o;hLjgsf] cfzlQmaf6 d'Qm eO{ jxfb'/Ltfsf ;fy hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ u5{g\ eGg] pgL ;kmn g} x'g]5g\ . o:tf] s'/f ;'g]/ /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]g / ToxfF pkl:yt ;a} cft+lst eP / eoeLt eP/ nfdf] ;':s]/f xfn] . To;kl5 wd{dGqL k]df u'ª\ 5]g\ cfˆgf] cf;gaf6 p7]/ ;of}F rf]l6 ;fi6fË b08jt ub}{ /x] . kl5 pgn] u'?n] o:tf] eGb} ;Daf]wg u/], æx] dxfu'?, To:tf] Iflt / hL0f{sf] o'udf o; cb\e"t :t"kdf h] h] Iflt x'g]5 tL ;a}sf] hL0ff]{4f/ ug]{ JolQm d aGg ;s"F .Æ dxfu'?n] o:tf] k|fy{gfsf ;fy pgsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg'eof], ætyf:t' Û ltdL h] rfxG5f} ToxL xf];\ ÛÆ o;df pkfWofo / nf]rfjfx¿n] klg cfˆgf ;fy / ;dy{g hgfP . To;kl5 wd{/fhn] klg k|zGg eP/ pgsf] ;xfotf ug{ cfkm"n] klg s]xL ug{ ;s"F egL k|l0fwfg ug'{eof] . ‰of/f]ª\ vf:of]/ sf] Oltxf;cGtu{t k"0f{ k|nosf o'udf ha dfG5]sf] cfo' krf; jif{sf] dfq x'g]5 s'g} lglZrt lgldQx¿ b]vfk/]/ hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{sf] tTsfn cfjZostfnfO{ O+|lut ug]{ / ;f] ;dosf] cfudgsf af/] eljiojf0fL ;dfj]z ePsf] rf}+yf] kl/R5]b oxL xf] . ;do, Uof, Uof, Uof -Olt ;dfKtd\, d'b|f+lstd\_

22

hL0ff]{4f/s / hL0ff]{4f/sf cg'z+;fx¿ km]l/ /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]g\n] u'? kb\d;DejnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ eGg'eof], æx] k/d u'? Û hL0f{sf] o'u -sln o'u_ df ha dfG5]sf] cfo' krf; jif{df emg]{5 ta s;/L o; cb\e"t :t"ksf] hL0ff]{4f/ x'g]5 egL eljiojf0fL t tkfO{n] ug'{eof] . d]/f dGqL :ylj/ uf] k]df u'ª\ 5]gsf] Tof] a]nfsf] kl/ro s] x'g] xf]nf < pxfFsf] gfd s] x'g]5 / pxfFsf] hGd x'Fbf s] s] lgldQx¿ b]vfkg]{5 < pxfFsf slthgf ;Hhg ldqx¿ x'g]5g\ / pQm hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{af6 s] s] nfex¿ x'g]5g\ < s[kof oL ;a} s'/f xfdLnfO{ atfOlbg'k¥of] . o;sf] hjfkmdf dxfu'?n] eGg'eof], æ;'Gg'xf];\, x] k|tfkL /fhf Û tkfO{n] plrt k|Zg ug'{eof] . eljiodf, k"0f{ ljgf;sf] ;dodf, ha dfG5]sf] cfo' tn em/]/ krf; jif{sf] x'g]5 Ù Tof] o'u h'ga]nf ljgf;sf Ps ;o Ps ljleGg lgldQx¿ / ;+s]tx¿ b]vfkg]{5g\, Tof] a]nf Ps hgf JolQm 5fª\l:yt lGodf tf] If]qdf hlGdg]5 / p;n] k]df u'ª\5]g\ uf] wd{dGqLsf k|l0fwfg k"/f ug]{5 . pgsf dftflktf / u'?x¿ ;a} dflGqs k/Dk/fsf x'g]5g\ . pgL ;'+u'/ jif{df hlGdg]5g\ / k]n\ nfd\ ;fª\df] sf] gfdn] k|l;4 x'g]5g\ . pgL axfb'/, c;n cfr/0fsf wgL / tLI0f a'l4sf x'g]5g\ . pgL ToxL AolQm aGg]5g\ hf]af6 pQm hL0ff]4f/ sfo{ x'g] k"j{lgwf{l/t lyof], To:tf] JolQm h;n] klxn] ul/Psf kfjg k|l0fwfg k"/f ug]{5g\ . o;} sf/0fn] afNosfnb]lvg} pgdf lq/Tgk|lt, ;4d{sf lzIffnox¿k|lt, a'4sf sfo, jfs / lrQsf k|tLsx¿sf k|lt ulx/f] >4f ljZjf; x'g]5 . ;a} k|f0fLx¿k|lt, cGwf / dfUg]x¿k|lt bofn' x'g]5g\ . 7"nf] jLo{;DkGg dxfofg cfzosf x'g]5g\ . uDeL/ s'/fx¿df dfq} pgsf] ?rL x'g]5 . qmf]wL :j¿ksf af]lwrof{sf] ;Dkfbgdf lgk'0ftf xfl;n u/]sf sf/0f, pgn] cToGt} eo+s/ qmf]wn] o'Qm gfbx¿ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . O{i6b]jtfx¿sf] WofgL k'/Zr/0f ;DkGg u/]sfn] wd{kfn / nf]skfn b]jtfx¿n] pgsf] cfb]z dfGg]5g\ / pgLåf/f tL b]jtfx¿ zf;g/Iffsf nflu k|lt1fa4 eOg]5g\ . pgL To:tf JolQmsf ¿kdf hlGdg]5g\ h;sf] ddfly Psfu| >4f ljz]if¿kn] c6n / lgisk6 x'g]5 . kRrL; jif{sf] k'Ubf klg pgLaf6 cfˆgf ;doaf6 Ro"t ePsf] /x]g5 / afXo cfklQ jf k|b'if0faf6 k|efljt ePsf] /xg]5 eg], pgn] of] dxf:t"ksf] cjZo hL0ff]{4f/ ug]{5 . hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{df of] eGbf a9L l9nfO{ x'g uof] eg], pgn] t]QL; jif{sf] pd]/df cfP/ hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{5g\ . olb of] eGbf klg l9nfO{ eof] eg] ltJjt / g]kfnaLr åGåsf cs:dft cfFwL cfpg]5 . To;kl5 /f]u / clgsfn h'g cGoyf pTkGg x'g] g} lyPg ltgsf] k|sf]kdf tLg u'gfn] clej[l4 x'g]5 . h;sf] sf/0f jx';+Vos k|f0fLx¿sf] d[To' x'g]5 / Jofks Iflt x'g]5 . kfFr d'/L kl/df0fdf hlt ;]tf] ltnsf] u]8fsf] ;+Vof x'G5 Tolt g} ;+Vofdf ldb'/ d+uf]nL ;]gfx¿ cToGt} eofgs cfjfhsf ;fy tf] If]qleq k:g]5 . olt eofjx ls dfgf} cfsfz} kmf6] h:tf] . o;/L g} s]xL jif{x¿ lalt;s]kl5 gf} d'/L ;]tf] ;nudsf jLpsf] ;+Vof j/fj/ ;]gfx¿ 8«fugsf] h:tf] eofjx uh{gsf ;fy d] If]qleq k:g]5g\ . pgLx¿sf ;+3ft kmf}hx¿n] r§ofª\ k/] h:t} xdnf ug]{5g\ . h;sf] kmn:j¿k 5f] uf;Ddsf] e"ld htftt} IftljIft eP/ dfl;g]5 . To;kl5;]gfx¿ tf] af6 cl3 a9]/ 23

rLg;Ddsf e"ldx¿nfO{ Ifltu|:t kfg]{5g\ . Tolta]nf b'O{ ltxfO{ ltAatLx¿nfO{ t tnjf/n] sfl6g]5 . clt kfjg lzIffno tyf lq/Tgsf k|tLsx¿nfO{ df6f]d} ld;fOg]5 jf ljlng kfl/g]5 . ltAatsf] e"ldaf6 To;s} jfl;Gbfx¿ l/lQb} hfg]5g\ . xToflx+;faf6 hf]luPsf ar]sf ltAatLx¿ klg Nxf]s, df]g / kljq lj/fgf pkTosfx¿tkm{ efUg]5g\ . t}klg cfˆgf] e"ldk|lt cf;Qm x'g]x¿ sf]xL ToxL al;/xg]5g\ / tL ltAatLx¿nfO{ ljb]zL xf]/ ;]gfx¿n] ;vfk kfg]{5g\ . olb ltdLx¿ o:tf eo+s/ ljklQx¿af6 aRg rfxG5f} eg] daf6 clwli7t JolQm ljz]if¿kn] 7"nf] w}o{ wf/0f ug{ ;Sg] x'g'k5{ . c¿sf ;]jfdf p;n] cfˆgf] Hofg} / cËk|ToË g} pT;u{ ug'{kg]{5 . ef/t, g]kfn, df]g / ltAatsf hgtfx¿nfO{ wd{df k|f]T;flxt ug{sf lgldQ p;n] lgs} 7"nf] kl/>d ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ p;nfO{ ;xfotf ug{ ltAatsf wfld{s ;fwsx¿n] klg Tolta]nf Psh'6 eP/ sfd ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . t/ To; ;dotfsfsf ltAatL dflg;x¿ ldYofb[li6¿kL df/sf] k~hfdf km:g] x'gfn] To; JolQmdfly cgGo >4f / elQm /fVg]x¿ sd} dfq x'g]5 . lbgdf tf/fx¿ b]lvg' b'n{e ePh:t} pgLx¿ klg b'n{e g} x'g]5g\ . tL ;a} x'g]ePtfklg !#),))) hgf JolQmx¿ pml;t ljz'4 sfld{s ;DaGw /fVg] x'G5g\ Ù !)@^ hgf JolQmx¿ cfˆgf k"j{sf k|l0fwfgx¿åf/f pml;t cg'alGwt x'g]5g\ Ù ;dosf s'6 pkb]zn] kl/kfs x'g]x¿ !)* hgf x'g]5g\ Ù sfld{s ;DaGw ePsf ;f]x| hgf k'?if / 5 hgf dlxnf u/]/ t]O; hgf sfld{s ;DaGw ePsfx¿ x'g]5g\ . cf7 af]lw;™j, kRrL; >4fjfg lziox¿, / kfFr 8flsgLx¿sf lgdf{0fsfo¿kL sNof0fldqx¿ x'g]5g\ . cfo{ s'naf6 cfPsf kRrL; :qLx¿l;t pgLx¿sf] e]6 x'g]5 / pgLx¿n] afwf Jofjwfg ;a} kG5fpg]5g\ . logdWo] sf]xL ljz]if¿kn] lrlgg]5g\ . Pshgf t To:tf] s'nk'q x'g]5 hf] d]/f] lrQs} lgdf{0fsfo xf] . To;kl5 pkfWofo / wd{/fh klg x'g]5g\ . pgLx¿n] ltdL ;a}sf lgdf{0fsfonfO{ e]6\g]5g\ / tL lgdf{0fsfoaf6 clwli7t eP/ ltgLx¿n] of] dxf :t"ksf] Jofks hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{5g\ . olb of] sfo{ ;kmn x'G5 eg] kRrL; jif{;Dd blIf0fL hDa'åLkdf clt pTs[i6 Pj+ pGgt afnL k|r'/ dfqdf lelqg]5g\ / htftt} v';L g} v';Lsf] jftfj/0f x'g]5 . ljz]if u/L ef/t, g]kfn / df]g b]zdf t]QL; jif{;Dd clt pGgt afnL pTkfbg eP/ v';L 5fpg]5 eg] ltAatdf t s] eGg], lxdb]z ltAatdf ldb'/ xf]/sf cfqmfds kmf}hx¿ ;f7L jif{;Ddsf nflu kl5 x6\g]5g\ / rfnL; jif{;Dd pGgt afnL / ;'v x'g]5 . ltAatsf ;4d{ ;fwsx¿n] h] lrtfPsf x'g\ ;a} k"/f x'g]5g\ . af]wuof / ;fDo] h:tf wfld{s cWoog s]Gb| / wd{rqmsf kljq :ynx¿ k|fs[lts k|sf]k / dxfe"tsf Ifltn] s'g} k|efj gkfg]{ x'g]5g\ . pGglt / k|ultsf ;a} tuf/fx¿ klG5P/ uO{ lzIff / cEof;sf af}4 k/Dk/fx¿ Jofks¿kn] km:6fpg]5g\ . ;4d{nfO{ wf/0f ul//fVg] ;a} kfjg JolQmx¿ nfdf] ;do;Dd afFRg]5g\ / 7"N7"nf cWofzon] o'Qm ePsf rof{x¿ ug]{5g\ . h;sf k|efj 6f9f 6f9f;Dd km}lng]5 . ;a} ltAatL dGqw/x¿ cfˆgf O{i6b]jtfsf] Wofgdf ;DkGgqmd;Dd k'Ug]5g\ / cltzL3| ;kmntfsf ;+s]tx¿ k|fKt ug]{5g\ . /fhf l7«;f]ª\ 8]5]g\sf ;Gtfg b/;Gtfg / ;4d{nfO{ cfb/ ug]{ ;a} gfOs]x¿n] 7"nf] k|ult ug]{5g\, pgLx¿sf zlQm, wg 24

/ k'0o ;a}df j[l4 x'g]5 . ltAatnfO{ tx; gx; kfl//fv]sf uf]d\kf] / df/x¿sf b'MzlQm ;a} k"0f{¿kn] gi6 x'g]5 . s'g} g s'g} ¿kn] o; hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] JolQmx¿n] tLg efjL h'gL;Dd b]j / dg'iosf z'4 ¿k kfO/fVg]5g\ . To;kl5 cGttf]uTjf klZrdL ;'vfjtL e'jgdf pgLx¿n] a'4Tj k|fKt ug]{5g\ . o; hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{k|lt cuf9 >4f, cf:yf /fVg], k|z+;f ;/fxgf ug]{ / cg'df]bg ug]{ ;a} ;ft h'gL;Dd k]n/Ll:yt k]df cf]sf zf]efodfg s'6fuf/df cfkm"nfO{ ljwfljx/x¿sf dfemdf kfpg]5g\ . h–h;n] o; hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{sf af/] ;'G5g\, :d/0f u5{g\, jf zfl//Ls¿kn] ;Dks{df cfpF5g\ pgLx¿ ;a}n] klxnf 5 xhf/ dxfsNk ;Dd ;+u|x ul/Psf Sn]zfj/0fx¿nfO{ zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o; dxfg hL0ff]{4f/ sfo{ ug]{ JolQm;+u ;+ut ug]{ ;a}n] cf—cfˆgf k|l0flw / >4fcg';f/ cg'Q/ / ;fdfGo ljleGg l;l4x¿ nfe ug]{5g\ . cGttf]uTjf pgLx¿ d pUo]g l/Dkf]5]s} pkl:yltdf ljBfljx/sf e"ld;Dd k'Ug]5g\ . hxfF;Dd o; dxf :t"knfO{ k"hf / k|l0flw ck{0f ubf{ s] nfe x'G5 eGg] s'/f 5 tL ;a} k"jf]Qm …nfeÚ bkmfdf JofVof ul/;lsPsf 5g\ To;}n] ToxfF pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ g} a'‰g'k5{ . tL cg'z+;fx¿nfO{ bz lbzf / lqsfnsf a'4x¿n] g} nfvf}+ sNk;Dd klg cljlR5Gg¿kn] JofVof ul//xg] xf] eg] klg ltgsf] JofVof ;lsg]5}g . lsgeg] wd{sfosf] nIf0f u'0f zAbn] JoQm ul/g] s'/f eGbf dfly 5g\ . h] h] dfly elgP, tL ;a} ;'g]/ pkl:yt ;a} ljZdorsLt eP . o:tf] siffosf] o'udf klg cfkm"x¿af6 dxfg k'0o cfh{g x'g ;Sg] ;DefJotfn] clwli7t ePsf]df, ;+nUg ;a}sf] eljio hfGg kfPsf]df ;a}n] w]/} w]/} wGojfb lbP . pUo]g dxfu'?sf] d'vf/ljGbaf6 pTkGg ePsf] jrgnfO{ ;a}n] :t"lt u/] . ‰of/f]ª\ vf:of]/ sf] Oltxf;cGtu{t hL0ff]{4f/s / hL0ff]{4f/sf cg'z+;fx¿ ;d]l6Psf] kfrf}F kl/R5]b oxL xf] . ;do, Uof, Uof, Uof -Olt ;dfKtd\, d'b|f+lstd\_

25

-pQ/n]v_ vfG8«f]df o]z] 5f]Uofnn] To;a]nf pUo]g l/Dkf]5]n] eGg'ePsf zAbx¿nfO{ cIf/;M n]v]/ clen]vsf ¿kdf tof/ kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . ToxL clen]vnfO{ To;kl5 lglw u|Gy -t]/df_ sf ¿kdf …u'?sf Åbof]kb]z nfe ug]{ wd{rqmÚ gfds pkb]zsf ;fydf zf]efodfg ldUo'/ Nx'g Uo' 8'a kfsf] dflyNnf] tNnfdf /x]sf] j}/f]rg a'4sf] 7"nf] k|ltdfk5fl8 n'sfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;fy;fy} Tof] n'sfpg] a]nf o;nfO{ kl5 plrt sfld{s ;DaGw x'g]n] cgfj/0f u/f];\ egL k|fy{gf klg ul/Psf] lyof] .

>j0fd'lQm M af}4 :t"ksf] Oltxf; ;doÙ Uof, Uof, Uof . o;nfO{ b]xfoadf]lhd rf/k|sf/n] d'b|flst ul/Psf] lyof] M != lglw d'b|f @= u'Xos[t d'b|f #= b]zgf d'b|f $= gLtfy{ jfSo d'b|f .

lglw e]§fpg] klxnf] JolQm -t]tf]{g_ sf] pQ/n]v d t]tf]{g Nxf5'g ªf]g\ df -Nxfjfª\ Uof5f] nf]8«f]_ x'F . ;fFlRrs} d}n] g} j}/f]rg a'4sf] k|ltdf k5fl8af6 of] lglwu|Gy km]nf kf/]sf] x'F . of] ljj/0fsf] Pp6f k|ltlnlk agfOg'k5{ / To;kl5 To;nfO{ PskN6 km]l/ lglw -t]df{_ s} ¿kdf n'sfOg'k5{Ú eg]/ pUo]g l/Gkf]5]sf] eljiojf0fLdf n]lvPsf] lyof] . To;} cg';f/ d}n] u/]F . d}n] kx]nf] sfuhdf n]lvPsf] t]df{ oyf:yfgd} /fVb} Psrf]l6 km]l/ To;sf] k|ltlnlknfO{ ;fDo]sf] /ftf] :t"ksf] blIf0f–klZrd lbzftkm{ cjl:yt l;xfF;gdf n'sfOlbPF . To;f] ubf{ ;xL sd{ ;DaGw x'g]sf] xftdf of] t]df{ k/f];\ eg]/ d}n] k|fy{gf klg u/]sf] lyPF . ;doÙ Uof, Uof, Uof

lglw e]§fpg] bf]>f] JolQm -t]tf]{g_ sf] pQ/n]v To;kl5 d ªfu\ rfª\ zfSof ;fª\kf] cfPF . u'? l/Gkf]5]sf] s[kfn' clwi7fg kfPsfn] ;kgfdfkm{t kl5 x'g] s'/fsf] d]/} af/] ul/Psf] eljiojf0fL k|fKt u/]sf] lyPF . To;kl5 d}n] 26

;f] lglw u|Gy -t]df{_ k'?if hn afFb/ jif{sf] e]F8f dlxgfsf] c7f/f}F rGb|df cg';f/sf] lbgdf k|fKt u/]sf] lyPF . o;n] ;a} ;™jsf dgnfO{ lxt u/f];\ Û

27