Laboratory[1]
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Laboratory - CHEMISTRY Name: Christian Henry Sanchez Requested by: Pilar Wee, M.D Age: 8 Gender: Male Admission No.: 63398 SID: 1
Date Received: 8 – 05 – 07 Date Released: 8 – 05 – 07 Bed No: 412
Conventional Unit TEST
7:00 AM 9:57 AM
S I Unit
RESULT
REFERENCE
RESULT
REFERENCE
Sodium
136 mEq/L
135.0 – 145.0
136 mmol/L
135.0 – 145.0
Potassium
3.4 mEq/L
3.80 – 5.50
3.4 mmol/L
3.80 – 5.50
Calcium
8.55 mg/dL
8.4 – 11.0
2.13 mmol/L
2.10 – 2.75
General Analysis: Sodium and calcium levels within normal range. Potassium on the other hand were decreased, marked alterations occurs in many disease states and may cause disturbance in the heart as evidenced by fluctuation of heart rate noted in the vital signs monitoring sheet. Potassium quantities must be in balance with sodium quantities. Nursing responsibilities: Pre-op: 1.) Inform consent coordinate with person involve health care team. 2.) Explain the procedure to the patient. Intra-op: 1.) Send the specimen immediately at the laboratory Post- op: 1.) Notify physician immediately 2.) Wait for result
Computed tomography scan (CT SCAN) Makes of a narrow x-ray beam to scan the head in successive layers. The images provide cross – sectional views of the brain, with distinguishing differences in tissue densities of the scull, cortex sub cortical structures and ventricles. The brightness of each slice of the brain in the final image is proportional to the degree to which it absorbs x-ray. The image is displayed on a oscilloscope or TV monitor and is photographed and stored digitally. Lesions in the brain are seen as variation in tissue density differing from the surrounding normal brain tissue. Abnormalities of tissue indicate possible tumor masses, brain infarction, displacement of ventricles and cortical atrophy. The client lies on un adjustable table with the head held in a fixed position, while scanning system rotates around the head and produces cross – sectional image. The client must lie with the head held perfectly still without talking or moving the face, because head motion will distort the image. CT scan is non invasive and painless and has a high degree of sensitivity for detecting lesions. PURPOSE: 1.) Sensitive for detecting lesions. 2.) To image bone, soft tissues and air. 3.) To detect hematoma (blood dotted mass), tumors, stroke, aneurysms (a blood vessel that rupture, and degenerative of infected brain tissue. 4.) To obtain specialized images of your brain, organs or bones. 5.) To guide some types of biopsies (the removal of small amount of tissue for examination and determine whether cancer is present.) Nursing responsibilities Pre-op: Tell and explain the procedure and it’s important to the client if necessary to the significant others. Intra-op: Instruct the client about the need to lie quietly throughout the procedure. Post-op: Follow up the result and report to the physician.
Rationale To get cooperation
To have a clear view of the image and prevent distortion of the images To inform the abnormalities that has been found and for further analysis of the physician.
Laboratory – CHEMISTRY Serum electrolytes levels – Sodium, Potassium and Calcium are ions that are vital to cellular depolarization and repolarization. In addition, the serum sodium concentration reflects fluid balance. Generally, hyponatremia (low sodium level) indicates fluid excess, and hypernatremia (high sodium level) indicates fluid deficit. A decrease in potassium causes cardiac irritability. The effect of an elevated serum potassium concentration in myocardial depression and ventricular fibrillation or cardiac standstill. Calcium necessary for blood coagulability and neuromuscular activity. Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia can cause dysrhythmias.
Purposes: 1.) To assess a wide range of conditions and the functions of organs. 2.) To check electrolytes, the minerals that help keep the body’s fluid levels in balance, and are necessary to help the muscles, heart, and other organs work properly.
Nursing Responsibilities Pre-op: Tell and explain the procedure and its importance. Intra-op: Label the specimen properly. Send the specimen immediately to the laboratory. Post-op: Follow up the result and report to the physician.
Rationale To get cooperation To know whom owns the specimen and to prevent any further discrepancies or switching of specimen. To avoid growth of bacteria. To inform the abnormality that has been found and for further analysis of the physician.
Date Received: 8 – 05 – 07 Date Released: 8 – 05 – 07 Bed No: 412
Conventional Unit TEST
7:00 AM 9:57 AM
S I Unit
RESULT
REFERENCE
RESULT
REFERENCE
Sodium
136 mEq/L
135.0 – 145.0
136 mmol/L
135.0 – 145.0
Potassium
3.4 mEq/L
3.80 – 5.50
3.4 mmol/L
3.80 – 5.50
Calcium
8.55 mg/dL
8.4 – 11.0
2.13 mmol/L
2.10 – 2.75
General Analysis: Sodium and calcium levels within normal range. Potassium on the other hand were decreased, marked alterations occurs in many disease states and may cause disturbance in the heart as evidenced by fluctuation of heart rate noted in the vital signs monitoring sheet. Potassium quantities must be in balance with sodium quantities. Nursing responsibilities: Pre-op: 1.) Inform consent coordinate with person involve health care team. 2.) Explain the procedure to the patient. Intra-op: 1.) Send the specimen immediately at the laboratory Post- op: 1.) Notify physician immediately 2.) Wait for result
Computed tomography scan (CT SCAN) Makes of a narrow x-ray beam to scan the head in successive layers. The images provide cross – sectional views of the brain, with distinguishing differences in tissue densities of the scull, cortex sub cortical structures and ventricles. The brightness of each slice of the brain in the final image is proportional to the degree to which it absorbs x-ray. The image is displayed on a oscilloscope or TV monitor and is photographed and stored digitally. Lesions in the brain are seen as variation in tissue density differing from the surrounding normal brain tissue. Abnormalities of tissue indicate possible tumor masses, brain infarction, displacement of ventricles and cortical atrophy. The client lies on un adjustable table with the head held in a fixed position, while scanning system rotates around the head and produces cross – sectional image. The client must lie with the head held perfectly still without talking or moving the face, because head motion will distort the image. CT scan is non invasive and painless and has a high degree of sensitivity for detecting lesions. PURPOSE: 1.) Sensitive for detecting lesions. 2.) To image bone, soft tissues and air. 3.) To detect hematoma (blood dotted mass), tumors, stroke, aneurysms (a blood vessel that rupture, and degenerative of infected brain tissue. 4.) To obtain specialized images of your brain, organs or bones. 5.) To guide some types of biopsies (the removal of small amount of tissue for examination and determine whether cancer is present.) Nursing responsibilities Pre-op: Tell and explain the procedure and it’s important to the client if necessary to the significant others. Intra-op: Instruct the client about the need to lie quietly throughout the procedure. Post-op: Follow up the result and report to the physician.
Rationale To get cooperation
To have a clear view of the image and prevent distortion of the images To inform the abnormalities that has been found and for further analysis of the physician.
Laboratory – CHEMISTRY Serum electrolytes levels – Sodium, Potassium and Calcium are ions that are vital to cellular depolarization and repolarization. In addition, the serum sodium concentration reflects fluid balance. Generally, hyponatremia (low sodium level) indicates fluid excess, and hypernatremia (high sodium level) indicates fluid deficit. A decrease in potassium causes cardiac irritability. The effect of an elevated serum potassium concentration in myocardial depression and ventricular fibrillation or cardiac standstill. Calcium necessary for blood coagulability and neuromuscular activity. Hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia can cause dysrhythmias.
Purposes: 1.) To assess a wide range of conditions and the functions of organs. 2.) To check electrolytes, the minerals that help keep the body’s fluid levels in balance, and are necessary to help the muscles, heart, and other organs work properly.
Nursing Responsibilities Pre-op: Tell and explain the procedure and its importance. Intra-op: Label the specimen properly. Send the specimen immediately to the laboratory. Post-op: Follow up the result and report to the physician.
Rationale To get cooperation To know whom owns the specimen and to prevent any further discrepancies or switching of specimen. To avoid growth of bacteria. To inform the abnormality that has been found and for further analysis of the physician.
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