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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Michael G. Stewart, MD, MPH Professor & Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Vice Dean of the Medical College E. Darracott Vaughan MD Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Allergy/Rhinology Robert C. Kern, MD Chicago, IL
Facial Plastics/Reconstructive Surgery Edmund A. Pribitkin, MD Philadelphia, PA
Head & Neck David W. Eisele, MD Baltimore, MD
Laryngology Mark S. Courey, MD* San Francisco, CA
Otology/Neurotology John S. Oghalai, MD Palo Alto, CA
Pediatrics Kathleen C. Y. Sie, MD Seattle, WA
Sleep Medicine Kathleen L. Yaremchuk, MD Detriot, MI
Thyroid/Parathyroid Gregory Randolph, MD Boston, MA
SECTION EDITORS How I Do It Pierre Lavertu, MD Cleveland, OH
Systematic and Evidence-Based Reviews Judith E. Lieu, MD St. Louis, MO
Triological Society Best Practice Anil K. Lalwani, MD New York, NY
EDITORIAL BOARD Elliot Abemayor, MD, PhD Los Angeles, CA
Arun K. Gadre, MD, MS Louisville, KY
Albert L. Merati, MD Seattle, WA
Sandro J. Stoeckli, MD St. Gallen, Switzerland
Jean Abitbol, MD Paris, France
Bruce J. Gantz, MD Iowa City, IA
Randall P. Morton, MBBS, MSc Auckland, New Zealand
Scott P. Stringer, MD Jackson, MS
Kenneth W. Altman, MD, PhD* Houston, TX
Gerard J. Gianoli, MD Baton Rouge, LA
David Myssiorek, MD New York, NY
Lucian Sulica, MD New York, NY
James E. Arnold, MD Cleveland, OH
Christine G. Gourin, MD Baltimore, MD
Piero Nicolai, MD Brescia, Italy
Muaaz Tarabichi, MD Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Gerald S. Berke, MD Los Angeles, CA
Eli Grunstein, MD New York, NY
Bert W. O’Malley Jr., MD Philadelphia, PA
David J. Terris, MD Augusta, GA
Jan Betka, DrSc, FCMA Prague, Czech Republic
Patrick J. Gullane, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Koichi Omori, MD Fukushima, Japan
Dean M. Toriumi, MD Chicago, IL
Neil Bhattacharyya, MD Boston, MA
Gerald B. Healy, MD Boston, MA
T. Metin Onerci, MD Ankara, Turkey
Terance T. Tsue, MD Kansas City, KS
Dale H. Brown, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Lauren D. Holinger, MD Chicago, IL
Harold C. Pillsbury, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Richard W. Waguespack, MD Birmingham, AL
Jeffrey M. Bumpous, MD Louisville, KY
Herman A. Jenkins, MD Aurora, CO
Karen T. Pitman, MD Gilbert, AZ
De-Yun Wang, MD, PhD Singapore
Claudio R. Cernea, MD Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jack Jiang, MD, PhD Madison, WI
Anna Maria Pou, MD New Orleans, LA
Marilene Wang, MD Los Angeles, CA
Sukgi Choi, MD Pittsburgh, PA
Michael M. Johns III, MD Atlanta, GA
Milan Profant, MD, PhD Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Robert F. Ward, MD New York, NY
Richard A. Chole, MD, PhD Saint Louis, MO
Ashutosh Kacker, MD New York, NY
Gerhard Rasp, MD Salzburg, Austria
Mark K. Wax, MD Portland, OR
Lanny Garth Close, MD New York, NY
Robert M. Kellman, MD Syracuse, NY
James S. Reilly, MD Wilmington, DE
Edward M. Weaver, MD, MPH Seattle, WA
Marion E. Couch, MD, PhD Burlington, VT
Charles F. Koopmann Jr, MD Ann Arbor, MI
Marc Remacle, MD Yvoir, Belgium
William I. Wei, MD Hong Kong, China
Michael J. Cunningham, MD Boston, MA
Karen M. Kost, MD* Westmount, Quebec, Canada
J. Thomas Roland Jr., MD New York, NY
Robert L. Witt, MD Newark, DE
H. Peter Doble II, MD Twin Falls, ID
Michael Kuo, MD, PhD Birmingham, United Kingdom
Clark A. Rosen, MD Pittsburgh, PA
Gayle E. Woodson, MD Springfield, IL
Pavel Dulguerov, MD Geneva, Switzerland
Ronald B. Kuppersmith, MD College Station, TX
Eben L. Rosenthal, MD Birmingham, AL
Peter-John Wormald, MD Woodville, Australia
Hans Edmund Eckel, MD Klagenfurt, Austria
Ollivier Laccourreye, MD Paris, France
Michael D. Seidman, MD West Bloomfield, MI
Bevan Yueh, MD, MPH Minneapolis, MN
David E. Eibling, MD Pittsburgh, PA
Robert H. Maisel, MD Minneapolis, MN
Brent A. Senior, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Eiji Yumoto, MD Kumamoto, Japan
Marvin P. Fried, MD Bronx, NY
Francis Marchal, MD Geneva, Switzerland
William W. Shockley, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Ellen M. Friedman, MD Houston, TX
Madhu Mazumdar, PhD, MA, MS New York, NY
Timothy L. Smith, MD, MPH Portland, OR
*Designates American Laryngological Association Representative
TRIOLOGICAL SOCIETY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMITTEE Gerald B. Healy, MD Boston, MA
Michael M. Johns III, MD Atlanta, GA
Stephen S. Park, MD Charlottesville, VA
Ronald B. Kuppersmith, MD College Station, TX
Myles L. Pensak, MD Cincinnati, OH
Jesus Medina, MD Oklahoma City, OK
Harold C. Pillsbury, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Robert H. Miller, MD Houston, TX
Michael G. Stewart, MD, MPH New York, NY
EDITORIAL COORDINATOR
MANAGING EDITOR
THE TRIOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Elizabeth Fetterman Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY E-mail: [email protected]
Julie Nash Cary, NC
13930 Gold Circle, #103, Omaha, NE 68144 Tel: 402-346-5500, Fax: 402-346-5300 E-mail: [email protected] www.triological.org
E-mail: [email protected] Submit to: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ lscope
PUBLISHER AND ADVERTISING STAFF, WILEY-BLACKWELL Vickie Thaw Executive Editor E-mail: [email protected]
Michael Perlowitz Advertising Sales Tel: 212-904-0374 E-mail: [email protected]
Monica Calibeo Production Editor E-mail: [email protected]
The Laryngoscope is the official journal of The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc., ‘‘The Triological Society,’’ and the American Laryngological Association
C 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society (The Copyright V Triological Society). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Authorization to copy items for internal and personal use is granted by the copyright holder for libraries and other users registered with their local Reproduction Rights Organisation (RRO), e.g. Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA (www.copyright.com), provided the appropriate fee is paid directly to the RRO. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works or for resale. Special requests should be addressed to: [email protected]. All materials published, including but not limited to original research, clinical notes, editorials, reviews, reports, letters, and book reviews represent the opinions and views of the authors and do not reflect any official policy or medical opinion of the institutions with which the authors are affiliated, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, or of the Publisher unless this is clearly specified. The Publisher, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, and Editors cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal; the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, and Editors, neither does the publication of advertisements constitute any endorsement by the Publisher, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, and Editors of the products advertised. Materials published herein are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. While the Editors, Society, Association, and Publisher believe that drug selections and dosages and the specifications and usage of equipment and devices as set forth herein are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication, they accept no legal responsibility for any errors or omissions, and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to material contained herein. Publication of an advertisement or other discussions of products in this publication should not be construed as an endorsement of the products or the manufacturers’ claims. Readers are encouraged to contact the manufacturers with any questions about the features or limitations of the products mentioned. The names, logos and seals of The Triological Society and the American Laryngological Association are trademarks of the respective societies. The Laryngoscope (print ISSN 0023-852X; online ISSN 1531-4995) is published monthly on behalf of The Triological Society and affiliated with the American Laryngological Association by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., a Wiley company, 111 River St., Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774. Periodical Postage Paid at Hoboken, NJ and additional offices. Postmaster: Send all address changes to The Laryngoscope, John Wiley & Sons Inc., C/O The Sheridan Press, PO Box 465, Hanover, PA 17331. Back Issues: Single issues from current and prior year volumes are available at the current single issue price from [email protected]. Earlier issues may be obtained from Periodicals Service Company, 11 Main Street, Germantown, NY 12526. Tel: +1 518 537 4700, fax: +1 518 537 5899, email: [email protected]
Advertising and Reprint Sales: Inquiries concerning advertising should be directed to: (display and classified advertising) Michael Perlowitz, National and Accounts Manager(212) 904-0374, [email protected]; Pharmaceutical Media Inc., 30 East 33rd Street, New York, NY 10016. Reprint sales and inquiries should be directed to the Customer Service Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: (201) 748-8789. Information for Subscribers: The Laryngoscope is published in 12 issues per year. Institutional subscription prices for 2016 are: print & online: US $1,132 (US), US $1,226 (rest of world), e792 (Europe), £627 (UK). Prices are exclusive of tax. Asia-Pacific GST, Canadian GST and European VAT will be applied at the appropriate rates. For more information on current tax rates, please go to www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/tax-vat. The price includes online access to the current and all online back files to January 1, 2012 where available. For other pricing options, including access information and terms and conditions, please visit www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/access. Personal subscriptions are also available through http:// ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1531-4995&doi=10.1002/(ISSN)1531-4995 Delivery Terms and Legal Title: Where the subscription price includes print issues and delivery is to the recipient’s address, delivery terms are DAP (Delivered at Place); the recipient is responsible for paying any import duty or taxes. Title to all issues transfers FOB our shipping point, freight prepaid. We will endeavour to fulfill claims for missing or damaged copies within six months of publication, within our reasonable discretion and subject to availability. Journal Customer Services: For ordering information, claims and any enquiry concerning your journal subscription please go to www.wileycustomerhelp.com/ask or contact your nearest office. Americas: email: [email protected]; Tel: +1 781 388 8598 or +1 800 835 6770 (toll free in the US & Canada). Europe, Middle East and Africa: email: [email protected]; Tel: +44 (0) 1865 778315. Asia Pacific: email: cs-journals@ wiley.com; Tel: +65 6511 8000. Japan: For Japanese speaking support, email: cs-japan@ wiley.com; Tel: +65 6511 8010 or Tel (toll-free): 005 316 50 480. Visit our Online Customer Help available in 7 languages at www.wileycustomerhelp.com/ask. Author Resources: For information on manuscript submission and instructions to authors, please visit www.laryngoscope.com. Online Open - The Laryngoscope accepts articles for Open Access publication. Please visit http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-406241.html for further information about OnlineOpen. Wiley’s Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups. Since launching the initiative, we have focused on sharing our content with those in need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, creating global guidelines and best practices for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts. Follow our progress at www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Access to this journal is available free online within institutions in the developing world through the HINARI initiative with the WHO. For information, visit www.healthinternetwork.org. Printed in the US by Cenveo Publisher Services. View this journal online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/lary
Michael G. Stewart, MD, MPH Professor & Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Vice Dean of the Medical College E. Darracott Vaughan MD Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Allergy/Rhinology Robert C. Kern, MD Chicago, IL
Facial Plastics/Reconstructive Surgery Edmund A. Pribitkin, MD Philadelphia, PA
Head & Neck David W. Eisele, MD Baltimore, MD
Laryngology Mark S. Courey, MD* San Francisco, CA
Otology/Neurotology John S. Oghalai, MD Palo Alto, CA
Pediatrics Kathleen C. Y. Sie, MD Seattle, WA
Sleep Medicine Kathleen L. Yaremchuk, MD Detriot, MI
Thyroid/Parathyroid Gregory Randolph, MD Boston, MA
SECTION EDITORS How I Do It Pierre Lavertu, MD Cleveland, OH
Systematic and Evidence-Based Reviews Judith E. Lieu, MD St. Louis, MO
Triological Society Best Practice Anil K. Lalwani, MD New York, NY
EDITORIAL BOARD Elliot Abemayor, MD, PhD Los Angeles, CA
Arun K. Gadre, MD, MS Louisville, KY
Albert L. Merati, MD Seattle, WA
Sandro J. Stoeckli, MD St. Gallen, Switzerland
Jean Abitbol, MD Paris, France
Bruce J. Gantz, MD Iowa City, IA
Randall P. Morton, MBBS, MSc Auckland, New Zealand
Scott P. Stringer, MD Jackson, MS
Kenneth W. Altman, MD, PhD* Houston, TX
Gerard J. Gianoli, MD Baton Rouge, LA
David Myssiorek, MD New York, NY
Lucian Sulica, MD New York, NY
James E. Arnold, MD Cleveland, OH
Christine G. Gourin, MD Baltimore, MD
Piero Nicolai, MD Brescia, Italy
Muaaz Tarabichi, MD Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Gerald S. Berke, MD Los Angeles, CA
Eli Grunstein, MD New York, NY
Bert W. O’Malley Jr., MD Philadelphia, PA
David J. Terris, MD Augusta, GA
Jan Betka, DrSc, FCMA Prague, Czech Republic
Patrick J. Gullane, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Koichi Omori, MD Fukushima, Japan
Dean M. Toriumi, MD Chicago, IL
Neil Bhattacharyya, MD Boston, MA
Gerald B. Healy, MD Boston, MA
T. Metin Onerci, MD Ankara, Turkey
Terance T. Tsue, MD Kansas City, KS
Dale H. Brown, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Lauren D. Holinger, MD Chicago, IL
Harold C. Pillsbury, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Richard W. Waguespack, MD Birmingham, AL
Jeffrey M. Bumpous, MD Louisville, KY
Herman A. Jenkins, MD Aurora, CO
Karen T. Pitman, MD Gilbert, AZ
De-Yun Wang, MD, PhD Singapore
Claudio R. Cernea, MD Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jack Jiang, MD, PhD Madison, WI
Anna Maria Pou, MD New Orleans, LA
Marilene Wang, MD Los Angeles, CA
Sukgi Choi, MD Pittsburgh, PA
Michael M. Johns III, MD Atlanta, GA
Milan Profant, MD, PhD Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Robert F. Ward, MD New York, NY
Richard A. Chole, MD, PhD Saint Louis, MO
Ashutosh Kacker, MD New York, NY
Gerhard Rasp, MD Salzburg, Austria
Mark K. Wax, MD Portland, OR
Lanny Garth Close, MD New York, NY
Robert M. Kellman, MD Syracuse, NY
James S. Reilly, MD Wilmington, DE
Edward M. Weaver, MD, MPH Seattle, WA
Marion E. Couch, MD, PhD Burlington, VT
Charles F. Koopmann Jr, MD Ann Arbor, MI
Marc Remacle, MD Yvoir, Belgium
William I. Wei, MD Hong Kong, China
Michael J. Cunningham, MD Boston, MA
Karen M. Kost, MD* Westmount, Quebec, Canada
J. Thomas Roland Jr., MD New York, NY
Robert L. Witt, MD Newark, DE
H. Peter Doble II, MD Twin Falls, ID
Michael Kuo, MD, PhD Birmingham, United Kingdom
Clark A. Rosen, MD Pittsburgh, PA
Gayle E. Woodson, MD Springfield, IL
Pavel Dulguerov, MD Geneva, Switzerland
Ronald B. Kuppersmith, MD College Station, TX
Eben L. Rosenthal, MD Birmingham, AL
Peter-John Wormald, MD Woodville, Australia
Hans Edmund Eckel, MD Klagenfurt, Austria
Ollivier Laccourreye, MD Paris, France
Michael D. Seidman, MD West Bloomfield, MI
Bevan Yueh, MD, MPH Minneapolis, MN
David E. Eibling, MD Pittsburgh, PA
Robert H. Maisel, MD Minneapolis, MN
Brent A. Senior, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Eiji Yumoto, MD Kumamoto, Japan
Marvin P. Fried, MD Bronx, NY
Francis Marchal, MD Geneva, Switzerland
William W. Shockley, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Ellen M. Friedman, MD Houston, TX
Madhu Mazumdar, PhD, MA, MS New York, NY
Timothy L. Smith, MD, MPH Portland, OR
*Designates American Laryngological Association Representative
TRIOLOGICAL SOCIETY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY COMMITTEE Gerald B. Healy, MD Boston, MA
Michael M. Johns III, MD Atlanta, GA
Stephen S. Park, MD Charlottesville, VA
Ronald B. Kuppersmith, MD College Station, TX
Myles L. Pensak, MD Cincinnati, OH
Jesus Medina, MD Oklahoma City, OK
Harold C. Pillsbury, MD Chapel Hill, NC
Robert H. Miller, MD Houston, TX
Michael G. Stewart, MD, MPH New York, NY
EDITORIAL COORDINATOR
MANAGING EDITOR
THE TRIOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Elizabeth Fetterman Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY E-mail: [email protected]
Julie Nash Cary, NC
13930 Gold Circle, #103, Omaha, NE 68144 Tel: 402-346-5500, Fax: 402-346-5300 E-mail: [email protected] www.triological.org
E-mail: [email protected] Submit to: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ lscope
PUBLISHER AND ADVERTISING STAFF, WILEY-BLACKWELL Vickie Thaw Executive Editor E-mail: [email protected]
Michael Perlowitz Advertising Sales Tel: 212-904-0374 E-mail: [email protected]
Monica Calibeo Production Editor E-mail: [email protected]
The Laryngoscope is the official journal of The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc., ‘‘The Triological Society,’’ and the American Laryngological Association
C 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society (The Copyright V Triological Society). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. Authorization to copy items for internal and personal use is granted by the copyright holder for libraries and other users registered with their local Reproduction Rights Organisation (RRO), e.g. Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA (www.copyright.com), provided the appropriate fee is paid directly to the RRO. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works or for resale. Special requests should be addressed to: [email protected]. All materials published, including but not limited to original research, clinical notes, editorials, reviews, reports, letters, and book reviews represent the opinions and views of the authors and do not reflect any official policy or medical opinion of the institutions with which the authors are affiliated, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, or of the Publisher unless this is clearly specified. The Publisher, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, and Editors cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal; the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Publisher, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, and Editors, neither does the publication of advertisements constitute any endorsement by the Publisher, The Triological Society, The American Laryngological Association, and Editors of the products advertised. Materials published herein are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. While the Editors, Society, Association, and Publisher believe that drug selections and dosages and the specifications and usage of equipment and devices as set forth herein are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication, they accept no legal responsibility for any errors or omissions, and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to material contained herein. Publication of an advertisement or other discussions of products in this publication should not be construed as an endorsement of the products or the manufacturers’ claims. Readers are encouraged to contact the manufacturers with any questions about the features or limitations of the products mentioned. The names, logos and seals of The Triological Society and the American Laryngological Association are trademarks of the respective societies. The Laryngoscope (print ISSN 0023-852X; online ISSN 1531-4995) is published monthly on behalf of The Triological Society and affiliated with the American Laryngological Association by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., a Wiley company, 111 River St., Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774. Periodical Postage Paid at Hoboken, NJ and additional offices. Postmaster: Send all address changes to The Laryngoscope, John Wiley & Sons Inc., C/O The Sheridan Press, PO Box 465, Hanover, PA 17331. Back Issues: Single issues from current and prior year volumes are available at the current single issue price from [email protected]. Earlier issues may be obtained from Periodicals Service Company, 11 Main Street, Germantown, NY 12526. Tel: +1 518 537 4700, fax: +1 518 537 5899, email: [email protected]
Advertising and Reprint Sales: Inquiries concerning advertising should be directed to: (display and classified advertising) Michael Perlowitz, National and Accounts Manager(212) 904-0374, [email protected]; Pharmaceutical Media Inc., 30 East 33rd Street, New York, NY 10016. Reprint sales and inquiries should be directed to the Customer Service Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: (201) 748-8789. Information for Subscribers: The Laryngoscope is published in 12 issues per year. Institutional subscription prices for 2016 are: print & online: US $1,132 (US), US $1,226 (rest of world), e792 (Europe), £627 (UK). Prices are exclusive of tax. Asia-Pacific GST, Canadian GST and European VAT will be applied at the appropriate rates. For more information on current tax rates, please go to www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/tax-vat. The price includes online access to the current and all online back files to January 1, 2012 where available. For other pricing options, including access information and terms and conditions, please visit www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/access. Personal subscriptions are also available through http:// ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1531-4995&doi=10.1002/(ISSN)1531-4995 Delivery Terms and Legal Title: Where the subscription price includes print issues and delivery is to the recipient’s address, delivery terms are DAP (Delivered at Place); the recipient is responsible for paying any import duty or taxes. Title to all issues transfers FOB our shipping point, freight prepaid. We will endeavour to fulfill claims for missing or damaged copies within six months of publication, within our reasonable discretion and subject to availability. Journal Customer Services: For ordering information, claims and any enquiry concerning your journal subscription please go to www.wileycustomerhelp.com/ask or contact your nearest office. Americas: email: [email protected]; Tel: +1 781 388 8598 or +1 800 835 6770 (toll free in the US & Canada). Europe, Middle East and Africa: email: [email protected]; Tel: +44 (0) 1865 778315. Asia Pacific: email: cs-journals@ wiley.com; Tel: +65 6511 8000. Japan: For Japanese speaking support, email: cs-japan@ wiley.com; Tel: +65 6511 8010 or Tel (toll-free): 005 316 50 480. Visit our Online Customer Help available in 7 languages at www.wileycustomerhelp.com/ask. Author Resources: For information on manuscript submission and instructions to authors, please visit www.laryngoscope.com. Online Open - The Laryngoscope accepts articles for Open Access publication. Please visit http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-406241.html for further information about OnlineOpen. Wiley’s Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups. Since launching the initiative, we have focused on sharing our content with those in need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, creating global guidelines and best practices for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts. Follow our progress at www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Access to this journal is available free online within institutions in the developing world through the HINARI initiative with the WHO. For information, visit www.healthinternetwork.org. Printed in the US by Cenveo Publisher Services. View this journal online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/lary
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