Kata Pengantar Ipa Terpadu.docx

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami panjatkan pada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan buku Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) untuk SMP dan MTs ini. Saat ini kita hidup dalam abad globalisasi dan teknologi informasi. Perubahan yang cepat dan dramatis dalam bidang ini merupakan fakta dalam kehidupan kita sehari- hari. Nah, bagaimanakah upayamu agar dapat berperan di era globalisasi dan teknologi ini? Salah satu yang harus kita miliki adalah kemampuan di bidang Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (Sains), karena IPA merupakan salah satu kunci dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan perubahan dan memasuki dunia teknologi, termasuk teknologi informasi. Modul ini juga dilengkapi dengan latihan soal untuk mereview pemahaman kalian tentang materi yang telah dipelajari. Semoga dapat memanfaatkan buku ini demi kemaslahatan dan kemajuan bersama serta memberikan sumbangan yang berarti bagi bangsa dan Negara.

Kupang, Maret 2019

Penyusun

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DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................................................................ ii Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................................................. iii Daftar Gambar......................................................................................................................................... iv

BAGIAN I PENDAHULUAN Pengantar ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Peta Konsep ................................................................................................................................................. 3

BAGIAN II PEMBAHASAN A. Apa itu Gerak ........................................................................................................................................ 4 B. Rangka dan Otot pada Manusia ........................................................................................................ 4 1. Rangka ................................................................................................................................................. 4 a. Tulang ............................................................................................................................................... 5 b. Sendi .............................................................................................................................................. 10 2. Otot ................................................................................................................................................... 12 C. Gangguan dan Kelainan pada Sistem Gerak................................................................................. 13 1. Gangguan dan Kelainan pada Tulang.......................................................................................... 13 2. Gangguan dan Kelaianan pada Otot .......................................................................................... 16 BAGIAN III PENUTUP Rangkuman ................................................................................................................................................. 19 Latihan Soal ..............................................................................................................................................20 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................................22

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Bangunan Kokoh ............................................................................................................... 1 Gambar 1.2 Pohon .................................................................................................................................. 1 Gambar 2.1 Rangka............................................................................................................................... 5 Gambar 2.2 Tulang rawan hialin, elastis, Fibrosa ....................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.3 Tulang keras dan tulang spons .................................................................................. 7 Gambar 2.4 Tulang Tengkorak ......................................................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.5 Tulang belakang ............................................................................................................. 8 Gambar 2.6 Tulang dada dan tulang rusuk ................................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.7 Tulang pinggul ................................................................................................................ 9 Gambar 2.8 Alat gerak bagian atas dan bagian bawah ........................................................... 10 Gambar 2.9 Sendi peluru, engsel, pelana, dan sendi putar ..................................................... 11 Gambar 2.10 Otot Polos, otot lurik dan otot jantung ............................................................. 12 Gambar 2.11 Ostepororsis ............................................................................................................... 13 Gambar 2,12 Mikrosefalus .............................................................................................................. 14 Gambar 2.13 Fraktura ..................................................................................................................... 14 Gambar 2,14 Artritis ........................................................................................................................ 14 Gambar 2.15 Lordosis, Kifosis, Skoliosis .................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.16 Kram.............................................................................................................................. 16 Gambar 2.17 Nyeri Otot .................................................................................................................. 16 Gambar 2.18 Polio ............................................................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.19 Miositis ........................................................................................................................ 17 Gambar 2.20 Kaki keseleo ............................................................................................................... 18

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