Krause The Federalist Papers
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THE FEDERALI ST PAPERS
Alejandro Bascoy David Baden Nicolas Andrade Gabriel Andres
The Federalist No. 10 Factions
The Federalist No. 10
The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection Written by James Madison November 22, 1787 The Daily Advertiser
The Federalist No. 10
How do we guard against factions? Well, what is a faction? “A number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.”
The Federalist No. 10
Why are factions bad? They break apart the Republic. “Instability, injustice, confusion…the mortal diseases under which popular governments everywhere have perished.”
Two methods of getting rid of factions: Removing
its causes. Controlling its effects
The Federalist No. 10
Method 1: Removing Its Causes Destroying liberty. Make everybody the same.
Destroying liberty would not work. “The
remedy is worse than the disease.”
Making everybody the same is impossible. People
possess different degrees of property. Therefore, nobody will think alike.
The Federalist No. 10
Madison saw direct democracy as a threat to individual rights. “A pure democracy can admit no cure for the mischief of faction.” Representative democracy works best, especially in large republics.
The Federalist No. 10
Why is a representative democracy better? Delegates refine and enlarge the public view. More people to choose from, therefore better candidates. The most qualified men will be elected.
The Federalist No. 53 The House of Representatives Term Lengths
The Federalist No. 53
The Same Subject Continued: The House of Representatives James Madison February 12, 1788 New York Packet
The Federalist No. 53
“Where annual elections end, tyranny begins.” Madison debates the length of terms a representative should serve. He compares several examples of magistrates’ terms in different states: Half a year in Connecticut and Rhode Island. Once a year in South Carolina.
Both are well governed.
The Federalist No. 53
Madison says the constitution must be made difficult to change. He associates Britain’s tyranny with Parliament’s ability to easily change the constitution. “The important distinction so well understood in America, between a Constitution established by the people and unalterable by the government, and a law established by the government and alterable by the government, seems to have been little understood and less observed in any other country.”
The Federalist No. 53
“Are biennial elections necessary or useful?” The period of service ought to reflect the practical knowledge requires to perform the service. Madison advocates two years instead of one. Madison thought federal terms must exceed state terms.
The Federalist No. 53
Madison noted other considerations. Travel is facilitated by a longer term. With frequent elections, there will always be new members going through a learning curve. Newer member might be easily manipulated by older ones.
The Federalist No. 53
Madison concludes: All these considerations taken together warrant us in affirming, that biennial elections will be as useful to the affairs of the public as we have seen that they will be safe to the liberty of the people.
The Federalist No. 56 The Size of the House of Representatives
The Federalist No. 56
The Total Number of the House of Representatives Written by James Madison February 16, 1788 Independent Journal
The House of Representatives “The second charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be too small to possess a due knowledge of the interests of its constituents.” James Madison
The Federalist No. 56
Madison believed enough representatives were needed to have a good acquaintance with the constituents. The House of Representatives must reflect: The number of inhabitants. The diversity of interests.
What is most important quality of a representative? Local
knowledge of commerce, taxation, and militia.
The Federalist No. 56
States are in charge of drawing congressional districts. Representatives should have been members of the State Legislature previously. Representatives must also become conscious of the laws of other states.
The Federalist No. 56
Madison hails Great Britain’s House of Commons as a good model for the U.S. House of Representatives. Madison suggests a representative for ever 30,000 inhabitants. “A safe and competent guardian of the interests which will be confided to it.”
The Federalist No. 57 Repudiating Claims of Elitism
The Federalist No. 57
The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation Written by James Madison February 19, 1788 New York Packet
The House of Representatives “THE third charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be taken from that class of citizens which will have least sympathy with the mass of the people, and be most likely to aim at an ambitious sacrifice of the many to the aggrandizement of the few.” James Madison
The Federalist No. 57
Madison asks, “Who elects the representatives?” Both
the rich and the poor.
Madison asks, “Who is allowed to vote?” Anyone,
without discrimination to wealth, faith, or profession.
“Of all the objections which have been framed against the federal Constitution, this is perhaps the most extraordinary.”
The Federalist No. 57
How will the representatives remain loyal to their constituents? They
were voted for, thus they have an obligation to uphold their promises. They feel gratitude toward their constituents. The Representative would like to advance his career. He can only do this with popular support. Frequent elections keep them in check.
The Federalist No. 57
“Duty, gratitude, interest, ambition itself, are the chords by which they will be bound to fidelity and sympathy with the great mass of the people.” Madison names different states, demonstrating that neither of their representatives have shown disloyalty to their constituents.
THE END Krause; Period 4; February 20th , 2009
Alejandro Bascoy David Baden Nicolas Andrade Gabriel Andres
The Federalist No. 10 Factions
The Federalist No. 10
The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection Written by James Madison November 22, 1787 The Daily Advertiser
The Federalist No. 10
How do we guard against factions? Well, what is a faction? “A number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.”
The Federalist No. 10
Why are factions bad? They break apart the Republic. “Instability, injustice, confusion…the mortal diseases under which popular governments everywhere have perished.”
Two methods of getting rid of factions: Removing
its causes. Controlling its effects
The Federalist No. 10
Method 1: Removing Its Causes Destroying liberty. Make everybody the same.
Destroying liberty would not work. “The
remedy is worse than the disease.”
Making everybody the same is impossible. People
possess different degrees of property. Therefore, nobody will think alike.
The Federalist No. 10
Madison saw direct democracy as a threat to individual rights. “A pure democracy can admit no cure for the mischief of faction.” Representative democracy works best, especially in large republics.
The Federalist No. 10
Why is a representative democracy better? Delegates refine and enlarge the public view. More people to choose from, therefore better candidates. The most qualified men will be elected.
The Federalist No. 53 The House of Representatives Term Lengths
The Federalist No. 53
The Same Subject Continued: The House of Representatives James Madison February 12, 1788 New York Packet
The Federalist No. 53
“Where annual elections end, tyranny begins.” Madison debates the length of terms a representative should serve. He compares several examples of magistrates’ terms in different states: Half a year in Connecticut and Rhode Island. Once a year in South Carolina.
Both are well governed.
The Federalist No. 53
Madison says the constitution must be made difficult to change. He associates Britain’s tyranny with Parliament’s ability to easily change the constitution. “The important distinction so well understood in America, between a Constitution established by the people and unalterable by the government, and a law established by the government and alterable by the government, seems to have been little understood and less observed in any other country.”
The Federalist No. 53
“Are biennial elections necessary or useful?” The period of service ought to reflect the practical knowledge requires to perform the service. Madison advocates two years instead of one. Madison thought federal terms must exceed state terms.
The Federalist No. 53
Madison noted other considerations. Travel is facilitated by a longer term. With frequent elections, there will always be new members going through a learning curve. Newer member might be easily manipulated by older ones.
The Federalist No. 53
Madison concludes: All these considerations taken together warrant us in affirming, that biennial elections will be as useful to the affairs of the public as we have seen that they will be safe to the liberty of the people.
The Federalist No. 56 The Size of the House of Representatives
The Federalist No. 56
The Total Number of the House of Representatives Written by James Madison February 16, 1788 Independent Journal
The House of Representatives “The second charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be too small to possess a due knowledge of the interests of its constituents.” James Madison
The Federalist No. 56
Madison believed enough representatives were needed to have a good acquaintance with the constituents. The House of Representatives must reflect: The number of inhabitants. The diversity of interests.
What is most important quality of a representative? Local
knowledge of commerce, taxation, and militia.
The Federalist No. 56
States are in charge of drawing congressional districts. Representatives should have been members of the State Legislature previously. Representatives must also become conscious of the laws of other states.
The Federalist No. 56
Madison hails Great Britain’s House of Commons as a good model for the U.S. House of Representatives. Madison suggests a representative for ever 30,000 inhabitants. “A safe and competent guardian of the interests which will be confided to it.”
The Federalist No. 57 Repudiating Claims of Elitism
The Federalist No. 57
The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation Written by James Madison February 19, 1788 New York Packet
The House of Representatives “THE third charge against the House of Representatives is, that it will be taken from that class of citizens which will have least sympathy with the mass of the people, and be most likely to aim at an ambitious sacrifice of the many to the aggrandizement of the few.” James Madison
The Federalist No. 57
Madison asks, “Who elects the representatives?” Both
the rich and the poor.
Madison asks, “Who is allowed to vote?” Anyone,
without discrimination to wealth, faith, or profession.
“Of all the objections which have been framed against the federal Constitution, this is perhaps the most extraordinary.”
The Federalist No. 57
How will the representatives remain loyal to their constituents? They
were voted for, thus they have an obligation to uphold their promises. They feel gratitude toward their constituents. The Representative would like to advance his career. He can only do this with popular support. Frequent elections keep them in check.
The Federalist No. 57
“Duty, gratitude, interest, ambition itself, are the chords by which they will be bound to fidelity and sympathy with the great mass of the people.” Madison names different states, demonstrating that neither of their representatives have shown disloyalty to their constituents.
THE END Krause; Period 4; February 20th , 2009
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