Lecture #2 - Occupancy

Occupancy Classifications & Codes, loads & Calculations

Codes affected by Occupancy Classification • • • • • •

Building Areas Building Heights Construction Types Egress Capacities Emergency Lighting Finish Selection/Placement • Fire Barriers • Fire Detection Systems

• Fire Extinguishing Systems • Furniture Selection/Placement • Means of Egress • Occupancy Loads • Plumbing Fixtures • Smoke Barriers • Smoke Detection Systems

Risk Factors • • • • •

Number of occupants If occupants are at rest or sleeping Alertness of the occupants Mobility of the occupants Familiarity of occupants with the space or building • Typical characteristics of the space used for a particular activity • Potential for spread of fire

Occupancy Groups • • • • • • • • • •

Assembly (A) Business (B) Education (E) Factory & Industrial (F) High Hazard (H) Institutional (I) Mercantile (M) Residential (R) Storage (S) Utility and Miscellaneous (U)

Assembly Large number of people (>=50) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Assembly

A-1 Assembly, Theatres A-2 Assembly, Food or Drink Consumption A-3 Assembly, Worship, Recreation, Amusement A-4 Assembly, Indoor Sporting Events A-5 Assembly, Outdoor Activities

A-A Assembly O.L. >1000 A-B Assembly, O.L. =301-1000 A-C Assembly, O.L. = 50-300

A-1 - Theatres • Viewing of performing arts or motion pictures • Stage not necessary • Fixed seats • Well defined Aisles • Low light levels • Unfamiliarity w/ building

A-2 Assembly, Food & Drink • Non fixed seating and tables • Poorly defined aisles • Impaired alertness • Poor fire history

A-3 Assembly, Worship, Recreation & Amusement • Category for those that don’t fit • Familiarity of occupants with the space or building • Sample building types include: Art Galleries, Bowling lanes, community halls, gymnasiums (without spectator seating,) libraries, museums, pool and billiard halls, etc.

Spectator Seating • A-4 Assembly Indoor Sporting Events

• A-5 Assembly, Outdoor Activities

Business (B) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Business

B Business

B Business

• Low Risk • Very Broad classification • Commonly mixed with other uses at a less than 50 people rate • Consider a conference room in a office environment • Sample building types include: Bank, City Hall, Dentists or Doctors offices, Fire Stations, Car Dealers, Travel Agencies, Outpatient clinics,

Education (E) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Education

E Education (including some daycare)

E Education

• Used by 6 or more people K-12 • Assembly rooms, auditoriums, cafeterias, gymnasiums, are typically handled not included • Shop and lab classes are typically included

Factory or Industrial (F) & Hazardous (H) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Factory/Industrial

F-1 Factory Industrial, Moderate Hazard F-2 Factory Industrial, Low Hazard

I-A Industrial, General I-B Industrial, Special Purpose I-C Industrial, High Hazard

Hazardous

H-1 Hazardous, Detonation Hazard H-2 Hazardous, Deflagration Hazard or Accelerated Burning H-3 Hazardous, Physical or Combustible Hazard H-4 Hazardous, Health Hazard H-5 Hazardous, Hazardous Production Materials (HPM)

(Included in Group I)

Other uses may shift into these categories due to what they store

Institutional (I) • Where people have restrictions placed upon them (typically medical or security based) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Institutional

I-1 Institutional, Supervised Personal Care, O.L. >16 I-2 Institutional, Health Care I-3 Institutional, Restrained I-4 Institutional, Day Care Facilities

D-I Detentional/Correctional, Free Egress D-II Detentional/Correctional, Zoned Egress D-III Detentional/Correctional, Zoned Impeded Egress D-IV Detentional/Correctional, Impeded Egress D-V Detentional/Correctional, Contained H Health Care DC Daycare

Institutional I-1 • More than 16 people • Occupants can respond to emergencies with little to no assistance • Typical buildings include: Alcohol and drug centers, Assisted living facilities, Convalescent facilities, group homes, halfway houses, etc.

Institutional I-2 • More than 5 people • Occupants are not able respond to emergencies on their own • Typical buildings include: 24 Day care, Detoxification facilities, Hospitals, Nursing Homes, etc.

Institutional I-3 • More than 5 people • Occupants are not able respond to emergencies on their own due to security measures • Typical buildings include: Correctional Institutions, Detention centers, jails, prisons, etc.

Institutional I-4 • More than 5 people • Less than 24 hour basis • Occupants are not able respond to emergencies on their own • Typical buildings include: Adult day cares, day care centers,

Mercantile (M) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Mercantile

M Mercantile

M-A Mercantile >3 levels or >30,000 sqft M-B Mercantile, floor above or below grade level, or from 3,001 to 30,000 sqft M-C Mercantile, 1 story and <=3,000 sqft

• Most retail falls under this category • Limited to storage amount & hazardous materials

Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Residential

R-1 Residential, Transient R-2 Residential, Multi-unit R-3 Residential, One- and TwoDwelling Units R-4 Residential, Care and Assisted Living Facilities O.L. 616

R-A Residential, Hotels & Dormitories R-B Residential, Apartments R-C Residential, Lodging or Rooming Houses R-D Residential, One- and TwoFamily Dwellings R-E Residential, Board and Care

Residential (R)

• Transient – typically less than 30 days • Occupants are not familiar with the surroundings • Typical buildings include: Boarding houses, Hotels, Inns, Motels, etc.

R-1 Residential

• Permanent sleeping in buildings containing more than two dwelling units • Typical buildings include: Apartments, Convents, Dormitories, Multiple single family dwellings, Fraternities/sororities

R-2 Residential

• • •

•

Defined as not fitting in R-1 or R-2 Primarily single-family residences and duplexes Could also be day-care facilities with fewer than 5 people for less than 24 hours a day Often covered by the International Residential Code (IRC)

R-3 Residential

• In lieu of Group I for residential or assisted living uses from 5-16 people.

R-4 Residential

Storage (S) Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

Storage

S-1 Storage, Moderate Hazard S-2 Storage, Low Hazard

• •

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000 S Storage

Dependant upon type of hazard and quantity stored Assumes very few people

Utility and Miscellaneous (U)

Occupancy Classification

ICC International Building Code

NFPA Life Safety Code and NFPA 5000

Utility/Miscellaneous

U Utility and Miscellaneous

Special Structures and High-rise Buildings

• • •

Unoccupied for a short time and separate from other uses Used sparingly and not meant to be a catch-all Often lots of other codes apply

Special Uses and Occupancies • • • • •

Covered Malls High-Rise Buildings Atriums Underground buildings Parking garages Additional code requirements are based on their configurations – not their uses

More than one occupancy type • Hotels (Residential) with restaurants, banquet halls, or workout rooms (Assembly or Business • Elementary and high schools (Educational) with gymnasiums, auditoriums, and cafeterias (Assembly) • Office buildings (Business) with day care centers (Educational or Institutional) • Hospitals (Institutional) with cafeterias (Assembly) • Factories (Industrial) combined with office headquarters (Business) • Malls (Mercantile) with small restaurants (Business) or large food courts (Assembly

Incidental Use

• Typically small • Hazardous like boiler rooms, furnace rooms, large storage rooms • Requires a fire separation

Accessory Use • 10% or less of the total space • Not hazardous, not fire separated

Multiple Accessory Use

Mixed Occupancies

IBC’s Separated Mixed Occupancy • Each portion treated under its own requirements

IBC’s Non-Separated Mixed Occupancy • Treated by the most stringent set of requirements

NFPA’s Mixed Multiple Occupancy • “Intermingled” • Same exiting components

NFPA’s Separated Multiple Occupancy • “Intermingled” • Same exiting components

Accessibility Requirements • Assembly - % of wheelchair locations, location/size of wheelchair areas in relation to fixed seats, access to performance areas, types of floor surfaces, possible assistive listening systems

• Business & Mercantile – size and height checkout counters and work surfaces, clearance and height of self-service shelves/displays, size of teller windows and information counters, width and quantity of checkout aisles, clearance at security elements, sizes and number of dressing rooms, type ad clearance at automatic teller machines

Occupant Loads • Determines a people count that the other codes are based on. • You may increase or decrease the occupant load • Gross vs. Net Occupant load = Floor area (sqft) / Occupant factor

Gross vs. Net

Primary & Secondary space

Mixed or Multiple Occupancies

Homework From the Study Guide: • Chapter 2 Short Answer Questions • Chapter 2 Study Problems • Please photocopy sheets from your study guides – fill them out and return at the start of class next week. • Explanation portion is important!