Kenya Humanitarian Update Vol 33

UNITED

NATIONS

HUMANITARIAN UPDATE vol. 33 20 August – 27 August 2008 Office of the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator in Kenya HIGHLIGHTS • The Kenyan Red Cross reported that there are 25,296 IDPs in 48 IDP camps; the KRCS, WFP and an interagency assessment noted that there were 99,198 IDPs in 160 transit sites; the Government reported that 226,187 IDPs had returned to pre-displacement areas by 18 August. • The Long Rains Assessment noted that USD 27.5 million in interventions is required through multiple sectors to address food insecurity. • Ten pastoralists were killed in clashes near the Kenya-Uganda border and others displaced to Oropoi division, Turkana North district, according to the Lockichoggio Oropoi and Kakuma Development Organization. The information contained in this report has been compiled by OCHA from information received from the field, from national and international humanitarian partners and from other official sources. It does not represent a position from the United Nations. This report is posted on: http://ochaonline.un.org/kenya I.

General Overview

In an effort to reconfirm commitments made to address some of the core drivers of conflict, the Kenyan National Dialogue and Reconciliation released a public service announcement in local media. An ambitious matrix of planned activities was outlined, including reform of the constitution, over the next six to twelve months. As a critical part of the peace-building process, the Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission is also expected to complete its work by 2010. Meanwhile, measures to address inequities and regional imbalances will be implemented within the next two to three years. Meanwhile, the debate over whether perpetrators of the PEV should receive amnesty was aired in the Commission of Inquiry into the Post-Election Violence as Attorney General Amos Wako rejected calls to grant amnesty to perpetrators of PEV. However, noting that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute many alleged offenders being held in association with the violence, he recommended that a Criminal Investigation Department be created under the Attorney General's office to conduct further investigations. Recognizing that land-related issues are some of the primary drivers of conflict, there has been widespread demand for the first National Land Policy since 1963 to be passed. The Policy is expected to address irregular allocations of land and accessibility to land by the poor. Civil society groups have also advocated that that the Policy address the various functions that land serves to the diverse population in Kenya, including a primary source of livelihoods for agriculturalists and pastoralists; a foundation for national economic development; and an important source of cultural heritage. It has been highlighted that the lack of clear policies to address access, rights, usage and competing interests in land, could continue to fuel conflicts in the country, particularly as population pressures increase the demand for resources.

Pastoralist child in Turkana district. March 2008. For more on pastoralist livelihoods see p. 3

In addition to ongoing processes to address longstanding grievances the Government initiated constructive channels to hold public offices accountable for service delivery. A Public Service week was held between 20-27 August, which included efforts to improve public services, such as extended hours of service. Citizens Service Charters were also launched which provide essential information on the functions and services of all public offices, thereby empowering the public to hold officials and institutions accountable to their mandates. (For the President’s statement on Public Service Week, see: http://www.communication.go.ke/media.asp?id=696g)

II. Humanitarian Situation Food Security Based on the findings of the Long Rains Assessment (LRA) conducted by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG), immediate and long-term interventions are necessary in several sectors to respond to the food security situation. Because of the compounding factors contributing to food insecurity in pastoral regions, they require the greatest amount of resources in multiple sectoral areas. Some of the major factors affecting food security in these areas include: below-normal and sporadic rainfall; livestock diseases, including peste des petits ruminants (PPR), which deteriorated livestock body conditions and decrease pastoralists’ purchasing power; insecurity due to cattle rustling and competition for resources; high commodity prices; and high rates of malnutrition. Funding Requirements (in Ksh millions) in Response to Food Insecurity SECTOR

Livestock

Agriculture

Long Term

REGION

Imm

Northern Pastoral Eastern Pastoral

156 110

10

10

Agro Pastoral

12.5

28.5

9

Eastern Marginal Agricultural Coastal Marginal Agricultural Total

9

287.5

Imm.

69

Water

Education

TOTAL

Long Term

Imm.

Long Term

Imm.

Long Term

42

1

28

68

32

327

50

140

158

478

10

40

2

50

38.5

Health

17.5 27

44

Imm.

5

124.5

121

10

2

29

175

460

108

47.5

117

544

355

118

TOTAL USD

217 774 1,620.5 USD 25.7

Sourc: KFSSG Long Rains Assessment, August 2008.

The LRA provides an important opportunity to identify areas at risk of food insecurity and areas of possible intervention; however, the situation also needs to be considered with respect to the seasonal calendar and specifically the forthcoming short rains (between mid-October and the end of December). According to FEWSNET, the degraded pastures and deteriorated crop conditions in 2008 were in part affected by poor short rains in 2007; likewise the food security situation for the remainder of 2008 and in 2009 will be greatly affected by the short rains.

Source: FEWSNET, August 2008.

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Pastoralist Livelihoods The period between the long and short rains is also the time period in which pastoralists migrate with livestock to dry-season grazing areas. Because of the prevailing drought conditions throughout a significant portion of pastoralist areas, there has been increased competition for resources amongst pastoralists during this season. The Lockichoggio Oropoi and Kakuma Development Organization (LOKADO) highlighted that one of the key grazing area during drought periods spans between Koten and Morulem, Turkana district to Kotdo district, Uganda. The proliferation of arms and presence of cattle rustlers in this region, however, has resulted loss of over 300 cattle and 3,500 shoats over the past two years. In an effort to protect the region, which is also an important wildlife corridor, the Ugandan Government reportedly sent a notice that all pastoralists were to vacate the area in July; however, with increasingly scare pasture areas to turn to, many pastoralists remained. LOKADO reported that on 15 August, the Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) led an operation in the region to evict the pastoralists and clashes erupted. LOKADO reported that the clashes resulted in the death of ten people and injury of three others. Following the clashes, LOKADO reports that the pastoralists have moved over the border into Kenya and have sought refuge in Oropoi division, Turkana North district. However, there is reportedly insufficient pasture and water in the area. The displaced population is also reportedly in need of food aid and NFIs. Meanwhile, the UN Department of Safety and Security reported that, despite monthly peace and reconciliation meetings, tensions are high in Oropoi division, Turkana North particularly following clashes during a failed cross-border raid by cattle rustlers between 24-25 August. Source: Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism

Mount Elgon Peacenet reported that a three-day peace meeting was held in Busia, Mount Elgon from 13-15 August supported by Peacenet, Safer World and the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission, Bungoma Diocese and including the participation of 48 leaders from communities in Mount Elgon. The purpose of the meeting was to develop a common platform for reconciliation among the conflicting parties and devise a schedule for peace building activities. At the meeting, it was agreed that an interim District Peace Committee would be formed in the area to lead peace building activities. It was also recognized that traditional institutions, such as the council of elders, and community-based peace building models needed to be strengthened. Furthermore, the important role that youth play in peace building was recognized, especially because of the youth involvement in the conflict, and youth-specific programming was discussed.

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On 22 August, there were demonstrations in Mount Elgon during a visit of the Parliamentary Committee on National Security, which was undertaking a fact-finding mission over claims that the military perpetrated acts of torture during their security operation to rout the Sabaot Land Defense Force (SLDF) militia. The protestors demanded that the military remain in Mount Elgon to ensure their security. The Mount Elgon district police, meanwhile, intensified their search for bodies of victims of the violence in the region; ten bodies have been exhumed so far. Security UNDSS reported that tensions arose along the Mandera East district border with Ethiopia on 13 August after an Ethiopian national who was detained in a Kenyan prison, died due to illness. The situation was calmed and the body of the deceased man was given to his family in Suftu, Ethiopia. Population Movements and Displacement Trends The KRCS reported that there were 25,296 IDPs in 48 IDP camps as of 1 September. The KRCS, WFP and an interagency assessment noted that there were 99,198 IDPs in 160 transit sites. The Ministry of State for Special Programmes (MOSSP) reported that as of 18 August, 226,187 IDPs had returned to pre-displacement areas. The majority of returns have taken place from Molo district (43,277 persons) followed by Kipkelion (23,992 persons) and Trans Nzoia West districts (21,482 persons).

Source: KRCS 27 August

There has been an increasing trend of IDP movement to, and settlement in, areas other than their pre-displacement homes. This trend is in accordance with the Guiding Principles on Displacement, which reaffirms the right of IDPs to return to their pre-displacement home, integrate in their area of displacement, or relocate to another destination of their choice. Indeed, the Ministry of State for Special Programmes (MOSSP) facilitated IDPs to choose their destination by paying “resettlement/start-up funds” at the site of displacement or through Kenya Commercial Bank branches, rather than only in pre-displacement areas. However, with multiple trends in IDP movements, the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance has been challenging. Many of the areas of return, relocation or integration remain in need of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, continued food assistance and access to other basic services. South Rift Valley IDP Camps 27

IDP Camp Population 15,610

Source, Kenya Red Cross, 27 August

The highest concentration of IDP camps remains in the South Rift Valley region. However, the Government has shared their plans to close all IDP camps by 31 August.

District Molo Narok South Kipkelion Total

Number of Transit Sites 54 9 1 64

Population in Transit Sites 37,971 2,000 500 40,471

Source, Inter-agency assessment 10-11 June for Molo and Narok South districts; KRC/WFP Distribution Plans, 23 August for Kipkelion district (including transit sites only from the distribution list)

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Nakuru District There was an increase in the number of IDPs who have registered to return in Nakuru district; however, there remains a lack of trucks to facilitate movements. A group of IDPs comprised of 500 families (approximately 2,000 individuals) have identified a tenacre plot of land at Pipeline Area in Nakuru Town which they intend to collectively purchase and relocate to. The DCs office is currently supporting the group to confirm the authenticity of the land title deed and have assisted the group to obtain legal services. Some of the IDPs originated in Nakuru town while others had been displaced from Nandi, Uasin Gishu, Molo, Koibatek, Kericho and Makongeni districts. A second group of 220 families (approximately 1,000 people) has also identified another ten-acre plot of land in the Pipeline Area, Nakuru Town, to which they wish to relocate. This group is comprised primarily of former squatters at Makongeni farm in Nakuru municipality. Whilst the DC has committed to assist these two populations to move to the new sites once they have completed the purchasing process, there has also been an appeal to the humanitarian community to provide basic services to the IDPs at these new sites. In response, UNICEF has earmarked NFIs, UNHCR has identified tents, and WFP and KRCS are planning to meet food aid needs. Action Against Hunger (ACF) and the District Architects Office have committed to assist the IDPs to plan WASH infrastructure at the sites and UNCHR and OCHA are helping the populations obtain information so they can make informed decisions about the sites they choose (including information on security and accessibility of basic service infrastructure). It was agreed that an inter-agency needs assessment will be conducted when the IDPs move to the site. Naivasha District IDP movements from Naivasha Stadium IDP camp were expected to start on 20 August. However, a lack of payment of Government start-up funds and lack of trucks to facilitate movement have delayed the process. Molo District IDP movements were also delayed in Molo district, pending the arrival of Government funds to distribute to returnees. ! North Rift Valley District IDP Camps 6

IDP Camp Population 7,709

Source, Kenya Red Cross, 27 August

Movement of IDPs from camps to return areas continues to decline as communities await payment of the Government start up funds (Ksh 10,000).

Uasin Gishu Trans Nzoia West Lugari Kisumu Nyamira Masaba Bungoma East Bungoma South Koibatek Nandi North Nandi South TOTAL

Number of Transit Sites 48 8

Population in Transit Sites

13 2 1 1 3

4,031 253 194 204 319

1

24

1 11 7

254 3,845 6,168

96

58,727

26,152 17,283

Source: KRC/WFP Distribution Plans, 23 August, only including sites identified as “Transit Sites” or “Transit Farms”.

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II. Humanitarian Response Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan Funding as of 19 August

CCCM

Ongoing monitoring of transit sites continues to highlight gaps in access to food, shelter, NFIs, water and sanitation and health facilities. Many returnees state that they are reluctant to return to their farms until they receive the KSh10,000 Government Funding: 104,829,169/ 54.62% payment. The cluster plans to recommence efforts to map all Unmet Requirements: 87,100,134 transit sites in the North and South Rift by 1 September; it is expected that this mapping exercise will facilitate future monitoring efforts. Meanwhile, an assessment of shelter and NFI needs in Uasin Gishu district transit sites is ongoing. Original Requirements: 41,938,954 Revised Requirements: 191,929,303

Results of the IDP profiling exercise were sent to the National Bureau of Statistics and are expected to be shared by 20 September. Protection The Cluster has completed the assessment of the protection concerns and needs of IDPs in communities in eight districts in Western Province. Workshops on the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement are planned for Provincial Administration, District Commissioners, and District Officers in Kakamega for the first week in September. The Cluster is also field testing the Handbook for the Protection of IDPs. UNICEF, the Children’s Department and Children’s Welfare Society have visited 326 child care institutions (CCIs) and have identified 1,752 cases of children separated from their families related to the PEV. Between 850 and 900 child-headed households, related to PEV, were also identified in Molo district. It is estimated that here are several factors leading to the increased number of childheaded households, including improved reporting. Parents have also reported that they left their children behind because of lack of basic services in areas of return such as shelter, schools, and health facilities. Some cited insecurity as a reason, particularly in Karirikanyi location, Molo District. The Molo DC’s Office agreed to follow up on peace and reconciliation activities in the area. A collaborative systems development programme for separated children is being finalized and the department of Children’s services and National Council of Children’s Services are planning an Emergency and Preparedness Response Planning session for 15-17 September. It is expected that this will provide the basis for establishing a coordination mechanism to respond to emergencies as they arise. The GBV Sub-Cluster, with legal support from the Federation of Women Lawyers, is compiling final submissions to the Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence. The report will include the reports from Nairobi, Nakuru, Eldoret, and Kisumu districts, where the sub-cluster supported survivors to testify and highlight legal issues. A UNHCR field trip in Molo concluded that there has been an increase in the number of cases of GBV in transit sites. The situation is reportedly being exacerbated due to constraints in the delivery of humanitarian assistance and lack of livelihood options, which reportedly increased stress, frustration and vulnerabilities amongst the displaced. The UNHCR Protection Officer and Community Services Assistant conducted an informal SGBV sensitization exercises targeting women, men and youth in four transit sites: Rironi, Jogoo, Milima, and Total Centre. More sensitization and mapping of services for GBV survivors will continue to be carried out in the South Rift. A field trip by the UNFPA GENCAP Advisor to evaluate Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) in Nakuru, Naivasha, Eldoret, and Kitale concluded that local populations, CBOs, NGOs, UN agencies, and local authorities lacked knowledge of what constitutes a SEA offense and often confused SEA with GBV. SEA is an abuse of a position of power exercised on those who are

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vulnerable or susceptible to coercion and in need of goods, services, employment or other life sustaining inputs. However, there were allegations that SEA had been perpetrated by organization personnel, authorities, and other IDPs. In the areas of return in Nakuru and Naivasha there were also reports of incidents of sex exchanged money or food. In Eldoret Showground IDP Camp, Uasin Gishu district, food scarcity reportedly led to the exploitation of girls in exchange for food. The large population of children not in school and the lack of livelihood recovery leave populations vulnerable to exploitation. The exchange of sexual services for essential commodities was widely perceived as a survival tactic. There were many factors reported which have contributed to an under-reporting of SEA offenses, including: lack of SEA awareness; shame and embarrassment; a perception that reporting is complicated and unnecessary or could result in the victim loosing a source of food or other provision; a lack of clear/effective reporting mechanism; and lack of confidentiality in reporting. SEA prevention workshops are planed to be rolled out in October. Who Refugee Consortium Kenya UNHCR & Kenya Paralegal Association Ministry of Gender UNFPA

Place and date Molo district

Activity/ Report Free legal services provided to several survivors of GBV.

Nyanza Province

Providing legal assistance and counselling to IDPs.

Naivasha district

SCUK

Eldoret, Uasin Gishu district North Rift Valley

Outreach provided to IDPs on the Women’s Fund and support provided for the development of a safe house for survivors of GBV. Led discussion on issues related to GBV coordination and inter-agency collaboration. Met with cluster members to identify gaps, challenges and good practices in current GBV coordination. Following up on three cases of GBV from the Nagarua transit site, referred by Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Providing legal support to abused adolescent girls in IDP camps and areas of return. Reunited 9 out of 55 cases of separated children in their programme. Developing community based child protection structures.

Equality Now SCUK SCUK

Eldoret, Uasin Gishu district, 19 August

5 transit sites in Molo district.

Shelter and Non Food Items The MoSSP will construct 40,000 houses over a nine-month period. Each house will cost an estimated KSh33,000 and the total cost of the project will be USD22 million. The Government’s Shelter Project, supported by the UNDP Early Recovery Advisor will begin by building 300 houses in Kuresoi, Molo district. The project will be implemented in a participatory manner: timber, iron sheets, cement and Ksh 6,000 (cash for work) will be contributed to households targeted by the DC. There will also be a training component of the program, which will target youth in construction skills development and women for clay brick making. Funding for 4,000 houses has been secured and pledges have been received for an additional 22,000 houses. DRC, supported by UNHCR, will distribute 2,700 transitional shelter kits in Molo District targeting Keringet, Gusemia, Nyagacho, Muae, Kinkasa, Kiambogo, Githima, Karirirkanya, Nyakinywa and Kio Divisions. In Kipkelion, GOAL is supplying 300 kits to families whose houses were partially damaged. IOM will also support 115 shelters in Kurusoi, Molo district; 350 in Kieklion district; and 250 in Lugari district. Discussions in the Shelter Cluster sector have focused on how to ensure that projects are wellcoordinated, targeted to avoid duplication or gaps, and harmonized to avoid any major discrepancies in the shelter design. Who FIDA & MoH Refugee Consortium Kenya

Place Eldoret Limuru district

Activity/ Report Distributed sanitary towels Distributed wool to women

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DRC

Molo

DRC

Gusemia, Kameaura, Kamota, Kio, Molo District Molo

SCUK UNHCR UNHCR

UNHCR and Kenya Community Paralegal Associated

Molo Jasho/Malel Kipkenyo, Uasin Gishu district Maraba transit site, Nandi North district. Muhoroni Division, Nyando district. Naivasha and Nakuru districts

Targeted 880HH with fertilizer and seeds of maize, peas, carrots, kale, and cabbage Distributed NFIs Distributing agricultural fare to 1800HH, cash for work 500HH, restocking 600HH, cash grants 50HH, and vet assistance to 2000HH. Distributed sanitary towels in transit sites. Distributed NFIs and shelter materials.

Identified 30 IDP families living in communities and distributed shelter materials to each household.

Education Kenya’s National Music Festival brought 80,000 students from across the country to Kisumu to celebrate the theme of living together in unity, peace and harmony. Leaders encouraged Head Teachers to promote similar activities with the government funds allocated to each school to support peace initiatives. IMC is investigating reports that students are unable to attend the existing school in Kiambaa, Kiambu district, and parents have requested that tents be provided to accommodate them. Food Assistance With the number of food aid beneficiaries expected to increase form 1.2 million to 1.4 million in September, WFP reported that the arrival of food aid from South Africa, expected by the end of August, will be critical to maintain the food pipeline until October 2008. Under Emergency Operations 217,548 beneficiaries will be targeted in the Rift Valley in the August cycle. Food continues to be provided to IDPs in camps and returnees on a monthly and bi-weekly basis respectively. Targeting remains a major challenge for the IDP areas due to ongoing movements as well as increases in unregistered IDPs – due to IDPs living in communities and new returnees to areas. Instances of double registration have also been noted due to continuous movement in and out of the camps, which poses a challenge to determining accurate numbers. The KRCS distributed food assistance to 52,536 beneficiaries from 23 food distribution points in Molo District in July; however, the August cycle only targeted 51,786 beneficiaries after a verification exercise revealed that there were double registrations and movement of IDPs out of Molo. The Department of Roads is planning to rehabilitate the roads in Molo to ease transport challenges. Distribution monitoring in Nakuru Showground and Lanet Police Station camps found an increase in the number of unregistered IDPs, both IDPs living in communities and returnees, resulting in the sharing of rations. The DC Nakuru observed that the urban returnees from Afraha Stadium IDP Camp have not received any food aid apart from the one month ration when they left the camp in July. KRCS and WFP are in discussion with the DC to use government food allocated to the district to target returnees in Nakuru Town. In Nyanza/Western Provinces, distribution began for 646 beneficiaries on 27 August in four camps. Health WHO estimated that IDPs living in IDP camps are at risk of the of leishmaniasis (kala-azar) outbreak in the Rift Valley province. High levels of malnutrition, lack of quality health services and low immunity make communities, especially children under five, more vulnerable to the disease. WHO is monitoring the outbreak and strengthening the early warning system and has prepositioned medical kits in the Rift Valley and North-Eastern provinces. UNICF also assessed

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leishmaniasis cases in Kiambogo, Naivasha district with the Provincial Medical Officer and other actors in health partners. Early Recovery The CRS is implementing peace building activities through the Catholic Dioceses of Eldoret, in Eldoret and Burnt Forest, Usain Gishu district. These activities are carried out by local community groups including the Amani Project and the Village Peace Committee. Through these groups CRS is encouraging community dialogue in support of peace and reconciliation. ! !

A Peace Caravan, organized by the Voluntary Youth Philanthropists, World Vision International and Peacenet, comprised of youth from different communities, will depart Nairobi on 6 September. The Peace Caravan's theme is healing and reconciliation, celebrating diversity through culture, creative art, and theatrical performances. It will also address other issues, including HIV/AIDS prevention and education, and how to create more opportunities for young people to grow and develop. The caravan will stop in the following areas: Murang’a, Mukurweini, Nyeri town, Nanyuki, Doldol, Isiolo, Losasia, Laisamis, Marsabit, Turbi, Moyale, Loiyangarani,and Maralal. ACF have launched livelihoods activities with DRC and CRS in Molo, which will include cash vouchers to target 1,728 families with USD250 per family. DRC started a Kiosk Project in Molo District. Two group-owned kiosks (in Kio and Karirikanya, Molo district) will be formed, comprised of six people each. The Kiosks will be run jointly by the group and the individuals will then finance the establishment of independent kiosks, through their savings. Once all members have established individual kiosks, the initial kiosk will be rented out and proceeds will support other vulnerable groups. In addition to supporting the livelihoods development of members, the kiosk project will facilitate the supply of goods to the areas in which they are developed and also stimulate local markets. WASH UNICEF received CERF funds to implement WASH activities. In areas of return in Eldoret, Nakuru, and Kisumu districts, 200 shallow wells were fitted with hand pumps, latrines and water supplies constructed for 10 schools, and hygiene promotion was carried out in schools and communities. A small number of cases of cholera were reported in Nyando, Homa Bay, and Kuria. UNICEF is supporting the District Public Health Officers by supplying water treatment chemicals, soap, latrine slabs, and water containers for distribution to affected areas and for hygiene promotion campaigns. A total of 20,000 jerrycans, 10,000 buckets, 900,000 aquatabs, 50,000 PUR sachets, and 25,000 bars of soap are pre-positioned for cholera emergency response. Who MoPH&S

Place and date Central Province

CRS

Eldoret

MoW

Eldoret

MoW, MoPH&S, & Action Aid Action Aid ACF & DRC MoW

Nakuru Nakuru Nakuru & Molo Molo

Activity/ Report Latrine construction and hygiene promotion in 30 schools supported by UNICEF Latrine construction, hygiene promotion, and extension of water supply schemes to 9 schools supported by UNICEF Testing water quality and cleaning wells in areas of return supported by UNICEF Testing water quality and cleaning wells in areas of return supported by UNICEF Hygiene promotion activities in schools supported by UNICEF Construction of latrines in IDP camps and areas of return Rehabilitation of two community water supply projects with support from UNICEF

For more information, please contact: Jeanine Cooper, Head of Office, OCHA-Kenya, +254 (20)7625155, [email protected]. Rania Dagash, Desk Officer, Africa I Section, OCHA-New York, +1 917 367 3668, [email protected]. Stephanie Bunker, Spokesperson and Public Information Officer, OCHA-New York, +1 917 367 5126, +1 917 892 1679 (mobile), [email protected]. Elisabeth Byrs, Public Information Officer, OCHA-Geneva, +41 22 917 2653, [email protected].

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