Kanchan

DISPERSIBLE TABLETS

CHEWABLE TABLETS

SUBLINGUAL TABLETS

INTRODUCTION TO SPECALISED TABLET  Most

tablets are intended to be swallowed, the active ingredient being absorbed from the gastro interstitial tract.  There are some types of tablets, which are intended for administration by other route are called specialized tablet.  The adsorption of this tablets is through mucosal lining of the mouth , either sublingually ( i.e. .from area beneath the tongue) , from area between the cheek and gum

INTRODUCTION TO DISPERSIBLETABLETS  This

tablets are added to water to make a solution containing a fixed concentration of active ingredient.  Most commonly used for preparation of antacid solution.  Because of toxic nature made in different shapes like diamond, triangle.  They are marketed with word poison.  Packed in bottle of distinctive shape with rough edges.  Difficulty of using this tablet is some components used are highly toxic , hazardous, lethal if swallowed orally.

EXAMPLE OF DISPERSIBLE TABET AMOXICILIN DISPERSIBLE TABLET Ingredients

SOLPRIN DISPERSIBLE TABLET

Quantity

Role of ingredient

Amoxicillin trihydrate

250 mg

Antibiotic

Dicalcium phosphate

250mg

Diluent

Sodium starch glycol ate

2.5%w\w

Super disintegrating agnt

Pvpk – 30

5%w\w

Disintegrant,binder adhesive

Magnesium stearate

0.5%w\w

Lubricant

Talc

1%w\w

Pharmaceutical ,lubricant

&

aid

INTRODUCTION TO CHEWABLE TABLET  Chewable

tablets are pleasant tasting tablets formulated to disintegrate in mouth smoothly with chewing.  This tablet have better bioavaibility .  Advantages of this tablets are , 1) the dose of antacid is to large, so that antacid tablet is large to swallow. 2) Activity of antacid is related to it’s partial size, if tablet chewed prior to swallowing better bioavability is produced.  Disadvantage is that bad taste drug present in large concentration with

EXAMPLE OF CHEWABLE TABLET 

Ingredient

PEDIATRIC COUGH AND COLD CHEWABLE TABLET Quantity per tablet

Role ingredients

Chlorpheniramine maleate

1 mg

Antihistaminic

Pseudophedrine Hcl

15 mg

Decongestant

Dextromethorphan

5 mg

Cough suppressants

DERAMAX CHEWABLE TABLET

of

INRODUCTION TO SUBLINGUAL TABLET Sublingual tablets are small, flat and are intended to be placed in beneath the tounge.  Drug administered by this route produce systemic drug effect.  Rapid onset of action. Advantages:  First pass : Liver is bypassed thus no loss of drug.  Rapid absorption  Drug stability : PH in mouth is neutral thus drug may be more stable. Disadvantages:  Holding of dose in mouth is inconvenient.  Small dose only easily accomplished. 

A) INTRODUCTION TO MOLDED SUBLINGUAL TABLET  This

tablets are introduced by Fuller in 1878.  This tablets are placed beneath the toungeand held there until absorption is completed.  Molded tablets are referred as tablet triturate.  Molded tablets are design to dissolve in small amount of water to make aqueous solution which can be administered may parentally are known as hypodermic tablets.

EXAMPLE OF MOLDED SUBLINGUAL TABLET CODEINE PHOSPHATE TABLETS (30 mg)

Ingredients

Codeine phosphate powder Lactose (bolted) Sucrose (powder) Alcohol-Water (60:40)

Quantity per tablet 30.0 mg 17.5 mg 1.5 mg q.s

B) INTRODUCTION TO COMPRESSED SUBLINGUAL TABLET 

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Compressed sublingual tablets are prepared to dissolve rapidally in saliva and available for absorption. Erytrityl tetra nitrate , is so bromide dinitrate iso roterenol hydrochloride are marketed as compressed sublingual tablets. This tablets have less weight variation and better content uniformity. The requirement for uniformity of dosage unit is meet if each of 10 tablets listed lies in range of 85 to 115 %. This tablets are harder and less fragile thus avoiding weight and potency loss that occur by the erosions of molded target edges.

EXAMPLE OF COMPRESSED SUBLINGUAL TABLET Sr. No

Ingredients

Quantity Given

1

Nitroglycerin

3mg

2

Mannitol

2mg

3

Microcrystalline cellulose

100mg

4

Lactose

495mg

5

Sodium saccharine 0.01%

6

Rose oil

7

Amaranth solution

0.01% 0.01%

RAW MATERIALS USED FOR MANUFACTURING OF TABLET  Diluents  Binder

and adhesive  Disintegrating agents  Lubricants  Granulating agents  Antiadherants  Colors ,flavor and sweetening agent Important raw material for dispersible tablet:  superdisintegrant

RAW MATERIALS USED (CONT)  Important

raw materials used for chewable tablets are:  Flavoring agents  Coloring agents  FD & C colors  D & C colors  External D & C colors  Dyes  Excipients : Mannitol, Sorbitol, Xylitol, Aspartame, Cyclamate, and Saccharin.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING  METHOD

OF GRANULATION: 1) Dry granulation

 

Direct compression Compression granulation 2) WET GRANULATION :

SINGLE PUNCH TABLET MACHINE 

Cycle of the machine.



Upper punch rises to allow hopper shoe to move over die. Lower punch drops and granule feed from shoe. The shoe moves aside and upper punch drops and compress granule . The upper punch rises upward and the lower punch rise upto surface to eject the tablet. The hopper shoe again move forward over the die and pushes the compressed tablet. The lower punch is dropped.

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METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OF MOLDED SUBLINGUAL TABLET

 HAND

MOLDING.

 MACHINE

MOLDING.

HAND MOLDING OF TABLET  

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



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Powder mixture is blended. Mold plate is placed on tileand mass is forced into tablet mold with pressure this is done with spatula. To remove tablet mold plate placed on top of plate which has projecting pegs that coinside with holes. By pressing mold platedown tablet are forced out of the dies on the top of pegs. There are two longer guide pins which coinside with holes in mold plate, so that no damage to tablet. The tablets are removed and allow to dry in oven.

MACHINE MOLDING OF TABLET • •

• • •

•

• •

The damped mass is placed in hopper (A). Mass is allowed to drop into circular section of rotating circular feed plate(B). Feed plate is placed above mold (C) Mold plate contain 4 sets of dies The mass in feed plate moves over 1 set of dies in which foot of packing spinner (D) forces the tablet mass. Mold plate moves to 2nd position, & surface of tablet is smoothed by foot of smoothing spineer (E). Excess powder is removed by rack off (F) Tablets are ejected on conveyer belt (G) by the ejection punches

EVALUATION OF TABLETS QUALITY EVALUATION OF TABLET: 2) In process quality control: 3) Terminal quality control test: d) General appearance e) Weight variation 3) Hardness 7) Friability 8) Uniformity of weight 9) Unoformity of content 

EVALUATION OF TABLETS (cont) 7)Disintegration 8) Dissolution 9)Stability testing.

MANUFACTURINF DEFECTS FOUND IN TABLET 1)

Capping

3)

Picking and Sticking

5)

Mottling

7)

Weight variation

MANUFACTURINF DEFECTS FOUND IN TABLET (cont) 5) Hardness variation 6)Double impression 7)Poor flow

OTHER MAHINES USED FOR TABLETTING

REFERENCES 

          

Herbert A. Liebermann , Leon lachman , Pharmaceutical dosage form tablet volume 1, 2nd edition page no. 367 Herbert A. Liebermann , Leon lachman , Pharmaceutical dosage, form tablet volume 1 , 2nd edition , page no . 329 . Herbert A. Liebermann , Leon lachman , Pharmaceutical dosage , form tablet volume 1, page no . 367,390 Herbert A. Liebermann , Leon lachman , Pharmaceutical dosage form,tablet volume 1 , page no . 354,335-339 R.M.Mehta , pharmaceutics , volume 1 , 3rd edition by vallabh prakashion , page no. 238 D.P.S. Kohli and D.H.Shah , drug formulation manual , 3rd edition by eastern publishers , page no.13, 24 Leon lachman , Joseph .l. kanig, theory & practice of industrial pharmacy, 3rd edition by Varghese publishing , page no. 293 Encyclopedia volume 2 Web links : www.\ http. Wikipedia . com. http\ images . com