Lecture 22, Ch. 50

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Lecture #22  

Date ____



Chapter 50 ~  An Introduction to  Ecology and the  Biosphere

I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees. I speak for the trees,   for the trees have no tongues.   

 

Ecology



Components: •abiotic~nonliving chemical &     physical factors



•biotic~living factors Population~group of 

individualsof the same species in a  particular geographical area ●

Community~assemblage of   populations of different species



Ecosystem~all abiotic factors 

and the community of species in an  area ●

 

Rachel Carson, 1962,  Silent Spring

 

Abiotic factors



Biosphere~the sum of all the  planet’s ecosystems



Biome~ areas of predominant  flora and fauna

● ● ● ● ● ●  

Temperature Water Sunlight Wind Rocks & Soil Periodic disturbances

Ecotone:  biome grading areas  

Global climate ●

• Precipitation & Winds

Seasons

 

 

Lake stratification & turnover

● ● ●

Thermal stratification~ vertical temperature layering Biannual mixing~ spring and summer Turnover~ changing water temperature profiles; brings oxygenated water  from the surface to the bottom and nutrient rich water form the bottom to the  surface

 

 

Aquatic biomes ●

Vertical stratification:  •photic zone~ photosynthetic light  •aphotic zone~ little light             •thermocline~ narrow stratum of  rapid temperature chang  •benthic zone~ bottom substrate



Benthos~ community of  organisms



Detritus~ dead organic matter;  food for benthic organisms

 

 

Freshwater biomes ●

Littoral zone~ shallow, well­ lit waters close to shore



Limnetic zone~ well­lit, open  water farther from shore



Profundal zone~ deep,  aphotic waters



Lake classification: 

•oligotrophic~ deep, nutrient poor  •eutrophic~ shallow, high nutrient     

content

•mesotrophic~ moderate  productivity



Wetland~ area covered with  water



 

Estuary~ area where freshwater  merges with ocean

 

Marine biomes 



Intertidal zone~ area where  land meets water





Neritic zone~ shallow  regions over continental shelves Oceanic zone~ very deep 

water past the continental shelves ●

Pelagic zone~ open water of  any depth



Benthic zone~ seafloor  bottom



Abyssal zone~ benthic  region in deep oceans

 

 

Terrestrial biomes

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Tropical forests~ equator; most complex; constant temperature and rainfall; canopy Savanna~ tropical grassland with scattered trees; occasional fire and drought; large herbivores Desert~ sparse rainfall (<30cm/yr) Chaparral~ spiny evergreens at midlatitudes along coasts Temperate grassland~ all grasses; seasonal drought, occasional fires; large mammals Temperate deciduous forest~ midlatitude regions; broad­leaf deciduous trees Coniferous forest~ cone­bearing trees Tundra~ permafrost; very little precipitation

 

 

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