Latest Ieee Projects

Latest IEEE Projects S.No

IEEE Project Titles

Technology

. 1.

MINING FILE DOWNLOADING TIME IN STOCHASTIC PEER TO PEER NETWORKS Abstract: On-demand routing protocols use route caches to make routing decisions. Due to mobility, cached routes easily become stale. To address the cache staleness issue, prior work in DSR used heuristics with ad hoc parameters to

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predict the lifetime of a link or a route. However, heuristics cannot accurately estimate timeouts because topology changes are unpredictable. In this paper, we propose proactively disseminating the broken link information to the nodes that have that link in their caches. We define a new cache structure called a cache table and present a distributed cache update algorithm. Each node maintains in its cache table the information necessary for cache updates. When a link failure is detected, the algorithm notifies all reachable nodes that have cached the link in a distributed manner. The algorithm does not use any ad hoc parameters, thus making route caches fully adaptive to topology changes. We show that the algorithm outperforms DSR with path caches and with Link-Max Life, an adaptive timeout mechanism for link caches. We conclude that proactive cache updating is key to the adaptation of on-demand routing protocols to mobility.

2.

QUIVER: CONSISTENT OBJECT SHARING FOR EDGE SERVICES Abstract: We present Quiver, a system that coordinates service proxies placed at the “edge” of the Internet to serve distributed clients accessing a service involving mutable objects. Quiver enables these proxies to perform consistent accesses to shared objects by migrating the objects to proxies performing operations on those objects. These migrations dramatically improve performance when operations involving an object exhibit geographic locality, since migrating this object into the vicinity of proxies hosting these operations will benefit all such operations. This system reduces the workload in the server. It performs the all operations in the proxies itself. In this system the operations performed in First-InFirst-Out process. This system handles two process serializability and strict

JAVA

serializabilty for durability in the consistent object sharing . Other workloads benefit from Quiver, dispersing the computation load across the proxies and saving the costs of sending operation parameters over the wide area when these are large. Quiver also supports optimizations for single-object reads that do not involve migrating the object. We detail the protocols for implementing object operations and for accommodating the addition, involuntary disconnection, and voluntary departure of proxies. Finally, we discuss the use of Quiver to build an e-commerce application and a distributed network traffic modeling service.

3.

RATE & DELAY GUARANTEES PROVIDED BY CLOSE PACKET SWITCHES WITH LOAD BALANCING Abstract: In this paper, we consider an overarching problem that encompasses both performance metrics. In particular, we study the network capacity problem under a given network lifetime requirement. Specifically, for a wireless sensor network where each node is provisioned with an initial energy, if all nodes are required to live up to a certain lifetime criterion, Since the objective of maximizing the sum of rates of all the nodes in the network can lead to a severe bias in rate allocation among the nodes, we advocate the use of lexicographical max-min

JAVA

(LMM) rate allocation. To calculate the LMM rate allocation vector, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm by exploiting the parametric analysis (PA) technique from linear program (LP), which we call serial LP with Parametric Analysis (SLP-PA). We show that the SLP-PA can be also employed to address the LMM node lifetime problem much more efficiently than a state-of-the-art algorithm proposed in the literature. More important, we show that there exists an elegant duality relationship between the LMM rate allocation problem and the LMM node lifetime problem. Therefore, it is sufficient to solve only one of the two problems. Important insights can be obtained by inferring duality results for the other problem.

4.

GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO IMPROVING ACTIVE PACKET LOSS MEASUREMENT Abstract: Measurement and estimation of packet loss characteristics are challenging due to the relatively rare occurrence and typically short duration of packet loss episodes. While active probe tools are commonly used to measure packet loss on end-to-end paths, there has been little analysis of the accuracy of these tools or their impact on the network. The objective of our study is to understand how to measure packet loss episodes accurately with end-to-end probes. We begin by testing the capability of standard Poisson- modulated end-to-

JAVA

end measurements of loss in a controlled laboratory environment using IP routers and commodity end hosts. Our tests show that loss characteristics reported from such Poisson-modulated probe tools can be quite inaccurate over a range of traffic conditions. Motivated by these observations, we introduce a new algorithm for packet loss measurement that is designed to overcome the deficiencies in standard Poisson-based tools. Specifically, our method entails probe experiments that follow a geometric distribution to 1) enable an explicit trade-off between accuracy and impact on the network, and 2) enable more accurate measurements than standard Poisson probing at the same rate. We evaluate the capabilities of our methodology experimentally

by

developing

and

implementing

a

prototype

tool,

called

BADABING. The experiments demonstrate the trade-offs between impact on the network and measurement accuracy. We show that BADABING reports loss characteristics far more accurately than traditional loss measurement tools.

5.

A PRECISE TERMINATION CONDITION OF THE PROBALASTIC PACKET MARKING ALGORITHM Abstract: The probabilistic packet marking (PPM) algorithm is a promising way to discover the Internet map or an attack graph that the attack packets traversed during a distributed denial-of-service attack. However, the PPM algorithm is not perfect, as its termination condition is not well defined in the literature. More importantly, without a proper termination condition, the attack graph constructed by the PPM algorithm would be wrong. In this work, we provide a precise termination condition for the PPM algorithm and name the new algorithm the

JAVA

Rectified PPM (RPPM) algorithm. The most significant merit of the RPPM algorithm is that when the algorithm terminates, the algorithm guarantees that the constructed attack graph is correct, with a specified level of confidence. We carry out simulations on the RPPM algorithm and show that the RPPM algorithm can guarantee the correctness of the constructed attack graph under 1) different probabilities that a router marks the attack packets and 2) different structures of the network graph. The RPPM algorithm provides an autonomous way for the original PPM algorithm to determine its termination, and it is a promising means of enhancing the reliability of the PPM algorithm.

6.

INTRUSION DETECTION IN HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

&

Abstract: Intrusion detection in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is of practical interest in many applications such as detecting an intruder in a battlefield. The intrusion detection is defined as a mechanism for a WSN to detect the existence of inappropriate, incorrect, or anomalous moving attackers. In this paper, we consider

JAVA

this issue according to heterogeneous WSN models. Furthermore, we consider two sensing

detection

models:

single-sensing

detection

and

multiple-sensing

detection... Our simulation results show the advantage of multiple sensor heterogeneous WSNs.

7.

A DISTRIBUTED AND SCALABLE ROUTING TABLE MANAGER FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF IP ROUTERS In recent years, the exponential growth of Internet users with increased bandwidth requirements has led to the emergence of the next generation of IP routers. Distributed architecture is one of the promising trends providing petabit routers with a large switching capacity and high-speed interfaces. Distributed routers are designed with an optical switch fabric interconnecting line and control cards. Computing and memory resources are available on both control and line cards to perform routing and forwarding tasks. This new hardware architecture is not

.NET

efficiently utilized by the traditional software models where a single control card is responsible for all routing and management operations. The routing table manager plays an extremely critical role by managing routing information and in particular, a forwarding information table. This article presents a distributed architecture set up around a distributed and scalable routing table manager. This architecture also comes provides improvements in robustness and resiliency. The proposed architecture

8.

WATER MARKING RELATIONAL OPTIMIZATION BASED TECHNIQUES

DATABASE

USING

Abstract: Proving ownerships rights on outsourced relational database is a crucial issue in today's internet based application environments and in many content distribution applications. In this paper, we present a mechanism for proof of ownership based on the secure embedding of a robust imperceptible watermark in relational data. We formulate the watermarking of relational databases as a constrained optimization problem and discus efficient techniques to solve the optimization problem and to handle the on straints. Our watermarking technique is resilient to watermark synchronization errors because it uses a partioning approach that does not require marker tuple. Our approach overcomes a major weakness in previously proposed watermarking techniques. Watermark decoding is based on a threshold-based technique characterized by an optimal threshold that minimizes the probability of decoding errors. We implemented a proof of concept implementation of our watermarking technique and showed by experimental

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results that our technique is resilient to tuple deletion, alteration and insertion attacks

9.

PERFORMANCE OF A SPECULATIVE TRANSMISSION SCHEME FOR SCHEDULING LATENCY REDUCTION Abstract: This work was motivated by the need to achieve low latency in an input centrally-scheduled cell switch for high-performance computing applications; specifically, the aim is to reduce the latency incurred between issuance of a request and arrival of the corresponding grant. We introduce a speculative transmission scheme to significantly reduce the average latency by allowing cells to proceed without waiting for a grant. It operates in conjunction with any

JAVA

centralized matching algorithm to achieve a high maximum utilization. An analytical model is presented to investigate the efficiency of the speculative transmission scheme employed in a non-blocking N*NR input-queued crossbar switch with receivers R per output. The results demonstrate that the can be almost entirely eliminated for loads up to 50%. Our simulations confirm the analytical results.

10.

TWO TECHNIQUES FOR FAST COMPUTATION OF CONSTRAINED SHORTEST PATH Abstract: Computing constrained shortest paths is fundamental to some important network functions such as QoS routing, MPLS path selection, ATM circuit routing, and traffic engineering. The problem is to find the cheapest path that satisfies certain constraints. In particular, finding the cheapest delay-constrained path is critical for real-time data flows such as voice/video calls. Because it is NPcomplete, much research has been designing heuristic algorithms that solve the -approximation of the problem with an adjustable accuracy. A common approach is to discretize (i.e., scale and round) the link delay or link cost, which transforms the original problem to a simpler one solvable in polynomial time. The efficiency of the algorithms directly relates to the magnitude of the errors introduced during discretization. In this paper, we propose two techniques that reduce the discretization errors, which allow faster algorithms to be designed. Reducing the overhead of computing constrained shortest paths is practically important for the successful design of a high-throughput QoS router, which is limited at both processing power and memory space. Our simulations show that the new algorithms reduce the execution time by an order of magnitude on power-law

JAVA

topologies with 1000 nodes.

11.

A NEW MODEL FOR DISSEMINATION OF XML CONTENT Abstract: The paper proposes an approach to content dissemination that exploits the structural properties of an Extensible Markup Language (XML) document object model in order to provide an efficient dissemination and at the same time assuring content integrity and confidentiality. Our approach is based on the notion of encrypted post order numbers that support the integrity and confidentiality requirements of XML content as well as facilitate efficient identification, extraction, and distribution of selected content portions. By using such notion, we develop a structure based routing scheme that prevents information leaks in the XML data dissemination, and assures that content is delivered to users according to the access control policies, that is, policies specifying which users can receive which portions of the contents. Our proposed dissemination approach further enhances such structure based, policy-based

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routing by combining it with multicast in order to achieve high efficiency in terms of bandwidth usage and speed of data delivery, thereby enhancing scalability. Our dissemination approach thus represents an efficient and secure mechanism for use in applications such as publish–subscribe systems for XML Documents. The publish– subscribe model restricts the consumer and document source information to the routers to which they register with. Our framework facilitates dissemination of contents with varying degrees of confidentiality and integrity requirements in a mix of trusted and untrusted networks, which is prevalent incurrent settings across enterprise networks and the web. Also, it does not require the routers to be aware of any security policy in the sense that the routers do not need to implement any policy related to access control. Index Terms—Encryption, Extensible Markup Language

12.

EFFICIENT 2-D GRAY SCALE MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS WITH ARBITRALY FLAT STRUCTURING ELEMENTS Abstract: An efficient algorithm is presented for the computation of grayscale morphological operations with arbitrary 2-D flat structuring elements (S.E.). The required computing time is independent of the image content and of the number of gray levels used. It always outperforms the only existing comparable method, which was proposed in the work by Van Droogen broeck and Talbot, by a factor between

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3.5 and 35.1, depending on the image type and shape of S.E. So far, filtering using multiple S.E.s is always done by performing the operator for each size and shape of the S.E. separately. With our method, filtering with multiple S.E.s can be performed by a single operator for a slightly reduced computational cost per size or shape, which makes this method more suitable for use in granulometries, dilation-erosion scale spaces, and template matching using the hit-or-miss transform. The discussion focuses on erosions and dilations, from which other transformations can be derived.

13.

RATE ALLOCATION & NETWORK LIFETIME PROBLEM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Abstract: In this paper, we consider an overarching problem that encompasses both performance metrics. In particular, we study the network capacity problem under a given network lifetime requirement. Specifically, for a wireless sensor network where each node is provisioned with an initial energy, if all nodes are required to live up to a certain lifetime criterion, Since the objective of maximizing the sum of rates of all the nodes in the network can lead to a severe bias in rate allocation among the nodes, we advocate the use of lexicographical max-min (LMM) rate allocation. To calculate the LMM rate allocation vector, we develop a

.NET

polynomial-time algorithm by exploiting the parametric analysis (PA) technique from linear program (LP), which we call serial LP with Parametric Analysis (SLP-PA). We show that the SLP-PA can be also employed to address the LMM node lifetime problem much more efficiently than a state-of-the-art algorithm proposed in the literature. More important, we show that there exists an elegant duality relationship between the LMM rate allocation problem and the LMM node lifetime problem. Therefore, it is sufficient to solve only one of the two problems. Important insights can be obtained by inferring duality results for the other problem.

14.

VISION BASED PROCESSING FOR REAL TIME ACQUISITION BASED CODE STRUCTURED LIGHT

3-D

DATA

Abstract: The structured light vision system is a successfully used for the measurement of 3D surface in vision. There is some limitation in the above scheme, that is tens of picture are captured to recover a 3D sense. This paper presents an idea for real-time Acquisition of 3-D surface data by a specially coded vision system. To achieve 3-D measurement for a dynamic scene, the data acquisition must be performed with only a single image. A principle of uniquely

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color-encoded pattern projection is proposed to design a color matrix for improving the reconstruction efficiency. The matrix is produced by a special code sequence and a number of state transitions. A color projector is controlled by a computer to generate the desired color patterns in the scene. The unique indexing of the light codes is crucial here for color projection since it is essential that each light grid be uniquely identified by incorporating local neighborhoods so that 3-D reconstruction can be performed with only local analysis of a single image. A scheme is presented to describe such a vision processing method for fast 3-D data acquisition. Practical experimental performance is provided to analyze the efficiency of the proposed methods

15.

A SIGNATURE BASED INDEXING METHOD FOR EFFICIENT CONTENT BASED RETRIEVAL OF RELATIVE TEMPORAL PATTERNS Abstract: Project aims for efficient content based retrieval process of relative temporal

pattern

using signature

based indexing method.

Rule

discovery

algorithms in data mining generate a large number of patterns/rules, sometimes even exceeding the size of the underlying database, with only a small fraction being of interest to the user. It is generally understood that interpreting the discovered patterns/rules to gain insight into the domain is an important phase in the knowledge discovery process. However, when there are a large number of generated rules, identifying and analyzing those that are interesting becomes difficult. We address the problem of efficiently retrieving subsets of a large collection of previously discovered temporal patterns. When processing queries on

JAVA/J2EE

a small database of temporal patterns, sequential scanning of the patterns followed by straightforward computations of query conditions is sufficient. However, as the database grows, this procedure can be too slow, and indexes should be built to speed up the queries. The problem is to determine what types of indexes are suitable for improving the speed of queries involving the content of temporal patterns. We propose a system with signature-based indexing method to speed up content-based queries on temporal patterns And It’s used to optimize the storage and retrieval of a large collection of relative temporal patterns. The use of signature files improves the performance of temporal pattern retrieval. This retrieval system is currently being combined with visualization techniques for monitoring the behavior of a single pattern or a group of patterns over time.

16.

USING THE CONCEPTUAL COHESION OF CLASSES FOR FAULT

JAVA

PREDICTION IN OBJECT ORIENTED SYSTEMS Abstract: High cohesion is desirable property in software systems to achieve reusability and maintainability. In this project we are measures for cohesion in Object-Oriented (OO) software reflect particular interpretations of cohesion and capture different aspects of it. In existing approaches the cohesion is calculate from the structural information for example method attributes and references. In conceptual cohesion of classes, i.e. in our project we are calculating the unstructured information from the source code such as comments and identifiers. Unstructured information is embedded in the source code. To retrieve the unstructured information from the source code Latent Semantic Indexing is used. A large case study on three open source software systems is presented which compares the new measure with an extensive set of existing metrics and uses them to construct models that predict software faults. In our project we are achieving the high cohesion and we are predicting the fault in Object –Oriented Systems

17.

TRUTH DISCOVERY WITH MULTIPLE CONFLICTING INFORMATION PROVIDERS ON WEB Abstract: The world-wide web has become the most important information source for most of us. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee for the correctness of information on the web. Moreover, different web sites often provide conflicting information on a subject, such as different specifications for the same product. In this paper we propose a new problem called Veracity that is conformity to truth, which studies how to find true facts from a large amount of conflicting information on many subjects that is provided by various web sites. We design a general

JAVA/J2EE

framework for the Veracity problem, and invent an algorithm called Truth Finder, which utilizes the relationships between web sites and their information, i.e., a web site is trustworthy if it provides many pieces of true information, and a piece of information is likely to be true if it is provided by many trustworthy web sites. Our experiments show that Truth Finder successfully finds true facts among conflicting information, and identifies trustworthy web sites better than the popular search engines.

18.

LOCATION BASED SPATIAL QUERY PROCESSING IN WIRELESS BROADCAST ENVIRONMENTS Abstract: Location-based spatial queries (LBSQ s) refer to spatial queries whose answers rely on the location of the inquirer. Efficient processing of LBSQ s is of critical importance with the ever-increasing deployment and use of mobile technologies. We show that LBSQ s has certain unique characteristics that the

JAVA

traditional spatial query processing in centralized databases does not address. For example,

a

significant

challenge

is

presented

by

wireless

broadcasting

environments, which have excellent scalability but often exhibit high-latency database access. In this paper, we present a novel query processing technique that, though maintaining high scalability and accuracy, manages to reduce the latency considerably in answering LBSQ s. Our approach is based on peer-to-peer sharing, which enables us to process queries without delay at a mobile host by using query results cached in its neighboring mobile peers. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach through a probabilistic analysis, and we illustrate the appeal of our technique through extensive simulation results.

19.

BANDWIDTH ESTIMATION FOR IEEE 802.11 BASED ADHOC NETWORK Abstract: Since 2005, IEEE 802.11-based networks have been able to provide a certain level of quality of service (QoS) by the means of service differentiation, due to the IEEE 802.11e amendment. However, no mechanism or method has been standardized to accurately evaluate the amount of resources remaining on a given channel. Such an evaluation would, however, be a good asset for bandwidthconstrained applications. In multihop ad hoc networks, such evaluation becomes

JAVA

even more difficult. Consequently, despite the various contributions around this research topic, the estimation of the available bandwidth still represents one of the main issues in this field. In this paper, we propose an improved mechanism to estimate the available bandwidth in IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc networks. Through simulations, we compare the accuracy of the estimation we propose to the estimation performed by other state-of-the-art QoS protocols, BRuIT, AAC, and QoS-AODV.

20.

MODELING & AUTOMATED CONTAINMENT OF WORMS Abstract: Self-propagating codes, called worms, such as Code Red, Nimda, and Slammer, have drawn significant attention due to their enormously adverse impact on the Internet. Thus, there is great interest in the research community in modeling the spread of worms and in providing adequate defense mechanisms against them. In this paper, we present a (stochastic) branching process model for characterizing the propagation of Internet worms. The model is developed for uniform scanning worms and then extended to preference scanning worms. This model leads to the development of an automatic worm containment strategy that prevents the spread of a worm beyond its early stage. Specifically, for uniform scanning worms, we are able to determine whether the worm spread will eventually stop. We then extend our results to contain uniform scanning worms.

JAVA

Our automatic worm containment schemes effectively contain both uniform scanning worms and local preference scanning worms, and it is validated through simulations and real trace data to be non intrusive.

21.

TRUST WORTHY COMUTING UNDER RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS WITH THE DOWN POLICY Abstract: In this project we present a simple way to resolve a complicated network security. This is done by the following two ways. They are as follows, first is the decrypt only when necessary (DOWN) policy, which can substantially improve the ability of low-cost to protect the secrets. The DOWN policy relies on the ability to operate with fractional parts of secrets. We discuss the feasibility of

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extending the DOWN policy to various asymmetric and symmetric cryptographic primitives. The second is cryptographic authentication strategies which employ only symmetric cryptographic primitives, based on novel ID-based key predistribution schemes that demand very low complexity of operations to be performed by the secure coprocessors (ScP) and can take good advantage of the DOWN policy.

22.

BENEFIT-BASED DATA CACHING IN AD HOC NETWORKS Data caching can significantly improve the efficiency of information access in a wireless ad hoc network by reducing the access latency and bandwidth usage. However, designing efficient distributed caching algorithms is non-trivial when network nodes have limited memory. In this article, we consider the cache placement problem of minimizing total data access cost in ad hoc networks with multiple data items and nodes with limited memory capacity. The above optimization problem is known to be NP-hard. Defining benefit as the reduction in total access cost, we present a polynomial-time centralized approximation algorithm that provably delivers a solution whose benefit is at least one-fourth

JAVA

(one-half for uniform-size data items) of the optimal benefit. The approximation algorithm is amenable to localized distributed implementation, which is shown via simulations to perform close to the approximation algorithm. Our distributed algorithm naturally extends to networks with mobile nodes. We simulate our distributed algorithm using a network simulator (ns2), and demonstrate that it significantly outperforms another existing caching technique (by Yin and Cao [30]) in all important performance metrics. The performance differential is particularly large in more challenging scenarios, such as higher access frequency and smaller memory.

23.

STATISTICAL

TECHNIQUES

FOR

DETECTING

TRAFFIC

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ANOMALIES THROUGH PACKET HEADER DATA Abstract: THE frequent attacks on network infrastructure, using various forms of denial of service (DoS) attacks and worms, have led to an increased need for developing techniques for analyzing and monitoring network traffic. If efficient analysis tools were available, it could become possible to detect the attacks, anomalies and take action to suppress them before they have had much time to propagate across the network. In this paper, we study the possibilities of trafficanalysis based mechanisms for attack and anomaly detection. The motivation for this work came from a need to reduce the likelihood that an attacker may hijack the campus machines to stage an attack on a third party. A campus may want to prevent or limit misuse of its machines in staging attacks, and possibly limit the liability from such attacks. In particular, we study the utility of observing packet header data of outgoing traffic, such as destination addresses, port numbers and the number of flows, in order to detect attacks/anomalies originating from the campus at the edge of a campus. Detecting anomalies/attacks close to the source allows us to limit the potential damage close to the attacking machines. Traffic monitoring close to the source may enable the network operator quicker identification of potential anomalies and allow better control of administrative domain’s resources. Attack propagation could be slowed through early detection. Our approach passively monitors network traffic at regular intervals and analyzes it to find any abnormalities in the aggregated traffic. By observing the traffic and correlating it to previous states of traffic, it may be possible to see whether the current traffic is behaving in a similar (i.e., correlated) manner. The network traffic could

look

different

because

of

flash

crowds,

changing

access

patterns,

infrastructure problems such as router failures, and DoS attacks. In the case of bandwidth attacks, the usage of network may be increased and abnormalities may show up in traffic volume. Flash crowds could be observed through sudden increase in traffic volume to a single destination. Sudden increase of traffic on a certain port could signify the onset of an anomaly such as worm propagation. Our approach relies on analyzing packet header data in order to provide indications of Possible abnormalities in the traffic.

24.

HBA DISTRIBUTED METADATA MANAGEMENT SCALE CLUSTER BASED STORAGE SYSTEM

FOR LARGE

Abstract: An efficient and distributed scheme for file mapping or file lookup is critical in decentralizing metadata management within a group of metadata

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servers, here the technique used called HIERARCHICAL BLOOM FILTER ARRAYS (HBA) to map filenames to the metadata servers holding their metadata. The Bloom filter arrays with different levels of accuracies are used on each metadata server. The first one with low accuracy and used to capture the destination metadata server information of frequently accessed files. The other array is used to maintain the destination metadata information of all files. Simulation results show our HBA design to be highly effective and efficient in improving the performance and scalability of file systems in clusters with 1,000 to 10,000 nodes (or super clusters) and with the amount of data in the petabyte scale or higher. HBA is reducing metadata operation by using the single metadata architecture instead of 16 metadata server.

25.

TEMPORAL PORTIONING OF COMMUNICATION RESOURCES IN AN INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURE Abstract: Integrated architectures in the automotive and avionic domain promise improved resource utilization and enable a better coordination of application subsystems compared to federated systems. An integrated architecture shares the system’s communication resources by using a single physical network for exchanging messages of multiple application subsystems. Similarly, the computational resources (for example, memory and CPU time) of each node computer are available to multiple software components. In order to support a seamless system integration without unintended side effects in such an integrated architecture, it is important to ensure that the software components do not

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interfere through the use of these shared resources. For this reason, the DECOS integrated architecture encapsulates application subsystems and their constituting software components. At the level of the communication system, virtual networks on top of an underlying time-triggered physical network exhibit predefined temporal properties (that is, bandwidth, latency, and latency jitter). Due to encapsulation, the temporal properties of messages sent by a software component are independent from the behavior of other software components, in particular from those within other application subsystems

26.

GRID SERVICE DISCOVERY WITH ROUGH SETS Abstract: A rough set is a formal approximation of a crisp set (conventional set) in terms of a pair of sets which give the lower and the upper approximation of the original set. The lower and upper approximation sets themselves are crisp sets in the standard version of rough set theory, but in other variations, the approximating sets may be fuzzy sets as well. The computational grid is rapidly

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evolving into a service-oriented computing infrastructure that facilitates resource sharing and large-scale problem solving over the Internet. Service discovery becomes an issue of vital importance in utilizing grid facilities. This paper presents ROSSE, a Rough sets-based search engine for grid service discovery. Building on the Rough sets theory, ROSSE is novel in its capability to deal with the uncertainty of properties when matching services. In this way, ROSSE can discover the services that are most relevant to a service query from a functional point of view. Since functionally matched services may have distinct nonfunctional properties related to the quality of service (QoS), ROSSE introduces a QoS model to further filter matched services with their QoS values to maximize user satisfaction in service discovery.

27.

THE EFFECT OF PAIRS IN PROGRAM DESIGN TASKS In this project efficiency of pairs in program design tasks is identified by using pair programming concept. Pair programming involves two developers simultaneously collaborating with each other on the same programming task to design and code a solution. Algorithm design and its implementation are normally merged and it provides feedback to enhance the design. Previous controlled pair programming experiments did not explore the efficacy of pairs against individuals in program design-related tasks. Variations in programmer skills in a particular language or an integrated development environment and the understanding of programming instructions can cover the skill of subjects in program design-related

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tasks. Programming aptitude tests (PATs) have been shown to correlate with programming performance. PATs do not require understanding of programming instructions and do not require a skill in any specific computer language. By conducting two controlled experiments, with full-time professional programmers being the subjects who worked on increasingly complex programming aptitude tasks related to problem solving and algorithmic design. In both experiments, pairs significantly outperformed individuals, providing evidence of the value of pairs in program design-related tasks.

28.

CONSTRUCTING INTER-DOMAIN PACKET FILTERS TO CONTROL IP SPOOFING BASED ON BGP UPDATES Abstract: The Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is a serious threat to the legitimate use of the Internet. Prevention mechanisms are thwarted by the ability of attackers to forge or spoof the source addresses in IP packets. By employing IP spoofing, attackers can evade detection and put a substantial burden

JAVA

on the destination network for policing attack packets. In this paper, we propose an inter-domain packet filter (IDPF) architecture that can mitigate the level of IP spoofing on the Internet. A key feature of our scheme is that it does not require global routing information. IDPFs are constructed from the information implicit in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route updates and are deployed in network border routers. We establish the conditions under which the IDPF framework correctly works in that it does not discard packets with valid source addresses. Based on extensive simulation studies, we show that, even with partial deployment on the Internet, IDPFs can proactively limit the spoofing capability of attackers. In addition, they can help localize the origin of an attack packet to a small number of candidate networks.

29.

ORTHOGONAL DATA EMBEDDING FOR BINARY IMAGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORM DOMAIN- A HIGH-CAPACITY APPROACH This paper proposes a data-hiding technique for binary images in morphological transform domain for authentication purpose. To achieve blind watermark extraction, it is difficult to use the detail coefficients directly as a location map to determine the data-hiding locations. Hence, we view flipping an edge pixel in binary images as shifting the edge location one pixel horizontally and vertically. Based on this observation, we propose an interlaced morphological binary wavelet transform to track the shifted edges, which thus facilitates blind watermark extraction and incorporation of cryptographic signature. Unlike existing blockbased approach, in which the block size is constrained by 3times3 pixels or larger, we process an image in 2times2 pixel blocks. This allows flexibility in tracking the edges and also achieves low computational complexity. The two processing cases that flipping the candidates of one does not affect the flippability conditions of another are employed for orthogonal embedding, which renders more suitable candidates can be identified such that a larger capacity can be achieved. A novel effective Backward-Forward Minimization method is proposed, which considers both backwardly those neighboring processed embeddable candidates and forwardly those unprocessed flippable candidates that may be affected by flipping

J2EE

the current pixel. In this way, the total visual distortion can be minimized. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of our arguments.

30.

PROTECTION OF DATABASE SECURITY VIA COLLABORATIVE INFERENCE DETECTION Abstract: Malicious users can exploit the correlation among data to infer sensitive information from a series of seemingly innocuous data accesses. Thus, we develop an inference violation detection system to protect sensitive data content. Based on data dependency, database schema and semantic knowledge. we constructed a semantic inference model (SIM) that represents the possible inference channels from any attribute to the pre-assigned sensitive attributes. The SIM is then instantiated to a semantic inference graph (SIG) for query-time inference violation detection. For a single user case, when a user poses a query, the detection system will

J2EE

examine his/her past query log and calculate the probability of inferring sensitive information. The query request will be denied if the inference probability exceeds the pre specified threshold. For multi-user cases, the users may share their query answers to increase the inference probability. Therefore, we develop a model to evaluate collaborative inference based on the query sequences of collaborators and their task-sensitive collaboration levels. Experimental studies reveal that information authoritativeness, communication fidelity and honesty in collaboration are three key factors that affect the level of achievable collaboration. An example is given to illustrate the use of the proposed technique to prevent multiple collaborative users from deriving sensitive information via inference.

31

SECURITY IN LARGE MEDIATOR PROTOCOLS The

combination

of 3AQKDP (implicit)

and

3AQKDPMA

JAVA (explicit)

quantum

cryptography is used to provide authenticated secure communication between sender and receiver. In quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) employ quantum mechanisms to distribute session keys and public discussions to check for eavesdroppers and verify the correctness of a session key. However, public discussions require additional communication rounds between a sender and receiver. The advantage of quantum cryptography easily resists replay and passive attacks. A 3AQKDP with implicit user authentication, which ensures that confidentiality is only possible for legitimate users and mutual authentication is achieved only after secure communication using the session key start.

In implicit quantum key distribution protocol(3AQKDP) have two phases such as setup phase and distribution phase to provide three party authentication with secure session key distribution. In this system there is no mutual understanding between sender and receiver. Both sender and receiver should communicate over trusted center. In explicit quantum key distribution protocol (3AQKDPMA) have two phases such as setup phase and distribution phase to provide three party authentications with secure session key distribution. I have mutual understanding between sender and receiver.

Both

sender

and

receiver

should

communicate

directly

with

authentication of trusted center. Disadvantage of separate process 3AQKDP and 3AQKDPMA were provide the authentication only for message, to identify the security threads in the message. Not identify the security threads in the session key.

32

ESTIMATION OF DEFECTS BASED ON EFECT DECAY MODEL: ED3M An accurate prediction of the number of defects in a software product during system testing contributes not only to the management of the system testing process but also to the estimation of the product’s required maintenance. Here, a new approach, called Estimation of Defects based on Defect Decay Model (ED3M) is presented that computes an estimate the defects in an ongoing testing process. ED3M is based on estimation theory. Unlike many existing approaches, the technique presented here does not depend on historical data from previous projects or any assumptions about the requirements and/or testers’ productivity. It is a completely automated approach that relies only on the data collected during an ongoing testing process. This is a key advantage of the ED3M approach as it makes it widely applicable in different testing environments. Here, the ED3M approach has been evaluated using five data sets from large industrial projects and two data sets from the literature. In addition, a performance analysis has been conducted using simulated data sets to explore its behavior using different models for the input data. The results are very promising; they indicate the ED3M approach provides accurate estimates with as fast or better convergence time in comparison to well-known alternative techniques, while only using defect data as the input.

33

ACTIVE LEARNING RETRIEVAL

METHODS

FOR

INTERACTIVE

IMAGE

.NET

Active learning methods have been considered with increased interest in the statistical learning community. Initially developed within a classification framework, a lot of extensions are now being proposed to handle multimedia applications. This paper provides algorithms within a statistical framework to extend active learning for online content-based image retrieval (CBIR). The classification framework is presented with experiments to compare several powerful classification techniques in this information retrieval context. Focusing on interactive methods, active learning strategy is then described. The limitations of this approach for CBIR are emphasized before presenting our new active selection process RETIN. First, as any active method is sensitive to the boundary estimation between classes, the RETIN strategy carries out a boundary correction to make the retrieval process more robust. Second, the criterion of generalization error to optimize the active learning selection is modified to better represent the CBIR objective of database ranking. Third, a batch processing of images is proposed. Our strategy leads to a fast and efficient active learning scheme to retrieve sets of online images (query concept). Experiments on large databases show that the RETIN method performs well in comparison to several other active strategies.

34

LOCALIZED

SENSOR

AREA

COVERAGE

WITH

LOW

COMMUNICATION OVERHEAD We

propose

several

localized

sensor

area

coverage

protocols

for

heterogeneous sensors, each with arbitrary sensing and transmission radii. Each sensor have a time out period and listens to messages sent by respective nodes before the time out expires. Sensor nodes whose sensing area is not fully covered (or fully covered but with a disconnected set of active sensors) when the deadline expires decide to remain active for the considered round and transmit an activity

.NET

message announcing it. In our approach, sensor decides to sleep only if neighbor sensor is active or not covered. Covered nodes decide to sleep, with or without transmitting a withdrawal message to inform neighbors about the status. After hearing from more neighbors, inactive sensors may observe that they became covered and may decide to alter their original decision and transmit a retreat message.

35

HARDWARE ENHANCED ASSOCIATION RULE MINING WITH HASHING AND PIPELINING

.NET

Data mining techniques have been widely used in various applications. One of the most important data mining applications is association rule mining. Apriori-based association rule mining in hardware, one has to load candidate itemsets and a database into the hardware. Since the capacity of the hardware architecture is fixed, if the number of candidate itemsets or the number of items in the database is larger than the hardware capacity, the items are loaded into the hardware separately. The time complexity of those steps that need to load candidate itemsets or database items into the hardware is in proportion to the number of candidate itemsets multiplied by the number of items in the database. Too many candidate itemsets and a large database would create a performance bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a HAsh-based and PiPelIned (abbreviated as HAPPI) architecture for hardware enhanced association rule mining. Therefore, we can effectively reduce the frequency of loading the database into the hardware.

36

HAPPI solves the bottleneck problem in a priori-based hardware schemes. DUAL-LINK FAILURE RESILIENCY THROUGH BACKUP LINK MUTUAL EXCLUSION Networks employ link protection to achieve fast recovery from link failures. While the first link failure can be protected using link protection, there are several alternatives for protecting against the second failure. This paper formally classifies the approaches to dual-link failure resiliency. One of the strategies to recover from dual-link failures is to employ link protection for the two failed links independently, which requires that two links may not use each other in their backup paths if they may fail simultaneously. Such a requirement is referred to as backup link mutual exclusion (BLME) constraint and the problem of identifying a backup path for every link that satisfies the above requirement is referred to as the BLME problem. This paper develops the necessary theory to establish the sufficient conditions for existence of a solution to the BLME problem. Solution methodologies for the BLME problem is developed using two approaches by: 1) formulating the backup path selection as an integer linear program; 2) developing a polynomial time heuristic based on minimum cost path routing. The ILP formulation and heuristic are applied to six networks and their performance is compared with approaches that assume precise knowledge of dual- link failure. It is observed that a solution exists for all of the six networks considered. The heuristic approach is shown to obtain feasible solutions that are resilient to most dual-link failures, although the backup path lengths may be significantly higher

JAVA

than optimal. In addition, the paper illustrates the significance of the knowledge of failure location by illustrating that network with higher connectivity may require lesser capacity than one with a lower connectivity to recover from dual-link failures

37

A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR SEMANTIC ANNOTATION AND PERSONALIZED RETRIEVAL OF SPORTS VIDEO Sports video annotation is important for sports video semantic analysis such as event detection and personalization. We propose a novel approach for sports video semantic annotation and personalized retrieval. Different from the state of the art sports video analysis methods which heavily rely on audio/visual features, the proposed approach incorporates web-casting text into sports video analysis. Compared with previous approaches, the contributions of our approach include the following. 1) The event detection accuracy is significantly improved due to the incorporation of web-casting text analysis. 2) The proposed approach is able to detect exact event boundary

.NET

and extract event semantics that are very difficult or impossible to be handled by previous approaches. 3) The proposed method is able to create personalized summary from both general and specific point of view related to particular game, event, player or team according to user’s preference. We present the framework of our approach and details of text analysis, video analysis, text/video alignment, and personalized retrieval. The experimental results on event boundary detection in sports video are encouraging and comparable to the manually selected events. The evaluation on personalized retrieval is effective in helping meet users’ expectations.

38

EFFICIENT RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR WIRELESS MULTICAST In this paper, we propose a bandwidth-efficient multicast mechanism for heterogeneous wireless networks. We reduce the bandwidth cost of a IP multicast tree by adaptively selecting the cell and the wireless technology for each mobile host to join the multicast group. Our mechanism enables more mobile hosts to cluster together and lead to the use of fewer cells to save the scarce wireless bandwidth. Besides, the paths in the multicast tree connecting to the selected cells

.NET

share more common links to save the wireline bandwidth. Our mechanism supports the dynamic group membership and offers mobility of group members. Moreover, our mechanism requires no modification on the current IP multicast routing protocols. We formulate the selection of the cell and the wireless technology for each mobile host in the heterogeneous wireless networks as an optimization problem. We use Integer Linear Programming to model the problem and show that the problem is NP-hard. To solve the problem, we propose an distributed algorithm based on Lagrangean relaxation and a network protocol based on the algorithm. The simulation results show that our mechanism can effectively save the wireless and wireline bandwidth as compared to the traditional IP multicast.

39

EFFICIENT ROUTING IN INTERMITTENTLY CONNECTED MOBILE NETWORKS: THE MULTIPLE COPY CASE Intermittently connected mobile networks are wireless networks where most of the time there does not exist a complete path from the source to the destination. There are many real networks that follow this model, for example, wildlife tracking sensor networks, military networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, etc. In this context, conventional routing schemes fail, because they try to establish complete end-toend paths, before any data is sent. To deal with such networks researchers have suggested to use flooding-based routing schemes. While flooding-based schemes have a high probability of delivery, they waste a lot of energy and suffer from severe contention which can significantly degrade their performance. Furthermore, proposed efforts to reduce the overhead of flooding-based schemes have often been plagued by large delays. With this in mind, we introduce a new family of routing schemes that “spray” a few message copies into the network, and then route each copy independently towards the destination. We show that, if carefully designed, spray routing

40

FUZZY

CONTROL

CONSISTENT

MODEL

TRAFFIC

OPTIMIZATION

ROUTING

FOR

UNDER

BEHAVIOR-

INFORMATION

PROVISION This paper presents an H-infinity filtering approach to optimize a fuzzy control model used to determine behavior consistent(BC) information-based control strategies to improve the performance of congested dynamic traffic networks. By adjusting the associated membership function parameters to better respond to nonlinearities and modeling errors, the approach is able to enhance the

.NET

computational performance of the fuzzy control model. Computational efficiency is an important aspect in this problem context, because the information strategies are required in sub real time to be real-time deployable. Experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. The results indicate that the optimized fuzzy control model contributes in determining the BC informationbased control strategies in significantly less computational time than when the default controller is used. Hence, the proposed H-infinity approach contributes to the development of an efficient and robust information-based control

Previous Years IEEE Projects S.No. IEEE Project Titles 41. Distributed cache updating for the Dynamic source routing protocol

Year

Abstract: On-demand routing protocols use route caches to make routing decisions. Due to mobility, cached routes easily become stale. To address the cache staleness issue, prior work in DSR used heuristics with ad hoc parameters to predict the lifetime of a link or a route. However, 2006/Java heuristics cannot accurately estimate timeouts because topology changes are unpredictable. In this paper, we propose proactively disseminating the broken link information to the nodes that have that link in their caches. We define a new cache structure called a cache table and present a distributed cache update algorithm. Each node maintains in its cache table the information necessary for cache updates. When a link failure is detected, the algorithm notifies all reachable nodes that have cached the link in a distributed manner. The algorithm does not use any ad hoc parameters, thus making route caches fully adaptive to topology changes. We show that the algorithm outperforms DSR with path caches and with Link-Max Life, an adaptive timeout mechanism for link caches. We conclude that proactive cache updating is key to the adaptation of on-demand routing protocols to mobility.

42.

An Adaptive Programming Model for Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing Abstract: The capability of dynamically adapting to distinct runtime conditions is an important issue when designing distributed systems where negotiated quality of service (QOS) cannot always be delivered between processes. Providing fault tolerance for such dynamic environments is a challenging task. Considering such a context, this paper proposes an adaptive programming

model for fault-tolerant distributed computing, which provides upper-layer applications with2007/Java process state information according to the current system synchrony (or QOS). The underlying system model is hybrid, composed by a synchronous part (where there are time bounds on processing speed and message delay) and an asynchronous part (where there is no time bound). However, such a composition can vary over time, and, in particular, the system may become totally asynchronous (e.g., when the underlying system QOS degrade) or totally synchronous. Moreover, processes are not required to share the same view of the system synchrony at a given time. To illustrate what can be done in this programming model and how to use it, the consensus problem is taken as a benchmark problem. This paper also presents an implementation of the model that relies on a negotiated quality of service (QOS) for communication channels.

43.

Face Recognition Using Laplacian faces Abstract: The face recognition is a fairly controversial subject right now. A system such as this can recognize and track dangerous criminals and terrorists in a crowd, but some contend that it is an extreme invasion of privacy. The proponents of large-scale face recognition feel that it is a necessary evil to make our country safer. It could benefit the visually impaired and allow them to interact more easily with the environment. Also, a computer vision-based authentication system could be put in place to allow computer access or access to a specific room using face recognition. Another possible application would be to integrate this technology into an artificial intelligence system for more realistic interaction with humans. We propose an appearance-based face recognition method called the Laplacianface approach. By using Locality Preserving Projections (LPP), the face images are mapped into a face subspace for analysis. Different from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) which effectively see only the Euclidean structure of face space, LPP finds an embedding2005/Java that preserves local information, and obtains a face subspace that best detects the essential face manifold structure. The Laplacian faces are the optimal linear approximations to the eigen functions of the Laplace Beltrami operator on the face manifold. In this way, the unwanted variations resulting from changes in lighting, facial expression, and pose may be eliminated or reduced. Theoretical analysis shows that PCA, LDA, and LPP can be obtained from different graph models. We compare the proposed Laplacianface approach with Eigenface and Fisherface methods on three different face data sets. Experimental results suggest that the proposed Laplacianface approach provides a better representation and achieves lower error rates in face recognition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical method under the broad title of factor analysis. The purpose of PCA is to reduce the large dimensionality of the data space (observed variables)

to the smaller intrinsic dimensionality of feature space (independent variables), which are needed to describe the data economically. This is the case when there is a strong correlation between observed variables. The jobs which PCA can do are prediction, redundancy removal, feature extraction, data compression, etc. Because PCA is a known powerful technique which can do something in the linear domain, applications having linear models are suitable, such as signal processing, image processing, system and control theory, communications, etc. The main idea of using PCA for face recognition is to express the large 1-D vector of pixels constructed from 2-D face image into the compact principal components of the feature space. This is called eigenspace projection. Eigenspace is calculated by identifying the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix derived from a set of fingerprint images (vectors).

44.

Predictive Job Scheduling in a Connection Limited System using Parallel Genetic Algorithm Abstract: Job scheduling is the key feature of any computing environment and the efficiency of computing depends largely on the scheduling technique used. Intelligence is the key factor which 2005/Java is lacking in the job scheduling techniques of today. Genetic algorithms are powerful search techniques based on the mechanisms of natural selection and natural genetics. Multiple jobs are handled by the scheduler and the resource the job needs are in remote locations. Here we assume that the resource a job needs are in a location and not split over nodes and each node that has a resource runs a fixed number of jobs. The existing algorithms used are non predictive and employs greedy based algorithms or a variant of it. The efficiency of the job scheduling process would increase if previous experience and the genetic algorithms are used. In this paper, we propose a model of the scheduling algorithm where the scheduler can learn from previous experiences and an effective job scheduling is achieved as time progresses.

45.

Digital Image Processing Techniques for the Detection and Removal of Cracks in Digitized Paintings 2006/.Net Abstract: An integrated methodology for the detection and removal of cracks on digitized paintings is presented in this project. The cracks are detected by threshold the output of the morphological top-hat transform. Afterward, the thin dark brush strokes which have been misidentified as cracks are removed using either a median radial basis function neural network on hue and saturation data or a semi-automatic procedure based on region growing. Finally, crack filling using order statistics filters or controlled anisotropic diffusion is performed. The methodology has been shown to perform very well on digitized paintings suffering from cracks.

46.

A Distributed Database Architecture for Global Roaming in Next-Generation

Mobile Networks Abstract: The next-generation mobile network will support terminal mobility, personal mobility, and service provider portability, making global roaming seamless. A location-independent personal telecommunication number (PTN) scheme is conducive to implementing such a global mobile system. However, the non-geographic PTNs coupled with the anticipated large number of mobile users in future mobile networks may introduce very large centralized databases. This 2004/Java necessitates research into the design and performance of high-throughput database technologies used in mobile systems to ensure that future systems will be able to carry efficiently the anticipated loads. This paper proposes a scalable, robust, efficient location database architecture based on the location-independent PTNs. The proposed multi tree database architecture consists of a number of database subsystems, each of which is a three-level tree structure and is connected to the others only through its root. By exploiting the localized nature of calling and mobility patterns, the proposed architecture effectively reduces the database loads as well as the signaling traffic incurred by the location registration and call delivery procedures. In addition, two memory-resident database indices, memory-resident direct file and T-tree, are proposed for the location databases to further improve their throughput. Analysis model and numerical results are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed database architecture. Results have revealed that the proposed database architecture for location management can effectively support the anticipated high user density in the future mobile networks.

47.

Noise Reduction by Fuzzy Image Filtering Abstract: A new fuzzy filter is presented for the noise reduction of images corrupted with additive noise. The filter consists of two stages. The first stage computes a fuzzy derivative for eight different directions. The second stage uses these fuzzy derivatives to perform fuzzy 2006/Java smoothing by weighting the contributions of neighboring pixel values. Both stages are based on fuzzy rules which make use of membership functions. The filter can be applied iteratively to effectively reduce heavy noise. In particular, the shape of the membership functions is adapted according to the remaining noise level after each iteration, making use of the distribution of the homogeneity in the image. A statistical model for the noise distribution can be incorporated to relate the homogeneity to the adaptation scheme of the membership functions. Experimental results are obtained to show the feasibility of the proposed approach. These results are also compared to other filters by numerical measures and visual inspection.

48.

Online Handwritten Script Recognition Abstract: Automatic identification of handwritten script facilitates many important applications such as automatic transcription of multilingual documents and search for documents on the Web

containing a particular

script. The increase in usage of handheld devices which accept 2004/Java

handwritten input has created a growing demand for algorithms that can efficiently analyze and retrieve handwritten data. This project proposes a method to classify words and lines in an online handwritten document into one of the six major scripts: Arabic, Cyrillic, Devnagari, Han, Hebrew, or Roman. The classification is based on 11 different spatial and temporal features extracted from the strokes of the words. The proposed system attains an overall classification accuracy of 87.1 percent at the word level with 5-fold cross validation on a data set containing 13,379 words. The classification accuracy improves to 95 percent as the number of words in the test sample is increased to five, and to 95.5 percent for complete text lines consisting of an average of seven words.

49.

ODAM: An Optimized Distributed Association Rule Mining Algorithm Abstract: Association rule mining is an active data mining research area. However, most ARM algorithms cater to a centralized environment. In contrast to previous ARM algorithms, ODAM is a distributed algorithm for geographically distributed data sets that reduces communication costs. Modern organizations are geographically distributed. Typically, each site locally stores its everincreasing amount of day-to-day data. Using centralized data mining to discover useful patterns in such organizations' data isn't always feasible because merging data sets from different sites into a centralized site incurs huge network communication costs. Data from these organizations are not2004/Java only distributed over various locations but also vertically fragmented, making it difficult if not impossible to combine them in a central location. Distributed data mining has thus emerged as an active sub-area of data mining research. A significant area of data mining research is association rule mining. Unfortunately, most ARM algorithms focus on a sequential or centralized environment where no external communication is required. Distributed ARM algorithms, on the other hand, aim to generate rules from different data sets spread over various geographical sites; hence, they require external communications throughout the entire process. DARM algorithms must reduce communication costs so that generating global association rules costs less than combining the participating sites' data sets into a centralized site. However, most DARM algorithms don't have an efficient message optimization technique, so they exchange numerous messages during the mining process. We have developed a distributed algorithm, called Optimized Distributed Association Mining, for geographically distributed data sets. ODAM generates support counts of candidate item sets quicker than other DARM algorithms and reduces the size of average transactions, data sets, and message exchanges.

50.

Protocol

Scrubbing:

Modification

Network

Security

Through

Transparent

Flow

Abstract: This paper describes the design and implementation of protocol scrubbers. Protocol scrubbers are transparent, interposed mechanisms for explicitly removing network scans and attacks at various protocol layers. The transport scrubber supports downstream passive network-2004/Java based intrusion detection systems by converting ambiguous network flows into well-behaved flows that are unequivocally interpreted by all downstream endpoints. The fingerprint scrubber restricts an attacker’s ability to determine the operating system of a protected host. As an example, this paper presents the implementation of a TCP scrubber that eliminates insertion and evasion attacks—attacks that use ambiguities to subvert detection—on passive network-based intrusion detection systems, while preserving high performance. The TCP scrubber is based on a novel, simplified state machine that performs in a fast and scalable manner. The fingerprint scrubber is built upon the TCP scrubber and removes additional ambiguities from flows that can reveal implementation-specific details about a host’s operating system.

51.

Structure and Texture Filling-In of Missing Image Blocks in Wireless Transmission and Compression Applications Abstract: An approach for filling-in blocks of missing data in wireless image transmission is presented in this paper. When compression algorithms such as

2004/Java

JPEG are used as part of the wireless transmission process, images are first tiled into blocks of 8 x 8 pixels. When such images are transmitted over fading channels, the effects of noise can destroy entire blocks of the image. Instead of using common retransmission query protocols, we aim to reconstruct the lost data using correlation between the lost block and its neighbors. If the lost block contained structure, it is reconstructed using an image in painting algorithm, while texture synthesis is used for the textured blocks. The switch between the two schemes is done in a fully automatic fashion based on the surrounding available blocks. The performance of this method is tested for various images and combinations of lost blocks. The viability of this method for image compression, in 52.

association with loss JPEG, is also discussed. Workflow Mining: Discovering Process Models from Event Logs Abstract: Contemporary workflow management systems are driven by explicit process models, i.e., a completely specified workflow design is required in order to enact a given workflow process. Creating a workflow design is a complicated time-consuming process and, typically, there are2004/.Net discrepancies between the actual workflow processes and the processes as perceived by the

management. Therefore, we have developed techniques for discovering workflow models. The starting point for such techniques is a so-called “workflow log” containing information about the workflow process as it is actually being executed. We present a new algorithm to extract a process model from such a log and represent it in terms of a Petri net. However, we will also demonstrate that it is not possible to discover arbitrary workflow processes. In this paper, we explore a class of workflow processes that can be discovered. We show that the α-algorithm can successfully mine any workflow represented by a so-called SWF-net.

53.

An Agent Based Intrusion Detection, Response and Blocking using signature method in Active Networks Abstract: As attackers use automated methods to inflict widespread damage on vulnerable systems connected to the network, it has become painfully clear that traditional manual methods 2006/Java of protection do not suffice. This paper discusses an intrusion prevention approach, intrusion detection, response based on active networks that helps to provide rapid response to vulnerability advisories. A intrusion detection and intrusion blocker that can provide interim protection against a limited and changing set of high-likelihood or high-priority threats. It is expected that this mechanism would be easily and adaptively configured and deployed to keep pace with the everevolving threats on the network, intrusion detection and response based on agent system, digital signature

54.

used

to

provide

a

security.

A Novel Secure Communication Protocol for Ad Hoc networks [SCP] Abstract: An ad hoc network is a self organized entity with a number of mobile nodes without any centralized access point and also there is a topology control problem which leads to high power consumption and no security, while routing the packets between mobile hosts.2006/Java Authentication is one of the important security requirements of a communication network. The common authentication schemes are not applicable in Ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a secure communication protocol for communication between two nodes in ad hoc networks. This is achieved by using clustering techniques. We present a novel secure communication framework for ad hoc networks (SCP); which describes authentication and confidentiality when packets are distributed between hosts with in the cluster and between the clusters. These cluster head nodes execute administrative functions and network key used for certification. The cluster head nodes (CHs) perform the major operations to achieve our SCP framework with help of Kerberos authentication application and symmetric key cryptography technique which will be secure reliable transparent and scalable and will have less over head.

55.

ITP: An Image Transport Protocol for the Internet

Abstract: Images account for a significant and growing fraction of Web downloads. The traditional approach to transporting images uses TCP, which provides a generic reliable in-order byte stream abstraction, but which is overly restrictive for image data. We analyze the progression of image quality at the receiver with time, and show that the in-order delivery abstraction provided by a TCP-based approach prevents the receiver application from processing and rendering 2002/Java portions of an image when they actually arrive. The end result is that an image is rendered in bursts interspersed with long idle times rather than smoothly. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the image transport protocol (ITP) for image transmission over loss-prone congested or wireless networks. ITP improves user-perceived latency using application-level framing (ALF) and out-oforder application data unit (ADU) delivery, achieving significantly better interactive performance as measured by the evolution of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) with time at the receiver. ITP runs over UDP, incorporates receiver-driven selective reliability, uses the congestion manager (CM) to adapt to network congestion, and is customizable for specific image formats (e.g., JPEG and JPEG2000). ITP enables a variety of new receiver post-processing algorithms such as error concealment that further improve the interactivity and responsiveness of reconstructed images. Performance experiments using our implementation across a variety of loss conditions demonstrate the benefits of ITP in improving the interactivity of image downloads at the receiver.

56.

Hybrid Intrusion Detection with Weighted Signature Generation over Anomalous Internet Episodes(HIDS) Abstract: This paper reports the design principles and evaluation results of a new experimental hybrid intrusion detection system (HIDS). This hybrid system combines the advantages of low false-positive rate of signature-based intrusion detection system (IDS) and the ability of anomaly detection system (ADS) to detect novel unknown attacks. By mining anomalous traffic episodes2007/J2EE from Internet connections, we build an ADS that detects anomalies beyond the capabilities of signature-based SNORT or Bro systems. A weighted signature generation scheme is developed to integrate ADS with SNORT by extracting signatures from anomalies detected. HIDS extracts signatures from the output of ADS and adds them into the SNORT signature database for fast and accurate intrusion detection. By testing our HIDS scheme over real-life Internet trace data mixed with 10 days of Massachusetts Institute of Technology/ Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) attack data set, our experimental results show a 60 percent detection rate of the HIDS, compared with 30 percent and 22 percent in using the SNORT and Bro systems, respectively. This sharp increase in detection rate is obtained with less than 3 percent false alarms. The signatures generated by ADS upgrade the SNORT performance by 33 percent. The HIDS approach proves the vitality of detecting intrusions and anomalies, simultaneously, by automated data mining and signature

generation over Internet connection episodes.

57.

Incremental deployment service of Hop by hop multicast routing protocol Abstract: IP multicast is facing a slow take-off although it has been a hotly debated topic for more than a decade. Many reasons are responsible for this status. Hence, the Internet is likely to be organized with both unicast and multicast enabled networks. Thus, it is of utmost importance to design protocols that allow the progressive deployment of the multicast service by supporting unicast clouds. This paper presents HBH (hop-by-hop multicast routing protocol). HBH adopts the 2006/Java source-specific channel abstraction to simplify address allocation and implements data distribution using recursive unicast trees, which allow the transparent support of unicast- only routers. An important original feature of HBH is its tree construction algorithm that takes into account the unicast routing asymmetries. Since most multicast routing protocols rely on the unicast infrastructure, the unicast asymmetries impact the structure of the multicast trees.We show through simulation that HBH outperforms other multicast routing protocols in terms of the delay experienced by the receivers and the bandwidth consumption of the multicast trees. Additionally, we show that HBH can be incrementally deployed and that with a small fraction of HBH-enabled routers in the network HBH outperforms application-layer multicast.

58.

Network border patrol: preventing congestion collapse and promoting fairness in the Internet Abstract: The Internet's excellent scalability and robustness result in part from the end-to-end nature of Internet congestion control. End-to-end congestion control algorithms alone, however, are unable to prevent the congestion collapse and unfairness created by applications that are unresponsive to network congestion. To address these maladies, we propose and investigate a novel congestion-avoidance mechanism called network border patrol (NBP). NBP entails the exchange of feedback between routers at the borders of a network in order to detect and restrict unresponsive traffic flows before they enter the network, thereby preventing congestion within the network. Moreover, NBP is complemented with the proposed enhanced core-stateless fair queueing (ECSFQ) mechanism, which provides fair bandwidth allocations to competing flows. Both NBP and ECSFQ are compliant with the Internet philosophy of pushing complexity toward the edges of the network whenever possible. Simulation results show that NBP effectively eliminates congestion collapse and

2004/Java

that, when combined with ECSFQ, approximately max-min fair bandwidth allocations can be achieved for competing flows. 59.

Application of BPCS steganography to wavelet compressed video

Abstract: This paper presents a steganography method using lossy compressed video which provides a natural way to send a large amount of secret data. The proposed method is based on wavelet compression for video data and bit-plane2004/Java complexity segmentation (BPCS) steganography. In wavelet-based video compression methods such as 3-D set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm and motion-JPEG2000, wavelet coefficients in discrete wavelet transformed video are quantized into a bit-plane structure and therefore BPCS steganography can be applied in the wavelet domain. 3-D SPIHT-BPCS steganography and motion-JPEG2000-BPCS steganography are presented and tested, which are the integration of 3-D SPIHT video coding and BPCS steganography

and

that

of motion-JPEG2000

and

BPCS,

respectively.

Experimental results show that 3-D SPIHT-BPCS is superior to motion60.

JPEG2000-BPCS with regard to embedding performance. Neural Networks for Handwritten character and Digits Abstract: This article chronicles the development of an artificial neural network designed to recognize handwritten digits. Although some theory of neural networks is given here, it would be better if you already understood some neural network concepts, like neurons, layers, weights, and backpropagation. The neural network described here is not a general-purpose neural network, and it's not some kind of a neural network workbench. Rather, we will focus on one very specific neural network (a five-layer convolutional neural network) built for one very specific purpose (to recognize handwritten digits). The idea of using neural networks for the purpose of recognizing handwritten digits is not a new one. The inspiration for the architecture described here comes from articles written by two separate authors. The first is Dr. Yann LeCun, who was an independent discoverer of the basic backpropagation algorithm. Dr. LeCun hosts an excellent site on his research into neural networks. In particular, you should view his "Learning and Visual Perception" section, which uses animated GIFs to show results of his research. The MNIST database (which provides the database of handwritten digits) was developed by him. I used two of his publications as primary source materials for much of my work, and I highly recommend reading his other publications too

2003/VC++

(they're posted at his site). Unlike many other publications on neural networks, Dr. LeCun's publications are not inordinately theoretical and math-intensive; rather, they are extremely readable, and provide practical insights and explanations.

61.

Selective Encryption of Still Image Abstract: In some applications, it is relevant to hide the content of a message when it enters an insecure channel. The accepted view among professional cryptographers is that the encryption algorithm should be published, whereas the key must be kept secret. In the field of image cryptography, the focus has been put on steganography, and in particular on watermarking during the last years. Watermarking, as opposed to steganography, has the additional requirement of

2000/VB,C,

robustness against possible image transformations. Watermarks are usually made invisible and should not be detectable. In applications requiring transmission the image is first compressed,

Java

because it saves bandwidth. Then the image is encrypted. There is a need for a technique called selective encryption of compressed images with messages. Initially it aims of image encryption and various methods. Usually, during encryption, all the information is encrypted. But this is not mandatory, only a part of the image content will encrypted with messages in order to be able to visualize the encrypted Images, although not with full precision. This concept leads to techniques that can simultaneously provide security functions and an overall visual check which might be suitable in some applications like searching through a shared image database, distributed database for image storage etc., The principle of selective encryption is first applied to compressed images with messages . This technique is proven not to interfere with the de-coding process in the sense that it achieves a constant bit rate and that bit streams remain compliant to the JPEG specifications.

62.

An Acknowledgment-Based Approach For The Detection Of Routing Misbehavior In MANETs Abstract: We study routing misbehavior in MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc Networks) in this paper. In general, routing protocols for MANETs are designed based on the assumption that all participating2007/Java nodes are fully cooperative. However, due to the open structure and scarcely available batterybased energy, node misbehaviors may exist. One such routing misbehavior is that some selsh nodes will participate in the route discovery and maintenance processes but refuse to forward data packets. In this paper, we propose the 2ACK scheme that serves as an add-on technique for routing schemes to detect routing misbehavior and to mitigate their adverse effect. The main idea of the 2ACK scheme is to send two-hop acknowledgment packets in the opposite direction of the routing path. In order to reduce additional routing overhead, only a fraction of the received data packets are acknowledged in the 2ACK scheme. Analytical and simulation results are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.

63.

Neural Network-Based Face Detection Abstract: We present a neural network-based upright frontal face detection system. A retinal connected neural network examines small windows of an image, and decides whether each window contains a face. The system arbitrates between multiple networks to improve performance1998/VC++ over a single network. We present a straightforward procedure for aligning positive face examples for training. To collect negative examples, we use a bootstrap algorithm, which adds false detections into the training set as training progresses. This eliminates the difficult task of manually selecting non face training examples, which must be chosen to span the entire space of non face images. Simple heuristics, such as using the fact that faces rarely overlap in images, can further improve the accuracy. Comparisons with several other state-of-the-art face detection systems are presented; showing that our system has comparable performance in terms of detection and falsepositive rates.

64.

Homogenous Network Control and Implementation Abstract: This project, titled “Homogenous Network Control and Implementation”, presents a way of developing integrity-preserved computer networks. The proposed generic network is based on a detailed review and comparative analysis of ongoing research work in the field of homogenous distributed systems and fault-tolerant systems. The presented network facilitates easy sharing of information among the systems in the network by establishing a peer to peer2005/Java network connection among all the systems. Homogenous Network of Workstations (HNOW systems) comprises of similar kinds of PC’s, Workstations connected over a single network. In a homogenous network, each machine has the ability to send data to another machine, irrespective of the working conditions of the server. In general, a set of networks is classified as homogenous, if the networks are “same”(e.g., using the same basic technology, frame format and addressing); a set of networks is classified as heterogeneous if the set contains network that differ. The theme of the project is centered on the development of a homogenous network and establishment of process continuation module, which plays an imperative part in maintaining the network integrity.

65.

Retrieving Files Using Content Based Searching and presenting it in Carousel view Abstract: The current project is divided into four inter-dependent phases. Phase 1 deals with designing algorithms for summarizing and indexing text files. In case of multimedia files the meta data files are created manually by the programmers. This phase also involves algorithms for converting .doc and .pdf files to .txt format. In this system the searching is

not done at the run time as indexing is done before hand.

2005/Java

In Phase 2 folders would be replaced by a new construct called a library. A library is a virtual folder that intelligently gathers information about files on the system and presents them to the users. The concept of folders ceases to exist. Instead, the users are privileged enough to view similar files together irrespective of their location in the physical memory. This enables retrieval of files based on various parameters. This concept is named as CAROUSEL VIEW after the proposed system with the same name to be launched by the Microsoft’s Windows Longhorn which is a complete revolution in itself. Phase 3 establishes a common peer to peer (P2P) protocol that enables remote querying over other terminals in the network. This module allows this software to be used across the internet and also over various LANs. In a nutshell , this project aims at creating a system which is highly enhanced over the existing traditional ones and providing a user friendly environment.

66.

XTC: A Practical Topology Control Algorithm for Ad-Hoc Networks Abstract: The XTC AD-HOC network topology control algorithm introduced shows three main2004/Java advantages over previously proposed algorithms. First, it is extremely simple and strictly local. Second, it does not assume the network graph to be a unit disk graph; XTC proves correct also on general weighted network graphs. Third, the algorithm does not require availability of node position information. Instead, XTC operates with a general notion of order over the neighbors' link qualities. In the special case of the network graph being a unit disk graph, the resulting topology proves to have bounded degree, to be a planar graph, and - on average-case graphs - to be a good spanner.

67.

A near-optimal multicast scheme for mobile ad hoc networks using a hybrid genetic algorithm Abstract: Multicast routing is an effective way to communicate among multiple hosts in a network. It outperforms the basic broadcast strategy by sharing resources along general links, while sending information to a set of predefined multiple destinations concurrently. However, it is vulnerable to component failure in ad hoc network due to the lack of redundancy, multiple paths2005/Java and multicast tree structure. Tree graph optimization problems (GOP) are usually difficult and time consuming NP-hard or NP-complete problems. Genetic algorithms (GA) have been proven to be an efficient technique for solving the GOP, in which well-designed chromosomes and appropriate operators are key factors that determine the performance of the GAs. Limited link, path constraints, and mobility of network hosts make the multicast routing protocol design particularly challenging in wireless ad hoc networks. Encoding trees is a critical scheme in GAs for solving

these problems because each code should represent a tree. Prufer number is the most representative method of vertex encoding, which is a string of n-2 integers and can be transformed to an n-node tree. However, genetic algorithm based on Prufer encoding (GAP) does not preserve locality, while changing one element of its vector causes dramatically change in its corresponding tree topology. In this paper, we propose a novel GA based on sequence and topology encoding (GAST) for multicast protocol is introduced for multicast routing in wireless ad hoc networks and generalizes the GOP of tree-based multicast protocol as well as three associated operators. It has revealed an efficient method of the reconstruction of multicast tree topology and the experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of GAST compare to GAP technique.

68.

Mobile Agents In Distributed Multimedia Database Systems Abstract: The size of networks is increasing rapidly and this fact is not straitened to the internet alone. Many intra and inter–organization networks are affected by this trend, too. A side effect of this growth is the increase of network traffic. This development leads to new challenges and we have to think about new technologies. Mobile agent systems are one answer to these challenges. Mobile agents are an emerging technology attracting interest from the fields of distributed systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce and artificial intelligence.

2004/Java A mobile agent is an executing program that can migrate during execution from machine to machine in a heterogeneous network. On each machine, the agent interacts with stationary service agents and other resources to accomplish its task, returning to its home site with a final result when that task is finished. Mobile agents are particularly attractive in distributed informationretrieval applications. By moving to the location of an information resource, the agent can search the resource locally, eliminating the transfer of intermediate results across the network and reducing end-to-end latency. Mobile agents are goal-oriented, can communicate with other agents, and can continue to operate even after the machine that launched them has been removed from the network. The mobile feature enables the agent to travel to the host where the data are physically stored. This is obviously of great interest in a distributed multimedia database systems where we have in most cases large binary objects. This Project integrates mobile agent technology in a distributed database system. The advantage of this approach is the combination of mobile agent features (e.g. autonomy, mobility, enhancement of functionality) and database services such as recovery, transaction handling, concurrency and security. This projects aims at facilitating storage and retrieval of multimedia data from the distributed multimedia database using mobile agents based on host database which will provide the result to the user upon request.

69.

Image Stream Transfer Using Real-Time Transmission Protocol Abstract: Images account for a significant and growing fraction of Web downloads. The traditional approach to transporting images uses TCP, which provides a generic reliable in-order byte-stream abstraction, but which is overly restrictive for image data. We analyze the progression

of image quality at the receiver with time, and show that the in-order delivery abstraction provided by a TCP-based approach prevents the receiver application from processing and rendering portions of an image when they actually arrive. The end result is that an image is rendered in 2006/Java bursts interspersed with long idle times rather than smoothly. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the image transport protocol (ITP) for image transmission over loss-prone congested or wireless networks. ITP improves user-perceived latency using application-level framing (ALF) and out-of-order application data unit (ADU) delivery, achieving significantly better interactive performance as measured by the evolution of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) with time at the receiver. ITP runs over UDP, incorporates receiver-driven selective reliability, uses the congestion manager (CM) to adapt to network congestion, and is customizable for specific image formats (e.g., JPEG and JPEG2000). ITP enables a variety of new receiver post-processing algorithms such as error concealment that further improve the interactivity and responsiveness of reconstructed images. Performance experiments using our implementation across a variety of loss conditions demonstrate the benefits of ITP in improving the interactivity of image downloads at the receiver.

70.

Neural Networks for Unicode Optical Character Recognition Abstract: The central objective of this project is demonstrating the capabilities of Artificial Neural Network implementations in recognizing extended sets of optical language symbols. The applications of this technique range from document digitizing and preservation to handwritten text recognition in handheld devices. The classic difficulty of being able to correctly recognize even typed optical language symbols is the complex irregularity among pictorial representations of the same character due to variations in fonts, styles and size. This irregularity undoubtedly widens when one deals with handwritten characters. Hence the conventional programming methods of mapping symbol images into matrices,C# analyzing pixel and/or vector data and trying to decide which symbol corresponds to which character would yield little or no realistic results. Clearly the needed methodology will be one that can detect ‘proximity’ of graphic representations to known symbols and make decisions based on this proximity. To implement such proximity algorithms in the conventional programming one needs to write endless code, one for each type of possible irregularity or deviation from the assumed output either in terms of pixel or vector parameters, clearly not a realistic fare. An emerging technique in this particular application area is the use of Artificial Neural Network implementations with networks employing specific guides (learning rules) to update the links (weights) between their nodes. Such networks can be fed the data from the graphic analysis of the input picture and trained to output characters in one or another form. Specifically some network models use a set of desired outputs to compare with the output and compute an error to make use

.Net

of in adjusting their weights. Such learning rules are termed as Supervised Learning. One such network with supervised learning rule is the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model. It uses the Generalized Delta Learning Rule for adjusting its weights and can be trained for a set of input/desired output values in a number of iterations. The very nature of this particular model is that it will force the output to one of nearby values if a variation of input is fed to the network that it is not trained for, thus solving the proximity issue. Both concepts will be discussed in the introduction part of this report.The project has employed the MLP technique mentioned and excellent results were obtained for a number of widely used font types. The technical approach followed in processing input images, detecting graphic symbols, analyzing and mapping the symbols and training the network for a set of desired Unicode characters corresponding to the input images are discussed in the subsequent sections. Even though the implementation might have some limitations in terms of functionality and robustness, the researcher is confident that it fully serves the purpose of addressing the desired objectives.