Lan
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INTERNETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES TOPIC: Configuration Of Small LAN
Introduction To LAN
The term LAN stands for Local Area Network. It consists of groups of computers & associated devices connected with each other through a common communiacation channel within a small geographic area.
A LAN can be as simple as two computers, each having a network interface card (NIC) or network adapter and running network software, connected together with a crossover cable.
The next step up would be a network consisting of three or more computers and a hub. Each of the computers is plugged into the hub with a straightthru cable (the crossover function is performed by the hub).
Utility Of LAN
Connecting the computers in the organization via a LAN can save a lot of time & money. Even in a small configuration it can save from buying multiple printers, backup media & other hardwares. Resources like files can be shared . Shared Internet connection removes the need of multiple modems & Internet accounts.
The greatest advantage of using LAN is the use of server on the network. A server computer can act as a server for some or all of these services :
•Mail Server •Print Server •FTP Server •File Server •Web Server •News Server
Steps For Creating a LAN
Setting up the hardware: This entails choosing a network topology, purchasing the equipment needed & installing it (adding cards & connecting wires). Configuring TCP/IP: To use most of the networking applications , TCP/IP must be configured.
LAN Equipments The equipment needed to connect the LAN can include some or all of the following: Network Interface Card (NIC) Cables:-Generally we use UTP-CAT5 cable. For two compueters we use crossover cabling & for more than two computers straight-thru cabling is needed. For cabling standard, 568A or 568B standard can be used. Crimping Tool Connectors: Here we can use RJ-45 connector Hub: It is a shared –medium which requires users to share bandwidth. Switch: A switch provides segmentation of network and increases the average available bandwidth
CABLING STANDARD
There are only two unique cable ends in the diagrams. They correspond to the 568A and 568B RJ-45 jacks and are shown to the right. Again, the wires with colored backgrounds may have white stripes and may be denoted that way .Remember the following rules: A straight-thru cable has identical ends. A crossover cable has different ends.
NETWORK CABLE TOOLS
The crimping tool also has cutters which can be used to cut the cable and individual wires, and stripping the outer jacket.
Normally, you should be able to do everything with a standard crimping tool.
Procedure For Setting Up a Wired LAN 1.Choose network topology (star, ring, bus etc). This procedure assumes a star topology. 2.Choose LAN hardware (NIC card, cables, connectors, Hub or Switch) 3.Install the NIC card. 4.Perform the crimping. 5.Connect the cables one end to NIC card & other slot to Hub or Switch for each computer. 6.Power up the system. The Ethernet card & interface (eth0) should be ready to use.
HOW TO MAKE CABLES • • • • •
•
1. Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut. The total length of wire segments between a PC and a hub or between two PC's cannot exceed 100 Meters (328 feet) 2. Strip one end of the cable with the stripper or a knife and diags. 3. Inspect the wires for nicks. Cut off the end and start over if you see any. 4. Spread and arrange the pairs roughly in the order of the desired cable end. 5. Untwist the pairs and arrange the wires in the order of the desired cable end. Flatten the end between your thumb and forefinger. Trim the ends of the wires so they are even with one another. It is very important that the unstripped (untwisted) end be slightly less than 1/2" long. There should be little or no space between the wires. 6. Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from you. Push the wire firmly into the plug.
CRIMPING •
7. Hold the wire near the RJ-45 plug with the clip down and firmly push it into the left side of the front of the crimper (it will only go in one way). Hold the wire in place squeeze the crimper handles quite firmly. (Crimp it once.) The crimper pushes two plungers down on the RJ-45 plug. One forces what amounts to a cleverly designed plastic plug/wedge onto the cable jacket and very firmly clinches it. The other seats the "pins," each with two teeth at its end, through the insulation and into the conductors of their respective wires. • 8. Test the crimp... If done properly an average person will not be able to pull the plug off the cable with his or her bare hands. • 9. Prepare the other end of the cable so it has the desired end and crimp. • 10. Look through the bottom of the plugs. If the plugs are wired correctly, and they are identical, it is a straight-thru cable. If they are wired correctly and they are different, it is a crossover cable. • 11. If you have an operational network, test the cable. Copy some large files. • 12. If the cable doesn't work, inspect the ends again and make sure you have the right cable and that it is plugged into the correct units for the type of cable.
Configuring Host Computers Each computer must have a unique address (IP address) on the network. There are two basic ways to assign a host name & IP address to the network interface:
Static Address-With static IP address, each computer has an IP address that doesn’t change each time the computer reboots or restarts its network interface. Dynamic Address-With dynamic addresses ,a client computer gets its IP address assigned from a server on the network when the client boots. The most popular protocol for providing dynamic address is DHCP.
Checking Connection
There are several methods to check that everything is up and working: Check the boot message to make sure the NIC card was detected(IN LINUX). Use the ping command to check connection with other computers(BOTH IN WINDOWS & LINUX). Check whether the indicator light in N.I.C at backpanel of C.P.U is on or not. Finally don’t forget to check the physical connection whether the cables are properly fitted or not.
Thank you
Introduction To LAN
The term LAN stands for Local Area Network. It consists of groups of computers & associated devices connected with each other through a common communiacation channel within a small geographic area.
A LAN can be as simple as two computers, each having a network interface card (NIC) or network adapter and running network software, connected together with a crossover cable.
The next step up would be a network consisting of three or more computers and a hub. Each of the computers is plugged into the hub with a straightthru cable (the crossover function is performed by the hub).
Utility Of LAN
Connecting the computers in the organization via a LAN can save a lot of time & money. Even in a small configuration it can save from buying multiple printers, backup media & other hardwares. Resources like files can be shared . Shared Internet connection removes the need of multiple modems & Internet accounts.
The greatest advantage of using LAN is the use of server on the network. A server computer can act as a server for some or all of these services :
•Mail Server •Print Server •FTP Server •File Server •Web Server •News Server
Steps For Creating a LAN
Setting up the hardware: This entails choosing a network topology, purchasing the equipment needed & installing it (adding cards & connecting wires). Configuring TCP/IP: To use most of the networking applications , TCP/IP must be configured.
LAN Equipments The equipment needed to connect the LAN can include some or all of the following: Network Interface Card (NIC) Cables:-Generally we use UTP-CAT5 cable. For two compueters we use crossover cabling & for more than two computers straight-thru cabling is needed. For cabling standard, 568A or 568B standard can be used. Crimping Tool Connectors: Here we can use RJ-45 connector Hub: It is a shared –medium which requires users to share bandwidth. Switch: A switch provides segmentation of network and increases the average available bandwidth
CABLING STANDARD
There are only two unique cable ends in the diagrams. They correspond to the 568A and 568B RJ-45 jacks and are shown to the right. Again, the wires with colored backgrounds may have white stripes and may be denoted that way .Remember the following rules: A straight-thru cable has identical ends. A crossover cable has different ends.
NETWORK CABLE TOOLS
The crimping tool also has cutters which can be used to cut the cable and individual wires, and stripping the outer jacket.
Normally, you should be able to do everything with a standard crimping tool.
Procedure For Setting Up a Wired LAN 1.Choose network topology (star, ring, bus etc). This procedure assumes a star topology. 2.Choose LAN hardware (NIC card, cables, connectors, Hub or Switch) 3.Install the NIC card. 4.Perform the crimping. 5.Connect the cables one end to NIC card & other slot to Hub or Switch for each computer. 6.Power up the system. The Ethernet card & interface (eth0) should be ready to use.
HOW TO MAKE CABLES • • • • •
•
1. Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut. The total length of wire segments between a PC and a hub or between two PC's cannot exceed 100 Meters (328 feet) 2. Strip one end of the cable with the stripper or a knife and diags. 3. Inspect the wires for nicks. Cut off the end and start over if you see any. 4. Spread and arrange the pairs roughly in the order of the desired cable end. 5. Untwist the pairs and arrange the wires in the order of the desired cable end. Flatten the end between your thumb and forefinger. Trim the ends of the wires so they are even with one another. It is very important that the unstripped (untwisted) end be slightly less than 1/2" long. There should be little or no space between the wires. 6. Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from you. Push the wire firmly into the plug.
CRIMPING •
7. Hold the wire near the RJ-45 plug with the clip down and firmly push it into the left side of the front of the crimper (it will only go in one way). Hold the wire in place squeeze the crimper handles quite firmly. (Crimp it once.) The crimper pushes two plungers down on the RJ-45 plug. One forces what amounts to a cleverly designed plastic plug/wedge onto the cable jacket and very firmly clinches it. The other seats the "pins," each with two teeth at its end, through the insulation and into the conductors of their respective wires. • 8. Test the crimp... If done properly an average person will not be able to pull the plug off the cable with his or her bare hands. • 9. Prepare the other end of the cable so it has the desired end and crimp. • 10. Look through the bottom of the plugs. If the plugs are wired correctly, and they are identical, it is a straight-thru cable. If they are wired correctly and they are different, it is a crossover cable. • 11. If you have an operational network, test the cable. Copy some large files. • 12. If the cable doesn't work, inspect the ends again and make sure you have the right cable and that it is plugged into the correct units for the type of cable.
Configuring Host Computers Each computer must have a unique address (IP address) on the network. There are two basic ways to assign a host name & IP address to the network interface:
Static Address-With static IP address, each computer has an IP address that doesn’t change each time the computer reboots or restarts its network interface. Dynamic Address-With dynamic addresses ,a client computer gets its IP address assigned from a server on the network when the client boots. The most popular protocol for providing dynamic address is DHCP.
Checking Connection
There are several methods to check that everything is up and working: Check the boot message to make sure the NIC card was detected(IN LINUX). Use the ping command to check connection with other computers(BOTH IN WINDOWS & LINUX). Check whether the indicator light in N.I.C at backpanel of C.P.U is on or not. Finally don’t forget to check the physical connection whether the cables are properly fitted or not.
Thank you
