Kanakapura Lpa Final Report.pdf
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- Words: 83,517
- Pages: 316
Government of Karnataka
Master Plan 2031 Kanakapura Local Planning Area
Final Master Plan Report and Zoning Regulations
Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority No 1, Ali Askar Road, Bangalore-560052
CONTENTS Topic
Pg No
List of Figures List of Tables List of Maps PREFACE
A
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
G
Salient Features of Kanakapura LPA PART 1 1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 BACKGROUND
1
1.2 REGIONAL SETTING
2
1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
3
1.4 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
10
1.5 INTRODUCTION TO LPA
16
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
20
2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND ECONOMIC BASE
21
2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTER
21
2.2 ECONOMIC BASE
31
2.3 HERITAGE AND TOURISM
51
3. HOUSING AND URBAN POOR
58
3.1 HOUSING
58
3.2 HOUSING SHORTAGE / DEMAND
67
3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS
67
4. EXISTING LANDUSE AND TRANSPORTATION
70
4.1 EXISTING LAND UTILISATION
70
4.2 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
77
5. INFRASTRUCTURE
89
5.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
89
5.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
107
6. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
117
6.1 POLLUTION: GENERATION AND CONSEQUENCES
117
6.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
117
6.3 DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES
118
7. PROBLEMS
119
8. VISUALISING THE FUTURE
121
8.1 INTERIM MASTER PLAN PROJECTIONS- 2021
121
8.2 POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN KANAKAPURA LPA
122
8.3 FACTORS AIDING POPULATION GROWTH
124
8.4. POPULATION PROJECTION
125
8.5 AREA REQUIREMENT
130
8.6 POPULATION DENSITY 2031
131
8.7 HOUSING REQUIREMENT
132
8.8 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
133
8.9 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
134
8.10 PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
137
8.11 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS
137
8.12 VISION 2031
137
9. MASTER PLAN PROPOSALS
138
9.1 COMPONENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN
138
9.2 MASTER PLAN OBJECTIVES
139
9.3 DENSITY
139
9.4 STRATEGY FOR OBTAINING LAND FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES
140
9.5 BASIC CONSIDERATION FOR PROPOSAL
140
9.6 PROPOSALS
141
9.6.1 PROPOSED LANDUSE PLAN 2031
141
9.6.2 PROPOSED TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 2031
146
9.6.3 ROAD WIDENING AND BUILDING LINES
150
9.6.4 REVISED STRUCTURE PLAN 2031 POLICIES AND PROPOSALS
151
9.6.5
159
SECTORAL PROPOSALS
9A. PROPOSED LAND USE ANALYSIS PROVISIONAL TO FINAL APPROVAL
FROM
MP
10. ENFORCEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION
176
182
10.1 ACTIONS
182
10.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
184
10.3 FISCAL PLAN FOR 2031
185 PART II
1. ZONING REGULATIONS 1.1 INTRODUCTION
186 186
1.1. 1 Establishment of Zones and Zonal Maps
187
1.1.2
187
Zonal boundaries and interpretations of Zonal Regulations.
1.1.3 Definitions 1.2 ZONING OF LAND USE 1.2.1 RESIDENTIAL ZONE
188 199 200
1.2.2 COMMERCIAL ZONE
201
1.2.3 INDUSTRIAL ZONE
202
1.2.4 PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC USES
209
1.2.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES
210
1.2.6 PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS AND OPEN SPACES
211
1.2.7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
211
1.2.8 AGRICULTURAL ZONE
213
1.2.9 AREAS OF SPECIAL CONTROL
214
1.3 ZONING REGULATIONS: REGULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT USES OF BUILDINGS
217
1.3.1 Regulations for Group Housing Project
218
1.3.2 Regulations for Semidetached Houses
220
1.3.3 Row housing
221
1.3.4 Flatted factories
222
1.3.5 Industrial buildings
222
1.3.6 Regulations for IT and BT related Activities
223
1.3.7 Parking Regulations
224
1.3.8 Corridor
227
1.3.9 Restrictions of Building Activity in Vicinity of Certain Areas
227
1.3.10 Distance of Building from Electrical Lines
228
1.3.11 Solar Water Heater Requirements
229
1.3.12 Rain Water Harvesting
229
1.3.13 Facilities for Physically Handicapped Persons
231
1.3.14 Security Deposit
233
1.3.15 General Rules
234
1.4. SUB-DIVISION REGULATIONS
242
1.4.1 Norms for Approval of Sub-division of plot or Layout Plan
243
1.4.2 Standard of Roads
249
1.4.3 Standards for Civic Amenities, Parks & Play Grounds
250
1.4.4 Building Line
251
ANNEXURES
i
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No
Title
Pg No
1.1
Kanakapura LPA in the context of BMR
2
1.2
Annual Direction of the Wind 1980-1997
6
1.3
Average annual rainfall 2000 - 2010
7
1.4
Monthly mean and mean maximum temperature in the LPA
8
1.5
Monthly mean relative humidity in Kanakapura LPA
9
2.1
Population in Kanakapura Town
23
2.2
Population in Kanakapura LPA
24
2.3
Population growth rate in Kanakapura LPA
25
2.4
Comparison of population growth
25
2.5
Population density in Kanakapura LPA
26
2.6
Urban rural population distribution in the LPA
27
2.7
Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk
29
2.8
Workforce distribution in the Kanakapura LPA
32
2.9
Gender wise distribution of workers
32
2.10
Gender wise distribution of workers in each category
33
2.11
Distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC
33
2.12
Gender wise distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC
34
2.13
Gender wise distribution of workforce in each category
34
2.14
Workforce distribution in rural areas of Kanakapura LPA
35
2.15
Workforce distribution in Economic Activities in Kanakapura Taluk
35
2.16
Gender wise Workforce distribution Kanakapura Taluk
36
2.17
Worker distribution in Economic Activities: Kanakapura TMC
36
2.18
Land utilization in Kanakapura Taluk
37
2.19
Agricultural Land holdings in Kanakapura Taluk
37
2.20
Distribution of small scale industries in Kanakapura LPA
42
2.21
Completed works under MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk
47
2.22
Works in progress MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk
47
2.23
Financial Institutions in the LPA
48
3.1
Distribution of Household size in Ramanagara district
59
3.2
Distribution of households by habitable room
60
3.3
Distribution of households by flooring material
60
3.4
Distribution of households by wall material
61
3.5
Distribution of households by roofing material
61
3.6
Distribution of households by availability of facilities
62
4.1
Land ownership in the LPA
76
4.2
Vehicles in Kanakapura Taluk
86
5.1
Distribution of households by availability of drinking water source
90
5.2
Distribution of households by location of drinking water source
90
5.3
Domestic Water Supply Gap in Kanakapura LPA
92
5.4
Availability of sanitation facilities in Ramanagara district
98
5.5
Availability of toilet and bathroom facility in Kanakapura Taluk
99
5.6
Electricity consumption in Kanakapura Taluk (in lakh units)
106
5.7
Management wise distribution of schools
108
5.8
Infrastructure facilities in schools in Ramanagara district
108
5.9
Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk
109
5.10
Literacy rate in Ramanagara district
110
5.11
Comparison of Literacy rate in Ramanagara and Bangalore district
110
5.12
Enrolment rate in primary and secondary classes in Bangalore rural district
111
5.13
Distribution of school children in age group 6-14
111
5.14
No of hosital bed per 1000 population
114
6.1
Disaster management continuum
118
8.1
Population growth in the LPA till 2011
122
8.2
Population growth in Kanakpura TMC
123
8.3
Projected urban population in Kanakpura LPA
130
8.4
Water Supply gap in Kanakapura LPA
133
LIST OF TABLES Table No
Title
Pg No
1.1
Physiography and soil types
5
1.2
Mean temperature and wind speed in the LPA
8
1.3
List of villages and population in the Kanakapura LPA
17
1.4
TMC data in the LPA
20
2.1
Population Statistics In Karnataka
22
2.2
Comparitive table of Sex Ratio
28
2.3
Comparative list of 0-6 years population
28
2.4
HDI composition
30
2.5
Principal crops in Kanakapura Taluk
38
2.6
Production of major crops in Kanakapura Taluk
38
2.7
Sericulture statistics of Kanakapura Taluk
39
2.8
Sericulture programs in Kanakapura Taluk
39
2.9
Mulberry and Sericulture Infrastructure in Kanakapura Taluk
40
2.10
Artisan Base in the LPA
42
2.11
Commercial activities in Kanakapura Town
44
2.12
Details of PMRY Scheme
45
2.13
No of people benefitted by Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna
46
2.14
No of people benefitted by MGNREGS
46
2.15
List of tourism spots in Harohalli
51
2.16
List of tourism spots in Sathanur
53
2.17
List of tourism spots in Kasaba
54
2.18
List of tourism spots in Uttarahalli
56
3.1
Existing area under residential land use in major settlements in the Kanakapura LPA
59
3.2
Organizational setup in the housing sector
63
3.3
Housing sites allotted under Ashraya Scheme in 2010-11
64
3.4
Houses constructed under Ashraya Scheme in 2010-11
64
3.5
Houses constructed under IAY in 2010-2011
65
3.6
Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010-2011
65
3.7
Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010-2011
66
3.8
Features of IHSDP
66
3.9
houses Constructed under IHSDP
66
3.10
Declared slums in Kanakapura TMC
68
4.1
Existing land utilization in the LPA, 2012
70
4.1 A
Existing land use in the LPA, 2012
70
4.2
Existing Land use distribution in Kanakapura Town
71
4.3
Existing Land use distribution in Harohalli
73
4.4
Existing Land use pattern Sathanur
74
4.5
Existing Land use distribution in Kaggalipura
75
4.6
Road category in Kanakapura Taluk
80
4.7
Road inventory, Kaggalipura town
80
4.8
Road inventory, Harohalli town
81
4.9
Road inventory, Kanakapura town
82
4.10
Road inventory, Sathanur town
83
4.11
Vehicle distribution in Kanakapura Taluk
85
5.1
Water supply source for Kanakapura TMC
91
5.2
Water Supply standards CPHEEO
91
5.3
Present Domestic water requirement in Kanakapura LPA
92
5.4
Details of existing storage reservoirs
93
5.5
Municipal water supply source in Kanakapura Town
94
5.6
Sewage generation in the LPA, 2011
98
5.7
Solid Waste generation in the LPA
103
5.8
Municipal Solid waste management data
103
5.9
Tools and Equipment procurement under SWM Action Plan
104
5.10
Distribution of Educational facilities in Kanakapura Taluk
107
5.11
Health care facilities in Kanakapura Taluk
113
5.12
List of healthcare programs in Kanakapura Taluk
116
8.1
IMP land use analysis- Kaggalipura and Harohalli-2021
121
8.2
IMP land use analysis- Kanakpura and Sathanur- 2021
121
8.3
Population growth rate in Kanakpura LPA
122
8.4
Population growth rate in Kanakpura TMC
123
8.5
Natural growth of population calculated through various statistical methods
125
8.6
Population projection of the villages of LPA
125
8.7
Projected population in Kanakpura LPA 2031
129
8.8
Distribution of population in the four growth nodes
129
8.9
Population in Kanakapura LPA 2021, 2031
130
8.10
Conurbation area statistics- 2031
131
8.11
Distribution of population and area in the four growth nodes
131
8.12
Residential Area requirement for the LPA
132
8.13
Residential Area requirement for the LPA for the Conurbations
132
8.14
Landfill Area Requirement in the LPA
133
8.15
Educational facility Requirement in the LPA
134
8.16
Medical facility Requirement in the LPA
135
9.1
Density in the Growth Nodes of Kanakapura LPA
139
9.2
Kanakapura proposed landuse statistics-2031
141
9.3
Harohalli Proposed land use statistics-2031
142
9.4
Kaggalipura proposed landuse statistics
143
9.5
Sathanur proposed landuse statistics
144
Conurbation area statistics-2031 Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (Four Conurbations) Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (including the four conurbations and developed area between Kaggalipura – Harohalli)
144
Landuse statistics of the agricultural zone
146
9.7
Road Inventory of Kanakapura LPA.
149
9.8
Road Inventory of BMR proposed roads
150
9.9
Inventory of Roads proposed to be widened in the Master plan 2031
150
9.10
Building Line proposed for major roads
150
9.11
Structure Plan proposals – land Utilization and Environment
151
9.12
Structure Plan proposals – Economy
153
9.13
Structure Plan proposals – Transport
154
9.14
Structure Plan proposals – Housing
155
9.15
Structure Plan proposals – Water Supply
156
9.16
Structure Plan proposals – Sanitation
156
9.17
Structure Plan proposals – Power
157
9.18
Structure Plan proposals – telecom
158
9.19
Structure Plan proposals – Soild Waste Management
158
9.20
Structure Plan proposals – Education
158
9.21
Structure Plan proposals – health
159
10.1
Financial Proposal
185
9.6A 9.6B 9.6C 9.6D
145 145
LIST OF MAPS Sl.No
Title
Map No.
Drawing 1
Location
1
2
Administrative boundary
2
Study Maps 3
Regional Setting
3
4
Climatological Studies
4
5
Forest, Drainage & Water bodies
5
6
Ground Water Potentional
6
7
Soil Classification
7
8
Demographic Studies
8
9
Civic Amenities And Facilities - local Plannig Area
9
10
Civic Amenities And Facilities - Settlement Wise
10
11
Problem Map
11
Existing Land Use 12
Existing Land Utilisation - local Planning Area
12
13
Kaggalipura Existing Land Use
13
14
Harohalli Existing Land Use
14
15
Kanakapura Town Existing Land Use
15
16
Sathanur Existing Land Use
16
Existing Landuse Maps 1 to 26 Grids
17 to 42
17
Proposed Land Use Maps
18
Proposed Land Utilisation - local Planning Area
43
19
Kaggalipura Proposed Land Use
44
20
Harohalli Proposed Land Use
45
21
Kanakapura Proposed Land Use
46
22
Sathanur Proposed Land Use
47
23
Proposed Landuse Maps 1 to 26 Grids
48 to 73
Circulation Pattern Maps 24
Kaggalipura Circulation Pattern
74
25
Harohalli Circulation Pattern
75
26
Harohalli Circulation Pattern (PartA)
75 A
27
Harohalli Circulation Pattern (Part B)
75 B
28
Kanakapura Circulation Pattern
29
Kanakapura Circulation Pattern (Part A)
76 A
30
Kanakapura Circulation Pattern (Part B)
76 B
31
Sathanur Circulation Pattern
76
77
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
PREFACE Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority prepared the Structure Plan (SP) for Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMR) with an inductive approach with the prime objective of decentralising growth away from Bangalore to harness and constrain its increasing primacy in the region, lessen the regional disparities and in the process relieve the developmental pressure within the conurbation. The strategic issues considered to be key determinants to future growth patterns were studies and summed up as follows: How effectively the strategic intervention combinations would compliment the achievement of the induced population growth targets and developmental interventions of the preferred growth strategy. How effectively they would counter anomalies and negative development trends identified in the BMR. The structure plan was intended to provide a generic model for formulation of such plans for other regions in Karnataka besides providing a strategic policy framework for planning & development control locally to ensure that provision of development is realistic and complements with national state & regional policy guidance and securing consistency between local plans for contiguous or neighbouring areas. Structure Plan has proposed five Area Planning Zones and Interstitial zones in the entire Bangalore Metropolitan Region. For the purpose of planning and development of important and potential zones, Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 has been extended to various Area Planning Zones and Planning Authorities have been constituted for controlling and regulating the developments in these Local Planning Areas. With the increase of Bangalore’s population and spatial spread in the last 2 decades owing to its increasing global recognition as a preferred IT destination.
Page |A
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
With increasing outgrowth of Bangalore and the proposed population influx into the Kanakapura Local Planning Area, BMRDA has rightly taken the preparation of Interim Master Plan to dovetail the regional policies of development the local requirements of the ever-increasing population and as a result guide & regulate urban growth for a planned & compatiable physical development of the region. The preparation of Interim Master Plan started during 2006 and the govt. have approved the five IMP’s provisionally in 2007 and finally approved them during 2009. A Master Plan (MP) is defined as “A plan for the development and re-development of the area within the jurisdiction of the planning authority”. The Master Plan has to be prepared not later than 2 years from the declaration of the LPA as per Sec 9 of The KT & CP Act. According to the Act the contents of a Master Plan are defined as follows. Zoning of land use Street pattern i.e. Circulation pattern Area reservation for Parks/Playgrounds/Open Spaces Area reservation for future developments Reservation of land for the purposes of Central Govt., State Govt etc. Declaring and framing regulations for areas of special control Phasing of development BMRDA prepared scientific base maps for the Local Planning Area by acquiring Quick Bird data based on 2009 data as there were no proper base maps. The Planning Authorities incorporated all approved lay outs and were finalised during 2012. Government constituted a committee vides its G.O. dated 28-11-2012 under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Commissioner to finalise the Master Plans for five Local Planning Areas and along with some guidelines. The following were the members of the committee.
Page |B
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
1. Metropolitan Commissioner
Chairman
2. Commissioner, DULT, Govt. of Karnataka
Member
3. Director of Town Planning,
Member
4. Additional Director of Town Planning, BMRDA
Member
5. Joint Secretary / Dy. Secretary, UD
Member
6. Shri Sitaram, Cistup, IISc., Bangalore
Member
7. Member-Secretaries of concerned P.A.
Member
Meanwhile there was a petition in High court of Karnataka for delayed preparation of Master Plans for BMRDA submitted an affidavit saying that the plans would be finalised by June 2012 and subsequently another affidavit that it would be finalised on 31-1-2013. But, we could not finalise the plans within date and immediately the committee met on 24-1-2013 and reviewed the progress made in the preparation of Master Plans. During the discussion it was also observed that notification under section 10/1 of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 was not declared so far and it would be further delayed if we notify it now (2 months) and therefore, it was decided that If BMRDA is to prepare the Master Plans, then the notification under section 10/1 is not required. However, it was opined that in one case law the govt. has to delegate/empower the preparation of Master Plans under section 9/2 of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. Accordingly, BMRDA requested the govt. and govt. have empowered the preparation of Master Plans for five Local Planning Areas to BMRDA under section 9/2 Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 on 4-3-2013. The committee formulated broad guidelines’ for the preparation of Master Plans and directed the Authorities to work out the proposals based on: 1. Existing developments 2. Approved IMP 3. Change of land uses approved by the govt. and P.A. under section 14-A (3)
Page |C
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
4. Major road alignment (STRR/IRR/ITRR) was incorporated as per the Karnataka Gazette notification dated: 13-09-2007. 5. Concept of zoning and scientific allocation of land uses. 6. All the directions of government. 7. Identification of water bodies and natural drains and their protection 8. Structure Plan directives Based on the above guidelines BMRDA with full support of all Planning Authorities, Cistup (IISc) and DULT finalised the Master Plan and it was unanimously approved in the committee constituted under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Commissioner for the finalisation of Master Plans. Now, BMRDA is submitting the Master Plan for Kanakapura Local Planning Area with plans & reports for provisional approval as required under section 13 (1) of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. Govt. has approved the Draft master Plan vide no UDD153BMR2013 Bangalore, dated 16.09.2013. Public objections and suggestion has been called as per section 13(1) KTCP Act for a period of 60 days from 9.10.2013 to 7.12.2013. The Authority has received 373 objections/ suggestions from the public institutions and Govt. agencies. Govt. has constituted an official scrutiny committee headed by the Commissioner BMRDA vide no UDD 27 BMR 2014 Bangalore dated 5.3.2014. The details of the committee are as below.
1
Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA
Chairman
2
Additional Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA
Member
3
Director, Department of Town and Country Planning
Member
4
Deputy Secretary/Joint Secretary/Additional Secretary, Urban Development Department
Member
Page |D
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
5
Preface
Additional Director of Town and Country Planning, Urban
Member
Planning Department
6
Representative of Karnataka Housing Board
Member
7
Representative of Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board
Member
8
Deputy Secretary to Government, Law, Legal and Human Rights
Member
Department
9
Joint Director of Town and Country Planning, BMRDA
10
Member Secretary, Kanakapura Planning Authority
Member Member Convinor
The committee has held 4 meetings to hear the objections and suggestions after considering suitable suggestions and recommendations some modifications have been proposed. Based on the committee decision necessary changes have been incorporated in the Master Plan 2031. And master plan has prepared for Kanakapura LPA, maps and report for final approval as required under section 13(1) of the KTCP Act, 1961. We take this opportunity to thanks to Sri. D.K. Shivakumar Honorable minister for energy Government of Karnataka and Sri. D.K. Suresh Honorable member of Parliament and Sri. M.D. Vijaydev chairmen, members of Kanakapura Planning Authority who have given there valuable suggestions for preparation final master plan and staff of planning authority. We take this opportunity to thank each member of the committee, stakeholders and everyone who have diligently assisted, reviewed and supported in the completion of Kanakapura Master Plan 2031.
(Shashikumar L) Member Convenor & Member-secretary Kanakapura Planning Authority Kanakapura
(S. B. Honnur) Additional Director Town and Country Planning BMRDA
(K. R. Srinivas I.A.S ) Metropolitan Commissioner BMRDA
Page |E
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kanakapura Local Planning Area was declared by the BMRDA in 2006. It is located in the southwest part of the Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMR). The total extent of the LPA is 412.78 sqkm and consists of 86 settlements consisting of 85 villages and Kanakapura TMC. The LPA is well connected by the NH-206, connecting Bangalore with Mysore via Kanakapura LPA. The Interim Master Plan of the LPA was commissioned in 2007. It was provisionally approved in April 2007 and finally approved by the BMRDA in May 2009. The process of Master Plan preparation started with the preparation of the Basemap and Existing Landuse Map which were prepared by Pixel using 0.6 m resolution Quickbird satellite Image. The maps were scrutinised by the KSRAC and submitted to the BMRDA in 2012. The Master Plan of Kanakapura was prepared with to promote the LPA’s role as a counter magnet to Bangalore. The Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor passes in close proximity to the LPA on the north-east which increases its development potential. There are four important growth nodes in the LPA – Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura and Sathanur. Likewise all Master plan Proposals have made as per the four conurbations – Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura and Sathanur. Kaggalipura is located along the NH 206 and is closest to Bangalore. There is rapid urbanization in the area with the construction of residential apartments. International schools and spiritual institutions have come up in the area. Harohalli is characterized by the KIADB industrial estate which has few industries at present. Kanakapura is the Taluk headquarter of the Kanakapura Taluk and is also a Town Municipal Council as per Census. The area is mainly residential with few institutional buildings to cater to the civic needs. Sathanur is the southern-most settlement in the LPA. It consists of residential areas as few commercial and institutional setups. A township of 65 sqkm has been proposed at Sathanur by the BMRDA – to form a hub of agro processing industries with work-homeplay concept. The township would further increase the development potential of the LPA.
Page |G
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Executive Summary
The river Arkavathi flows through the LPA and is the only perennial source of water. Depletion of ground water is a major concern of development.
The Master Plan 2031 has been prepared to uphold the potential of the areas. There have been some changes in landuse in the LPA under KTCP Act. All changes and approved layouts have been retained in the Master Plan proposal. Guidelines and standards have been followed and additional landuse has been assigned scientifically.
The concept of ‘phasing of development’ has been introduced as required under section 12 (g) of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1861 to bring about gradual and compact development in the Local Planning Area. The primary objective of act is to guide and regulate the developments within the Local Planning Area in a phased manner so as to facilitate planning for the provision of infrastructure services like water supply, sanitation, drainage, transport and social infrastructure.
Page |H
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Salient Features of Kanakapura
SALIENT FEATURES OF KANAKAPURA LPA 1
Total Area of LPA
412.78 sqkm
2
LPA notification date
3
Total no of villages in LPA
4
Total no of urban areas in LPA
1
5
Total no of settlements in LPA
86
6
District
7
Urban areas in the LPA
8
Major growth nodes
9
Initiation of IMP preparation
June 2006
10
Date of IMP provisional approval
April 2007
11
Date of IMP final approval
May 2009
12
Total existing developed area, 2012
13
Existing population 2011
14
Existing gross density
15
Total urbanisable area proposed in IMP 2021
16
Projected population as per IMP 2021
8 lakhs
17
Proposed density as per IMP
80 pph
18
Total urbanisable area proposed in MP 2031
19
Projected urban population as per MP 2031
6 lakhs
20
Proposed urban density as per MP 2031
53 pph
2006 85
Ramanagara Kanakapura TMC Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura & Sathanur
25.65 sqkm 1.80 lakhs 70 pph 101.66 sqkm
112.33 sqkm
PART I MASTER PLAN REPORT
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Karnataka is one of the fastest growing states in India. It is the 9 th largest state in India in terms of population with a decadal growth rate of 15.67%1. 38.57% of the state is urbanised with a growth rate of 31.27%. The BMR has an area of 8005 sq km and a population of 10.57 lakhs as per census 2011. The decadal population growth rate in the BMR is 25.68%. Needless to say, this fast growth calls for a strategic planning to sustain the additional pressure on services and maintain the quality of life. The BMR at present faces the challenges of a rapidly urbanising region on the verge of becoming an international metropolis. While the strategic location, economic potential and an efficient workforce of the area provides impetus to the process of globalization, lack of perennial water availability, rising pressure on infrastructure in core are inevitable constraints in the process of the same. Hence a policy of decentralisation advocates spatial distribution of population from the core to the outer less congested areas. Planning in India, traditionally had been largely socio-economic, restricted to a few urban centres. The three tier planning system was often overridden by state agenda. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, implemented in the year 1992, provide a spatial framework for integration between all levels of planning. Known as the decentralisation agenda, the aim was to facilitate a gradual shift in power to the grass root levels. As a part of the functional devolution, the local bodies (LB) are now expected to perform urban planning including town planning, regulation of land use and construction of buildings, planning for economic and social development, planning for the poor in the society, slum improvement and up gradation and urban poverty alleviation. The Master Plan for Kanakapura Local Planning Area has been prepared in the context of the BMR to redefine its role for the future within the overall framework of Structure Plan 2031.
1
Census 2011
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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1.2 REGIONAL SETTING The BMR is disaggregated into six local planning areas and the Bangalore Metropolitan area which more or less coincides with the limits of the BBMP. In order to provide sectoral and spatial synergy a Structure Plan had been formulated for the BMR which is more or less a regional perspective plan. The Structural Plan provides a framework for the master plan of the Kanakapura LPA.
The Structure Plan (SP) 2011 had an inductive approach to planning since it was governed by the decentralisation policy in the BMR. Hence, the SP 2011 proposed a targeted induced population distribution of over 7.4 lakhs in the south Karnataka Region, of which 4.9 lakhs were to be accommodated in the BMR. The Interim Master Plan (IMP) prepared for the Kanakapura LPA for the plan period 2021 envisaged a population of 11.22 lakhs in the LPA by the year 2021 also prepared by an inductive approach.
The vision and the growth directions stated in the SP 2011 had not been able to live up to the pace of growth in the BMR. Hence a Revised Structure Plan (RSP) has been prepared for the region for the year 2031, to provide strategic policy framework for planning, ensure sectoral development and coordination and securing consistency between the various local plans.
The Kanakapura LPA (K-LPA) Master Plan 2031 articulates a multi-year vision and plan for the LPA‟s growth and development, driven by institutions that reflect the citizen‟s values. The master plan provides contours of a shared vision and identification of key issues facing the LPA in the short, medium and long term.
It
identifies
the
development
patterns,
KANAKAPURA
infrastructure gaps and deficiencies, project and reform priorities in the LPA in tandem with the sectoral visions of the draft Revised Structure Plan 2031.
Fig 1.1: Kanakapura LPA in the context of BMR
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
LAND
Land being a limited and fixed resource, there is competing demand on agriculture and allied activities, non-agriculture sectors like industries, communication systems, buildings, and power projects, new townships, mining and so on.
Demand for land from both agriculture and non-agricultural sectors are exerting a great pressure on land resources. The demand for firewood, timber and fodder for livestock has resulted in excessive pressure on forest and pasture lands which has progressively affected the grass and tree cover resulting in accelerated forest and greenery (pasture) degradation leading to ecological imbalance and environmental problems.
Pasture lands have to be provided to facilitate grazing of animals and also fodder augmentation in community/government lands. In the LPA the pasture land appears to be significant contributor to live stock. In the LPA special efforts have to be made to develop pasture lands to encourage animal husbandry.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
The elevation falls from 833 m to 620 m from north of the LPA to the south up to Arkavathy valley and increases in elevation generally towards the south-west. Terrain shows undulating topography with varying elevation between 833 meters to 620 meters above MSL. The lowest elevation being 620 m is found around Kanakapura town in the valley portion. The slopes vary from 20-150 metres/kilometre.
The Kanakapura LPA lies in the Cauvery basin. The main tributary of Cauvery, river Arkavathy, flows in the LPA. LPA is covered by the sub basin of Arkavathy and drains southwards. The drainage density and stream frequency are moderate to high (hilly zone, in northern, eastern and western part) and medium to low in central part. Drainage map shows the drainage network is integrated with surface water body within the LPA. The drainage pattern is dendratic and parallel. It encourages for infiltration than runoff, as the stream frequency and density are medium to low and have good constant channel maintenance. These drainages are controlled by structures and lithology. Page |3
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Kanakapura LPA lies predominantly in Pedi plain geomorphic unit. Small patches of Structural and Denudational hills are also traced in north eastern and southern part. The figure shows geomorphic pattern within the LPA. This map clearly indicates that, infiltration zones are larger in area than runoff and are suitable for ground water recharge. The potentiality will also be moderate to good.
Apart from the structural valleys, supported by the surface water bodies as showing better prospects for ground water developments.Ground water potential clearly shows that the ground water prospects in the valley portion is good and in majority area of the LPA, it is moderate. This can be converted as good potential zone by adopting artificial recharge techniques.
GEOLOGY AND SOILS
The area is underlain with grey and pink granites and granite gneisses and intruded by dolomatic pegmatite and quartz veins. The map shows the general lithological units in and around Kanakapura LPA. The inclusions of dolorate and amphibolite dykes are also traced. The general trend of the peninsular genesis is North West – South East to North East – South West. These show a steep dip of about 70 to 80 degrees due South East. According to the Earthquake Map of Karnataka, the LPA belongs to very low damage risk zone and is in stable belt.
Major portion of the LPA consists of red loamy sandy soils, which is moderately porous and medium permeability. The patches of loamy, loamy clayey, sandy type of soils are noticed within the LPA. The clayey and loamy types of soils are more in area extent in southern part than in the rest of the LPA. Uplands show these types of soils. The map shows the soil types in and around the LPA.
The soils are favourable zones for ground water recharge. As permeability and porosity for the soils are medium, the infiltration rates will be medium to high. Since, the characteristics are almost uniform across the LPA; it is advisable to avoid the water polluting industries in the entire LPA to avoid contamination of water. There is a need for striking a balance between the competing claims of different sectors. It is imperative to think of a systematic and scientific long range plan to harness the land resources not only for satisfying the competing demands from various sectors, but also for ensuring sustainability of the systems.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
The soils belong to the Alifisols order. Red soils are predominant. These soils have developed on gneisses and granites and up to little extent on metamorphic rocks. These soils occur on hills, ridges, rolling to undulating and gently sloping lands of LPA.
Table 1.1: Physiography and soil types Physiography
Soils
Rolling lands
Deep, red gravelly clay soils
Undulating lands
Moderately deep, red clay soils Moderately deep, red gravelly clay soils
Gently sloping lands
Deep, red clay soils
Valleys
Very deep, clayey alluvial soils with saline-sodic in patches
These are moderately eroded and severely eroded lands, which need appropriate soil, and water conservation measures for both agricultural and non-agricultural areas for preventing further degradation of soils.
CLIMATE
The climate in the region is hot, moist, semi-arid Ecological Sub Region with length of growing period of 150-180 days.2 The Kanakapura Local Planning Area belongs to the Eastern Dry Agro-Climatic Zone. The LPA experiences pleasant weather almost all throughout the year. March, April and May are the predominant summer months while December and January constitute winter.
The nearest IMD station giving the rainfall, humidity, temperature and wind is at Bangalore. Hence, the data was collected from the IMD station from 1998 to 2008 for the mentioned parameters to understand the climate in the area.
2
Agro-ecological sub regions of India. Bull. No. 35.NBSS&LUP, Nagpur 1993.
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Chapter 1 | Introduction
WIND DIRECTIONS
It is seen from the wind roses collected from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) at Bangalore that the wind direction is mostly east to west. In the morning i.e., 0830 hrs, the wind is towards west during May to September and east during November to February. Whereas, in the evening i.e., 17:30hrs, the wind blows towards west during June to September and east in November to March. Hence, it can be taken that the wind generally blows towards west. The strongest winds (>19 kmph) are observed in the months from June to August. N 2.1% 8.6%
8.0%
W
KLPA
28.0%
14.0%
26.9%
E
10.6% 1.6% S
Figure1.2: Annual Direction of the Wind 1980-1997 Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in It is also observed from figure 2.1 that the annual analysis of the wind direction indicates west and east winds. The percentage wind from the north, however, slightly outweighs the one blowing from south.
It is seen from the IMD data from 1951-80, that the mean wind speeds are greatest in the months of June and July .According to the Wind Map of Karnataka, the LPA belongs to Low Damage Risk Zone. Hence, the structure design of infrastructure in the LPA with respect to wind, loading may be taken into consideration while planning and constructing high rise structures only. Further, the location of
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
industry, generally, should be located in a direction where wind force is going away from the human habitation.
RAINFALL
Bangalore IMD station recorded an average rainfall of around 875 mm over the years 1998-2010. It is observed from the IMD data provided that there are two peaks in the rainfall in Bangalore namely May and September months. But the highest rainfall months are mainly August, September and October.
Avg Annual Rainfall ( in mm)
KANAKAPURA TALUK AVG ANNUAL RAINFALL (MM) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
2000 Kanakapura Taluk avg annual 1056 rainfall
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
554
413
510
938
1261
494
635
640
807
975
Figure1.3: Average annual rainfall 2000 - 2010 Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in The average rainfall is around 665.5 mm for Kanakapura. There are 11 raingauge stations in the Kanakapura Taluk.
TEMPERATURE
The annual temperature in the LPA is around 24-25oC. Generally the mean minimum (January) is 1418 oC and the mean Maximum (May) is 32-35oC. The maximum temperature recorded is around 34oC and the minimum temperature is around 14.1oC. The most appropriate building materials with respect to temperature in the LPA are bricks and stones which are locally available. Page |7
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
Monthly mean and maximum temperature
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE
JULY
Monthly mean maximum temperature (0C)
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
Monthly mean minimum temperature (0C)
Figure1.4: Monthly mean and mean maximum temperature in the LPA Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in The table below shows the mean temperature and mean wind speed for the LPA.
It is observed
from table, that the temperature peaks around 350C in April and May months. The lowest temperatures (15-17 oC) are observed in months of November and December.
Table 1.2: Mean temperature and wind speed in the LPA Mean – Temperature
Wind
Month
Daily Max. 0 C
Daily Min. 0 C
Mean wind speed in Kmph
January
27.0
15.1
9.5
February
29.6
16.6
9.2
March
32.4
19.2
8.5
April
33.6
21.5
7.5
May
32.7
21.2
9.4
June
29.2
19.9
13.6
July
27.5
19.5
13.8
August
27.4
19.4
12.3
September
28.0
19.3
9.5
October
27.7
19.1
7.1
November
26.6
17.2
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December
25.9
15.6
9.0
Annual
28.97
18.63
9.76
Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in
HUMIDITY
The relative humidity is generally 86% during monsoon months and 63% during dry months. It can be seen from the Figure below that, that the mornings have exhibited more humidity mean relative than 67 per cent with the highest in the months of July and August (around 87 per cent) and the lowest humidity in the month of March. The evenings have exhibited humidity more than 31 per cent with the highest in the months of August and October (around 69 per cent) and the lowest in the month of March. Generally nearly 25 per cent difference is observed from mornings to evenings with the highest differences seen in the months of January, February and March (> 35 per cent).
Monthly Mean and Relative Humidity in Kanakapura LPA
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE JULY
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
Monthly mean relative humidity at 0830 hrs (%) Monthly mean relative humidity at 1730 hrs (%)
Figure 1.5: Monthly mean relative humidity in Kanakapura LPA Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in
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1.4 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
KANAKAPURA
Situated to the (56 km from Bangalore) South of Bangalore is on the right bank of the river Arkavathy. The place was originally under the Gangas and later under the Cholas, who administered it as a part of Kilalainad.
Later, the Hoysalas made it a major headquarters of province („sime‟). Its name was
changed as Kanakapura from its original Kanakanahalli.
But earlier it is mentioned as
„Kanikaranahalli‟ in two Hoysala records dated 1319 and 1317 A.D. from Hachchalu and Nyakanahalli (Kanakapura tq) villages respectively. Even a recent record dated 1662 A.D by Mysore rulers from Malagala also mention the place as „Kanikaranahalli‟ being the headquarters of a „sime‟. The local people universally call it as „Kanikaranahalli‟, which is otherwise corrupted as Kankanahalli, says Buchanan. He further says Kanikaranahalli has a Tamil origin – „Kani + Karna‟ or „Kanikara‟ signifies a proprietor of land. „Kanikara‟ literally means an accountant (Karanika) or a teller of fortune. The fort here is said to have been erected by Jagadeva Raya, the chief of Channapatna. The remains of the fort can be now seen near the Arkavathy bridge. The town was twice burnt or laid waste by Tipu Sultan to prevent its being of use to the British army on their march to Shrirangapattana. The place was conquered by Mysore rulers in 1630 A.D.
The place has temples dedicated to Ranganatha, Valakotamma, Kodandarama, Anjaneya (two), etc. The Ranganatha temple is a huge structure with a spacious inner Prakara and a gateway having a Rayagopura. Over the Mukhamantapa along the hara are niches enshrining are in Vijayanagara style with a cell to the right having images of Rama, Lakshmana and Seetha. Facing this is a shrine with a seated image of Anjaneya. The Navaranga has a seated image of Vishnu with attributes like Shankha, Chakra, Gada and Abhaya. Perhaps, this must have been the main deity as it is locally said that the present image of Srinivasa was installed as the original image was broken. The central garbhagriha has a ShalaShikhara.
There is an Ardhamantapa having niches without images.
Besides the main sanctum is another cell outside to the right having a recent image of Ranganatha. To the left of the main temple is another shrine of a Padmavati with a small Ardhamantapa and a Navaranga. The annual Jatra is held for a span of nine days beginning from Ugadi, when a cattle fair is also held. The Ganesha temple is an ordinary square structure having an image in Vijayanagara style. In front of this is a modern Kalyanamantapa. The Kodandarama temple is also an ordinary structure in Vijayanagar style.
The Garbhagriha has a brick and mortar shikara.
There is an open
Mukhamantapa in front of the spacious Navaranga. Facing this temple is the KoteAnjaneya, a small structure. The Kenkeramma temple is about 200 years old with a huge compound. The deity is P a g e | 10
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Chapter 1 | Introduction
regarded as Gramadevata, will have special attraction for the devotees during its Jatra held for a week after Ugadi when about 5000 people assemble. Nearby is another Anjaneya temple whose image is believed to have been installed by Vyasateertha.
The Valakotamma, another temple of the village deity has an image resembling Durga. The place has one VeerashaivaMatha called DegulaMatha.
It has a stone inscription dated 1667 of
DevarajaWodeyar of Mysore, announcing certain grants made in the Virupasamudra village by one Timmamma, mother of a Dalavayi to the Matha. The place has three mosques and the Jamia mosque inside the town is old, perhaps of Tipu‟s time. There are three Dargahs one ascribed to Hazrath Syed Yakhub Ali, who is said to have lived here about 200 years ago.
The Urus is held at this Dargah during the month of Bakrid when more than
5,000 people assemble. The second Dargah one ascribed to Kambli Peer and the Urus is held during Ramzan. There is also one more Dargah ascribed to Khan Khan Sab, an official perhaps of Tipu‟s time and the Urus is held here during Ramzan.
The place has a Roman Catholic church locally called the St. Rita built in 1964. Tippu was running a huge workshop at Kanakapura with a steel foundry. The place has a Government Silk Filature Factory founded in 1943. The Rural College here is a good memorial to noted Gandhian constructive worker S Kariyappa. Malagala (two km from Kanakapura) situated across the Arkavati river (now within Municipal limits) has a huge temple of Mahadeshwara with a spacious Navaranaga, two Ardhamantapas and a Garbhagriha. Over the Garbhagriha is a brick and mortar Shikhara with many stucco images. The pillars of the Navaranga are in later Vijayanagara style. This temple is older than those in Kanakapura proper. To the left of the main temple is a separate modern shrine of Parvati. Outside the temple are two inscriptions. One damaged record dated 1375 A.D. of BukkarayaOdeya‟s son HariharaOdeya announces one MahasamantaDoddaKallimayaNayaka making some grants to the temple. The second record dated 1662 of DevarajaWodeyar of Mysore records rich grants for the maintenance and car festival at the temple of Mahadeshwara and it also mentions „Kanikaianahalli‟, obviously referring to Kanakapura. The annual Jatra and the car festival are held during Chaitra. There is also a Sidikamba in wood. Other temples of the place are Morasandamma (Gramadevata) and one more small shrine of Mahadeshwara.
Kallahalli (five km from Kanakapura) is to be
approached by a deviation road to the left from the Kanakapura-Bangalore road. The place is noted for its huge Srinivasa temple built in Vijayanagara style. The Garbhagriha has a standing image of Srinivasa (about two meters tall). There is a brick and mortar Shikhara over it. There is a spacious Navaranga in front of the Ardhamantapa with plain Vijayanagarapillas. The annual Jatraand car P a g e | 11
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festival is held during MaghaPoornima when more than 15 to 20,000 people assemble. The village also has an Anjaneya temple. There is also a choultry managed by the Dharmasthala trust.
HAROHALLI
Located on the main road (16 km from Kanakapura) appears to have gained prominence under the Vijayanagara rulers. The place name is referred as „Haruvahalli‟ in a record dated 1532 A.D. from the same place. This must have been an old Agrahara granted to the Brahmanas. The place has temples dedicated to Arunachaleshwara, Krishnaswami, Basaveshwara (old), Anjaneya, etc. The Arunachaleshwara temple is a huge structure with a spacious inner Prakara having many small shrines such as Someshwara, Narayana, Lakshmi and Subrahmanya.
The Garbhagriha has a
Shivalingaperphas of the Hoysala times and also has a Shikhara in Dravidian style. The Navaranga has four Vijayanagara pillars and all of them have fine relief sculptures. There is an outer Mantapa said to have been added by the Subedars of Haider and Tippu, SuryanarayanaIyer and VenkateshIyer respectively.
Inside the Prakara, there are a few broken images of Hoysala
workmanship. To the left of the main temple is the shrine of Ammanavaru (Parvati). The entrance to the temple is from the south which has a tall brick Rayagopura in Vijayanagara style and has many stucco sculptures on Shiava themes. This temple is in an area described as fort built or expanded during Tipu‟s times. The Krishnaswamy temple seen in the fort area has been totally renovated. The Garbhagriha and the Ardhamantapa have some later Vijayanagara features. There are two cells on either sides of the Garbhagriha and one to its right has an image of Lakshmi in it. The other to the left has an image of Venkatesha standing with Shridevi and Bhudevi. This must be the image referred to a Vijayanagara record found at the western wasteweir of Vengallayyanakere (outskirts) and is dated 1532 A.D. issued by ViraPratapaAchutaraya. It states that God Tiruvengadanatha was brought to Haruvahalli by an official VaradaTimmaya who also made land grants to the deity. In the outskirts of the village, amidst fields is an old Bhimeshwara temple of later Vijayanagara times. The pillars of the Navaranga have no sculptures but are square with Vijayanagara brackets atop. Dwarapalas in relief at the entrance of the Garbhagriha.
There are impressive
The shining Shivalinga rises above the
ground level from the centre of a circular hidden (underground) Panipeetha. To the left of the main temple is the small shrine of Ammanavaru. The village proper has two mosques in recent style.
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SATHANUR
Situated at a distance of 10 km from Magadi has been mentioned as „Sathanur‟ in a record dated 1497 A.D. from the same place.
The place has temples dedicated to Kabbalamma, Maruti,
Svayambeshwara, VithalaGopalaswami, Shanidevaru, etc. Kabbalamma temple has a deity made out of clay. The temple is built in Vijayanagara style with octagonal as well as square pillars. The image of Maruti, about two meters tall, is associated with noted theorist on Hindustani Music PundarikaVithala, the celebrated author of Ragamala, Ragamanjari, SadragaChandrodaya, etc., who hailed from this place. The Svayambeshwara temple outside the village amidst fields is perhaps the earliest monument built in early Vijayanagara style. Interestingly there are a few cylindrical pillars with cushions atop in typical Ganga style. Inside the temple are placed images of Vishnu (two) Ganapati and Durga (small). The Garbhagriha has a brick mortar Shikhara in Vijayanagara style. One inscription stone lying to the south-east corner of the temple is badly damaged but mentions one official Manchayya, son of Chandra Suri (perhaps a JainaPandita) granting lands to one individual HiriyaMallinatha of Satanur in the originally of Lakshmi. One of the striking monuments of the place is the VithalaGopalaswamy with an ordinary structure but, an impresiveHoysala image. The black stone image of the deity is about one metre tall with two hands, both placed on the waist. The right hand holds a mouth tied with a rope. The god is flanked by consorts who hold a Chauri in one hand and a lotus in the other. The Prabhavali or halo has in the upper portion well curved Dashavatara in relief amidst MakaraTorana. The inside wall of the temple has a Nagari inscription dated 1497, which announces certain grants made by the children of one official TirumalaSomayaji of Kaliyuru to God Vithala of Sathanur. Apparently PundarikaVithala might have been named after this deity. Hujigallu, an interior place situated on a deviation road (four km) from the Sathanur-Magadi road, is a place with pre-historic antiquities. There is an irregular country road to reach the place. The place is full of dolmens situated on the verge of a hill. The hill has many inaccesible caves. On some of the boulders at the foot of the hill there are some Jaina images and inscriptions not so legible and they must be Nishidhi memorials. The place is fit for pre-historic excavations.
ACHCHALU
Situated 10 km from Kanakapura and can be approached form a deviation road before Sathanur from Kanakapura. The place name is found mentioned as Achala, headquarters of a nadu in a hoysala record of 1318 A.D. (of Ballala III) from the same place. The village has a tall hillock having an P a g e | 13
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
ordinary cave on in enshrining a Shivalinga called locally as the GaviMuneshwara temple. The annual Jatra here is held during MakaraSankranti. The village proper has interesting antiquities all over and particularly within the precincts of the Hanumantha temple. The Hanumantha image in profile is about one meter tall and the god holds a branch of a tree in one of his hands. Nearby is a Basaveshwara temple over a small hillock, below which is many hero-stones. There are in all, three inscriptions in the area around the Anjanaya temple. One lying in a field is illegible but refers to the rule of HoysalaNarasimha. The second inscription, also found in a field, states that when HoysalaBallal III was ruling (1318 A.D.), one Maradeva of Sigalanadu made some grants to one Allappanayaka, son of Madappa of Kanikaranahalli (modern Kanakapura) for the maintenance of a temple at Achalanadu. The last record also found in a field is damaged, but tries to say that under Ballala III one Mahapradhana Someya‟s son Javideva made certain grants to Pattanaswamy Setti, etc.
ARALALU
Situated on the banks of the Arkavathi (3 km from Kanakapura) appears to be an ancient place with political importance especially in early Vijayanagara times when nearly a dozen hero-stones in the places are taken into account. In a record from Nayakanahalli dated 1295 AD of HoysalaBallala II the place is mentioned as “Arulahalu” under Singalanadu in a later record dated 1312 AD from the same village. The place was the headquarters of Singalanada Prabhus. One record (Kn 97) also speaks of “Arulahalu Rajya”. All the hero-stones are found in fields around the village and of these one in the field of one Chikkamarigowda has a horse rider wielding a javelin, beautifully wrought in relief. In same field remains of an ancient Shiva temple have been unearthed with a huge Shivalinga, perhaps of the Ganga times. The Narayanaswamy temple here is a considerably big and its outer Mantapa has fine pillars in Vijayanagara style with relief sculptures on them. NarayanswamyKodugeJameenu is an inscription dated 1393 AD.
In a field called
This states that under King
ShangaAppa of Sigalanadu one ArulahalaMaragudana‟s son ChikkaAyivanna made certain land grants to God Narayana (Kn 100). The annual Jatra is held here in Phalguna. The Venkataswamy temple here is considerably big and old, and a Jatra is also held here. The Basaveswara, Maramma and the Kollapuramma are the other temples and shrines of the place, and behind the last named are two hero stones in a field. There is one more hero stone enshrined in a slab Mantapa across the river, and two more hero stones in a nearby field. There is also a Basavanna shrine there.
In the Harijana colony is a hero stone illustrating a terrible war scene. Of the other two inscriptions from the place, the one in the Agrahara to the north-east of the village is dated 1400 AD speaking of the strengthening the sluice of the local Marasamudra Tank by a Minister Channa Vodeyar under Hariahara – II of the Vijayanagar when Malla Raya‟s son Narayanadeva was ruling at Arulahala. The P a g e | 14
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other inscriptions at the same village on a stone in the yard of Muddamma Ganiga dated 1390 AD states that Siddaya, the Minister of Bukka Raya‟s Son ChannaVodeyar accepted the rules of Arulahala in the Sigalanadu and further states that Marappa, son of AralahalaSiddaya, was wounded in the Hegabe hill. The place also has a Gadduge of Manteswamy.
KABBAL
A border village in the taluk (14 km from Kanakapura) is noted for a vertical steep hill resembling a Shivalinga. The place is mentioned as Kabbahala in Hoysala record by Ballala – III from the same place. At the foot of the hill is the village with a temple locally called Kabbalamma. It appears to have been a flourishing marketing centre in that time. The deity here is referred as „Kalikadevi‟ in a Vijayanagara record from the same place. This temple is an ordinary structure in Vijayanagara style with square pillars without any figures. The Garbhagriha is an ordinary brick and mortar Shikara of recent times. Besides this is a Basaveswara temple (modern). The Jatra of Kabbalamma is held during Shivaratri for a span of one week and more than 20000 people assembled. Special poojas are offered on every Tuesday and Friday when on an average, 500 people visit the temple. Facing the temple is a long Konda (pit) where fire walking ritual is held during the Jatra Adjacent to this in an enclosure having two hero stones, also being worshipped by devotees and both have inscriptions.
On the first hero stone is a record dated 1291AD by Ballala-III which states that one Sahuranna, son of Somagunda ofKabbala died while fighting with robber son his return from HanikyurJatra. The second hero stone has an inscription which announces several grants made by PratapaDevaraya of Vijayanagara before goddess Kalikadevi to Veerapanchalas belonging to different crafts. To the north of the temple is Bhairava shrine which has two masks described as of Kenchanna and Kariyanna. It has a Prakara and a small Mukhamantapa. Above the tall vertical hill are located an old Bhimeshwara temple, a granary, Magazine house, a small pond, etc. To climb the hill one can use the regular steps as well as footpath having severe gradient. In the middle of the hill is a small cavern being converted into a temple enshrining an image of god Srinivasa, measuring about half meter in height. Above the rocky ceiling is a Shikara and there are two ponds within the precincts of this temple. The top most portion of the hill has one more pond. The hill has fortifications all around. It was used as a durgeon for political prisoners by Mysore rulers and Prince Chamaraja VII was confined to this place by DalvayiDevarajayya and the Prince died here in 1734. Hyder too had confined many prisoners here and MurarraoGorpade of Gutti was also confined to this place and was killed in 1779. Tipu changed the name of the place as Jafferabad. Viewing from this hill in the evening, one can undergo sublime experience of enjoying the enchanting scenes including green fields, the gold coated horizon, etc. If necessary, amenities are further provided; this can become a lovely hill station in the district. P a g e | 15
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
1.5 INTRODUCTION TO LPA The K-LPA had been declared by the Govt. of Karnataka vide notification no BMRDA/KTA/2006-07, with effect from 29.4.2006. The LPA is located in the south-eastern part of the BMR between 12º23‟N 77º41‟E and 12º51‟N 77º31‟E and spans over Ramanagara and Bangalore Urban district. It is located at an average distance of 30km from Bangalore city. The major town in the LPA is Kanakapura which is a Town Municipal Council.
The NH 209 is the major connector that passes through the LPA linking the LPA to Bangalore city and Mysore. There is no railway connectivity in the LPA.
The area of the LPA is 412.78 sq. km. It comprises of parts of the Kanakapura Taluk and the Bangalore South Taluk. It consists of 86 villages and one TMC and has a total population of 1.81 lakhs. The total urban population in the LPA is 54,021 while the rural population in 1.27 lakhs. The list of the villages and the town are given in the table below.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
Table 1.3: List of villages and population in the Kanakapura LPA HOBLI
Gram Panchayat
VILLAGE NAME
CENSUS AREA (Ha)
POPULATION 2011
1
Doddamaralawadi
Cheeluru
Cheeluru
1040
3144
2
Doddamaralawadi
T.Hosahalli
Chikkadevarahalli
106
374
3
Doddamaralawadi
Cheeluru
Jakkasandra
340
1772
4
Doddamaralawadi
T.Hosahalli
Keeranagere
340
718
5
Doddamaralawadi
T.Hosahalli
T.Hosahalli
555
723
6
Harohalli
Doddamuduwadi
Bandiganahalli
268
517
7
Harohalli
Cheelur
Bannikuppe
601
1340
8
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
BettahalliKaval
247
518
9
Harohalli
Yalachavadi
Bheemasandra
157
318
10
Harohalli
Dyavasandra
ChulakanakereKava l
43
153
11
Harohalli
Cheelur
Devarakaggalahalli
244
557
12
Harohalli
Doddamuduwadi
Doddamuduwadi
651
1068
13
Harohalli
Dyavasandra
Dyavasandra
331
575
14
Harohalli
Hunusanahalli
Gabbadi
633
1867
15
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Gabbadi Kaval
90
74
16
Harohalli
Harohalli
Harohalli
1675
12988
17
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Hosakote
18
Harohalli
Kolliganahalli
Hulugondanahalli
552
1923
19
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Kaggalahalli
358
1164
20
Harohalli
T.Hosahalli
Maralagere
204
239
21
Harohalli
Harohalli
Marasandra
258
712
22
Harohalli
Kolliganahalli
Medamaranahalli
315
1519
23
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Mudenahalli
380
1143
24
Harohalli
Doddamuduwadi
Singasandra
362
1003
25
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Vaderahalli
390
1287
26
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Yadamadu
307
871
27
Kasaba
Tungani
Agrahara
138
476
28
Kasaba
Allimaranahalli
Allimaranahalli
402
1939
733
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
29
Kasaba
Chikkamuduwadi
Anajawadi
526
2165
30
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Aralalu
663
1790
31
Kasaba
Tungani
Aralalusandra
582
1318
32
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Aranakuppe
178
832
33
Kasaba
Budiguppe
Baradanahalli
266
882
34
Kasaba
T.Bekuppe
Bekuppe
480
1308
35
Kasaba
Chakanahalli
Cheeranakuppe
173
821
36
Kasaba
Chikkamuduwadi
Chikkamuduwadi
567
3445
37
Kasaba
T.Bekuppe
Chokasandra
209
1205
38
Kasaba
Allimaranahalli
Ganalu
301
1353
39
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Hanumanahalli
594
1022
40
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Kallahalli
200
1891
41
Kasaba
Kabbalu
Kanakapura (Rural)
1075
631
42
Kasaba
Tungani
Ramapura
534
1073
43
Kasaba
Tungani
Rayasandra
1178
1727
44
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Seegekote
479
1551
45
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Shivanahalli
1250
1799
46
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Thammasandra
674
989
47
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Tigalarahalli
73
680
48
Kasaba
T.Bekuppe
Tigalarahosahalli
482
1255
49
Kasaba
Tungani
Tungani
404
1717
50
Kasaba
Allimaranahalli
Vadedoddi
410
1265
51
Kasaba
Chakanahalli
Virupasandra
361
1812
52
Sathanur
Achalu
Achalu
1601
2498
53
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Alur
215
531
54
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Anamanahalli
519
599
55
Sathanur
Achalu
Bommanahalli
189
1084
56
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Dalimba
233
1056
57
Sathanur
Sathanur
Deshohalli
243
0
58
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Halasinamaradahalli
88
361
59
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Honniganahalli
212
959
P a g e | 18
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
60
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Hosahalli
353
115
61
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Kabbal
550
1160
62
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Kachavanahalli
312
1678
63
Sathanur
Kadahalli
Kadahalli
420
1099
64
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Kambasagara
326
805
65
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Kemmale
362
1117
66
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Mudalaswamikuppe
124
18
67
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Naripura
108
68
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Sasalapura
841
1595
69
Sathanur
Sathanur
Sathanur
587
4968
70
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Tailuru Forest
3478
427
71
Sathanur
Achalu
Thotahalli
292
1325
72
Sathanur
Yadugowdanahalli
84
73
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Alakabelalu
70
62
74
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Gulakamale
485
2288
75
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
K. Chudahalli
389
1371
76
Uttarahalli
Kaggalipura
Kaggalipura
939
12070
77
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Naganayakanahalli
168
776
78
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Nelaguli
375
1189
79
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Nettigere
472
1846
80
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Ravugodlu
389
1370
81
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Somanahalli
540
4657
82
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Sunkadakatte
254
433
83
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Tharalu
601
1502
84
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Thattaguppe
383
2528
85
Uttarahalli
Kaggalipura
Uttari
496
1454
86
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Vaddarapalya
613
1729
The LPA also consists of a class III census town, Kanakapura, with an area of 3.71 sq. km and a population of 54,021.
P a g e | 19
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
Table 1.4: TMC data in the LPA SL
TMC
AREA (Ha)
POPULATION
1
Kanakapura
371
54,021
3
OVERLAPPING VILLAGES WITH BMICA(Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor Area)
The KPA has been declared as per the government order Number
Na Aa E: 496: MIB: 1998 dated 12-07-1999 & Na Aa E: 62: BemRupra: 2006,
87 villages has been declared as per section 4a of KTCP act 1961, were in the villages Uttari, Naganayakanahalli & K.Choodalli of Bangalore South Taluk have also been notified by the government for BMICAPA. These three villages are overlapping in both the planning authorities & in this regard correspondence with BMICAPA has been made requesting their opinion to delete these villages from BMICAPA as for these three villages, the IMP has been prepared & as per that the KPA has issued many planning permissions but BMICAPA has opined that they will retain three villages as their notification was made quite earlier to KPA. With all these details KPA submitted a proposal to BMRDA & In turn BMRDA already requested the government to take immediate decision in respect of these three villages. So far government has not any decision in this regard hence master plan is prepared including these three villages as per the earlier notification for final approval of the master plan.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION The Master Plan provides scope to redefine circulation pattern and landuse of the LPA in accordance with the present trend of development. Existing problems of the study area has been addressed and best possible solution has been provided for them.
The Limitations of the Master Plan process is the lack of primary household data and primary traffic survey data.
3
Census 2011
P a g e | 20
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
CHAPTER 2
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND ECONOMIC BASE 2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTER Demography is the study of human population with respect to size, composition, spatial distribution, and changes in the populationthat occur over time. Future growth scenarios, infrastructure requirements and utilisation of human resource for different sectors depend on the population of an area. Hence study of population – size, composition and distribution is important to Planning.
Size of the population gives an overall dimension of the physical environment and supplies a basic yardstick for the estimation of space requirements for various categories of land use.
Studies of population composition extend this analysis to qualitative considerations like age groups, household sizes, income levels, and needs of each segment of the life cycle. They can be used to assist in determining the space required for facilities for all segments of the population.
Analysis of population distribution provides clues as to how these various land uses and facilities should be located in the urban area.
The population of Kanakapura LPA, as per census 2011 and other thematic data from census 2001 has been studied and analysed to arrive at future growth scenarios and determination of infrastructural requirements.
KARNATAKA and BMR: FACTS and FIGURES Karnataka State‟s population according to 2011 Census is 6.11 crores (Table 1). It is observed that (a) the percentage growth in population has reduced from 17.25% in 1991-2001 to 15.67% in 20012011. (b) the urban percentage growth in population has increased from 29 per cent in 1991-2001 to 31.27% in 2001-2011, and (c) the urban population in Bangalore Urban District has increased from 88 per cent in 2001 to 90.94% in 2011.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
The BMRDA area includes Bangalore Urban and Rural Districts. As per census 2011, the population is around 105, 76,167 (105 lakhs). The percentage rural population in the area has reduced from 27 per cent in 2001 to 15.02% in 2011 and the percentage urban population has increased from 73% in 2001 to 84.98% in 2011. Hence, the area has gone through a great deal of urbanization. Population of the BMRDA area represented 16% of Karnataka‟s population in 2001 and represents 17.3% of Karnataka‟s population in 2011. The rural population of BMR has decreased from 7% of total rural population of Karnataka in 2001 to 4.2% of total rural population of Karnataka in 2011. Whereas, urban population which was 34 per cent of Karnataka‟s total urban population in 2001 is now 8.11%. The growth of the rural and urban population in 2011 is 7.63% and 31.27% respectively.
The urban and rural population figures of Karnataka, Bangalore Urban District, Bangalore Rural District and BMRDA area are presented in the table below.
Table 2.1: Population Statistics in Karnataka YEARS AREA ( sq. km)
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
29,299,014
37,135,714
44,977,201
52,850,562
61,130,704
22,176,921
26,406,108
31,069,413
34,889,033
37,552,529
7,122,093
10,729,606
13,907,788
17,961,529
23,578,175
3,365,515
4,947,610
4,839,162
6,537,124
9,588,910
1,499,761
1,754,394
669,409
777,137
868,971
1,865,754
3,193,216
4,169,253
5,759,987
8,719,939
1,673,194
1,877,416
987,257
1,369,908
1,470,542
719,564
303,286
406,874
267,693
Karnataka
Karnataka Rural
1,91,791
Urban Bangalore Urban District
Total Rural
2,190
Urban Bangalore Rural District
Total Rural Urban
2,260
Ramanagara District
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
Total
1,082,739
Rural
3,555
815,368
Urban
267,353
BMR Total Rural
8,005
Urban
3,365,515
4,947,610
6,512,356
8,414,540
10,576,167
1,499,761
1,754,394
2,039,317
2,247,679
1,588,535
1,865,754
3,193,216
4,472,539
6,166,861
8,987,632
Source: Census 2011 KANAKAPURA LPA: GROWTH TREND
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN KANAKAPURA TOWN
Kanakapura Town or TMC is the only urban settlement in the Kanakapura LPA. It has an area of 7.31 sq. km1. The table below shows population in Kanakapura TMC from 1961 to 2011. The present population of the TMC is 54,021. Population in Kanakapura Town 60000
POpulation
50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Kanakapura
1961 15000
1971 20000
1981 29000
1991 38000
2001 47000
2011 54021
Figure 2.1: Population in Kanakapura Town; Source: Census 2011
Present municipal limits
1
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
It can be noted that the population growth in the town is less which can be attributed to lack of economic activity and growth generators in the LPA.
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN KANAKAPURA LPA
The Kanakapura LPA is composed of 86 villages and 1 town. The present population of the LPA villages (census 2011) is 126,916. Total population of the LPA, including Kanakapura TMC is 180,931. Figure 2 below shows the population growth in the LPA from1961 to 2011.
Population in Kanakapura LPA 200000 180000 160000
Population
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Kanakapura LPA
1961 83194
1971 95887
1981 125993
1991 151998
2001 170278
2011 180937
Figure2.2: Population in Kanakapura LPA Source: Census 2011 It can be seen that the increase in population in the LPA over the years have been extremely less. The figure below shows the growth rate from 1971 to 2011.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
Population Growth Rate in Kanakapura LPA 35% 31%
30% 25%
21%
20%
growth rate
15% 12%
10%
6%
5% 0% 1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Figure2.3: Population growth rate in Kanakapura LPA; Source: Census It can be seen that there is a negative growth rate in the LPA. The trend suggests out-migration which can be attributed to the lack of economic activities in the area. The table below shows a comparison between the population growth in the BMR, the Bangalore urban, Bangalore Rural+ Ramanagara and the Kanakapura LPA.
POPULATION GROWTH IN BMR, BANGALORE URBAN, BANAGLORE URBAN DISTRICT, BANAGLORE URBAN & RAMANAGARA 10,576,167 10000000 9,588,910
8000000
Kanakapura LPA 6000000
BMR
4000000 2,069,996 2000000 180937 0 1971
1981
1991
2001
Bangalore rural + Ramanagara bangalore urban district
2011
Figure2.4: Comparison of population growth, Source: Census It can be seen that the growth of population in the Kanakapura LPA has not been significant as compared to the other areas of the BMR. The decadal growth rate of Kanakapura LPA is 6.25%. The slow growth rate may be attributed to the slow pace of industrial development in the LPA. The LPA is P a g e | 25
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
rich in agricultural produce but the agro-industry has not been supported. Migration has been a major trend in many villages in the LPA
POPULATION DENSITY IN THE LPA
The total area of the Kanakapura LPA is 412 sq. km (approx.). The figure below shows the population density in the Kanakapura LPA. Population density in Kanakapura LPA 160.00 140.00
Gross density
120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Series1
Doddamaralawadi
Harohalli
Kasaba
Sathanur
Uttarahalli
kanakapura TMC
3.04
2.82
3.79
2.63
4.46
145.61
Figure 2.5: Population density 2 in Kanakapura LPA; Source: Census It can be seen that Kanakapura TMC has a high density of 145 persons/ Ha3 while the population density in rest of the LPA, expressed in Hoblis is extremely low, ranging in the order of 3 to 5 persons per hectare. The population density of the Ramanagara district is 30 persons per Hectare. The low density is attributed to the clustered growth in the outer BMR.
The Structure Plan 2031 advocates clustered growth around exiting growth nodes; hence the future scenario for the LPA would also follow the present trend of concentrated growth. However, new growth centres would be promoted in the LPA around Harohalli and Sathanur to create a spur of economic activities.
2
Analysis is done Hobli wise, taking average value of individual village, municipal boundary has been considered for Kanakapura TMC Census of India and Analysis
3
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION IN THE LPA
The urban and rural population distribution can be seen in the figure below. The urban population is contributed by the Kanakapura TMC while the population in the villages constitute the rural population. It can be seen that 30% of the population lives the urban areas while rural population constitute 70% of the total population in the LPA.
Urban-Rural population distribution in the LPA URBAN
RURAL
30%
70%
Figure2.6: Urban rural population distribution in the LPA SOURCE: census 2011 The share of population in the LPA having access to urban facilities should be increased, especially around the future growth nodes – Harohalli and Sathanur.
SEX RATIO
Sex ratio is defined as number of females per 1000 males. The sex ratio of the Kanakapura LPA has been shown in context of the larger framework. It can be seen that the sex ratio in Karnataka is 968 4 females per 1000 males, while that of the BMR is 935. Sex ratio is alarmingly low in the Kanakapura Town where it is 923 females per 1000 males. The table below shows a comparative list of sex ratios according to census 2011. Ramanagara ranks 18th among the 30 districts of Karnataka in terms of sex ratio.
4
Census 2011
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
Table 2.2: Comparative table: sex ratio AREA
Karnataka
SEX RATIO
968
Ramanagara
Kanakapura 5
Kanakapura 6
District
Taluk
TMC
976
941
923
SOURCE: census 2011, 2001 The reasons behind low sex ratio in the urban areas may be the influx of male workers from the surrounding areas in search of job. However, the ratio is also skewed in the overall Kanakapura Taluk, indicating poor development.
CHILD POPULATION(0-6 years)
The proportion of child population in an area determines the educational infrastructure demand. According to census 2011 data the 9.38% of the total population of the Ramanagara district belongs to age group 0-6 years. The table below shows a comparative table of the child population proportion in Bangalore, Bangalore rural and Ramanagara.
Table 2.3: Comparative list population under of 0-6 years, AREA Percentage
Bangalore
Bangalore Rural
9,88,482 (10.31%)
1,02,019 (10.33%)
Ramanagara
Kanakapura
district
Taluk
1,01,565 (9.38%)
31,868 (9.1%)
of
population in age group 0-6 years
SOURCE: census 2011 It can be seen that the proportion of population in the 0-6 year category is almost similar in all the three areas, though actual population count is much higher in Bangalore district. Hence the education sector needs to be promoted in the LPA.
LITERACY RATE According to census data 2011, the literacy rate in Ramanagara district is 69.2% which is 9% higher than that of 2001. Literacy rate among men is 76.92% compared to 69.88% in 2001 an that among 5
Census of India 2001 Census of India 2001
6
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
women is 61.33% compared to 51.22% in 2001. The average literacy rate of Kanakapura Taluk is 65.1, while that in urban areas in 80.5% and in rural areas is 62.5%. Though there has been considerable increase in the literacy rate in the region, it is abysmally poor compared to the rest of BMR. The literacy rate of Bangalore is 88.48% the figures below show the comparative data for the literacy rates in the district. 90
LITERACY RATE
80.5 80 70
73.9 66.7
65.1
62.5
60
56
53.1
50
43.1
46.3
40 30 20 10 0 KANAKAPURA URBAN AVERAGE LITERACY RATE
KANAKAPURA RURAL MALE LITERACY RATE
TOTAL FEMALE LITERACY RATE
Figure2.7: Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk Source: Census 2001
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
The human development index data, according to Karnataka Human Development Report 2005 shows that Bangalore Rural district has a human development index of 0.653 7 . The table below shows the composition of HD8I in Bangalore Urban and Bangalore Rural district. 7 8
Karnataka Human Development Report 2005 The HDI for districts is computed on the basis of the methodology used in UNDP Human Development Report 1999. Due to the non-
availability of data on adult literacy rates for 2001, literacy rates for 7 years plus, the combined gross enrolment ratios of primary and secondary level education (class I-XII) have been substituted. Hence, there is element of double counting in the age group 6-18 years for educational status. It may be noted that due to changes in methodology, i.e. adopting the logarithm method in computation, there has been a sudden increase in the values of the income index. Another important factor is that changing the base year from 1980-81 to 1993-94 for estimation of GDP at constant prices for India and the states (introduced by the CSO) has contributed to higher values of income indices for 1991-92 and 2001-02. In Karnataka, the estimates of life expectancy at birth for districts and the state have been made on the basis of the regression method involving the crude birth rate, the crude death rate, the rate of natural increase in population and the infant mortality rate
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
Table 4: HDI composition Area
Health
Education
Income
HDI
Bangalore Rural
0.692
0.662
0.605
0.653
Bangalore Urban
0.705
0.887
0.666
0.753
SOURCE: Human Development Report, Karnataka 2005
It is noted that the HDI of the Bangalore Rural district is poor compared to Bangalore Urban district. It is however higher than the national HDI of 0.621. Care should be taken at policy and proposal level to augment the HDI status of the area and bring it at par with that of the Bangalore Urban District.
for 2001. In order to enable for the districts and the state are higher than the HDI values in KHDR I. The GDI values have also been revised for 27 districts for 1991, so as to facilitate a comparison of GDI estimates for 1991 with those of 2001.
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2.2 ECONOMIC BASE: INTRODUCTION Kanakapura Taluk has been classified as “Most backward” Taluk in the BMR 9. The population of Kanakapura LPA has grown from 1.7 lakhs in 2001 to 1.8 lakhs in 2011. The net growth in population over the last decade is ten thousand, the decadal growth rate being 6.25% and the annual growth rate being 0.58%. The annual growth rate of Bangalore urban district however is 5.1%10. Needless to say, the growth of the LPA has been slow. It is evident that the intensity and scale of economic activities in the LPA are in tandem with this pace of growth.
Under the framework of the draft RSP 2031, a scenario of 75-25 population sharing between the core and the outside is being aimed for. Since this includes inducing a considerable amount of population from the core to the outside, there is a need to provide an economic impetus to the LPA.
Bangalore has been experiencing rapid development because of accelerated industries and economic activities. This has resulted in growth of congestion of Bangalore, because of which there is tremendous pressure on infrastructure. Land is becoming scarce and hence costly day by day.
Investors are opting to move outwards from Bangalore to the nearest town. Investors prefer Kanakapura Taluk as their investment destination.
Since Harohalli is nearer to Bangalore and
already has a developed industrial base, more and more projects are proposed in this location. Thus Kanakapura Taluk is expected to register faster economic growth.
These initiatives taken viz, development of infrastructure & housing facilities in mega scale have enthused major investors to opt Kanakapura taluk for their investments.
WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION The BMR RSP 2031 states the work participation rate of the BMR as a little over 41%. The workforce participation rate of the Kanakapura town is however 17.5%11. The industrial work participation rate of the BMR is considered to be 21%12.WPR13 of Kanakapura Taluk is 49%.
9
NewIndustrial Policy 2006-2011 report, Karnataka Industrial Policy 2009-2014 According to Census 2011 data 11 BMR Revised Structure Plan 2031 12 Interim master Plan 2011, Kanakapura LPA 13 Work Participation rate 10
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WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION Workforce Distribution in Kanakapura Taluk
The total no of workers in a society is comprised of the main workers
MAIN 38%
and
the
marginal
workers. Main workers are those
NONWORKERS 51%
who have more than 100 days of work in a year and marginal
MARGINAL 11%
workers are those who work less than 100 days in a year. Non-
Figure 2.8: Workforce distribution in the Kanakapura LPA, Source: census 2001
workers are those who fall in the working age group, mainly the
unemployed and the housewives. In 2001 the percentage of main workers in the Kanakapura Taluk was 38.1%, while the percentage of marginal workers was 11.1%. Non-workers constituted 50.9% of the total population. The figure shows the workforce distribution in the Kanakapura Taluk.
Performance of the government employment programmes such as the PMRY, MGNREGA etc should be analysed in the LPA to uncover the cause of unemployment in the LPA. Economic activities should be introduced to combat unemployment and reduce out-migration.
DISTRIBUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS The figure below shows the gender wise distribution of the total workforce in the Kanakapura Taluk. It can be observed that 62% of the total workforce is composed of males while the female share is much lower comprising of just 38% The gender wide distribution of the workers in Gender wise distribution of workforce in Kanakapura Taluk
each worker category can also be analysed. It can be seen that the males constitute almost two
FEMALE 38%
third of the main workers, while in the marginal category MALE 62%
females
workers
constitute
the
majority. In the non-worker category, we can see that there are much more unemployed males in the Taluk than females. The figure below shows the gender wise distribution of workers in each category.
Figure 2.9: Gender wise distribution of workers ; Source: census 2001 P a g e | 32
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Gender wise distribution of Workforce in Kanakapura Taluk 120000
PERSONS
100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 MALE
MAIN 90598
MARGINAL 12,709
NON-WORKERS 70,413
FEMALE
37,741
24,660
101,087
Figure 2.10: Gender wise distribution of workers in each category, Source: census 2001 As seen in the chart above, the proportion of male „main workers‟ is almost double that of the female „main workers‟. Women are more marginally employed or unemployed than their male counterparts.
Measures should hence be taken at policy and proposal level to augment the share of female workforce in the economy.
DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN URBAN AREAS: KANAKAPURA TMC The Kanakapura TMC constitutes the urban area in the LPA. The figure below shows the workforce distribution in the TMC. It can be seen that 35% of the total workers are main workers, 2% are marginal workers and 63% are nonWorkforce Distribution in Kanakapura TMC
workers. The Kanakapura town has negligible industries at present. The livelihood of the
MAIN 35%
people is majorly sustained by the local
NONWORKERS 63%
economy and the service sector. It can be seen that non-worker category in the urban area is higher than the average LPA MARGINAL 2%
value.Increase in economic activity in the LPA is necessary to decrease the share of non-workers.
Figure 2.11: Distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC; Source: census 2001
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN URBAN AREAS: KANAKAPURA TMC
It can be seen that 24% of the total GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN KANAKAPURA TMC
workers are women while 76% are men. The participation of women, as evident
FEMALE 24%
from the figure below is extremely low.
Measures should be taken to increase MALE 76%
the work participation rate of women in the LPA by introducing women friendly employment schemes and improving child care facilities and connectivity to work centres.
Figure 2.12: Gender wise distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC Source: Census 2001 GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN KANAKAPURA TMC
20,000
PERSONS
16,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 0 MALE FEMALE
MAIN 12,727 3,935
MARGINAL 579 372
NON-WORKERS 11,311 18,136
Figure 2.13: Gender wise distribution of workforce in each category Source: Census 2001 The gender wise distribution of workers in each category shows that, male workers constitute the majority among Main workers. In the marginal worker category, the population of men is slightly higher than that of women. There is a huge population in the non-worker category; clearly depicting that unemployment rate is high among both men and women.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL AREAS It is interesting to note that total workers constitute 48% of the total population, higher than that of the urban areas (37% in Kanakapura TMC). WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL AREAS OF KANAKAPURA LPA
38% of the population is main workers while 10% are marginal workers. The figure
MAIN 38%
below
shows
the
workforce
distribution in the rural areas of the
NONWORKERS 52%
Kanakapura LPA. MARGINAL 10%
Figure 2.14: Workforce distribution in rural areas of Kanakapura LPA; Source: census 2001
Sustenance activities
through attributes
agricultural to
higher
employment rate in the rural areas.
Nevertheless, the share of non-workers is high. The LPA falls under SEZ for agricultural facilities and has high potential for sericulture. The opportunities should be explored in order to develop the rural areas.
WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: KANAKAPURA TALUK
Worker distribution in Economic Activities
The worker distribution in Kanakapura
Taluk
shows
that 53% of the total workers HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 2%
OTHER WORKERS 22%
CULTIVATORS 53%
are cultivators while 23% are agricultural labourers. 2% of the
total
workers
household AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 23%
industry
are
in
while
22% are other sectors. It can be seen that
Figure 2.15: Workforce distribution in Economic Activities in Kanakapura Taluk; Source: census 2001
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GENDER WISE WORKER DISTRIBUTION IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 60,000
PERSONS
50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 MALE
52,461
AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 14,953
FEMALE
25,953
19,673
CULTIVATORS
HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 1,619 1,504
OTHER WORKERS 20,968 10,964
Figure 2.16: Gender wise Workforce distribution Kanakapura Taluk, Source: census 2001 Gender wise distribution of workers shows that men constitute the majority of the cultivators and other workers while women appear more as agricultural labourers. In the household industry, their composition is more or less equal.
WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: KANAKAPURA TMC
W O R K E R D I S T R I B U T I O N I N E C O N O M I C AC T I V I T I E S : K AN AK A P U R A T M C CULTIVATORS 3%
AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 2%
It can be seen from the figure that 3%
of
the total workers
are
cultivators, 2% are agricultural HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 9%
labourers,
9%
are
household
industry workers and 86% workers fall in the other workers category.
OTHER WORKERS 86%
It is evident that majority of the workforce
are
engaged
in
secondary sector in the urban areas of the LPA.
Figure 2.17: Worker distribution in Economic Activities: Kanakapura TMC Source: Census 2001
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE PRIMARY SECTOR AGRICULTURAL LAND HOLDINGS
The total area in the Kanakapura
LAND UTILISATI ON IN KANAKA PU RA TALUK Forest area 28%
Net area sown 40%
Taluk is 159426 Ha out of which 45263 Ha lies under forests. Total area not available for cultivation is 22000 Ha. Other uncultivable lands amount to 13144 Ha. Fallow land in
Other uncultivable land 8%
Fallow land 10%
Land not available for cultivation 14%
the Taluk is 15272 Ha and net sown area is 63744 Ha 14 . The figure shows the land utilisation pattern in Kanakapura Taluk.
Figure 2.18: Land utilization in Kanakapura Taluk. Source: Agricultural census 2005
AGRICULTURAL LAND HOLDINGS IN KANAKAPURA TALUK
Number of holdings
Area (Ha)
44330
20448
19805
18930
14218 7150
4398 314
Marginal farmer land holdings
Small Agricultural land holdings ( 1-2 Ha )
Medium agricultural land holder ( 2-4 Ha)
large agricultural land holder (10 Ha and above)
Figure 2.19: Agricultural Land holdings in Kanakapura Taluk. Source: Agricultural census 2005
14
Agricultural Census 2005
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The figure above shows the agricultural land holdings in Kanakapura Taluk. 43133 Ha is the total land under agricultural land holdings. 10.2% of the land is under large holdings, 43.88% under medium land holdings and rest under marginal farmer held lands. It is noted that the largest proportion of agricultural land falls under small holdings. While 14 Ha is the average size of large land holdings, 2.64 Ha is the average medium holding size and 1.4 is the average plot size for small landholders.
PRINCIPAL CROPS
Kanakapura LPA falls in the eastern dry agricultural zone. It consists of red loamy soil in major areas and clay lateritic soil in other areas. Ragi, Avare, Ground nut and Niger are important Kharif crops in the area. Major Rabi crops are paddy, horse gram, maize and castor. The table below shows the important crop types in each category. Table2.5: Principal crops in Kanakapura Taluk.
CATEGORY
PRINCIPAL CROPS
Principal cereal crops
paddy, jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, wheat
Principal pulses
tur, horse gram, black gram, green gram, avare, cow pea
Principal oil seeds
ground nut, sun flower, castor, sesame, niger seeds etc cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, castor seeds, linseed, soya bean, sun
Principal commercial crops
flower
Principal vegetable crops
tomato, brinjal, beans, cluster beans, onion
Principal horticulture crops
coconut, areca nut, .mango, banana, guava etc
Source: Agricultural census 2005
Table2.6: Production of major crops in Kanakapura Taluk SL
CROP
PRODUCTION (MT)
1
Coconut
631.5
2
Arecanut
130
3
Banana
4
4
Mango
2.1
5
Sapota
2.05
The State and Central Government have signed a MoU for establishment of Agri Export Zones (AEZ) covering gherkins, rose-onion and flowers. Bangalore Rural District including the Taluk is covered under AEZ for gherkins and flowers. The climate of the Taluk suits the cultivation of these commodities.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Source: Agricultural census 2005
Pisciculture is also practiced in small scale in the Taluk. There are about 145 tanks in the Taluk belonging to Panchayat and minor irrigation. There are almost 430 families that depend on pisciculture for their livelihood. The no of beneficiaries in the Taluk under The Mahasasraya Schemeare 17015. There are no fish markets in the Taluk.
SERICULTURE
Sericulture forms an important activity in the Kanakapura LPA as well as in the BMR. Government has set up 10 silk exchanges in the region to facilitate trading of silk. One of the silk exchanges is located in Kanakapura Town. Table 2.7: Sericulture statistics of Kanakapura Taluk Sericulture in Kanakapura Taluk
Statistics
Area under mulberry production ( Ha )
5945.25
Cocoon Production ( in tonnes)
6591.21
No of villages engaged on mulberry
614
No of farmers engaged in occupation
13527
Value of silk produced ( in lakhs)
15315.792
No of cocoon markets in the LPA
1
Source: Ramanagara District book Table 2.8: sericulture programs in Kanakapura Taluk Area
No of farmers under Catalytic Development Program
Kanakapura
1278
No under
of
farmers Vandana
Yojna
Beneficiaries
under
Special component and tribal sub plan.
69
66
Source: Ramanagara District book
The National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC) through CSB and in turn NSSO, in Bangalore and CSR&TI, in Mysore had drawn schemes to identify and support financially and technologically the sericulturists of Kanakapura area. The components are as follows:
15
Ramanagara District Book 2011-2012
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Establishment of Chawki Rearing Centre (CRC) Establishment of Farmers Field School (FFS) and 'on farm' training. To sustain the sericulture industry NRDC proposed the said scheme and implemented it in the Kanakapura Taluk.
The Chawki Rearing Centre has shown improvement in yield and also adoption of better methods of sericulture farming in and around 20 villages of Kanakapura Taluk. The training program to the farmers drawn from the villages is continuing batch wise at CSR&TI, Mysore. The table below shows the infrastructure facilities available in the Taluk for sericulture. Table 2.9: Mulberry and Sericulture Infrastructure in Kanakapura Taluk
Description
Kanakapura Taluk
Chawki Rearing Centres
21
Seeds Storage centres
48
Mulberry cultivated area (Ha)
4551
Cocoon Production (MT)
3896
No. Farmers engaged in this activity
12291
Value of silk produced ( Lakhs)
39
Source: District at a G lance, Bangalore rural, 2004 -05
Kanakapura Taluk is classified in Zone 2 i.e. potential taluks for textile development, under the Karnataka Suvarna Vastra Neethi- 2008-2013 (Textile policy), which entitles it to receive normal incentives for textile development. Hence, sericulture can be developed as a foremost sector using the incentives of this scheme. At present however there exists a cocoon market and an area earmarked for Silk industries in the Kanakapura TMC. Industrial activity is however extremely meagre.
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Plate: Cocoon market in Kanakapura town. Food Park has been proposed at Harohalli by the department of Horticulture/ Food Karnataka Ltd. QUARRYING
Kanakapura is known for its granite quarrying potential and its products are known for their export potential.
SECONDARY SECTOR
Existing Industrial Activities in the LPA is concentrated mainly in the Harohalli region. The KIADB Industrial Estate stage 1 and 2 host a number of small scale and medium scale industries.
TINY AND SSI SECTOR
According to the Industrial Perspective Plan of Kanakapura Taluk, the Taluk has potential for investment of around Rs. 176 crores in 794 units in tiny & SSI sector including services. These units are expected to generate employment opportunities for about 9000 persons. The investment opportunities have been identified mainly in the following relatively more potential sectors:
Precision Engineering & Machine Tools Tourism Printing & Stationery Textiles Plastic & Rubber Agro & Food Based Industries
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Apart from these relatively more potential sectors, there are other segments, which also have potential which include electrical, information technology, construction materials, services, metallurgical, chemicals & pharmaceuticals and other industries have also been identified and presented. DISTRIBUTION OF UNITS & WORKERS IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
310 200 1 0
104
87 15 1
7
17
165
11
1 1
19 4
95
16 32
1
30 11
NO OF UNITS
NO OF WORKERS
Figure 2.20: Distribution of small scale industries in Kanakapura LPA Source: Ramanagara District Book, 2010 -2011
It is evident from records that most of the tiny and SSI units in Kanakapura Taluk have been registered in the District Industries Centre. However, there are few un-registered units in the Taluk. It is estimated that, un-registered units are in the range of 350 to 450 units and are mainly tailoring, carpentry, pottery, bamboo, masonry, jelly crushing units. An estimated investment from these units is in the range of Rs. 350 lakhs to Rs. 400 lakhs. The employment generated from these units is in the range of 1000 to 1100 nos. Details of proposals in the ‘Tiny and SSI Sector’ are given in Annexure 5.
Artisans
There are about 5910 artisans working on different artisans based crafts in the Taluk. The major artisans are tailors, carpenters, Handloom weavers, masons, etc. The details are furnished in the Table.
Table2.10: Artisan Base in the LPA Sl. No. 1.
Category
No. of Artisans
Tailors
2000
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2.
Carpenters
1000
3.
Handloom weavers
1000
4.
Masons
350
5.
Blacksmiths
200
6.
Leather workers
200
7.
Bamboo workers
200
8.
Dhobi
200
9.
Stone crushers
200
10. Others
200
11. Gold smiths
100
12. Potters
100
13. Electricians
60
14. Mat weavers
50
15. TV Repairers
50
Total
5910
Source: DIC, Bangalore (R) Dist.
MEDIUM & LARGE SCALE
The Taluk has potential for investment of the order of Rs.1250 crores in 168 units in Large & Medium Scale. These units are expected to generate employment opportunities for about 50,000 persons. The investment opportunities have been identified mainly in the following relatively more potential sectors:
Information Technology Textiles Precision Engineering & Machine Tools Infrastructure Plastic & Rubber Tourism Construction Materials There exist 4 medium scale industries in the Kanakapura LPA16 at present. Details of proposals for ‘Medium and Small Scale Industries’ is given in Annexure 5.
16
Ramanagara District Book, 2010-2011
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COMMERCE AND RETAIL Trade and commerce is mainly concentrated along the major roads of the town. Dense commercial establishments exist along the NH 209 near the KSRTC bus stand and also along the State Highway in parts. Commercial activities mainly consist of retail activities and few whole sale activities. There exists an Agricultural Produce market along the NH 209 which is a daily market used for exchange of farm produce.
A commercial centre is absent in Kanakapura town.Since Kanakapura is the only town with urban facilities in the LPA; a regional commercial centre should be located which can amalgamate functions of a retail as well as a wholesale market. Table 2.11: Commercial activities in Kanakapura Town SL
MARKET NAME
LOCATION
CHARACTERISTICS
1
City Market
NH 209
Daily Market, mixed goods
2
Minor commercial establishments
SH 3 in parts
Daily Market, mixed goods
3
Agricultural Produce Market
NH 209
Farm produce
Source: Primary Survey
Plate: Commercial Activities in Kanakapura Town
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EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
The District Industries Center (DIC) is conducting self-employment programmes in the Taluk mainly to provide self-employment opportunities to unemployed educated persons. In the recent times, Under PMRY scheme, the number of persons seeking assistance has increased substantially. During the year 2003-04, 237 cases were recommended to Banks, of which only 106 cases were sanctioned.
During 2005-06, 211 persons received assistance out of 439 cases recommended. There is a need to encourage more number of persons to take up self-employment activities under the scheme by increasing the allocation of funds. The details are furnished in the Table
Table2.12: Details of PMRY Scheme Details of PMRY Scheme
Year
Target
No. of cases Recommended to banks
Cases Sanctioned(Nos .)
2003-04
102
237
106
2005-06
401
439
211
Source : DIC, Bangalore (R) Dist. Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna The program was started in 1997 with the objectives of Addressing urban poverty alleviation through gainful employment to the urban unemployed or underemployed poor; Supporting skill development and training to enable the urban poor have access to employment opportunities provided by the market or undertake self-employment and Empowering the community to tackle the issues of urban poverty through suitable self-managed community structures and capacity building programmes17.
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY) has benefitted more than 250 people in the Kanakapura LPA. Almost 125 people are engaged in wage employment and 40 people are self
17
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna Website
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employed. There exist 57 groups who are benefitted under this scheme. 57 women groups have also been taken up by SJSRY. Table2.13: No of people benefitted by Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna Kanakapura Taluk
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY)
Employment Type
Self-employment
No of people in employment program
40
Wage employment 125
Groups
Women groups
57
57
Source: Ramanagara district book, 2011 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims at enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work18. The table below shows a list of benefitted people under MGNREGA. Table2.14: No of people benefitted by MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi national Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme ( MGNREGS)
Kanakapura Taluk No of people in employment program
No of persons/households working
No of families availing 100
under MGNREGS
days of employment
20098
1647
Source: Ramanagara district book ,2011
18
MGNREGA website
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Plate: Work done under MGNREGA scheme. COMPLETED WORKS UNDER MGNREGA IN K AN AK AP U R A T AL U K Water conservationan d water harvesting; 5%
Renovation of traditional water bodies; 3%
Drought proofing; 4% irrigation canals; 2% irrigation facilities; 8%
Flood controll; 33%
land development; 18%
Work related to rural connectivity enhancement,
flood
control,
water conservation and water harvesting,
renovation
of
traditional water bodies, drought proofing,
irrigation
canals,
irrigationfacilities,
land
development have been carried Rural connectivity; 24%
out under the MGNREGA. The other works; 3% Rajiv gandhi Seva Kendra; 0%
table below shows the details of works
complete
in
the
Kanakapura taluk in the financial year 2011-2012. Figure 2.21: Completed works under MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk Source: mgnrega.nic.in; work status report WORK IN-PROGRESS UNDER MGNREGA IN K AN AK AP U R A T AL U K
irrigation canals 1%
land development 11%
irrigation facilities 26%
conservationan d water harvesting 10%
completed under the MGNREGA scheme in Kanakapura Taluk. It can be seen from the figure above that 33% of the completed works
Drought proofing 14% Renovation of traditional water bodies 4% Water
A total of 923 works have been
were flood control works, 24% for
other works 12%
Flood controll 11%
rural
Rural connectivity 10%
connectivity
enhancement
and 18% for land development. Rajiv gandhi Seva Kendra 1%
The
figure
below
shows
the
distribution of „in-progress‟ works in the Taluk.
Figur2.22: Works in-progress under MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk ;Source: mgnrega.nic.in; work status report P a g e | 47
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The figure shows a more uniform distribution of works in the various sectors. Majority of the works are for development of irrigation facilities. Land development, rural connectivity enhancement, flood control, water conservation and water harvesting, drought proofing and renovation of traditional water bodies constituted the other major works.
PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC OFFICES Kanakapura is a class II town so public and semi-public buildings are few and dispersed. The Taluk office forms a central node around which schools, colleges, hospitals and commercial activities are centred. The BWSSB office and the BESCOM electric substation and office are the major public and semi pubic offices in Kanakapura Town.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Banks are important financial institutions that are indispensible for economic growth. Kanakapura has fairly good banking network. There are 21 nationalised banks, 5 grameen banks, one DCC and one KSCARD bank, 22 credit cooperatives and one non-credit cooperative in the LPA.
Fig2.23: Financial Institutions in the LPA BANKS AND COOPERATIVES
No of institutions
25 20 15 10 5 0
Kanakapura taluk
Nationalised banks
Grameen banks
DCC Banks
KSCARD Banks
21
5
1
1
Credit co operative societies 22
Non credit co operative societies 1
Source: Ramanagara District book, 2011
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CREDIT FACILITIES
NABARD, the apex Development Bank, has been preparing District-wise Potential linked Credit plans (PLPs), with a view to bringing about a qualitative improvement in the credit planning exercise undertaken annually by banks.
The Potential Linked Credit Plan looks at the resource endowments of the District, the present stage of development in Agriculture & Rural sectors and estimates the potentials for rural economic activities both in physical and financial terms. It also takes into consideration the present state of the infrastructure of the District, institutional support available, the policy/thrust being given to various sectors of the economy, etc. while estimating the realizable potential for various sectors.
Potential linked plan (PLP), prepared by NABARD for Bangalore Rural District projects a credit requirement of Rs.462.48 crores of which Rs.41.36 crores (9%) were for non farm sector and balance amount for other sectors.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Major strength of Ramanagara District in general, and Kanakapura taluk in particular, is derived from the reputation of Bangalore as a preferred global destination, particularly for hitech, knowledge industries and land-intensive industrial projects. The erstwhile Bangalore houses a substantial percentage of Fortune 500 Companies and other MNCs in diverse sectors such as apparel, automobile, food processing, machine tools, precision engineering, software, IT enabled services, etc. The State Cabinet has approved the Mega Plan envisaged by Bangalore Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (BMRDA) for infrastructure development of Bangalore Urban & Rural and Ramanagara Districts. Some industry groups are expected to be re-located from Bangalore (Urban) to the outskirts. The Mega Plan proposes a network of 8-lane / 6-lane 734 km. roads comprising 284 km. Satellite Towns Ring Road (STRR), 188 km. Intermediate Ring Road (IRR) and 262 km. Radial Roads, to improve connectivity to all the taluks of outer BMR.
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The existing Bangalore –Dindigal Road which passes through the Taluk has been upgraded to National Highway (NH 209) by the National Highway Authority of India and has potential for investment in industry and tourism related projects. The Bangalore International Airport is about 75 km from Kanakapura, is likely to provide a vital link to international destinations enhancing the overall economic development. The existing domestic Airport at HAL, Bangalore is 45 km away. The flow of investment into Bangalore (Urban) will be constrained due to non-availability / expensive land. Ramanagara District will be the emerging investment destination for industrial segments such as pharmaceuticals, automobiles & auto components, aerospace, apparel, food processing, machine tools, floriculture, precision components, tooling, etc., because of the proximity to Bangalore and due to the constraint on the availability of land in Bangalore Urban District. Kanakapura is known for Granite quarrying and processing and the products have export potential. Ramanagara District is covered under Agri Export Zone (AEZ) for gherkins, rose onion and flowers. The climate of the Taluk suits for cultivation of these commodities. Ramanagara District including the Taluk ranks third in milk production in the State. Continuous market availability for milk products in Bangalore Kanakapura Taluk is rich in attractive tourist spots viz, Sangama and Makedatu. Scope for improvements at Sangama and Chunche falls, construction of hanging bridge at Makedatu. Opportunity for attracting investment in good holiday resorts, recreation clubs, hotels, ethnic food courts, community / convention centers, nursing homes etc. Scope for commercial exploitation of biotechnology.
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ISSUES Agriculture is the primary activity in the LPA and the yield is high, but in order to induce population industrial base has to be created. Care has to be taken in the process to conserve precious agricultural land. Industrial activity is concentrated in the Harohalli region while activity in the rest of the LPA is extremely low. Even though earmarked provision for sericulture industries exists in Kanakapura town, its growth and productivity is slow
.
The Kanakapura Town lacks a commercial centre. There is a inadequate power infrastructure in the LPA for large industrial setup. Local entrepreneurship is lagging in the LPA. There is no perennial water source in the LPA. Ground water sources are depleting fast hence water availability is a major constraint of development. Transport infrastructure in the LPA is poor with poor maintenance of major arterial roads.
2.3 HERITAGE AND TOURISM The following table gives a list of tourism spots in the LPA.
HAROHALLI
Table 2.15: List of tourism spots in Harohalli Hobli
GP
Village
Identified cultural sites Anjaneya temple
Doddamuduwadi
Singasandra
Adishakti temple Maramma temple
Harohalli
Anjaneya temple Bandiganahalli
Maramma temple
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Basappa temple Anjeneya temple Dodamuduwadi
Adishakti temple Mugamaramma temple Venugopal temple
Kaggalahalli
Gabbadi Kaval
Sri Maruthi temple Veerabhadra temple Maruthi temple
Mudenahalli
Muguthamma temple Adishakti temple Basaveswar temple (Pyramid spiritual
Hosakote
temple) Muthurayanaswamy temple
Kaggalahalli
Church Bisilmaramma temple Maruthi temple Basaveswara temple
Gabbadi
Gabbalamma temple Maramma temple Basaveswsara temple Maramma temple
Vaderahalli
SidiKambaDoddamma temple Kollapuradamma temple
Dyavasandra
Kolliganahali
Dyavasandra
Maramma temple
ChulaknakereKaval
Baireswara temple (Chulakanabetta)
Hulugondahalli
Basaveswara temple Muthuraya temple, Cave (Hulugavi, Kardigavi)
Yadumodu
Maruthi temple Maramma temple Sri Maruthi temple
Medamaranahalli
Basaveswara temple Arunachala temple (1/1)
Harohalli
Harohalli
Hanuman temple Gopalkrishna temple
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Maramma temple Byrappa temple Marasandra
Hill stations Chulakanabetta Byrappabetta
SATHANUR
Table 2.16: List of tourism spots in Sathanur Hobli
Gram Panchayat
Identified heritage sites
Village Yadugowdanahalli
Basaveswara temple Maruthi temple
Kachavanahalli
Mahadeswara temple Maladevaralinga temple
Arekattedoddi Dalimba
Basaveswara temple
Hosahalli
Anjaneya temple Dandinadevi temple
Kadahalli
Kadahalli
Basaveswara temple Basaveswara temple
Honniganahalli
Uttarayana temple Darga
Sathanur Honniganahalli
Basaveswara temple Saslapura
Maremma temple Valamahadeswara temple Siddapajiswamy Temple
Bommanahalli
Muneswara temple Basaveswara temple Anjaneya temple
Achalu
Thotahalli
Ramadevi temple Kardimaremma temple Muneswara temple
Achalu
Basaveswara temple Gurumalleshana cave
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Narayanaswamy cave Maruthi temple Dhabaleswara temple Maremma temple Ram temple Parangi (British) bungalow Darga Sathnur
Jama masjid
Sathnur
Laxmi temple Siddappaji temple Ashur Khan (Allabigudi) Shanidevar temple Kabbalamma temple Basavanna temple Kabbalu
Kabbal
Basaveswara temple KabbalammaDurga
KASABA
Table 2.17: List of tourism spots in Kasaba Hobli
GP
Village
Budiguppe
Baradanahalli
Identified cultural sites Basaveswara temple Narasimhaswamybetta Someswara temple
Chikkamuduwadi
Chikkamuduwadi
Basaveswara temple Gangaleswara temple
Anjanawadi
Someswara temple
Chakanahalli
Cheeranakoppe
Basaveswara temple
Kallahalli
Aranakuppe
Veerabhadreswara temple
Kasaba
Maramma temple Shivanahalli
Seegekote
Basaveswara temple Anjaneya temple
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Narayanaswamy temple Chikkammana temple Aralalu
Venkataramana temple Mahadeswara temple Veerabhadraswamy temple Anjaneyaswamy temple
Shivanahalli
Kyathammana temple Dabbagulappa temple Venkataramaswamy temple
Hanumanahalli
Maramma temple
Tigalarahalli
Muttappa temple
Thammasandra
Basaveswara temple
Kallahalli
Venkteshwar temple
T.Bekuppe
Chokkasandra
Kalmath cave
Allimaranahalli
Ganalu
Anjaneya temple
Kallahalli
Doddamana temple Tungani
Aralalusandra
Basaveswara temple Masavamma temple Anjaneya temple
Rayasandra
Gavigangadharayya temple Maruthi temple Benati temple Someswara temple Maramma temple
Tungani
Gopalswamy temple Telamangalamma temple Shanimahatma temple Arasamma temple Anganaya temple Basaveshwar temple
Ramapura
Mahadeshwar temple Dandinmaramma temple
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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UTTARAHALLI
Table 2.18: List of tourism spots in Uttarahalli Hobli
GP
Villages
Identified Cultural Heritages Patalammatemple – 19 Anjaneyatemple (GramaTana)
Kaggalipura
Kaggalipura Basaveswaratemple (18) Anjaneyatemple Anjaneyatemple Uttari Basaveswaratemple Venkataramaswamytemple Anjaneyatemple Basavannatemple
Somanahalli
K.Chudahalli
Kabbalammatemple Chellapuradammatemple Marammatemple
Uttarahalli
Jeevalammatemple Anjaneyatemple Nelaguli
Muttalammatemple Siddeswaratemple Anjaneyatemple (GramaTana) Maramma temple
Nettigere Pattaladammatemple Muneswaratemple - 103 Gundanjaneyatemple Ravugodlu Uttarayaswamitemple
Taralu
Somanahalli
Anjaneyatemple
Thattaguppe
CarmelMatheDevalaya (GramaTana)
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KONDHARAMAR TEMPLE
KABALAMMA TEMPLE
KABALAMMA TEMPLE
SANGAM
CHENNEKESAVA TEMPLE
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Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
CHAPTER 3
HOUSING AND URBAN POOR 3.1 HOUSING INTRODUCTION Housing comprises the largest land use component in any urban planning. Further, it is a multifaceted and multi-dimensional activity. Today it is understood that housing transcends much beyond the concept of physical planning parameters and embraces socio-economic components as well. Good housing is linked to good health and nutrition, better employment opportunity, better living and quality of life.
Housing is certainly a basic human need. No single type of housing can serve the varied needs of today‟s diverse households. Whether a home owner or renter, senior citizen, school aged child or disabled adult, all residents need an affordable, comfortable and safe place to live. A place is better to live and work when a variety of appealing and affordable housing options exist.
Affordable housing has a positive impact on educational outcomes, health, and wealth accumulation. Hence housing initiatives must be viewed in the back ground of overall economic development and the needs of the people. The State Housing Policy aims to provide “Affordable Housing for All”. The poorer sections of the society often do not have access to formal land markets and access to financial institutions. Supplementing the condition is the severe mismatch of demand and supply arising from dynamic socio-economic conditions and inadequate land policies which make affordable housing scarce.
Providing housing is not limited to provision of a built structure. The Karnataka Housing and Habitat policy, 2009 therefore advocates a „Habitat‟ approach to housing, which translates into access to basic services such as water, sanitation, clean fuel, electricity, healthcare, education and livelihood. Hence the aspects of water supply, sanitation and waste disposal should be taken into account during spatial planning of residential areas.
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RESIDENTIAL LAND USE IN KANAKAPURA LPA The area under residential land use in the major settlements in the Kanakapura LPA is shown in the table below. The total area under residential Landuse in Kanakapura LPA is 550.87 Ha which is approximately 1.34% of the total area. However, majority of the LPA is undeveloped; hence the developed residential area forms 6.8% of the total developed area.
Table3.1: Existing area under residential land use in major settlements in the Kanakapura LPA Major settlements in Kanakapura LPA
Area under Residential land use (Ha)
Percentage of total land under conurbation limit
Harohalli
172.94
3.78%
Kanakapura TMC
325.91
11.86%
Sathanur
92.31
4.68%
Kaggalipura
132.65
6.17%
Total
550.87
1.34%
Source: Landuse survey HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Household size: Ramanagara District 9+ members 1 member 2 member 3% 5% 11% 6-8 member 17% 3 member 17%
5 member 17% 4 member 30%
It can be seen from the figure that the average household size in the district is 4, represented by 30% of the total households. There are about 17% of 3 members, 6-8 member and 5 member households and 11% of 2 member households. The average household size in the district is 3.72. It can be seen that 63% of the population
have household size of 4 and below, which might be a result of migration in the Bangalore Region from other parts of the state.
Figure3.1: Distribution of Household size in Ramanagara district; Source: Census 2011 P a g e | 59
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Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
NUMBER OF HABITABLE ROOMS
The No of habitable rooms: Ramanagara District Four room Five room Three room 3% 1% 9%
figure
below
shows
the
distribution of houses by no of
Six rooms and above 0%
habitable rooms 1 . It can be seen that majority of the houses (40%)
No exclusive room 21%
are one room houses. 26% of the houses are two room houses while
Two room 26%
9% are three room houses. 21% of the
One room 40%
houses
however
have
no
exclusive rooms. 60% of the population has one or no exclusive rooms, which suggests
low „habitable rooms per person‟. „Habitable rooms per person‟ is an important housing indicator, the present data suggests poor housing condition.
Figure3.2: Distribution of households by habitable room Source: census 2011
FLOOR MATERIAL The distribution of households by
Flooring Material:Ramanagara DISTRICT
flooring material in Ramanagara Mosaic floor tiles 8%
Others 0%
district shows that 68% of the Mud 22%
Wood/bamboo 0%
houses have cement floors, 22%
Burnt stick 1% Stone 1%
Cement 68%
have mud flooring while 8% have mosaic floor tiles. Stone, burnt stick, wood and bamboo constitute minor proportions of the flooring material. Hence majority of the houses are of pukka character.
Figure3.3: Distribution of households by flooring material ; Source: census 2011
1
Census 2011 data was available for Ramanagara District level only
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
WALL MATERIAL
The figure below shows
Wall Material-RAMANAGARA DISTRICT Others 0%
Concrete 5%
Plastic/Polythen e 0%
Grass/Thatch 4%
the
distribution of houses by wall material. It can be seen that 51% of the houses have burnt bricks
Mud/Unburnt brinks 29% Burnt bricks 51%
as wall material while 29% have mud/un-burnt bricks as the wall material. 11% of the houses have
Stone 11%
Wood 0% G.I. sheets/metal/as bestos sheets 0%
walls made of stone
Figure3.4: Distribution of households by wall material
Source: census 2011
ROOF MATERIAL
The major roofing materials in the district are grass/thatch, plastic/polythene, tiles, brick, stone/slate, G.I. sheets/metal/asbestos sheets etc. It can be seen from the figure below that 49% of the houses have Roofing Material-RAMANAGARA DISTRICT Others; 0% Grass/Thatch; 10%
Plastic/Polythen e; 0%
Concrete; 16% G.I. sheets/metal/as bestos sheets; 22%
tiles
materials,
their
while
16%
of
the
roofing
22%
G.I./metal/asbestos
have sheets.
houses
have
concrete roofs, while 10% have grass or thatch. Plastic, stone Tiles; 49%
and slate also constitute the roofing
Stone/slate; 3%
as
material
in
minor
proportion of the houses.
Brick; 0%
Figure3.5: Distribution of households by roofing material Source: census 2011
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AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES
The figure below shows the distribution of houses in Ramanagara district by the availability of facilities. It can be seen that 75.3% of the houses avail bathroom facility, 10.2 have bathroom enclosure without roof and 14.5% have no bathroom. 54.6% of the houses have open drainage, 13.4 % have closed drainage while 32% houses have no drainage facility. Kitchen facility is available for 88.8% of the houses, 7.6% of the houses have no exclusive cooking space while 3.3% cook in open.
AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES IN HOUSEHOLDS: RAMANAGARA DISTRICT 100
no of households
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bathroom RAMANAGARA DISTRICT
Bathroom no enclosure bathroom without roof
75.3
10.2
14.5
closed drainage
open drainage
no drainage
kitchen available
cooking inside house
13.4
54.6
32
88.8
7.6
cooking in no cooking open 3.3
0.3
Figure3.6: Distribution of households by availability of facilities Source: census 2011 HOUSING TYPOLOGY The houses in the LPA are predominantly of permanent nature. Single and double story houses are predominant, though three and four story houses are also frequent in a few pockets. Most of the houses are self-owned plotted developments. The plate below shows the major housing types in the LPA.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
Mud walled thatch roofed
Plotted developments
Mud walled – tile roofed Low rise apartments Mud walled – tin roofed
Plate: Housing types in Kanakapura ORGANISATIONAL SETUP The principal housing supplier in Karnataka is the Department of Housing which consists of three departments through which the various schemes are implemented. The table below shows the institutional setup in the housing sector.
Table3.2: Organizational setup in the housing sector Source: www.housing.kar.nic.in
Departments Department of Housing,
Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing
Govt. of Karnataka
Corporation Ltd (RGRHCL)
Housing Schemes
Rural Ashraya Housing Scheme including Navagrama Housing Scheme and the Pilot
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Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
scheme of GPHP. Urban Ashraya Housing Scheme. Rural and Urban Ashraya Sites Schemes Dr.Ambedkar Housing Scheme Neralina Bhagya Housing for Special occupational groups Gram Panchayat Housing scheme Navagrama Housing Scheme Karnataka Housing Board
“Hundred Housing Schemes” programme
(KHB)
Chief Minister‟s Model town Housing programme Slum Improvement
Karnataka Slum
Site and Services programme
Development Board (KSDB)
Nirmala Jyothi Scheme Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna
HOUSING SCHEMES IN KANAKAPURA LPA ASHRAYA SITES SCHEME AND ASHRAYA HOUSING SCHEME
The Ashraya scheme is a housing scheme introduced by the Govt. of Karnataka to aid people in economically weaker section, in both urban and rural areas to avail improved housing through financial assistance in the form of loans and subsidies. The maximum value for financial assistance including both loan and subsidy is 20,000 in rural areas and 25,000 in urban areas. Under the Ashraya rural housing sites scheme free house sites may be distributed to the houseless beneficiaries of the EWS in rural areas. The tables below shows a list of housing sites allotted and houses constructed under Ashraya scheme in Kanakapura Taluk.
Table3.3: Housing sites allotted under Ashraya Scheme in 2010 -11 Kanakapura Taluk Sites allotted
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
174
119
Others
Total
769
1062
Source: Ramanagara District Book Table3.4: Houses constructed under Ashraya Scheme in 2010 -11 Kanakapura Taluk
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
Others
Total
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Houses
Constructed
Under
Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
Ashraya
Scheme (2010-11)
153
12
452
617
Source: Ramanagara District Book It can be observed that a total of 1062 sites have been allotted under the Ashraya scheme. 174 sites have been allotted to scheduled castes and 119 to scheduled tribes, while the rest have been allotted to other castes. 617 houses have also been constructed under these schemes. 153 houses have been for scheduled castes, 12 for scheduled tribes and 452 for others.
INDIRA AWAS YOJANA
Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Rural Development to provide houses to the poor in the rural areas. The objective of the Indira Awaas Yojana is primarily to help construction/up gradation of dwelling units of members of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers, minorities in the below poverty line category and other below poverty line nonSC/ST rural households by providing them a lump sum financial assistance.
Table: Houses constructed under IAY in 2010 -2011 Source3.5: Ramanagara district book Kanakapura Taluk Houses constructed under IAY in Kanakapura Taluk
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
487
133
Others
Total
428
1068
DR. B.R.AMBEDKAR SCHEME
Ambedkar Housing scheme is an initiative for providing housing to the economically weaker section and the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in rural areas. Under this scheme a maximum financial assistance of 20,000 may be provided for construction of houses.
Table3.6: Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010 -2011
Houses
Constructed
B.R.Ambedkar Scheme
Under
Scheduled Caste
Scheduled Tribe
Total
45
7
52
Source: Ramanagara district book P a g e | 65
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SPECIAL HOUSING SCHEME FOR FISHERMEN Houses have also been constructed under ‘Special Housing Scheme for Fishermen’ in the LPA. A total of 4 units have been constructed according to government data , hence it can be assumed that the impact of the scheme in the LPA is considerably low.
Table3.7: Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010 -2011 Kanakapura Taluk Houses Constructed Under Special Scheme For Fishermen
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
2
2
Total
4
Source: Ramanagara district book INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
The basic objective of Integrated Housing and Slum Development programme is the holistic slum development with a healthy and enabling urban environment by providing adequate shelter and basic infrastructure facilities to the slum dwellers who do not possess adequate shelter and reside in dilapidated conditions as identified by the Urban Local Body.
Table3.8: Features of IHSDP Housing
Physical Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
• Water Supply
Component
Only in-situ housing provision of 25
• Roads
sq. m
• Drains
•
plinth area with two rooms, kitchen
• Community Toilet
Kendra
and toilet at a cost of Rs.80,000/-
• Community Bath
• Community Centre
per unit
• Street Light
Community
Seva
• SWM It was decided that 20% beneficiary Contribution
contribution to be considered for all
20% contribution from
categories of population of all the
state /ULB
20% contribution from state /ULB
towns.
The sharing of fund between Central Government and State Government/ ULB/ Parastatal is 80:20. Under the ISHDP scheme, 720 units have been constructed in Kanakapura LPA.
Table3.9: houses Constructed under IHSDP Town
No of units
Kanakapura
727
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3.2 HOUSING SHORTAGE The total no of census houses in Ramanagara district is 3,51,784 out of which 33,840 are vacant and 3,17,944 are occupied. The total population of Ramanagara district is 10,82,739 2. The number of households in the district is 2,35,378 3. It can be seen that housing shortage does not exist in terms of number of houses as per census data of Ramanagara District; hence primary housing survey is required to estimate the housing shortage in the LPA. However, census data suggests that the „housing indicators‟ performance (facilities in dwelling unit, no of habitable rooms per person‟) in the LPA is poor, implying poor condition and congestion in dwelling unit which is an indicator of housing shortage. There is an increasing trend of township development in the LPA. Private developers have entered the housing market with elaborate housing schemes. Residential townships are presently under construction near Kaggalipura and Harohalli in properties abutting the NH 2094. Needless to say, industrial development and proximity to Bangalore will increase population in the LPA and would augment the current trend of residential township development.
Plate: Upcoming housing projects in Kanakapura LPA
3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS The total slum area in the Kanakapura LPA is 16 Acres and 31 gunta. There are 13 slums in total out of which only 8 are registered. The ownership and the details of the declared slums are specified in the table below.
2
Census 2011, source – census2011.co.in Assuming a household size of 4.6 for Karnataka according to National Health Survey 2007 4 Primary Survey 3
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Table3.10: Declared slums in Kanakapura TMC Slum
Ward No
Status
Population
1. Kurupete
21
Declared
551
2. Budhigere
1
Declared
250
Declared
394
3. Kotehalla 4. Maharaja Katte
16
Declared
370
5. Mele Kote - Vinayaka Nagar
12
Declared
510
Declared
614
Declared
352
Declared
610
6. Jaya Prakash Nagar 7. Behind KSRTC Bus Stop
1
8. Megalu Harijana Colony 9. Degulamatha Road
1
Identified
350
10. Ajeez Nagar
16
Identified
2950
11. Behind IPP Hospital
10
Identified
1700
12. Indira Nagar
16
Identified
1350
13. Thotihola
16
Identified
435
TOTAL
10436
Source: Ramanagara District Book, 2010-2011
Plate: Kurupete slum, Kanakapura Town
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ISSUES 1. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR INDUCED POPULATION: Induced population constitute a major proportion of the future population of the LPA. As such, the present housing supply is inadequate for the future growth scenario.
2. CONDITION OF DWELLING UNITS: Condition of dwelling unit is poor in many parts of the LPA. As such they would not contribute to the housing stock in future. 3. Low „habitable rooms per person‟ in the LPA suggesting housing shortage.
4. SLUM IMPROVEMENT: Slum Improvement Schemes have to be introduced in the LPA to recognise the slums and provide for their upgradation.
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Chapter 4 : Existing landuse and Transportation
CHAPTER 4
EXISTING LANDUSE AND TRANSPORTATION 4.1 EXISTING LAND UTILISATION The Kanakapura LPA is comprised of part of the Kanakapura Taluk and the Bangalore South Taluk. It is a part of the Ramanagara district. The major growth nodes in the LPA are Kanakapura town, which is a class III census town, Harohalli which has been identified as an industrial growth node due to its spatial proximity to Bidadi and Ramanagaram town, Sathanur which has been identified as a potential growth centre and is the location of the upcoming township and Kaggalipura in the north, which has the potential of being developed into the fourth node in the LPA. Besides these nodes the rest of the LPA has sparse development, as their economic mainstay is agriculture.
Tables below show the existing land utilisation and landuse in the LPA.
Table 4.1: Existing land utilization in the LPA, 2012 AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
DEVELOPED/BUILT UP AREA
2565.92
25.66
6.22%
AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES FOREST TOTAL
36517.12 1249.86 945.10 41278
365.17 12.50 9.45 412.78
88.47% 3.03% 2.29% 100.00%
LANDUSE
Table 4.1 A: Existing land use in the LPA, 2012 LANDUSE RESIDENTIAL(including Gramthana) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PARK & OPEN SPACE PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION VACANT LAND SUB TOTAL AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES FOREST GRAND TOTAL
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
2299.52
23.00
89.62%
21.95 11.64 59.71 13.82 48.64 105.13
0.22 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.49 1.05
0.86% 0.45% 2.33% 0.54% 1.90% 4.10%
5.51 2565.92 36517.12 1249.86 945.10
0.06 25.66
0.21% 100%
365.17 12.50 9.45 412.78
-
41278
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EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: KANAKAPURA TOWN The total area of the Kanakapura Town developed area is 3.13 sqkm. The table below shows the existing land use of Kanakapura is shown in the table below.
Table4.2: Existing Land use distribution in Kanakapura Town, 2012 LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
216.31
2.16
68.90%
COMMERCIAL
14.92
0.14
4.75%
INDUSTRIAL
2.21
0.02
0.70%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
22.44
0.22
7.15%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
5.58
0.05
1.78%
PUBLIC UTILITY
8.43
0.08
2.69%
TRANSPORTATION
43.83
0.43
13.96%
VACANT LAND
0.21
0.02
0.07%
313.94
3.13
100%
GRAND TOTAL
Residential land use
The Residential area contributes to around 68.90 per cent of the developed area. These are mainly concentrated in wards 3 to 9. The older areas have higher density when compared to the new extensions. These wards have organic growth pattern with irregular plot sizes and irregular pattern of roads. The newer extension shows a regular grid iron pattern of growth. Commercial Land Use The Commercial area is only 4.75 per cent of Kanakapura; commercial activities are along the NH and SH passing through the town. These commercial establishments cater to the day to day needs of
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Chapter 4 : Existing landuse and Transportation
the people and mostly consist of petty shops. Other daily commercial setups are distributed sparsely in various wards. Most of the main roads have developed mixed land use. Industrial Land use There is negligible (less than 1 per cent) industrial area in the town. This mostly includes the silk industries, small scale industrial layout and granite industry. These are distributed along some main roads of the town. Public and semi-public Land use Around 7.15 per cent of the area belongs to Public & Semi Public use, which mostly consists of schools, rural college, temples, hospital and government department buildings. Most of the buildings are located along the East-West axis abutting the main roads in the central portion of the town. Smaller areas of public and semi-public use are found all along the residential areas in the form of schools and temples.
Parks/Playgrounds/Open Spaces Parks, Playgrounds & Open spaces is around 1.78percent of the total area. There are no organized parks in Kanakapura. Hence the playgrounds and open spaces some of which are burial ground contribute to the area. The area under play grounds is bare minimum. The old areas having high density do not have lung spaces. Incidental open spaces are found due to the irregular growth pattern of the town. Utilities and services Utilities and Services include water tank area, substation, etc., contributing to 2.69 per cent of the town area. Traffic and transportation The area under this land use accounts to 13.96percent of the total area of the town. The NH 209 and SH 92 form the main connectivity to the town. The road pattern shows a hierarchy of road widths varying from less than 3m lanes to 9m cross roads and 12m main roads. The condition of the roads in the old parts of the town is moderate. The location of the bus depot/terminal adds to the congestion along the road. The NH and SH have high mixed traffic flow.
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EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: HAROHALLI Harohalli is a village in the Kanakapura LPA, has a population of 12988 persons as per census 2011. The land use distribution is shown in the table below:
Table4.3: Existing Land use distribution in Harohalli, 2012 LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
74.91
0.74
69.13%
COMMERCIAL
3.60
0.03
3.32%
INDUSTRIAL
4.91
0.049
4.53%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
4.98
0.049
4.60%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
1.54
0.015
1.42%
PUBLIC UTILITY
0.00
0
0%
TRANSPORTATION
18.42
0.18
17.00%
VACANT LAND
0.00
0
0%
108.37
1.08
100%
GRAND TOTAL
Residential The above table indicates the existing land use of Harohalli conurbation area in Kanakapura LPA. Out of the total area in Harohalli, residential forms the major land use and accounts to about 69.13 percent of the total area. Transportation 17% of the land comes under traffic and transportation. The major connectivity is through the NH 209. The road widths vary according to the levels of accessibility. The KSRTC bus stand is located at the critical junction of the NH 209 and Maralwadi-Anekal road. Public and Semi Public 4.60% of the land is under Public and Semi Public use and is located along the NH 209. This land use consists of government schools, hospitals, religious buildings, hostel and gram Panchayat offices and related buildings.
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Commercial Commercial accounts for 3.32% of the total land use and most of them are daily commercials in the form of petty shops. These are mainly distributed linearly along the State Highway and the Maralwadi – Anekal road. Parks and open spaces The land under parks, playgrounds and open spaces accounts to 1.42%. Harohalli village does not have any type of organized parks or open spaces.
EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: SATHANUR Sathanur conurbation area has a population of 4698 as per census 2011 and an area of 72.27 hectares. The land use distribution is shown in the table and figure below.
Table4.4:Existing Land use pattern Sathanur, 2012 LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
47.86
0.48
66.22%
COMMERCIAL
1.43
0.14
1.98%
INDUSTRIAL
0.15
0.01
0.21%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
9.81
0.09
13.58%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
1.44
0.014
1.99%
PUBLIC UTILITY
0
0
0%
TRANSPORTATION
11.57
0.11
16.01%
VACANT LAND
0
0
0%
72.27
0.72
100%
GRAND TOTAL
The figure indicates the existing land use of Sathanur village. Out of the total area, 66.22% of land use is under Residential. The residential density is very low and the households are sparsely
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distributed. Parks, Playgrounds and open spaces account for 1.99% of the total land use. These are located next to the public and semi-public uses. 16.01% of land is under Transportation and 13.58 % of land is under Public and semi-public use, mostly concentrated along the south eastern end of the village. The public buildings include schools, PHC, religious buildings and government offices.
EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: KAGGALIPURA Kaggalipura has a population of 12070 as per census 2011 and a developed area of 185.71 hectares. The table below shows the distribution of land use in Kaggalipura.
Table 4.5: Existing Land use distribution in Kaggalipura, 2012
LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
74.80
0.74
40.28%
COMMERCIAL
2.00
0.02
1.07%
INDUSTRIAL
4.37
0.04
2.35%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
22.48
0.22
12.10%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
5.26
0.05
2.83%
PUBLIC UTILITY
40.21
0.40
21.65%
TRANSPORTATION
31.31
0.31
16.86%
VACANT LAND
5.30
0.05
2.85%
185.71
1.85
100%
GRAND TOTAL
The pie diagram indicates the existing land use of Kaggalipura village. Out of the total area, 40.28% of land is under Residential land use. The residential density is very low and the households are sparsely distributed. Parks, playgrounds and open spaces account for 2.83% of the total land use. 16.86% of land is under transportation and 12.10% of land is under public and semi-public mostly distributed linearly along the Kanakapura Bangalore road passing through the village. These public
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buildings include schools, PHCs, religious buildings and Government offices. Commercial accounts to 1.07% of the total developed area located along the Kanakapura road.
LAND OWNERSHIP PATTERN IN THE LPA The total area of the Kanakapura LPA is 412 sq km or 101270 Acres approximately. The total govt. land ownership is 19603 Acres. The distribution of government and private land in the LPA is shown below.
Land ownership in the LPA
total govt land; 19%
total private land; 81%
Figure4.1: Land ownership in the LPA. Source: Ramanagara District handbook
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4.2 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION: INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the transportation scenario in Kanakapura Local Planning Area. Key issues like road network and its characteristics, impact of enhanced regional connectivity due to formation of the STRR, PRR, ITRR, its potentials and drawbacks have been discussed here. 2.23%of the total area in the LPA is devoted to transportation.
REGIONAL LINKAGES ROAD LINKAGE
The Kanakapura LPA is well connected to the various urban centres of the region. It is intercepted by the NH 209 which connects Bangalore to Mysore. Traffic volume on this road is low as major traffic in the Bangalore-Mysore corridor flows through SH 17 (Mysore road). The PRR, the STRR and the IRR are proposed regional roads that pass through the LPA. The PRR is the northernmost road in the LPA which connects to NICE corridor in the north-west and the Bannerghatta Main Road in the east. The IRR connects Harohalli to Bidadi in the west and Anekal in the east. The STRR connects Kanakapura town with Ramanagaram town in the west and Anekal in the east.
LINKAGE OF IMPORTANT GROWTH NODES IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA: HAROHALLI
Harohalli is intercepted by NH209, which connects the town to Bangalore in north and Kanakapura in the south. Harohalli is connected to Bidadi by a regional road, which joins the Mysore Road (SH 17) near Bidadi town. The Anekal-Harohalli road connects it to Anekal town in the east. The Maralwadi road is another regional road in the town that connects Harohalli to Dhodda Maralwadi.
LINKAGE OF IMPORTANT GROWTH NODES IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA: KANAKAPURA TOWN
Kanakapura town is a class III census town. It is intercepted by the NH 209 which connects the town to Harohalli in the north and Sathanur in the south. The SH 3 connects Kanakapura to Ramanagara in the west and Hunasanahalli in the east. The SH-92 (Kanakapura-Sangam road) is another important regional road.
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LINKAGE OF IMPORTANT GROWTH NODES IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA: SATHANUR
Sathanur is a village that lies in the southern end of the LPA. The NH 209 connects it to Kanakapura in the north and Malavalli in the south. Sathanur is connected to Channapatna in the north and to Cauvery river valley and the elephant corridor in the south.
4.3 RAIL LINKAGE
There is no rail linkage at present in the LPA. The draft RSP 2031 however proposed a railway corridor in the region, connecting Sathanur, Kanakapura and Harohalli with Bangalore.
SEAPORT
The nearest seaport is at Mangalore, which is about 380 km and Chennai Seaport is around 415 km from Kanakapura Town. The existing Mangalore Port is an all-weather port-providing gateway for exports & import trade throughout the year.
AIRPORT
The nearest airport at present is the Bengaluru International Airport, Bangalore at a distance of about 90 kms from Kanakapura Town.
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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN KANAKAPURA LPA BUS TRANSPORT SERVICE
Major travel demand between Bangalore and Kanakapura is catered by KSRTC buses which forms the major mode of transport in the LPA. KSRTC bus stands are located in Kanakapura town, Harohalli and Sathanur. Private bus service is also present in Kanakapura Town and Harohalli connecting the villages and towns of the LPA with Bangalore.
Plate 7.1: KSRTC bus stand in Kanakapura PARATRANSIT SERVICE
Para-transit or Intermediate-transit service like Auto-rickshaw service exists in Kanakapura Town and Harohalli. Both intra-settlement and inter-settlement service is available. Organised auto stand is located in Kanakapura town beside the KSRTC bus stand.
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ROAD NETWORK AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS The total area under the Kanakapura LPA is 412 sqkm. The total area under traffic and transportation landuse is 2.23%. The table below gives a list of major road categories in the LPA.
Table4.6: Road category in Kanakapura Taluk
Sl
ROAD CATEGORY
ROAD LENGTH
MAINTAINED BY
1
National Highway
47
PWD
2
State Highway
78.5
PWD
3
Major District Roads
505.35
PWD
4
Other district roads
785.4
PWD
5
Forest roads
21
FOREST DEPT
Source: PWD, Forest Dept Kaggalipura
The National Highway (NH) 209 runs from north to south forming the major arterial road in the transport network in the LPA. The Bannerghatta Road is a major regional road that originates in Kaggalipura and connects the town to Bangalore in the east. The Agara main Road connects the town to Dinnepalya and further west. Local roads form the rest of the road network in the town.
Table4.7: Road inventory, Kaggalipura town Sl
Name of road
Hierarchy
RoW (ft)
Carriag
Metalled/
eway
Non-
(ft)
metalled
No of
Street
lanes
Lights
Foo Median
tpat h
Yes 1
NH 209
NH
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
(within municip
No
al limits) 2
Bannerghatta
Arterial
Road
Road
30
21
Metalled
2
Partial
No
No
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3
Agara Main
Sub-
Road
arterial
Chapter 4 : Existing landuse and Transportation
30
15
Partially Metalled
2
No
No
No
Source: Primary Survey
Plate7.3: Road condition in Kaggalipura
Harohalli
The National Highway running North-South forms the arterial road in Harohalli town. The AnekalBidadi road forms a major link in east-west connectivity, connecting Anekal in the east and Bidadi in the west. Local streets form the rest of the road network in the town.
Table 4.8: Road inventory, Harohalli town Sl
Name of road
Hierarchy
RoW
Carriageway
(ft)
(ft)
Metalled/ Nonmetalled
No of
Street
lanes
Lights
Median
Foot path
Yes 1
NH 209
NH
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
(within municipal
No
limits) Anekal2
Bidadi
Arterial
35
24
Metalled
2
Partial
No
No
Road
Source: Primary Survey
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Plate7.4: Road condition in Harohalli Kanakapura
Road network inventory has been carried along the major roads in the Kanakapura Town. After an initial reconnaissance survey, the following roads have been shortlisted as major roads in the town. All major roads are metalled and all roads besides the national Highway consist of two lanes. Median is present on the National Highway within the municipal limits. Streetlights are present in almost all major roads. Footpath is not present in any of the major roads in the town. The table below lists out the inventory of the major roads in the LPA.
Table 4.9: Road inventory, Kanakapura town Source: Primary Survey
Sl
Name of
Hierarch
RoW
road
y
(ft)
Carriagewa
Metalled/
y
Non-
(ft)
metalled
No of
Street
lanes
Lights
Median
Footpath
Yes 1
NH 209
National Highway
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
(within municipal
No
limits) 2
3
SH 3 NH-SH link road
SH
24
20
Metalled
2
Yes
No
No
Collector
26
20
Metalled
2
Yes
No
No
Collector
24
18
Metalled
2
Yes
No
No
Kanakapura 4
- Malagalu Rd
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Plate7.5: Road condition in Kanakapura Sathanur
The major roads in Sathanur besides the NH 209 is the Sathanur Channapatna Road which connects Channapatna to Sathanur and the Sathanur-Muthathi Road which connects Sathanur to the Cauvery river valley and the „Elephant Corridor‟ in the south. The Road network in Sathanur is composed mainly of local roads. The inventory of major roads is listed in the table below.
Table 4.10: Road inventory, Sathanur town
Sl
Name of
Hierarch
RoW
road
y
(ft)
Carriag
Metalled/
eway
Non-
(ft)
metalled
No of
Street
Media
Footpat
lanes
Lights
n
h
Yes (within 1
NH 209
NH
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
munici
No
pal limits) Sathanur2
Muthathi
Arterial
21
18
Metalled
2
No
No
No
Arterial
36
14
Metalled
2
No
No
No
Road 3
SathanurChannapatna
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CONNECTIVITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND ROAD DENSITY The connectivity of the region is measured in terms of length of roads in km per sq km of area. The road density of the Planning area is 0.948 km per sq. km of area, compared to the national value of .115 km of road per Sqkm1.
The World Bank report for Rural accessibility index says Rural access is measured in terms of no of people within 2kms (walking distance of 20-25 min) of an all-weather road as a percentage of the total rural population. An “all-weather road” is a road that is accessible all year round by the prevailing means of rural transport (typically a pick-up or a truck which does not have four-wheel-drive). Occasional interruptions of short duration during inclement weather (e.g., heavy rainfall) are accepted, particularly on lightly trafficked roads. “The relationship between transport and poverty reduction is neither straightforward nor automatic. However it is apparent that improvements in transport have the greatest impact on poor people when made in concert with activities in other sectors. It is similarly apparent that development in other sectors will be hampered without attention to transport issues.”
Accessibility in urban areas can also be defined in terms of kilometres of road length per 1000 people. As per data, the accessibility index for Kanakapura Taluk is 4.47 km per 1000 population.
TRIP CHARACTERISTICS There is no defined Central Business District or Commercial Area in the Kanakapura Town, though commercial activities are concentrated mainly along the National Highway and the State Highway. More over the entire town has a predominant residential land use. So deriving specific trip directions is not possible. However, the KSRTC bus stand can be considered as the origin and destination of major outstation trips in the peak hours.
1
(*Source World Bank report: India, Transport at a glance)
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VEHICULAR GROWTH PATTERN As per Ramanagara district statistics 2010-2011, there are approximately 23,000 registered vehicles in Kanakapura Taluk. The table below shows the vehicular statistics of Kanakapura Taluk. The figure below shows the share of the vehicle types in the Taluk.
Table4.11: Vehicle distribution in Kanakapura Taluk SL
CATEGORY
NO OF VEHICLES
1
Goods Vehicles
1423
2
Buses
39
3
Motor Cabs
219
4
Maxi Cabs
197
5
Three Seated Vehicles
880
6
Four To Six Seated Vehicles
987
7
Two Wheelers
14212
8
Cars
2239
9
Jeeps
3
10
Omni Bus
45
11
Tractors
1251
12
Trailers
1237
13
Ambulance
1
14
Others
275
TOTAL
23008
Source: RTO
It can be seen from the figure below that, two wheelers constitute the largest share of the vehicles in the Taluk followed by four wheelers.
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Vehicles in Kanakapura
Goods vehicles Buses motor cabs
0% 1% 1%
0% 1% 0% 0%
6%
5%
maxi cabs
6%
three seated vehicles
4% 4%
10%
four to six seated vehicles two wheelers cars jeeps omni bus tractors
62% trailers ambulance others
Figure4.2: Vehicles in Kanakapura Taluk Source: RTO
FREIGHT MOVEMENT The KIADB industrial estate is the major industrial area in the Kanakapura LPA. Since the National Highway 209 is the primary regional linkage, it forms the major corridor of freight movement. Phase 1 and 2 of the Industrial Estate has been commissioned presently and occupancy of the plots is presently low2, hence the impact of freight movement on the traffic flow is not visible presently. However, with increase in the number of industries in Harohalli and development of Harohalli-Bidadi Industrial corridor, a separate freight route would be necessary, especially around the Kanakapura Town, which sees heavy traffic on the NH 209.
2
Primary Survey observation
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MAJOR ISSUES
Road hierarchy is non-existent in the road network of Kanakapura Town. As such all major traffic flows through the NH 209 and SH 3. Proper segregation of intra-settlement and intersettlement traffic is essential to ensure unhindered flow to regional traffic.
Regional Freight route originating in the industrial areas should be delineated to avoid conflict with normal traffic flow.
On street parking of two wheelers and four wheelers on NH 209, SH 3 and other major roads cause hindrance to regional traffic flow. Adequate parking facility should be provided in the commercial areas.
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Plate 7.6: Issues in LPA: Parking situation in commercial areas, inadequate road width
The regional roads in the LPA – SH3, Bannerghatta main Road, and Anekal-Bidadi Road have inadequate carriageway width and are ill maintained3. Initiative should be taken to improve the existing regional linkages of the LPA.
The National Highway has given rise to major commercial activities in the adjacent properties in Kanakapura Town. Pedestrian-vehicular traffic movement conflict is hence a major problem. Footpaths and adequate pedestrian transfer facilities are required in the areas.
3
Primary Survey observation
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CHAPTER 5
INFRASTRUCTURE 5.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE WATER SUPPLY Water supply is related to the main themes in the development agenda – poverty alleviation, environment protection, private sector led growth, participatory development and good governance. The growth process and the expansion of economic activities inevitably lead to increasing demands for water for diverse purposes of which drinking and domestic needs attains paramount importance. However this essential commodity for sustenance of life is not adequately available to a large number of people especially in the rural areas and even in parts of urban settlements. Domestic and industrial water needs have largely been concentrated in and around principal cities but with steep population hike, demand for water is increasing at a superfast pace. As a result water, which is already a scarce commodity, is going to become a scarcer commodity in future. Water quality deterioration has also set in and maintaining water quality is a foremost requirement. It is one of the most crucial elements in planning. Efforts to develop, conserve, utilize and manage this immensely important resource have to be whole heartedly made keeping the National perspectives in view. AT the same time a strong database needs to be prepared to monitor and integrate the water based activities like city planning, industrial planning and development etc. Serious wastage of water, water loss in transmission, wastage by public are also issues that need to be addressed.
SITUATION APPRAISAL: RAMANAGARA DISTRICT The figure below shows the distribution of households in Ramanagara district by the source of drinking water. According to census 2011, 80% of the households are supplied by tap water and 16% by tube wells. Smaller number of households is supplied by wells (0.7%), hand pumps (1.6%) and spring water (0.1%).
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AVAILABILITY OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE Tap-From Treated Source Tap- From Untreated source WELL- covered WELL – uncovered Handpump Tube well Spring River, canal Tanks, pond, Lake Any other source
Figure5.1: Distribution of households by availability of drinking water source; Source: HH series data, census 2011
LOCATION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE
It can also be seen from the figure AWAY 14%
above that only 29% of the households WITHIN THE PREMISES 29%
have a drinking water source in the house
premises.
Majority
of
the
households (57%) avail drinking water NEAR THE PREMISES 57%
from a source near premises, while 14% of the households avail water from a source away from premise.
Figure 5.2: Distribution of households by location of drinking water source; Source: HH series data, census 2011
SOURCE: URBAN AREAS
BWSSB supplies water to Kanakapura Town along with Bangalore. Hence there are no town level pumping, distribution and treatment facilities for the surface water source. Cauvery is the surface
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water source to the LPA. The surface sourceis Cauvery River at a distance of 10km from the town. An average of2.5 MLD of water is drawn from thesource through BWSSB pipelines.
SOI maps followed by field observations supplemented by WRDO reports, indicates that there exists many lakes and tanks network systems in the conurbation area and neighbouring villages. The ground water source includes134 borewells out of which 74 borewells are fitted with power pumpand the remaining bore wells arefitted with handpumps. A total of 1.5MLD of water is extracted from borewell sources. The present water supply to thetown is 4.8 MLD 1with per capita rate of water supply being 75-80 lpcd.
Table 5.1: Water supply source for Kanakapura TMC SL
SOURCE OF WATER
YEILD
1
Cauvery River
2.5 MLD
2
Ground Water Source
1.5 MLD
Source: CIP for Kanakapura TMC, 2007
WATER SUPPLY NORMS PRESCRIBED BY CPHEEO
The per capita domestic requirements as per norms prescribed by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development, and Govt. of India are as under:
Table 5.2: Water Supply standards CPHEEO Sl
Category
1
Towns provided with piped supply but without sewerage system
Norms for W/S (litres per capita per day)
70
Cities provided with piped supply for which sewerage system is 2
existing/ contemplated
135
Metropolitan and Mega cities provided with piped water supply 3
where sewerage system is existing / contemplated
150
1
Kanakapura Town Municipal Council website: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in
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DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA
The present water demand in the Kanakapura LPA has been calculated as follows:
Table 5.3: Present Domestic water requirement in Kanakapura LPA SL
AREA
POPULATION
PER CAPITA WATER CONSUMPTION PER DAY (litres)
WATER DEMAND (MLD)
1
Kanakapura TMC
54021
135
7.3
2
Villages in LPA
126916
55
2
6.9
TOTAL
14.27
The domestic water requirement of the Kanakapura TMC @ 135 lpcd is calculated to be 7.3 million litres per day, while that of the villages is 6.9 million litres per day.
GAP IN DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY The present supply of water in Kanakapura town is 4.8 MLD while the present demand calculated according to CPHEEO norms is 7.3 MLD. As such there is a deficit in supply
DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY GAP IN KANAKAPURA TMC 2011 8 7 6 5 4
VOLUME (Mld)
3 2 1 0 PRESENT DEMAND
PRESENT SUPPLY
Fig5.3: Domestic Water Supply Gap in Kanakapura LPA
2
CPHEEO norms
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INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
724 acres of industrial area have been proposed in the Landuse Plan of the LPA. According to the Industrial Perspective Plan, 794 Tiny and SSI Units have been proposed and 168 Large and Medium Industries have been planned. The water requirement is calculated (from existing supply at Bidadi cluster) to be 3.3 MLD for the industrial area,
WATER TREATMENT AND TRANSMISSION: URBAN AREAS
There is no water treatment plant in Kanakapura Town. The head works are located at Jakkegowdnadoddi constructed on banks of River Cauvery at a distance of about 10 KM from the town. The town doesnot have separate town level water pumping and raw water storage system for the surface water source.The BWSSB which provides water to Bangalore city also provideswater to the Kanakapura town. The treated water is distributed through the BWSSBpipelines to the service reservoirs.The borewell water is pumped by pumping stations located at Malagala road and Rural police station. The pump house at Malagala road is situated on the banks of Arkavati River. It pumps water from 3 borewells and supplies to a 75 KL sump.From there it is pumped to OHT at Chamundeshwara choultry using submersible25HP pump with 100% standby. The pump house at rural police station also has asump of 75KL and pumps water from 3 borewells by 25 HP pump with 100% standby. It is further pumped to the service reservoir.
EXISTING STORAGE CAPACITY: KANAKAPURA
There are 4 Over Head Tanks (OHTs) and 2 Ground Level Storage Reservoirs (GLSR) in the town. The total storage capacity of the reservoirs in the town is 3.05ML (2.45 ML in OHT and 1.5ML in the GLSR). The details of the service reservoirs in the town are listed in the table below.
Table 5.4: Details of existing storage reservoirs SL
LOCATION of OHT
CAPACITY (in Lakh Litres)
OHT 1
Near rural police station / Raghavendra tent house
10.00
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2
Near IB
10.00
3
Near rural police stn / Raghavendra tent house
4.50
4
Chamundershwari choultry
4.50
GLSR 1
Malagala pump house
0.75
2
Near rural police stn / Raghavendra tent house
0.75
TOTAL
30.5
Source: CIP for Kanakapura TMC
WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE: KANAKAPURA TOWN
The total length of existing distribution network in the city is 50 km. The distribution network coverage is 75% with comparison to existing road length of 67 km. The status of water supply in Kanakapura Town is shown in the table below:
Table5.5: Municipal water supply source in Kanakapura Town Source of Water
No of existing units
No of bore wells fitted with hand pumps
54
No of bore well with power pump
89
No of domestic water supply connections
5159
No of commercial water supply connections
151
No of public taps
1563
Source: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in
WATER SOURCE: VILLAGES
Surface water, tanks and ground water are the primary sources of drinking water in rural Kanakapura. The Major and Medium irrigation projects are potential sources for drinking water supplies in their respective command areas. Cauvery if the major source of drinking water in the urban areas though
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rural areas are excluded from its coverage. There is a recorded history of providing priority to tank development in each village. They were primarily meant for irrigation and as a source of drinking water. Their development was mostly done on a aquifer basis and was in a networked and cascading manner i.e. over-flow of upper (higher elevation) tank used to reach the next tank and so on until the last tank (lower most elevation) was filled. Their capacity was decided more on the basis of local needs. Geology and soil type make ground water recharge favourable in the LPA. Hence ground water is a major source of drinking water.
WATER QUALITY
With increasing industrialization, urbanization and deforestation, the quality of water resources available to mankind is deteriorating day by day. The supply of drinking water in terms of both quality and quantity is a major concern now. Out of many chemical and biological contaminants in drinking water, excess Fluoride and arsenic are of the utmost concern due to their serious health impacts. The study conducted by Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission during 1990-1992 has reported 15 States (including Karnataka) endemic for the Fluorosis. Therefore, effective surveillance and monitoring of water quality becomes very important in the state of Karnataka.
The quality of drinking water affects health of the consumers because certain bacteria and microbial diseases, toxic chemical compounds etc. can be transmitted to the human body through water. Experience has shown that community health and water quality is directly related to each other and that an improvement in the quality of drinking water supply is followed by an improvement in community's health. The „Karnataka Ground Water Quality Data‟ report3 says that out of 612 villages in the Kanakapura Taluk, 16 villages were affected with excess fluoride in drinking water while 4 villages were affected with excess Iron.
ISSUES
1. The per capita water supplied to Kanakapura Town at present is 75-80 lpcd, which is considerably lower than the 135 lpcd stipulated by the CPHEEO norms. As such there is water scarcity in the LPA. The gap between supply and demand would increase in future as shown in figure 9.3. 3
Prepared by Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency
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2. At present only 75% of the Kanakapura TMC is covered by the water supply network, whereas ideally the entire town should have access to potable water. 3. Excess fluoride (above 1.5 ppm)4 and iron in drinking water has been reported in the villages of Kanakapura posing serious threat to health. 4. Brackishness in water has also been reported in ground water in rural areas. Such characteristics of water are highly harmful for public health and should be removed by treatment. 5. Only 20% of the total population get treated water from taps. Water treatment is an important aspect of water supply 6. 14% of the population avail water from a source away from their dwelling unit. Care should be taken to provide potable water within or near the dwelling unit for the entire population. 7. Water supply system should be designed in consideration with the natural topography of the land, to assure adequate water pressure in all areas.
4
Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency report
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DRAINAGE AND SANITATION CPHEEO suggests standards for physical level of sanitation services according to population of urban and rural centres. For sanitation, it is envisaged to achieve 100% of population coverage for Class I urban areas (population 1 lac and above), 80% of population coverage in other urban centres with provision for sewerage, sewage treatment facilities and low cost sanitation methods. However the shortfall in achieving the target is significant. According to projection of Census of India 2001, only 73.7% of the urban population has access to latrine facilities of various types and it is estimated that by the year 2025, more than 50% of the country‟s population will settle in urban areas when issue related to sanitation in urban areas will assume a very serious dimension. Needless will be to mention, sanitation has a close and direct link with environment, water supply and its cleanliness, health and hygiene. The problem of sanitation, associated with steep influx of population in urban areas, therefore needs to be addressed forth with, debated and deliberated at length, by the policy planners for the development of urban/city areas. The capital-intensive nature of sewerage system has put many roadblocks in urban planning primarily due to weak financial positions of most of the ULBs
INTRODUCTION
Efficient sewerage and sanitation system is a pre requisite for maintaining health and hygiene in society. Diseases, especially water borne diseases spread due to unsanitary conditions. Due to rapid growth of population in Kanakapura LPA, additional pressure would be created in the existing network. Hence, upgradation and extension of the system is necessary.
DRAINAGE NETWORK
The general topography of the town slopes towards the River Arkavathy which flows adjacent to the town. The total length of drains in the town is approximately 55km out of which 8km of drains is in major valley portions. 33 km of the total drains is of pukka type and 13km is kachha type. The storm water drains also receive partial sullage since the town is only partially covered by underground drainage system.
With respect to the existing road network, there is 70% coverage of storm water drains in the town.
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SEWERAGE GENERATION IN THE LPA
The sewage generation is approximately assumed to be 80 % of total net water supply has beenconsidered out of which water supplied for green areas, washing streets, Horticulture, Fire fighting would cover the ground water infiltration. Present sewage generation in the LPA is calculated as shown in the table below.
Table 5.6: Sewage generation in the LPA, 2011 SL
AREA
POPULATION
Water consumption (Mld)
Sewerage generation (Mld)
1
Kanakapura TMC
54021
7.29
5.83
2
Villages in LPA
126916
6.98
5.58
14.27
11.42
TOTAL
*Calculated @ 80% of total water supply as sewage .
UNDERGROUND SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Kanakapura Town is only partially covered by underground sewerage system. A total of 71.6 km of sewerage network is proposed to be laid to cover the entire town area. 19.28 Ha land has been acquired in Aralalu village for construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).
DISTRIBUTION OF SANITATION FACILITIES
Availability of toilet facilities in Ramanagara district Toilet facility present within premises 42%
The
below
shows
the
availability of toilet facilities in the Ramanagara district. It can be seen that only 42% of the households have toilet
Open defecation 56%
figure
facility
present
within
their
premises. 1.8% uses the community toilet Community Toilet 2%
Ramanagara district, Source: census 2011
while
42%
go
for
open
defecation.
Figure 5.4: Availability of sanitation facilities in
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Percentage of households
Availability of Toilet Facility Kanakapura taluk 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Bathroom facility Kanakapura Taluk Percentage 53.4
Bathroom facility-Rural Areas 48.1
Bathroom Toilet faciltyToilet facilty- Toilet faciltyfacilityKanakapura Rural Areas Urban Areas Urban Areas Taluk 87.4
24.8
15.6
83.6
Figure 5.5: Availability of toilet and bathroom facility in Kanakapura Taluk Source: District statistical Handbook, census 2001 It can be seen from the statistics of the Kanakapura Taluk that, 53.4% of the households in the Taluk have access to bathroom facility while only 24.8% had access to a toilet. Thus more than half the population in the LPA lives without a toilet facility. In urban areas however, 87.4% of the households have access to a bathroom and 83.6% have access to a toilet. The situation is alarming in the rural areas where only 15.6% of the households have access to a toilet.
RURAL SANITATION
Promotion of rural sanitation is being carried out through the implementation of Nirmala Grama Yojane. Providing toilet facilities to primary schools with water supply facility is also a component of the programme. Efforts have also been made to create awareness among the people on hygiene and cleanliness through the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
ISSUES
The critical issues for sewerage and sanitation in the Kanakapura LPA are as follows:
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1. Access to toilets in rural areas is alarmingly poor (15.6%). Abandoning of open defecation is needed not only for human health but also for economic and social development. It pollutes ground water, contaminates ground water and spreads diseases like diarrhoea and cholera. 2. Underground sewerage system has only partial coverage in Kanakapura town whereas ideally the entire town limits should be under coverage. 3. In majority of the urban area – surface drains are either absent, improperly constructed and maintained or are blocked. 4. There is lack of municipal maintenance of the drainage system. 5. Total coverage of the town area is absent.
Plate 9.1: Drainage network in Kanakapura LPA
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
Solid waste can be defined as material that no longer has any value to the person who is responsible for it, and is not intended to be discharged through a pipe. It is generated by domestic, commercial, industrial, healthcare, agricultural and mineral extraction activities and accumulates in streets and public places. The production of solid waste in an urban area is an attribute of the socio – economic profile of the population and activities in the area. More the city is developed; more is the generation of wastes. Again, the pre dominance of the industrial and commercial land use in the city increases the generation of wastes. It is estimated that about 1, 00,000 MT of Municipal Solid Waste isgenerated daily in the country. Per capita waste generation in major cities rangesfrom 0.20 Kg to 0.6 Kg. Generally the collection efficiency ranges between 70 to90% in major metro cities whereas in several smaller cities the collectionefficiency is below 50%. It is also estimated that the Urban Local Bodies spendabout Rs.500 to Rs.1500 per tonne on solid waste for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. About 6070% of this amount is spent on street sweepingof waste collection, 20 to 30% on transportation and less than 5% on final disposalof waste, which shows that hardly any attention is given to scientific and safedisposal of waste.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste generated in a society can be classified, as per CPHEEO as follows: Residential waste:This category of waste comprises the solid wastes that originate from single and multi-family household units. These wastes are generated as a consequence of household activities such as cooking, cleaning, repairs, hobbies, redecoration, empty containers, packaging, clothing, old books, writing/new paper, and old furnishings etc Commercial waste:Included in this category are solid wastes that originate in offices, wholesale and retail stores, restaurants, hotels, markets, warehouses and other commercial establishments. Some of these wastes are further classified as garbage and others as rubbish.
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Municipal Waste:Municipal wastes include wastes resulting from municipal activities and services such as street waste, dead animals, market waste and abandoned vehicles. However, the term is commonly applied in a wider sense to incorporate domestic wastes, institutional wastes and commercial wastes. Industrial Waste:In the category are the discarded solid material of manufacturing processesand industrial operations. They cover a vast range of substances which are uniqueto each industry. For this reason they are considered separately from municipalwastes. It should be noted, however, that solid wastes from small industrial plantsand ash from power plants are frequently disposed of at municipal landfills.
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) involves management of activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid waste.
INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Management of Industrial Solid Waste (ISW) is not the responsibility oflocal bodies. Industries generating solid waste have to manage such waste bythemselves and are required to seek authorizations from respective State PollutionControl Boards (SPCBs) under relevant rules. However, through joint efforts ofSPCBs, local bodies and the industries, a mechanism could be evolved for bettermanagement.
Assessment of industrial solid waste management problem greatly variesdepending on the nature of the industry, their location and mode of disposal ofwaste. Further, for arriving at an appropriate solution for better management ofindustrial solid waste, assessment of nature of waste generated is also essential.
Industries are required to collect and dispose of their waste at specificdisposal sites and such collection, treatment and disposal is required to bemonitored by the concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or PollutionControl Committee (PCC) in Union Territory. The following problems aregenerally encountered in cities and towns while dealing with industrial solid waste
There are no specific disposal sites where industries can dispose their waste; Mostly, industries generating solid waste in city and town limits are ofsmall scale nature and even do not seek consents of SPCBs/PCCs ;
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Industries are located in non-conforming areas and as a result they causewater and air pollution problems besides disposing solid waste. Industrial estates located in city limits do not have adequate facilities so thatindustries can organize their collection, treatment and disposal of liquid andsolid waste; There is no regular interaction between urban local bodies andSPCBs/PCCs to deal such issues relating to treatment and disposal of waste and issuance of licenses in non-conforming areas.
SOLID WASTE GENERATION
By comparing the per capita waste generation in different Indian cities, CPHEEO has suggested norm for solid waste generation according to different activities.
Residential refuse: 0.3 to 0.6 kg/cap/day
Commercial refuse: 0.1 to 0.2 kg/cap/day
Street sweepings: 0.05 to 0.2 kg/cap/day
Institutional refuse: 0.05 to 0.2 kg/cap/day
Hence the total waste generated in the LPA can be computed as follows:
Table5.7: Solid Waste generation in the LPA Domestic Waste generated (in ton)
Non-domestic Solid waste generated (in ton)
Total waste generated (in ton)
Land fill area required 2011 (acres)
Sl.
Area
Population
1
Urban area
54021
27.01
5.40
32.41
1.97
2
Rural Area
126916
38.07
12.70
50.77
3.08
3
TOTAL
83.18
5.05
*Calculated @ .5 kg domestic waste for urban areas, @.3 kg domestic waste for rural areas and 0.1 kg non-domestic waste for the LPA The solid waste generation details of Kanakapura Municipal area at present as per Kanakapura TMC are as under
Table5.8: Municipal Solid waste management data Total Solid Waste Generation per day (in ton)
Total MSW collected (in ton)
No of vehicles for Transport and Disposal
Area of Land fill site (acres)
Percentage of houses covered under door-todoor collection
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05
10.01
45%
Source: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in
COLLECTION, STORAGE, TRANSPORT, PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
Action plan for Solid Waste Management in the Kanakapura town has been approved and is currently in the state of implementation. Tools, equipment and vehicles have been procured as seen in the table below.
Table5.9: Tools and Equipment procurement under SWM Acti on Plan Tools, equipment, vehicle
Numbers
Tractor placers
02
60 HP tractor with dozer and backhoe
01
40 HP tractor with hydraulic trailer
01
Push cart
26
Dumper placer container
12
Long Handle brooms
640
Metal Scrapper
160
Metal Tray
160
Litter bins
10
Ghamela
32
Source: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in Information, Education, Communication (IEC) activities are carried out the TMC by engaging the Self Help Groups5. Collection: Door-to-door collection is carried out in 21 out of 27 wards. Manual scavenging does not exist in the TMC area. Secondary Collection and Transportation: Metal containers of dimension 3 cum are being used for secondary storage which is handled mechanically through tractor placers.
5
Policy on Integrated Solid Waste Management, Government of Karnataka as prescribed by the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Corporation KUIDC for compliance by the local bodies.l
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ISSUES
1.
INADEQUATE LANDFILL SITES FOR FUTURE SCENARIO
A landfill site of 10 acres has been allocated in Kanakapura TMC. Even though it is adequate for 2011, it would be inadequate for 2031. Provision for landfill sites is also required at Harohalli, Kaggalipura and Sathanur. 2.
INADEQUATE RESOURCE
There is inadequacy of resource in terms of municipal workers, solid waste management tools and equipment in the municipality. 3.
NO WASTE SEGREGATION
Concept of segregation of waste is largely absent and people are totally ignorant about the significance and necessity of segregation of Solid waste 4.
ABSENCE OF PROPER COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT:
The process of collection, which requires substantial man and logistics management, is very poor. This coupled with lack of proper transportation has resulted in a situation wherein 50-70% of the waste is not collected at all. 5.
LACK OF AWARENESS IN GENERAL PUBLIC
There is no awareness among the general public about the solid waste management. People are not aware of the way to dispose the waste. Careless disposal of waste on streets has resulted in littering of waste.
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POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
The power supply is an important component of physical infrastructure for any city or town to work efficiently. Efficient supply of power ensures proper working of all other infrastructure facilities like water supply, sanitation etc. Based on the estimated requirements of power supply in urban area as per the new master plan of Delhi, the consumption works out to be about 2kw per household/day. The allocation of electric substations is to be done as per the population that is one 11 kV of sub-station for every 15000 population. (UDPFI guidelines) It is the general standard for all categories of towns/ cities.
DEMAND AND SUPPLY
There Kanakapura Taluk
7330
domestic
consumers in Kanakapura Taluk as
Commercial consumption 3% Industrial consumption 3% Domestic consumption 13%
are
compared consumers. I P sets 75%
to
4612
15605
commercial IP
sets
are
currently present in the Taluk. The figure below shows the electricity consumption rate in lakh units in
Others 5%
Kanakapura Taluk.
Street Light installations 1%
Figure5.6: Electricity consumption in Kanakapura Taluk (in lakh units) Source: Ramanagara district book
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5.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
Education is recognised as a fundamental human right, along with other necessities, such as food, shelter and water in The Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948). The advantages it confers on individuals and nations are multi-dimensional and multi-faceted. It sustains economic growth by providing basic as well as specialised skills that ensure increased productivity and higher per capita incomes.
Achievements in education in Karnataka have been quite remarkable, and the state is moving towards universal literacy at a steady pace. The literacy rate increased from 56.04 per cent in 1991 to 66.64 per cent in 2001
EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE LPA
According to Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka there exist 324 primary schools and 185 higher secondary schoolsin Kanakapura Taluk. The table below shows the distribution of educational facilities in the Taluk.
Table5.10: Distribution of Educational facilities in Kanakapura Taluk Source: Educational Facility
No of units in Kanakapura Taluk
Lower primary schools
324
Upper primary schools
185
High schools
74
PU colleges
15
General degree colleges (govt.)
3
General degree colleges (private)
1
Engineering Colleges
2
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The distribution of schools according to management is shown in the figure below. Distribution of schools by Management
NO OF SCHOOLS
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Govt Schools 1424 123
Primary Secondary
Govt aided schools 31 58
Unaided schools 171 102
Figure5.7: Management wise distribution of schools Source: Department of public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka The Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka lists out the infrastructure provision in the schools in the districts. There are 946 lower primary schools, 455 upper primary schools and 106 high schools. It can be seen from the figure below that almost 80% of the schools have drinking water facility, 80% of upper primary and almost 60% of the primary and high schools have a separate girl‟s toilet. 80% of lower and upper primary schools and 60% of high schools have electricity supply. The details of the facilities can be seen from the figure below. Infrastructure Facilities in schools in Ramanagara district 1000 900
no of schools
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
RAMANA GARA Lower primary 946
Common toilet 875
625
891
Play ground 205
396
923
Compoun d walls 533
Upper primary
455
447
417
445
217
339
454
342
447
High schools
106
80
74
66
71
17
103
67
89
Girls toilet
Electricity
Ramps
Library
Drinking water 883
Figure5.8: Infrastructure facilities in schools in Ramanagara district. Source: Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka P a g e | 108
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There are 324 lower primary schools and 185 higher primary schools in Kanakapura Taluk, while the number of high schools is 74.
EDUCATION LEVEL: INDICATORS
LITERACY RATE
According to census data 2011, the literacy rate in Ramanagara district is 69.2% which is 9% higher than that of 2001. Literacy rate among men is 76.92% compared to 69.88% in 2001 an that among women is 61.33% compared to 51.22% in 2001. The average literacy rate of Kanakapura Taluk is 65.1, while that in urban areas in 80.5% and in rural areas is 62.5%. Though there has been considerable increase in the literacy rate in the region, it is abysmally poor compared to the rest of BMR. The literacy rate of Bangalore is 88.48% the figures below show the comparative data for the
Percentage of Literates
literacy rates in the district.
LITERACY RATE KANAKAPURA TALUK 100 80 60 40 20 0
KANAKAPURA URBAN
KANAKAPURA RURAL
TOTAL
AVERAGE LITERACY RATE
80.5
62.5
65.1
MALE LITERACY RATE
66.7
43.1
46.3
FEMALE LITERACY RATE
73.9
53.1
56
Figure 5.9: Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk Source: Census 2001
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Percentage of literates
LITERACY RATE 100 80 60 40 20 0
Total
Male
Female
Ramanagara literacy rate 2001
60.71
69.88
51.22
Ramanagara literacy rate 2011
69.2
76.92
61.3
Figure5.10: Literacy rate in Ramanagara district Source: Census 2011
Percentage of literates
COMPARATIVE LITERACY RATES: RAMANAGARA & BANGALORE
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Total
Male
Female
literacy rate Ramanagara
69.2
76.92
61.3
literacy rate Banaglore
88.48
91.82
84.8
Figure5.11: Comparison of Literacy rate in Ramanagara and Bangalore district Source: Census 2011 ENROLLMENT
According to Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka there exist 504 primary schools in Kanakapura Taluk and 74 higher secondary schools. The enrolment rate for 2009-2010 for Ramanagara District for 1st to 10th grade is shown below.
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NO OF STUDENTS
ENROLMENT IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT- 2009-10 17,500 17,000 16,500 16,000 15,500 15,000 14,500 14,000 13,500 13,000 12,500 ENROLMENT 2009-10
CLASS 1
CLASS 2
CLASS 3
CLASS 4
CLASS 5
CLASS 6
CLASS 7
CLASS 8
CLASS 9
CLASS 10
15,546
15,813
15,543
16,093
16,464
15,910
16,642
16,403
16,963
14,152
Figure5.12: Enrolment rate in primary and secondary classes in Bangalore rural district Source: Department of Public Instruction, Karnataka. It can be seen that the enrolment after 9th grade shows a sharp decrease. The reason for such high dropout rate should be investigated. It can be absence of senior secondary schools in the villages which makes commuting an obstacle for education. It can also be absence of proper incentives which make literacy difficult.
DROPOUT RATE (age group 6-14)
According to the Ramanagara District DROP OUTS IN KANAKAPURA LPA
book, there are 40061 students in age group 6-14 in the Kanakapura No of out children out of school 1%
LPA. 417 of them were found to be out of school. The dropout rate in the LPA is 1.04%. The figure below
No of children in school 99%
shows the distribution of school children in age group 6-14 during 2010-11.
Figure9.11: Distribution of school children in age group 6-14 Source: Ramanagara District Book, 2010-11 P a g e | 111
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PUPIL TEACHER RATIO (1 to 10)
The total no of students in the LPA is 54,359 while the total no of teachers is 2124. Hence the student teacher ratio is 26:1. The ‘Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009’ states the student teacher ratio in 1st to 5th standard as 1:30 and that from 6th to 10th as 1:35. Segregated class wise and school wise data is not available, but the aggregate data meets the national standards of education.
EDUCATION SCHEMES
Akshara Dasoha Program
The Akshara Dasoha program is an initiative to provide free food to school children and improve their health and nutrition. It is anticipated that improvement of health and nutrition would automatically improve the education level and would also support the education objectives of the state. “Akshara Dasoha” program aims at providing hot cooked meals to all the children studying in 1 st to 5th standard in all the Government Primary Schools of the State. The Mission of the program is to free all the primary school children from hunger, improve their learning abilities and bring about equity.
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HEALTH
INTRODUCTION
Health status is an important indicator of the socio economic conditions of a society since it has far reaching effects across all socio economic strata. Hence commitment to improvement of health status especially among women, children and vulnerable population such as schedule casts and scheduled tribes, is an important goal of any planning process. Efficient planning requires an appraisal of the current infrastructure and policies, assessment of progress, identification of gaps and proposals to mitigate the condition.
HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE LPA
Health care infrastructure in Kanakapura Taluk consists of one Taluk headquarter hospital, 22 govt. hospitals, one nursing home and 22 clinics. The table below shows the distribution of healthcare facilities in the Taluk.
Table5.11: Health care facilities in Kanakapura Taluk. Source: Ramanagara district book
Health Infrastructure Facilities
No of Units in Kanakapura Taluk
No of Beds
Taluk Headquarter Hospitals
1
50
Govt. Hospitals
22
224
Nursing Homes
1
20
Clinics
22
-
Allopathic Hospitals
1
50
Private Hospitals
1
20
Primary Health Centres
19
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Community Health Centres
2
60
Family Welfare Centres
19
-
Family Welfare Sub-Centres
72
-
TOTAL
538
Population of Kanakapura Taluk as per census 2001 is 3, 37,208. Hence the no of hospital seats per 1000 population is less than 2, which is much less than the standard value of 4 seats per 1000 population.
NO OF HOSPITAL BEDS PER 1000 POPULATION
5 4
4 3 2
NO OF SEATS PER 1000 POPULATION
1.59
1 0 KANAKAPURA Taluk
STANDARD
Figure5.14: No of hospital beds per 1000 population Source: Ramanagara District handbook
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HEALTH SCHEMES
The National Rural health mission has been introduced to provide universal access to equitable, affordable and quality healthcare which is responsive to the needs of the people. Initiatives for reducing child and maternal mortality, stabilising population along with gender and demographic balance have been taken.
The key features for delivery of NRHM in Karnataka includes making public health delivery system fully functional and accountable to the community, working in a mission mode, decentralised planning, delegation of power, human resource management, community involvement, rigorous monitoring and evaluation against standards, convergence of health related programs and flexible financing.
The NRHM program has five distinct agenda
Promotion of maternal and child health: Maternal ill health and death impacts families, communities and societies and has far reaching impacts across all socio-economic strata. Promotion of maternal and child health is an important objective of NRHM, since mother hood encompasses reproductive health, family planning, pregnancy, childbirth, infant and maternal mortality.
In view of the above goals, an umbrella scheme has been initiated called the “Thayi Bhagya” scheme which consists of three sub schemes – Janani Suraksha Yojna, Prasooti Araike and Madilu.
Under Janani Suraksha scheme, poor pregnant women are given financial and institutional assistance through a decentralised medical infrastructure system. Prasooti Araike is also a part of the maternal healthcare program in which health care and check up facilities are provided to women. Madilu is another scheme that was devised to encourage women to deliver in hospitals for which they would be entitled to medical kit for the baby and the mother. P a g e | 115
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Child health care: Health and well being of children during their intra-uterine period, toddler years, school age and adolescence needs intervention which is reached out through Maternal and child care programs and the public delivery system, Anganawadis, ASHAs and schools. Immunisation: It is the most cost-effective and effective intervention in public health system. Polio, DTP, BCG, Measles, TB and Hepatitis B vaccines are administered through the various PHCs and FRUs. Beside this childhood diseases and neonatal illnesses are taken care of through IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and childhood illnesses) program. Disease control program: In order to provide health care facilities to patients with diseases like AIDS, Leprosy, Tuberculosis and terminal diseases like cancer, several programs have been introduced at the Taluk level, like AIDS control program, Leprosy control program, TB control program and Cancer control program, vector disease control program etc. Inter-sectoral convergence: In additional to the above, facilities like ambulance service have also been introduced. One ambulance per 1.1 lakh population has been provided for rural areas with a maximum reaching time of 25.5 minutes. The table below shows a list of health programs in Kanakapura Taluk
Table5.12: List of healthcare programs in Kanakapura Taluk Source:Ramanagara district book Sl
Health care programmes in Kanakapura Taluk
1
Immunisation program
2
Family planning Initiative
3
Aids control Program
4
Leprosy control program
5
TB Control program
6
Cancer Control Program
7
Janani Suraksha Yojna
8
Madilu Yojna
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Chapter 6 : Environmental Issues
CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 6.1 POLLUTION: GENERATION AND CONSEQUENCES AIR POLLUTION
There is no formal report on air quality in Kanakapura. However approximately 6000 Ha of industrial area has been proposed in the master plan 2031 out of which manufacturing consist of almost fifty per cent. Hence, air pollution might be a reality in the area in near future. Proposals have been made in the master plan for action for prevention of industrial pollution.
SOIL EROSION
Kanakapura has good quality agricultural land within its limits which would transform into urbanised land due to growth pressure. Sustainable agricultural practices should therefore be adopted in the remaining agricultural land form maximising and sustaining productivity.
6.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING Rainwater system is an alternative plumbing system that helps to conserve our limited water supply. Currently, most of us use clean drinking water straight from the tap to water our gardens. Rainwater system gives another water choice for irrigating and can save money. Using non-potable water to irrigate your gar-den can also help replenish local aquifers.
Rainwater harvesting is collected precipitation from rooftops and other above-ground impervious surfaces that is stored in catchment tanks for later use. Rainwater harvesting systems can range from a simple barrel at the bottom of a downspout to multiple cisterns with pumps and filtration. The harvested rainwater is low in sodium and chloramine and fluoride free.
There are two main types of rainwater harvesting systems that vary in complexity, volume of water stored and permitting requirements.
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Rain Barrel A rain barrel system is a simple rainwater collector that captures and stores a portion of the runoff from a roof downspout. A hose attached to the bottom of the rain barrel can be used to irrigate your garden. A rain barrel will only capture a small fraction of the rainwater that flows off your roof, the rest of the runoff will still need to drain to a safe overflow location.
Cisterns Cisterns are larger systems that can hold much more water and may include pumps to move the rainwater to the garden. More complex systems can involve plumbing and electrical work, soil excavation or other structural work. For rainwater collection projects of this scale, consult a professional to review design, construction and safety considerations. Permits and zoning certificates are required for cistern systems.
Proposal has been forwarded in the Master Plan 2031 for rainwater harvesting techniques in the LPA.
6.3 DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES Till recently, the approach to Disaster Management have been reactive and relief centric. A paradigm shift has now taken place at the national level from the relief centric syndrome to holistic and integrated approach with emphasis on prevention, mitigation and preparedness. These efforts are aimed to conserve developmental gains as also minimize losses to lives, livelihood and property. A typical Disaster Management continuum as shown below, comprising of six elements i.e., Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness in pre-disaster phase, and Response, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in post-disaster phase, defines the complete approach to Disaster Management.
Industrial hazards leading to chemical and biological disasters and fire hazard are the most prominent hazards that the LPA faces.
The
master
plan
proposes
guidelines for undertaking detail studies at the
micro
level
for
equipping
the
authorities for the same.
Fig 6.1: Disaster Management Continuum
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Chapter 7| Problems
CHAPTER 7
PROBLEMS The following issues have been identified in the Kanakapura Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center at Kanakapura Town. Commercial activities spread along NH 2. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 3. Congestion on the NH, especially along the Bus Stand. 4. Lack of road hierarchy. 5. Inadequate connectivity. 6. No separate freight route. 7. Presence of slums within town municipal limit. 8. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 11% residential area exists. 9. Landfill site of 5 Ha required for 2031. 10. P&SP area of 90 Ha required for 2031. 11. Protection of valley area of Arkhavathy river is required. 12. Lack of Park and Open Spaces in the urbanised area. Presently 0.24% park and open space exists.
The following issues have been identified in the Harohalli Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 2. Lack of road hierarchy. 3. Inadequate connectivity. 4. No separate freight route. 5. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 4.29% residential area exists.
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6. Landfill site of 6 Ha required for 2031. 7. P&SP area of 60 Ha required for 2031. 8. Lack of Park and Open Spaces in the urbanised area. Presently 0.13% park and open space exists.
The following issues have been identified in the Kaggalipura Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center. 2. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 3. Lack of road hierarchy. 4. No separate freight route. 5. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 5.9% residential area exists. 6. Landfill site of 6 Ha required for 2031. 7. P&SP area of 40 Ha required for 2031. 8. Lack of Park and Open Spaces. Presently 0.43% park and open space exists.
The following issues have been identified in the Sathanur Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center. 2. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 3. Lack of road hierarchy. 4. No separate freight route. 5. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 4.26% residential area exists. 6. Landfill site of 10 Ha required for 2031. 7. P&SP area of 40 Ha required for 2031. 8. Lack of Park and Open Spaces. Presently 0.13% park and open space exists.
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Chapter 8 |Visualising the Future
CHAPTER 8
VISUALISING THE FUTURE 8.1. INTERIM MASTER PLAN POPULATION PROJECTION - 2021 As per the approved Interim Master Plan 2021, the total population in the LPA as projected at 11.22 lakhs. However the projection has been based on the census 2001 data. The population for Master Plan 2031 has been estimated using census 2011 data. It also takes into account the growth trends in the region. The IMP recognises four important growth nodes in the LPA – Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura and Sathanur. The following are the landuse statistics of the four conurbations in the Interim master Plan 2021.
Table 8.1: IMP landuse analysis – Kaggalipura and Harohalli - 2021 LANDUSE
KAGGALIPURA AREA (sqkm) PERCENTAGE
HAROHALLI AREA (sqkm) PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
12.31
56.9
10.68
32.0%
COMMERCIAL
1.19
5.5
0.68
2.0% 21.4%
INDUSTRIAL
0.21
1.0
7.14
PUBLIC/SEMI PUBLIC
3.78
17.5
0.85
2.5%
PARKS/ PLAYGROUNDS
1.53
7.1
4.70
14.1% 2.1%
UTILITY AND SERVICES
0.19
0.9
0.69
TRANSPORTATION
2.01
9.3
2.96
8.9%
QUARRIES
0.00
0.0
0.44
1.3%
LAKES/TANKS/RIVER
0.40
1.9
1.53
4.6%
0.0
3.68
11.0%
AGRICULTURE
0.00
TOTAL
21.62
33.35
Table 8.2: IMP landuse analysis – Kanakapura and Sathanur - 2021 LANDUSE
KANAKAPURA AREA (sq km) PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
10.82
COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL
SATHANUR AREA (sq km) PERCENTAGE
43.0%
7.18
38.0
0.56
2.2%
0.68
3.6
3.82
15.2%
7.81
41.3
PUBLIC/SEMI PUBLIC
1.27
5.1%
0.68
3.6
PARKS/ PLAYGROUNDS
4.27
17.0%
1.02
5.4
UTILITY AND SERVICES
0.23
0.9%
0.06
0.4
TRANSPORTATION
2.92
11.6%
1.38
7.3
QUARRIES
0.55
2.2%
0.00
0.0
LAKES/TANKS/RIVER
0.71
2.8%
0.07
0.4
AGRICULTURE
2.34
8.5%
0.00
0.0
TOTAL
27.49
18.90
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8.2. POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN KANAKAPURA LPA POPULATION GROWTH IN KANAKAPURA LPA
The Kanakapura LPA is composed of 85 villages and 1 town. The present population of the LPA villages (census 2011) is 126,916. Total population of the LPA, including Kanakapura TMC is 180,931. The figure below shows the population growth in the LPA from 1961 to 2011.
Population growth in Kanakapura LPA 200000 180000 160000
Population
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Kanakapura LPA
1961 83194
1971 95887
1981 125993
1991 151998
2001 170278
2011 180937
Figure 8.1: Population in Kanakapura LPA Source: Census 2011 Table 8.3: Population growth rate in Kanakapura LPA Year
Decadal growth rate
Annual growth rate
1991-2001
12%
1.2%
2001-2011
6.25%
0.6%
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POPULATION GROWTH IN KANAKAPURA TMC
Kanakapura Town or TMC is the only urban settlement in the Kanakapura LPA. It has an area of 7.31 sq. km1. The table below shows population in Kanakapura TMC from 1961 to 2011. The present population of the TMC is 54,021. Population growth in Kanakapura TMC 60000 50000 POpulation
40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Kanakapura
1961 15000
1971 20000
1981 29000
1991 38000
2001 47000
2011 54021
Figure 8.2: Population in Kanakapura Town; Source: Census 2011 It can be noted that the population growth in the town is less which can be attributed to lack of economic activity and growth generators in the LPA .
Table 8.4: Population Growth rate in Kanakapura TMC Year
Decadal growth rate
Annual growth
1991-2001
23.6%
2.36%
2001-2011
14.9%
1.49%
1
Present municipal limits
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8.3. FACTORS AIDING POPULATION GROWTH The growth of the LPA would largely be dependent upon the industrial proposals in the region. However, this may not be the sole contributing factor. The other factors that are expected to affect population dispersal to the Kanakapura LPA are as follows:
Its proximity to Bangalore Development of Major roads near and passing through the LPA like the IRR passing through Harohalli, STRR ( approximately coinciding with SH3) connecting Anekal and Ramnagaram, via Kanakapura, proposed Ring road around Kanakapura, PRR passing through Kaggalipura and Uttari, Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor to the north of LPA and NH 209 passing right through the LPA by 2021. KIADB industrial estates in Harohalli-Bidadi area: The industrial estates would create employment opportunities for people in and around the region and spur development and growth in eth LPA. Availability of ground water in the region as compared to the others: The Kanakapura LPA has a higher availability of ground water as compared to the rest of the BMR since it is closer to the Cauvery region. Hence developments are more sustainable and feasible in the LPA.
The Taluk Industrial Plan for the Kanakapura Taluk envisages promoting around 800 tiny & SSI units including services. The Taluk also has potential for promotion of 168 units in large & medium sector spread over five years. These investments are likely to generate direct employment for about 60,000 persons and indirect employment to about 24,000 persons.
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8.4. POPULATION PROJECTION There are two components of projected population -
Natural Growth of the LPA
-
Inmigrating population
NATURAL GROWTH OF POPULATION IN THE LPA
The natural increase in the population has been calculated through statistical methods like arithmetic progression, geometric progression and ANGM (Annual National Growth Method). It has been observed from the data that many of the villages have a negative growth rate while some of the villages have compounding positive growth rates. The growth of the population calculated through various statistical methods is as follows:
Table 8.5: Natural growth of population calculated through various statistical methods. Statistical method used
Projected population
Arithmetic Progression
2.75 lakhs
Geometric Progression
2.72 lakhs
Annual National Growth Rate Method
2.82 lakhs
All the statistical methods adopted for projection of population in the LPA yield more or less similar results.
Table 8.6: Population projection of the villages of LPA SL
VILLAGE NAME
2021
2031
1
Cheeluru
3543
3992
2
Chikkadevarahalli
379
385
3
Jakkasandra
1741
1710
4
Keeranagere
817
930
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5
T.Hosahalli
695
668
6
Bandiganahalli
445
383
7
Bannikuppe
1374
1408
8
Bettahalli Kaval
661
844
9
Bheemasandra
345
374
10
Chulakanakere Kaval
183
219
11
Devarakaggalahalli
699
876
12
Doddamuduwadi
1151
1241
13
Dyavasandra
547
520
14
Gabbadi
2015
2174
15
Gabbadi Kaval
84
96
16
Harohalli
15628
18804
17
Hosakote
863
1017
18
Hulugondanahalli
2305
2764
19
Kaggalahalli
1269
1383
20
Maralagere
263
290
21
Marasandra
768
828
22
Medamaranahalli
1820
2181
23
Mudenahalli
1213
1286
24
Singasandra
1083
1170
25
Vaderahalli
1574
1924
26
Yadamadu
1059
1288
27
Agrahara
639
857
28
Allimaranahalli
2159
2404
29
Anajawadi
2410
2682
30
Aralalu
2042
2330
31
Aralalusandra
1396
1479
32
Aranakuppe
921
1019
33
Baradanahalli
914
947
34
Bekuppe
1321
1333
35
Cheeranakuppe
791
761
36
Chikkamuduwadi
3683
3936
37
Chokasandra
1637
2223
38
Ganalu
1444
1541
39
Hanumanahalli
1481
2146
40
Kallahalli
2148
2440
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41
Kanakapura (Rural)
512
416
42
Ramapura
1214
1374
43
Rayasandra
1944
2189
44
Seegekote
1650
1756
45
Shivanahalli
1845
1892
46
Thammasandra
1006
1024
47
Tigalarahalli
692
704
48
Tigalarahosahalli
1337
1424
49
Tungani
1828
1946
50
Vadedoddi
1504
1787
51
Virupasandra
2096
2424
52
Achalu
2772
3077
53
Alur
730
1004
54
Anamanahalli
726
880
55
Bommanahalli
1175
1273
56
Dalimba
1082
1108
57
Deshohalli
0
0
58
Halasinamaradahalli
405
454
59
Honniganahalli
973
986
60
Hosahalli
116
117
61
Kabbal
1144
1129
62
Kachavanahalli
1753
1832
63
Kadahalli
1149
1201
64
Kambasagara
855
909
65
Kemmale
1196
1281
66
Mudalaswamikuppe
17
16
67
Naripura
0
0
68
Sasalapura
1848
2142
69
Sathanur
5371
5806
70
Tailuru Forest
457
489
71
Thotahalli
1396
1470
72
Yadugowdanahalli
0
0
73
Alakabelalu
81
107
74
Gulakamale
2800
3427
75
K. Chudahalli
1698
2104
76
Kaggalipura
17337
24903
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77
Naganayakanahalli
973
1219
78
Nelaguli
1471
1821
79
Nettigere
2391
3096
80
Ravugodlu
1705
2123
81
Somanahalli
5578
6682
82
Sunkadakatte
86
17
83
Tharalu
1692
1906
84
Thattaguppe
3079
3749
85
Uttari
1869
2402
86
Vaddarapalya
1998
2308
87
Kanakpura TMC
78000
100100
TOTAL
225061
272932
2.8 lakhs has been considered as the natural growth in the LPA till the year 2031.
INMIGRATING POPULATION IN THE LPA
The Revised Structure Plan 2031 envisages a 70%-30% population distribution between the core and the outside by 2031. Hence the local planning areas must be planned to create job opportunities to realize the regional vision. In IMP and Provisional Master Plan 410 Ha were earmarked for KIADB 1st and 2nd Phase. New industrial areas (800 Ha) under KIADB phase III & IV has been added to the existing Industrial area in Harohalli. The Kanakapura LPA has about 450 tiny and SSI unit at present. KIADB industrial area also exists in Harohalli area. As such the Industrial Perspective Plan for the Kanakapura Taluk envisaged promoting around 800 tiny & SSI units including services till 2011. The Taluk also has potential for promotion of 168 units in large & medium sector spread over five years. These investments are likely to generate direct employment for about 60,000 persons and indirect employment to about 24,000 persons by 2011. Since, maximum potential of job creation has not been reached presently; it has been assumed that the LPA has the potential to create 80,000 jobs by the year 2031. Hence an additional 3.2 lakhs population will be inmigrating in the LPA by the 2031, out of which 1.25 lakhs is envisaged to be migrating in 2021 and rest by 2031. P a g e | 128
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Hence the total projected population in the LPA till the year 2031 is as follows.
Table 8.7: Projected population in Kanakapura LPA 2031 POPULATION 2031 Natural Increase in the LPA in 2031
2.8LAKHS
In migrating population in the LPA in 2031
3.2 LAKHS 6LAKHS
PROJECTED POPULATION 2031
Hence 6 lakhs has been taken as the projected urban population in the LPA till the year 2031.
DISTRIBUTION ION OF POPULATION There are four important growth centres in the LPA – Kanakapura, Kaggalipura, Harohalli and Sathanur. The urban population in the LPA has been distributed in these growth centres which includes natural growth and inmigrating population. The table below show the distribution of population in the four growth nodes and the villages of the LPA.
Table 8.8: Distribution of population in the four growth nodes AREA
POPULATION IN 2031
Kaggalipura
1,50,000
Harohalli
1,80,000
Sathanur
90,000
Kanakapura
1,80,000
TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 2031
6,00,000
IMP 2021
8,00,000
A population 6lakh will be accommodated in the four urban areas and a population 90,000 will be accommodated in the villages in the agricultural zone.
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A township has been proposed at Sathanur by the BMRDA to host textile and apparel industries. The township would accommodate a population of 3.2 lakhs. The master plan proposals do not take into account the population of the township since facilities would be planned separately for it.
PROJECTED POPULATION IN KANAKAPURA LPA 700000 600000 600000 500000 400000
350000
300000
280000 151998
200000 100000
95887
83194
170278
125993
180937
225000
0 1961
1971
EXISTING POPULATION
1981
1991
2001
2011
PROJECTED URBAN POPULATION
2021
2031
NATURAL GROWTH
Figure 8.3: Projected urban population in Kanakapura LPA 8.5 AREA REQUIREMENT The requirement of area is calculated on the basis of 53 pph gross density to accommodate the projected population of 6 lakhs in the four conurbations.
Table 8.9: Population in Kanakapura LPA 2021, 2031 YEAR
POPULATION
TOTAL URBANISABLE AREA (@53 pph)
2031
6,00,000
11233.27Ha
The total urbanisable land required by the year 2031 is 11233.27Ha (@ 53 persons per Ha gross density)
PROPOSED LAND UTILISATION STATISTICS
The overall statistics of the LPA as per proposal of Master Plan 2031 is given in the table below. The total conurbation area is 11233.27Ha excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks as shown in the table below.
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Table 8.10: Conurbation area statistics-2031 Category
AREA (In Ha)
TOTAL URBANISABLE AREA IN THE LPA*
11233.27
DEVELOPED AREA BETWEEN KAGGALIPURA - HAROHALLI
204.42
AREA BEYOND CONURBATION
29840.30
TOTAL LPA
41277.99
*Excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks and quarries
8.6 POPULATION DENSITY 2031 There are four important growth centres in the LPA – Kanakapura, Kaggalipura, Harohalli and Sathanur. The urban population in the LPA has been calculated for these growth centres which includes natural growth and inmigrating population. The table below show the distribution of population and the density in the four growth nodes.
Table 8.11: Distribution of population and area in the four growth nodes POPULATION IN 2031
Conurbation area (Ha)*
Gross Density (pph)
Kaggalipura
1,50,000
2211.56
68
Harohalli
1,80,000
4348.77
41
Sathanur
90,000
1880.77
48
Kanakapura
1,80,000
2792.17
64
TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 2031
6,00,000
11233.27
53
AREA
IMP 2021
8,00,000 @ 88 pph
*Excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks and quarries
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8.7 HOUSING REQUIREMENT The requirement of housing for the LPA for the year 2031 has been calculated as shown in the table below. The housing requirement of the LPA has been calculated by considering 4.5 persons per households. The total number of houses required for the LPA is 2 lakhs. The required residential area is 3500 Ha @40dwelling unit/Ha. The detail housing requirement for each conurbation has been shown in the table below.
Table 8.12: Residential Area requirement for the LPA YEAR
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL HOUSES REQUIRED
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL AREA REQUIRED ( 40dwelling unit/Ha)
By 2021
3,50,000
80,000
2000
By 2031
6,00,000
1,40,000
3500
Table 8.13: Residential Area requirement in the LPA for the Conurbations CONURBATION
RESIDENTIAL AREA 2011-2021 ( 40 houses/Ha)
RESIDENTIAL AREA 2021-2031 ( 40 houses/Ha)
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL AREA Till 2031
Kaggallipura
400
400
800
Harohalli
550
550
1100
Sathanur
350
350
700
Kanakapura
400
600
1000
TOTAL
1700
1900
3600
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8.8 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
a.
WATER SUPPLY
The total requirement of the LPA has been calculated using CPHEEO standards for domestic water supply. Total domestic water requirement in the LPA in the year 2031 is 81 MLD.
WATER SUPPLY GAP IN KANAKAPURA LPA WATER DEMAND IN MLD
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
2011
2021
2031
DEMAND
4.8
47.25
81.00
SUPPLY
4.8
4.8
4.8
Fig 8.4: Water Supply gap in Kanakapura LPA
b. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The total area required for solid waste management has been calculated based on CPHEEO norms for Municipal Waste Management. Total area requires for landfill management in the LPA till 2031 is 30 acres.
Table 8.14: Landfill Area Requirement in the LPA Category Projected Population 2031
2031 600000
Domestic Waste generated (in kg) @ 0.3 kg per capita per day
180 tonne
Non-domestic Solid waste generated (in kg) @ 0.1 kg per capita per day
60 tonne
Total waste generated (in kg)
240 tonne
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Volume of solid waste (cu m)
269 cu m
Volume of land fill required (cu m)
323 cu m
area of land fill required per day (sq. m)(20 m depth)
17 sq m
Area of land fill required per year ( in acres)
1.48 acres 30 acres
Area required till 2031
8.9 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
a. EDUCATION
Requirement for educational facilities have been calculated using UDPFI guidelines for urban areas. The total area required for educational facilities in each of the conurbations have been tabulated in the table below.
Table 8.15: Educational facility Requirement in the LPA Educational facility requirement Educational facility
UNITS REQUIRED
AREA REQUIRED (Ha)
Kanakapura
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Sathanur
Kanakapura
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Sathanur
72
66
66
36
6
6
6
3
72
66
66
36
6
6
6
3
24
44
27
2
38
35
35
20
Colleges @ 1/1.25 lakh population
1
1
1
1
6
3
3
3
Technical institutions @ 1/ 1000000
1
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
Nursery school @ 1/2500 population Basic primary school @ 1/ 2500 population Higher secondary school @ 1/7500 population
P a g e | 134
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 8 |Visualising the Future
ITI @ 1 / 1000000
1
0
1
0
1.4
0
1.4
0
Engineering Colleges @ 2 in urban extension
1
0
1
0
60
0
60
0
medical Colleges @ 2 in urban extension
1
0
1
0
15
0
15
0
TOTAL
136.4
52
127
30
b. HEALTH
Requirement for healthcare facilities have been calculated using UDPFI guidelines for urban areas. The total area required for educational facilities in each of the conurbations have been tabulated in the table below.
Table 8.16: Medical facility Requirement in the LPA UNITS REQUIRED Medical facility General Hospital @ 1 per 2.5 lakh population500 beds Intermediate Hospital ( category A) @ 1 per 1 lakh population 200 beds Intermediate Hospital ( category B) @ 1 per 1 lakh population 50-80 beds polyclinic @ 1 per lakh population Dispensary @ 1per 0.15 lakh population
AREA REQUIRED (Ha)
Kanakapura Town
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Kanakapura Town
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Sathanur
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
2
2
1
1
8
8
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
.6
.6
.3
.3
10
10
10
5
1.2
1.2
1.2
.6
Sathanur
P a g e | 135
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Nursing Home @ 1 per .45 to 1 lakh population-25 to 30 beds Child Welfare & Maternity Centre@ 1 per .45 to 1 lakh population- 25 to 30 beds
TOTAL
Chapter 8 |Visualising the Future
3
3
3
2
.6
.6
.3
.3
4
4
1
4
1
5
1
1
20
25
15
15
P a g e | 136
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
8.10
Chapter 8 |Visualising the Future
PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
As per the provisions of KTCP Act 1961, the Master Plan would be put up for public display after provisional approval of the plan by the government. The issues and objection raised by the public would be then considered and included in the proposal if found feasible and for the greater good.
The RTI Act provides scope for gaining information by the public. The Disclosure Act also provides scope for discussion on the Master Plan.
8.11
S.W.O.T ANALYSIS
The SWOT analysis of the LPA has been shown below.
WEAKNESS
STRENGTH
1. High Potential for Sericulture
1. Low Ground Water Potential 2. Lack of Mass Transit System.
1. Ground Water pollution due to industrial development 2. Damage to Sericulture due to Industrial Development.
1. Industrial Incentives as per the Industrial Policy 2009-14 2. Sericulture
Incentives
per
Karnataka Vastra Neethi
THREAT
8.12
as
OPPORTUNITY
VISION 2031
The vision of the Master Plan 2031 is as follows; 1. To develop the LPA as a self-sufficient counter magnet to Bangalore. 2. To develop industrial base in the LPA for employment in the region.
P a g e | 137
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
CHAPTER 9
MASTER PLAN PROPOSALS 9.1 COMPONENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN The contents of a Master Plan are elaborated in Section 12 of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act 1961. As per the act, the Master Plan should contain a series of maps and documents indicating the manner in which the development and improvement of the entire planning area within the jurisdiction of the Planning Authority are to be carried out and regulated, such plan shall include proposals for the following, namely – a. Zoning of land use for residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, educational and other purposes together with Zoning Regulations. b. A complete street pattern, indicating major and minor roads, national highways and state highways and traffic circulation pattern, for meeting the immediate and future requirements with proposals for improvement; c. Areas for parks, playgrounds and other recreational uses public open spaces, public buildings and institutions and area reserved for such purposes as may be expedient for new civic developments; d. Areas earmarked for future development and expansion; e. Reservation of land for the purposes of central Government, the State Government, Planning Authority or public utility undertaking or any other authority established by Law, and the designation of lands being subject to acquisition for public purposes or as specified in the master plan or securing the use of the landing in the manner provided by or under this Act; f.
Declaring certain areas, as areas of special control and development in such areas being subject to such regulations as may be made in regard to building line, height of the building, floor area ratio, architectural features and such other particulars as may be prescribed;
g. Stages by which the plan is to be carried out.
P a g e | 138
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
9.2 MASTER PLAN OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Master Plan can be stated as follows: 1. To provide growth direction in the LPA 2. To promote industrial development in the LPA 3. To enhance linkage between the LPA with other areas of the BMR. 4. To plan for population in 2031.
9.3 DENSITY There are four important growth centres in the LPA – Kanakapura, Kaggalipura, Harohalli and Sathanur. The urban population in the LPA has been calculated for these growth centres which includes natural growth and inmigrating population. The table below show the distribution of population and the density in the four growth nodes.
Table-9.1: Density in the Growth Nodes of Kanakapura LPA Conurbation
TOTAL POPULATION
CONURBATION AREA (Ha)*
DENSITY (PPH)
Kaggallipura
1,50,000
2211.56
68
Harohalli
1,80,000
4348.77
41
Sathanur
90,000
1880.77
48
Kanakapura
1,80,000
2792.17
64
TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 2031
600000
11233.27
53
*Excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks and quarries
P a g e | 139
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
9.4 STRATEGY FOR OBTAINING LAND FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES Development of public infrastructure like parks and playgrounds, roads and institutions require land acquisition. A conventional mode of land acquisition has been through the Land Acquisition Act of 1894. Since the process lacks definite benefits to the landowner, it has faced considerable protest in recent past. Consequently, a more democratic way of land pooling has been adopted in many of the Indian states called Town Planning Schemes. Since the process of land pooling through Town Planning Schemes present definite advantages to all stakeholders, it should be adopted as a means to develop infrastructure in the LPA. Town Planning Schemes could be adopted for pooling land for development of the major roads STRR, IRR, ITRR and RR.
9.5 BASIC CONSIDERATION FOR PROPOSAL The basic considerations for the Master Plan 2031 proposals were as follows: 1. Existing development in the area: The existing developments have been given priority in determining the proposed landuse of the Master Plan 2031. In most of the cases the existing landuse has been retained to minimise public distress and loss of property. 2. IMP Proposals: IMP proposals for landuse have been retained in all places barring places where it conflicts with the existing landuse. 3. Scientific landuse allocation: New areas have been brought under the proposed land use to integrate the existing and IMP proposed landuse judiciously. New areas have also been brought under proposals to satisfy the requirements of the population in 2031. 4. All the directions of government. 5. Identification of water bodies and natural drains and their protection 6. Structure Plan directives 7. Change of land uses approved by the govt. and P.A. under section 14-A (3)
P a g e | 140
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
9.6 PROPOSALS
9.6.1
PROPOSED LANDUSE PLAN 2031
KANAKAPURA CONURBATION AREA Kanakapura is the Taluk headquarters of Kanakapura Taluk as well as the only TMC in the LPA. As such it is a node of prime importance owing to already superior administrative stature. The town has enormous economic potential in terms of agriculture, sericulture and other small scale industrial activities. The Landuse of the town has been proposed as to boost its economic potential and supplement its hierarchy in the region. The total urbanisable area of the conurbation is 27.92 sqkm and 1.8 lakhs population is proposed in the town by 2031. 14.11% of the total area is proposed for industrial use while whereas 4.59% of the total area is dedicated to public and semi-public uses. 40.15% of the total area is reserved for residential purposes. 9.02% of the total area is commercial and 11.40% is under parks and open spaces. The rest of the area is comprised of quarries, water bodies and agricultural landuse as shown in the table below.
Table 9.2: Kanakapura proposed landuse statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (Sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
1121.18
11.21
40.15%
COMMERCIAL
251.89
2.52
9.02%
INDUSTRIAL
394.10
3.94
14.11%
PUBLIC & SEMI-PUBLIC
128.13
1.28
4.59%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
318.28
3.18
11.40%
32.74
0.33
1.17%
410.47
4.10
14.70%
AGRICULTURE
0.00
0.00
0.00%
WATER BODIES
78.04
0.78
2.79%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
57.35
00.57
2.05%
2792.17
27.92
100%-
PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION
FOREST HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
P a g e | 141
MASTER PLAN -2031 128
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!
15 ¬ «
1387064
12 ¬ «
12 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
NH-2 09
! ! ! !
90
NH -2 0
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
! ! !
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!
!
!
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15 ¬ «
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! !
12 ¬ «
! !
¬ «15
!
!
!
!
30 ¬ «
!
15 « ¬
759619
11.40%
¬ «
2 SH-9
B
318.28
128.13
Park & Openspace
GrandTotal
SH-3
757619
14.11%
9.02%
30 « ¬
15 ¬ «
A
394.10
251.89
Agriculture
BEKUPPE
ACHALU
40.15%
Public & Semi-Public
4
%
1121.18
Industrial
-3 SH
30 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
!
1387064
!
! ! ! !
1385064
!
!
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
ARALALU
¬ «
SEEGEKOTE
Residential
¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
Area in Hectare
Public Utility
¬ «
24 ¬ «
¬ «
Landuse
Commercial
! ! !
! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
¬ «
!
¬ «
¬ «
« ¬
! !!
¬ «
Symbol
CHEERANAKUPPE ¬ «
¬ «
755619
Landuse Analysis - Kanakapura Conurbation
VIRUPASANDRA
! ! ! ! !
¬ «
¬ «
5
!
!
!
!
! !
!
¬ «
SH-3
¬ «
¬ «
HANUMANAHALLI
3
!
¬ «
SHIVANAHALLI
4
!
!
KANAKAPURA
!
¬ «
90 ¬ «
3
¬ «9
¬ «
30
Proposed Landuse Kanakapura
S ca le : 1:20,000
Map No: 46
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
HAROHALLI CONURBATION AREA
Harohalli is one of the most significant nodes of the Kanakapura LPA and a growing industrial cluster. It is proposed to host more than 1.8 lakh population by 2031. The total area proposed as the conurbation limit of Harohalli is 43.49sqkm (4348.77ha). 29.67 % of the area has been dedicated to industries, since it is the future economic mainstay of the town. 33.24% of the total area is reserved for residential purposes where as 12.58% of the area is devoted to transportation. 4.24% of the area is reserved for commercial purposes to serve the future population. 11.63% of the area is park and open space to maintain adequate balance with the anticipated built up area in the town. 2.72% of the area is proposed to be under public and semipublic use. The rest of the land use is under quarries, water bodies and agriculture as shown in the table below.
Table 9.3: Harohalli Proposed land use statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
1445.50
14.46
33.24%
COMMERCIAL
184.30
1.84
4.24%
1290.13
12.90
29.67%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
118.49
1.18
2.72%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
505.94
5.06
11.63%
83.49
0.83
1.92%
547.16
5.47
12.58%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
156.86
1.57
3.61%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
16.89
0.17
0.39%
4348.77
43.49
100%
INDUSTRIAL
PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES FOREST HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
KAGGALIPURA CONURBATION AREA
Kaggalipura is also recognized as an important growth node of the LPA and approximately 1.5 lakh of the future population of 2031 is distributed in this town. Industrial area on the cue to 37.77(1.71%) Ha have been proposed in the area for form the future economic base. The town has been proposed primarily as an institutional hub for the LPA.
P a g e | 142
MASTER PLAN -2031
96
95
78
75
IRR 110
112
102
103
98
99
100
97 170
96
95
212
28
58
32
29
31
34 33
27 TEMPLE
54 55 56
191
235
190
171
189
188
239
GABBADIKAVAL (P)
215
38
224 232 227 223 228 229 251 230 250
PRIMARY SCHOOL
3 2
116
4
115
9
49
35 37 40
36
41
44
46
24 ¬ «
113
59
57
58
56
51
50 55 54
60
104
97 98
47
45
8
110
49
48
KEY MAP
105
102
52 51
30 ¬ «
KAGGALAHALLI
MD R Kaggalipura
! (
100
65
61
1
255
MD R
52 256
53
68 70
69
S
101
GABBADI
-3
D M
gar a
1405955
90 ¬ «
15 ¬ «
¬ «
90
12 ¬ «
N
1405955
R MD
90 ¬ «
09 H-2
Sathanur
! 9 ( -20 MDR H N
INDEX 2
15 ¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
HAROHALLI
DYAVASANDRA
90 ¬ «
¬ «
Major District Road Village/Other Road Railway Line Railway Station
Cadastral Hillock
¬ «
¬ «
Cadastral Tank
NH - 209 By-Pass
12 ¬ «
NH -2 0
¬ «
R
¬ «
To An e
¬ «
18 ¬ «
BHEEMASANDRA (P)
¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
RR Road
60
11.63%
Transportation
547.16
12.58%
Water Bodies
156.86
3.61%
83.49 0.00 0.00
Hillock's/Quarry's
0
315
%
505.94
118.49
16.89
Grand Total
630
µ 1,260
4348.77
1,890
4.24% 2.72% 1.92% 0.00% 0.00% 0.39%
100.00%
2,520
Meters
Government of Karnataka
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
CHEELURU
¬ «
90
d
¬ «
18 ¬ «
15 ¬ «
¬ «
TRR
29.67%
Forest
4
1398380
12 ¬ «
NH209
18 ¬ « 18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
90
1290.13
CHIKKADEVARAHALLI
¬ «
IRR
184.30
Agriculture
a R R Ro
1398380
24 ¬ «
¬ «
« ¬
90
33.24%
Public Utility
¬ «
¬ «
STRR
1445.50
Park & Openspace
18 ¬ «
JAKKASANDRA
Residential
Public & Semi-Public
BHEEMASANDRA (P)
KEERANAGERE
100
Area in Hectare
Industrial
1400905
15 ¬ «
¬ «
Landuse
Commercial
¬ «
MARALAGERE
¬ « ¬ « ¬ «
18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
Symbol
24 ¬ «
15 ¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
4
DEVARAKAGGALAHALLI
PRR
Proposed Landuse Analysis - Harohalli Conurbation
k al
¬ «
¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
3
60
18 ¬ « 18 ¬ « 18 ¬ « 18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
BHEEMASANDRA
18 18 18
1400905
¬ «
18 ¬ « 18 ¬ «
24 ¬ «
¬ «
24 ¬ «
BANNIKUPPE
R IR
15 ¬ «
¬ «
9
3
IR
30
Proposed Roads
15 ¬ «
¬ «
12 ¬ «
« ¬
b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
¬ « «¬
¬ «
¬ «
Village Boundary
Drainage
¬ «
¬ «
State Highway
Electric power lines
1403430
HULUGONDANAHALLI
Conurbation Boundary
Building
MARASANDRA
¬ «
24 ¬ «
1403430
¬ «
24 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
IR R
15
¬ «
¬ «
National Highway
Survey No Boundary
¬ «
¬ «
L.P.A. Boundary
<> <>
NH-2 09
HOSAKOTE
<> <>
18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
2
90 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
-3 SH
M DR
¬ «
¬ «
MD R
Kanakapura
m
¬ «
MD R
! (
GABBADIKAVAL
¬ «
Harohalli
M DR
! (
67
64 63
66
244 62 WATER 109 108 249 73 111 245 TANK 74 71 127 83 117 84 72 114 178 246 248 118 113 75 81 80 175 247 126 93 179 119 181 77 128 120 125 107 3 91 82 90 115 89 165 180 78 82 134 130 121 124 172 141 136 129 130 81 76 79 129 161 164 83 171 123 106 100 159 167 142 133 88 133 122 163 116 123 127 86 87 140 166 117 158 160 98 128 169 131 99 80 85 101 119 118 145 157 162 132 84 259 124 132 122 147 126 79 105 156 155 146 TEMPLE 91 77 96 97 148 78 131 125 85 52 103 53 135 54 164 165 166 176 177 178 76 95 134 120 4 153 150 154 149 13 15 179 51 86 75 257 25 55 2 94 258 81 5 8 23 104 93 61 60 151 136 27 72 28 71 88 14 24 87 80 12 6 74 62 56 152 137 90 21 38 22 89 68 92 29 13 73 17 18 14 70 59 79 50 37 11 168 260 82 138 66 49 20 69 21 67 30 139 7 15 63 39 13 36 1 78 BUS 16 96 8 58 57 14 23 140 83 198 17 12 160 161 48 167 65 102 40 19 STAND 6 35 47 25 33 18 64 142 42 162 141 10 84 197 11 24 163 34 87 77 91 41 26 30 90 2 3 41 MOSQUE 2 143 159 9 24 PRIMARY 29 196 90 PRIMARY GOVT 1 5 PETROL BUNK 97 86 165 42 74 SCHOOL 44 3 144 9 15 32 4 45 MOSQUE SCHOOL OFFICE 167 5 75 88 80 85 157 158 78 24 79 166 32 33 98 45 MOSQUE 44 52 8 16 17 92 169 77 168 33 76 PRIMARY SCHOOL 145 146 169 73 TEMPLE 170 65 76 75 66 74 1 30 59 TEMPLE 156 18 34 30 33 46 73 TEMPLE 101 28 58 62 147 103 64 BUS STAND 19 62 155 WATER 53 60 155 72 100 2 3 99 57 61 49 148 43 42 20 68 TANK 48 4 24 26 61 154 72 Pyramid 47 71 27 60 51 63 90 TEMPLE 87 44 63 21 149 50 Valley 70 117 156 26 54 86 NURSERY HIGH 68 64 1 111 8 57 59 45 116 126 150 22 127 SCHOOL SCHOOL 83 635 95 32 28 104 PRIMARY 88 55 54 TEMPLE 25 55 633 65 153 8 41 84 7 151 56 46 56 19 SCHOOL 52 634 153 92 97 96 636 114 115 118 20 31 123 23 125 85 726 152 94 95 94 93 24 82 91 30 93 51 66 22 1 8 113 9 89 29 21 69 53 98 632 119 99 100 101 17 10 11 638 124 637 105 20 631 35 80 730 WATER 40 641 12 39 110 89 37 122 104 103 642 21 19 36 120 121 18 111 18 TANK 731 18 630 102 646 647 48 109 17 639 81 648 50 157 17 103 105 106 107 49 625 TEMPLE 29 70 640 38 16 161 14 643 649 13 19 100 30 10 627 110 16 14 15 16 15 107 108 811 645 623 108 28 9 24 25 9 35 626 12 812 15 0 334 172 TEMPLE 9 10 13 162 105 661 129 71 31 109 106 650 36 622 PRIMARY SCHOOL 621 102 667 151 622 20 27 22 130 11 654 655 8 652 104 23 665 99 644 7 195 14 628 547 32 30 26 24 134 133 619 660 131 180 2 651 94 WATER 620 658 21 666 609 816 34 21 612 726 49 618 135 546 24 TANK 95 96 26 12 PRIMARY 3 4 5 610 22 6 653 656 659 93 702 548 657 28 158 WATER 8 136 187 545 27 33 92 37 24 23 143 SCHOOL 90 815 22 549 552 38 611 674 TANK 138 607 25 91 544 7 20 TEMPLE 32 31 671 670 89 6 29 800 5 139 GOVT 41 550 39 188 26 29 88 606 675 673 551 163 85 802 35 PETROL PRIMARY 42 733 605 141 FAIR 34 2 86 728 40 3 87 24 604 VETINARY 669 30 28 BUNK 44 84 SCHOOL 543 672 536 559 PRICE SHOP 36 576 TEMPLE 23 53 HOSPITAL 27 189 603 83 59 54 32 734 18 39 577 535 542 602 25 18 BANK 31 159 52 HOSTEL 82 PRIMARY 45 58 174 55 57 190 56 573 47 160 601 560 181 33 539 40 38 SCHOOL 18 34 37 599 50 677 GOVT OFFICE 8 578 150 48 182 81 848 51 57 572 56 600 191 183 579 808 52 36 561 570 39 41 580 35 44 71 598 50 856 PRIMARY 17 199 571 WATER 53 689 COLLEGE 67 149 740 681 54 51 538 809 49 569 186 37 68 TEMPLE 43 SCHOOL 42 TANK NURSERY SCHOOL 66 581 596 751 597 55 70 810 14 TEMPLE 1 537 5 73 185 76 75 74 582 15 79 101 39 693 45 48 47 145 65 53 171 60 586 847 536 568 567 696 699 NURSERY 595 583 51 739 56 152 184 72 70 692 161 164 148 584 HOSPITAL SCHOOL 41 817 843 765 563 593 69 165 739 587 585 PRIMARY SCHOOL 529 820 160 163 403 78 594 BANK 700 50 71 566 38 91 90 89 100 102 564 818 532 42 72 591 592 153 154 TEMPLE 96 8 9 WATER 159 77 823 826 64 533 588 404 698 63 819 61 49 62 95 166 830 43 590 854 7 4 58 59 449 2 152 155 TEMPLE 74 8 530 422 TANK 57 94 822 727 825 828 1 436 589 69 167 169 531 6 44 47 518 446 93 88 HOSPITAL 769 103 527 450 856 37 87 99 147 158 247 192 4 222 156 448 517 194 48 525 98 705 438 105 443 1 92 702 5 TEMPLE 168 193 61 854 832 456 447 244 220 829 524 60 151 445 HIGH 2 46 9 430 BUS 1 440 439 442 1 157 85 519 515 457 453 455 MOSQUE SCHOOL 84 5 0 62 833 526 831 859 704 30 521 520 86 218 219 146 246 NURSERY 733 245 STAND 392 83 393 394 444 424 97 70 853 523 454 104 NURSERY SCHOOL 63 838 425 426 427 227 200 PRIMARY SCHOOL 145 SCHOOL 779 775 TEMPLE 76 36 512 PRIMARY SCHOOL 69 86 391 395 108 65 399 90 88 87 82 412 89 HIGH 140 422 92 51 226 71 52 852 223 420 743 150 396 TEMPLE 761 146 728 35 741 50 138 34 81 459 778 511 510 200 742 107 SCHOOL 458 93 142 TEMPLE 149 414 415 419 400 411 522 513 64 24 397 790 155 144 136 763 98 777 873 139 25 72 TEMPLE 509 508 766 225 84 65 68 23 49 131 138 401 TEMPLE 80 149 161 188 77 407 192 409 148 137 22 507 105 TEMPLE 388 131 744 53 140 148 745 143 746 27 729 54 147 135 402 104 462 461 33 164 48 119 189 26 228 73 386 21 66 75 32 0 221 134 506 806 3 67 356 19 481 480 385 118 168 83 251 170 47 43 115 191 190 838 130 188 224 109 133 77 76 193 379 479 83 20 505 799 55 413 414 125 126 113 194 384 56 41 40 186 116 464 463 112 482 132 28 706 374 373 354 800 529 46 191 WATER 357 192 483 80 79 405 170 81 4 124 504 111 117 2 185 129 29 30 31 TANK TEMPLE 79 122 466 836 382 353 57 114 WATER 787 PRIMARY 17 16 8 127 195 184 375 5 503 187 110 171 NURSERY 213 465 194 1 197 198 203 128 190 484 381 834 708 TEMPLE 377 TANK 79 502 SCHOOL 352 351 120 107 173 709 1 12 116 171 181 PRIMARY SCHOOL SCHOOL 58 44 42 871 199 501 376 212 485 PRIMARY 337 119 196 781 3 TEMPLE 6 1 2 182 180 115 336 322 321 499 498 TEMPLE 15 204 208 214 GOVT OFFICE SCHOOL 350 466 172 TEMPLE 173 117 NURSERY SCHOOL 366 369 371 174 326 15 500 5 4 186 378 5 9 WATER 365 318 59 112 200 206 467 346 178 118 349 486 707 784 1 328 176 68 367 13 73 358 106 10 172 870 TANK 798 15 710 205 14 6 185 493 217 177 232 174 175 348 PRIMARY 104 105 338 493 7 60 469 368 370 319 111 240 494 495 4 3 359 15 SCHOOL 108 335 329 175 364 103 100 8 470 11 74 184 179 178 747 339 241 317 180 748 99 110 492 181 496 318 867 218 478 316 2 782 330 315 176 234 66 65 10 9 12 488 102 361 344 244 44 61 363 491 239 340 109 231 177 41 43 219 28 47 49 97 183 345 182 472 362 83 471 12 86 98 24 489 11 62 75 242 866 801 858 67 334 331 711 314 313 311 750 13 48 81 84 46 65 749 96 783 59 220 95 360 66 490 64 243 23 245 238 236 233 85 230 48 89 859 51 63 232 14 57 474 347 864 68 80 27 312 59 46 47 53 712 90 93 4 24 20 15 94 221 333 860 56 88 239 18 36 305 307 40 60 61 343 227 246 247 58 862 87 38 91 237 475 55 304 310 76 77 197 342 60 39 222 35 34 54 248 306 865 228 37 214 62 56 341 332 785 57 80 226 33 75 29 861 308 5 473 303 284 74 92 309 797 54 43 TEMPLE 22 3 32 18 223 253 249 30 213 7 251 869 72 1 PRIMARY 2 477 476 217 32 54 85 225 25 37 29 28 6 239 21 31 73 33 75 302 3 252 8 6 28 71 SCHOOL 27 254 301 300 212 83 31 53 297 30 53 26 224 30 4 29 40 WATER TANK 65 299 298 54 70 211 240 713 199 2 PRIMARY SCHOOL 24 55 68 64 726 296 9 24 31 25 10 76 51 24 13 30 63 36 34 69 5 25 262 261 295 WATER 56 64 PRIMARY 7 12 78 712 2 52 47 51 210 39 23 32 294 46 716 67 200 1 66 868 77 22 23 11 55 33 35 21 5 TANK 61 50 50 14 293 SCHOOL 259 79 84 15 58 262 57 325 65 69 34 265 8 279 860 16 292 66 9 49 81 36 TEMPLE 42 11 805 52 263 717 22 62 17 18 230 869 48 209 270 86 51 291 64 18 257 241 229 288 59 264 3 44 45 63 63 10 45 73 68 38 PRIMARY SCHOOL 80 92 21 201 91 1 5 67 20 266 38 68 268 850 44 60 19 290 205 69 844 21 20 250 84 83 82 62 61 62 18 264 90 89 78 47 12 13 48 39 74 276 46 215 72 278 271 242 41 87 849 843 238 723 43 40 849 289 18 74 73 72 18 65 277 324 79 43 26 208 8 281 70 69 61 19 42 70 32 35 273 148 82 9 804 272 42 71 202 29 28 31 36 35 23 24 60 20 275 237 279 41 25 26 33 59 57 287 171 136 GOVT H85 884 40 71 19 N 274 27 TEMPLE 75 86 16 41 73 56 OFFICE 37 280 18 203 63 72 138 15 236 34 17 840 74 22 842 30 204 235 41 841 70 791 39 35 51 249 169 155 64 12 792 16 137 150 77 283 58 76 216 38 139 11 55 40 157 286 720 243 38 34 793 286 179 718 152 115 430 721 234 167 49 140 71 178 154 150 62 156 431 75 151 432 48 47 13 722 14 76 50 44 172 719 153 66 189 63 39 47 46 43 10 9 67 74 352 33 43 41 285 186 182 90 37 36 180 88 89 187 60 92 46 181 141 44 231 183 144 144 149 185 190 4 2 353 205 77 351 65 64 68 188 350 45 38 37 59 32 73 72 27 36 48 206 95 177 355 28 99 114 53 52 146 184 132 23 168 22 96 98 193 69 354 35 57 117 49 86 25 91 85 95 70 53 51 48 192 94 97 118 66 56 54 356 97 100 113 31 112 50 124 55 78 84 96 131 50 58 55 83 81 79 43 56 TEMPLE 93 102 90 83 18 101 99 194 147 51 171 67 361 40 44 45 46 104 82 360 357 92 82 80 NURSERY 111 91 89 3 0 38 30 TEMPLE 4 92 130 65 100 101 94 93 81 NURSERY 32 125 SCHOOL 14 29 69 78 68 1 36 31 172 80 5 142 79 59 84 85 SCHOOL 3 362 PRIMARY SCHOOL 86 91 90 359 34 358 2 110 12 BANK 145 16 11 42 143 103 77 129 102 120 6 26 87 15 64 146 173 27 28 88 9 POST 112 111 70 10 24 166 109 18 105 7 8 97 76 17 88 147 363 13 63 89 112 OFFICE 87 158 21 104 126 20 106 142 364 161 19 128 174 23 148 7 WATER 127 19 159 1 111 62 60 75 6 9 113 175 365 71 108 22 TEMPLE 18 160 119 20 12 11 110 TANK 99 86 195 4 16 3 8 107 15 107 106 53 5 340 341 143 110 163 162 121 122 101 145 10 54 114 14 109 141 85 18 139 13 PRIMARY 82 74 27 108 147 100 34 339 TEMPLE 164 166 57 12 176 105 138 148 11 24 170 139 116 21 56 31 SCHOOL COLLEGE 81 130 132 84 8 146 165 28 29 140 32 33 25 115 129 133 79 102 26 10 136 137 149 HIGH 7 117 138 3 335 VETINARY 167 78 58 156 4 9 134 1 83 145 77 141 23 437 SCHOOL 1 153 154 137 334 HOSPITAL 157 381 118 150 76 75 59 143 73 22 429 5 6 151 103 43 47 332 142 2 128 158 74 73 6 48 344 349 2 333 191 152 155 117 116 60 109 105 40 136 3 167 166 156 49 308 135 337 44 428 42 121 159 72 TEMPLE 34 18 328 120 61 41 126 39 342 18 164 72 169 157 119 380 51 50 348 306 307 114 115 118 120 168 7 309 327 123 163 125 35 379 121 38 53 134 133 305 324 345 52 37 71 168 347 311 165 160 170 18 326 124 122 162 119 325 169 170 304 127 126 125 196 172 TEMPLE 303 123 122 427 70 144 124 346 312 171 123 40 PRIMARY 424 66 161 30 323 18 425 27 9 68 67 45 301 302 313 368 26 322 321 SCHOOL 434 162 174 5 295 163 128 25 24 373 129 130 131 173 300 194 382 189 18 20 151 423 10 315 57 314 281 299 320 190 192 135 143 12 294 65 144 56 23 176 18 188 46 411 412 14 297 319 422 134 133 154 283 282 280 421 22 21 15 11 191 1 8 293 374 132 55 24 316 159 177 Jain 145 155 178 298 179 39 284 181 410 160 8 289 285 420 154 University 161 146 317 187 419 383 180 286 225 292 226 183 127 279 9 384 288 7 444 378 182 160 418 291 163 162 176 223 11 391 141 64 370 6 10 185 152 208 318 287 409 149 38 290 175 184 172 278 GOVT 442 203 417 165 186 5 210 TEMPLE 408 140 150 204 198 169 173 386 OFFICE 166 377 273 416 0 3 37 277 415 371 170 274 275 214 174 385 167 18 2 268 220 414 407 4 WATER TANK 169 12 165 164 272 PRIMARY 35 206 206 213 199 36 231 376 372 127 GOVT OFFICE 3 271 SCHOOL 276 413 406 17 16 219 269 270 137 13 15 63 128 32 31 207 199 210 205 TEMPLE 18 62 PRIMARY 134 30 267 266 129 125 264 209 153 366 439 375 14 230 204 209 26 19 265 210 SCHOOL 405 21 PRIMARY 130 121 207 TEMPLE 392 208 443 203 259 20 122 24 28 29 211 402 133 115 22 258 206 208 116 SCHOOL 135 262 263 211 245 393 TEMPLE 120 445 218 28 21 22 201 212 217 118 260 401 27 369 261 202 198 114 29 26 23 132 19 198 246 247 257 200 216 200 215 195 197 109 24 254 25 389 20 18 256 213 1 30 112 216 31 8 215 400 435 244 248 136 199 249 250 255 180 33 111 17 32 212 TEMPLE 225 197 36 224 243 178 35 207 238 214 37 34 398 181 182 110 253 251 404 15 397 38 399 203 252 14 204 229 39 226 241 201 195 447 237 202 40 242 12 223 222 43 60 58 42 WATER 10 396 68 403 451 183 196 56 196 205 446 236 52 18 41 44 TANK 108 232 229 61 240 227 9 69 184 13 440 72 57 221 202 59 53 45 185 235 176 395 73 51 TEMPLE PRIMARY SCHOOL 55 4 394 46 8 187 438 64 66 242 TEMPLE 239 441 50 49 TEMPLE 54 387 48 71 PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY 62 GOVT 194 36 107 PRIMARY 231 63 450 47 98 192 100 35 SCHOOL 5 388 449 TEMPLE OFFICE 6 7 190 23 74 86 87 88 SCHOOL 97 37 25 99 193 85 75 56 186 30 2 34 191 42 448 101 33 227 80 31 24 128 92 93 82 76 79 43 22 96 90 26 29 83 188 32 79 103 102 129 169 168 194 196 235 38 302 27 81 43 167 94 78 66 85 81 84 189 77 187 95 41 78 80 62 60 59 58 28 160 42 304 91 209 44 83 20 301 86 19 53 303 77 82 54 131 166 195 41 40 44 130 228 63 194 18 39 87 71 64 55 75 93 92 205 17 45 167 218 189 238 222 88 190 237 47 305 76 52 74 51 197 221 46 306 21 46 90 89 313 300 TEMPLE 219 75 16 91 165 73 73 239 217 48 74 49 113 50 76 77 193 94 15 45 13 14 312 97 299 96 NURSERY 49 307 78 48 47 95 179 178 308 SCHOOL 192 104 111 81 164 298 240 51 311 83 191 84 98 71 68 220 100 79 310 52 82 6 GOVT 65 7 309 12 WATER 297 236 PRIMARY 110 52 49 62 241 50 10 69 315 99 101 163 80 FAIR PRICE 314 86 67 85 54 TANK217 109 66 SCHOOL 9 47 234 64 1 SHOP 53 53 88 11 102 106 48 196 87 63 65 150 67 57 59 60 61 107 197 66 162 296 90 210 103 55 57 149 TEMPLE TEMPLE 89 44 45 343 224 56 344 197 104 91 105 209 321 92 59 204 102 PRIMARY 55 107 106 105 342 215 PRIMARY 205 69 148 SCHOOL 104 127 345 295 198 341 100 94 93 148 232 61 SCHOOL 57 58 60 294 70 340 108 190 191 160 161 147 145 142 139 72 71 56 320 163 322 161 159 337 338 109 206 207 53 54 107
114 112
KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA
50
106
103
57
92
20
24 ¬ «
53
24
1
91
19
48
BETTAHALLIKAVAL
90
21
3 SH
a na R am
108
111
« ¬24
109
30
211
214
59
47
23
22
YADAMADU
18 46
44 43 60
65 64
37
11 10
FOR
H
From
MUDENAHALLI
172
173
209
213
63
66
67
62
12
16 17
15
45
42 61
13
14
39 NURSERY SCHOOL 43 216 195 198 23 HIGH NURSERY 16 217 17 SCHOOL 219 15 218 SCHOOL 194 196 197 200 205 PRIMARY 18 14 21 PRIMARY SCHOOL SCHOOL 226 225 222 193 6 7 192 234 220 221 20 10 11 233 5 254 199
105
24 ¬ «
87 88
68
69
33
39
40 41
WATER TANK
72
210
208
201 203 204
86
71
TEMPLE
89
2
85
73
24 31 32
22
21
POST OFFICE 93 35 NURSERY GOVT 10 9 SCHOOL 36 OFFICE
3
70
202
20
8
84
74
77
76
106
7
4
82 81
80
17
12
6 83
16
774236
NH - 9 20
13
5
94
15
F
771686
NH-2 09
VADERAHALLI 41
1
E
769136
SH - 92
D
766586
R
C
764036
1408480
B
30 ¬ «
761486
30 ¬ «
A
1408480
758936
¬ «
758936
A
RAMAPURA
9 NH-20
GANALU CHIKKAMUDUWADI
761486
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
B
764036
RAYASANDRA C
766586
D
769136
E
771686
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
F
774236
M a p T itle
18 ¬ «
BANDIGANAHALLI
30 ¬ «
DODDAMUDUWADI
5
1395855
5
Proposed Landuse Harohalli
S ca le : 1:25,000
Map No: 45
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
53.52% of area has been proposed for residential use while 5.48% of area is under commercial use. 12.21% is devoted to public and semi-public use. 13.24% of the area is dedicated to transportation and 7.51% of the area is under parks and other open spaces. The rest of the area is comprised of quarries, water bodies and agriculture as shown in the table below.
Table 9.4: Kaggalipura proposed landuse statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
1183.62
11.84
53.52%
COMMERCIAL
121.30
1.21
5.48%
INDUSTRIAL
37.77
0.38
1.71%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
270.11
2.70
12.21%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
166.12
1.66
7.51%
PUBLIC UTILITY
78.99
0.79
3.57%
TRANSPORTATION
292.71
2.93
13.24%
AGRICULTURE
0.00
0.00
0.00%
WATER BODIES
60.94
0.61
2.76%
FOREST
0.00
0.00
0.00%
HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S
0.00
0.00
0.00%
2211.56
22.12
100%
GRAND TOTAL
SATHANUR CONURBATION AREA
Sathanur has been proposed as a major growth node in the LPA in future. Almost 0.9 lakh population has been distributed in Sathanur. The total proposed conurbation area is 18.81 sqkm. 40.61% to the total area has been reserved for residential purposes while 32.57% has been reserved for industrial use. 5.03% of the land is proposed to be under commercial use while another 2.20% has been reserved for public and semi-public use. 3.86% of the area is under parks and open spaces. The rest of the area has been dedicated to quarries, water bodies and agriculture as seen in the table below.
P a g e | 143
MASTER PLAN -2031
177
176
273 275
101
10
11
12
18
13
1375987
95
96 94
99
82
98
91 93
83 90
92
To
Ch
a ar am
a jan
ga
r
74
87
73
6
60 56
8
9
1
19
18
80
78
76 70 72
71
79
9 -20 NH
10
12
11
66
67 69
55 64
21
54
60
61 59
38
58
40
39
127 47
9 -20 NH
166
41
30
¬ «
171
23
182 169 170 180
44
25
39 38
48
28
42
32 31
37 36
65
29
30
44 41
27
33 35 30
¬ «
34
66
67
69
64 63
62 61
72 71
70
73
74
72
74
59
76 58
57
56
55 53
51
54 47
1374452
46
56
50
30 ¬ «
54
55
53
52 51
79
50
89
48
102 94
91
29
30
44
40
97
39
169
29
31
15
125
119 120
21
20
117
147
142
139
140
55
54
75
73 77
78
36
17 56
72
79
57 58
61
¬ «
35
60
38
23
20
61
26
47
48
49 53
7
NH - 9 20
! 9 ( -20 MDR H N
60
59
INDEX
76
2
52
National Highway
Conurbation Boundary
State Highway
Village Boundary
Major District Road
Survey No Boundary
51
50
L.P.A. Boundary
Village/Other Road
Building
63
Railway Line
Electric power lines
24
62
Drainage
Railway Station
Cadastral Hillock
¬ «
30
Proposed Roads
Cadastral Tank
NH - 209 By-Pass
Township Boundary
63
b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
3
PRR
100
STRR
90
IRR
90
TRR
90
RR Road
60
Landuse Analysis - Sathanur Conurbation
Symbol
Landuse
25 26
Area in Hectare
Residential
%
763.73
40.61%
612.48
32.57%
72.61
3.86%
94.56
Commercial Industrial
Public & Semi-Public
5.03%
41.43
Park & Openspace Public Utility
135 137
128
174 175 176
5
1
4
177 178
187
185
172
141
181 182
189
188
169
171
168
191
166
165
164
163
162 154
142
167
180
183
140
170
173
179
186 2
139 138
153
2.20%
8.60
0.46%
Transportation
247.22
13.14%
Water Bodies
40.12
2.13%
0.00
Hillock's/Quarry's Total
0.00%
0.00
Forest
155
0.00%
0.00
0.00%
1880.77
100.00%
152
156
151 150
158 149
196
375
750
1,125
1,500
Meters
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
192 198
5
159
KADAHALLI
199
193
194
147
200
146
751147
187.5
µ
Government of Karnataka
143
157
0
190
160 197
161
148
C
09 H-2
Agriculture
13 6
SH - 92
M DR
66
62
54
MD R
Kanakapura
! (
33
122
121
12
NH-2 09
R 58
MD R
N
65
34
46
-3
Sathanur
67
108 66 76 138 143 2 151 347 1 81 149 150 137 107 135 152 18 136 65 64 88 133 109 343 134 82 161 153 89 132 114 111 110 160 130 87 106 154 86 83 113 131 129 162 155 112 85 84 115 159 91 128 90 105 104 127 116 103 117 157 120 125 102 124 119 92 156 163 158 30 126 100 101 118 123 93 121 94 98 122 99 97 96 95
¬ «
59
69
68
19
18
71 80
37
S
Harohalli
M DR
! (
68
64
45
44
MD R
67
21
39
70
74 52
43
1
1379057
RR R oad
144
141
51
¬ «
53
15
16 34
15
14
66
15
16
126 131 133 127 130 134 136 129
124
123
184
749612
145
50
33
36 35
48
49
45
38
10
423
63
115
118
22
37
8
5
B
146
37
39
46
9
31
364
92
! (
D M
33
DESHOHALLI 42
91
MD R Kaggalipura
62
53
55
41
90
93
116
3
748077
3
47
43 44
40
41
11
30 32
10
13
94
ACHALU
372
32
56
40
89
112
114
23
14 11
113
24
26
9
A
SATHANUR
42
11
344
12
7
367
61
4
98
25
10
746542
6
5
9
9
8 7
0 -2 NH
8
29
4
371
95
30
32
45
312 311 310
325
4
309
313
« ¬
5
368
366
68
30 1
365
365
96
30 ¬ «
16
38
19
18 17
99
34
35
39 41
96
27 36
42
46
329
¬ «
18
3
83
74
31
2
88
369
370
109 111
100
28
32 33
40
110
101 95
90 31
41
107
27
323
303 304 12 308 12
57
84
82
418
375
86
97 98
87
KEY MAP
103
13
23
28
34 36 35 38 37
43
42
197
164
170
314
148
12
10
17
21 22
44
171
198
165 167 166 168
11
14
18
20
47
195
342
328
2
¬ «
324
12 ¬ «
327
12
6
71
72
25 22
26
27 28
13
22
81
99
102
102
373
69
70
9 -20 NH
101
108
93 92
106
103
86
88
4
48
49
172
7
83
59 58 57
104
85
43 45
60
62
49
52
75
3 5 6
1
84
19
199
1
8
85
82
81
80
9
150
200
196
173
2
149
87 157 151 86
105
80
77
79
61
87
78
78
73
83 84
82 81
75
60
71
63
64
68
76
KEMMALE
65
177
24
70
68
66
181 179 174 176 175 178
77
177
201
341
315
322
326
302
15
14
27
25
17 16
305 307
24
18
95 306
300
301
321
12 ¬ «
330
340
204
194
174
176
339
295
318
331
338
205
193 192
175
178
146 88 147
91
191
190
145
¬ «
92
93
94
69
67
167
95
¬ «
334
276
202
12 187
189
90 89 30
97
113
168
43
128
96
184
188
148
100 99 98
186
183
179
203
320
336 337 335
274
9 -20 NH
220
¬ «
144
268
335
277
272 270 275 271 269 208 210 207 206 212 211 213 209
185
103
101
111 112
104
221
182
24
181 180 143
219
232
234
142
222
273
267
265 266 260 261 217 262 224 214 225 218
228
233
235
106
102
110
238
133 105
107
229
231
141
132
109
239
236
134
131
108
114
42
173
47
186
115
116
131
46
164
163
40
135
130
129 165
140
126
128
185
161 162
268
127
49
49
43 57
35 36 132
125
153
184
160
139
227
230
237
124
154
183 34
126
22
53
62 68
37
117
26
46 45
63 56
227
45
51 50
52
226
228
20 13
225
235
48
50
229
234
30
51
135 52 53
14
65
65
54
15
112
66
63
64
55
16
7
62
233 236
HONNIGANAHALLI 75
86
25
2
111
77
85
5
3
17
26
108
110 81
24
4
107
84
89
88
4
100
282
61
59
27
23
105 106
109
101
97
22
15
104
28 21
16 42
102
20
17
14 103
7
19
57
67
33
29
187 152
136
252 346 255 250 251
240
241
226
278
284
299
23
77
103
85
79
374
67
29
28
¬ «
9
58
281
6
8
248
230
223
122
159 123
137 156 138
256
112
110 111
279
319
96
21
¬ «
32
5
4
30
33
247
28
27
118
222
158
249
8
282 283
298
317 316
291
97
75
78
73
71
376
93
80
72
19
21
20
377
74
72
73
12
3
68
224
119
32
120 121
257
107
9
296
94
¬ «
3
29
231
221
31
106
104
254
248
155
116
281
280
294
292
290
288
285
11
10
114
289
98 297
19
18
37
69
72
280
232
26
220
242 345
123
105
253
247
115
113
91
90
7
293
99
88
349
71
70
69
20
24
73
69
16
17
22
348
86
89
93
79
87
23
80
82
85
90
¬ «
92
100
101
18 ¬ «
2
129
83
70
71
73
82
25
219
244
243
217
218
23 24
216
103
286
12
¬ «
31
74
130
84
81
86
124
22
87
Township Area
215
245
92
89 246
109
108
13
12
MUDALASWAMIKUPPE
80
75
249
34
35
79
19
83
102
287 106
6
117
103 105
91
81
78
25
27
75
75
70
68
YADUGOWDANAHALLI
65
¬18 «
77
84
109
104 102
14
¬ «
279
85
18
21 20
90
213
214
82
88
84
81
93
94
1
112 113 111 HOLA 110
16 108
17
15
2
15 ¬ «
18
107
16
5
3
96
95
80
212 78
97
120
15 ¬ «
19
101
119
18 ¬ «
18
12
36
133
88
91
14 125
124
174
20
4
100
99
85
79
211
17
75
196 129
126
98
130
188 187 189 136
171
76
210
15
16
77
122
13
2
89
92
95
76
103
98
94
77
278
40
93
78
1
104
100
99
250
251
252
41
38
102
96
121
16 15
12
3
125
131
175
26
25
17
83
29
15
237
120
73
193
127
166
74
190 128
86
69
72
4
17
209
5
7
105
134
253
106
108
97
238
39
107
207
11
70
14
3
68
132
21
15
12 ¬ «
1
SASALAPURA
109
240
239
116
241
274
111
1377522
242
118 119
208
206
10
9
5
191
118
19
DALIMBA
66
26
28
14
15
« ¬
276
110
243
244
245
113
8
18
198
199
205
117
115
200
71
2
133
192
138
67
66
1
6
64
139
62
134
27
173
24
76
64
68
67
1
11
74
66
67
15
246
277
179
201
182
180
114
112
2
178
202
19
8
63
170
22
137
14
69
75
1
63
70
10
9
13
76
94 96 97 98
100
<> <>
254
181
270
7
65
61
194
12 ¬ « 20
71
12
8
2
144
76
101
99
120
104
KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA
106 105
<> <>
255
204
158
9
20
197
25
57
2
13
73
74
3
11
21
28
135
ANAMANAHALLI
12
62
7
77
65
100
95
107
106
108 105
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
144 201
145
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
D
752682
E
754217
F
M a p T itle
159
21
165
60
22
3
4
92
109
1377522
169
172
160
196
24
10
194
26
58
59
4
31
29
51
61
58
72
50
5
5
79
110
1375987
161
271
203
11
23
162
56
167
49
57
60
121
91
78
64
136
1374452
170
157
195
22
193
¬ «
54
23
10
52
6
82
90
1372917
1379057
162
192
29
28
15 55
168
12 ¬ «
30
12 ¬ «
6
53
59
83
80
THOTAHALLI
62
¬ «30
171
147
191
190
27
NARIPURA
184
145
163
141
49
32
33
23
47
48
56
54
81
89
-3 SH
168
189
148 146
156
163
12
272
34
9
Township Area
58 63
54
55
46
114
7
8
24
36
35
27
59
86
85
84
FOR
F
3 SH
175
149
186
50
51
53
40
37
143
142
140
164
13
145
48
25
39
38
144
41
145
KACHAVANAHALLI
45
40
39
44
754217
R MD
173
150 155
164
167
144
185
146
147
121
152
26
43
E
H
174
154
269
151
28
24 ¬ «
166
267
151
153
142 141
148
52
30
136
137
150
42
29
38
42
60
152
165
257
188
33
153
159
15 ¬ «
187
138
140
143
31
149
43
160 161
41
55
¬15 «
258
34
139
181
47
30
37
«9 ¬
265
260
32
46
198 199
44
32
124
119
56
¬ «9
259
1
256
261
184
185
186
123
183
158
45
31
116
109
58
57
36
752682
24 ¬ «
266
197
157
122
154
105
61
35
12 ¬ «
262
182
87
183
264
HOSAHALLI
176
33
110
24 ¬ «
263
156
108
106
18 ¬ «
HALASINAMARADAHALLI
103
142
172
Township Area
178
39
177
155
12 ¬ «
38
180
15 ¬ «
32
169
D
751147
18 ¬ «
20
179
KABBAL
96
37
18 ¬ «
33
34
C
749612
30 ¬ «
31 30
B
12 ¬ «
748077
30 ¬ «
A
746542
Proposed Landuse Sathanur
S ca le : 1:15,000
Map No: 47
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Table 9.5: Sathanur proposed landuse statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
763.73
7.64
40.61%
COMMERCIAL
94.56
0.95
5.03%
INDUSTRIAL
612.48
6.12
32.57%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
41.43
0.41
2.20%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
72.61
0.73
3.86%
PUBLIC UTILITY
8.60
0.09
0.46%
247.22
2.47
13.14%
Agriculture
0.00
0.00
0.00%
WATER BODIES
40.12
00.40
2.13%
Forest
0.00
0.00
0.00%
Hillock's/Quarry's
0.00
0.00
0.00%
1880.77
18.81
100.00%
TRANSPORTATION
GRAND TOTAL
KANAKAPURA LPA
The overall statistics of the LPA as per proposal of Master Plan 2031 is given in the table below. The total conurbation area is 11233.27 Ha as shown in the table below.
Table 9.6 A: Conurbation area statistics-2031 Category
AREA (In Ha)
Percentage
11233.27
27.2%
204.42
0.5%
AREA BEYOND CONURBATION (agricultural zone)
29840.31
72.3%
TOTAL LPA
41277.99
100.00%
TOTAL CONURBATION AREA DEVELOPED AREA BETWEEN KAGGALIPURA - HAROHALLI
The overall statistics of the four conurbations is as follows
P a g e | 144
MASTER PLAN -2031 A
768298
B
769528
C
770758
D
771988
E
773218
FOR
F
774448
KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA KEY MAP
152
111
157
15
¬ «
140 137
15
¬ «
139
169
166
420
391
431
63
419
421
167
62
¬ « 15
3 15 163
53 49 54
429 428
10 57
56
2
381
8 9
Ba
379
274
365
275
364 362
278
359
272
355
354
356
280
51
45 49 47
284
82
12
¬ « 7
46
59
57 61
8
9
6
10
77
76
4
60
75 81
¬ « 18
13
3
15
16
113
2
65 66
14
115
120 119
112
111
114
1 67
17
18
21
23
108
110
NH -2 0
9
12
¬ «
PRR
100
STRR
90
IRR
90
TRR
90
RR Road
60
18
<> <>
<> <>
Area in Hectare
Residential
1183.62
53.52%
37.77
1.71%
121.30
Industrial
Public & Semi-Public Park & Openspace
3.57%
13.24%
Water Bodies
60.94
2.76%
0.00 0.00
Hillock's/Quarry's
0.00
Total
12
¬ «
ALAKABELALU
78.99
7.51%
292.71
Forest
150
12.21%
Transportation Agriculture
0
5.48%
270.11 166.12
Public Utility
4
%
300
µ 600
2211.56
900
0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
100.00%
1,200
Meters
Government of Karnataka
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5
THATTAGUPPE
NELAGULI
769528
Landuse
¬ «
SOMANAHALLI
A
NH - 209 By-Pass
Commercial
¬ «
¬ «
12
18
¬ «
¬ «
THARALU
¬ «
768298
Symbol
15
¬ «
Proposed Roads
Cadastral Tank
128
18
¬ «
30
Proposed Landuse Analysis - Kaggalipura Conurbation
¬ «
15
¬ «
b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
Cadastral Hillock
22
24 31 25
118
Railway Station
3
GULAKAMALE
109
¬ «
Railway Line
20
NAGANAYAKANAHALLI
¬ «
Village/Other Road
35
19
12
63
64
11
5
62
80
283
Major District Road
Drainage
129
39
40
41
43
58
56
79
281 282
Village Boundary
Electric power lines
36
38
257
42
78
¬ «
¬ «
5
50
53
271
258
260 259
54 270 269 55
358 357
SH - 92
N
268
253
256
261
263
52
State Highway
Building
37
74 68 327 350 107 32 286 353 12 190 116 73 330 352 43 347 436 50 40 13 83 349 287 156 329 87 72 288 69 38 37 328 33 346 348 160 39 35 88 121 326 285 127 159 60 52 387 336 157 106 14 332 158 36 117 57 34 51 166 28 44 45 18 345 86 333 335 344 48 27 289 30 70 291 84 165 325 46 71 26 89 290 122 152 41 56 155 334 337 153 47 126 154 427 29 42 85 33 343 324 338 34 167 16 339 340 90 104 92 55 123 15 21 91 426 42 99 323 292 40 321 169 101 342 3 4 53 41 150 24 151 168 149 46 125 100 309 320 43 93 17 341 170 169 39 105 38 124 310 103 178 179 180 32 322 168 36 18 1 294 319 31 170 94 95 2 5 144 311 102 35 22 293 46 177 37 59 318 18 49 44 317 146 406 96 147 171 10 15 145 47 307 166 30 17 25 167 148 23 21 316 6 48 176 295 45 174 97 98 181 299 1 54 18 5 20 312 296 18 22 53 173 308 50 45 172 26 34 171 182 175 9 29 19 11 315 9 165 385 298 12 51 7 20 20 20 18 48 300 142 297 173 405 16 161 19 22 164 32 12 21 313 49 44 143 28 19 162 48 8 8 17 163 183 33 301 10 155 384 314 160 23 172 19 18 306 24 407 53 6 302 21 64 156 27 17 174 184 52 383 157 11 27 24 305 13 159 154 43 14 15 23 25 303 14 47 16 158 7 16 24 8 31 304 1 153 228 23 12 152 45 149 185 54 15 382 29 46 22 28 26 177 4 240 15 28 25 5 42 13 146 30 13 32 151 25 241 150 29 1 41 145 43 44 33 58 55 26 148 31 147 42 12 12 30 239 226 27 227 229 75 36 142 34 138 63 2 27 11 3 14 69 144 26 178 141 28 141 1 176 8 61 39 35 79 29 40 254 143 10 35 36 41 175 30 139 70 38 140 71 73 72 137 68 56 78 77 139 70 31 37 34 81 9 7 137 225 255 8 138 136 74 180 68 179 76 34 62 231 37 140 83 242 67 33 71 72 253 135 32 35 36 256 82 69 88 86 84 182 181 38 230 66 32 39 134 37 136 87 183 6 39 238 62 40 232 18 184 135 131 65 19 5 2 80 38 61 132 33 89 234 133 17 74 40 29 43 44 186 67 63 134 90 30 57 185 1 73 92 20 64 59 93 60 66 30 63 31 41 75 42 45 130 133 187 31 49 4 65 94 129 46 16 233 132 21 64 188 236 29 76 77 3 58 131 95 48 125 127 62 128 58 28 26 22 27 237 15 47 123 14 79 235 78 128 54 129 108 97 124 25 61 28 32 126 13 96 55 96 50 130 243 244 124 60 222 51 97 95 33 122 126 24 56 23 81 53 80 109 27 52 59 12 18 57 11 101 257 217 110 3 119 123 125 55 57 58 9 83 82 107 120 62 2 125 121 8 122 118 98 245 124 102 98 220 218 213 111 61 60 1 7 59 212 85 63 26 127 09 25 126 84 99 34 133 2 221 4 6 86 112 64 117 71 211 H 121 103 100 88 120 66 67 N 115 106 68 116 223 143 4 5 72 100 89 132 69 65 99 5 114 113 105 123 76 70 210 101 127 87 56 224 219 169 24 35 215 214 216 73 94 103 104 119 75 131 6 90 104 170 102 105 74 9 209 8 23 168 167 21 128 122 144 134 142 172 106 205 130 37 171 91 165 197 208 166 115 3 2 7 20 196 248 246 7 25 204 19 22 23 24 36 129 162 207 20 118 164 121 203 247 195 10 135 114 19 144 120 176 174 107 136 93 206 108 18 249 141 22 116 1 113 199 38 92 175 119 118 117 163 161 140 110 32 202 140 11 26 173 18 5 8 24 12 198 116 194 137 200 145 17 191 18 177 111 16 109 4 17 117 160 112 139 143 109 185 201 17 19 142 115 21 33 192 141 20 184 194 159 178 1 2 3 4 110 15 156 158 113 157 14 21 43 16 190 47 139 138 114 44 16 108 107 186 183 156 14 112 13 2 193 35 1 155 189 34 52 12 181 5 39 101 154 3 37 15 14 155 41 10 6 9 10 13 161 51 188 48 162 47 106 11 15 152 50 111 46 46 182 153 102 40 22 187 42 36 151 7 158 175 45 157 56 28 38 23 138 105 8 9 25 176 40 179 180 49 103 150 53 11 41 6 49 45 177 98 54 55 163 48 30 99 100 149 104 57 24 158 159 13 159 26 54 53 178 137 148 39 164
NH-2 09
R
1418291 265
279
277
262
252
254
255
264
266
267
276
K CHUDAHALLI
1414616
234
KAGGALIPURA
360 351
367
366
361
7
11
55
380
235
233
273
¬ «
368
236
227
375 369 374 83 370 377 376 373 100 371 378 372 82
251
249
232
228
222
85
363
6
221
229
NH - 9 20
re ng
alo 1
84
86
¬ « 12
Conurbation Boundary
¬ «
4
50
5
87
230 226
250
231
National Highway
¬ «
B
770758
C
771988
D
773218
E
774448
F
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
M a p T itle
162
52
3 4
220
223
237
210
L.P.A. Boundary
Survey No Boundary
248
238
1413391
161
430
48
69
68
74
225
247
¬ «
1415841
65
388
58
92
239
2
246
12
49
47
389
67
81
73 71
218 219
245
203
¬ «
216 217 224
INDEX
244
198 204 197 205 206 12 211 208 207 209
213
215
93
89
75
72 70
88
80
76
66
91
90
199
212
214
94
97
200
132
240
201 202
196
130
185
¬ «
¬ «
51
77 65
60
59
¬ « 189
61
95
79
78
64
390
18
138
99
131
129
98
425
170
133 128
96
101
135
134
127
118
102
100
392
168 136
104
¬ «
132
135
103
434
18
126
125
193
190
242
1417066
66
116 422 117
121
194 195
¬ «
105
393
141
119 120
191
09 H-2
! 9 ( -20 MDR H N
1415841
12
¬ «
124
188 189
M DR
Sathanur
1414616
112
151
64
65 134
131
63
67
133
110
395
144 141 147 142 146 140 139 138 18 136 137 145
241
MD R
! (
243
R
109
61
114
115
148
123
192
143
186 187
PR
62
122
46
58 59
149
184
18
69
113
177
178
183
¬ «
¬ «
68
60
110
33
112
111
108
106
176
182
12
18
15
¬ «
107
418
34
32
56
417
37
109
179
MD R
Kanakapura
¬ «
150
102
103
51
423
12
180
174
175
169
¬ «
-3
D M
12
15
¬ «
158
107 108
35
432
30
38
41
411 410
29
170
150
181
172 173
¬ «
149
70
100 101
36
55
15
105
104
40
57
71
¬ «
1418291
160
75
54
72
99 98
94
74
39
49 50
52
53
28
171
168
412
18
95
106
1417066
73
48
15
27
44 43 42
¬ «
25
S
Harohalli
M DR
! (
-3 SH
¬ « 15
76
20
167
409
31
165
3 SH
2
97
96
91
148
159
UTTARI
90
24
435
166
151
156
26
159 160
MD R
H
92
14 15
47
77
93
113
78
21
161
153
152
164
9 NH-20
146
45
46
23
15
1
R MD
89
87
147
81
10
79
80
22
155
154
155
163
162
158
«¬
12
88
19
142
156
416
413
154
18
R
86
85
125
82
83
126
124
PR
84
115
2
127
9
414
¬ «
8 116
114
17
16
123
117
145
143
415
¬ «
118
128 1
153
12
122
119
6
m
3 7
120
MD R Kaggalipura
! (
157
403
¬ «
1
402
144
130
121
24
Fr o
129
¬ «
30
5
¬ «
4
Proposed Landuse Kaggalipura
S ca le : 1:12,000
Map No: 44
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Table 9.6B: Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (Four Conurbations) LANDUSE
AREA ( IN HA)
AREA ( IN SQKM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
4514.04
45.14
40.18%
COMMERCIAL
652.05
6.52
5.80%
2334.48
23.34
20.78%
558.17
5.58
4.97%
1062.96
10.63
9.46%
203.82
2.04
1.81%
1497.56
14.98
13.33%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
335.96
3.36
2.99%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
74.23
0.74
0.66%
11233.27
112.33
100%
INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PARK & OPEN SPACE PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES Forest HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
The overall statistics of the four conurbations and developed area between Kaggalipura – Harohalli is given in the table below. Residential area forms 42.26% of the total combined conurbation limit and developed area between Kaggalipura - Harohalli, commercial, industrial, public and semi-public, parks & open spaces, public utility and transportation forms, 5.93%, 21.35%, 5.12%, 9.69%, 1.87% and 13.78% respectively.
Table 9.6C: Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (including the four conurbations and developed area between Kaggalipura – Harohalli) LANDUSE
AREA ( IN HA)
AREA ( IN SQKM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
4660.09
46.60
40.74%
COMMERCIAL
653.95
6.54
5.72%
2354.00
23.54
20.58%
564.45
5.64
4.93%
1068.90
10.69
9.35%
205.87
2.06
1.80%
1519.01
15.19
13.28%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
337.19
3.37
2.95%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
74.23
0.74
0.65%
11437.69
114.38
100%
INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PARK & OPEN SPACE PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES Forest HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
P a g e | 145
743229
752819
B
762409
C
771999
D
O FR
UTTARI
M
B
G AN
O AL
E
RE
781589
F
KEY MAP
KAGGALIPURA GULAKAMALE
Kaggalipura
IZ
NAGANAYAKANAHALLI
1
1
K CHUDAHALLI
BIAAPA
THARALU
Nelamangala
ALAKABELALU THATTAGUPPE
SOMANAHALLI
Magadi
NELAGULI
BMICAPA SUNKADAKATTE VADDARAPALYA
1410859
IZ
! (
SH3
! (
Sathanur
Kanakapura
YADAMADU
KAGGALAHALLI
GABBADIKAVAL (P)
I
MUDENAHALLI
Harohalli HAROHALLI
1401269
N
H
-
MARALAGERE
MARASANDRA
Village Boundary
DYAVASANDRA
TO AN E
National Highway
KAL
TO
BHEEMASANDRA BHEEMASANDRA (P)
State Highway
R A
Major District Road
M
KEERANAGERE
A N A A G
JAKKASANDRA
R A SINGASANDRA
CHIKKADEVARAHALLI
CHEELURU DODDAMUDUWADI
3
Cadastral Hillock Settlement
T-HOSAHALLI
ANAJAWADI
3
BANDIGANAHALLI CHIKKAMUDUWADI
RAMAPURA
K TO ANE
AL
Proposed Land Utilisation Area Analysis
SH
VADEDODDI
IZ
Conurbation Boundary
CHULAKANAKEREKAVAL
9 20
3
L.P.A. Boundary
2
HOSAKOTE
HULUGONDANAHALLI
BANNIKUPPE
GABBADI
GABBADIKAVAL
MEDAMARANAHALLI
Harohalli
INDEX
1401269
2
BIDAD
Anekal
! (SKanakapura H-
BETTAHALLIKAVAL
FROM
! (Kaggalipura
3
RAVUGODLU
VADERAHALLI
APZ-1
SH
1410859
NETTIGERE
VADERAHALLI (P)
Hosakote
09
A
NH2
733639
MASTER PLAN -2031 FOR KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA
-3 GANALU
ARALALUSANDRA
1391679
RAYASANDRA
TUNGANI
Symbol
Landuse
TIGALARAHALLI
ANAMANAHALLI
KALLAHALLI
WATER BOIDES
BARADANAHALLI
Kanakpura
KANAKAPURA
67.0%
945.1
2.3%
3.0%
TOTAL
29840.31
72.3%
Grand Total
41278.00
100.0%
CONURBATION
KANAKAPURA (P)
%
27645.35
1249.86
FOREST
ARANAKUPPE
THAMMASANDRA
Area in Hectare
AGRICULTURE
AGRAHARA
1391679
ALLIMARANAHALLI
11437.69
27.7%
N
4
SH
H
-2
09
VIRUPASANDRA
3
TAILURU FOREST
SHIVANAHALLI
Sathanur Township
ARALALU
09
HANUMANAHALLI
-2 NH BOMMANAHALLI
5
09 -2 NH
Sathanur
2,250
4,500
6,750
9,000
Meters
I
ANAMANAHALLI
1,125
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
AM
NARIPURA
ACHALU
0
Government of Karnataka
NGG
THOTAHALLI
µ
LL
KACHAVANAHALLI
YADUGOWDANAHALLI DALIMBA
SASALAPURA
TIGALARAHOSAHALLI
HA DI
HALASINAMARADAHALLI
SEEGEKOTE
TO S A
HOSAHALLI
9
BEKUPPE
KO
KABBAL
20
SH-3
TO
NH
CHOKASANDRA
SH -92
1382089
KAMBASAGARA
1382089
ALUR
4
CHEERANAKUPPE
DESHOHALLI
SATHANUR
5
MUDALASWAMIKUPPE KEMMALE HONNIGANAHALLI
A
743229
N
KADAHALLI
B
752819
C
762409
D
771999
E
781589
F
Ma p T it le
733639
R C.
1372499
TO
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING BMRDA KANAKAPURA
AR AG
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
Proposed Land Utilisation Local Planning Area
Da te : Sc al e : 1:90,000
Ma p . N o : 4 3
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
The statistics of the agricultural zone (area beyond the four conurbation limit) is as follows
Table 9.6 D: Landuse statistics of the agricultural zone LANDUSE
AREA ( IN HA)
AREA ( IN SQKM)
PERCENTAGE
AGRICULTURE
27645.35
276.45
67.0%
WATER BODIES
1249.86
12.50
3.0%
945.1
9.45
2.3%
29840.31
298.40
72.3%
11437.69
114.38
27.7%
41278.00
412.78
100.0%
FOREST TOTAL CONURBATION Grand Total
9.6.2
PROPOSED TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 2031
Progress follows the lines of transportation. Transportation Corridors are generally considered as lifelines of any town / city. An efficient Traffic and Transportation system promotes socio - economic activities. Kanakapura LPA hasone National Highway (NH-206), one State Highway (SH 3), four Major District Roads with good network of roads. One of the major objectives of MP is to provide broader roads within Kanakapura LPA with good hierarchy of roads. Its aim is to provide an efficient and feasible circulation plan for the entire LPA. The total area covered by traffic and transportation use in the conurbation area is 105 ha, constituting 4.1% of developed area. By and large the inter town traffic movement is convenient. But due to very narrow road network in the town area, there are many intra town traffic problems and proposals for the same are to be made. Some general guidelines for better connectivity are addressed: All village roads within LPA having width less than 18 m are proposed for widening to 18 m Right of Way (ROW). Within the Town limits, Major roads are proposed for widening to ease out the traffic movement vide o o o
Budikere Main Road Pipeline Road Sangama Road
P a g e | 146
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Parking space needs to be proposed along commercial access roads and around bus-stand areas by undertaking detailed studies. Improvements of major intersections: Sufficient space for pedestrians, signals and utilities along with wide footpath and cycle tracks are to be provided along main market, shopping/commercial street through detailed studies. Wherever feasible cycle tracks are separately provided. Buffer zones/green spaces are proposed for NMT. Pedestrian Refugee islands and other road features are to be proposed for road width above 18 m ROW. Any road development/ redevelopment/ widening proposal shall be done according to the road sections annexed (Annexure 8) are implemented.
City Traffic and Transportation Studies (CTTS) are made for BMR, 2031. This CTTS would be referred to for provision of Traffic Management proposals in the Kanakapura LPA. Road circulation plan for the entire LPA is prepared under this master plan exercise showing the alignment and pattern of all existing and proposed roads in the LPA. PROPOSALS 1. Widening of Village Roads: All village roads within LPA which are less than 18 m are proposed for widening to 18 m. 2. Segregation Of Regional And Intra-Settlement Traffic Town Ring road has been proposed around Kanakapura which is the major growth node of the LPA. It would act as a conurbation boundary as well as serve the purpose of diverting traffic from the centre of the town. 3. Segregation Of Freight Traffic Since major industrial areas have been proposed in the LPA a separate freight corridor is required separating the intra settlement traffic and freight traffic. Presently the NH 206 is the route for both freight as well as normal traffic. TRR (town ring road) has been proposed so serve the purpose by diverting heavy traffic away from the town Centre.
4. Proposal Of New Roads To Increase Connectivity New roads have been proposed to increase the connectivity to developed areas in the LPA. New roads are also proposed for better zoning and guide future developments. However, if further need arises for improving connectivity, study (DPRs) should be taken up for feasibility
P a g e | 147
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
analysis for new road development. Roads should be constructed as per accepted road design norms. 5. Improvement of Intersections Improvement of major intersections at all conurbations should be carried out as per the accepted road design guide lines. Signalization of intersections should be carried out wherever feasible. Detailed studies (DPRs) should be taken up for this purpose.
6. Planning For Non-Motorized Traffic (NMT) And Pedestrian Facilities Kanakapura town and all the major settlements in the LPA have to be planned for NMT and easy pedestrian movement. Studies should be taken up at the town level to arrive at detailed planning proposals for NMT mainly for cycling and pedestrian friendly circulation pattern. Old market area is proposed for Pedestrian Zone by restricting the traffic movement during specified hours. This can be achieved besides other measures that will be adopted Buffer zones/green spaces under HT lines, along major drainage lines and area surrounding lakes/ponds/tanks will be explored for NMT infrastructure for better NMT accessibility as per DULT recommendations.
7. Planning For Parking Facilities Parking facilities is completely absent in the LPA. With the growth of the population in the LPA and the consequent vehicular growth, proper planned parking facilities are indispensible part of the development. Studies (DPRs) will be taken up at LPA level to recognize inherent problems and to arrive at detailed proposals for parking in the four conurbations. 8. Planning for Public Mass Transit There is no mass transit mode in the LPA at present. However, it is anticipated that there would be a high demand in this corridor due to the huge industrial developments. Feasibility study (DPRs) for mass transit between the Harohalli to Bangalore should be taken up to examine the viability of mono rail or metro rail in this corridor. 9. Planning for Multimodal Transit To encourage multimodal transit integration, it is desirable to have the terminals located wherever more than one mode like rail and road are present and they can be integrated. Such facilities may be looked into in Kanakapura, Harohalli and Kaggalipura through detailed studies.
P a g e | 148
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
10. Location of Bus Stands, Bus depots and Bus Bays Within the town limits, bus stands/stops are proposed for every 250-300 m with suitable shelter facility. In all layouts with more than 10 ha extent, bus bays shall be indicated as a part of the layout within the property boundary of the layout. The existing properties of BMTC/KSRTC are reserved for traffic and transport use. Such transport facilities should be studied and designed in the four conurbations. 11. Truck Terminals/ freight complex/ logistics hub and Provision of Infrastructure near Truck Terminals/ freight complex/ logistics hub As far as possible the traffic and transportation use should be located as per the envisaged activity. It is desirable to have truck terminal/ freight complex/ logistics hub next to or along the side of the industrial use/ KIADB industrial areas. Map no 27 shows the proposed Circulation Pattern in the Kanakapura LPA. The following tables show the statistics of the roads in the LPA.
Table 9.7: Road Inventory of Kanakapura LPA. Road Width
Length (in km)
Area (sq m)
12
58.56
0.70
15
74.75
1.12
18
101.62
1.83
24
80.92
1.94
30
100.85
3.03
90
13.62
1.23
Total
430.33
9.85
Besides the roads proposed by the Master plan there exists BMR proposed roads in the LPA (IRR, STRR, and TRR). The statistics of the roads are given in the table below.
P a g e | 149
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Table 9.8: Road Inventory of BMR proposed roads Type
Road Width (m)
Length (km)
Area (sqkm)
IRR
90
7.55
0.68
PRR
100
6.93
0.69
RR
60
8.64
0.52
TRR
90
24.67
2.22
STRR
90
9.08
0.82
56.87
4.93
Total
9.6.3
ROAD WIDENING AND BUILDING LINE
The following roads have been identified in the LPA for widening.
Table 9.9: Inventory of Roads proposed to be widened in the Master plan 2031 SL
ROAD NAME
EXISTING WIDTH (m)
PROPOSED WIDTH(m)
1
NH 209
20
30
2
SH3
12
18
3
BUDIKERE MAIN ROAD
12
30
4
PIPELINE ROAD
8
20
5
SANGAMA ROAD
12
30
The Proposed building line from the major roads has been listed in the table below.
Table 9.10: Building Line proposed for major roads Sl. No.
Name of the Road
Proposed right of way (m)
Building line from the edge of ROW (m)
1
STRR
100
10.0
2
IRR
90.0
10.0
3
TRR
90.0
10.0
4
RR
60.0
6.0
NOTE: P a g e | 150
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
For National Highways, State highways, Major District roads, other district roads and village roads standards specified (road width, building lines etc.,) by the Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India are to be followed vide Govt. Notification No: UDD 251 BMR 2005, dated 22-12-2005 and other circulars of Government of Karnataka) For all existing roads of width more than 15m shall be provided minimum of 3m building line.
9.6.4
STRUCTURE PLAN POLICIES AND PROPOSALS
LAND UTILISATION AND ENVIRONMENT The land utilization study along with the LCA lead to the formation of the following policy sets. The policy set in the BMR RSP 2031 is universally applicable to all LPAs. The table below lists the policies and their recommendations.
Table 9.11: Structure Plan proposals – land Utilization and Environment SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
LU1
Land allocation strategy to promote compact development
2
LU2
Designating urban areas that serve as urban reserves or transition zones
3
LU3
Decentralization and relocation of congestion generating uses from BBMP
4
LU4
5
LU5
Development framework to integrate proposed industrial estates
6
LU6
Minimizing conflicts between the proposed industrial estates and ecologically sensitive areas.
7
LU7
Environmental impacts of industrial estates
8
LU8
Green belt management and inclusion in the conservation zone
9
LU9
Assessment of the proposed conurbations of the Interim Master Plans
10
EV1
Conservation of productive agricultural lands
11
EV2
Promote sustainable agricultural practices
Urban agriculture should be encouraged to achieve urban food security and local employment generation
P a g e | 151
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
12
EV3
Protection of Surface water Bodies
13
EV4
Active rejuvenation of lakes and tanks
14
EV5
Water demand based land use
15
EV6
Strict control on Ground water extraction
16
EV7
Integrated Water shed management
17
EV8
Protection of Environmentally Sensitive Areas
18
GEV 9
Active Integration of Wastelands in the development strategy
19
GEV 10
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
All mining and quarrying activities should be strictly monitored and controlled to effectively address development and environmental issues in a balanced manner.
ECONOMY The existing situation shows that the major industrial locations are concentrated on the North-West part of the region, starting from Peenya and extending towards Nelamangala and beyond. The rest of the region dominated by textiles and agro industries are concentrated in and around the existing towns. An analysis of the present investment trend, as depicted by the BMR RSP 2031, however shows the presence of major investment attraction potential along Kanakapura road, Mysore road and BMIC. The national and state level strategies have spurred economic growth in the regions in the post 2000 period. The emergence of the SMEs and creation of major infrastructural facilities like the BIA have given rise to a major growth to the Bangalore region. However, basic infrastructure like power, transport and water are still concerns for sustained economic growth. High land prices have lead to a shortage of affordable housing leading to increasing informality in housing and longer travel hours. In view of the above economic situation the draft BMR RSP 2031 proposes the following economic policies as listed in the table below.
Table 9.12: Structure Plan proposals – Economy SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATION
1
E1
A comprehensive and elaborate land allocation strategy should be formulated for BMR
2
E2
Industrial and any other economic locations should be identified based on land capability.
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3
E3
Spatial spread of economic activities should be planned
4
E4
Growth of service sector in the BMR should be encouraged.
5
E5
Encouraging SMEs in the region
6
E6
7
E7
BMR should be developed as centre for high-end scientific and engineering industries.
8
E8
BMR should be developed as business tourism destination
BMR should be developed as a nodal area for locating educational, healthcare facilities and research institutions
Spatial developed initiatives like new townships / residential areas outside BBMP should 9
E9
be made integral with the local economy of existing settlement and in conjunction with larger hinterland.
10
E 10
11
E 11
Small scale and medium scale polluting industries should be located outside the BBMP Settlements in BMR should be made economically sustainable by clustering of economic activities. The areas within the city and emerging investment destinations across BKR and existing
12
E 12
towns (cluster and growth nodes) should be connected with efficient public transport system.
13
E 13
14
E 14
15
E 15
16
E 16
Local Economic Development (LED) policy should be developed at each town level as a part of the Local Area Development Plan to boost employment in the surrounding towns. Special hawking zones within the Bangalore city and in identified locations in each zone should be earmarked. Environment impact of industrial estates Proposed industrial estates and large investment destinations should be so developed to integrate with local economy and livelihood.
TRANSPORT The BMR draft RSP 2031 compliments the policy recommendations of the SP 2011 for a balanced regional growth. The policies are hence aligned towards removing the regional imbalances and increasing the efficiency of the transport systems. The table below highlights the policies of the draft RSP 2031 for transport sector.
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Table 9.13: Structure Plan proposals – Transport SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATION
1
T1
Support and Enable the sustained growth of regional business
2
T2
Increasing the share of public transport systems
3
T3
Rail based transport systems and networks
4
T4
Road based transport systems and networks
5
T5
6
T6
Interrelationships between transport policy and housing and labour markets.
7
T7
Linking the new international airport to the major urban centers
8
T8
Promote urbanization and us of NMV
9
T9
Expansion of Bangalore Metropolitan Land Transport Authority (BMLTA)
10
T10
Public Transport be developed taking into account the size of the urban settlement i.e. smaller towns vis a vis the core
Transport proposals be within the larger framework of a Comprehensive Regional Traffic and Transport Study
Overview of the Transport Recommendations of BMR 2031 for Kanakapura LPA
Road Transport Recommendations: The Intermediate Ring Road (IRR) and the Peripheral Ring Road (PRR) should be realigned in locations where they intersect ecologically sensitive areas and in areas where there are existing major roads nearby. The right of way (RoW) of the major roads, i.e. arterial road ( 55m) , sub-arterial roads (35m) and other major roads (25m), have been specified. Exclusive bus lanes have been suggested for the arterial roads and the sub-arterial roads. Access from arterial roads shall be only through service roads whose access would be controlled. Sub-arterial roads shall have access to adjoining properties but interval for median opening and intersections should at least be one kilometre.
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Freight Transport Recommendations: There is a proposal for development of integrated freight hub at Kanakapura near Harohalli.
HOUSING The draft Revised Structure Plan 2031 makes policy recommendations for reducing the demandsupply gap in the housing sector and to reduce the regional imbalance in terms of housing types. The RSP recommends provision of serviced land with transport and employment facilities to give the growth nodes and the clusters a spur of development. It also suggests about shifting the role of the KHB from housing builder to more of a housing facilitator and providing housing to the poor at subsidized rates. In-situ up gradation programmes of the slum areas should be undertaken and housing needs of the urban poor should be addressed as a part of the housing strategy. The table below lists out the housing policy of the draft RSP 2031 which remains same in aggregate as the SP 2011.
Table 9.14: Structure Plan proposals – Housing SL
POLICY
1
H1
RECOMMENDATIONS
Government land should be provided within the priority growth centres and new urbanisable blocks for ‗composite‘ and ‗joint venture‘ A policy to restructure the functions, roles and operations of the Karnataka Housing Board (
2
H2
KHB), through innovatory changes in the regulatory framework, should be implemented to shift focus from house builder to land assembler and infrastructure facilitator as a joint venture partner with the private sector for the provision of housing
3
H3
4
H4
5
H5
Measures are required to be taken to provide land for group housing for the urban poor at subsidized or controlled prices The main focus of the Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (KSCB) should be on in-situ upgradation through self-help processes incorporating the participation of appropriate NGO‘s. A range of innovative housing supply solutions, including rental housing, should be encouraged to help meet the housing needs of the urban poor. A programme to carry out regular housing needs surveys and to maintain an appropriate
6
H6
housing management information system in support of the formulation of effective housing policy and supply targets.
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H7
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Unauthorized layouts to be regularized within the overall strategic intent of the BMR RSP 2031
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION The RSP 2031 has the following recommendations for water supply and sanitation.
Table 9.15: Structure Plan proposals – Water Supply SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
W1
Adequate measures to augment supply from surface water source in the BMR
2
W2
Ensure quality supply in the BMR
3
W3
Improve efficiency of utilization
4
W4
Advocate better waste management and conservation measures
5
W5
Implement measures to protect water bodies and tanks
Table 9.16: Structure Plan proposals – Sanitation SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
S1
Maximise the utility and efficiency of the existing sewerage systems in the BMR
2
S2
Measures to be taken for augmentation of sewer network
3
S3
4
S4
Encourage waste water
treatment using appropriate technology to protect
environment and promote the reuse of treated water for non-potable uses Enforce vigilance against uncontrolled discharge into network.
POWER The BMR RSP 2031 proposed increase in power generation in the region by using alternative and ecologically friendly sources and municipal wastes. It also envisages private players on the power generation region. It strives to ensure quality supply of power by use of clean coal technology and renovation of the old power plants in the region. Stringent efficiency standards and emission norms
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on vehicles to reduce demand of conventional fuels is also proposed. Operational and financial performance of distribution network should be improved and demand may be reduced by replacing power intensive industries through R&D.
Table 9.17: Structure Plan proposals – Power SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
P1
Enhance power generation capacity with optimum utilization of source
2
P2
Ensure quality supply of power to the BMR region
3
P3
Improve operational and financial performance of the distribution sector company
4
P4
Introduce improved mechanisms for demand side management so as to reduce the demand for energy
TELECOM
Table 9.18: Structure Plan proposals – telecom SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
TC1
Improve telecom connectivity in the rural districts of BMR
TC2
Provide fair and transparent policy environment forth e telecom market
TC3
Enhance capacities of telephone exchanges
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The BMR draft RSP 2031 provides policy guidelines for the up gradation of the solid waste management process in the BMR. It proposes the setting up of an integrated solid waste management facility in the region and utilization of advanced technology to make solid waste disposal a safe and profitable affair. It also proposed involvement of people for better facilitation of MSW management by creating awareness through concepts like concepts of source segregation. The table below lists out the policy guidelines.
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Table 9.19: Structure Plan proposals – Solid Waste Management SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
SWM 1
Integrated solid waste management in the region
SWM 2
SWM 3
Advanced technologies and practices are to be developed to treat the waste before final disposal and create new economic opportunities Stakeholder involvement in solid waste management Encourage decentralized small waste treatment and disposal facilities with the
SWM 4
support of community based organizations to reduce pressure on the centralized facilities and to extend the life of the centralized facilities
SWM 5
Private public participation in waste treatment and disposal
SWM 7
Mandate segregation of waste at household level
The RSP 2031 proposed the establishment of integrated solid waste management facility at Kanakapura. These facilities are proposed to be centres for waste storage, processing and disposal in the area. A buffer zone of 500 m should be created around the site as no development zone by notifying the prohibition of development in a buffer zone.
EDUCATION The draft RSP envisages removing the regional disparity in education level and raising the general education level in the region. It also provides policies to create a workforce more apt to the requirements of the region.
Table 9.20: Structure Plan proposals – Education SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
ED1
Mandate minimum standard for all the schools
2
ED2
3
ED3
Enhance capacity of vocational education courses so as to match the employment potentials of the region Improve access and availability of quality education in the rural areas
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HEALTH There exists regional disparity in terms of health status as in reported by the Task Force on Health and Family Welfare 2001. The high level of privatization in the health sector in the Bangalore Urban district creates a sophisticated pool of medical resource which is absent in the surrounding Bangalore rural and Ramanagara district. The heath policies of the draft RSP hence aims at up grading the health scenario in the region.
Table 9.21: Structure Plan proposals – health SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
HE1
Improved access and availability of quality healthcare in Bangalore rural district
2
HE2
Use of technology to improve accessibility and availability of health services
3
HE3
Decentralised and participatory process in health planning and monitoring
9.6.5
SECTORAL PROPOSALS
ECONOMY
INCREASING WORK PARTICIPATION IN THE LPA
The work participation rate in the LPA (Kanakapura Taluk) is 38% that of Kanakapura Town is 17.5%, whereas that in Karnataka is 41% and at the national level it is 39%1. An increased work participation rate of 40% should be targeted for the entire LPA (including Kanakapura Town) till the horizon year 2031. Government
employment
programmes such as
Prime Minister Rozgar
Yojana (PMRY),
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna, and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act should be enforced efficiently to increase work participation. The industrial potential of the area should also be used to generate employment for local people. Industrial estates and large investment destinations should be so developed as to integrate with the local economy. Open settlements should be preferred over closed or gated communities.
1
Census 2011
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PROMOTING SMALL SCALE, TINY AMD COTTAGE INDUSTRIES
Small scale, tiny and cottage industries should be promoted through proper financial, marketing and distribution schemes. Small scale and cottage industries requires less start-up capital, are labour intensive, offer better employment opportunities to women and are often better platforms for local craftsmanship. Hence promotion of such industries serves the purposes of employment generation, preserving local craft and empowering women.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIES ON GROUND WATER
The industrial perspective plan for Kanakapura Taluk lists a range of industries in small scale and medium scale sector as potential investment options. However, the LPA along with the entire BMR region is under a threat of water scarcity. Hence proper water management plan should be prepared before commencement of industrial activities to address issues like ground water depletion, ground water recharge through water treatment, ground water pollution etc.
RELOCATION OF INDUSTRIES FROM BANGALORE
The RSP 2031 specifies relocation of industries from BBMP limits to outer BMR as one of the economic strategies. Viability of relocating these industries in the LPA may be looked into, to introduce industries with established markets into the area. Total of 1168.3 HA of land has been proposed under KIADB industrial area in four phases. 101.17 Ha of land has been allocated for women entrepreneurs in phase IV of KIADB industrial area.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL ECONOMY
Local economy should be strengthened in the entire LPA. Planned commercial centers should be introduced at the major growth nodes in the LPA – Kanakapura, Harohalli-Kanakapura and Sathanur. The influx of population in the LPA would demand a proper commercial network within the LPA for basic service delivery. Regularization of Delivery chains and markets should be taken up as a major project
SERICULTURE TO BE GIVEN A BOOST
The provisions of the ―Suvarna Vastra Neethi 2008-1013‖ should be utilised to develop sericulture as the prime activity in the LPA. The centrally sponsored ―Catalytic Development Programme" should be implemented with the assistance of Central Silk Board. Schemes under Catalytic Development Programme like Drip
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irrigation, construction of rearing houses, raising of mulberry saplings, Installation of multi end reeling machines, Incentive for Bivoltine Silk etc. are very popular. In order to ensure production of better quality cocoons and silk with increased productivity, these programmes under Catalytic Development Programme should be stepped up for which adequate funds will be made available under the State and Central sector. The initiatives of The National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC) should be supported and expanded to establish Chawki Rearing Centre (CRC) and for capacity building and skill development of the local farmers. Detailed study should be undertaken to investigate the cause of slow development of sericulture despite high potential and necessary investment plan for the sector. Kanakapura Town should be used as the focal center for the LPA for development of capacity building, processing and marketing facilities subject to its viability during the detailed study.
INTEGRATION OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL ESTATES WITH LOCAL ECONOMY & LIVELIHOOD
Large industrial units have been planned in the Harohalli Bidadi Cluster. Precision Engineering and Machine Tools, Textiles, Plastics, Construction Material and Rubber and Agro and Food based Industries have been proposed in the Taluk Industrial development Plan. These are some of the sectors with highest backward and forward linkages. Forward and backward linkage of these units should be analyzed in detail to boost the local economy. Art silk, Synthetic textile manufacturing, Land based Transport, Petroleum products, retail, rubber tyre manufacturing, recycling industries, Real estate should be used as key industries for boosting the local economy. Detail studies should be carried out for estimating the quantum of forward and backward linkage and the investments required.
AGRICULTURE
Food Park has been proposed at Harohalli by the department of Horticulture/ Food Karnataka Ltd. Agro and Food Industries have been proposed as primary industries in the Taluk Industrial Plan. The Taluk is also an AEZ for Gerkins and Rose onions. Processing industries should be promoted for value addition. Capacity building of the farmers in terms of knowledge development and awareness of latest technologies, soil health improvement (by crop rotation etc.), water conservation and micro irrigation, integrated post-harvest processing, crop insurance and credit facilities should be undertaken.
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Soil moisture conservation and soil fertility improvement program through watershed approach. Composting/green manuring/ tank silt recycling should be promoted. Promoting alternate land use systems like Agri-horti system for arable lands (mango, sapota, tamarind, jack fruit etc.) and Horti-silvi system (mango, sapota + silver oak, casurina, teak), Silvipasture (block plantation of acacia, silver oak, casurina, D.Sisso, Meliaazardicta, cassia and muthuga + S.hamata, S.scabra, calaproimum, anjan, Guinea macuaena, etc.) for non-arable lands. Dryland vegetables (chilli, beans, brinjal, tomato, cluster bean, gourds etc.), Floriculture (chrysanthemum, jasmine, crossandra marigold, roses etc.) fruits (guava, papaya, banana), sericulture and coconut plantations should be promoted. Livestock component (local draught animals, dairy, sheep, piggery, rabbit, apiculture) should be developed.
COMMERCIAL CENTRE AT KANAKAPURA
There is an absence of a commercial center in the LPA. Since Kanakapura is the Taluk headquarters, a regional commercial level should be planned in the town. The proposed landuse plan hence shows a large area dedicated for commercial activities.
HOUSING
AUGMENTATION OF HOUSING SUPPLY
Housing Stock for both affordable and other categories has to be augmented to support the induced population in the LPA. Private real estate development should be encouraged and properly planned along with other models of housing for viability and utilization of common delivery chains. Composite and Joint venture housing schemes of the government along with private sector should be encouraged.
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25% of proposed industrial area2 should be used or housing workers and model of housing should be subsidized by the industrial authority. Housing Schemes such as Indira Awas Yojna, Dr.Ambedkar Housing Scheme, Ashraya Schemes should be promoted to increase its reach among people.
SLUM IMPROVEMENT
Detail exercise of slum identification should be carried out in the LPA. Slum development should be brought under National Programmes such as the Rajiv Awas Yojna. Internal ear-marking of local body funds should be carried out for provision of basic services to the poor. Security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery of other already existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security should be planned for. Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing projects (both public and private agencies) for EWS/LIG category with a system of crosssubsidization should be carried out. Development programmes for Slums should also be carried out under the programmes funded by The Karnataka Slum Development Board.
ENVIRONMENT
CONSERVATION OF PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL LANDS
The Kanakapura LPA has some of the most fertile agricultural land in the BMR and has been designated as an Agri Export Zone (AEZ). Hence all new developments and landuses have been planned protecting the productive agricultural lands in the LPA.
PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
Sustainable agricultural practices should be followed in the LPA. Soil health should be continuously monitored and programmes such as "Bhumi-TayiyaArogya" should be promoted to recover soil quality and fertility. Drip Irrigation should be introduced for crops which do not require flooded fields.
2
According to Industrial Policy 2009-14
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Crop rotation practices should be introduced into the cropping practice to ensure soil fertility and productivity.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
Integrated Water management programmes should be adopted by the municipalities and urban local bodies to ensure sustained supply of water to the LPA. Incessant digging of bore well should be controlled and water loss during transmission and distribution should be minimized. Waste water treatment should be introduced to recycle and reuse waste water. All surface water bodies should be protected, maintained and enhanced for long term ecological well-being and water supply.
MINING AND QUARRYING
Uncontrolled mining and quarrying activities should be stopped. Mining and Quarrying activities should run with proper licensing along with detailed survey and inspection of potential damage to natural resources, human settlements and otherwise.
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER SUPPLY
Any plan on water supply must be preceded by a land use plan. New water treatment should be planned to serve principally first to serve new development areas and then to serve the deficit areas. Dead end system of distribution of water supply should be adopted as the network system due to its cost advantage. Minimum capacity for water purification system must be for 1 MGD from economic point of view, below which it is not recommended.
PROPOSALS
AUGMENTATION OF WATER AVAILABILITY FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL NEEDS
The area experiences shortage of water and wells are the main modes of sustenance in rural areas as well as part of urban areas. Ground water in this area is fast depleting. The water supply demand
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for future has been discussed above. Hence supply of tap water to the LPA needs to be augmented for both domestic and industrial use.
AUGMENTATION OF WATER QUALITY
It has been shown in the study that at present only 20% of the population in the LPA avails treated tap water supply. At present there are no treatment plants in the LPA. Water treatment has to be made an integral part of the water supply scheme to supply water free of iron and fluoride. NEW WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES
The study shows that 14% of the population avail water away from their dwelling unit. Water source close to dwelling unit should be provided in all areas – urban and rural. New water supply schemes should be introduces to make drinking water available to all.
CREATION OF WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Water treatment plants need to be created in the LPA for providing clean drinking water. 0.22 sq. km area has been assigned for utilities in the proposed Landuse plan of the Kanakapura LPA while Harohalli and Kaggalipura have 0.69 and 0.19 sq. km of area assigned for utilities and services. Treatment plants can be setup centrally for the entire LPA or decentralised in north and south zones.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Operation and maintenance of water supply pipes and water treatment
plant is necessary to meet
the future demand of water. All the above strategy will fail if there is no proper maintenance. All pipeline leakages need to be identified to prevent loss of water. While ULBs shall enhance the tariff base over a period of time to ensure that O&M is payable from the revenues, there is an immediate requirement of O&M funds so as to ensure that the assets created under the scheme are properly maintained.
REDUCTION IN LOSSES IN WATER SUPPLY BY PUBLIC AWARENESS
A series of workshops should be organised across the region to create public awareness on the importance of water as a national resource and the severe consequences of wasting and polluting water. Industrial clusters are a source of severe water loss which can pose a serious threat in future. The State Government along with NGOs should come forward for campaigning.
STRUCTURED PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
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Private sector participation is desirable in the PPP format in the sector so that there is a balance between risks and responsibilities between the government Agencies and the Private Sector. In view of the same, private Sector Participants shall be invited to leverage on the following possible benefits: • Reduction of involvements of Public finance or redirecting them to the poor; • Induction of greater technical and management expertise; • Provision of a more responsive service to the customers; • Sourcing of additional financing;
IMPROVEMENT OF GROUND WATER SITUATION
1. Industrial growth should be effected in a planned manner and it will be mandatory for the units to allow periodical monitoring of water quality from nearby wells on a regular basis by agencies like SPB/PHE and should be open for cross checking; 2. For ground water based industries, regular water level and quality monitoring have to be made compulsory; 3. Rain water harvesting measures have to be adopted by all the industrial establishments where the water level is not shallow;
DRAINAGE AND SANITATION
Considering that there is virtually no systematic drainage system, it is felt necessary for each city to draw up an integrated drainage and sewerage system for the entire area. Accordingly it will be the endeavours of the city to design and implement an integrated system on a phase wise basis. The drainage system will be set up initially in Kanakapura and then extended to the other areas of the region. The drainage plan shall be worked out on the basis of Master Plan, GIS, Land Use & Control Plan and the existing Drainage Channels. Generally, drains shall be provided along the existing roads, existing rails and proposed roads and rails. The cost of the Integrated Drainage System shall be worked out through Detailed Studies and Assessment and will be taken up for implementation thereafter.
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However, the present situation merits urgent attention and requires implementation of immediate improvement schemes. In view of the same, immediate action plans have been worked out for implementation.
OBJECTIVES
To develop and improve the storm water drainage in KLPA and the new developing areas by 2031. To solve the water logging problems in the urban areas with better networking of drains. To cover all existing drains after their repairing by 2021. To achieve complete coverage of sewer network in newly developing areas along with progress of development. To provide total sanitation to major rural areas by 2021. To achieve complete coverage of sewerage network by 2031, since laying of sewer lines in already developed and congested areas would be difficult. To make KLPA free from open defecation by 2031 as per Government of India‘s total sanitary campaign. The Industrial waste generation has not been considered in the above calculation. Industrial waste has to be treated separately before releasing into the network. The tolerance limit of the of the release fluids must conform with the standards prescribed in IS:3306-1974. The volume of industrial waste would depend on the type of industrial units proposed. The design volume of the sewerage system would therefore be calculated on the basis of domestic and industrial waste generated in the LPA.
PROPOSALS
IMPROVEMENT OF DRAINAGE NETWORK
The surface drains do not have total coverage in the LPA. Kanakapura town has surface drainage system in the 5 percent of the total area. In rural areas surface drains are absent. Surface drains have to be constructed to cover all settlement areas. Drain covers to be provided to all new and existing drains. P a g e | 167
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COMPLETE COVERAGE OF SEWER NETWORK
The sewerage system has to be extended to cover all settlements in Kanakapura LPA. 71.6 km of sewerage system is already under proposal to be constructed in Kanakapura town. The total area proposed to be developed in the LPA is 27 sqkm and the total length of road network proposed is 10152 km. Hence an additional 10125 km of sewerage network has to be constructed in order to bring the coverage up to 100 percent. The design period of the sewerage system should at least be 30 years. The trunk sewer line from the sources to STPs shall be laid along the contour. The advantage of natural slopes along the streams, rivers and road network should be adopted while designing the trunk sewer line.
TOTAL SANITATION TO RURAL AREAS: SANITARY TOILETS
Provision has to be made for assistance to BPL households to build sanitary toilets and upgrade their septic tanks and construct soak pits, to extend sanitation facilities in the entire LPA.
CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
Sewage treatment plants have to be constructed in the LPA for treating sewage. Tertiary treatment of sewage can be used as a strategy for ground water recharge through reclaimed sewage, since water scarcity is a major issue in the LPA. For treated industrial wastes to be released for irrigation purposes, the final fluid must conform with BIS code IS: 3307-1965.The STPs shall be accessible for ease in construction and repairing of plant and machineries.
COMMUNITY AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
A community awareness campaign is needed to make people aware about the benefit of sewer connections and how it can enhance the present living conditions and environmental quality in their areas.
SAFE DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND UTILISATION
Appropriate measures have to be taken for safe disposal of septic tank and other wastes. Detachable dumping chutes should be constructed at selected points in the sewerage system for disposing of the
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night soil collected from individual houses. The sewage after treatment should be disposed of either into a water body like lake, stream, river, ocean or into the land. The sewage may be utilised for several purposes such as (i) Industrial reuse or reclaimed sewage effluent in cooling systems, boiler feed, process water etc., (ii) Reuse in agriculture and horticulture, watering of laws, golf courses etc. (iii) Ground water recharge for augmenting ground water resources.
PUBLIC TOILETS
Provision of public toilets in the market areas and in the LIG areas.
CONSTRUCTION OF COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREAS
Construction of common effluent treatment plants (CETP) must be made mandatory in the industrial areas for treatment of industrial wastes before release into the sewerage network.
MUNICIPAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Proper fund allocation must be made for operation and maintenance of the sewage system. Appropriate organisational/ institutional framework must be provided in the newly developed areas of Harohalli, Kaggalipura and Sathanur for operation and maintenance of sewage network.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
In, India municipal wastes have to be managed as per the provisions of Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 promulgated under Environment Protection Act, 1986. As per these rules, all the biodegradable municipal solid wastes shall be required to be processed by appropriate biological processing method. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 has made MSWM the Litigation responsibility of Urban Local Bodies (City Corporations and Municipal Corporations), which asks for source segregation of waste for cleaner composting and recycling. Further, the Supreme Court of India, acting on Public interest Litigation directed all urban local governments to install scientific solid waste treatment plants before a set deadline. Thus the installation of a scientific solid waste management system, though a costly proposition for most of the urban bodies, has become an
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imminent necessity. Also the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India, has issued the Municipal Solid Wastes (management and handling) Rules in the year 2000, which identify the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) as the agency to monitor the implementation of these rules.
PROPOSALS
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
In view of the projected growth in population and absence of any MSW facilities it is proposed to have Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) complex.
MANAGING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Existing municipal solid waste management system would follow the following strategies for efficient management in the future.
COLLECTION OF WASTE
Increasing the coverage and efficiency of collection mechanism would help in better management and in reducing the formation of unhygienic and open dump sites. Segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable Components shall be carried at source or at primary collection centres.
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES
On the basis of availability of land and financial resources with the service provider, either of the methods — aerobic composting, anaerobic Digestion or sanitary land filling could be adopted for treatment and disposal of waste. However, since it appears that land filling would continue to be the most widely Adopted practice in India in the coming few years, in which case certain Improvements need to be done to ensure sanitary land filling and not mere dumping of Waste.
AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
Awareness Campaign shall be carried out in order to educate the general public about the disposal of solid waste at the right place. Awareness campaign shall also be carried out to show and illustrate the segregation of solid waste. Benefits about cleanliness and hygienic environment should be taught.
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LANDFILL FACILITY
Landfill facility is present for Kanakapura town, though it is not adequate for horizon year 2031. Land has been allocated for utilities and services in the Landuse plan of Harohalli, Kaggalipura and Sathanur. Land fill facilities should be located within those areas after proper design considerations.
INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY REFORM
Strengthening urban local bodies to perform efficiently in managing the waste and ensuring strict enforcement of the recently introduced municipal solid waste (Management and handling) rules. It is also imperative to harness and integrate the role of three emerging actors in this field — the private sector, NGOs, and rag pickers — into the overall institutional Framework.
MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES WASTE SEGREGATION
Many wastes are mixtures of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Much of their contents may even be water. By segregating key toxic constituents, isolating liquid fraction, keeping hazardous streams away from non-hazardous wastes, generator can save substantial amounts of money on disposal or find new opportunities for recycling and reuse of wastes. The Ministry of Environment, Government of India, had identified toxicity of different chemicals, through the ‗Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989‘ in exercise of power conferred by Section 6, 8 and 25 of Environment Protection (E.P). Act, 1986, and had notified mandatory requirements for its management. In India quantum of generation of wastes (solid/liquid and hazardous/non-hazardous) for different industry has not been detailed, which is necessary for wastes exchange system or for adopting treatment/ disposal alternatives for different wastes segregated.
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
The unsatisfactory state of storage of hazardous wastes can be remedied to a large degree by such low-cost measures as restricting access, fencing off the storage area to minimize any wind-blown nuisance, providing separate covered storage for putrifiable of hazardous wastes, and ensuring regular and frequent collection. There are certain measures a municipal authority can take to control the transportation of industrial wastes, even if it does not want to become actually involved itself. For instance, contractors should be licensed after ensuring that they are technically competent and P a g e | 171
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environmentally aware and should be allowed to handle industrial wastes. Labelling and coding of hazardous waste load can be made mandatory so that in the event of an accident, the emergency services know how to handle a spillage. Municipal authorities can be given the responsibility to monitor the contractors to minimize cases of fly-tipping and ensure that industrial wastes are disposed at the appropriate sites. If a municipal authority can also collect industrial waste; industries must pay the charge which will be based on the quantity and nature of the waste. This might minimize the quantity of waste produced by industry and at the same time the programme will become financially viable and self-sustaining. The principle ‗the polluter pays‘ should be adhered to in all such cases.
COMBINED TREATMENT FACILITIES
Small-scale industries, which contribute about more than half of the total production, also generate huge quantity of wastes. The small-scale industries are not in a position to treat their solid wastes or liquid effluent because of space, technical know-how and financial constraints. It is, therefore, deemed that in a cluster of small-scale industries the different wastes are characterized, identified, quantified and stored for treatment through a combination of recycling, recovery and reuse of resources such as, raw material, bio-gas, steam and manure, besides providing an efficient service facility, to make the system less expensive. The combined effluent treatment plants (CETP) are to be operated by the local bodies, where the cost of construction, operation and maintenance need to be shared by individual industries depending upon the quality and quantity of wastes generated. However, such common treatment facility may require pre-treatment at individual industry to the extent specified by the State Pollution Control Board. With regard to availability of wastes along with their identification, quantum of waste generated should also be ascertained so that technology development/adoption can be considered on economic grounds for a small-scale or organised sector of industry. If economics justify movement of wastes over longer distances for a centralised plant, specific subsidies for storage, collection and transportation could be considered. CETPs are being successfully operated in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh and such facilities should be promoted in other States. Small scale industries having waste characteristics similar to those of nearby large industry having waste treatment facilities can take help in treating their wasteson payment basis.
DISPOSAL METHODS
Depending upon the characteristics of the wastes, different types of disposal methods can be used for hazardous and non-hazardous industrial wastes. The most predominant and widely practiced methods for wastes disposal are: (a) Landfill, (b) Incineration and (c) Composting.
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Landfilling is still the major disposal method in many countries. Yet in many instances landfilling sites are not properly chosen in terms of geophysical soil properties, hydrogeology, topography and climate. On a proposed site there is a need to carefully consider the potential for ground or surface water contamination from pollution by leachate migration or surface run-off from the site. Nonetheless, even when a site appears to have the right geophysical properties, its selection and use are not an absolute guarantee that contamination of ground water can be avoided. Hence, continuous surveillance of the site and its surroundings must be maintained to check that the disposal of hazardous wastes can continue without posing a threat to the environment and to the general public. To reduce this threat landfill sites have been lined, for example with plastic materials, in order to prevent leaching into groundwater supplies. Landfill sites for industries should be proposed in the industrial Landuse area after proper consideration of contours and design specifications of the industrial park.
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SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The pivotal role of social infrastructure in development has been recognized in the various national and state level planning policies. In conformation with the national and state agenda, healthcare has been given prime importance during the master planning process. A stock of existing facilities has been taken and the deficiencies and requirements for year 2031 have been calculated. The existing indicators of the health have been analysed and targets have been set till the year 2031.
HEALTH
INCREASING HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
Healthcare facilities need to be augmented as per the requirement of the LPA. INCREASING ACCESSIBILITY TO HEALTHCARE
Healthcare facilities should be set up for every village, cluster and major town so that basic healthcare is accessible to all people. Regulatory and administrative framework should be strengthened to ensure availability of medical professionals in all healthcare institutions. Mobile health clinics can be introduced to improve accessibility in remote areas. Healthcare should also be made a part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for the industries that would be set up in the region. Technology like telemedicine should be used to make healthcare accessible in remote corners of the LPA. HEALTHCARE MONITORING
Regular monitoring of health statistics should be undertaken in the LPA to prepare a database and monitor increase or decrease in health status. Monitoring should be specially undertaken in and around industrial areas to analyse the impact of industries on public health.
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Institutional and administrative framework should be strengthened and organized to ensure swift service delivery and strict monitoring and operation of healthcare services. Decentralization of healthcare service should also be accomplished at LPA level, wherein monitoring can be done through Panchayats and Civil Societies.
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EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY REQUIREMENT
The following table shows the requirement of educational facilities in the LPA. Basic education would be strengthened by providing primary and secondary schools at settlement level ensuring proper accessibility and connectivity from all areas of the LPA. Colleges would be provided at the three major clusters i.e. Kanakapura, Harohalli – Kaggalipura and Sathanur. Technical Institutions, Engineering colleges and Medical colleges would be planned across the LPA to increase technical capacity in the workforce to match the employment potential of the region.
INCREASE LITERACY RATE IN THE LPA
The literacy rate of Kanakapura Taluk is 65.1%, whereas that in Karnataka is 75% and the national literacy rate is 74.5%. Basic education facilities need to be strengthened to increase the literacy rate. Education programmes such as mid-day meals, free bicycles, free uniforms and bags should be promoted in order to achieve the goal.
INCREASE ENROLMENT RATIO IN THE LPA AND DECREASE DROPOUT RATE
There is a sharp decrease in enrolment rates in the LPA in secondary schools. Schools should be set up within communicable distances from villages so that education is accessible to everyone. Incentives should be provided so that students do not have to leave education to support their families economically.
STUDENT TEACHER RATIO
Student teacher ration should meet the standards prescribed by the ‗Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009‘. A ratio of 1:30 should be maintained in primary schools and 1:35 should be maintained in secondary schools.
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN SCHOOLS
Infrastructure facilities should be improved in schools across the LPA. Separate girls‘ toilet should be provided in every unit. Drinking water facility and play grounds should be made compulsory in all schools. Universally accessible design of structures should be followed for all units.
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Chapter 9A: Proposed land use analysis from MP to final Approval
CHAPTER 9A
PROPOSED LAND USE ANALYSIS FROM MP PROVISIONAL TO FINAL APPROVAL After receiving the objections and suggestions by the public same is placed before the committee constituted for hearing objections and suggestions. Accordingly the committee has case by case verified the objections and recorded the decisions. The following final meeting proceedings will give entire details considered for final approval of master plan.
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Extension of conurbation area due to: 1. Additional are proposed by the KIADB 2. Existing development in between the Harohalli and Kaggalipura and surrounding villages 3. Regarding objections and suggestions considered by the committee 4. Technical reasons like planning, proper zoning regulations and etc.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 10|Financial Implication
CHAPTER 10
ENFORCEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION As per Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, Master plan is prepared to guide and regulate the growth of dynamic urban areas; Master Plan is a physical development plan or land use plan and is prepared taking into account the land requirement for various uses for a growing community. In many ways, Master plan lays down the blueprint for the development of a region and direction in which growth of the region must be shaped. The proposals of Master Plan have to be implemented by all concerned stakeholders for it to be an effective instrument for urban planning. The implementation of Master plan proposals must be reviewed on a periodic basis and a mechanism must be in place for evaluation of the extent to which identified actions are successfully accomplished.
10.1 ACTIONS
The identified actions for monitoring can be summarized broadly as follows: 1)
To develop compact and complete urban communities
Compact community is a high density urban settlement and is the most sustainable urban form. Compactness has many advantages, less cost of providing services, less carbon footprint, forging strong community links being the foremost. A complete urban form has a well-defined and developed street network with equitable allocation of road space for all modes; mixed land use that reduces the need and length of a trip; focus on public transport and walking and cycling. Parameters for review: Density of development; Completeness of street network with specific focus on completion of missing links; width and quality of footpaths; creation of bus-bays; development of bus terminals; priority to public transport by providing dedicated lanes for buses; development of cycle tracks etc.
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2)
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To enhance the character and quality of public realm to suit the varied requirements of
the community. What makes an urban community liveable? Historically, many towns/cities always had a main market streets, public plazas etc. where people could congregate and interact. The public realm comprises of the places where the children could play; the old could meet and chat and the young could hang-out, and the people in other age-groups could catch up with their friends after work or exercise in the mornings or do their shopping without the threat of being run over by a passing vehicle. Public realm must have something for every age group. Well-developed Parks, play grounds, pedestrianized areas etc. enhance the quality of public realm. Parameters for review: Development of parks on hierarchical basis (neighbourhood/ city /town level); Networking of green spaces along nalas, lakes, rivers etc./ buffer spaces to form a network of green links for walking/cycling; Pedestrianization of market streets, temple streets, heritage areas etc.
3)
To proactively encourage the development
of a sustainable community by
discouraging use of personal vehicles and thereby, reduce the carbon footprint of the community. Unbridled growth of personal vehicles adds to congestion, air-pollution and increase in unproductive time spent in commuting for the community. Many indirect costs like parking costs are not considered when people make a choice to buy a two-wheeler or a car as parking is free in many of our cities/towns. Parking on streets also reduces the road width available for movement of people/vehicles and further causes congestion problems. Like good habits that need to be inculcated from childhood, paid parking has to be implemented irrespective of the fact that the city/town has manageable traffic. Parameters for review: Implementation of parking policy with parking pricing; demarcation of areas where vehicles can be parked and where they cannot be parked; enforcement measures; Provision of cycle parking etc. 4) To facilitate seamless freight movement while ensuring that the ambience of the city is not affected due to movement of trucks etc. through the city. Parameters for review: Development of designated parking areas for heavy goods vehicles/logistic hubs. 5) To preserve historically and culturally important landmarks, and to ensure that public infrastructure and facilities within the city/town are aesthetically designed and constructed
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from architectural and functional point of view, and contribute to enhancing the ethos of the city/town.
Parameters for review: Identification of historically and culturally important buildings and development of plans for their preservation; developing design guidelines for new public buildings. 6) To enhance the per-capita green space in the city/town with attention to protection of local bio-diversity.
Parameters for review: Development of guidelines for city plantation; extent of plantation proposed during the year etc.
10.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION Master plan for the plan period 2031 will be successful only if the objectives listed above are implemented in co-ordination with all implementing agencies. It is necessary to put in a mechanism to ensure that implementation of master plan proposals are periodically reviewed. A master plan review committee is set up under the Deputy Commissioner of the district as follows, for this purpose.
Sl.
Members
1
Deputy Commissioner of concerned District
Chairman
2
Representative of B.M.R.D.A not below the rank of Deputy Director
Member
3
Executive engineer, P.W.D.
Member
4
Representative of Zilla Panchayat
Member
5
Commissioner/ Chief Officer of respective Municipality
Member
6
Member Secretary of Local Planning Authority
Member-Convener
7
Representative of BWSSB,BESCOM ,KAIDB & KHB( invitees as and when required)
Member
The committee is expected to meet every quarter to review the performance with respect to specific targets that must be identified in the first meeting of the committee. All the proposals/ projects/ schemes identified for implementation or enforcement are prioritised to be developed in phases over the plan period of 20 years depending on the mode of development and funding.
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An independent evaluation of master plan will be done by BMRDA every five years to gauge the effectiveness of the implementation of the Master plan proposals.
10.3 FISCAL PLAN FOR 2031 The fiscal requirement for infrastructure provision based on the proposals of the Master Plan 2031, have been calculated as shown in the table below. Unit prices have been considered from similar projects elsewhere. Table 10.1: Financial proposals
ROADS SL
CATEGORY
WIDTH (m)
LENGTH (km)
LAND ACQUISITION COST (CRORE)
DEVELOPMENT COST
TOTAL FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT
STRR
90
9.08
781.89
72.64
854.53
TRR
90
24.67
2124.37
19.74
2144.10
IRR
90
7.55
650.15
6.04
656.19
4
RR
60
8.64
669.61
6.22
675.83
5
MASTER PLAN PROPOSED ROADS
18
101.62
1575.12
121.94
1697.07
6
MASTER PLAN PROPOSED ROADS
24
80.92
1672.36
97.10
1769.47
7
MASTER PLAN PROPOSED ROADS
30
100.85
2605.32
121.02
2726.34
10078.83
444.70
10523.53
1 2 3
TOTAL
PARKS AND PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PLACES
SL 9
PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
10
PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC USES
AREA PROPOSED IN MASTER PLAN (Ha) 10.02 6.20
LAND ACQUISITION COST (CRORE)
DEVELOPMENT COST
TOTAL FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT
8628.42
10.02
8638.44
5338.94
6.2
5345.14 13983.59
TOTAL FINANCIAL OVERLAY
24507.12
The total cost of provision of transport infrastructure including the BMR proposed roads (STRR, IRR, RR, TRR) is 4330.65 crores. Provision public amenities in the LPA till 2031 would require a capital sum of 13983.59 crores. The total capital required is 24,507.12 crores.
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PART II ZONING REGULATIONS
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
ZONING REGULATIONS
1.1 INTRODUCTION In order to promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of the community, it is necessary to apply control and reasonable limitation on the development of land and buildings. This is to ensure that most appropriate, economical and healthy development of the entire Kanakapura Local Planning Area including Kanakapura Town takes place in accordance with the land use plan, and its continued maintenance over the years. For this purpose, the LPA is divided into number of use zones, such as Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public and Semi Public, Park and Open Space etc. Each zone has its own regulations, as the same set of regulations cannot be applied to the entire area.
Zonal Regulations protects residential areas from the harmful invasions of commercial and industrial uses and at the same time promotes the orderly development of industrial and commercial areas, by suitable regulations on spacing of buildings to provide adequate light, air, protection from fire, etc. It prevents overcrowding in buildings and on land to ensure adequate facilities and services.
Zoning is not retrospective. It does not prohibit the uses of land and buildings that are lawfully established prior to the coming into effect of these Zonal Regulations. If these uses are contrary to the newly proposed uses, they are termed non-conforming uses and are gradually eliminated over years without inflicting unreasonable hardship upon the property owner.
The Zonal Regulations and its enforcement ensure proper land use and development and form an integral part of the Master Plan. It also ensures solutions to problems of development under-local conditions.
The Zonal Regulations for Kanakapura Local Planning Area prepared under the clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 12 of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 are detailed below:
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1.1.1 Establishment of Zones and Zonal Maps The local planning area is divided into use zones such as Residential, Commercial, Industrial, etc., as shown in the enclosed maps.
1.1.2 Zonal boundaries and interpretations of Zonal Regulations. These regulations set out the various uses of land:
a.
Those are permitted.
b.
Those may be permitted under special circumstances by the Authority in different zones.
The regulations governing minimum size of plot, maximum plot coverage, minimum front, rear and side setbacks, minimum road widths and maximum number of floors and height of structures are set out in these regulations.
NOTE: a.
Where there is uncertainty as regards to the boundary of the zones in the approved maps, it shall be referred to the Authority and the decision of the Authority in this regard shall be final.
b.
For any doubt that may arise in interpretation of the provisions of the Zonal Regulations, the Authority shall consult BMRDA or the Director of Town & Country Planning, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore.
c.
Where there is uncertainty in identifying alignment of nala, canal, river, existing public road, railway line, high-tension line and any religious building position and also survey number boundaries in the approved maps, it shall be referred to the actual position on ground and decision taken by the Authority in this regard shall be final.
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1.1.3 Definitions In these Zonal Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires, the expressions given below shall have the meaning indicated against each of them. 1.
“Act” means the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act (K.T.C.P. Act), 1961.
2.
„„Addition or Alteration” means a structural change including an addition to the
area or change in height or the removal of part of building, or any change
to
the
structure, such as the construction or removal or cutting of any wall or part of a wall, partition, column, beam, joist, floor including a mezzanine floor or other support, or a change to or closing of” any required means of access ingress or egress or a change to fixtures or equipment „„as provided in these Zonal Regulations. 3. „„Amalgamation” means clubbing of two or more authorized plots. 4. „„Amenity” includes roads, street, open spaces, parks, recreational grounds,
playgrounds, gardens, water supply, electric supply, street lighting, sewerage, drainage, public works and other utilities, services and conveniences. 5. „„Apartment” means a room or suite or rooms, which are occupied or which is
intended or designed to be occupied by one family for living purpose. 6. „„Apartment building / multi dwelling Unit” means a building containing four or
more dwelling units, or two buildings blocks, each containing two or more dwelling units on a given property. This word is synonymous with residential flat. 7. "Applicant” means any person who gives notice to the Authority for any approval
with an intention to take up any development work. 8. “Auditorium” means Premises having an enclosed space to seat audience and
stage for various performances such as concerts, plays, music etc. 9. “Authority” means Planning Authority constituted for Kanakapura Local Planning
area under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. 10. “Balcony” means a horizontal cantilever projection including a handrail or
balustrade, to serve as passage or sit out place. 11. “Basement storey or cellar” means any storey, which is partly / wholly below the
ground
level. The basement height should not project more than 1.2 m above the
average ground level. 12. “Bifurcation” means bifurcation of a plot into two. 13. „„Building” includes;
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b. A structure on wheels simply resting on the ground without foundation; c. A ship, vessel, boat, tent and any other structure used for human habitation or used for keeping animals or storing any article or goods on land. 14. “Building Line “means the line up to which the plinth of buildings may lawfully
extend
within the plot on a street or an extension of a street and includes the
line prescribed, if any, or in any scheme. 15. “Building Set Back” is the minimum distance between any building or structure from
the boundary line of the plot. 16. “Bus Depot” means premises used by public transport agency or any other agency
for parking, maintenance and repair of buses. These may include the workshop. 17. “Bus Terminal” means a premises used by public transport agency to park the
buses for short duration to serve the public. It may include the related facilities for passengers. 18. „„Carriageway” means the clear motorable width within the road right of way without
any obstructions such as drains, trees, electric poles, etc. The carriageway surface may be or may not be paved. Width of the carriage way or the width of the pavement depends on the width of the traffic lane and number of lanes. 19. „„Chajja” means a continuous sloping or horizontal cantilever projection provided
over an opening or external wall to provide protection from sun and rain. 20. “Chimney” means a structure usually vertical containing a passage or flue by which
the smoke, gas, etc., of a fire or furnace are carried off and by means of which a draught is created. 21. “Civic Amenity" means a market, a post office, a bank, a bus stand or a bus depot,
a fair price shop, a milk booth, a school, a dispensary, a maternity home, a child care centre, a library, a gymnasium, a recreation centre run by the Government or Local Authority, a centre for educational, religious, social or cultural activities or philanthropic service run by a co-operative society or society registered under the Karnataka Societies Registration Act, 1960 (Karnataka Act 17 of 1960) or by a trust created wholly for charitable, educational or religious purposes, a police station, fire station, an area office or a service station of the Local Authority or the Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board or the Karnataka Electricity Supply Companies, State and Central Govt. offices and such other amenity as the Government may by notification specify. 22. “Clinic”: A premises used for treatment of out–patients by a doctor. P a g e | 189
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23. “Clinical Laboratory”: A premises used for carrying out tests for diagnosis of
ailments. 24. “Commercial Building” means a building or part of a building, which is used as
shops, and/or market for display and sale of merchandise either wholesale or retail, building used for transaction of business or the keeping of accounts & records for similar purpose; professional service facilities, corporate offices, software services, offices of commercial undertakings and companies, petrol bunk, restaurants, lodges, nursing homes, cinema theatres, multiplex, kalyana mantapa, banks ,community hall and clubs run on commercial basis. Storage and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building shall be included under this group, except where exempted. 25. “Common Wall” means a wall built on land belonging to two adjoining owners, the
wall being the joint property of both owners. a)
If two adjoining owners build a dividing wall on their property, they are not common walls and no part of the footings of either wall shall project on to the land of the adjoining owner, except by legal agreement between the owners.
b)
Any such „„common” or “dividing” wall shall be considered for the purpose of these byelaws, as being equivalent to an external wall as far as the thickness and height are concerned.
26. “Community Hall” means congregational place to be developed by Government or
Local Bodies, Trust, Society, etc., and having a Hall without separate kitchen and dining. No upper floor shall be permitted. 27. “Convention Centre” means premises having enclosed space for conducting
seminars, conferences and exhibitions without cooking facilities. 28. “Corner Plot/ Corner Site” means a plot facing two or more intersecting
Streets/Roads. 29. “Corridor” means a common passage or circulation space including a common
entrance hall. 30. „„Court yard” means a space permanently open to the sky either in the interior or
exterior of a building within the site around a structure. 31. “Covered Area” means area covered by building / buildings immediately above the
plinth level, but does not include the space covered by; a. Court yard at the ground level, garden, rocky area, well and well structures, plant, nursery, water pool, swimming pool (if uncovered) platform around a tree, tank, fountain, bench with open top and unenclosed sides by walls and the like; b. Drainage, culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully-pit, chamber gutter and the like; P a g e | 190
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c. Compound or boundary wall, gate, un-storied porch and portico, chajja, slide, swing, uncovered staircase, watchman booth including toilet. The area covered by watchman booth or pump house shall not exceed 15 sqm depending on the size of the plot and its requirement. d. Sump tank and electric transformer. 32. “Cross Wall” means an internal wall within the building up to the roof level or lintel
level. 33. “Cultural Building” means a building built by a Trust, Society, Government or Local
body for cultural activities. 34. “Density” means concentration of population expressed in terms of number of
persons per hectare in a particular area. 35. “Development Plan” means Plan containing proposal for construction of one or
more buildings. 36. “Detached Building” means a building, the walls and roof of which are independent
of any other building in the same plot with open spaces on all sides, except the portion covered by the garage. 37. „„Duplex” means a residential apartment in two levels connected with an internal
staircase. 38. “Drains” means natural valleys intended for flow of storm water /rain water. 39. „„Drainage” means the removal of any waste liquid by a system constructed for this
purpose. 40. “Dwelling Unit /Tenement” means an independent housing unit with separate
facility for living, cooking and sanitary requirements. 41. „„Exit” means a passage, channel or means of egress from any floor to a street or
other open space of safety. 42. “External Wall” means the outer wall of the building not being a partition wall even
though adjoining a wall of another building and also a wall abutting on an interior open space of any building. 43. “First Floor” means the floor immediately above the ground floor or stilt, on which
second and other floors follow subsequently. 44. “Flatted Factory” means a premises having group of non-hazardous small
industrial units as given in Schedule I having not more than 50 workers and these units may be located in multi-storeyed industrial buildings. 45. “Floor” means the lower surface in a storey on which one normally walks in a
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46. „„Floor Area Ratio”(FAR) means the quotient of the ratio of the combined gross area
of all floors, except the areas specifically exempted under these regulations, to the total area of the plot, viz. Floor Area Ratio =
Total floor area of all the floors ---------------------------------------------Plot Area
47. “Footing” means the projecting courses at the base of a wall to spread the weight
over a large area. 48. "Foundation” means that part of structure which is below the lowest floor and which
provides support for the superstructure and which transmits the load of the superstructure to the bearing strata. 49. “Frontage” means the width of any site/land abutting the access/public road. 50. „„Garage” means a structure designed or used for the parking of vehicles. 51. “Government” means the Government of Karnataka. 52. “Ground Floor” means immediately above the level of the adjoining ground level on
all sides or above the basement floor. 53. “Guidance Value” is the value fixed by the Sub-Registrar for the land/building as per
The Karnataka Stamp Act -1957. 54. “Gas godown” means premises where LPG cylinders are stored. 55. “Ground Coverage” means the total area covered by building immediately above
the plinth level. Swimming pool, sump tank, pump house and electric substation, utilities are not included. 56. „„Group Housing” means apartments or group of apartments on a minimum plot size
of 1 hectare or more with one or more floors and with one or more dwelling units in each floor. They are connected by an access of not less than 3.5 m in width, if they are not approachable directly from the road. 57. “Habitable Room” means a room occupied or designed for occupancy by one or
more persons for study, living, sleeping, Eating, cooking but does not include bathrooms water closet compartments, laundries serving and storage pantries, corridors , cellars, attics and spaces that are not used frequently or during extended periods. 58. “Hazardous Building” means a building or part thereof used for:
a. Storage handling, manufacture of processing of radioactive substances or of highly combustible or explosive materials or of products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity and/or producing poisonous fumes or explosive emanations; P a g e | 192
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b. Storage, handling, manufacture or processing of which involves highly corrosive, toxic or noxious alkalis, acids, or other liquids, gases or chemicals producing flame, fumes and explosive mixtures, etc. or which result in division of matter into fine particles capable of spontaneous ignition. 59. “Head Room” where a finished ceiling is not provided the lower side of the
Joists or
beams or tie beams shall determine the clear headroom. 60. „„Height of Building” means the vertical distance measured in the case of flat roofs
from the average road level of the site to the top of the roof and in the case of pitched roofs up to the point where the external surface of the outer wall intersects a finished surface of the sloping roof and in case of gable facing the street, the midpoint between the eave-level and the ridge. Architectural features, service no other function except that of decoration shall be excluded for the purpose of measuring height. Water tank, chimneys, lift room, stair case room, and parapet are also excluded for the purpose of measuring height. The aggregate area of such structures shall not exceed 1/10th of the roof area of the building upon which they are erected. 61. “Heritage Building” means a building possessing architectural, aesthetic, historic or
cultural values, which is declared as Heritage building by the Planning Authority, Kanakapura or any other Competent Authority within whose jurisdiction such building is situated. 62. “Heritage Precinct” means an area comprising heritage building or buildings and
precincts thereof or related places which is declared as such by the Planning Authority, or any other Competent Authority within whose jurisdiction such building is situated. 63. „„High Density Development” means development which include star hotels,
shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, IT and BT. 64. “High-rise Building” means a building of height of G+4 or 15 m or more above the
average ground level. However, chimneys, cooling towers, boiler, rooms/ lift machine rooms, cold storage and other not-working areas in case of industrial buildings and water tanks, and architectural features in respect of other buildings may be permitted without reckoning for height. 65. “Hospital” is premises providing medical facilities of general or specialized
nature for treatment of indoor and outdoor patients. 66. “Hotels”: A premises used for lodging or payment with or without boarding facilities.
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67. “Integrated Residential Schools”: A premises having educational and playing
facilities for students up to XII standard and also having boarding facilities for students and faculty members. 68. “Industrial Building” means a building wholly or partly used as a factory, for the
manufacture of products of all kinds and related activities (including fabrication and assembly, power plant, refinery, gas plant distillery, brewery, dairy, factory, workshop etc.) 69. “IT Infrastructure companies” means the real estate Infrastructure developer or a
builder, registered under Indian Companies Act, 1956, having core competency in constructing IT office space for sale or for lease cum sale to IT Industry for the purpose of IT activities by the IT industry. 70. “IT/ITES Park” is defined as exclusively delineated or earmarked site/area of 2000
sqm land and above managed and developed/ to be developed with IT office space and other amenities and made available on lease basis for IT industry, to provide “ plug and play” facilities as per the stipulations contained herein. 71. “IT/ ITES Campus” is defined as IT office space and other amenities developed by
an IT Company on its own land and for its own use. 72. “IT/ITES Special Economic Zone (SEZ)” is notified by government of India as
IT/ITES SEZ developed in an area of 25 acres and above to be developed by a developer or co-developer, according to the provisions of The SEZ Act, 2005. 73. “Junk Yard” means premises for covered semi covered or open storage including
sale and purchase of waste goods, commodities and materials. 74. „„Kalyana Mantapa” means premises where marriages, social and religious
functions are conducted with cooking facilities. 75. “Land Use” includes the purpose to which the site or part of the site or the building
or part of the building is in use or permitted to be used by the Authority on any specified date. Land use includes zoning of land use as stipulated in the Master Plan and the Zonal regulations. 76. „„Layout “means any subdivision of land with the formation of a new road or an
access road. It may consist of single or multiple sites. 77. „„Layout Plan” means sub division of plot (residential or nonresidential) with
proposed road network and provision for Parks and Civic Amenities. 78. “License” means an authorization or permission in writing by the ULB to carry out
any building construction. 79. “Lodging” is a premises used for lodging on payment.
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80. “Loft” means a residual space above normal floor level which may be constructed or
adopted for storage purposes. 81. “Lift” means an appliance designed to transport persons or materials between two
or more levels in a vertical direction by means of a guided car platform. 82. „„Master Plan” means Master Plan, 2031 prepared for the Local Planning Area of
Kanakapura approved by the Government under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. 83. “Mezzanine Floor” means an intermediate floor between Ground floor and First floor
only, with area of mezzanine floor restricted to 1/3 of the area of that floor and with a minimum height of 2.20m. Mezzanine floor is permitted on commercial uses only. Such Mezzanine floor shall be accessible only from the Ground floor. 84. “Multilevel Car Parking (MLCP)” means multilevel R.C.C. structure used for vehicle
parking connected to all floors by means of ramps or ramps with mechanical elevators. MLCP can be an independent structure or part of a building with other land uses. 85. “Multiplex” means, a building housing an entertainment and cultural centre including
cinema theatres, restaurants, food courts, shops etc. 86. “Nursing Home” means, a premises having medical facility for in-patient and out-
patient patients, providing up to 30 beds. 87. „„Open Space” means an area forming an integral part of the plot, left open to sky in
a building. 88. “Parapet” means a low wall or railing built along the edge of a roof or balcony. 89. “Parking Space” means an area enclosed or unenclosed, covered or open sufficient
in size to park vehicles together with a drive-way connecting the parking space with a street or any public area and permitting the ingress and egress of the vehicles. 90. “Park”: An area used for leisure, recreational activities, it may have related
landscaping, public toilet and fence. 91. “Playground”: An area used for outdoor games, it may have on it landscaping,
parking facilities and public toilet. 92. “Penthouse” means a covered space not exceeding 10 sqm on the roof of a
building, which shall have at least one side completely open. 93. „„Plinth” means the portion of a structure between the surface of the surrounding
ground and surface of the floor immediately above the ground. 94. “Plinth Area” means the built up covered area of the building. 95. “Plinth Level” means the level of the floor of a building immediately above the
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96. “Plot or Site”: A parcel of land enclosed by definite boundaries and held in one
ownership. 97. “Porch or Portico” means a roof cover supported on pillars or cantilevered
projection for the purpose of pedestrian or vehicular approach to a building. 98. “Public and Semi-Public Building” means a building used or intended to be used
either ordinarily or occasionally by the public and owned by State or Central Government or Quasi Government or Local Authorities such as offices, religious institutions (a church, temple, chapel, mosque or any place of public worship), educational institutions (college, school), health institutions, library, cultural and recreational institutions/theatres of noncommercial nature, public concert room, public hall, hospital run by public institutions, public exhibition hall, lecture room or any other place of public assembly, Dharmashala. 99. “Pump Room” means a room provided below ground level adjacent to sump tank to
house various types of pumps with self-priming mechanism however the entrance shaft of the pump room of a maximum of 2Mx2M may be permitted above the ground level. 100.
“Recreational Club” is a premises used for assembly of a group of persons
for social and recreational purposes with all related facilities. 101. “Repair Shop” is a premises similar to retail shop for carrying out repair of house hold goods, electronic gadgets, automobiles, cycles etc., 102. “Residential Building” means a building used or constructed or adopted to be used wholly for human habitation and includes garden, ground, garages, stables, and other out-houses if any, necessary for the normal use of the building as a residence. 103. “Restaurant” is a premise used for serving food items on commercial basis including cooking facilities, with covered or open space or both having seating facilities. 104.”Retail Shop” is a premise for sale of commodities directly to the Consumer with necessary storage. 105. “Right of way (ROW)” is the width of land acquired for the Road, along its alignment. It should be adequate
to accommodate all the cross
sectional
elements of the highway and may reasonably provide for future development. To prevent development along highways, control lines and building lines shall be provided. Control line is a line which represents the nearest limits of future uncontrolled building activity in relation to a road. Building line represents a line on
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either side of the road; between which and the road no building activity is permitted at all. 106. ”Road Level” is the level of the road at the access to the property or in the event of more than one entrance to the property the road level considered shall be at the centre of the property frontage. The level of the road shall be taken at the centre of the carriage way. 107. “Road Width” means the distance between the boundaries of a road including footways and drains measured at right angles to the centre of the plot. Note: In case of sites at T junction or at the intersection of multiple roads, the width of the road parallel to the site shall be considered. 108. “Room Height” means the vertical distance measured between the finished floor surface and the finished ceiling surface where a finished ceiling is not provided, the underside of the joist or beams or tie beams shall determine the upper point of measurement. The minimum height of the room shall be 2.75 m. 109. “Row Housing” means more than one residential buildings in a row attached to each other with only front, rear and interior open spaces. 110. “Semi-detached Building” means a building detached on three sides with open spaces as specified in these regulations. 111. “Service Apartment” means fully furnished room or suite or rooms with kitchen, which is intended to be used on rental basis. 112. “Service Road” means a road / lane provided adjacent to a plots(s) for access or service purposes as the case may be. 113. “Services” means activities incidental to the land use of the building such as electrical sub-station, electrical panel room, generators, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air conditioning) facilities, plumbing and sanitary facilities, STP, refrigeration and cold storage, firefighting facilities, building management systems, car park management facilities and similar such activities. 114. Service Industry” means an industry where services are offered with or without power. If power is used, aggregate installed capacity shall not exceed 5 HP. The site area shall not exceed 240 sqm. Service industries shall be permitted in the residential and commercial zone under special circumstances and in the light industries zone of the Master Plan as given in Schedule I. 115. “Set back” means the open space prescribed under these Zonal
Regulations
between the plot boundary and the plinth of the building. 116. “Stilt Floor” means a floor consisting of columns, used only for vehicle parking It may also be open parking area provided at ground level and not be covered by P a g e | 197
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enclosures and shutters. The height of the stilt floor shall be a minimum of 2.4m and shall not exceed 3.0m. The height shall be considered for calculating the total height of the building. In case of mechanical or multi-level parking the maximum height shall be 3.6 m. 117. “Storey” means the space between the surface of one floor and the surface of the other floor vertically above or below. 118. „„Staircase Room” means a room accommodating the stairs and for purpose of providing protection from weather and not used for human habitation. 119. „„Town Municipality” means the Town Municipal Council of Kanakapura established under the Karnataka Municipality Act. 120. “Villa” An independent house/dwelling on a given plot. 121. “Wholesale” An area where goods and commodities are sold or, delivered to retailers, the premises include storage/ go down, loading and unloading facilities. 122. “Zonal Regulations” mean the Regulations governing land use made under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961.
Note: 1. The words and expressions not defined in these regulations shall have the same meaning as in the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 and Rules, the Building Bye Laws of Bangalore Mahanagara Palike and National Building Code of India 2005. 2. Any other unforeseen situations that arise during implementation of this Zonal Regulations for which provisions are not found in this, the Authority may take decision in consultation with the BMRDA or Director of Town & Country Planning. 3. The Authority till the framing of its own Building Byelaws under Section 75 of the KTCP Act 1961 shall adopt the relevant portions of the Building Byelaws of the Bangalore Mahanagara Palike not covered under these Regulations in respect of size of drawings, qualifications of persons drawing the plans, size of habitable rooms, ventilation, facilities for physically handicapped persons, fire safety requirements, staircase details, etc. in a building 4. Safety measures against earthquake in building construction: Buildings shall be designed and constructed adopting the norms prescribed in the National Building Code and in the “criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures” bearing No. IS 1893-2002 published by the Bureau of Indian Standards, making the buildings resistant to earthquake.
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1.2 ZONING OF LAND USE For the purpose of these regulations, the planning area of the town is divided into following use zones. 1. Residential 2. Commercial 3. Industrial 4. Public and Semi-Public 5. Public Utilities 6. Open Spaces, Parks, Playgrounds, Buffer along River and Burial Ground 7. Transport and Communication 8. Agricultural Use 9. Areas of special control
NOTE: i.
Uses permissible under special circumstances by the Authority in different zones provided that:a) The proposal for all such changes are displayed in the notice board of the Planning Authority, inviting objections from the public within a period of not less than fifteen days from the date of display as may be specified by the Planning Authority.
ii.
Roads are permitted in all the zones.
iii.
Prior to giving permission for religious use and school or college buildings in different zones either under uses permissible or under special circumstances by the Authority, instructions given in Government Circular No. Na A E 237 Be Ma Praa 2009 dated 19-09-2009 is to be followed.
iv.
Uses permitted in all the above category of zones are subject to space standards as given in Table-1.
v.
Space standards for various buildings/ uses in different zones are strictly adhered to while giving permission for change of land use / alienation as prescribed in Table – 1.
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Uses of land that are permitted and those that may be permitted under special circumstances by the Kanakapura Planning Authority in different zones of the local planning area shall be as follows:
1.2.1 RESIDENTIAL ZONE: a. Uses permitted:
Dwellings
units/tenements,
plotted
residential
developments,
villas,
semidetached houses apartments, multi dwelling housing, service apartments, group housing, hostels including working women and gents hostels, old age homes, Dharmashala, orphanages, places of public worship, schools offering higher primary school courses, kinder garden/kids play area, Daycare, crèche (with a minimum site area of 500 sq. m for nursery schools and 1000 sq. m for lower primary schools) public libraries, post and telegraph offices, telephone exchange, Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited Counters, milk booths, HOPCOM centres, STD booths, mobile phone service repairs, computer institutes.
b. Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Municipal, state and central government offices, public utility buildings, cemeteries, golf clubs, Recreational Clubs for local residents noncommercial in nature, banks, nursing homes, higher primary schools with minimum site area of 2000 sqm, hospitals, (with a minimum site area of 750 sq. m and the site is abutting a road of minimum 12 m width), philanthropic uses, fuel storage depots, filling stations, service industries with NOC from KSPCB(for all the above industries and those as per the list given in Schedule-I, power required for air conditioning, lifts and computers are excluded from HP specified above), power loom for silk twisting provided the noise generated shall be within the limit prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India / gas cylinder storage provided it satisfies all required norms of safety, neighbourhood or convenience shops limited to 20 sq. m., internet cafe centres, doctors consulting, Room, not exceeding 20.00 sqm. pay & use toilets and service apartments, vehicle parking including multilevel car parking.
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Note: a) Diesel generators equivalent to the quantity of power supplied by the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) may be permitted as substitute to power cut and power failures in any zone after obtaining information on the quantity of power supplied to a premises and the capacity of generator required from KPTCL. However, in residential zone installation of diesel generators be discouraged and shall be given in exceptional cases after spot verification and obtaining No Objection Certificate from the KSPCB.
b) Where service apartments and other non-residential activities are permitted, fee under section 18 of KTCP Act, 1961 for commercial use shall be levied. c) In case of Multi dwellings exceeding 50 units, a maximum 100 sqm of commercial use may be allowed for the purpose of neighbourhood shops only in case of normal circumstances.
1.2.2 COMMERCIAL ZONE: a. Uses permitted:
All uses that are permitted in residential zone, traffic & transportation and public/semipublic zones subjected to statutory NOC„S like FIRE, KSPCB etc., petty shops/ retail shops & hardware shops, job typing / computer training institutes, cyber cafe, and internet browsing, departmental stores, grocery/ HOPCOMS, vegetable shops, newspaper, stationery and milk booth, commercial and corporate offices / clinics belonging to “professional services” like advocates and doctors, architects and self-owned, shopping/ commercial complexes and service establishments like hair dressing saloons, massage centers, laundries, dry cleaning and tailoring shops, restaurants and hotels, eateries such as darshinis, tea stalls, and take away, bakery and sweet stalls , mutton and poultry stalls, cold storages, clubs, hostels, newspaper or job printing, all types of offices, STD/FAX/internet center/ ATM centers/ banks, insurance and consulting and business offices, places of amusement or assembly, microwave towers and stations, advertising signs conforming to relevant building byelaws, photo studio, church, temple and other places of worship and assembly, educational, medical/engineering/ technical and research institutions,(on the sites having minimum 2 ha with a minimum of 12m wide approach road), financial P a g e | 201
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institutions, education coaching centers, nursing homes and specialty hospitals, pathological labs, hostels, libraries, any retail business or services not specifically restricted or prohibited therein, filling stations (Fuel stations and pumps, LPG storage, gas retail outlets), neighborhood shops, nursing homes, service industries listed in Schedule – I (power up to 10HP). Uses for small repair centers (electronic, mechanical, automobile), vulcanizing shops, printing press, residential buildings including orphanages and old age homes, gyms, clinics and yoga center, warehouses, storage areas for goods and kalyana mantapas, cinema theatres, multiplexes, auditoriums, community centers, recreational /social clubs and amenities, exhibitions centers, entertainment and amusement centers, convention centers and banquet halls, hard and software computer offices and information technology related activities (Power required for air conditioners, lifts and computers are excluded from the HP specified above), flour mill up to 10 HP
b. Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Automobile workshop, manufacturing establishments employing not more than ten workers and uses permitted or permissible on appeal in the residential zone other than those specifically prohibited therein. Heavy goods markets, storage of inflammable materials, sale of second hand junk goods, junk yards & agro mandis junkyard, truck terminals, weigh bridges, cold storage, fruit and vegetable markets, meat and fish markets, wholesale business, trading & warehouses, flour mill up to 20 HP
Note: I
Commercial complexes / office complexes/ neighborhood shops should have sufficient provision for toilet for visitors in each floor and should be shown on plan. It shall have waste disposal arrangements.
1.2.3 INDUSTRIAL ZONE: a.
Uses that are permissible:
All uses that are permissible under special circumstances in Residential and Commercial zone & traffic & transportation use, all industries like IT and BT industries, microwave towers, power plants, filling stations, parking lot (including P a g e | 202
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multi-level), bus and truck terminals, loading and unloading facilities, warehouses, public utilities like garbage and sewage disposal, municipal and Government offices, dwellings for manager, watch and ward staff in an area not exceeding 1000 sqm or 10% of the total area, whichever is lower, canteen and recreation facilities, kalyana mantapa, office, shops, clubs, job printing, banks, restaurants, dispensary and automobile service stations. All uses as per the categorization of light industries, medium industries and heavy industries defined by Department of Industries and Commerce (schedule– I) except Obnoxious and hazardous industries. There is no power limitation for industries to be permitted in this zone. b. Uses that are permissible under special circumstances by the Authority: Obnoxious and hazardous industries are subject to clearance from the State Pollution Control Board, junk yards, dairy and poultry farms, slaughter house and meat processing unit, ice and freezing plants with power, sports and recreation uses, resorts and amusement parks.
Note: i.
To encourage work-home relationship, 40% of the available land area for development of residential use for providing quarters to the employees of that particular industry, subject to clearance from the KSPCB in an area of 10 hectares and above.
ii. Wherever IT and BT industries are permitted in area of 5 hectares and above, 30% of the area may be allowed for residential apartment for the convenience of the employees subject to clearance from the KSPCB iii. Residential regulations shall be followed for approval of residential development within the premises of industrial/ I.T. and B.T. area. iv. Uses permitted under this category are subject to environmental clearances.
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Schedule – I 1. Illustrative list of household and service industries permitted in Residential and Commercial Zone: Sl. No.
Description
1.
Bread and bakeries
2.
Confectionary, candies and sweets
3.
Biscuit Making
4.
Ice, ice-Cream
5.
Cold Storage (small scale)
6.
Aerated water and fruit beverages
7.
Huller and flour Mills
8.
Automobile, scooter and cycle service and repair workshop
9.
Furniture (Wooden and Steel)
10.
Printing, book binding, embossing, etc.
11.
Laundry, dry Cleaning and dyeing facilities
12.
General jobbing and machine shops
13.
Household utensil repairs, welding, soldering, patching and polishing.
14.
Photography, printing (including sign board printing)
15.
Vulcanizing
16.
Tailoring
17.
Hand looms
18.
Velvet embroidery shops
19.
Art weavers and silk sarees, printing and batik works
20.
Jewellery, gold ornaments and silver wares
21.
Mirror and photo frames
22.
Umbrella assembly
23.
Bamboo and cane products
24.
Sport goods and repair shops
25.
Musical instrument repair shops
26.
Optical lens grinding, watch, pen repairs
27.
Radio and T.V. repair shops
28.
Electric lamp fittings
29.
Shoe making and repairs
30.
Audio / Video libraries
31.
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32.
R&D Labs, test centres, IT, BT, BPO activities
33.
Rubber stamps
34.
Card board box and paper products including paper (manual only)
35.
Cotton and silk printing/ screen printing
36.
Webbing (narrow, fabrics, embroidery, lace manufacturing)
37
Ivory, wood carving and small stone carving
38
Coffee curing units
39
Candles and wax products
40
Household kitchen appliances
41
Washing soaps small scale only
42
Fruit canning and preservation
43
Electric lamp fitting / Assembly of bakelite switches, shoe making, repairing
44
Power looms (silk reeling unit up to 10 HP)
45
Areca nut processing unit
46
Beedi rolling
47
Agarbathi rolling
48
Assembly and repair of measuring instruments(excluding handling of mercury and hazardous materials)
49
Clay & modelling with plaster of paris.
50
Dairy products Example: cream, ghee, paneer, etc.
51
Enamelling vitreous (without use of coal)
52
Milk cream separation / Milk Diary
53
Manufacture of jute products
54
Manufacture of bindi
55
Photo copying of drawings including enlargement of drawings and designs
56
Packaging of shampoos
57
Packaging of hair oil
58
Utensil washing powder (only mixing and packaging)
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2.
Zoning Regulations
Illustrative list of Light Industries: Sl. No.
Description
1.
Bread and bakeries
2.
Confectionery, candies and sweets
3.
Biscuit making
4.
Ice, ice cream
5.
Cold storage (small scale)
6.
Aerated water and fruit beverages
7.
Flour mills with power up to 20HP
8.
Hats, caps, turbans including garments
9.
Hosiery including knitted garments
10.
Gold and silver thread
11.
Shoe lace making
12.
Toy making (earthen, paper, wooden, plastic metal and tin)
13.
Cotton and silk cordages, twine thread and thread ball making
14.
Velvet embroidered shoes
15.
Art wares and silk screen printing and batik works
16.
Jewellery, gold ornaments and silver wares
17.
Wood and stone carving
18.
Electroplating, mica plating, engraving
19.
Photographs, printing (including sign board and printing)
20.
Stone carving
21.
Mirrors and photo frames
22.
Umbrella assembly
23.
Bamboo and cane products
24.
Sports goods
25.
Card board box and paper products including paper
26.
Stationery items including educational and school drawing instruments
27.
Furniture making (wooden and steel)
28.
Musical instruments
29.
Printing, book binding, embossing, photograph, etc.
30.
Optical lens grinding, watch and pen repairing
31.
Steel wire products
32.
Sheet metal works
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33.
Metal polishing
34.
Laboratory porcelene wares
35. 36.
Radio assembly and parts TV, mobile phones, air conditioner, fridge assembly parts (small scale) Electric lamps, fittings, shades, fixtures, etc.
37.
Automobiles, scooters, cycle service and repair workshop
38.
Laundry and dry cleaners
39.
General jobbing machine
40.
Iron foundries (only when related to other industries using electricity)
41.
Brushes (household, sanitary and toilet)
42.
Shoe making and repairing
43.
Leather goods
44.
Black smithy
45.
Household utensils, repair, welding, soldering, patching, and polish (kalai)
46.
Vulcanising and tyre re-treading
47.
Cement products
48.
Chalk, crayon, artist‟s colour
49.
Tobacco products (cigarettes and beedies)
50.
Cosmetics and hair oils
51.
Cutlery
52.
Cycle parts and accessories
53.
Door and window fittings
54.
Drugs and medicines
55.
Lantern, torches and flash lights
56.
Aluminium wires, cake and pastry moulds.
57.
Padlocks and pressed locks
58.
Rope making (vegetable fibre)
59.
Mathematical instruments
60.
Builder‟s hard wares
61.
Tin products
62.
Optical frames
63.
Button clips
64.
Wax polishing
65.
Upholstery springs and other springs
66.
Precision instrument of all kinds
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67.
Safety pins
68.
Screws, bolts, nuts, pulleys, chains, gears
69.
Conduit pipes fabrication (not exceeding 2" diameter)
70.
Buckets and metal containers, plastic jugs and fixtures metal embossing.
71.
Oil stoves and pressure lamps
72.
Paper mill (small scale) hand made
73.
Washing soaps
74.
Hand tools
75.
Electric industries, computer and software
76.
Ice and freezing plants
77.
Information Technology & Bio Technology
3. Illustrative list of Medium Industries:
Sl. No. 1.
Description Small domestic appliances and gadgets (room heaters, coolers, hot plates, iron lamps, etc.)
2.
Manufacturing of trunks and metal boxes, suit cases, small containers
3.
Scientific, educational and industrial precision instruments.
4.
Clocks and watches, photographic equipments
5.
Typewriters, Radios, TV‟s, air conditioner, fridges, STD/mobile sets.
6.
Electrical instruments (including transistors)
7.
Calculating machines (small machines only)
8.
Copper wire and utensils
9.
Sewing machines
10.
Sanitary fittings (excluding sanitary wares)
11.
Electrical appliances (room heaters, iron and room air coolers, small transformers, electric fans, fractional HP motors, cooking ranges, water heaters, etc.) computers and electric goods.
12.
Electrical fans and industries permitted in light industrial zone.
4. Illustrative list of Heavy Industries: Sl. No.
Description
1.
Hazardous and heavy manufacturing industries
2.
All types of heavy industries P a g e | 208
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1.2.4 PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC USES a) Uses permitted:
All Central, State and Quasi Government offices/ owned complexes, and centres and institutional office, educational, college campus including hostel facilities for students, integrated residential schools/colleges, higher educational Institutions, colleges, cultural and religious institutions including libraries, reading rooms and clubs, medical and health institutions, cultural institutions like community halls, opera houses, clubs, auditoriums, cultural complexes predominantly non-commercial in nature, exclusive places of worship/congregation, public toilets, nursery creches, civic amenities and large infrastructure facilities of health, education, sports, cultural and social institutions, utilities and services, offices/ sub offices of utilities, water supply installations including disposal works, electric power plants, high tension and low tension transmission lines, sub stations, gas installation and gas works, firefighting stations, spastic rehabilitation centers, orphanages, Govt. dispensaries, police stations, post offices, telecommunication/microwave tower, filling stations, fire stations, broadcasting & transmission stations, banks, and quarters for essential staff and all uses permitted under parks and playgrounds, traffic and transport related facilities, Public Transport terminals and interchanges public distribution system shops, bill collection centers, dobhi ghat, dharmashala and research institutions.
Note: Retail shops, restaurants, filling stations, clubs, banks, canteens, dwellings required for power maintenance and functioning of public and semi-public uses in the zone may be permitted when they are run on non-commercial basis in their own premises and ancillary to the respective institutions. b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Parking lot, repair shops, parks, play grounds, maidens and stadiums (no area limit) and recreational uses, stadium, cemeteries, crematorium, clubs, canteen, libraries, aquarium, planetarium, museum, horticultural nursery and swimming pool, orphanages and old age homes, airport related ancillary uses
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Note:i.
In case any private property is included within the boundary of any existing Public and Semi Public building and if the owner can establish the ownership of such property vests with him/her, then the land use adjoining the Public & Semi Public building may be assigned to such private property by the Authority (to be decided by the authority on case to case basis only).
1.2.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES a) Uses permitted: Public utilities include energy, water, telecommunication sub stations/ service stations/supply and pumping stations, high and low tension transmission lines and power stations/ sub-stations, electric power plants, installations, storage reservoirs OHT, treatment plants, storage and dumping yards, gas and gas lines, gas installations and gas works, electric towers, transformers and microwave towers, Telecom towers and drainage and sanitary installations including solid waste management facilities such as land fill sites, garbage dumping yard, treatment plants and disposal works, drying beds, micro-wave towers, fire stations, milk dairies, wind mills. b)
Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Shops,
canteens,
offices,
banking
counter,
dwellings
required
for
proper
maintenance and functioning of public utility and other ancillary users, in their own premises as an ancillary to the respective institutions not exceeding 5% of the total area. Note: i.
ii. iii.
iv.
The buffer created for accommodating the utilities such as power, water, pipeline, oil pipelines and high voltage lines, gas lines and any other utilities. Each “buffer” is dictated by technical standards specified by the competent Authority. The regulations for the above will be decided by the Authority. In case of new developments, these shall remain as non-buildable areas and remain as reservations and marked for the purpose intended. For electrical networks, KPTCL standards are followed. P a g e | 210
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1.2.6 PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS AND OPEN SPACES a) Uses permitted: Parks, play grounds, stadia, NMT infrastructural facilities, sports complexes, children„s play land inclusive of amusement parks such as Disney land type, toy trains, parkways, boulevards, cemeteries and crematoria, burial grounds, public toilets, parking, sewage treatment plants, water storage, sewage treatment plants, public use ancillary to park and open space and open space, parking and playground. The area of such ancillary use shall not exceed 5% of total area.
b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority: Clubs (non-commercial nature and run by residents‟ association), canteens, libraries, aquarium, planetarium, museum, bala bhavan, art gallery, open air theaters, water sports and amusement theme parks, recreational clubs (Non-commercial nature), public libraries, horticulture/nursery, transportation terminals and swimming pool, milk booths, HOPCOMS centres and Uses ancillary to the above such as canteens, may be permitted not exceeding 5% of total area limited to ground plus one floor only.
1.2.7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION a) Uses permitted:
Railway lines, railway yards, railway stations, railway workshops, airport roads, road transport depot, storage depots, bus stations, bus stands and bus shelter, bus bays, auto stand, parking areas, multi-level car parking information, kiosk Integrated, bus terminals, TTMC & metro stations, truck terminals, MRTS terminals, workshop and garages for two wheelers/ LMV/ HMV and filling stations, service stations, airports and helipad, post offices, telegraph offices, telephones and telephone exchanges, television telecasting and radio broadcasting stations, Transport offices, microwave stations and offices in their own premises and residential quarters for watch and ward, filling stations, loading and unloading platforms (with/without cold storage facility), weigh bridges, cargo terminals and transfer of cargo between different types of transport (rail, road, air), Automobile spares and services, transport depot, storage depots, bus stations, bus stands and bus shelter, commercial, office use shall be permitted & encouraged in all transport
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hubs & interchanges like TTMC & IMTH etc., Provided that the built up area for such use does not exceed 25% of developable area. Traffic and Transportation Management Centres, Transit Interchange terminals/ Transit Terminals shall be a minimum of 50 % of the permissible developable area.
b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Hotels, motels, clubs, go downs, special warehousing and indoor recreational uses, shops, canteens, restaurants, banks, dwellings required for proper maintenance of the transport and communication services in their own premises as an ancillary to the respective institutions not exceeding 25% of the total developable area.
Note 1. Regulations for transit oriented development: 1. In case of development for any use abutting road with ROW/Road width of 60 m and above additional FAR of 0.5 over and above the FAR provided against the said use shall be allowed within the 150 m radius of any transit hub/ major interchanges (railway station, B.R.T. and metro) in Zonal Regulations of Kanakapura Master plan, on payment of fee at twice the applicable prescribed rates of Betterment levy subject to statutory clearances viz. fire, Airport etc. 2. In case of development around Railway station/Metro Station/any other Mass Rapid Transport System: Station in the radius of 150 m from the boundary of the same an additional FAR of 0.5 over and above FAR provided against the said use in Zonal Regulations of Kanakapura Master Plan, on Payment of fee at twice the applicable prescribed rates of betterment levy subject to statutory clearances e.g. Airport, Fire safety, Pollution control etc., 3. Minimum Foot path width shall be 2.0m to 3.0m based on the Road width as indicated in road cross sections ( refer Annexure ). 4. As far as possible the traffic and transportation use should be located as per the envisaged activity. It is desirable to have truck terminal/ freight complex/ logistics hub next to or alongside the industrial use. Similarly the public mass transit is meant to take on maximum number of repeat trips hence major terminals of passenger transit should be located at high density work place and high density residential areas. P a g e | 212
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To encourage multimodal transit integration, it is desirable to have the terminals located wherever more than one mode like rail and road are present and they can be integrated. The bus terminal is being redeveloped to accommodate the metro station and intra city bus terminal as well as few inter-city bus terminals, thereby ensuring seamless physical multimodal integration.
1.2.8 AGRICULTURAL ZONE a) Uses Permitted: Agriculture and horticulture, children‟s play land inclusive of amusement parks, such as Disney land type, eco-tourism activities, toy trains, dairy and poultry farming, pisciculture, Piggeries farms, livestock rearing milk chilling centers, cold storage, farm houses and their accessory building and uses not exceeding 200 sq. m. of plinth area for the farmers own use within the limitation of minimum plot area of 1.20 hectares. Not exceeding 250 sq m of plinth area within the plot area limitation of 1.2 ha limited to G+ 1 floor. Uses specifically shown as stated in the land use plan like urban village, brick kilns, concrete block, rice mills, sugar mills, jaggery mills, gardens, orchards, nurseries and other stable crops, grazing pastures, forest lands, marshy land, barren land and water sheet, highway amenities viz., filling stations, weigh bridges and check posts.
b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Agro processing units (as defined by C & I Dept.), Urban amenities such as burial grounds, sports grounds, clubs/ sports clubs, stadiums, playgrounds, parks and garden land, water sports, golf centers, race course, race / driving testing tracks, cultural buildings, places of worship, air terminal and helipads, educational and health institutions, hospitals, libraries, exhibition centers, park and open spaces, graveyards/burial grounds, rehabilitated schemes of government, institutions relating to agriculture, research centres, LPG bottling plant (min. 500 m away from human habitation), mini power projects, ware house, storage and sale of farm products locally produced, provided the Ground Coverage does not exceed 15% and subject to a maximum of Ground+ First floor only. Service and repairs of farm machinery and agricultural supplies, old age and orphanage homes, Public utilities such as solid waste landfills, water treatment plants, power plants, fuel stations and other highway P a g e | 213
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amenities such as weigh bridges, check posts and toll gates having access to major roads, truck terminals, quarrying and removal of clay and stone up to 3.0 m. depth and crushing, wind mills, solar energy stations, residential developments within the area reserved for natural expansion of villages and buildings in such areas should not exceed two floors (Ground + one).
1.2.8A Regulations for Rural Development
Within 150 m radius from the existing gramathana (as defined in the note below), for those villages having a population up to 1000 as per 2011 census, and for every additional 1000 population additional 50 m for uses permitted under residential and agricultural zone may be permitted with the following conditions. 1) FAR: 1.0 2) Maximum no of floors: G+1 3) Setbacks and coverage for the respective uses: As per Table no 8
NOTE: Gramathana: means old village settlement as earmarked in the revenue survey map (village map). Any addition already made to the gramathana in any form shall not be considered while measuring the distance between land in question and gramathana.
1.2.9
AREAS OF SPECIAL CONTROL
1.2.9A Solid Waste Management (SWM) Area/ site For efficient and scientific management and disposal of solid waste generated within Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike limits, certain areas lying within Kanakapura Local Planning Area have been identified. Following regulations are laid out in order to restrict development around these areas as per Government Order No. Na A E 325 MNU 2007 dated 06-10-2007: a.
Area within a distance of 50 m from the premises of the SWM area/ site is declared as “Buffer Zone” and No development or construction is permitted in this zone. However set back and tree plantation may be allowed in this zone.
b.
Area within a distance of 200 m from the premises of the SWM area/ site is declared as “Sensitive Zone” and developments or construction may be permitted without affecting solid waste management area / site. P a g e | 214
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If approval of layout in the “Sensitive Zone” is sought then “existence of
c.
SWM area/ site/ unit for 48 years” is to be written in the layout plan while approving the layout and when sale of sites in such a layout is done then the same is to be written in the sale deed also for the knowledge of applicant/ owner / purchaser of the land/ site. d.
Permissions in the sensitive zone will be as per the land use specified in Master Plan.
The Authority may impose certain conditions (about the
existence of the site etc.,) that may protect the Solid waste management site and sensitive zone
1.2.9B Archeological/ Historical Monuments and Precincts
The historical monuments in any city reflect the past glory of the city. As they attract tourists both from inside and outside the country. While permitting developments around historical monuments, care has to be taken to see that their aesthetic environs are not affected. In order to preserve aesthetic environs around these monuments it is necessary to declare the areas surrounding these monuments as zones of special control and impose the special regulations around these monuments.
The Archeological Survey of India has not yet declared any of the monuments in the Kanakapura town and the State Archeological Department has also not identified any of the monuments in the Kanakapura town.
If the Planning Authority
observes any Heritage structures, precincts of historic and/or
aesthetic and/or Architectural and/or cultural or environmental significance and natural features and sites of scenic beauty, then Authority may demarcate special Development control areas for regulation of development around these areas, to preserve the importance of the concerned heritage structure and also to control the surrounding developments so that they do not mar the grandeur or beauty or view of the heritage structure for the purposes of implementation.
A special Heritage committee may be constituted with the prior approval of the Government to examine the proposals of development or any matter related to development, in the various regulation areas, if received by the Authority, under the provisions of special Regulations and to make recommendations to this Authority for consideration. P a g e | 215
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a)
Zoning Regulations
Building up to and inclusive of first floor or up to a height of 7 m from ground level, whichever is less, is permissible within a distance of 100 m distance from the premises of the monuments.
b)
Buildings up to and inclusive of second floor or up to a height of 10.5 m from ground level, whichever is less are only permissible between 100 m and 200 m distance from the premises of the monuments.
c)
Building up to and inclusive of third floor or up to a height of 14 m from ground level, whichever is less are only permissible between 200 m and 400 m distance from the premises of the monuments.
d)
In any case no building shall be permitted within 400 m above the height of the declared monument.
Note: i.
No permission for any development around notified historical monument, shall be accorded unless concurrence/ No Objection Certificate is received from the competent authority i.e. Archaeological Survey of India, State Archaeology Department.
ii.
Any subsequent amendments to the Archaeology Act concerned regarding prohibited area such amendments shall mutatis mutandis apply to these regulations. Table- 1 Space Standards for various Buildings /Uses
Sl. No
Buildings / Uses
1
Conference halls, Community halls &
Min. road width in m 12.0
Min. size of plot in Sq m 500
Social clubs 2
Cold storage
12.0
1000
3
Indoor games
15.0
2000
4
Hotels / lodges
12.0
500
5
Kalyana Mantapas
12.0
1000
6
LPG storage & Fuel Filling stations
15.0
500
7
Nursing homes/polyclinics
12.0
500
8
Service Apartments
12.0
500
9
Nursery School
12.0
As prescribed by the
10
Lower Primary schools
12.0
competent Authority
11
Higher Primary schools
12.0 P a g e | 216
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1.3
Zoning Regulations
12
High schools with playground,
12.0
13
Integrated Residential Schools
15.0
14
Colleges
15.0
15
Star hotels (up to 3 star)
15.0
16
Star hotels (above 3 star)
18.0
17
Convention centres
15.0
18
Cinema, Multiplex, Convention Center
18.0
2000
19
R&D Lab
12.0
1500
As prescribed by the competent Authority
ZONING REGULATIONS: REGULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT
USES OF BUILDINGS The minimum set back required on all the sides of a building, maximum FAR, maximum height of building that are permissible for different dimensions of sites and width of roads are set out for residential, commercial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings up to 10.0 m in height in Table -2 and 3 given below:
Table – 2 Exterior open spaces / setbacks in percentage (minimum) for residential, commercial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings up to 10.0 m in height Depth of site in m
1. Up to 6 Over 6 Up to 9 Over 9 Up to 12 Over 12 Up to 18 Over 18 Up to 24 Over 24
Residential Minimum in m
Commercial
Traffic & Transportation, Public Utility & public & semi Public
Front
Rear
Front
Rear
Front
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.00
0
1.00
0
1.50
0
1.00
1.00
1.50
0
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.50
3.00
3.50
2.50
4.00
3.00
Width of site in m
Rear
7.
8. Up to 6 Over 6 Up to 9 Over 9 Up to 12 Over 12 Up to 18 Over 18 Up to 24 Over 24
Residential Minimum in m
Commercial
Traffic & Transportation, Public Utility & public & semi Public
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
0
0
0
0
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
0
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.75
1.50
2.00
1.50
2.00
1.75
2.50
2.00
3.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
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Note: a. For Plots of 4000 sqm and above, a minimum setback of 5.00m on all sides shall be insisted b. Multi Dwelling Units (Apartments) shall be allowed only on plot sizes of above 750sqm and the road width shall be more than 9m
Note: i.
When car garage is proposed on the right side rear corner, the minimum front setbacks shall be 3.0 m;
ii.
For residential, commercial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings, above 10 m in height, the setbacks shall be insisted as per Table - 3;
iii.
When minimum set back of 2.0 m is left on the right side, a scooter garage may be permitted at the back side limiting the depth of the garage to 3.0 m Table – 3
Exterior open spaces / setbacks for residential, commercial, public and Semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings exceeding 10.00 meters in height.
Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Height of building in meters Above 10.0 Up to 12.0 Above 12.0 Up to 15.0 Above 15.0 Up to 18.0 Above 18.0 Up to 21.0 Above 21.0 Up to 24.0 Above 24.0 Up to 27.0 Above 27.0 Up to 30.0 Above 30.0 Up to 35.0 Above 35.0 Up to 40.0 Above 40.0 Up to 45.0 Above 45.0 Up to 50.0 Above 50.0
Minimum Exterior open spaces setbacks to be left on all sides (in m) 4.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0
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TABLE – 4 Maximum Floor Area Ratio & Road Widths for Different uses Public & Semi-public, Road width in m
Residential
Commercial
Traffic &Transportation, Public utility
Upto 9
1.50
1.50
1.25
Over 9 to 12
1.75
1.75
1.50
Over 12 to 18
2.00
2.00
1.75
Over 18 to 24
2.25
2.25
1.75
Over 24
2.50
2.50
2.00
Note: Only effluent treatment plant, open to sky swimming pool, car parking are excluded from FAR computations.
1.3.1 Regulations for Group Housing Project All projects honored by the Karnataka Housing Board. The following norms shall be adopted while approving building plans for group housing; a) The approach road to a group housing project must have a minimum width of 12 m; b) A development plan showing the general arrangement of residential building blocks, and dimensions of the plots earmarked for each building block, access roads to abutting lands, parks, open spaces and civic amenity areas, shall be obtained prior to according approval to the building plan; c) Setbacks should be provided with reference to the depth and width of total plot area; d) The floor area ratio (FAR) shall be with reference to the width of the public road abutting the property and the FAR shall be calculated for the net area of the plot as prescribed in Table – 6 after deducting the area reserved for civic amenities. e) The coverage shall be with reference to the total area of the development plan. f)
The distance between any two buildings shall not be less than half the height of the taller building.
G) 15% of the total area to be reserved for civic amenity, parks and open spaces. Out of which shall be 10% for parks and open spaces and 5% for Civic Amenity. P a g e | 219
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TABLE – 6
Maximum plot coverage, FAR, minimum setbacks and minimum road width for group housing Road width in m
Plot coverage
FAR
12.0 Above 12 and up to 18 Above 18 and up to 24 Above 24 m
60% 55% 55% 50%
2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75
Note: a) Approval of development plan showing the general arrangement of residential building blocks, and dimensions of plot earmarked for each building blocks, means of access roads and civic amenity areas, should precede the approval to building plan. b) In case, the height of group housing building exceeds 10.0 m, then setback to be left all-round the premises shall be as per Table – 2. c)
Parking requirement shall be as per Table – 9. In addition, 10% of the total parking shall be reserved for visitors parking separately.
d) Internal roads and park area shall be developed by the owner / developer himself for the specified purpose only. e) 5% of total plot area may be utilized for commercial purpose also. f)
Park area reserved in the development plan shall be handed over free of cost to the Authority by a relinquishment deed and the same may be allowed to be maintained by the local residents’ association (Regd), if the authority so desires.
g) C.A. sites and park area reserved in the development plan shall be handed over free of cost to the Authority by a relinquishment deed. Preference may be given to the owner/developer of the respective project for lease of C.A. area reserved in the Group Housing project. h) The roads as shown in the Master Plan shall be incorporated and shall be handed over to the Authority free of cost through a registered relinquishment deed.
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1.3.2 Regulations for Semidetached Houses The following norms shall be adopted while approving semidetached houses as given in Table – 7. Table – 7 Regulations for Semi-detached houses 1.
Minimum
combined
area
of
the
140 sq m
neighboring plots
2. Building coverage 3. Floor area ratio As applicable to individual plots 4. Maximum number of floors 5. Minimum road width 6. Front setback for back to back plots
Shall be equal to the sum of front and rear setbacks of individual plots. On a plot on which a semi-detached building is
7.
Side setbacks for plots joined at the proposed, the side setback for each unit shall be side.
the total of the left and right setbacks to be left in case of individual plots.
1.3.3 Row housing The following norms shall be adopted while approving row houses as given in Table – 8. TABLE – 8 Row Housing (Maximum 12 units, minimum 3 units) 1 Minimum combined area of plot
210 sq m
2 Maximum area of each plot
108 sq m
3 Building coverage 4 Floor area ratio As applicable to individual plots 5 Number of floors 6 Minimum road width Front: 2.00 m 7 Setbacks minimum
Rear: 1.50 m Side: 2.00 m only for end units
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1.3.4 Flatted factories The following norms shall be adopted while approving flatted factories as given in Table – 9. TABLE - 9 Regulations for Flatted Factories 1. Minimum plot area
1,000 sq m
2. Maximum plot coverage
40 % 1.50 upto 12.0 m road width and
3. FAR
1.75 above 12.0 m road width. a. Front 8.00 m b. Rear
4. Minimum setbacks
4.50 m.
c. Sides 4.50 m.
1.3.5 Industrial buildings Coverage, Floor Area Ratio and Open space for Industrial buildings are as given in Table – 10 below:
TABLE – 10 Coverage, Floor Area Ratio and Open space for Industrial buildings Other
Minimum
sides
road width
in m
in m
1.00
1.00
9
1.25
4.50
3.00
9
55%
1.25
6.00
5.00
Over 12
2001 to 4000
50%
1.25
8.00
5.00
Over 12
4001 to 8000
45%
1.00
8.00
6.00
Over 15
Above 8000
45%
1.00
15.00
12.00
Over 15
Plot area in
Max. plot
Floor area
Minimum
sq m
coverage
Ratio
Front setback in m
Up to 230
80%
1.00
231 to 1000
60%
1000 to 2000
Note: whenever the plot of the minimum size prescribed is not facing the required width of road, permission shall be granted to the maximum extent of built up area allowable to that particular road width. The minimum frontage for plots up to 230 sqm shall be 9m and for plots above 230 sqm shall be 12m. P a g e | 222
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1.3.6 Regulations for IT and BT related Activities FAR and Ground Coverage in Industrial Zone for IT related activities to be followed as per table 10 A below Table -10 A Sl no
Size of plot (sq m)
Ground coverage
Permissible far
Road width (m)
1
Upto 1000
55%
1.50
Above 9m upto 12m
2
Above 1000 upto 2000
50%
1.75
Above 12.0m upto 18.0
3
Above 2000 upto 4000
50%
2.00
Above 18.0 upto 24.0
4
Above 4000 upto 6000
45%
2.25
Above 24.0 upto 30.0
5
Above 6000
45%
2.50
Above 30.0
Note: whenever the plot of the minimum size prescribed is not facing the required width of road, permission shall be granted to the maximum extent of built up area allowable to that particular road width. Parking regulations for IT and BT related buildings Each off-street parking space provided for motor vehicles shall not be less than (2.5 m x 5.5 m) 13.75 sq m area and for scooter and cycle parking spaces provided shall not be less than 3 sq m and 1.4 sq m respectively and it shall be 25% of the car parking space. For building of different uses, off-street parking spaces for vehicles shall be provided as stipulated the Table - 11 Exterior open spaces / setbacks in percentage (minimum) for IT and BT related buildings to be followed as per table 10 B below. Table – 10 B Sl. no
Size of plot (sq m)
Ground
Min front
Min all around
coverage
setbacks (m)
setbacks (m)
1
Upto 1000
55%
6
5
2
Above 1000 upto 2000
50 %
8
5
3
Above 2000 upto 4000
50%
8
6
4
Above 4000 upto 6000
45%
8
6
5
Above 6000
45%
15
12
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1.3.7 Parking Regulations Parking space standards to be adopted are as follows: a) Each off-street parking space provided for motor vehicles shall not be less than (2.5 m x 5.5 m) 13.75 sq m area and for scooter and cycle parking spaces provided shall not be less than 3 sq m and 1.4 sq m respectively and it shall be 25% of the car parking space. b) For building of different uses, off-street parking spaces for vehicles shall be provided as stipulated in the Table - 11below: TABLE – 11 Off-street parking spaces Sl.
Category
No.
Single dwelling unit 1.
2 3 4
Multi-family residential
Minimum one car parking space of 2.50 m x 5.00 m for every A dwelling unit measuring more than 50 sq m upto 150 sq m of the floor area. An additional one car park for part thereof, when it is more than 50% of the prescribed limit. a. 2 tenements each having area less than 50 sq m b. 1 tenement exceeding area of 50 sq
Lodging establishments, tourist homes
4 guest rooms
and hotels Educational a. Hospital
5 b. Nursing homes
200 m floor area a. 100 sq m floor area subject to minimum 20 spaces b. 75 sq m floor area subject to minimum 10 spaces
6
Assembly/Auditorium
25 seats
7
Government or Semipublic buildings
100 sq m floor area
8
Retail business
75 sq m floor area
9
Industrial
100 sq m floor area plus 1 lorry space measuring 3.5m x 7.5m for every 1000 sqm or part thereof.
10
Storage
100 sq m floor area
11
Kalyana Mantapa
75 sq m floor area
12
Private Offices
75 sq m floor area
13
Restaurant/Pubs/Bars/Coffee Parlours 75sq m of floor area
14
Students Hostels
15 rooms
15
Working Persons Hostel
5 rooms P a g e | 224
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Additional parking or part thereof shall be provided when the part area exceeds 50% of the prescribed limits/ standards Note: (a) Parking space shall be with reference to total floor area after deducting space covered by lift room, stair case, open balcony and ducts open to sky in addition to the area deducted for the purpose of calculating the F.A.R. Any place used for parking is not included in the calculation of F.A.R. Incase, additional car parking is provided as part of parking complex or parking lot in excess of required car parking, such area shall be exempted from reckoning the F.A.R. (b) Up to 50 sq m in the case of shops, parking spaces need not be insisted. (c) Off-street parking space shall be provided with adequate vehicular access to a Street and the area of drive aisles subject to a minimum of 3.50 m and such other provision required for adequate maneuvering of vehicles shall be exclusive of the parking spaces stipulated in these Zonal Regulations.
(d) The parking spaces shall be provided in:
(a) First basement for plots up to 1000 sq m and second basement shall be permissible for plots more than 1000 sq m.
(b) Stilt floor or in upper floors (at any level.)
(c) Car parking can be provided in the setback areas provided; a minimum of 3.0 m is left free from the building.
(e) The other aspects for providing parking spaces are:
i. Common and continuous cellar parking floors between adjoining blocks would be allowed depending upon structural safety aspects.
ii. The parking spaces should be efficiently designed and clearly marked and provided with adequate access, aisle, drives and ramps required for maneuvering of vehicles. All sides of the stilt parking shall be open. When stilt parking is provided, the height shall not exceed 2.40mtrs and height shall be considered for calculating the total height of the building. P a g e | 225
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iii. Stilt floor/Cellar parking floor shall be used only for parking and not for any habitation purpose. Misuse of the area specified for parking of vehicles for any other use shall be summarily demolished / removed by the Enforcement Authority. iv. For parking spaces in second basement and upper storey’s of parking floors, at least two ramps of minimum 3.5 m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4 m width and maximum slope of 1:8 shall be provided.
i.
Basement / cellar shall be permitted to extend in the setback area except the front setback after leaving a minimum of 2.0 m from the property line.
ii. A maximum of three basements in the case of 3-Star Hotels and above can be permitted for parking and services
iii. Every basement storey shall be at least 2.4 m in height from the floor to the bottom of the roof slab / beam / ceiling (whichever is less) and this height of basement floor shall not exceed 2.75 m
iv. The basement storey shall not be projected more than 1.20 m above the average ground level (f) Parking provision on multi-level or on any number of floors:
a. Access ramps, elevators, escalators to the upper floors or terrace shall not be provided in the setback area and the ramps to be within the plinth area of the building and shall be exempt from F.A.R. calculation.
b. Car parking shall not be provided in the setback areas. If provided, a minimum of 3.0m shall be left free from the building in case of G+3 buildings and a minimum of 6.0m in case of building which are G+4 or more. c. When Multilevel Car Parking (MLCP) is proposed on a plot as independent activity, there shall not be any limitation for FAR or height of the building
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subject to condition that they satisfy Fire and Airport Authority restrictions wherever applicable.
1.3.8 Corridor The minimum widths of corridor for different uses of building are as given in the Table 12. TABLE – 12 Minimum Width of Corridors Sl. No.
1
Building use or type
Minimum width of the corridor in m
Residential building
1.0
Apartment building
2.0
Assembly buildings such as auditorium, Kalyana Mantapa, 2
cinema theatre, religious building, temple, mosque or church
2.0
and other buildings of public assembly or conference. 3
Institutional buildings such as: a. Government office
2.0
b. Government Hospitals
2.4
c. Educational Buildings such as Schools, Colleges, Research Institutions. d. Commercial buildings such as private office, nursing homes, lodges, etc. e. All other buildings
2.0
2.0 1.5
1.3.9 Restrictions of Building Activity in Vicinity of Certain Areas: a) No building/ development activity shall be allowed in the bed of water bodies like nala, and in the Full Tank Level (FTL) of any lake, pond etc.
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b) The above water bodies and courses shall be maintained as recreational/Green buffer zone, and no building activity other than recreational use shall be carried out within. i)
30 meters from the boundary of Lake of 40.00 ha. and 10 m. for others as per revenue records.
ii) 9 meters from the boundaries of Canal / Raj Kaluve. iii) 3 meters from the boundary of field natural drains as defined in the RS map / toposheets. iv) The above shall be in addition to the mandatory setbacks. Unless and otherwise stated, the area and the Full Tank Level (FTL) of a lake shall be reckoned as measured or given in the Survey of India topographical maps/Irrigation Dept. v) Within the demarcated buffer for tanks/ Nala/ Valleys, Sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants, roads, formation of drains, culverts, bridges, etc. Which will not obstruct the water course, runoffs, channels are allowed.
1.3.10 Distance of Building from Electrical Lines No building shall be erected below an electrical line, as well as within the horizontal distance from the electrical line indicated in the Table - 13. The vertical distance below the level of the electrical line and the topmost surface of the building corresponding to the minimum horizontal distance shall be as indicated in Table - 13. The minimum vertical clearance is not applicable if the horizontal distance exceeds the minimum prescribed. TABLE – 13 Distance of buildings from electrical lines Sl. No
Electric line strength
Horizontal distance from the edge of the electrical line (in m)
Electric line corridor width overall (in m)
1
L.T. line
1.8
4.5
2
H.T. line of 11 KV
1.8
4.5
3
H.T. line of 33 KV
2.5
15.0
4
H.T. line of 66 KV
2.5
18.0
5
H.T. line of 110 KV
3.2
22.0
6
H.T. line of 220 KV
4.2
35.0
7
H.T. line of 400 KV
5.2
52.0
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1.3.11 Solar Water Heater Requirements Solar water heaters shall be provided as per the table for different categories of buildings. TABLE – 14 Solar lighting and water heater requirements Sl.
Type of use
No.
100 liters per day shall be provided for every unit
2
Restaurants service food and drinks with seating / serving area of more than 100 sq m and above. Lodging establishments and tourist homes
40 sq m of seating or serving area 3 rooms
3
Hostel and guest houses
6 beds / persons capacity
4
Industrial canteens
50 workers
5
Nursing homes and hospitals
4 beds
1
6
Kalyana Mantapas, community hall and convention hall (with dining hall and kitchen)
7
Recreational clubs
8
Residential buildings:
30 sq m of floor area 100 sq m of floor area
(a) Single dwelling unit measuring 200 sq m of floor area or site area of more than 400 sq m whichever is more.
9
(b) 500 lpcd for multi dwelling unit / apartments for every 5 units and multiples thereof. Solar photovoltaic lighting systems shall be installed in multi-unit residential buildings (with more than five units) for lighting the setback areas, drive ways, and internal corridors.
1.3.12 Rain Water Harvesting Rain water harvesting is compulsory in all buildings of plots of size (9X12m) and above, it includes storage or recharging into ground of rainwater falling on the terrace or on any paved or unpaved surface within the building site.
The following systems may be adopted for harvesting the rainwater drawn from terrace and the paved surface.
1.
Open well of a minimum of 1.00 m dia. and 6.00 m in depth into which rainwater may be channeled and allowed after filtration for removing silt and floating material. The well shall be provided with ventilating covers. The water from the open well may be used for non-potable domestic purposes such as washing, flushing and for watering the garden, etc.
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Zoning Regulations
Rainwater harvesting for recharge of ground water may be done through a bore well around which a pit of one meter width may be excavated up to a depth of at least 3.00 m and refilled with stone aggregate and sand. The filtered rainwater may be channeled to the refilled pit for recharging the bore well.
3.
An impervious storage tank of required capacity may be constructed in the setback or other than, space and the rainwater may be channeled to the storage tank. The storage tank may be raised to a convenient height above the surface and shall always be provided with ventilating the surface and shall always be provided with ventilating covers and shall have draw off taps suitably place so that the rain water may be drawn off for domestic, washing, gardening and such other purposes. The storage tanks shall be provided with an overflow.
4.
The surplus rainwater after storage may be recharged into ground through percolation pits, trenches, or combination of pits and trenches. Depending on the geomorphologic and topographical condition, the pits may be of the size of 1.20 m width x 1.20 m length x 2.00 m to 2.50 m depth. The trenches can be or 0.60 m width x 2.00 m to 6.00 m length x 1.50 m to 2.00 depth. Terrace water shall be channeled to pits or trenches. Such pits or trenches shall be backfilled with filter media comprising the following materials. –
i)
40 mm stone aggregate as bottom layer up to 50% of the depth;
ii)
20 mm stone aggregate as lower middle layer up to 20% of the depth;
iii)
Course sand as upper middle layer up to 20% of the depth;
iv)
A thin layer of fine sand as top layer;
v)
Top 10% of the pits / trenches will be empty and a splash is to be provided in this portion in such a way that roof top water falls on the splash pad;
vi)
Brick masonry wall is to be constructed on the exposed surface of pits / trenches and the cement mortar plastered;
vii)
The depth of wall below ground shall be such that the wall prevents lose soil entering into pits / trenches. The projection of the wall above ground shall at least be 15 cm;
viii) Perforated concrete slabs shall be provided on the pits / trenches.
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5. If the open space surrounding the building is not paved, the top layer up to a sufficient depth shall be removed land refilled with course sand to allow percolation of rainwater into ground.
The terrace shall be connected to the open well / bore well / storage tank /recharge pit /trench by means of H.D.P.E. / P.V.C. pipes through filter media. A valve system shall be provided to enable the first washings from roof or terrace catchments, as they would contain undesirable dirt. The mouths of all pipes and opening shall be covered with mosquito (insect) proof wire net. For the efficient discharge of rainwater, there shall be at least two rain water pipes of 100 mm dia for a roof area of 100 sq m Rainwater harvesting structures shall be sited as not to endanger the stability of building or earthwork. The structures shall be designed such that o dampness is caused in any part of the walls or foundation of the building or those of an adjacent building.
1.3.13 Facilities for Physically Handicapped Persons Public and semipublic buildings having covered area of 300 sq m and above shall be designed and constructed to provide facilities to the physically handicapped persons as prescribed in the Schedule-V of these Zoning Regulations. SCHEDULE - V Facilities for physically handicapped persons These byelaws shall apply to the physically handicapped persons having the following disabilities.i.
Non-ambulatory disabilities: Impairments that regardless of cause or manifestation, for all practical purposes, confine individuals to wheelchairs;
ii.
Semi-ambulatory disabilities: Impairments that cause individuals to walk difficulty or insecurity. Individuals using braces or crutches, amputees, arthritics, spastics, and those with pulmonary land cardiac ills may be sent ambulatory.
iii.
Hearing disabilities: Deafness or hearing handicaps that make an individual insecure in public areas because he is unable to communicate or hear warning signals.
iv.
Sight disabilities: Total blindness or impairments affecting sight to the extent that the individual functioning in public areas is insecure or exposed to danger. P a g e | 231
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a. Access Path/ Walk Way: The width of access path / walkway from plot entry and surface parking to the building entry shall not be less than 1.80 m. It shall not have a gradient exceeding 5%. b. Surface Parking: At least two car spaces shall be provided at surface level near entrance with maximum travel distance of 30.00 m from the building entrance. c. Space for Wheel Chair Users: Adequate space shall be kept for the free movement of wheel chairs. The standard size of wheel chairs shall be taken as 1050 mm x 750 mm the doors shall have a minimum width of 900 mm to facilitate the free movement of wheel chairs. d. Approval to Plinth Level: At least one entrance shall have approach through a ramp. The ramp shall have a minimum width of 1.80 m with maximum gradient of 1:10. e. Entrance Landing: Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum dimension of 1.80 m x 2.00 m. f.
Corridors: The minimum width of corridors shall be 1.80 m.
g. Staircase: The minimum width of staircase shall be 1.50 m. The minimum number of risers on a flight shall be limited to 12. Size of treads shall not be less than 30 cm and the height of risers shall not be more than 15 cm. h. Lifts: h) Wherever lifts are required to be installed as per bye-laws, provision of at least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair users with the following cage dimensions recommended for passenger lifts of 13 persons capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards. Clear internal depth 1100 mm (1.10 m) Clear internal width 2000 m (2.00 m) Entrance door width 900 mm (0.90) ii) The lift lobby shall have a minimum inside measurement of (1.80 x 1.80) m. j.
Toilets: One special water closet in a set of toilets shall be provided for the use of handicapped persons with wash basin keeping in view the following provisions.i. The minimum size of toilet shall be 1.50 m x 1.75 m. ii. The maximum height of the W.C. set shall be 0.50 m above the floor.
k. Hand Rails: Hand rails shall be provided for ramps, staircases, lifts and toilets. The height of hand rails shall be normally 800 mm above the floor level. If the building is meant for the predominant use of children, the height of hand rails may be suitably altered. P a g e | 232
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l.
Zoning Regulations
Guiding / Warning Floor Material: The floor material to guide or to warn the visually impaired persons with a change of colour or material with conspicuously different texture and easily distinguishable from the rest of the surrounding floor materials is called guiding or warning floor material. The material with different texture shall give audible signals with sensory warning when person moves on this surface with walking stick. The guiding / warning floor material is meant to give the directional effect or warn a person at critical places. This floor material shall be provided in the following areas: i. The access path to the building and to the parking area; ii. The landing lobby towards the information board, reception, lifts, staircase and toilets; iii. At the beginning / end of walkway where there is vehicular traffic; iv. At the location abruptly changing in level and at the beginning / end of ramp; v. At the entrance / exit of the building.
m.
Proper Signage: Appropriate identification of specific facilities within a building for the handicapped persons should be done with proper signage. Visually impaired persons make use of other senses such as hearing and touch to compensate for the lack of vision; whereas visual signals shall benefit those with hearing disabilities. Signs should be designed and located such that they are easily legible by using suitable letter size (not less than 20 mm size). For visually impaired persons, information board in Braille should be installed on the wall at a suitable height and it should be possible to approach them closely. To ensure safe walking there should not be any protruding sign, which creates obstruction in walking.
The symbols / illustrations should be in contrasting colour and properly illuminated so that with limited vision one may be able to differentiate amongst primary colours.
1.3.14 Security Deposit The applicant shall deposit a sum of Rs. 50/- per sq m of floor area as refundable non-earning deposit for the following categories of buildings namely: a) Residential Buildings/ Group Housing/Multi-Dwellings/Apartments with 5 units or more. b) Commercial Buildings exceeding 300 sq m of floor area. The security deposit shall be refunded after one year of completion of the building as per approved plan certified by Development or Local Authority. If the construction is not as per the approved plan, the deposit would be forfeited. P a g e | 233
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1.3.15 General Rules The following shall be considered while enforcing the zoning regulations for all types of developments:
I.
Conversions
a. Conversions prior to the Final approval of Master Plan 2031 are to be honored irrespective of the land use proposed in the Master Plan except in cases of road alignment, natural drains and water bodies. b. The government is the competent authority to permit change of land use under the act. It is further classified that the permission accorded by high power committee/government/single window shall be deemed to be given. It should that the planning authority has provided its opinion to government under the procedure specified under section 14-A of the KTCP Act 1961.
c. All permissions accorded by Kanakapura Planning Authority or BMRDA or Govt. (Change of Land Use, Layout Approval, Building Permission, etc.), approvals given by SHLCC, SLSWCC, Projects of Govt. organizations like KHB, KIADB, KSSIDC, KSCB
prior to coming into force of these zonal regulations shall be treated as
conforming uses irrespective of classification made in the Master Plan-2031 (except proposed circulation pattern and necessary buffers / restrictions of building activity in vicinity of certain areas). This is to be allowed by the authority only. d. Projects by the Karnataka Housing Board within the LPA shall be honored irrespective of landuse given in the master plan e. Projects by the KIADB/KHB or any other statutory bodies shall obtain prior permission of the authority for development of the scheme.
II.
Application of land use:
a. The proposed land use indicated towards the roadside of a property shall be the land use for the entire property (one property depth not exceeding 50 m) without identifying it for different uses by measuring as per the scale of the maps. This is applicable only to the built-up area as shown in the existing land use map. P a g e | 234
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b. Different uses permitted in a given zone may be allowed in different floors of the building. In such cases, the regulations applicable to the use of the ground floor of the building shall apply to the entire building.
c. The proposed alignments of STRR, IRR, RR, TRR, Expressway etc., are to be incorporated. In case of any changes in the alignment by the competent Authority, the same would prevail over MP proposal.
d. Any discrepancies with respect of revenue survey numbers, actual alignment of HT lines, existing roads, nala alignment and water bodies in the MP shall be resolved by field and documentary verification by the Authority and also in comparison with the ground reality/cadastral map
e. In case of change in alignment of roads, H T line or nala indicated in the MP, the adjacent higher land use abutting the alignment before change shall be considered.
f. If the alignment of the existing road is shifted in the MP, the existing road as on ground reality/ cadastral map may be considered for the proposed road widening. The higher land use abutting the shifted road shall be considered accordingly. g. Any variation related to approved layouts incorporated in the Master Plan shall be resolved by the Planning Authority based on the approval on case by case basis.
III.
Setbacks i.
The front and rear setbacks shall be with reference to depth of the site.
ii.
Left and right setbacks shall be with reference to width of the site.
iii.
No side setbacks shall be insisted upon only in the case of reconstruction of existing building where traditional row housing type of development exists and in areas specifically provided under the Zonal Regulations.
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iv.
Zoning Regulations
The provision of setbacks should be read with tables prescribed for floor area ratio, coverage etc., for different type of buildings.
v.
When the building lines are fixed, the front set back shall not be less than the building line fixed or the minimum front set back prescribed whichever is higher.
vi.
In the case of corner sites both the sides facing the road shall be treated as front side and regulations applied accordingly to maintain the building line on these two roads and to provide better visibility.
vii.
In case where the building line is not parallel to the property line, the front and rear setbacks shall not be less than the specified setbacks at any point.
viii. In case of building sanctioned prior to coming into force of these rules which are abutting other properties on one, two or more sides, upper floors may be permitted, to utilize the available FAR except in the front to enable road widening, if any.
ix. In case of irregular plots setbacks are to be calculated according to the depth or width at the points where the depth or width are varying. In such cases, average setbacks should not be fixed at as they may effect minimum set back at any point.
x. The left and right set-backs may be interchanged by the Authority in exceptional cases due to existing structures like: open well and also considering the topography of the land. i.
Higher FAR should be permitted only within 150m radius of any transit hub or major interchanges (Railway station, metro or BRT station).
ii.
Foot path and utility services are provided on either sides roads for 18m & above roads for minimum of 1.5m to 3.5m width.
iii.
Pedestrian only zones shall be identified and marked along with time bound action plan for achieving the same.
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iv.
Zoning Regulations
Commercial, office use shall be permitted and even encouraged in all transport hubs and interchanges like TTMC, IMTH etc.
v.
Bus- bays shall be indicated on the layout approval drawings within the layouts at the time of approval (Above 18M).
vi.
The turning radii of roads at the junctions/ intersection designs shall be as per the IRC code for intersection design for urban roads and shall include space required for signals and utilities along with the signage.
vii.
The parking requirements shall be 50% of the parking shown against the uses in case of commercial/ service industry are proposed to be developed in the transit stations/ terminals / interchanges i.e. TTMCs IMTC.
viii.
The cross-sections in the annexure shall be applicable in case of development of the road of applicable classification. In case additional Row is available the order of priority for the space allocation shall be as below: Pedestrian sidewalk Central Verge/median for pedestrian refuge Cycle path Plantation zone Bus bay Carriageway
IV.
FAR or Floor Area Ratio i. The ratio of the Floor area to the plot area is FAR. However, it includes escalators, open balconies, staircase and corridors. ii. The floor area ratio shall exempt the floor area used for purposes such as parking space, main stair case room, lift shaft, lift wells, and lift machine rooms, ramps, ventilation ducts, sanitary ducts and overhead tanks. iii. When the site does not face the road of required width noted against each, then the FAR applicable to the corresponding width of the roads shall apply. iv. Where a plot faces a wider road than the one prescribed against it, the FAR shall be restricted only to the limit prescribed for the area of the plot.
V.
Basement i. Means storey which is partly or wholly below the average ground level and with a height not exceeding a projection of 1.2 m above the average ground level and overall height of the basement under circumstances should not exceed 2.75 m between the floor and the ceiling of the basement in case of P a g e | 237
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normal parking. In case of stacked/ mechanical parking the height of the basement may be permitted up to maximum of 4.5 m. ii. If a site is measuring less than 200sqm, then car parking shall not be permitted in the basement floor. iii. If the minimum setback is more than 2.0 m, then the basement may be extended on all sides except the side abutting the road, provided the minimum setback between the basement and property boundary is minimum 2.0 m. iv. Basement floors up to maximum of 3 (Three) levels may be permitted for car parking. v. Permissible uses in the Basement for buildings other than 3 star and above category : Dark rooms for X ray and storage of light sensitive materials. Bank Safes/ Strong room included in the FAR. Air condition handling units/ equipment, utilities and services connected with the building. Parking. vi. In case of 3 star and above category of hotels, the spare area in the basement after catering to the requirement of parking facilities may be allowed to be used for other purposes incidental to the running of the hotel, such as; health club, shopping arcade, dining area, with or without kitchen facilities,
with
gas
cylinder,
administrative
office,
gym
rooms,
banquet/conferencing facility, swimming pool, discotheque etc., subject to reckoning of the same for FAR calculations. vii. Parking area if misused is liable to be municipalised /taken over by the local body/authority without any compensation. viii. Basement in a residential building shall be allowed without taking into FAR calculations subject to the condition that it will be used only for the purposes of Home Theater or Gym or a combination of both for personal use of the occupant on a site which does not exceed 500sqm and should be in Residential area. In such cases, it should be single dwelling unit only and the entry to the basement shall be from inside the main building itself. ix. When Basement is used for Car parking, the convenient entry and exit shall be provided. Adequate drainage, ventilation, lighting arrangements shall be made to the satisfaction of the authority.
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VI.
Zoning Regulations
Ramps i. Provision for ramps shall have a minimum width of 3.5 m and a slope of not less than 1 in 10. The ramp and the driveway in the basement shall be provided after leaving a clear gap of minimum 2.0 m from the common property line. The slope of the ramp shall commence from 1.5 m of the edge of property line. ii. Ramps for the physically challenged shall be provided in all Public buildings.
VII.
NOC
i.
For all the high-rise buildings NOC from the following departments shall be obtained.
ii.
a.
Fire force department.
b.
K.U.W.S. & D.B.
c.
K.P.T.C.L./BESCOM
d.
Telecommunication department
e.
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
For all Development Plans, Apartment Buildings and Residential Layouts which come under the category stipulated by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (K.S.P.C.B.), necessary NOC from K.S.P.C.B. shall be furnished.
iii.
For Cinema theatres, the setbacks and other provisions shall be as per Karnataka Cinematography Act and Rules.
VIII.
Sanction or Refusal of Approval (1) On receipt of the application for permission under Section 14, of KTCP Act the Planning Authority shall furnish to the applicant a written acknowledgement of its receipt and after such inquiry as may be necessary either grant or refuse
a
commencement certificate Provided that such certificate may be granted subject to such general or special conditions as the State Government may, by order made in this behalf, direct. (2) If the Planning Authority does not communicate its decision to the applicant within three months from the date of such acknowledgement, such certificate shall be deemed to have been granted to the applicant, Provided that the land use, change in land use or the development for which permission was sought for is in conformity with the Master Plan and the regulation finally approved under subsection (3) of Setion13 KTCP Act.
IX.
Modification during construction/while undertaking up development works: P a g e | 239
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If, during the execution / construction, any modifications are required in the approved plan, the licensed developer / owner shall obtain revised approval by duly following the above- mentioned procedure. X.
Road width a) Road width means distance between the boundaries of a road including footways and drains. b) If the road width varies along the length of road, then the minimum width of the road along 200 m stretch on either side, from the centre of the plot shall be considered. c) In case of roads having service roads in addition to the main roads, the
width of
road shall be aggregate width of service roads and main roads for determining FAR and number of floors. d) When a portion of land is at different/split levels, then the width of the road to be considered for determining F.A.R. shall be the aggregate width of the roads which are at different levels. XI.
Means of Access
The means of exclusive access, which would be other than through public roads and streets, shall not be of more than 30 m length from the existing public roads and streets The minimum width of such access shall be 3.5 m. FAR and height of buildings coming up on such plots shall be regulated according to the width of public street or road. If the means of access exceeds 30.0 m in length, FAR shall be regulated with reference to the width of such access road. Construction of buildings on plots with common access/lanes from the public road/street shall be regulated according to width of such common access roads/lanes.
XII.
Garages
a) For garages no side or rear setbacks are to be insisted. One upper floor not exceeding 3.0 m. in height shall be permitted provided no openings are provided towards neighboring buildings and at least one opening for light and ventilation is provided towards the owners property.
b) Garages shall be permitted in the rear right hand corner of the plot. In cases of buildings constructed or sanctioned prior to the enforcement of these regulations, where space is not available on the right side, it may be permitted on the left side provided minimum setback exists in the adjoining property of the left side. P a g e | 240
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c) In case of corner plots, the garage shall be located at the rear corner diagonally opposite to the road intersection.
d) The maximum width of the garage shall not exceed 4 m and the depth should not be more than 6.0m or 1/3 the depth of the plot, whichever is lower.
e) The garages shall not be constructed or reconstructed within 4.5m from road edge. This may be relaxed in cases where the garage forms part of the main building with minimum setback for the plot. XIII. Plots facing the roads proposed for widening:
In case of a plot facing the road proposed for widening, the required land as indicated in the master plan for road widening shall be handed over to the local Authority free of cost by a „„Relinquishment deed” by the owner of the land before sanction is accorded to his plan;
a) The FAR shall be allowed as applicable to the total area of the site without deducting the area to be taken over for road widening, provided at least 60% of the site area is available for use as a building site after the proposed road widening; and set back shall be determined for the remaining portion of the plot.
XIV. Exemption in open space:
The following exemptions in open space shall be permitted a) Cantilever Portico: A cantilever portico of 3.0 m width (maximum) and 4.5 m length (maximum) may be permitted in the ground floor within the side set back. No access is permitted to the top of the portico for using it as a sit out. Height of the portico shall be open to sky. The portico when allowed shall have a clear open space of one meter from the boundary of the property. b) Balcony: The projection of the balcony shall be measured perpendicular to the building up to the outermost edge of the balcony. Cantilever projection of the balcony shall be permitted not exceeding 1/3 of the setback subject to a maximum of 1.1 m in the first floor and 1.75 m in and above the second floor. No balcony is allowed within the minimum setback area at the ground floor level. The length of the balcony shall be limited to 1/3 of the length of each side of the building.
c) Lifts: Lifts shall be provided for buildings with ground plus three floors and above. P a g e | 241
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d) Parking space: Adequate space for car parking shall be provided in the premises as per standards in Table - 11.
XV.
Water supply: Bore well shall be provided in all high rise buildings to provide alternative source of water supply where the Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board so desires and the strata is capable of yielding water.
XVI.
Height of building: In the reckoning of height of buildings, headroom, lift room, water tanks on terrace, penthouse may be excluded.
XVII.
Road alignment: In case of buildings that have been permitted lawfully by Town Municipal Council or Planning Authority and if such structures are obstruction to the alignment of the proposed roads in the Master Plan, 2031, such road alignment shall be re-looked into by the Authority and decision may be taken suitably.
XVIII.
Permissions: All permissions accorded by Govt. or by the Planning Authority shall be treated as conforming uses irrespective of the classification made in the Master Plan, 2031. This is to be allowed on a case by case basis only.
XIX.
New additions to existing buildings: In case of buildings which are existing prior to coming into force of these regulations,
upper floors may be permitted according to the existing coverage subject to limitation of height, F.A.R., Building Line or any road widening proposals in accordance with present regulations.
1.4. SUB-DIVISION REGULATIONS The purpose of these regulations is to guide the development of new areas in accordance with the land use plan. As long as this is done on sound planning principles with adequate space standards, the future of the Town is assured.
This will not necessitate costly
corrective measures, which would become necessary, if sub-standard growth is allowed to take place. These sub-division regulations are confined to standards of size of plots, street widths and community facilities.
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In sanctioning the sub-division of a plot under section 17 of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, the Planning Authority shall among other things see that the following planning standards are followed for sub-division of plot. The Authority reserves the right to modify the layout submitted by the applicant / owner and may impose any condition either from the planning point of view or in the interest of public.
A. Amalgamation: i.
In the case of amalgamation, the proposed sites shall have the same land use.
ii.
Ownership of the amalgamated plot could be in a single or multiple names/family members/ company. But, amalgamation shall not be considered if the plots are under lease agreement.
iii.
Development controls for the amalgamated plot shall be with reference to new dimensions.
B. Bifurcation: i.
In the case of all bifurcations, whether corner site or intermediate site, front setback for the resulting site abutting the road shall be the same as that of the original site and not that of the subdivided site.
ii.
A Plot/ Site which is a part of the Sub division plan/layout/scheme duly approved by the Authority may be further bifurcated with prior permission of Authority and the sub divided plot shall not be less than the prescribed size of the plot.
iii.
Bifurcated plot shall not be less than 54 sq m. Bifurcated plot shall have a minimum of 3.5 m access.
iv.
The bifurcated plot shall have a minimum of 4.5 m frontage. This condition shall not apply to family partition sites.
1.4.1 Norms for Approval of Sub-division of plot or Layout Plan 1.4.1A Approval of residential layout: a) Size of plot No building plot resulting from a sub-division after these regulations come into force is smaller in size than 54 sq m in residential zone. In specific cases of sites for housing P a g e | 243
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
schemes for economically weaker sections, low income groups, slum clearance and Ashraya housing, the authority may relax the above condition. b) Areas for open spaces and civic amenities The areas for open space and civic amenities and roads while sanctioning of layout for residential purpose shall be subject to the following conditions: i.
The area earmarked for residential sites shall be a maximum of 55% of the total extent.
ii.
Balance area shall be earmarked for roads, parks, and playgrounds and civic Amenities and the area under parks and playgrounds shall not be less than 10% of the total extent and the civic amenity area shall not be less than 5% of the total extent.
iii. Areas covered under Park Zones, Valleys, lake/nalla buffer etc may be shown as park in the layout plan. iv. If by incorporating major roads proposed in the Master Plan, the area under roads exceeds 45%, in such case the reservation under parks and civic amenities may be relaxed. v.
A maximum of 3% of the total area from out of the permissible residential area may be earmarked for commercial uses.
vi. The area reserved for parks and open spaces, civic amenities and roads shall be handed over to the Planning Authority free of cost through a registered relinquishment deed before taking up development of the layout. vii. Minimum width of road width shall not be less than 9.00 m. for plots upto 200 Sq M and for bigger plots the road width shall not be less than 12.00 m. viii. In case of EWS sites the minimum road width may be 7.5m ix. The land in question shall be converted for non-agricultural purpose. x.
The land shall be access from public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the zonal regulations of master plan.
P a g e | 244
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
xi. The necessary development charges shall be paid to the concerned UDA / Local Authority. This fee is in addition to recovery of fee under Section 18 of K.T.C.P Act and other fees/charges prescribed by the Government from time to time. xii. Whenever the total area proposed for formation of layout exceeds 10acres, then adequate extent of land may be earmarked for provision / installation of utilities like transformer, sewage treatment plant, overhead water tank, bus bay / shelter, etc. this area may be taken into calculation under either CA or Park as the case may be. Decision of the Authority in this regard shall be final. xiii. Landscaping on the streets/ sideways/ sidewalks for better green cover shall be insisted for roads with road width of 15 m and above at the time of approval for development (layouts/ Development Plan/ building plan). xiv. While developing a land, if for any reason, the road has to be stopped without continuation, and then cul-de-sac with turnaround area of 9 m radius of the end shall be provided. xv. Extension of time period for the development of approved layout. The developer / owner shall complete the development works of the approved layout within a period of 2 years from the date of approval of the layout or such extended period provided the total period does not exceed 5 years. If the layout is not developed within the period as stipulated above, the planning authority may seek the approval of the Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA stating that the owner has already started the developments and the remaining developmental works in the layout requires reasonable time to complete such works. In this regard the decision of Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA shall be final.
1.4.1B Approval of single plot for residential purpose
Any extent of land can be approved as single plot subject to the following conditions:
i.
The land in question is converted for residential purpose.
ii.
The land shall have access from the public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the Zonal Regulations of the Master Plan.
P a g e | 245
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
iii.
Zoning Regulations
The Authority shall collect the fee under Section 18 of the K.T.C.P. Act and development charges and any other fees and charges prescribed by the Government from time to time. In addition, fee for Rejuvenation of lake/tank as per section 18(A) of the K T C P Act, 1961 at the rate of Rs. 1,00,000/- per acre shall be levied and collected as per the Government circular No. Na A Ee 90 BMR 2010 dated
29-9-
2010.
iv.
In case owner of any land who has obtained approval for single plot desires to subdivide his plot at a later stage, he shall obtain approval by the Authority treating it as sub-division of land and the norms applies accordingly as prescribed in the Zoning Regulations.
v.
If any roads proposed in master plan shall be incorporated in the plan and shall be handed over to the authority free of cost.
vi.
The necessary development charges shall be paid to the concerned UDA / Local Authority. This fee is in addition to recovery of fee under Section 18 of K.T.C.P Act and other fees/charges prescribed by the Government from time to time.
1.4.1C Approval of Non-Residential layouts
A. If the non-residential layout for approval consists of only one single unit, approval shall be given subject to the following conditions: I.
The land in question shall be converted for non-agricultural purpose.
II.
Any extent of land can be approved as single plot.
III.
The land shall be access from public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the zonal regulations of master plan.
IV.
The minimum road width shall be 12m.
V.
A minimum 5% of the total extent of land shall be reserved for vehicle parking and this shall be in addition to the parking space prescribed in the Zoning Regulations as per the total floor area of the building.
VI.
A minimum 10% of the total extent shall be earmarked as park and open space.
P a g e | 246
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
VII.
Zoning Regulations
Areas covered under Parks Zones, Valleys, lake/nallah buffer etc. may be shown as park in the development plan.
VIII.
The area reserved for vehicle parking and open space shall be maintained by the landowner and this land shall not be used for any other purpose by the landowner.
IX.
The Planning Authority shall collect the fee under section 18 of K.T.C.P. Act and development charges applicable and any other fees and charges prescribed by the Government from time to time.
X.
In case owner of any land who obtained approval for single plot desires to sub-divide his plot at later stage, he shall obtain approval of Authority for sub division of plots as per prescribed norms.
XI.
Any roads proposed in master plan shall be incorporated in the plan and shall be handed over to the authority free of cost.
B. If the non-residential layout for approval consists of two or more number of plots, the following conditions shall apply: I.
The land in question shall be converted for non-agricultural purpose.
II.
The land shall be access from public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the zonal regulations of master plan.
III.
A minimum 5% of the total extent of land shall be reserved for vehicle parking and
this shall be in addition to the parking space prescribed in the Zoning
Regulations as per the total floor area of the building. IV.
A minimum 10% of the total extent of land shall be earmarked as park and open space.
V.
Minimum width of road shall not be less than 12.0m.
VI.
The area earmarked for parking, park and open space and roads shall be handed over to the local authority at free of cost for maintenance.
VII.
The Planning Authority shall collect the fee under Section 18 of K.T.C.P. Act and development charges and any other fees and charges prescribed by the Government from time to time. In addition, fee for rejuvenation of lake/tank as
P a g e | 247
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
per section 18 1A (v) of the KTCP Act 1961 at the rate of 1 00,000 per acre shall be levied. VIII.
Any roads proposed in master plan shall be incorporated in the plan and shall be handed over to the authority free of cost. FAR & Ground coverage for Non – Residential development Plan Road width (m)
Coverage
FAR
12m to 15 m
55%
2.00
Above 15.0 to 18.0
50%
2.25
Above 18
50%
2.50
1.4.1D Regulations for Redevelopment Schemes In case of Slum Redevelopment Scheme, taken up by the Karnataka Housing Board and Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, the following regulations given in the table – 15 below shall be applicable. TABLE-15 SI. No 1
Regulations for Slum Redevelopment Scheme Land Use Allocation For rehabilitation scheme, procedure as per Section 14 A of Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act may be dispensed with in agricultural zone of approved Master Plan after consultation with the Director of Town and Country Planning and for re-development within the conurbation area shall be as per the Zonal Regulation and Master Plan proposals.
2
FAR & Ground Coverage taken up in the same location. Extent in Ha
Up to 0.4 Above 0.4 up to 0.8 Above 0.8
Min. all-round
Coverage
FAR
Min. Road width
60%
3.0
6m for buildings < 15m height and 9m for > 15 m height
6m
60%
3.0
9m for buildings< 15m ht and 12 m for > 15 m ht
7.5 m
60%
3.0
12.0 m
9.0 m
set back
P a g e | 248
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
3
Zoning Regulations
FAR & Ground Coverage for a relocation scheme. Road width in m.
Coverage
FAR
Less than 12
60%
2.00
Above 12 and Up to 18
55%
2.25
Above 18 and up to 24
55%
2.50
Above 24 and up to 30
50%
3.00
Above 30
50%
3.25
Set backs
As per Table 2 or 3 of these Regulations
Minimum Open space and Civic Amenity area
4
Open space and Civic Amenity area shall be 15% of total sital area. Out of 15%, not less than 10% shall be reserved for park area and the rest reserved for Civic Amenity area. Such areas need not be handed over free of cost to the Authority Commercial 2% of the total area may be reserved for Commercial use subject to fulfillment of parking area. Set-backs As shown in item number 2 & 3
5
6
Distance between the blocks Up to 15 m height 6.0 m minimum & Above 15m height 9.Om minimum shall be
7
1.4.2 Standard of Roads a) Layouts Minimum Right of Way for streets proposed in layouts is as per Table 16. Table-16 Standard of Roads/streets in layouts Sl. No 1
Length and category of streets Residential
a) Up to 180 m
9.00 m
b) Above180 m Up to 500m
12.00 m
c) Above 500 m
18.00 m
d) Collector street (minor roads)
12.00 m
e) Major collector roads (feeder streets)
18.00 m
f) Arterial roads 2
Minimum right of way in m
18m, 24m and 30 m
Commercial a) Retail
12.00 m
b) Others
15.00 m P a g e | 249
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
3
Zoning Regulations
Industrial a) Up to 2.0 Hectare
12.00 m
b) Above 2.0 Hectare
15.00 m
b)
Single Plot Layouts One public through fare road shall be provided at the edges of the property as per the extent of land as shown in the Table – 17 below. Table-17 Standard of Roads/streets in layouts
Sl.
Single plot layout for
No
Extent of layout 1.00 to 2.00 ha
2.00 to 5.00 ha
Above 5.00 ha
1
Residential
9.00 m road
12.00 m road
18.00 m road
2
Commercial
12.00m road
18.00 m road
24.00 m road
3
Industrial and other uses
12.00m road
18.00 m road
24.00 m road
1.4.3
Standards for Civic Amenities, Parks & Play Grounds
Standards for Civic Amenities, Parks & Play Grounds regarding minimum area with respect to population per unit of different facilities are presented in Table 18 and 19 respectively. 1. Civic Amenities TABLE – 18
Standards for Civic Amenities Particulars
Population per unit
Area in ha.
a) Educational Facilities: i) Nursery School (age group 3 to 6
1,000
years) ii) Basic primary and Higher primary
3,500 to 4,500
school (age group 6 to 14 years) iii) Higher secondary school (age group
15,000
As per the Standards of Respective Departments
14 to 17 years) iv) College
50,000
b) Health Facilities: i) Dispensary
5,000
As per the Standards of
ii) Health Centre
20,000
Respective Departments
P a g e | 250
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
c) Other facilities: i) Post and Telegraph
10,000
ii) Police Station
10,000
As per the Standards of
iii) Religious Building
3,000
Respective Departments
iv) Filling Station
15,000
2. Parks, playground and open spaces The area standards and population benchmarks to be followed for providing parks, playground and open spaces are given in Table 19 below. TABLE – 19 Standards for Parks, playground and open spaces Sl. No.
Category
Population per unit
Area in hectares (min.)
1.
Tot-lot
500
0.05
2.
Children park
2,000
0.20
3.
Neighborhood play ground
1,000
0.20
4.
Neighborhood park
5,000
0.80
1.4.4 Building Line Building lines are prescribed for some important roads in Kanakapura town as presented in Table -20. Front setback is also prescribed separately for various types of buildings. The higher of the two shall be the minimum open space in order to have better street architecture and also to facilitate road widening proposal if any in future. TABLE –20 Proposed Building Line Sl. No.
Name of the Road
Proposed right of way (m)
Building line from the edge of ROW (m)
1
STRR
90.0
3.0
2
IRR
90.0
3.0
3 4
ITRR RR
90.0 60.0
3.0 3.0
P a g e | 251
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
NOTE: For National Highways, State highways, Major District roads, other district roads and village roads standards specified (road width, building lines etc.,) by the Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India are to be followed vide Govt. Notification No: UDD 251 BMR 2005, dated 22-12-2005 and other circulars of Government of Karnataka) For all existing roads of width more than 15m shall be provided minimum of 3m building line.
(Shashikumar L) Member Convenor & Member-secretary
(S. B. Honnur) Additional Director
(K. R. Srinivas I.A.S ) Metropolitan Commissioner
Kanakapura Planning Authority Kanakapura
Town and Country Planning BMRDA
BMRDA
P a g e | 252
ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE 1: Notification for Kanakapura LPA
i
ii
iii
ANNEXURE 2: Govt. order for approval of IMP & MP provisional and notification for public objections/suggestions on provisional master plan
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
xvi
xvii
xviii
ANNEXURE 3: Govt. order for constitution of committee to finalize the master plan 2031
xix
xx
xxi
ANNEXURE 4: Sathanur Township Declaration order
xxii
xxiii
xxiv
xxv
xxvi
xxvii
xxviii
xxix
xxx
ANNEXURE 5: Groundwater Development
General description of groundwater assessment unit in Kanakapura region and surroundings Sl.
Code
no.
of
No.
water- shed
1
Command
/
Type of rock
Averial
Remarks
non-command
formation
extent, Ha
4B3B5
NC
Gneiss
1,21,500
Kanakapura
2
4B3B6
NC
Gneiss
86,500
North
3
4B3B7
NC
Gneiss
52,000
North west side
4
4B3C1
NC
Gneiss
86,300
West side
5
4B3C2
NC
Gneiss
1,16,800
North west corner
Source: Report on dynamic groundwater resources of Karnataka, March 2004
Ground water resources potential in Kanakapura region and surroundings
Details
Code No. of water shed 4B3B5
4B3B6
4B3B7
4B3C1
4B3C2
3112
565
2021
0
1525
1474
3541
609
3369
2166
non-
1471
866
467
1177
1401
Recharge from other sources during non-
1083
683
969
531
1148
Total annual ground water recharge, Ham
7140
5655
4066
5076
6241
Natural discharge during non-monsoon
357
283
203
254
312
6783
5372
3862
4823
5929
Recharge from rain fall during monsoon season, Ham Recharge from other sources during monsoon season, Ham Recharge
from
rainfall
during
monsoon season, Ham
monsoon season, Ham
season, Ham Net ground water availability, Ham
Source: Report on dynamic groundwater resources of Karnataka, March 2004
xxxi
ANNEXURE 6: Stage of Ground Water Development of Watershed Zones in Kanakapura Taluk and Bangalore South Taluk Parameter
4B3B5
4B3B6
4B3B7
4B3C1
Kanakapura
Bangalore South
1. Total Annual Ground water
9383.61
6543.16
Recharge 2.
Net
annual
ground
water
6783
5371
3862.44
4822
8914.43
6216
12165
7647
6589.26
3612
14469.58
11262.10
723
509
208.13
443
890.79
594.52
12888
8156
6797.39
4055
15360.37
11856.63
1005
708
289.30
625
1240.30
834.08
0
0
0
584
116.88
0
190
151
175.99
84
of water levels
Yes
No
No
Yes
pre-monsoon
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
OE
OE
OE
Critical
9%Critical
OE
availability, Ham 3. Existing gross ground water draft for irrigation, Ham 4. Existing gross ground water draft for domestic and industrial water supply, Ham 5. Existing gross ground water draft for all uses, Ham 6.
Allocation
for
domestic
&
industrial use for the next 25 years, Ham 7. Net ground water availability for future irrigation development, Ham 8. Existing stage of groundwater development, % 9. Is there any significant decline
post-monsoon 10. Category
91%OE 11.
Average
crop
water
0.62
0.42
0.82
0.82
0.82
-
0
0
0
715
142.91
0
requirement, m 12. Balance ground water irrigation potential available, Ha Source: Report on dynamic ground water resources of Karnataka as on March-2004
OE – Over exploited Only 34 MLD is available for entire taluk
xxxii
ANNEXURE 7: Status of Groundwater Utilization Lower Cauvery Catchment (4b3)
xxxiii
ANNEXURE 8: Status of Groundwater Utilization Bangalore Rural District
xxxiv
ANNEXURE 9: Road Cross Sections (As per IRC-86-1983)
Fig 1- Arterial Road Cross- Section (RoW- 50-60m)
Fig 2- Sub- Arterial Road Cross- Section (RoW- 30-40m)
Fig 3- Collector road cross section – 4 lane divided (RoW- 20-30m)
xxxv
Fig 4- Collector road cross section - 2 lane divided (RoW- 10-20m)
Figs 5- Local Street cross section with side walk (RoW: 10-12m)
xxxvi
Kanakapura Planning Authority Municipal Khata .No.297/271, Ranganatha Swamy Devasthana Road, Kanakapura-562117, Ramanagara District Email: [email protected] Phone NO -27526208 Web: www.kanakapura-pa.in
Master Plan 2031 Kanakapura Local Planning Area
Final Master Plan Report and Zoning Regulations
Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority No 1, Ali Askar Road, Bangalore-560052
CONTENTS Topic
Pg No
List of Figures List of Tables List of Maps PREFACE
A
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
G
Salient Features of Kanakapura LPA PART 1 1. INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 BACKGROUND
1
1.2 REGIONAL SETTING
2
1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
3
1.4 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
10
1.5 INTRODUCTION TO LPA
16
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
20
2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND ECONOMIC BASE
21
2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTER
21
2.2 ECONOMIC BASE
31
2.3 HERITAGE AND TOURISM
51
3. HOUSING AND URBAN POOR
58
3.1 HOUSING
58
3.2 HOUSING SHORTAGE / DEMAND
67
3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS
67
4. EXISTING LANDUSE AND TRANSPORTATION
70
4.1 EXISTING LAND UTILISATION
70
4.2 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
77
5. INFRASTRUCTURE
89
5.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
89
5.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
107
6. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
117
6.1 POLLUTION: GENERATION AND CONSEQUENCES
117
6.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
117
6.3 DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES
118
7. PROBLEMS
119
8. VISUALISING THE FUTURE
121
8.1 INTERIM MASTER PLAN PROJECTIONS- 2021
121
8.2 POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN KANAKAPURA LPA
122
8.3 FACTORS AIDING POPULATION GROWTH
124
8.4. POPULATION PROJECTION
125
8.5 AREA REQUIREMENT
130
8.6 POPULATION DENSITY 2031
131
8.7 HOUSING REQUIREMENT
132
8.8 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
133
8.9 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
134
8.10 PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
137
8.11 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS
137
8.12 VISION 2031
137
9. MASTER PLAN PROPOSALS
138
9.1 COMPONENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN
138
9.2 MASTER PLAN OBJECTIVES
139
9.3 DENSITY
139
9.4 STRATEGY FOR OBTAINING LAND FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES
140
9.5 BASIC CONSIDERATION FOR PROPOSAL
140
9.6 PROPOSALS
141
9.6.1 PROPOSED LANDUSE PLAN 2031
141
9.6.2 PROPOSED TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 2031
146
9.6.3 ROAD WIDENING AND BUILDING LINES
150
9.6.4 REVISED STRUCTURE PLAN 2031 POLICIES AND PROPOSALS
151
9.6.5
159
SECTORAL PROPOSALS
9A. PROPOSED LAND USE ANALYSIS PROVISIONAL TO FINAL APPROVAL
FROM
MP
10. ENFORCEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION
176
182
10.1 ACTIONS
182
10.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
184
10.3 FISCAL PLAN FOR 2031
185 PART II
1. ZONING REGULATIONS 1.1 INTRODUCTION
186 186
1.1. 1 Establishment of Zones and Zonal Maps
187
1.1.2
187
Zonal boundaries and interpretations of Zonal Regulations.
1.1.3 Definitions 1.2 ZONING OF LAND USE 1.2.1 RESIDENTIAL ZONE
188 199 200
1.2.2 COMMERCIAL ZONE
201
1.2.3 INDUSTRIAL ZONE
202
1.2.4 PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC USES
209
1.2.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES
210
1.2.6 PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS AND OPEN SPACES
211
1.2.7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
211
1.2.8 AGRICULTURAL ZONE
213
1.2.9 AREAS OF SPECIAL CONTROL
214
1.3 ZONING REGULATIONS: REGULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT USES OF BUILDINGS
217
1.3.1 Regulations for Group Housing Project
218
1.3.2 Regulations for Semidetached Houses
220
1.3.3 Row housing
221
1.3.4 Flatted factories
222
1.3.5 Industrial buildings
222
1.3.6 Regulations for IT and BT related Activities
223
1.3.7 Parking Regulations
224
1.3.8 Corridor
227
1.3.9 Restrictions of Building Activity in Vicinity of Certain Areas
227
1.3.10 Distance of Building from Electrical Lines
228
1.3.11 Solar Water Heater Requirements
229
1.3.12 Rain Water Harvesting
229
1.3.13 Facilities for Physically Handicapped Persons
231
1.3.14 Security Deposit
233
1.3.15 General Rules
234
1.4. SUB-DIVISION REGULATIONS
242
1.4.1 Norms for Approval of Sub-division of plot or Layout Plan
243
1.4.2 Standard of Roads
249
1.4.3 Standards for Civic Amenities, Parks & Play Grounds
250
1.4.4 Building Line
251
ANNEXURES
i
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No
Title
Pg No
1.1
Kanakapura LPA in the context of BMR
2
1.2
Annual Direction of the Wind 1980-1997
6
1.3
Average annual rainfall 2000 - 2010
7
1.4
Monthly mean and mean maximum temperature in the LPA
8
1.5
Monthly mean relative humidity in Kanakapura LPA
9
2.1
Population in Kanakapura Town
23
2.2
Population in Kanakapura LPA
24
2.3
Population growth rate in Kanakapura LPA
25
2.4
Comparison of population growth
25
2.5
Population density in Kanakapura LPA
26
2.6
Urban rural population distribution in the LPA
27
2.7
Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk
29
2.8
Workforce distribution in the Kanakapura LPA
32
2.9
Gender wise distribution of workers
32
2.10
Gender wise distribution of workers in each category
33
2.11
Distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC
33
2.12
Gender wise distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC
34
2.13
Gender wise distribution of workforce in each category
34
2.14
Workforce distribution in rural areas of Kanakapura LPA
35
2.15
Workforce distribution in Economic Activities in Kanakapura Taluk
35
2.16
Gender wise Workforce distribution Kanakapura Taluk
36
2.17
Worker distribution in Economic Activities: Kanakapura TMC
36
2.18
Land utilization in Kanakapura Taluk
37
2.19
Agricultural Land holdings in Kanakapura Taluk
37
2.20
Distribution of small scale industries in Kanakapura LPA
42
2.21
Completed works under MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk
47
2.22
Works in progress MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk
47
2.23
Financial Institutions in the LPA
48
3.1
Distribution of Household size in Ramanagara district
59
3.2
Distribution of households by habitable room
60
3.3
Distribution of households by flooring material
60
3.4
Distribution of households by wall material
61
3.5
Distribution of households by roofing material
61
3.6
Distribution of households by availability of facilities
62
4.1
Land ownership in the LPA
76
4.2
Vehicles in Kanakapura Taluk
86
5.1
Distribution of households by availability of drinking water source
90
5.2
Distribution of households by location of drinking water source
90
5.3
Domestic Water Supply Gap in Kanakapura LPA
92
5.4
Availability of sanitation facilities in Ramanagara district
98
5.5
Availability of toilet and bathroom facility in Kanakapura Taluk
99
5.6
Electricity consumption in Kanakapura Taluk (in lakh units)
106
5.7
Management wise distribution of schools
108
5.8
Infrastructure facilities in schools in Ramanagara district
108
5.9
Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk
109
5.10
Literacy rate in Ramanagara district
110
5.11
Comparison of Literacy rate in Ramanagara and Bangalore district
110
5.12
Enrolment rate in primary and secondary classes in Bangalore rural district
111
5.13
Distribution of school children in age group 6-14
111
5.14
No of hosital bed per 1000 population
114
6.1
Disaster management continuum
118
8.1
Population growth in the LPA till 2011
122
8.2
Population growth in Kanakpura TMC
123
8.3
Projected urban population in Kanakpura LPA
130
8.4
Water Supply gap in Kanakapura LPA
133
LIST OF TABLES Table No
Title
Pg No
1.1
Physiography and soil types
5
1.2
Mean temperature and wind speed in the LPA
8
1.3
List of villages and population in the Kanakapura LPA
17
1.4
TMC data in the LPA
20
2.1
Population Statistics In Karnataka
22
2.2
Comparitive table of Sex Ratio
28
2.3
Comparative list of 0-6 years population
28
2.4
HDI composition
30
2.5
Principal crops in Kanakapura Taluk
38
2.6
Production of major crops in Kanakapura Taluk
38
2.7
Sericulture statistics of Kanakapura Taluk
39
2.8
Sericulture programs in Kanakapura Taluk
39
2.9
Mulberry and Sericulture Infrastructure in Kanakapura Taluk
40
2.10
Artisan Base in the LPA
42
2.11
Commercial activities in Kanakapura Town
44
2.12
Details of PMRY Scheme
45
2.13
No of people benefitted by Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna
46
2.14
No of people benefitted by MGNREGS
46
2.15
List of tourism spots in Harohalli
51
2.16
List of tourism spots in Sathanur
53
2.17
List of tourism spots in Kasaba
54
2.18
List of tourism spots in Uttarahalli
56
3.1
Existing area under residential land use in major settlements in the Kanakapura LPA
59
3.2
Organizational setup in the housing sector
63
3.3
Housing sites allotted under Ashraya Scheme in 2010-11
64
3.4
Houses constructed under Ashraya Scheme in 2010-11
64
3.5
Houses constructed under IAY in 2010-2011
65
3.6
Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010-2011
65
3.7
Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010-2011
66
3.8
Features of IHSDP
66
3.9
houses Constructed under IHSDP
66
3.10
Declared slums in Kanakapura TMC
68
4.1
Existing land utilization in the LPA, 2012
70
4.1 A
Existing land use in the LPA, 2012
70
4.2
Existing Land use distribution in Kanakapura Town
71
4.3
Existing Land use distribution in Harohalli
73
4.4
Existing Land use pattern Sathanur
74
4.5
Existing Land use distribution in Kaggalipura
75
4.6
Road category in Kanakapura Taluk
80
4.7
Road inventory, Kaggalipura town
80
4.8
Road inventory, Harohalli town
81
4.9
Road inventory, Kanakapura town
82
4.10
Road inventory, Sathanur town
83
4.11
Vehicle distribution in Kanakapura Taluk
85
5.1
Water supply source for Kanakapura TMC
91
5.2
Water Supply standards CPHEEO
91
5.3
Present Domestic water requirement in Kanakapura LPA
92
5.4
Details of existing storage reservoirs
93
5.5
Municipal water supply source in Kanakapura Town
94
5.6
Sewage generation in the LPA, 2011
98
5.7
Solid Waste generation in the LPA
103
5.8
Municipal Solid waste management data
103
5.9
Tools and Equipment procurement under SWM Action Plan
104
5.10
Distribution of Educational facilities in Kanakapura Taluk
107
5.11
Health care facilities in Kanakapura Taluk
113
5.12
List of healthcare programs in Kanakapura Taluk
116
8.1
IMP land use analysis- Kaggalipura and Harohalli-2021
121
8.2
IMP land use analysis- Kanakpura and Sathanur- 2021
121
8.3
Population growth rate in Kanakpura LPA
122
8.4
Population growth rate in Kanakpura TMC
123
8.5
Natural growth of population calculated through various statistical methods
125
8.6
Population projection of the villages of LPA
125
8.7
Projected population in Kanakpura LPA 2031
129
8.8
Distribution of population in the four growth nodes
129
8.9
Population in Kanakapura LPA 2021, 2031
130
8.10
Conurbation area statistics- 2031
131
8.11
Distribution of population and area in the four growth nodes
131
8.12
Residential Area requirement for the LPA
132
8.13
Residential Area requirement for the LPA for the Conurbations
132
8.14
Landfill Area Requirement in the LPA
133
8.15
Educational facility Requirement in the LPA
134
8.16
Medical facility Requirement in the LPA
135
9.1
Density in the Growth Nodes of Kanakapura LPA
139
9.2
Kanakapura proposed landuse statistics-2031
141
9.3
Harohalli Proposed land use statistics-2031
142
9.4
Kaggalipura proposed landuse statistics
143
9.5
Sathanur proposed landuse statistics
144
Conurbation area statistics-2031 Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (Four Conurbations) Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (including the four conurbations and developed area between Kaggalipura – Harohalli)
144
Landuse statistics of the agricultural zone
146
9.7
Road Inventory of Kanakapura LPA.
149
9.8
Road Inventory of BMR proposed roads
150
9.9
Inventory of Roads proposed to be widened in the Master plan 2031
150
9.10
Building Line proposed for major roads
150
9.11
Structure Plan proposals – land Utilization and Environment
151
9.12
Structure Plan proposals – Economy
153
9.13
Structure Plan proposals – Transport
154
9.14
Structure Plan proposals – Housing
155
9.15
Structure Plan proposals – Water Supply
156
9.16
Structure Plan proposals – Sanitation
156
9.17
Structure Plan proposals – Power
157
9.18
Structure Plan proposals – telecom
158
9.19
Structure Plan proposals – Soild Waste Management
158
9.20
Structure Plan proposals – Education
158
9.21
Structure Plan proposals – health
159
10.1
Financial Proposal
185
9.6A 9.6B 9.6C 9.6D
145 145
LIST OF MAPS Sl.No
Title
Map No.
Drawing 1
Location
1
2
Administrative boundary
2
Study Maps 3
Regional Setting
3
4
Climatological Studies
4
5
Forest, Drainage & Water bodies
5
6
Ground Water Potentional
6
7
Soil Classification
7
8
Demographic Studies
8
9
Civic Amenities And Facilities - local Plannig Area
9
10
Civic Amenities And Facilities - Settlement Wise
10
11
Problem Map
11
Existing Land Use 12
Existing Land Utilisation - local Planning Area
12
13
Kaggalipura Existing Land Use
13
14
Harohalli Existing Land Use
14
15
Kanakapura Town Existing Land Use
15
16
Sathanur Existing Land Use
16
Existing Landuse Maps 1 to 26 Grids
17 to 42
17
Proposed Land Use Maps
18
Proposed Land Utilisation - local Planning Area
43
19
Kaggalipura Proposed Land Use
44
20
Harohalli Proposed Land Use
45
21
Kanakapura Proposed Land Use
46
22
Sathanur Proposed Land Use
47
23
Proposed Landuse Maps 1 to 26 Grids
48 to 73
Circulation Pattern Maps 24
Kaggalipura Circulation Pattern
74
25
Harohalli Circulation Pattern
75
26
Harohalli Circulation Pattern (PartA)
75 A
27
Harohalli Circulation Pattern (Part B)
75 B
28
Kanakapura Circulation Pattern
29
Kanakapura Circulation Pattern (Part A)
76 A
30
Kanakapura Circulation Pattern (Part B)
76 B
31
Sathanur Circulation Pattern
76
77
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
PREFACE Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority prepared the Structure Plan (SP) for Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMR) with an inductive approach with the prime objective of decentralising growth away from Bangalore to harness and constrain its increasing primacy in the region, lessen the regional disparities and in the process relieve the developmental pressure within the conurbation. The strategic issues considered to be key determinants to future growth patterns were studies and summed up as follows: How effectively the strategic intervention combinations would compliment the achievement of the induced population growth targets and developmental interventions of the preferred growth strategy. How effectively they would counter anomalies and negative development trends identified in the BMR. The structure plan was intended to provide a generic model for formulation of such plans for other regions in Karnataka besides providing a strategic policy framework for planning & development control locally to ensure that provision of development is realistic and complements with national state & regional policy guidance and securing consistency between local plans for contiguous or neighbouring areas. Structure Plan has proposed five Area Planning Zones and Interstitial zones in the entire Bangalore Metropolitan Region. For the purpose of planning and development of important and potential zones, Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 has been extended to various Area Planning Zones and Planning Authorities have been constituted for controlling and regulating the developments in these Local Planning Areas. With the increase of Bangalore’s population and spatial spread in the last 2 decades owing to its increasing global recognition as a preferred IT destination.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
With increasing outgrowth of Bangalore and the proposed population influx into the Kanakapura Local Planning Area, BMRDA has rightly taken the preparation of Interim Master Plan to dovetail the regional policies of development the local requirements of the ever-increasing population and as a result guide & regulate urban growth for a planned & compatiable physical development of the region. The preparation of Interim Master Plan started during 2006 and the govt. have approved the five IMP’s provisionally in 2007 and finally approved them during 2009. A Master Plan (MP) is defined as “A plan for the development and re-development of the area within the jurisdiction of the planning authority”. The Master Plan has to be prepared not later than 2 years from the declaration of the LPA as per Sec 9 of The KT & CP Act. According to the Act the contents of a Master Plan are defined as follows. Zoning of land use Street pattern i.e. Circulation pattern Area reservation for Parks/Playgrounds/Open Spaces Area reservation for future developments Reservation of land for the purposes of Central Govt., State Govt etc. Declaring and framing regulations for areas of special control Phasing of development BMRDA prepared scientific base maps for the Local Planning Area by acquiring Quick Bird data based on 2009 data as there were no proper base maps. The Planning Authorities incorporated all approved lay outs and were finalised during 2012. Government constituted a committee vides its G.O. dated 28-11-2012 under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Commissioner to finalise the Master Plans for five Local Planning Areas and along with some guidelines. The following were the members of the committee.
Page |B
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
1. Metropolitan Commissioner
Chairman
2. Commissioner, DULT, Govt. of Karnataka
Member
3. Director of Town Planning,
Member
4. Additional Director of Town Planning, BMRDA
Member
5. Joint Secretary / Dy. Secretary, UD
Member
6. Shri Sitaram, Cistup, IISc., Bangalore
Member
7. Member-Secretaries of concerned P.A.
Member
Meanwhile there was a petition in High court of Karnataka for delayed preparation of Master Plans for BMRDA submitted an affidavit saying that the plans would be finalised by June 2012 and subsequently another affidavit that it would be finalised on 31-1-2013. But, we could not finalise the plans within date and immediately the committee met on 24-1-2013 and reviewed the progress made in the preparation of Master Plans. During the discussion it was also observed that notification under section 10/1 of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 was not declared so far and it would be further delayed if we notify it now (2 months) and therefore, it was decided that If BMRDA is to prepare the Master Plans, then the notification under section 10/1 is not required. However, it was opined that in one case law the govt. has to delegate/empower the preparation of Master Plans under section 9/2 of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. Accordingly, BMRDA requested the govt. and govt. have empowered the preparation of Master Plans for five Local Planning Areas to BMRDA under section 9/2 Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 on 4-3-2013. The committee formulated broad guidelines’ for the preparation of Master Plans and directed the Authorities to work out the proposals based on: 1. Existing developments 2. Approved IMP 3. Change of land uses approved by the govt. and P.A. under section 14-A (3)
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Preface
4. Major road alignment (STRR/IRR/ITRR) was incorporated as per the Karnataka Gazette notification dated: 13-09-2007. 5. Concept of zoning and scientific allocation of land uses. 6. All the directions of government. 7. Identification of water bodies and natural drains and their protection 8. Structure Plan directives Based on the above guidelines BMRDA with full support of all Planning Authorities, Cistup (IISc) and DULT finalised the Master Plan and it was unanimously approved in the committee constituted under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Commissioner for the finalisation of Master Plans. Now, BMRDA is submitting the Master Plan for Kanakapura Local Planning Area with plans & reports for provisional approval as required under section 13 (1) of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. Govt. has approved the Draft master Plan vide no UDD153BMR2013 Bangalore, dated 16.09.2013. Public objections and suggestion has been called as per section 13(1) KTCP Act for a period of 60 days from 9.10.2013 to 7.12.2013. The Authority has received 373 objections/ suggestions from the public institutions and Govt. agencies. Govt. has constituted an official scrutiny committee headed by the Commissioner BMRDA vide no UDD 27 BMR 2014 Bangalore dated 5.3.2014. The details of the committee are as below.
1
Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA
Chairman
2
Additional Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA
Member
3
Director, Department of Town and Country Planning
Member
4
Deputy Secretary/Joint Secretary/Additional Secretary, Urban Development Department
Member
Page |D
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
5
Preface
Additional Director of Town and Country Planning, Urban
Member
Planning Department
6
Representative of Karnataka Housing Board
Member
7
Representative of Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board
Member
8
Deputy Secretary to Government, Law, Legal and Human Rights
Member
Department
9
Joint Director of Town and Country Planning, BMRDA
10
Member Secretary, Kanakapura Planning Authority
Member Member Convinor
The committee has held 4 meetings to hear the objections and suggestions after considering suitable suggestions and recommendations some modifications have been proposed. Based on the committee decision necessary changes have been incorporated in the Master Plan 2031. And master plan has prepared for Kanakapura LPA, maps and report for final approval as required under section 13(1) of the KTCP Act, 1961. We take this opportunity to thanks to Sri. D.K. Shivakumar Honorable minister for energy Government of Karnataka and Sri. D.K. Suresh Honorable member of Parliament and Sri. M.D. Vijaydev chairmen, members of Kanakapura Planning Authority who have given there valuable suggestions for preparation final master plan and staff of planning authority. We take this opportunity to thank each member of the committee, stakeholders and everyone who have diligently assisted, reviewed and supported in the completion of Kanakapura Master Plan 2031.
(Shashikumar L) Member Convenor & Member-secretary Kanakapura Planning Authority Kanakapura
(S. B. Honnur) Additional Director Town and Country Planning BMRDA
(K. R. Srinivas I.A.S ) Metropolitan Commissioner BMRDA
Page |E
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Executive Summary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kanakapura Local Planning Area was declared by the BMRDA in 2006. It is located in the southwest part of the Bangalore Metropolitan Region (BMR). The total extent of the LPA is 412.78 sqkm and consists of 86 settlements consisting of 85 villages and Kanakapura TMC. The LPA is well connected by the NH-206, connecting Bangalore with Mysore via Kanakapura LPA. The Interim Master Plan of the LPA was commissioned in 2007. It was provisionally approved in April 2007 and finally approved by the BMRDA in May 2009. The process of Master Plan preparation started with the preparation of the Basemap and Existing Landuse Map which were prepared by Pixel using 0.6 m resolution Quickbird satellite Image. The maps were scrutinised by the KSRAC and submitted to the BMRDA in 2012. The Master Plan of Kanakapura was prepared with to promote the LPA’s role as a counter magnet to Bangalore. The Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor passes in close proximity to the LPA on the north-east which increases its development potential. There are four important growth nodes in the LPA – Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura and Sathanur. Likewise all Master plan Proposals have made as per the four conurbations – Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura and Sathanur. Kaggalipura is located along the NH 206 and is closest to Bangalore. There is rapid urbanization in the area with the construction of residential apartments. International schools and spiritual institutions have come up in the area. Harohalli is characterized by the KIADB industrial estate which has few industries at present. Kanakapura is the Taluk headquarter of the Kanakapura Taluk and is also a Town Municipal Council as per Census. The area is mainly residential with few institutional buildings to cater to the civic needs. Sathanur is the southern-most settlement in the LPA. It consists of residential areas as few commercial and institutional setups. A township of 65 sqkm has been proposed at Sathanur by the BMRDA – to form a hub of agro processing industries with work-homeplay concept. The township would further increase the development potential of the LPA.
Page |G
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Executive Summary
The river Arkavathi flows through the LPA and is the only perennial source of water. Depletion of ground water is a major concern of development.
The Master Plan 2031 has been prepared to uphold the potential of the areas. There have been some changes in landuse in the LPA under KTCP Act. All changes and approved layouts have been retained in the Master Plan proposal. Guidelines and standards have been followed and additional landuse has been assigned scientifically.
The concept of ‘phasing of development’ has been introduced as required under section 12 (g) of Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1861 to bring about gradual and compact development in the Local Planning Area. The primary objective of act is to guide and regulate the developments within the Local Planning Area in a phased manner so as to facilitate planning for the provision of infrastructure services like water supply, sanitation, drainage, transport and social infrastructure.
Page |H
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Salient Features of Kanakapura
SALIENT FEATURES OF KANAKAPURA LPA 1
Total Area of LPA
412.78 sqkm
2
LPA notification date
3
Total no of villages in LPA
4
Total no of urban areas in LPA
1
5
Total no of settlements in LPA
86
6
District
7
Urban areas in the LPA
8
Major growth nodes
9
Initiation of IMP preparation
June 2006
10
Date of IMP provisional approval
April 2007
11
Date of IMP final approval
May 2009
12
Total existing developed area, 2012
13
Existing population 2011
14
Existing gross density
15
Total urbanisable area proposed in IMP 2021
16
Projected population as per IMP 2021
8 lakhs
17
Proposed density as per IMP
80 pph
18
Total urbanisable area proposed in MP 2031
19
Projected urban population as per MP 2031
6 lakhs
20
Proposed urban density as per MP 2031
53 pph
2006 85
Ramanagara Kanakapura TMC Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura & Sathanur
25.65 sqkm 1.80 lakhs 70 pph 101.66 sqkm
112.33 sqkm
PART I MASTER PLAN REPORT
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Karnataka is one of the fastest growing states in India. It is the 9 th largest state in India in terms of population with a decadal growth rate of 15.67%1. 38.57% of the state is urbanised with a growth rate of 31.27%. The BMR has an area of 8005 sq km and a population of 10.57 lakhs as per census 2011. The decadal population growth rate in the BMR is 25.68%. Needless to say, this fast growth calls for a strategic planning to sustain the additional pressure on services and maintain the quality of life. The BMR at present faces the challenges of a rapidly urbanising region on the verge of becoming an international metropolis. While the strategic location, economic potential and an efficient workforce of the area provides impetus to the process of globalization, lack of perennial water availability, rising pressure on infrastructure in core are inevitable constraints in the process of the same. Hence a policy of decentralisation advocates spatial distribution of population from the core to the outer less congested areas. Planning in India, traditionally had been largely socio-economic, restricted to a few urban centres. The three tier planning system was often overridden by state agenda. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, implemented in the year 1992, provide a spatial framework for integration between all levels of planning. Known as the decentralisation agenda, the aim was to facilitate a gradual shift in power to the grass root levels. As a part of the functional devolution, the local bodies (LB) are now expected to perform urban planning including town planning, regulation of land use and construction of buildings, planning for economic and social development, planning for the poor in the society, slum improvement and up gradation and urban poverty alleviation. The Master Plan for Kanakapura Local Planning Area has been prepared in the context of the BMR to redefine its role for the future within the overall framework of Structure Plan 2031.
1
Census 2011
Page |1
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
1.2 REGIONAL SETTING The BMR is disaggregated into six local planning areas and the Bangalore Metropolitan area which more or less coincides with the limits of the BBMP. In order to provide sectoral and spatial synergy a Structure Plan had been formulated for the BMR which is more or less a regional perspective plan. The Structural Plan provides a framework for the master plan of the Kanakapura LPA.
The Structure Plan (SP) 2011 had an inductive approach to planning since it was governed by the decentralisation policy in the BMR. Hence, the SP 2011 proposed a targeted induced population distribution of over 7.4 lakhs in the south Karnataka Region, of which 4.9 lakhs were to be accommodated in the BMR. The Interim Master Plan (IMP) prepared for the Kanakapura LPA for the plan period 2021 envisaged a population of 11.22 lakhs in the LPA by the year 2021 also prepared by an inductive approach.
The vision and the growth directions stated in the SP 2011 had not been able to live up to the pace of growth in the BMR. Hence a Revised Structure Plan (RSP) has been prepared for the region for the year 2031, to provide strategic policy framework for planning, ensure sectoral development and coordination and securing consistency between the various local plans.
The Kanakapura LPA (K-LPA) Master Plan 2031 articulates a multi-year vision and plan for the LPA‟s growth and development, driven by institutions that reflect the citizen‟s values. The master plan provides contours of a shared vision and identification of key issues facing the LPA in the short, medium and long term.
It
identifies
the
development
patterns,
KANAKAPURA
infrastructure gaps and deficiencies, project and reform priorities in the LPA in tandem with the sectoral visions of the draft Revised Structure Plan 2031.
Fig 1.1: Kanakapura LPA in the context of BMR
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
LAND
Land being a limited and fixed resource, there is competing demand on agriculture and allied activities, non-agriculture sectors like industries, communication systems, buildings, and power projects, new townships, mining and so on.
Demand for land from both agriculture and non-agricultural sectors are exerting a great pressure on land resources. The demand for firewood, timber and fodder for livestock has resulted in excessive pressure on forest and pasture lands which has progressively affected the grass and tree cover resulting in accelerated forest and greenery (pasture) degradation leading to ecological imbalance and environmental problems.
Pasture lands have to be provided to facilitate grazing of animals and also fodder augmentation in community/government lands. In the LPA the pasture land appears to be significant contributor to live stock. In the LPA special efforts have to be made to develop pasture lands to encourage animal husbandry.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
The elevation falls from 833 m to 620 m from north of the LPA to the south up to Arkavathy valley and increases in elevation generally towards the south-west. Terrain shows undulating topography with varying elevation between 833 meters to 620 meters above MSL. The lowest elevation being 620 m is found around Kanakapura town in the valley portion. The slopes vary from 20-150 metres/kilometre.
The Kanakapura LPA lies in the Cauvery basin. The main tributary of Cauvery, river Arkavathy, flows in the LPA. LPA is covered by the sub basin of Arkavathy and drains southwards. The drainage density and stream frequency are moderate to high (hilly zone, in northern, eastern and western part) and medium to low in central part. Drainage map shows the drainage network is integrated with surface water body within the LPA. The drainage pattern is dendratic and parallel. It encourages for infiltration than runoff, as the stream frequency and density are medium to low and have good constant channel maintenance. These drainages are controlled by structures and lithology. Page |3
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Kanakapura LPA lies predominantly in Pedi plain geomorphic unit. Small patches of Structural and Denudational hills are also traced in north eastern and southern part. The figure shows geomorphic pattern within the LPA. This map clearly indicates that, infiltration zones are larger in area than runoff and are suitable for ground water recharge. The potentiality will also be moderate to good.
Apart from the structural valleys, supported by the surface water bodies as showing better prospects for ground water developments.Ground water potential clearly shows that the ground water prospects in the valley portion is good and in majority area of the LPA, it is moderate. This can be converted as good potential zone by adopting artificial recharge techniques.
GEOLOGY AND SOILS
The area is underlain with grey and pink granites and granite gneisses and intruded by dolomatic pegmatite and quartz veins. The map shows the general lithological units in and around Kanakapura LPA. The inclusions of dolorate and amphibolite dykes are also traced. The general trend of the peninsular genesis is North West – South East to North East – South West. These show a steep dip of about 70 to 80 degrees due South East. According to the Earthquake Map of Karnataka, the LPA belongs to very low damage risk zone and is in stable belt.
Major portion of the LPA consists of red loamy sandy soils, which is moderately porous and medium permeability. The patches of loamy, loamy clayey, sandy type of soils are noticed within the LPA. The clayey and loamy types of soils are more in area extent in southern part than in the rest of the LPA. Uplands show these types of soils. The map shows the soil types in and around the LPA.
The soils are favourable zones for ground water recharge. As permeability and porosity for the soils are medium, the infiltration rates will be medium to high. Since, the characteristics are almost uniform across the LPA; it is advisable to avoid the water polluting industries in the entire LPA to avoid contamination of water. There is a need for striking a balance between the competing claims of different sectors. It is imperative to think of a systematic and scientific long range plan to harness the land resources not only for satisfying the competing demands from various sectors, but also for ensuring sustainability of the systems.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
The soils belong to the Alifisols order. Red soils are predominant. These soils have developed on gneisses and granites and up to little extent on metamorphic rocks. These soils occur on hills, ridges, rolling to undulating and gently sloping lands of LPA.
Table 1.1: Physiography and soil types Physiography
Soils
Rolling lands
Deep, red gravelly clay soils
Undulating lands
Moderately deep, red clay soils Moderately deep, red gravelly clay soils
Gently sloping lands
Deep, red clay soils
Valleys
Very deep, clayey alluvial soils with saline-sodic in patches
These are moderately eroded and severely eroded lands, which need appropriate soil, and water conservation measures for both agricultural and non-agricultural areas for preventing further degradation of soils.
CLIMATE
The climate in the region is hot, moist, semi-arid Ecological Sub Region with length of growing period of 150-180 days.2 The Kanakapura Local Planning Area belongs to the Eastern Dry Agro-Climatic Zone. The LPA experiences pleasant weather almost all throughout the year. March, April and May are the predominant summer months while December and January constitute winter.
The nearest IMD station giving the rainfall, humidity, temperature and wind is at Bangalore. Hence, the data was collected from the IMD station from 1998 to 2008 for the mentioned parameters to understand the climate in the area.
2
Agro-ecological sub regions of India. Bull. No. 35.NBSS&LUP, Nagpur 1993.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
WIND DIRECTIONS
It is seen from the wind roses collected from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) at Bangalore that the wind direction is mostly east to west. In the morning i.e., 0830 hrs, the wind is towards west during May to September and east during November to February. Whereas, in the evening i.e., 17:30hrs, the wind blows towards west during June to September and east in November to March. Hence, it can be taken that the wind generally blows towards west. The strongest winds (>19 kmph) are observed in the months from June to August. N 2.1% 8.6%
8.0%
W
KLPA
28.0%
14.0%
26.9%
E
10.6% 1.6% S
Figure1.2: Annual Direction of the Wind 1980-1997 Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in It is also observed from figure 2.1 that the annual analysis of the wind direction indicates west and east winds. The percentage wind from the north, however, slightly outweighs the one blowing from south.
It is seen from the IMD data from 1951-80, that the mean wind speeds are greatest in the months of June and July .According to the Wind Map of Karnataka, the LPA belongs to Low Damage Risk Zone. Hence, the structure design of infrastructure in the LPA with respect to wind, loading may be taken into consideration while planning and constructing high rise structures only. Further, the location of
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
industry, generally, should be located in a direction where wind force is going away from the human habitation.
RAINFALL
Bangalore IMD station recorded an average rainfall of around 875 mm over the years 1998-2010. It is observed from the IMD data provided that there are two peaks in the rainfall in Bangalore namely May and September months. But the highest rainfall months are mainly August, September and October.
Avg Annual Rainfall ( in mm)
KANAKAPURA TALUK AVG ANNUAL RAINFALL (MM) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
2000 Kanakapura Taluk avg annual 1056 rainfall
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
554
413
510
938
1261
494
635
640
807
975
Figure1.3: Average annual rainfall 2000 - 2010 Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in The average rainfall is around 665.5 mm for Kanakapura. There are 11 raingauge stations in the Kanakapura Taluk.
TEMPERATURE
The annual temperature in the LPA is around 24-25oC. Generally the mean minimum (January) is 1418 oC and the mean Maximum (May) is 32-35oC. The maximum temperature recorded is around 34oC and the minimum temperature is around 14.1oC. The most appropriate building materials with respect to temperature in the LPA are bricks and stones which are locally available. Page |7
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Monthly mean and maximum temperature
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE
JULY
Monthly mean maximum temperature (0C)
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
Monthly mean minimum temperature (0C)
Figure1.4: Monthly mean and mean maximum temperature in the LPA Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in The table below shows the mean temperature and mean wind speed for the LPA.
It is observed
from table, that the temperature peaks around 350C in April and May months. The lowest temperatures (15-17 oC) are observed in months of November and December.
Table 1.2: Mean temperature and wind speed in the LPA Mean – Temperature
Wind
Month
Daily Max. 0 C
Daily Min. 0 C
Mean wind speed in Kmph
January
27.0
15.1
9.5
February
29.6
16.6
9.2
March
32.4
19.2
8.5
April
33.6
21.5
7.5
May
32.7
21.2
9.4
June
29.2
19.9
13.6
July
27.5
19.5
13.8
August
27.4
19.4
12.3
September
28.0
19.3
9.5
October
27.7
19.1
7.1
November
26.6
17.2
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December
25.9
15.6
9.0
Annual
28.97
18.63
9.76
Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in
HUMIDITY
The relative humidity is generally 86% during monsoon months and 63% during dry months. It can be seen from the Figure below that, that the mornings have exhibited more humidity mean relative than 67 per cent with the highest in the months of July and August (around 87 per cent) and the lowest humidity in the month of March. The evenings have exhibited humidity more than 31 per cent with the highest in the months of August and October (around 69 per cent) and the lowest in the month of March. Generally nearly 25 per cent difference is observed from mornings to evenings with the highest differences seen in the months of January, February and March (> 35 per cent).
Monthly Mean and Relative Humidity in Kanakapura LPA
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUNE JULY
AUG
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
Monthly mean relative humidity at 0830 hrs (%) Monthly mean relative humidity at 1730 hrs (%)
Figure 1.5: Monthly mean relative humidity in Kanakapura LPA Source: www.imdbangalore.gov.in
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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1.4 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
KANAKAPURA
Situated to the (56 km from Bangalore) South of Bangalore is on the right bank of the river Arkavathy. The place was originally under the Gangas and later under the Cholas, who administered it as a part of Kilalainad.
Later, the Hoysalas made it a major headquarters of province („sime‟). Its name was
changed as Kanakapura from its original Kanakanahalli.
But earlier it is mentioned as
„Kanikaranahalli‟ in two Hoysala records dated 1319 and 1317 A.D. from Hachchalu and Nyakanahalli (Kanakapura tq) villages respectively. Even a recent record dated 1662 A.D by Mysore rulers from Malagala also mention the place as „Kanikaranahalli‟ being the headquarters of a „sime‟. The local people universally call it as „Kanikaranahalli‟, which is otherwise corrupted as Kankanahalli, says Buchanan. He further says Kanikaranahalli has a Tamil origin – „Kani + Karna‟ or „Kanikara‟ signifies a proprietor of land. „Kanikara‟ literally means an accountant (Karanika) or a teller of fortune. The fort here is said to have been erected by Jagadeva Raya, the chief of Channapatna. The remains of the fort can be now seen near the Arkavathy bridge. The town was twice burnt or laid waste by Tipu Sultan to prevent its being of use to the British army on their march to Shrirangapattana. The place was conquered by Mysore rulers in 1630 A.D.
The place has temples dedicated to Ranganatha, Valakotamma, Kodandarama, Anjaneya (two), etc. The Ranganatha temple is a huge structure with a spacious inner Prakara and a gateway having a Rayagopura. Over the Mukhamantapa along the hara are niches enshrining are in Vijayanagara style with a cell to the right having images of Rama, Lakshmana and Seetha. Facing this is a shrine with a seated image of Anjaneya. The Navaranga has a seated image of Vishnu with attributes like Shankha, Chakra, Gada and Abhaya. Perhaps, this must have been the main deity as it is locally said that the present image of Srinivasa was installed as the original image was broken. The central garbhagriha has a ShalaShikhara.
There is an Ardhamantapa having niches without images.
Besides the main sanctum is another cell outside to the right having a recent image of Ranganatha. To the left of the main temple is another shrine of a Padmavati with a small Ardhamantapa and a Navaranga. The annual Jatra is held for a span of nine days beginning from Ugadi, when a cattle fair is also held. The Ganesha temple is an ordinary square structure having an image in Vijayanagara style. In front of this is a modern Kalyanamantapa. The Kodandarama temple is also an ordinary structure in Vijayanagar style.
The Garbhagriha has a brick and mortar shikara.
There is an open
Mukhamantapa in front of the spacious Navaranga. Facing this temple is the KoteAnjaneya, a small structure. The Kenkeramma temple is about 200 years old with a huge compound. The deity is P a g e | 10
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regarded as Gramadevata, will have special attraction for the devotees during its Jatra held for a week after Ugadi when about 5000 people assemble. Nearby is another Anjaneya temple whose image is believed to have been installed by Vyasateertha.
The Valakotamma, another temple of the village deity has an image resembling Durga. The place has one VeerashaivaMatha called DegulaMatha.
It has a stone inscription dated 1667 of
DevarajaWodeyar of Mysore, announcing certain grants made in the Virupasamudra village by one Timmamma, mother of a Dalavayi to the Matha. The place has three mosques and the Jamia mosque inside the town is old, perhaps of Tipu‟s time. There are three Dargahs one ascribed to Hazrath Syed Yakhub Ali, who is said to have lived here about 200 years ago.
The Urus is held at this Dargah during the month of Bakrid when more than
5,000 people assemble. The second Dargah one ascribed to Kambli Peer and the Urus is held during Ramzan. There is also one more Dargah ascribed to Khan Khan Sab, an official perhaps of Tipu‟s time and the Urus is held here during Ramzan.
The place has a Roman Catholic church locally called the St. Rita built in 1964. Tippu was running a huge workshop at Kanakapura with a steel foundry. The place has a Government Silk Filature Factory founded in 1943. The Rural College here is a good memorial to noted Gandhian constructive worker S Kariyappa. Malagala (two km from Kanakapura) situated across the Arkavati river (now within Municipal limits) has a huge temple of Mahadeshwara with a spacious Navaranaga, two Ardhamantapas and a Garbhagriha. Over the Garbhagriha is a brick and mortar Shikhara with many stucco images. The pillars of the Navaranga are in later Vijayanagara style. This temple is older than those in Kanakapura proper. To the left of the main temple is a separate modern shrine of Parvati. Outside the temple are two inscriptions. One damaged record dated 1375 A.D. of BukkarayaOdeya‟s son HariharaOdeya announces one MahasamantaDoddaKallimayaNayaka making some grants to the temple. The second record dated 1662 of DevarajaWodeyar of Mysore records rich grants for the maintenance and car festival at the temple of Mahadeshwara and it also mentions „Kanikaianahalli‟, obviously referring to Kanakapura. The annual Jatra and the car festival are held during Chaitra. There is also a Sidikamba in wood. Other temples of the place are Morasandamma (Gramadevata) and one more small shrine of Mahadeshwara.
Kallahalli (five km from Kanakapura) is to be
approached by a deviation road to the left from the Kanakapura-Bangalore road. The place is noted for its huge Srinivasa temple built in Vijayanagara style. The Garbhagriha has a standing image of Srinivasa (about two meters tall). There is a brick and mortar Shikhara over it. There is a spacious Navaranga in front of the Ardhamantapa with plain Vijayanagarapillas. The annual Jatraand car P a g e | 11
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festival is held during MaghaPoornima when more than 15 to 20,000 people assemble. The village also has an Anjaneya temple. There is also a choultry managed by the Dharmasthala trust.
HAROHALLI
Located on the main road (16 km from Kanakapura) appears to have gained prominence under the Vijayanagara rulers. The place name is referred as „Haruvahalli‟ in a record dated 1532 A.D. from the same place. This must have been an old Agrahara granted to the Brahmanas. The place has temples dedicated to Arunachaleshwara, Krishnaswami, Basaveshwara (old), Anjaneya, etc. The Arunachaleshwara temple is a huge structure with a spacious inner Prakara having many small shrines such as Someshwara, Narayana, Lakshmi and Subrahmanya.
The Garbhagriha has a
Shivalingaperphas of the Hoysala times and also has a Shikhara in Dravidian style. The Navaranga has four Vijayanagara pillars and all of them have fine relief sculptures. There is an outer Mantapa said to have been added by the Subedars of Haider and Tippu, SuryanarayanaIyer and VenkateshIyer respectively.
Inside the Prakara, there are a few broken images of Hoysala
workmanship. To the left of the main temple is the shrine of Ammanavaru (Parvati). The entrance to the temple is from the south which has a tall brick Rayagopura in Vijayanagara style and has many stucco sculptures on Shiava themes. This temple is in an area described as fort built or expanded during Tipu‟s times. The Krishnaswamy temple seen in the fort area has been totally renovated. The Garbhagriha and the Ardhamantapa have some later Vijayanagara features. There are two cells on either sides of the Garbhagriha and one to its right has an image of Lakshmi in it. The other to the left has an image of Venkatesha standing with Shridevi and Bhudevi. This must be the image referred to a Vijayanagara record found at the western wasteweir of Vengallayyanakere (outskirts) and is dated 1532 A.D. issued by ViraPratapaAchutaraya. It states that God Tiruvengadanatha was brought to Haruvahalli by an official VaradaTimmaya who also made land grants to the deity. In the outskirts of the village, amidst fields is an old Bhimeshwara temple of later Vijayanagara times. The pillars of the Navaranga have no sculptures but are square with Vijayanagara brackets atop. Dwarapalas in relief at the entrance of the Garbhagriha.
There are impressive
The shining Shivalinga rises above the
ground level from the centre of a circular hidden (underground) Panipeetha. To the left of the main temple is the small shrine of Ammanavaru. The village proper has two mosques in recent style.
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SATHANUR
Situated at a distance of 10 km from Magadi has been mentioned as „Sathanur‟ in a record dated 1497 A.D. from the same place.
The place has temples dedicated to Kabbalamma, Maruti,
Svayambeshwara, VithalaGopalaswami, Shanidevaru, etc. Kabbalamma temple has a deity made out of clay. The temple is built in Vijayanagara style with octagonal as well as square pillars. The image of Maruti, about two meters tall, is associated with noted theorist on Hindustani Music PundarikaVithala, the celebrated author of Ragamala, Ragamanjari, SadragaChandrodaya, etc., who hailed from this place. The Svayambeshwara temple outside the village amidst fields is perhaps the earliest monument built in early Vijayanagara style. Interestingly there are a few cylindrical pillars with cushions atop in typical Ganga style. Inside the temple are placed images of Vishnu (two) Ganapati and Durga (small). The Garbhagriha has a brick mortar Shikhara in Vijayanagara style. One inscription stone lying to the south-east corner of the temple is badly damaged but mentions one official Manchayya, son of Chandra Suri (perhaps a JainaPandita) granting lands to one individual HiriyaMallinatha of Satanur in the originally of Lakshmi. One of the striking monuments of the place is the VithalaGopalaswamy with an ordinary structure but, an impresiveHoysala image. The black stone image of the deity is about one metre tall with two hands, both placed on the waist. The right hand holds a mouth tied with a rope. The god is flanked by consorts who hold a Chauri in one hand and a lotus in the other. The Prabhavali or halo has in the upper portion well curved Dashavatara in relief amidst MakaraTorana. The inside wall of the temple has a Nagari inscription dated 1497, which announces certain grants made by the children of one official TirumalaSomayaji of Kaliyuru to God Vithala of Sathanur. Apparently PundarikaVithala might have been named after this deity. Hujigallu, an interior place situated on a deviation road (four km) from the Sathanur-Magadi road, is a place with pre-historic antiquities. There is an irregular country road to reach the place. The place is full of dolmens situated on the verge of a hill. The hill has many inaccesible caves. On some of the boulders at the foot of the hill there are some Jaina images and inscriptions not so legible and they must be Nishidhi memorials. The place is fit for pre-historic excavations.
ACHCHALU
Situated 10 km from Kanakapura and can be approached form a deviation road before Sathanur from Kanakapura. The place name is found mentioned as Achala, headquarters of a nadu in a hoysala record of 1318 A.D. (of Ballala III) from the same place. The village has a tall hillock having an P a g e | 13
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Chapter 1 | Introduction
ordinary cave on in enshrining a Shivalinga called locally as the GaviMuneshwara temple. The annual Jatra here is held during MakaraSankranti. The village proper has interesting antiquities all over and particularly within the precincts of the Hanumantha temple. The Hanumantha image in profile is about one meter tall and the god holds a branch of a tree in one of his hands. Nearby is a Basaveshwara temple over a small hillock, below which is many hero-stones. There are in all, three inscriptions in the area around the Anjanaya temple. One lying in a field is illegible but refers to the rule of HoysalaNarasimha. The second inscription, also found in a field, states that when HoysalaBallal III was ruling (1318 A.D.), one Maradeva of Sigalanadu made some grants to one Allappanayaka, son of Madappa of Kanikaranahalli (modern Kanakapura) for the maintenance of a temple at Achalanadu. The last record also found in a field is damaged, but tries to say that under Ballala III one Mahapradhana Someya‟s son Javideva made certain grants to Pattanaswamy Setti, etc.
ARALALU
Situated on the banks of the Arkavathi (3 km from Kanakapura) appears to be an ancient place with political importance especially in early Vijayanagara times when nearly a dozen hero-stones in the places are taken into account. In a record from Nayakanahalli dated 1295 AD of HoysalaBallala II the place is mentioned as “Arulahalu” under Singalanadu in a later record dated 1312 AD from the same village. The place was the headquarters of Singalanada Prabhus. One record (Kn 97) also speaks of “Arulahalu Rajya”. All the hero-stones are found in fields around the village and of these one in the field of one Chikkamarigowda has a horse rider wielding a javelin, beautifully wrought in relief. In same field remains of an ancient Shiva temple have been unearthed with a huge Shivalinga, perhaps of the Ganga times. The Narayanaswamy temple here is a considerably big and its outer Mantapa has fine pillars in Vijayanagara style with relief sculptures on them. NarayanswamyKodugeJameenu is an inscription dated 1393 AD.
In a field called
This states that under King
ShangaAppa of Sigalanadu one ArulahalaMaragudana‟s son ChikkaAyivanna made certain land grants to God Narayana (Kn 100). The annual Jatra is held here in Phalguna. The Venkataswamy temple here is considerably big and old, and a Jatra is also held here. The Basaveswara, Maramma and the Kollapuramma are the other temples and shrines of the place, and behind the last named are two hero stones in a field. There is one more hero stone enshrined in a slab Mantapa across the river, and two more hero stones in a nearby field. There is also a Basavanna shrine there.
In the Harijana colony is a hero stone illustrating a terrible war scene. Of the other two inscriptions from the place, the one in the Agrahara to the north-east of the village is dated 1400 AD speaking of the strengthening the sluice of the local Marasamudra Tank by a Minister Channa Vodeyar under Hariahara – II of the Vijayanagar when Malla Raya‟s son Narayanadeva was ruling at Arulahala. The P a g e | 14
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other inscriptions at the same village on a stone in the yard of Muddamma Ganiga dated 1390 AD states that Siddaya, the Minister of Bukka Raya‟s Son ChannaVodeyar accepted the rules of Arulahala in the Sigalanadu and further states that Marappa, son of AralahalaSiddaya, was wounded in the Hegabe hill. The place also has a Gadduge of Manteswamy.
KABBAL
A border village in the taluk (14 km from Kanakapura) is noted for a vertical steep hill resembling a Shivalinga. The place is mentioned as Kabbahala in Hoysala record by Ballala – III from the same place. At the foot of the hill is the village with a temple locally called Kabbalamma. It appears to have been a flourishing marketing centre in that time. The deity here is referred as „Kalikadevi‟ in a Vijayanagara record from the same place. This temple is an ordinary structure in Vijayanagara style with square pillars without any figures. The Garbhagriha is an ordinary brick and mortar Shikara of recent times. Besides this is a Basaveswara temple (modern). The Jatra of Kabbalamma is held during Shivaratri for a span of one week and more than 20000 people assembled. Special poojas are offered on every Tuesday and Friday when on an average, 500 people visit the temple. Facing the temple is a long Konda (pit) where fire walking ritual is held during the Jatra Adjacent to this in an enclosure having two hero stones, also being worshipped by devotees and both have inscriptions.
On the first hero stone is a record dated 1291AD by Ballala-III which states that one Sahuranna, son of Somagunda ofKabbala died while fighting with robber son his return from HanikyurJatra. The second hero stone has an inscription which announces several grants made by PratapaDevaraya of Vijayanagara before goddess Kalikadevi to Veerapanchalas belonging to different crafts. To the north of the temple is Bhairava shrine which has two masks described as of Kenchanna and Kariyanna. It has a Prakara and a small Mukhamantapa. Above the tall vertical hill are located an old Bhimeshwara temple, a granary, Magazine house, a small pond, etc. To climb the hill one can use the regular steps as well as footpath having severe gradient. In the middle of the hill is a small cavern being converted into a temple enshrining an image of god Srinivasa, measuring about half meter in height. Above the rocky ceiling is a Shikara and there are two ponds within the precincts of this temple. The top most portion of the hill has one more pond. The hill has fortifications all around. It was used as a durgeon for political prisoners by Mysore rulers and Prince Chamaraja VII was confined to this place by DalvayiDevarajayya and the Prince died here in 1734. Hyder too had confined many prisoners here and MurarraoGorpade of Gutti was also confined to this place and was killed in 1779. Tipu changed the name of the place as Jafferabad. Viewing from this hill in the evening, one can undergo sublime experience of enjoying the enchanting scenes including green fields, the gold coated horizon, etc. If necessary, amenities are further provided; this can become a lovely hill station in the district. P a g e | 15
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1.5 INTRODUCTION TO LPA The K-LPA had been declared by the Govt. of Karnataka vide notification no BMRDA/KTA/2006-07, with effect from 29.4.2006. The LPA is located in the south-eastern part of the BMR between 12º23‟N 77º41‟E and 12º51‟N 77º31‟E and spans over Ramanagara and Bangalore Urban district. It is located at an average distance of 30km from Bangalore city. The major town in the LPA is Kanakapura which is a Town Municipal Council.
The NH 209 is the major connector that passes through the LPA linking the LPA to Bangalore city and Mysore. There is no railway connectivity in the LPA.
The area of the LPA is 412.78 sq. km. It comprises of parts of the Kanakapura Taluk and the Bangalore South Taluk. It consists of 86 villages and one TMC and has a total population of 1.81 lakhs. The total urban population in the LPA is 54,021 while the rural population in 1.27 lakhs. The list of the villages and the town are given in the table below.
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Table 1.3: List of villages and population in the Kanakapura LPA HOBLI
Gram Panchayat
VILLAGE NAME
CENSUS AREA (Ha)
POPULATION 2011
1
Doddamaralawadi
Cheeluru
Cheeluru
1040
3144
2
Doddamaralawadi
T.Hosahalli
Chikkadevarahalli
106
374
3
Doddamaralawadi
Cheeluru
Jakkasandra
340
1772
4
Doddamaralawadi
T.Hosahalli
Keeranagere
340
718
5
Doddamaralawadi
T.Hosahalli
T.Hosahalli
555
723
6
Harohalli
Doddamuduwadi
Bandiganahalli
268
517
7
Harohalli
Cheelur
Bannikuppe
601
1340
8
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
BettahalliKaval
247
518
9
Harohalli
Yalachavadi
Bheemasandra
157
318
10
Harohalli
Dyavasandra
ChulakanakereKava l
43
153
11
Harohalli
Cheelur
Devarakaggalahalli
244
557
12
Harohalli
Doddamuduwadi
Doddamuduwadi
651
1068
13
Harohalli
Dyavasandra
Dyavasandra
331
575
14
Harohalli
Hunusanahalli
Gabbadi
633
1867
15
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Gabbadi Kaval
90
74
16
Harohalli
Harohalli
Harohalli
1675
12988
17
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Hosakote
18
Harohalli
Kolliganahalli
Hulugondanahalli
552
1923
19
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Kaggalahalli
358
1164
20
Harohalli
T.Hosahalli
Maralagere
204
239
21
Harohalli
Harohalli
Marasandra
258
712
22
Harohalli
Kolliganahalli
Medamaranahalli
315
1519
23
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Mudenahalli
380
1143
24
Harohalli
Doddamuduwadi
Singasandra
362
1003
25
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Vaderahalli
390
1287
26
Harohalli
Kaggalahalli
Yadamadu
307
871
27
Kasaba
Tungani
Agrahara
138
476
28
Kasaba
Allimaranahalli
Allimaranahalli
402
1939
733
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29
Kasaba
Chikkamuduwadi
Anajawadi
526
2165
30
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Aralalu
663
1790
31
Kasaba
Tungani
Aralalusandra
582
1318
32
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Aranakuppe
178
832
33
Kasaba
Budiguppe
Baradanahalli
266
882
34
Kasaba
T.Bekuppe
Bekuppe
480
1308
35
Kasaba
Chakanahalli
Cheeranakuppe
173
821
36
Kasaba
Chikkamuduwadi
Chikkamuduwadi
567
3445
37
Kasaba
T.Bekuppe
Chokasandra
209
1205
38
Kasaba
Allimaranahalli
Ganalu
301
1353
39
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Hanumanahalli
594
1022
40
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Kallahalli
200
1891
41
Kasaba
Kabbalu
Kanakapura (Rural)
1075
631
42
Kasaba
Tungani
Ramapura
534
1073
43
Kasaba
Tungani
Rayasandra
1178
1727
44
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Seegekote
479
1551
45
Kasaba
Shivanahalli
Shivanahalli
1250
1799
46
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Thammasandra
674
989
47
Kasaba
Kallahalli
Tigalarahalli
73
680
48
Kasaba
T.Bekuppe
Tigalarahosahalli
482
1255
49
Kasaba
Tungani
Tungani
404
1717
50
Kasaba
Allimaranahalli
Vadedoddi
410
1265
51
Kasaba
Chakanahalli
Virupasandra
361
1812
52
Sathanur
Achalu
Achalu
1601
2498
53
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Alur
215
531
54
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Anamanahalli
519
599
55
Sathanur
Achalu
Bommanahalli
189
1084
56
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Dalimba
233
1056
57
Sathanur
Sathanur
Deshohalli
243
0
58
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Halasinamaradahalli
88
361
59
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Honniganahalli
212
959
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
60
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Hosahalli
353
115
61
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Kabbal
550
1160
62
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Kachavanahalli
312
1678
63
Sathanur
Kadahalli
Kadahalli
420
1099
64
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Kambasagara
326
805
65
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Kemmale
362
1117
66
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Mudalaswamikuppe
124
18
67
Sathanur
Arekattedoddi
Naripura
108
68
Sathanur
Honniganahalli
Sasalapura
841
1595
69
Sathanur
Sathanur
Sathanur
587
4968
70
Sathanur
Kabbalu
Tailuru Forest
3478
427
71
Sathanur
Achalu
Thotahalli
292
1325
72
Sathanur
Yadugowdanahalli
84
73
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Alakabelalu
70
62
74
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Gulakamale
485
2288
75
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
K. Chudahalli
389
1371
76
Uttarahalli
Kaggalipura
Kaggalipura
939
12070
77
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Naganayakanahalli
168
776
78
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Nelaguli
375
1189
79
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Nettigere
472
1846
80
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Ravugodlu
389
1370
81
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Somanahalli
540
4657
82
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Sunkadakatte
254
433
83
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Tharalu
601
1502
84
Uttarahalli
Taralu
Thattaguppe
383
2528
85
Uttarahalli
Kaggalipura
Uttari
496
1454
86
Uttarahalli
Somanahalli
Vaddarapalya
613
1729
The LPA also consists of a class III census town, Kanakapura, with an area of 3.71 sq. km and a population of 54,021.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 1 | Introduction
Table 1.4: TMC data in the LPA SL
TMC
AREA (Ha)
POPULATION
1
Kanakapura
371
54,021
3
OVERLAPPING VILLAGES WITH BMICA(Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor Area)
The KPA has been declared as per the government order Number
Na Aa E: 496: MIB: 1998 dated 12-07-1999 & Na Aa E: 62: BemRupra: 2006,
87 villages has been declared as per section 4a of KTCP act 1961, were in the villages Uttari, Naganayakanahalli & K.Choodalli of Bangalore South Taluk have also been notified by the government for BMICAPA. These three villages are overlapping in both the planning authorities & in this regard correspondence with BMICAPA has been made requesting their opinion to delete these villages from BMICAPA as for these three villages, the IMP has been prepared & as per that the KPA has issued many planning permissions but BMICAPA has opined that they will retain three villages as their notification was made quite earlier to KPA. With all these details KPA submitted a proposal to BMRDA & In turn BMRDA already requested the government to take immediate decision in respect of these three villages. So far government has not any decision in this regard hence master plan is prepared including these three villages as per the earlier notification for final approval of the master plan.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION The Master Plan provides scope to redefine circulation pattern and landuse of the LPA in accordance with the present trend of development. Existing problems of the study area has been addressed and best possible solution has been provided for them.
The Limitations of the Master Plan process is the lack of primary household data and primary traffic survey data.
3
Census 2011
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
CHAPTER 2
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND ECONOMIC BASE 2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTER Demography is the study of human population with respect to size, composition, spatial distribution, and changes in the populationthat occur over time. Future growth scenarios, infrastructure requirements and utilisation of human resource for different sectors depend on the population of an area. Hence study of population – size, composition and distribution is important to Planning.
Size of the population gives an overall dimension of the physical environment and supplies a basic yardstick for the estimation of space requirements for various categories of land use.
Studies of population composition extend this analysis to qualitative considerations like age groups, household sizes, income levels, and needs of each segment of the life cycle. They can be used to assist in determining the space required for facilities for all segments of the population.
Analysis of population distribution provides clues as to how these various land uses and facilities should be located in the urban area.
The population of Kanakapura LPA, as per census 2011 and other thematic data from census 2001 has been studied and analysed to arrive at future growth scenarios and determination of infrastructural requirements.
KARNATAKA and BMR: FACTS and FIGURES Karnataka State‟s population according to 2011 Census is 6.11 crores (Table 1). It is observed that (a) the percentage growth in population has reduced from 17.25% in 1991-2001 to 15.67% in 20012011. (b) the urban percentage growth in population has increased from 29 per cent in 1991-2001 to 31.27% in 2001-2011, and (c) the urban population in Bangalore Urban District has increased from 88 per cent in 2001 to 90.94% in 2011.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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The BMRDA area includes Bangalore Urban and Rural Districts. As per census 2011, the population is around 105, 76,167 (105 lakhs). The percentage rural population in the area has reduced from 27 per cent in 2001 to 15.02% in 2011 and the percentage urban population has increased from 73% in 2001 to 84.98% in 2011. Hence, the area has gone through a great deal of urbanization. Population of the BMRDA area represented 16% of Karnataka‟s population in 2001 and represents 17.3% of Karnataka‟s population in 2011. The rural population of BMR has decreased from 7% of total rural population of Karnataka in 2001 to 4.2% of total rural population of Karnataka in 2011. Whereas, urban population which was 34 per cent of Karnataka‟s total urban population in 2001 is now 8.11%. The growth of the rural and urban population in 2011 is 7.63% and 31.27% respectively.
The urban and rural population figures of Karnataka, Bangalore Urban District, Bangalore Rural District and BMRDA area are presented in the table below.
Table 2.1: Population Statistics in Karnataka YEARS AREA ( sq. km)
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
29,299,014
37,135,714
44,977,201
52,850,562
61,130,704
22,176,921
26,406,108
31,069,413
34,889,033
37,552,529
7,122,093
10,729,606
13,907,788
17,961,529
23,578,175
3,365,515
4,947,610
4,839,162
6,537,124
9,588,910
1,499,761
1,754,394
669,409
777,137
868,971
1,865,754
3,193,216
4,169,253
5,759,987
8,719,939
1,673,194
1,877,416
987,257
1,369,908
1,470,542
719,564
303,286
406,874
267,693
Karnataka
Karnataka Rural
1,91,791
Urban Bangalore Urban District
Total Rural
2,190
Urban Bangalore Rural District
Total Rural Urban
2,260
Ramanagara District
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Total
1,082,739
Rural
3,555
815,368
Urban
267,353
BMR Total Rural
8,005
Urban
3,365,515
4,947,610
6,512,356
8,414,540
10,576,167
1,499,761
1,754,394
2,039,317
2,247,679
1,588,535
1,865,754
3,193,216
4,472,539
6,166,861
8,987,632
Source: Census 2011 KANAKAPURA LPA: GROWTH TREND
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN KANAKAPURA TOWN
Kanakapura Town or TMC is the only urban settlement in the Kanakapura LPA. It has an area of 7.31 sq. km1. The table below shows population in Kanakapura TMC from 1961 to 2011. The present population of the TMC is 54,021. Population in Kanakapura Town 60000
POpulation
50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Kanakapura
1961 15000
1971 20000
1981 29000
1991 38000
2001 47000
2011 54021
Figure 2.1: Population in Kanakapura Town; Source: Census 2011
Present municipal limits
1
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
It can be noted that the population growth in the town is less which can be attributed to lack of economic activity and growth generators in the LPA.
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN KANAKAPURA LPA
The Kanakapura LPA is composed of 86 villages and 1 town. The present population of the LPA villages (census 2011) is 126,916. Total population of the LPA, including Kanakapura TMC is 180,931. Figure 2 below shows the population growth in the LPA from1961 to 2011.
Population in Kanakapura LPA 200000 180000 160000
Population
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Kanakapura LPA
1961 83194
1971 95887
1981 125993
1991 151998
2001 170278
2011 180937
Figure2.2: Population in Kanakapura LPA Source: Census 2011 It can be seen that the increase in population in the LPA over the years have been extremely less. The figure below shows the growth rate from 1971 to 2011.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
Population Growth Rate in Kanakapura LPA 35% 31%
30% 25%
21%
20%
growth rate
15% 12%
10%
6%
5% 0% 1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Figure2.3: Population growth rate in Kanakapura LPA; Source: Census It can be seen that there is a negative growth rate in the LPA. The trend suggests out-migration which can be attributed to the lack of economic activities in the area. The table below shows a comparison between the population growth in the BMR, the Bangalore urban, Bangalore Rural+ Ramanagara and the Kanakapura LPA.
POPULATION GROWTH IN BMR, BANGALORE URBAN, BANAGLORE URBAN DISTRICT, BANAGLORE URBAN & RAMANAGARA 10,576,167 10000000 9,588,910
8000000
Kanakapura LPA 6000000
BMR
4000000 2,069,996 2000000 180937 0 1971
1981
1991
2001
Bangalore rural + Ramanagara bangalore urban district
2011
Figure2.4: Comparison of population growth, Source: Census It can be seen that the growth of population in the Kanakapura LPA has not been significant as compared to the other areas of the BMR. The decadal growth rate of Kanakapura LPA is 6.25%. The slow growth rate may be attributed to the slow pace of industrial development in the LPA. The LPA is P a g e | 25
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
rich in agricultural produce but the agro-industry has not been supported. Migration has been a major trend in many villages in the LPA
POPULATION DENSITY IN THE LPA
The total area of the Kanakapura LPA is 412 sq. km (approx.). The figure below shows the population density in the Kanakapura LPA. Population density in Kanakapura LPA 160.00 140.00
Gross density
120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 Series1
Doddamaralawadi
Harohalli
Kasaba
Sathanur
Uttarahalli
kanakapura TMC
3.04
2.82
3.79
2.63
4.46
145.61
Figure 2.5: Population density 2 in Kanakapura LPA; Source: Census It can be seen that Kanakapura TMC has a high density of 145 persons/ Ha3 while the population density in rest of the LPA, expressed in Hoblis is extremely low, ranging in the order of 3 to 5 persons per hectare. The population density of the Ramanagara district is 30 persons per Hectare. The low density is attributed to the clustered growth in the outer BMR.
The Structure Plan 2031 advocates clustered growth around exiting growth nodes; hence the future scenario for the LPA would also follow the present trend of concentrated growth. However, new growth centres would be promoted in the LPA around Harohalli and Sathanur to create a spur of economic activities.
2
Analysis is done Hobli wise, taking average value of individual village, municipal boundary has been considered for Kanakapura TMC Census of India and Analysis
3
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URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION IN THE LPA
The urban and rural population distribution can be seen in the figure below. The urban population is contributed by the Kanakapura TMC while the population in the villages constitute the rural population. It can be seen that 30% of the population lives the urban areas while rural population constitute 70% of the total population in the LPA.
Urban-Rural population distribution in the LPA URBAN
RURAL
30%
70%
Figure2.6: Urban rural population distribution in the LPA SOURCE: census 2011 The share of population in the LPA having access to urban facilities should be increased, especially around the future growth nodes – Harohalli and Sathanur.
SEX RATIO
Sex ratio is defined as number of females per 1000 males. The sex ratio of the Kanakapura LPA has been shown in context of the larger framework. It can be seen that the sex ratio in Karnataka is 968 4 females per 1000 males, while that of the BMR is 935. Sex ratio is alarmingly low in the Kanakapura Town where it is 923 females per 1000 males. The table below shows a comparative list of sex ratios according to census 2011. Ramanagara ranks 18th among the 30 districts of Karnataka in terms of sex ratio.
4
Census 2011
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Table 2.2: Comparative table: sex ratio AREA
Karnataka
SEX RATIO
968
Ramanagara
Kanakapura 5
Kanakapura 6
District
Taluk
TMC
976
941
923
SOURCE: census 2011, 2001 The reasons behind low sex ratio in the urban areas may be the influx of male workers from the surrounding areas in search of job. However, the ratio is also skewed in the overall Kanakapura Taluk, indicating poor development.
CHILD POPULATION(0-6 years)
The proportion of child population in an area determines the educational infrastructure demand. According to census 2011 data the 9.38% of the total population of the Ramanagara district belongs to age group 0-6 years. The table below shows a comparative table of the child population proportion in Bangalore, Bangalore rural and Ramanagara.
Table 2.3: Comparative list population under of 0-6 years, AREA Percentage
Bangalore
Bangalore Rural
9,88,482 (10.31%)
1,02,019 (10.33%)
Ramanagara
Kanakapura
district
Taluk
1,01,565 (9.38%)
31,868 (9.1%)
of
population in age group 0-6 years
SOURCE: census 2011 It can be seen that the proportion of population in the 0-6 year category is almost similar in all the three areas, though actual population count is much higher in Bangalore district. Hence the education sector needs to be promoted in the LPA.
LITERACY RATE According to census data 2011, the literacy rate in Ramanagara district is 69.2% which is 9% higher than that of 2001. Literacy rate among men is 76.92% compared to 69.88% in 2001 an that among 5
Census of India 2001 Census of India 2001
6
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
women is 61.33% compared to 51.22% in 2001. The average literacy rate of Kanakapura Taluk is 65.1, while that in urban areas in 80.5% and in rural areas is 62.5%. Though there has been considerable increase in the literacy rate in the region, it is abysmally poor compared to the rest of BMR. The literacy rate of Bangalore is 88.48% the figures below show the comparative data for the literacy rates in the district. 90
LITERACY RATE
80.5 80 70
73.9 66.7
65.1
62.5
60
56
53.1
50
43.1
46.3
40 30 20 10 0 KANAKAPURA URBAN AVERAGE LITERACY RATE
KANAKAPURA RURAL MALE LITERACY RATE
TOTAL FEMALE LITERACY RATE
Figure2.7: Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk Source: Census 2001
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
The human development index data, according to Karnataka Human Development Report 2005 shows that Bangalore Rural district has a human development index of 0.653 7 . The table below shows the composition of HD8I in Bangalore Urban and Bangalore Rural district. 7 8
Karnataka Human Development Report 2005 The HDI for districts is computed on the basis of the methodology used in UNDP Human Development Report 1999. Due to the non-
availability of data on adult literacy rates for 2001, literacy rates for 7 years plus, the combined gross enrolment ratios of primary and secondary level education (class I-XII) have been substituted. Hence, there is element of double counting in the age group 6-18 years for educational status. It may be noted that due to changes in methodology, i.e. adopting the logarithm method in computation, there has been a sudden increase in the values of the income index. Another important factor is that changing the base year from 1980-81 to 1993-94 for estimation of GDP at constant prices for India and the states (introduced by the CSO) has contributed to higher values of income indices for 1991-92 and 2001-02. In Karnataka, the estimates of life expectancy at birth for districts and the state have been made on the basis of the regression method involving the crude birth rate, the crude death rate, the rate of natural increase in population and the infant mortality rate
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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Table 4: HDI composition Area
Health
Education
Income
HDI
Bangalore Rural
0.692
0.662
0.605
0.653
Bangalore Urban
0.705
0.887
0.666
0.753
SOURCE: Human Development Report, Karnataka 2005
It is noted that the HDI of the Bangalore Rural district is poor compared to Bangalore Urban district. It is however higher than the national HDI of 0.621. Care should be taken at policy and proposal level to augment the HDI status of the area and bring it at par with that of the Bangalore Urban District.
for 2001. In order to enable for the districts and the state are higher than the HDI values in KHDR I. The GDI values have also been revised for 27 districts for 1991, so as to facilitate a comparison of GDI estimates for 1991 with those of 2001.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
2.2 ECONOMIC BASE: INTRODUCTION Kanakapura Taluk has been classified as “Most backward” Taluk in the BMR 9. The population of Kanakapura LPA has grown from 1.7 lakhs in 2001 to 1.8 lakhs in 2011. The net growth in population over the last decade is ten thousand, the decadal growth rate being 6.25% and the annual growth rate being 0.58%. The annual growth rate of Bangalore urban district however is 5.1%10. Needless to say, the growth of the LPA has been slow. It is evident that the intensity and scale of economic activities in the LPA are in tandem with this pace of growth.
Under the framework of the draft RSP 2031, a scenario of 75-25 population sharing between the core and the outside is being aimed for. Since this includes inducing a considerable amount of population from the core to the outside, there is a need to provide an economic impetus to the LPA.
Bangalore has been experiencing rapid development because of accelerated industries and economic activities. This has resulted in growth of congestion of Bangalore, because of which there is tremendous pressure on infrastructure. Land is becoming scarce and hence costly day by day.
Investors are opting to move outwards from Bangalore to the nearest town. Investors prefer Kanakapura Taluk as their investment destination.
Since Harohalli is nearer to Bangalore and
already has a developed industrial base, more and more projects are proposed in this location. Thus Kanakapura Taluk is expected to register faster economic growth.
These initiatives taken viz, development of infrastructure & housing facilities in mega scale have enthused major investors to opt Kanakapura taluk for their investments.
WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION The BMR RSP 2031 states the work participation rate of the BMR as a little over 41%. The workforce participation rate of the Kanakapura town is however 17.5%11. The industrial work participation rate of the BMR is considered to be 21%12.WPR13 of Kanakapura Taluk is 49%.
9
NewIndustrial Policy 2006-2011 report, Karnataka Industrial Policy 2009-2014 According to Census 2011 data 11 BMR Revised Structure Plan 2031 12 Interim master Plan 2011, Kanakapura LPA 13 Work Participation rate 10
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION Workforce Distribution in Kanakapura Taluk
The total no of workers in a society is comprised of the main workers
MAIN 38%
and
the
marginal
workers. Main workers are those
NONWORKERS 51%
who have more than 100 days of work in a year and marginal
MARGINAL 11%
workers are those who work less than 100 days in a year. Non-
Figure 2.8: Workforce distribution in the Kanakapura LPA, Source: census 2001
workers are those who fall in the working age group, mainly the
unemployed and the housewives. In 2001 the percentage of main workers in the Kanakapura Taluk was 38.1%, while the percentage of marginal workers was 11.1%. Non-workers constituted 50.9% of the total population. The figure shows the workforce distribution in the Kanakapura Taluk.
Performance of the government employment programmes such as the PMRY, MGNREGA etc should be analysed in the LPA to uncover the cause of unemployment in the LPA. Economic activities should be introduced to combat unemployment and reduce out-migration.
DISTRIBUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS The figure below shows the gender wise distribution of the total workforce in the Kanakapura Taluk. It can be observed that 62% of the total workforce is composed of males while the female share is much lower comprising of just 38% The gender wide distribution of the workers in Gender wise distribution of workforce in Kanakapura Taluk
each worker category can also be analysed. It can be seen that the males constitute almost two
FEMALE 38%
third of the main workers, while in the marginal category MALE 62%
females
workers
constitute
the
majority. In the non-worker category, we can see that there are much more unemployed males in the Taluk than females. The figure below shows the gender wise distribution of workers in each category.
Figure 2.9: Gender wise distribution of workers ; Source: census 2001 P a g e | 32
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 2 | Demographic and Economic Base
Gender wise distribution of Workforce in Kanakapura Taluk 120000
PERSONS
100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 MALE
MAIN 90598
MARGINAL 12,709
NON-WORKERS 70,413
FEMALE
37,741
24,660
101,087
Figure 2.10: Gender wise distribution of workers in each category, Source: census 2001 As seen in the chart above, the proportion of male „main workers‟ is almost double that of the female „main workers‟. Women are more marginally employed or unemployed than their male counterparts.
Measures should hence be taken at policy and proposal level to augment the share of female workforce in the economy.
DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN URBAN AREAS: KANAKAPURA TMC The Kanakapura TMC constitutes the urban area in the LPA. The figure below shows the workforce distribution in the TMC. It can be seen that 35% of the total workers are main workers, 2% are marginal workers and 63% are nonWorkforce Distribution in Kanakapura TMC
workers. The Kanakapura town has negligible industries at present. The livelihood of the
MAIN 35%
people is majorly sustained by the local
NONWORKERS 63%
economy and the service sector. It can be seen that non-worker category in the urban area is higher than the average LPA MARGINAL 2%
value.Increase in economic activity in the LPA is necessary to decrease the share of non-workers.
Figure 2.11: Distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC; Source: census 2001
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN URBAN AREAS: KANAKAPURA TMC
It can be seen that 24% of the total GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN KANAKAPURA TMC
workers are women while 76% are men. The participation of women, as evident
FEMALE 24%
from the figure below is extremely low.
Measures should be taken to increase MALE 76%
the work participation rate of women in the LPA by introducing women friendly employment schemes and improving child care facilities and connectivity to work centres.
Figure 2.12: Gender wise distribution of workforce in Kanakapura TMC Source: Census 2001 GENDER WISE DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE IN KANAKAPURA TMC
20,000
PERSONS
16,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 0 MALE FEMALE
MAIN 12,727 3,935
MARGINAL 579 372
NON-WORKERS 11,311 18,136
Figure 2.13: Gender wise distribution of workforce in each category Source: Census 2001 The gender wise distribution of workers in each category shows that, male workers constitute the majority among Main workers. In the marginal worker category, the population of men is slightly higher than that of women. There is a huge population in the non-worker category; clearly depicting that unemployment rate is high among both men and women.
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL AREAS It is interesting to note that total workers constitute 48% of the total population, higher than that of the urban areas (37% in Kanakapura TMC). WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL AREAS OF KANAKAPURA LPA
38% of the population is main workers while 10% are marginal workers. The figure
MAIN 38%
below
shows
the
workforce
distribution in the rural areas of the
NONWORKERS 52%
Kanakapura LPA. MARGINAL 10%
Figure 2.14: Workforce distribution in rural areas of Kanakapura LPA; Source: census 2001
Sustenance activities
through attributes
agricultural to
higher
employment rate in the rural areas.
Nevertheless, the share of non-workers is high. The LPA falls under SEZ for agricultural facilities and has high potential for sericulture. The opportunities should be explored in order to develop the rural areas.
WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: KANAKAPURA TALUK
Worker distribution in Economic Activities
The worker distribution in Kanakapura
Taluk
shows
that 53% of the total workers HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 2%
OTHER WORKERS 22%
CULTIVATORS 53%
are cultivators while 23% are agricultural labourers. 2% of the
total
workers
household AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 23%
industry
are
in
while
22% are other sectors. It can be seen that
Figure 2.15: Workforce distribution in Economic Activities in Kanakapura Taluk; Source: census 2001
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
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GENDER WISE WORKER DISTRIBUTION IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 60,000
PERSONS
50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 MALE
52,461
AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 14,953
FEMALE
25,953
19,673
CULTIVATORS
HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 1,619 1,504
OTHER WORKERS 20,968 10,964
Figure 2.16: Gender wise Workforce distribution Kanakapura Taluk, Source: census 2001 Gender wise distribution of workers shows that men constitute the majority of the cultivators and other workers while women appear more as agricultural labourers. In the household industry, their composition is more or less equal.
WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: KANAKAPURA TMC
W O R K E R D I S T R I B U T I O N I N E C O N O M I C AC T I V I T I E S : K AN AK A P U R A T M C CULTIVATORS 3%
AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 2%
It can be seen from the figure that 3%
of
the total workers
are
cultivators, 2% are agricultural HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 9%
labourers,
9%
are
household
industry workers and 86% workers fall in the other workers category.
OTHER WORKERS 86%
It is evident that majority of the workforce
are
engaged
in
secondary sector in the urban areas of the LPA.
Figure 2.17: Worker distribution in Economic Activities: Kanakapura TMC Source: Census 2001
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OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE PRIMARY SECTOR AGRICULTURAL LAND HOLDINGS
The total area in the Kanakapura
LAND UTILISATI ON IN KANAKA PU RA TALUK Forest area 28%
Net area sown 40%
Taluk is 159426 Ha out of which 45263 Ha lies under forests. Total area not available for cultivation is 22000 Ha. Other uncultivable lands amount to 13144 Ha. Fallow land in
Other uncultivable land 8%
Fallow land 10%
Land not available for cultivation 14%
the Taluk is 15272 Ha and net sown area is 63744 Ha 14 . The figure shows the land utilisation pattern in Kanakapura Taluk.
Figure 2.18: Land utilization in Kanakapura Taluk. Source: Agricultural census 2005
AGRICULTURAL LAND HOLDINGS IN KANAKAPURA TALUK
Number of holdings
Area (Ha)
44330
20448
19805
18930
14218 7150
4398 314
Marginal farmer land holdings
Small Agricultural land holdings ( 1-2 Ha )
Medium agricultural land holder ( 2-4 Ha)
large agricultural land holder (10 Ha and above)
Figure 2.19: Agricultural Land holdings in Kanakapura Taluk. Source: Agricultural census 2005
14
Agricultural Census 2005
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The figure above shows the agricultural land holdings in Kanakapura Taluk. 43133 Ha is the total land under agricultural land holdings. 10.2% of the land is under large holdings, 43.88% under medium land holdings and rest under marginal farmer held lands. It is noted that the largest proportion of agricultural land falls under small holdings. While 14 Ha is the average size of large land holdings, 2.64 Ha is the average medium holding size and 1.4 is the average plot size for small landholders.
PRINCIPAL CROPS
Kanakapura LPA falls in the eastern dry agricultural zone. It consists of red loamy soil in major areas and clay lateritic soil in other areas. Ragi, Avare, Ground nut and Niger are important Kharif crops in the area. Major Rabi crops are paddy, horse gram, maize and castor. The table below shows the important crop types in each category. Table2.5: Principal crops in Kanakapura Taluk.
CATEGORY
PRINCIPAL CROPS
Principal cereal crops
paddy, jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, wheat
Principal pulses
tur, horse gram, black gram, green gram, avare, cow pea
Principal oil seeds
ground nut, sun flower, castor, sesame, niger seeds etc cotton, sugar cane, tobacco, castor seeds, linseed, soya bean, sun
Principal commercial crops
flower
Principal vegetable crops
tomato, brinjal, beans, cluster beans, onion
Principal horticulture crops
coconut, areca nut, .mango, banana, guava etc
Source: Agricultural census 2005
Table2.6: Production of major crops in Kanakapura Taluk SL
CROP
PRODUCTION (MT)
1
Coconut
631.5
2
Arecanut
130
3
Banana
4
4
Mango
2.1
5
Sapota
2.05
The State and Central Government have signed a MoU for establishment of Agri Export Zones (AEZ) covering gherkins, rose-onion and flowers. Bangalore Rural District including the Taluk is covered under AEZ for gherkins and flowers. The climate of the Taluk suits the cultivation of these commodities.
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Source: Agricultural census 2005
Pisciculture is also practiced in small scale in the Taluk. There are about 145 tanks in the Taluk belonging to Panchayat and minor irrigation. There are almost 430 families that depend on pisciculture for their livelihood. The no of beneficiaries in the Taluk under The Mahasasraya Schemeare 17015. There are no fish markets in the Taluk.
SERICULTURE
Sericulture forms an important activity in the Kanakapura LPA as well as in the BMR. Government has set up 10 silk exchanges in the region to facilitate trading of silk. One of the silk exchanges is located in Kanakapura Town. Table 2.7: Sericulture statistics of Kanakapura Taluk Sericulture in Kanakapura Taluk
Statistics
Area under mulberry production ( Ha )
5945.25
Cocoon Production ( in tonnes)
6591.21
No of villages engaged on mulberry
614
No of farmers engaged in occupation
13527
Value of silk produced ( in lakhs)
15315.792
No of cocoon markets in the LPA
1
Source: Ramanagara District book Table 2.8: sericulture programs in Kanakapura Taluk Area
No of farmers under Catalytic Development Program
Kanakapura
1278
No under
of
farmers Vandana
Yojna
Beneficiaries
under
Special component and tribal sub plan.
69
66
Source: Ramanagara District book
The National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC) through CSB and in turn NSSO, in Bangalore and CSR&TI, in Mysore had drawn schemes to identify and support financially and technologically the sericulturists of Kanakapura area. The components are as follows:
15
Ramanagara District Book 2011-2012
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Establishment of Chawki Rearing Centre (CRC) Establishment of Farmers Field School (FFS) and 'on farm' training. To sustain the sericulture industry NRDC proposed the said scheme and implemented it in the Kanakapura Taluk.
The Chawki Rearing Centre has shown improvement in yield and also adoption of better methods of sericulture farming in and around 20 villages of Kanakapura Taluk. The training program to the farmers drawn from the villages is continuing batch wise at CSR&TI, Mysore. The table below shows the infrastructure facilities available in the Taluk for sericulture. Table 2.9: Mulberry and Sericulture Infrastructure in Kanakapura Taluk
Description
Kanakapura Taluk
Chawki Rearing Centres
21
Seeds Storage centres
48
Mulberry cultivated area (Ha)
4551
Cocoon Production (MT)
3896
No. Farmers engaged in this activity
12291
Value of silk produced ( Lakhs)
39
Source: District at a G lance, Bangalore rural, 2004 -05
Kanakapura Taluk is classified in Zone 2 i.e. potential taluks for textile development, under the Karnataka Suvarna Vastra Neethi- 2008-2013 (Textile policy), which entitles it to receive normal incentives for textile development. Hence, sericulture can be developed as a foremost sector using the incentives of this scheme. At present however there exists a cocoon market and an area earmarked for Silk industries in the Kanakapura TMC. Industrial activity is however extremely meagre.
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Plate: Cocoon market in Kanakapura town. Food Park has been proposed at Harohalli by the department of Horticulture/ Food Karnataka Ltd. QUARRYING
Kanakapura is known for its granite quarrying potential and its products are known for their export potential.
SECONDARY SECTOR
Existing Industrial Activities in the LPA is concentrated mainly in the Harohalli region. The KIADB Industrial Estate stage 1 and 2 host a number of small scale and medium scale industries.
TINY AND SSI SECTOR
According to the Industrial Perspective Plan of Kanakapura Taluk, the Taluk has potential for investment of around Rs. 176 crores in 794 units in tiny & SSI sector including services. These units are expected to generate employment opportunities for about 9000 persons. The investment opportunities have been identified mainly in the following relatively more potential sectors:
Precision Engineering & Machine Tools Tourism Printing & Stationery Textiles Plastic & Rubber Agro & Food Based Industries
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Apart from these relatively more potential sectors, there are other segments, which also have potential which include electrical, information technology, construction materials, services, metallurgical, chemicals & pharmaceuticals and other industries have also been identified and presented. DISTRIBUTION OF UNITS & WORKERS IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
310 200 1 0
104
87 15 1
7
17
165
11
1 1
19 4
95
16 32
1
30 11
NO OF UNITS
NO OF WORKERS
Figure 2.20: Distribution of small scale industries in Kanakapura LPA Source: Ramanagara District Book, 2010 -2011
It is evident from records that most of the tiny and SSI units in Kanakapura Taluk have been registered in the District Industries Centre. However, there are few un-registered units in the Taluk. It is estimated that, un-registered units are in the range of 350 to 450 units and are mainly tailoring, carpentry, pottery, bamboo, masonry, jelly crushing units. An estimated investment from these units is in the range of Rs. 350 lakhs to Rs. 400 lakhs. The employment generated from these units is in the range of 1000 to 1100 nos. Details of proposals in the ‘Tiny and SSI Sector’ are given in Annexure 5.
Artisans
There are about 5910 artisans working on different artisans based crafts in the Taluk. The major artisans are tailors, carpenters, Handloom weavers, masons, etc. The details are furnished in the Table.
Table2.10: Artisan Base in the LPA Sl. No. 1.
Category
No. of Artisans
Tailors
2000
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2.
Carpenters
1000
3.
Handloom weavers
1000
4.
Masons
350
5.
Blacksmiths
200
6.
Leather workers
200
7.
Bamboo workers
200
8.
Dhobi
200
9.
Stone crushers
200
10. Others
200
11. Gold smiths
100
12. Potters
100
13. Electricians
60
14. Mat weavers
50
15. TV Repairers
50
Total
5910
Source: DIC, Bangalore (R) Dist.
MEDIUM & LARGE SCALE
The Taluk has potential for investment of the order of Rs.1250 crores in 168 units in Large & Medium Scale. These units are expected to generate employment opportunities for about 50,000 persons. The investment opportunities have been identified mainly in the following relatively more potential sectors:
Information Technology Textiles Precision Engineering & Machine Tools Infrastructure Plastic & Rubber Tourism Construction Materials There exist 4 medium scale industries in the Kanakapura LPA16 at present. Details of proposals for ‘Medium and Small Scale Industries’ is given in Annexure 5.
16
Ramanagara District Book, 2010-2011
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COMMERCE AND RETAIL Trade and commerce is mainly concentrated along the major roads of the town. Dense commercial establishments exist along the NH 209 near the KSRTC bus stand and also along the State Highway in parts. Commercial activities mainly consist of retail activities and few whole sale activities. There exists an Agricultural Produce market along the NH 209 which is a daily market used for exchange of farm produce.
A commercial centre is absent in Kanakapura town.Since Kanakapura is the only town with urban facilities in the LPA; a regional commercial centre should be located which can amalgamate functions of a retail as well as a wholesale market. Table 2.11: Commercial activities in Kanakapura Town SL
MARKET NAME
LOCATION
CHARACTERISTICS
1
City Market
NH 209
Daily Market, mixed goods
2
Minor commercial establishments
SH 3 in parts
Daily Market, mixed goods
3
Agricultural Produce Market
NH 209
Farm produce
Source: Primary Survey
Plate: Commercial Activities in Kanakapura Town
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EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
The District Industries Center (DIC) is conducting self-employment programmes in the Taluk mainly to provide self-employment opportunities to unemployed educated persons. In the recent times, Under PMRY scheme, the number of persons seeking assistance has increased substantially. During the year 2003-04, 237 cases were recommended to Banks, of which only 106 cases were sanctioned.
During 2005-06, 211 persons received assistance out of 439 cases recommended. There is a need to encourage more number of persons to take up self-employment activities under the scheme by increasing the allocation of funds. The details are furnished in the Table
Table2.12: Details of PMRY Scheme Details of PMRY Scheme
Year
Target
No. of cases Recommended to banks
Cases Sanctioned(Nos .)
2003-04
102
237
106
2005-06
401
439
211
Source : DIC, Bangalore (R) Dist. Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna The program was started in 1997 with the objectives of Addressing urban poverty alleviation through gainful employment to the urban unemployed or underemployed poor; Supporting skill development and training to enable the urban poor have access to employment opportunities provided by the market or undertake self-employment and Empowering the community to tackle the issues of urban poverty through suitable self-managed community structures and capacity building programmes17.
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY) has benefitted more than 250 people in the Kanakapura LPA. Almost 125 people are engaged in wage employment and 40 people are self
17
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna Website
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employed. There exist 57 groups who are benefitted under this scheme. 57 women groups have also been taken up by SJSRY. Table2.13: No of people benefitted by Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna Kanakapura Taluk
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna (SJSRY)
Employment Type
Self-employment
No of people in employment program
40
Wage employment 125
Groups
Women groups
57
57
Source: Ramanagara district book, 2011 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims at enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing hundred days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work18. The table below shows a list of benefitted people under MGNREGA. Table2.14: No of people benefitted by MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi national Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme ( MGNREGS)
Kanakapura Taluk No of people in employment program
No of persons/households working
No of families availing 100
under MGNREGS
days of employment
20098
1647
Source: Ramanagara district book ,2011
18
MGNREGA website
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Plate: Work done under MGNREGA scheme. COMPLETED WORKS UNDER MGNREGA IN K AN AK AP U R A T AL U K Water conservationan d water harvesting; 5%
Renovation of traditional water bodies; 3%
Drought proofing; 4% irrigation canals; 2% irrigation facilities; 8%
Flood controll; 33%
land development; 18%
Work related to rural connectivity enhancement,
flood
control,
water conservation and water harvesting,
renovation
of
traditional water bodies, drought proofing,
irrigation
canals,
irrigationfacilities,
land
development have been carried Rural connectivity; 24%
out under the MGNREGA. The other works; 3% Rajiv gandhi Seva Kendra; 0%
table below shows the details of works
complete
in
the
Kanakapura taluk in the financial year 2011-2012. Figure 2.21: Completed works under MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk Source: mgnrega.nic.in; work status report WORK IN-PROGRESS UNDER MGNREGA IN K AN AK AP U R A T AL U K
irrigation canals 1%
land development 11%
irrigation facilities 26%
conservationan d water harvesting 10%
completed under the MGNREGA scheme in Kanakapura Taluk. It can be seen from the figure above that 33% of the completed works
Drought proofing 14% Renovation of traditional water bodies 4% Water
A total of 923 works have been
were flood control works, 24% for
other works 12%
Flood controll 11%
rural
Rural connectivity 10%
connectivity
enhancement
and 18% for land development. Rajiv gandhi Seva Kendra 1%
The
figure
below
shows
the
distribution of „in-progress‟ works in the Taluk.
Figur2.22: Works in-progress under MGNREGA in Kanakapura Taluk ;Source: mgnrega.nic.in; work status report P a g e | 47
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The figure shows a more uniform distribution of works in the various sectors. Majority of the works are for development of irrigation facilities. Land development, rural connectivity enhancement, flood control, water conservation and water harvesting, drought proofing and renovation of traditional water bodies constituted the other major works.
PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC OFFICES Kanakapura is a class II town so public and semi-public buildings are few and dispersed. The Taluk office forms a central node around which schools, colleges, hospitals and commercial activities are centred. The BWSSB office and the BESCOM electric substation and office are the major public and semi pubic offices in Kanakapura Town.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Banks are important financial institutions that are indispensible for economic growth. Kanakapura has fairly good banking network. There are 21 nationalised banks, 5 grameen banks, one DCC and one KSCARD bank, 22 credit cooperatives and one non-credit cooperative in the LPA.
Fig2.23: Financial Institutions in the LPA BANKS AND COOPERATIVES
No of institutions
25 20 15 10 5 0
Kanakapura taluk
Nationalised banks
Grameen banks
DCC Banks
KSCARD Banks
21
5
1
1
Credit co operative societies 22
Non credit co operative societies 1
Source: Ramanagara District book, 2011
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CREDIT FACILITIES
NABARD, the apex Development Bank, has been preparing District-wise Potential linked Credit plans (PLPs), with a view to bringing about a qualitative improvement in the credit planning exercise undertaken annually by banks.
The Potential Linked Credit Plan looks at the resource endowments of the District, the present stage of development in Agriculture & Rural sectors and estimates the potentials for rural economic activities both in physical and financial terms. It also takes into consideration the present state of the infrastructure of the District, institutional support available, the policy/thrust being given to various sectors of the economy, etc. while estimating the realizable potential for various sectors.
Potential linked plan (PLP), prepared by NABARD for Bangalore Rural District projects a credit requirement of Rs.462.48 crores of which Rs.41.36 crores (9%) were for non farm sector and balance amount for other sectors.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Major strength of Ramanagara District in general, and Kanakapura taluk in particular, is derived from the reputation of Bangalore as a preferred global destination, particularly for hitech, knowledge industries and land-intensive industrial projects. The erstwhile Bangalore houses a substantial percentage of Fortune 500 Companies and other MNCs in diverse sectors such as apparel, automobile, food processing, machine tools, precision engineering, software, IT enabled services, etc. The State Cabinet has approved the Mega Plan envisaged by Bangalore Metropolitan Regional Development Authority (BMRDA) for infrastructure development of Bangalore Urban & Rural and Ramanagara Districts. Some industry groups are expected to be re-located from Bangalore (Urban) to the outskirts. The Mega Plan proposes a network of 8-lane / 6-lane 734 km. roads comprising 284 km. Satellite Towns Ring Road (STRR), 188 km. Intermediate Ring Road (IRR) and 262 km. Radial Roads, to improve connectivity to all the taluks of outer BMR.
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The existing Bangalore –Dindigal Road which passes through the Taluk has been upgraded to National Highway (NH 209) by the National Highway Authority of India and has potential for investment in industry and tourism related projects. The Bangalore International Airport is about 75 km from Kanakapura, is likely to provide a vital link to international destinations enhancing the overall economic development. The existing domestic Airport at HAL, Bangalore is 45 km away. The flow of investment into Bangalore (Urban) will be constrained due to non-availability / expensive land. Ramanagara District will be the emerging investment destination for industrial segments such as pharmaceuticals, automobiles & auto components, aerospace, apparel, food processing, machine tools, floriculture, precision components, tooling, etc., because of the proximity to Bangalore and due to the constraint on the availability of land in Bangalore Urban District. Kanakapura is known for Granite quarrying and processing and the products have export potential. Ramanagara District is covered under Agri Export Zone (AEZ) for gherkins, rose onion and flowers. The climate of the Taluk suits for cultivation of these commodities. Ramanagara District including the Taluk ranks third in milk production in the State. Continuous market availability for milk products in Bangalore Kanakapura Taluk is rich in attractive tourist spots viz, Sangama and Makedatu. Scope for improvements at Sangama and Chunche falls, construction of hanging bridge at Makedatu. Opportunity for attracting investment in good holiday resorts, recreation clubs, hotels, ethnic food courts, community / convention centers, nursing homes etc. Scope for commercial exploitation of biotechnology.
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ISSUES Agriculture is the primary activity in the LPA and the yield is high, but in order to induce population industrial base has to be created. Care has to be taken in the process to conserve precious agricultural land. Industrial activity is concentrated in the Harohalli region while activity in the rest of the LPA is extremely low. Even though earmarked provision for sericulture industries exists in Kanakapura town, its growth and productivity is slow
.
The Kanakapura Town lacks a commercial centre. There is a inadequate power infrastructure in the LPA for large industrial setup. Local entrepreneurship is lagging in the LPA. There is no perennial water source in the LPA. Ground water sources are depleting fast hence water availability is a major constraint of development. Transport infrastructure in the LPA is poor with poor maintenance of major arterial roads.
2.3 HERITAGE AND TOURISM The following table gives a list of tourism spots in the LPA.
HAROHALLI
Table 2.15: List of tourism spots in Harohalli Hobli
GP
Village
Identified cultural sites Anjaneya temple
Doddamuduwadi
Singasandra
Adishakti temple Maramma temple
Harohalli
Anjaneya temple Bandiganahalli
Maramma temple
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Basappa temple Anjeneya temple Dodamuduwadi
Adishakti temple Mugamaramma temple Venugopal temple
Kaggalahalli
Gabbadi Kaval
Sri Maruthi temple Veerabhadra temple Maruthi temple
Mudenahalli
Muguthamma temple Adishakti temple Basaveswar temple (Pyramid spiritual
Hosakote
temple) Muthurayanaswamy temple
Kaggalahalli
Church Bisilmaramma temple Maruthi temple Basaveswara temple
Gabbadi
Gabbalamma temple Maramma temple Basaveswsara temple Maramma temple
Vaderahalli
SidiKambaDoddamma temple Kollapuradamma temple
Dyavasandra
Kolliganahali
Dyavasandra
Maramma temple
ChulaknakereKaval
Baireswara temple (Chulakanabetta)
Hulugondahalli
Basaveswara temple Muthuraya temple, Cave (Hulugavi, Kardigavi)
Yadumodu
Maruthi temple Maramma temple Sri Maruthi temple
Medamaranahalli
Basaveswara temple Arunachala temple (1/1)
Harohalli
Harohalli
Hanuman temple Gopalkrishna temple
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Maramma temple Byrappa temple Marasandra
Hill stations Chulakanabetta Byrappabetta
SATHANUR
Table 2.16: List of tourism spots in Sathanur Hobli
Gram Panchayat
Identified heritage sites
Village Yadugowdanahalli
Basaveswara temple Maruthi temple
Kachavanahalli
Mahadeswara temple Maladevaralinga temple
Arekattedoddi Dalimba
Basaveswara temple
Hosahalli
Anjaneya temple Dandinadevi temple
Kadahalli
Kadahalli
Basaveswara temple Basaveswara temple
Honniganahalli
Uttarayana temple Darga
Sathanur Honniganahalli
Basaveswara temple Saslapura
Maremma temple Valamahadeswara temple Siddapajiswamy Temple
Bommanahalli
Muneswara temple Basaveswara temple Anjaneya temple
Achalu
Thotahalli
Ramadevi temple Kardimaremma temple Muneswara temple
Achalu
Basaveswara temple Gurumalleshana cave
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Narayanaswamy cave Maruthi temple Dhabaleswara temple Maremma temple Ram temple Parangi (British) bungalow Darga Sathnur
Jama masjid
Sathnur
Laxmi temple Siddappaji temple Ashur Khan (Allabigudi) Shanidevar temple Kabbalamma temple Basavanna temple Kabbalu
Kabbal
Basaveswara temple KabbalammaDurga
KASABA
Table 2.17: List of tourism spots in Kasaba Hobli
GP
Village
Budiguppe
Baradanahalli
Identified cultural sites Basaveswara temple Narasimhaswamybetta Someswara temple
Chikkamuduwadi
Chikkamuduwadi
Basaveswara temple Gangaleswara temple
Anjanawadi
Someswara temple
Chakanahalli
Cheeranakoppe
Basaveswara temple
Kallahalli
Aranakuppe
Veerabhadreswara temple
Kasaba
Maramma temple Shivanahalli
Seegekote
Basaveswara temple Anjaneya temple
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Narayanaswamy temple Chikkammana temple Aralalu
Venkataramana temple Mahadeswara temple Veerabhadraswamy temple Anjaneyaswamy temple
Shivanahalli
Kyathammana temple Dabbagulappa temple Venkataramaswamy temple
Hanumanahalli
Maramma temple
Tigalarahalli
Muttappa temple
Thammasandra
Basaveswara temple
Kallahalli
Venkteshwar temple
T.Bekuppe
Chokkasandra
Kalmath cave
Allimaranahalli
Ganalu
Anjaneya temple
Kallahalli
Doddamana temple Tungani
Aralalusandra
Basaveswara temple Masavamma temple Anjaneya temple
Rayasandra
Gavigangadharayya temple Maruthi temple Benati temple Someswara temple Maramma temple
Tungani
Gopalswamy temple Telamangalamma temple Shanimahatma temple Arasamma temple Anganaya temple Basaveshwar temple
Ramapura
Mahadeshwar temple Dandinmaramma temple
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UTTARAHALLI
Table 2.18: List of tourism spots in Uttarahalli Hobli
GP
Villages
Identified Cultural Heritages Patalammatemple – 19 Anjaneyatemple (GramaTana)
Kaggalipura
Kaggalipura Basaveswaratemple (18) Anjaneyatemple Anjaneyatemple Uttari Basaveswaratemple Venkataramaswamytemple Anjaneyatemple Basavannatemple
Somanahalli
K.Chudahalli
Kabbalammatemple Chellapuradammatemple Marammatemple
Uttarahalli
Jeevalammatemple Anjaneyatemple Nelaguli
Muttalammatemple Siddeswaratemple Anjaneyatemple (GramaTana) Maramma temple
Nettigere Pattaladammatemple Muneswaratemple - 103 Gundanjaneyatemple Ravugodlu Uttarayaswamitemple
Taralu
Somanahalli
Anjaneyatemple
Thattaguppe
CarmelMatheDevalaya (GramaTana)
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KONDHARAMAR TEMPLE
KABALAMMA TEMPLE
KABALAMMA TEMPLE
SANGAM
CHENNEKESAVA TEMPLE
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CHAPTER 3
HOUSING AND URBAN POOR 3.1 HOUSING INTRODUCTION Housing comprises the largest land use component in any urban planning. Further, it is a multifaceted and multi-dimensional activity. Today it is understood that housing transcends much beyond the concept of physical planning parameters and embraces socio-economic components as well. Good housing is linked to good health and nutrition, better employment opportunity, better living and quality of life.
Housing is certainly a basic human need. No single type of housing can serve the varied needs of today‟s diverse households. Whether a home owner or renter, senior citizen, school aged child or disabled adult, all residents need an affordable, comfortable and safe place to live. A place is better to live and work when a variety of appealing and affordable housing options exist.
Affordable housing has a positive impact on educational outcomes, health, and wealth accumulation. Hence housing initiatives must be viewed in the back ground of overall economic development and the needs of the people. The State Housing Policy aims to provide “Affordable Housing for All”. The poorer sections of the society often do not have access to formal land markets and access to financial institutions. Supplementing the condition is the severe mismatch of demand and supply arising from dynamic socio-economic conditions and inadequate land policies which make affordable housing scarce.
Providing housing is not limited to provision of a built structure. The Karnataka Housing and Habitat policy, 2009 therefore advocates a „Habitat‟ approach to housing, which translates into access to basic services such as water, sanitation, clean fuel, electricity, healthcare, education and livelihood. Hence the aspects of water supply, sanitation and waste disposal should be taken into account during spatial planning of residential areas.
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RESIDENTIAL LAND USE IN KANAKAPURA LPA The area under residential land use in the major settlements in the Kanakapura LPA is shown in the table below. The total area under residential Landuse in Kanakapura LPA is 550.87 Ha which is approximately 1.34% of the total area. However, majority of the LPA is undeveloped; hence the developed residential area forms 6.8% of the total developed area.
Table3.1: Existing area under residential land use in major settlements in the Kanakapura LPA Major settlements in Kanakapura LPA
Area under Residential land use (Ha)
Percentage of total land under conurbation limit
Harohalli
172.94
3.78%
Kanakapura TMC
325.91
11.86%
Sathanur
92.31
4.68%
Kaggalipura
132.65
6.17%
Total
550.87
1.34%
Source: Landuse survey HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Household size: Ramanagara District 9+ members 1 member 2 member 3% 5% 11% 6-8 member 17% 3 member 17%
5 member 17% 4 member 30%
It can be seen from the figure that the average household size in the district is 4, represented by 30% of the total households. There are about 17% of 3 members, 6-8 member and 5 member households and 11% of 2 member households. The average household size in the district is 3.72. It can be seen that 63% of the population
have household size of 4 and below, which might be a result of migration in the Bangalore Region from other parts of the state.
Figure3.1: Distribution of Household size in Ramanagara district; Source: Census 2011 P a g e | 59
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NUMBER OF HABITABLE ROOMS
The No of habitable rooms: Ramanagara District Four room Five room Three room 3% 1% 9%
figure
below
shows
the
distribution of houses by no of
Six rooms and above 0%
habitable rooms 1 . It can be seen that majority of the houses (40%)
No exclusive room 21%
are one room houses. 26% of the houses are two room houses while
Two room 26%
9% are three room houses. 21% of the
One room 40%
houses
however
have
no
exclusive rooms. 60% of the population has one or no exclusive rooms, which suggests
low „habitable rooms per person‟. „Habitable rooms per person‟ is an important housing indicator, the present data suggests poor housing condition.
Figure3.2: Distribution of households by habitable room Source: census 2011
FLOOR MATERIAL The distribution of households by
Flooring Material:Ramanagara DISTRICT
flooring material in Ramanagara Mosaic floor tiles 8%
Others 0%
district shows that 68% of the Mud 22%
Wood/bamboo 0%
houses have cement floors, 22%
Burnt stick 1% Stone 1%
Cement 68%
have mud flooring while 8% have mosaic floor tiles. Stone, burnt stick, wood and bamboo constitute minor proportions of the flooring material. Hence majority of the houses are of pukka character.
Figure3.3: Distribution of households by flooring material ; Source: census 2011
1
Census 2011 data was available for Ramanagara District level only
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WALL MATERIAL
The figure below shows
Wall Material-RAMANAGARA DISTRICT Others 0%
Concrete 5%
Plastic/Polythen e 0%
Grass/Thatch 4%
the
distribution of houses by wall material. It can be seen that 51% of the houses have burnt bricks
Mud/Unburnt brinks 29% Burnt bricks 51%
as wall material while 29% have mud/un-burnt bricks as the wall material. 11% of the houses have
Stone 11%
Wood 0% G.I. sheets/metal/as bestos sheets 0%
walls made of stone
Figure3.4: Distribution of households by wall material
Source: census 2011
ROOF MATERIAL
The major roofing materials in the district are grass/thatch, plastic/polythene, tiles, brick, stone/slate, G.I. sheets/metal/asbestos sheets etc. It can be seen from the figure below that 49% of the houses have Roofing Material-RAMANAGARA DISTRICT Others; 0% Grass/Thatch; 10%
Plastic/Polythen e; 0%
Concrete; 16% G.I. sheets/metal/as bestos sheets; 22%
tiles
materials,
their
while
16%
of
the
roofing
22%
G.I./metal/asbestos
have sheets.
houses
have
concrete roofs, while 10% have grass or thatch. Plastic, stone Tiles; 49%
and slate also constitute the roofing
Stone/slate; 3%
as
material
in
minor
proportion of the houses.
Brick; 0%
Figure3.5: Distribution of households by roofing material Source: census 2011
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AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES
The figure below shows the distribution of houses in Ramanagara district by the availability of facilities. It can be seen that 75.3% of the houses avail bathroom facility, 10.2 have bathroom enclosure without roof and 14.5% have no bathroom. 54.6% of the houses have open drainage, 13.4 % have closed drainage while 32% houses have no drainage facility. Kitchen facility is available for 88.8% of the houses, 7.6% of the houses have no exclusive cooking space while 3.3% cook in open.
AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES IN HOUSEHOLDS: RAMANAGARA DISTRICT 100
no of households
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bathroom RAMANAGARA DISTRICT
Bathroom no enclosure bathroom without roof
75.3
10.2
14.5
closed drainage
open drainage
no drainage
kitchen available
cooking inside house
13.4
54.6
32
88.8
7.6
cooking in no cooking open 3.3
0.3
Figure3.6: Distribution of households by availability of facilities Source: census 2011 HOUSING TYPOLOGY The houses in the LPA are predominantly of permanent nature. Single and double story houses are predominant, though three and four story houses are also frequent in a few pockets. Most of the houses are self-owned plotted developments. The plate below shows the major housing types in the LPA.
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Mud walled thatch roofed
Plotted developments
Mud walled – tile roofed Low rise apartments Mud walled – tin roofed
Plate: Housing types in Kanakapura ORGANISATIONAL SETUP The principal housing supplier in Karnataka is the Department of Housing which consists of three departments through which the various schemes are implemented. The table below shows the institutional setup in the housing sector.
Table3.2: Organizational setup in the housing sector Source: www.housing.kar.nic.in
Departments Department of Housing,
Rajiv Gandhi Rural Housing
Govt. of Karnataka
Corporation Ltd (RGRHCL)
Housing Schemes
Rural Ashraya Housing Scheme including Navagrama Housing Scheme and the Pilot
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scheme of GPHP. Urban Ashraya Housing Scheme. Rural and Urban Ashraya Sites Schemes Dr.Ambedkar Housing Scheme Neralina Bhagya Housing for Special occupational groups Gram Panchayat Housing scheme Navagrama Housing Scheme Karnataka Housing Board
“Hundred Housing Schemes” programme
(KHB)
Chief Minister‟s Model town Housing programme Slum Improvement
Karnataka Slum
Site and Services programme
Development Board (KSDB)
Nirmala Jyothi Scheme Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna
HOUSING SCHEMES IN KANAKAPURA LPA ASHRAYA SITES SCHEME AND ASHRAYA HOUSING SCHEME
The Ashraya scheme is a housing scheme introduced by the Govt. of Karnataka to aid people in economically weaker section, in both urban and rural areas to avail improved housing through financial assistance in the form of loans and subsidies. The maximum value for financial assistance including both loan and subsidy is 20,000 in rural areas and 25,000 in urban areas. Under the Ashraya rural housing sites scheme free house sites may be distributed to the houseless beneficiaries of the EWS in rural areas. The tables below shows a list of housing sites allotted and houses constructed under Ashraya scheme in Kanakapura Taluk.
Table3.3: Housing sites allotted under Ashraya Scheme in 2010 -11 Kanakapura Taluk Sites allotted
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
174
119
Others
Total
769
1062
Source: Ramanagara District Book Table3.4: Houses constructed under Ashraya Scheme in 2010 -11 Kanakapura Taluk
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
Others
Total
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Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Houses
Constructed
Under
Chapter 3 | Housing and Urban poor
Ashraya
Scheme (2010-11)
153
12
452
617
Source: Ramanagara District Book It can be observed that a total of 1062 sites have been allotted under the Ashraya scheme. 174 sites have been allotted to scheduled castes and 119 to scheduled tribes, while the rest have been allotted to other castes. 617 houses have also been constructed under these schemes. 153 houses have been for scheduled castes, 12 for scheduled tribes and 452 for others.
INDIRA AWAS YOJANA
Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Rural Development to provide houses to the poor in the rural areas. The objective of the Indira Awaas Yojana is primarily to help construction/up gradation of dwelling units of members of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers, minorities in the below poverty line category and other below poverty line nonSC/ST rural households by providing them a lump sum financial assistance.
Table: Houses constructed under IAY in 2010 -2011 Source3.5: Ramanagara district book Kanakapura Taluk Houses constructed under IAY in Kanakapura Taluk
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
487
133
Others
Total
428
1068
DR. B.R.AMBEDKAR SCHEME
Ambedkar Housing scheme is an initiative for providing housing to the economically weaker section and the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in rural areas. Under this scheme a maximum financial assistance of 20,000 may be provided for construction of houses.
Table3.6: Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010 -2011
Houses
Constructed
B.R.Ambedkar Scheme
Under
Scheduled Caste
Scheduled Tribe
Total
45
7
52
Source: Ramanagara district book P a g e | 65
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SPECIAL HOUSING SCHEME FOR FISHERMEN Houses have also been constructed under ‘Special Housing Scheme for Fishermen’ in the LPA. A total of 4 units have been constructed according to government data , hence it can be assumed that the impact of the scheme in the LPA is considerably low.
Table3.7: Houses constructed under special scheme in 2010 -2011 Kanakapura Taluk Houses Constructed Under Special Scheme For Fishermen
Scheduled
Scheduled
Caste
Tribe
2
2
Total
4
Source: Ramanagara district book INTEGRATED HOUSING AND SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
The basic objective of Integrated Housing and Slum Development programme is the holistic slum development with a healthy and enabling urban environment by providing adequate shelter and basic infrastructure facilities to the slum dwellers who do not possess adequate shelter and reside in dilapidated conditions as identified by the Urban Local Body.
Table3.8: Features of IHSDP Housing
Physical Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
• Water Supply
Component
Only in-situ housing provision of 25
• Roads
sq. m
• Drains
•
plinth area with two rooms, kitchen
• Community Toilet
Kendra
and toilet at a cost of Rs.80,000/-
• Community Bath
• Community Centre
per unit
• Street Light
Community
Seva
• SWM It was decided that 20% beneficiary Contribution
contribution to be considered for all
20% contribution from
categories of population of all the
state /ULB
20% contribution from state /ULB
towns.
The sharing of fund between Central Government and State Government/ ULB/ Parastatal is 80:20. Under the ISHDP scheme, 720 units have been constructed in Kanakapura LPA.
Table3.9: houses Constructed under IHSDP Town
No of units
Kanakapura
727
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3.2 HOUSING SHORTAGE The total no of census houses in Ramanagara district is 3,51,784 out of which 33,840 are vacant and 3,17,944 are occupied. The total population of Ramanagara district is 10,82,739 2. The number of households in the district is 2,35,378 3. It can be seen that housing shortage does not exist in terms of number of houses as per census data of Ramanagara District; hence primary housing survey is required to estimate the housing shortage in the LPA. However, census data suggests that the „housing indicators‟ performance (facilities in dwelling unit, no of habitable rooms per person‟) in the LPA is poor, implying poor condition and congestion in dwelling unit which is an indicator of housing shortage. There is an increasing trend of township development in the LPA. Private developers have entered the housing market with elaborate housing schemes. Residential townships are presently under construction near Kaggalipura and Harohalli in properties abutting the NH 2094. Needless to say, industrial development and proximity to Bangalore will increase population in the LPA and would augment the current trend of residential township development.
Plate: Upcoming housing projects in Kanakapura LPA
3.3 URBAN POOR AND SLUMS The total slum area in the Kanakapura LPA is 16 Acres and 31 gunta. There are 13 slums in total out of which only 8 are registered. The ownership and the details of the declared slums are specified in the table below.
2
Census 2011, source – census2011.co.in Assuming a household size of 4.6 for Karnataka according to National Health Survey 2007 4 Primary Survey 3
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Table3.10: Declared slums in Kanakapura TMC Slum
Ward No
Status
Population
1. Kurupete
21
Declared
551
2. Budhigere
1
Declared
250
Declared
394
3. Kotehalla 4. Maharaja Katte
16
Declared
370
5. Mele Kote - Vinayaka Nagar
12
Declared
510
Declared
614
Declared
352
Declared
610
6. Jaya Prakash Nagar 7. Behind KSRTC Bus Stop
1
8. Megalu Harijana Colony 9. Degulamatha Road
1
Identified
350
10. Ajeez Nagar
16
Identified
2950
11. Behind IPP Hospital
10
Identified
1700
12. Indira Nagar
16
Identified
1350
13. Thotihola
16
Identified
435
TOTAL
10436
Source: Ramanagara District Book, 2010-2011
Plate: Kurupete slum, Kanakapura Town
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ISSUES 1. PROVISION OF HOUSING FOR INDUCED POPULATION: Induced population constitute a major proportion of the future population of the LPA. As such, the present housing supply is inadequate for the future growth scenario.
2. CONDITION OF DWELLING UNITS: Condition of dwelling unit is poor in many parts of the LPA. As such they would not contribute to the housing stock in future. 3. Low „habitable rooms per person‟ in the LPA suggesting housing shortage.
4. SLUM IMPROVEMENT: Slum Improvement Schemes have to be introduced in the LPA to recognise the slums and provide for their upgradation.
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Chapter 4 : Existing landuse and Transportation
CHAPTER 4
EXISTING LANDUSE AND TRANSPORTATION 4.1 EXISTING LAND UTILISATION The Kanakapura LPA is comprised of part of the Kanakapura Taluk and the Bangalore South Taluk. It is a part of the Ramanagara district. The major growth nodes in the LPA are Kanakapura town, which is a class III census town, Harohalli which has been identified as an industrial growth node due to its spatial proximity to Bidadi and Ramanagaram town, Sathanur which has been identified as a potential growth centre and is the location of the upcoming township and Kaggalipura in the north, which has the potential of being developed into the fourth node in the LPA. Besides these nodes the rest of the LPA has sparse development, as their economic mainstay is agriculture.
Tables below show the existing land utilisation and landuse in the LPA.
Table 4.1: Existing land utilization in the LPA, 2012 AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
DEVELOPED/BUILT UP AREA
2565.92
25.66
6.22%
AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES FOREST TOTAL
36517.12 1249.86 945.10 41278
365.17 12.50 9.45 412.78
88.47% 3.03% 2.29% 100.00%
LANDUSE
Table 4.1 A: Existing land use in the LPA, 2012 LANDUSE RESIDENTIAL(including Gramthana) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PARK & OPEN SPACE PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION VACANT LAND SUB TOTAL AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES FOREST GRAND TOTAL
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
2299.52
23.00
89.62%
21.95 11.64 59.71 13.82 48.64 105.13
0.22 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.49 1.05
0.86% 0.45% 2.33% 0.54% 1.90% 4.10%
5.51 2565.92 36517.12 1249.86 945.10
0.06 25.66
0.21% 100%
365.17 12.50 9.45 412.78
-
41278
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EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: KANAKAPURA TOWN The total area of the Kanakapura Town developed area is 3.13 sqkm. The table below shows the existing land use of Kanakapura is shown in the table below.
Table4.2: Existing Land use distribution in Kanakapura Town, 2012 LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
216.31
2.16
68.90%
COMMERCIAL
14.92
0.14
4.75%
INDUSTRIAL
2.21
0.02
0.70%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
22.44
0.22
7.15%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
5.58
0.05
1.78%
PUBLIC UTILITY
8.43
0.08
2.69%
TRANSPORTATION
43.83
0.43
13.96%
VACANT LAND
0.21
0.02
0.07%
313.94
3.13
100%
GRAND TOTAL
Residential land use
The Residential area contributes to around 68.90 per cent of the developed area. These are mainly concentrated in wards 3 to 9. The older areas have higher density when compared to the new extensions. These wards have organic growth pattern with irregular plot sizes and irregular pattern of roads. The newer extension shows a regular grid iron pattern of growth. Commercial Land Use The Commercial area is only 4.75 per cent of Kanakapura; commercial activities are along the NH and SH passing through the town. These commercial establishments cater to the day to day needs of
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the people and mostly consist of petty shops. Other daily commercial setups are distributed sparsely in various wards. Most of the main roads have developed mixed land use. Industrial Land use There is negligible (less than 1 per cent) industrial area in the town. This mostly includes the silk industries, small scale industrial layout and granite industry. These are distributed along some main roads of the town. Public and semi-public Land use Around 7.15 per cent of the area belongs to Public & Semi Public use, which mostly consists of schools, rural college, temples, hospital and government department buildings. Most of the buildings are located along the East-West axis abutting the main roads in the central portion of the town. Smaller areas of public and semi-public use are found all along the residential areas in the form of schools and temples.
Parks/Playgrounds/Open Spaces Parks, Playgrounds & Open spaces is around 1.78percent of the total area. There are no organized parks in Kanakapura. Hence the playgrounds and open spaces some of which are burial ground contribute to the area. The area under play grounds is bare minimum. The old areas having high density do not have lung spaces. Incidental open spaces are found due to the irregular growth pattern of the town. Utilities and services Utilities and Services include water tank area, substation, etc., contributing to 2.69 per cent of the town area. Traffic and transportation The area under this land use accounts to 13.96percent of the total area of the town. The NH 209 and SH 92 form the main connectivity to the town. The road pattern shows a hierarchy of road widths varying from less than 3m lanes to 9m cross roads and 12m main roads. The condition of the roads in the old parts of the town is moderate. The location of the bus depot/terminal adds to the congestion along the road. The NH and SH have high mixed traffic flow.
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EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: HAROHALLI Harohalli is a village in the Kanakapura LPA, has a population of 12988 persons as per census 2011. The land use distribution is shown in the table below:
Table4.3: Existing Land use distribution in Harohalli, 2012 LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
74.91
0.74
69.13%
COMMERCIAL
3.60
0.03
3.32%
INDUSTRIAL
4.91
0.049
4.53%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
4.98
0.049
4.60%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
1.54
0.015
1.42%
PUBLIC UTILITY
0.00
0
0%
TRANSPORTATION
18.42
0.18
17.00%
VACANT LAND
0.00
0
0%
108.37
1.08
100%
GRAND TOTAL
Residential The above table indicates the existing land use of Harohalli conurbation area in Kanakapura LPA. Out of the total area in Harohalli, residential forms the major land use and accounts to about 69.13 percent of the total area. Transportation 17% of the land comes under traffic and transportation. The major connectivity is through the NH 209. The road widths vary according to the levels of accessibility. The KSRTC bus stand is located at the critical junction of the NH 209 and Maralwadi-Anekal road. Public and Semi Public 4.60% of the land is under Public and Semi Public use and is located along the NH 209. This land use consists of government schools, hospitals, religious buildings, hostel and gram Panchayat offices and related buildings.
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Commercial Commercial accounts for 3.32% of the total land use and most of them are daily commercials in the form of petty shops. These are mainly distributed linearly along the State Highway and the Maralwadi – Anekal road. Parks and open spaces The land under parks, playgrounds and open spaces accounts to 1.42%. Harohalli village does not have any type of organized parks or open spaces.
EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: SATHANUR Sathanur conurbation area has a population of 4698 as per census 2011 and an area of 72.27 hectares. The land use distribution is shown in the table and figure below.
Table4.4:Existing Land use pattern Sathanur, 2012 LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
47.86
0.48
66.22%
COMMERCIAL
1.43
0.14
1.98%
INDUSTRIAL
0.15
0.01
0.21%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
9.81
0.09
13.58%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
1.44
0.014
1.99%
PUBLIC UTILITY
0
0
0%
TRANSPORTATION
11.57
0.11
16.01%
VACANT LAND
0
0
0%
72.27
0.72
100%
GRAND TOTAL
The figure indicates the existing land use of Sathanur village. Out of the total area, 66.22% of land use is under Residential. The residential density is very low and the households are sparsely
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distributed. Parks, Playgrounds and open spaces account for 1.99% of the total land use. These are located next to the public and semi-public uses. 16.01% of land is under Transportation and 13.58 % of land is under Public and semi-public use, mostly concentrated along the south eastern end of the village. The public buildings include schools, PHC, religious buildings and government offices.
EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN: KAGGALIPURA Kaggalipura has a population of 12070 as per census 2011 and a developed area of 185.71 hectares. The table below shows the distribution of land use in Kaggalipura.
Table 4.5: Existing Land use distribution in Kaggalipura, 2012
LANDUSE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AREA (IN SQ KM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
74.80
0.74
40.28%
COMMERCIAL
2.00
0.02
1.07%
INDUSTRIAL
4.37
0.04
2.35%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
22.48
0.22
12.10%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
5.26
0.05
2.83%
PUBLIC UTILITY
40.21
0.40
21.65%
TRANSPORTATION
31.31
0.31
16.86%
VACANT LAND
5.30
0.05
2.85%
185.71
1.85
100%
GRAND TOTAL
The pie diagram indicates the existing land use of Kaggalipura village. Out of the total area, 40.28% of land is under Residential land use. The residential density is very low and the households are sparsely distributed. Parks, playgrounds and open spaces account for 2.83% of the total land use. 16.86% of land is under transportation and 12.10% of land is under public and semi-public mostly distributed linearly along the Kanakapura Bangalore road passing through the village. These public
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buildings include schools, PHCs, religious buildings and Government offices. Commercial accounts to 1.07% of the total developed area located along the Kanakapura road.
LAND OWNERSHIP PATTERN IN THE LPA The total area of the Kanakapura LPA is 412 sq km or 101270 Acres approximately. The total govt. land ownership is 19603 Acres. The distribution of government and private land in the LPA is shown below.
Land ownership in the LPA
total govt land; 19%
total private land; 81%
Figure4.1: Land ownership in the LPA. Source: Ramanagara District handbook
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4.2 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION: INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the transportation scenario in Kanakapura Local Planning Area. Key issues like road network and its characteristics, impact of enhanced regional connectivity due to formation of the STRR, PRR, ITRR, its potentials and drawbacks have been discussed here. 2.23%of the total area in the LPA is devoted to transportation.
REGIONAL LINKAGES ROAD LINKAGE
The Kanakapura LPA is well connected to the various urban centres of the region. It is intercepted by the NH 209 which connects Bangalore to Mysore. Traffic volume on this road is low as major traffic in the Bangalore-Mysore corridor flows through SH 17 (Mysore road). The PRR, the STRR and the IRR are proposed regional roads that pass through the LPA. The PRR is the northernmost road in the LPA which connects to NICE corridor in the north-west and the Bannerghatta Main Road in the east. The IRR connects Harohalli to Bidadi in the west and Anekal in the east. The STRR connects Kanakapura town with Ramanagaram town in the west and Anekal in the east.
LINKAGE OF IMPORTANT GROWTH NODES IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA: HAROHALLI
Harohalli is intercepted by NH209, which connects the town to Bangalore in north and Kanakapura in the south. Harohalli is connected to Bidadi by a regional road, which joins the Mysore Road (SH 17) near Bidadi town. The Anekal-Harohalli road connects it to Anekal town in the east. The Maralwadi road is another regional road in the town that connects Harohalli to Dhodda Maralwadi.
LINKAGE OF IMPORTANT GROWTH NODES IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA: KANAKAPURA TOWN
Kanakapura town is a class III census town. It is intercepted by the NH 209 which connects the town to Harohalli in the north and Sathanur in the south. The SH 3 connects Kanakapura to Ramanagara in the west and Hunasanahalli in the east. The SH-92 (Kanakapura-Sangam road) is another important regional road.
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LINKAGE OF IMPORTANT GROWTH NODES IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA: SATHANUR
Sathanur is a village that lies in the southern end of the LPA. The NH 209 connects it to Kanakapura in the north and Malavalli in the south. Sathanur is connected to Channapatna in the north and to Cauvery river valley and the elephant corridor in the south.
4.3 RAIL LINKAGE
There is no rail linkage at present in the LPA. The draft RSP 2031 however proposed a railway corridor in the region, connecting Sathanur, Kanakapura and Harohalli with Bangalore.
SEAPORT
The nearest seaport is at Mangalore, which is about 380 km and Chennai Seaport is around 415 km from Kanakapura Town. The existing Mangalore Port is an all-weather port-providing gateway for exports & import trade throughout the year.
AIRPORT
The nearest airport at present is the Bengaluru International Airport, Bangalore at a distance of about 90 kms from Kanakapura Town.
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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN KANAKAPURA LPA BUS TRANSPORT SERVICE
Major travel demand between Bangalore and Kanakapura is catered by KSRTC buses which forms the major mode of transport in the LPA. KSRTC bus stands are located in Kanakapura town, Harohalli and Sathanur. Private bus service is also present in Kanakapura Town and Harohalli connecting the villages and towns of the LPA with Bangalore.
Plate 7.1: KSRTC bus stand in Kanakapura PARATRANSIT SERVICE
Para-transit or Intermediate-transit service like Auto-rickshaw service exists in Kanakapura Town and Harohalli. Both intra-settlement and inter-settlement service is available. Organised auto stand is located in Kanakapura town beside the KSRTC bus stand.
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ROAD NETWORK AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS The total area under the Kanakapura LPA is 412 sqkm. The total area under traffic and transportation landuse is 2.23%. The table below gives a list of major road categories in the LPA.
Table4.6: Road category in Kanakapura Taluk
Sl
ROAD CATEGORY
ROAD LENGTH
MAINTAINED BY
1
National Highway
47
PWD
2
State Highway
78.5
PWD
3
Major District Roads
505.35
PWD
4
Other district roads
785.4
PWD
5
Forest roads
21
FOREST DEPT
Source: PWD, Forest Dept Kaggalipura
The National Highway (NH) 209 runs from north to south forming the major arterial road in the transport network in the LPA. The Bannerghatta Road is a major regional road that originates in Kaggalipura and connects the town to Bangalore in the east. The Agara main Road connects the town to Dinnepalya and further west. Local roads form the rest of the road network in the town.
Table4.7: Road inventory, Kaggalipura town Sl
Name of road
Hierarchy
RoW (ft)
Carriag
Metalled/
eway
Non-
(ft)
metalled
No of
Street
lanes
Lights
Foo Median
tpat h
Yes 1
NH 209
NH
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
(within municip
No
al limits) 2
Bannerghatta
Arterial
Road
Road
30
21
Metalled
2
Partial
No
No
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3
Agara Main
Sub-
Road
arterial
Chapter 4 : Existing landuse and Transportation
30
15
Partially Metalled
2
No
No
No
Source: Primary Survey
Plate7.3: Road condition in Kaggalipura
Harohalli
The National Highway running North-South forms the arterial road in Harohalli town. The AnekalBidadi road forms a major link in east-west connectivity, connecting Anekal in the east and Bidadi in the west. Local streets form the rest of the road network in the town.
Table 4.8: Road inventory, Harohalli town Sl
Name of road
Hierarchy
RoW
Carriageway
(ft)
(ft)
Metalled/ Nonmetalled
No of
Street
lanes
Lights
Median
Foot path
Yes 1
NH 209
NH
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
(within municipal
No
limits) Anekal2
Bidadi
Arterial
35
24
Metalled
2
Partial
No
No
Road
Source: Primary Survey
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Plate7.4: Road condition in Harohalli Kanakapura
Road network inventory has been carried along the major roads in the Kanakapura Town. After an initial reconnaissance survey, the following roads have been shortlisted as major roads in the town. All major roads are metalled and all roads besides the national Highway consist of two lanes. Median is present on the National Highway within the municipal limits. Streetlights are present in almost all major roads. Footpath is not present in any of the major roads in the town. The table below lists out the inventory of the major roads in the LPA.
Table 4.9: Road inventory, Kanakapura town Source: Primary Survey
Sl
Name of
Hierarch
RoW
road
y
(ft)
Carriagewa
Metalled/
y
Non-
(ft)
metalled
No of
Street
lanes
Lights
Median
Footpath
Yes 1
NH 209
National Highway
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
(within municipal
No
limits) 2
3
SH 3 NH-SH link road
SH
24
20
Metalled
2
Yes
No
No
Collector
26
20
Metalled
2
Yes
No
No
Collector
24
18
Metalled
2
Yes
No
No
Kanakapura 4
- Malagalu Rd
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Plate7.5: Road condition in Kanakapura Sathanur
The major roads in Sathanur besides the NH 209 is the Sathanur Channapatna Road which connects Channapatna to Sathanur and the Sathanur-Muthathi Road which connects Sathanur to the Cauvery river valley and the „Elephant Corridor‟ in the south. The Road network in Sathanur is composed mainly of local roads. The inventory of major roads is listed in the table below.
Table 4.10: Road inventory, Sathanur town
Sl
Name of
Hierarch
RoW
road
y
(ft)
Carriag
Metalled/
eway
Non-
(ft)
metalled
No of
Street
Media
Footpat
lanes
Lights
n
h
Yes (within 1
NH 209
NH
70
30
Metalled
3
Yes
munici
No
pal limits) Sathanur2
Muthathi
Arterial
21
18
Metalled
2
No
No
No
Arterial
36
14
Metalled
2
No
No
No
Road 3
SathanurChannapatna
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CONNECTIVITY, ACCESSIBILITY AND ROAD DENSITY The connectivity of the region is measured in terms of length of roads in km per sq km of area. The road density of the Planning area is 0.948 km per sq. km of area, compared to the national value of .115 km of road per Sqkm1.
The World Bank report for Rural accessibility index says Rural access is measured in terms of no of people within 2kms (walking distance of 20-25 min) of an all-weather road as a percentage of the total rural population. An “all-weather road” is a road that is accessible all year round by the prevailing means of rural transport (typically a pick-up or a truck which does not have four-wheel-drive). Occasional interruptions of short duration during inclement weather (e.g., heavy rainfall) are accepted, particularly on lightly trafficked roads. “The relationship between transport and poverty reduction is neither straightforward nor automatic. However it is apparent that improvements in transport have the greatest impact on poor people when made in concert with activities in other sectors. It is similarly apparent that development in other sectors will be hampered without attention to transport issues.”
Accessibility in urban areas can also be defined in terms of kilometres of road length per 1000 people. As per data, the accessibility index for Kanakapura Taluk is 4.47 km per 1000 population.
TRIP CHARACTERISTICS There is no defined Central Business District or Commercial Area in the Kanakapura Town, though commercial activities are concentrated mainly along the National Highway and the State Highway. More over the entire town has a predominant residential land use. So deriving specific trip directions is not possible. However, the KSRTC bus stand can be considered as the origin and destination of major outstation trips in the peak hours.
1
(*Source World Bank report: India, Transport at a glance)
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VEHICULAR GROWTH PATTERN As per Ramanagara district statistics 2010-2011, there are approximately 23,000 registered vehicles in Kanakapura Taluk. The table below shows the vehicular statistics of Kanakapura Taluk. The figure below shows the share of the vehicle types in the Taluk.
Table4.11: Vehicle distribution in Kanakapura Taluk SL
CATEGORY
NO OF VEHICLES
1
Goods Vehicles
1423
2
Buses
39
3
Motor Cabs
219
4
Maxi Cabs
197
5
Three Seated Vehicles
880
6
Four To Six Seated Vehicles
987
7
Two Wheelers
14212
8
Cars
2239
9
Jeeps
3
10
Omni Bus
45
11
Tractors
1251
12
Trailers
1237
13
Ambulance
1
14
Others
275
TOTAL
23008
Source: RTO
It can be seen from the figure below that, two wheelers constitute the largest share of the vehicles in the Taluk followed by four wheelers.
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Vehicles in Kanakapura
Goods vehicles Buses motor cabs
0% 1% 1%
0% 1% 0% 0%
6%
5%
maxi cabs
6%
three seated vehicles
4% 4%
10%
four to six seated vehicles two wheelers cars jeeps omni bus tractors
62% trailers ambulance others
Figure4.2: Vehicles in Kanakapura Taluk Source: RTO
FREIGHT MOVEMENT The KIADB industrial estate is the major industrial area in the Kanakapura LPA. Since the National Highway 209 is the primary regional linkage, it forms the major corridor of freight movement. Phase 1 and 2 of the Industrial Estate has been commissioned presently and occupancy of the plots is presently low2, hence the impact of freight movement on the traffic flow is not visible presently. However, with increase in the number of industries in Harohalli and development of Harohalli-Bidadi Industrial corridor, a separate freight route would be necessary, especially around the Kanakapura Town, which sees heavy traffic on the NH 209.
2
Primary Survey observation
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MAJOR ISSUES
Road hierarchy is non-existent in the road network of Kanakapura Town. As such all major traffic flows through the NH 209 and SH 3. Proper segregation of intra-settlement and intersettlement traffic is essential to ensure unhindered flow to regional traffic.
Regional Freight route originating in the industrial areas should be delineated to avoid conflict with normal traffic flow.
On street parking of two wheelers and four wheelers on NH 209, SH 3 and other major roads cause hindrance to regional traffic flow. Adequate parking facility should be provided in the commercial areas.
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Plate 7.6: Issues in LPA: Parking situation in commercial areas, inadequate road width
The regional roads in the LPA – SH3, Bannerghatta main Road, and Anekal-Bidadi Road have inadequate carriageway width and are ill maintained3. Initiative should be taken to improve the existing regional linkages of the LPA.
The National Highway has given rise to major commercial activities in the adjacent properties in Kanakapura Town. Pedestrian-vehicular traffic movement conflict is hence a major problem. Footpaths and adequate pedestrian transfer facilities are required in the areas.
3
Primary Survey observation
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CHAPTER 5
INFRASTRUCTURE 5.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE WATER SUPPLY Water supply is related to the main themes in the development agenda – poverty alleviation, environment protection, private sector led growth, participatory development and good governance. The growth process and the expansion of economic activities inevitably lead to increasing demands for water for diverse purposes of which drinking and domestic needs attains paramount importance. However this essential commodity for sustenance of life is not adequately available to a large number of people especially in the rural areas and even in parts of urban settlements. Domestic and industrial water needs have largely been concentrated in and around principal cities but with steep population hike, demand for water is increasing at a superfast pace. As a result water, which is already a scarce commodity, is going to become a scarcer commodity in future. Water quality deterioration has also set in and maintaining water quality is a foremost requirement. It is one of the most crucial elements in planning. Efforts to develop, conserve, utilize and manage this immensely important resource have to be whole heartedly made keeping the National perspectives in view. AT the same time a strong database needs to be prepared to monitor and integrate the water based activities like city planning, industrial planning and development etc. Serious wastage of water, water loss in transmission, wastage by public are also issues that need to be addressed.
SITUATION APPRAISAL: RAMANAGARA DISTRICT The figure below shows the distribution of households in Ramanagara district by the source of drinking water. According to census 2011, 80% of the households are supplied by tap water and 16% by tube wells. Smaller number of households is supplied by wells (0.7%), hand pumps (1.6%) and spring water (0.1%).
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AVAILABILITY OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE Tap-From Treated Source Tap- From Untreated source WELL- covered WELL – uncovered Handpump Tube well Spring River, canal Tanks, pond, Lake Any other source
Figure5.1: Distribution of households by availability of drinking water source; Source: HH series data, census 2011
LOCATION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE
It can also be seen from the figure AWAY 14%
above that only 29% of the households WITHIN THE PREMISES 29%
have a drinking water source in the house
premises.
Majority
of
the
households (57%) avail drinking water NEAR THE PREMISES 57%
from a source near premises, while 14% of the households avail water from a source away from premise.
Figure 5.2: Distribution of households by location of drinking water source; Source: HH series data, census 2011
SOURCE: URBAN AREAS
BWSSB supplies water to Kanakapura Town along with Bangalore. Hence there are no town level pumping, distribution and treatment facilities for the surface water source. Cauvery is the surface
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water source to the LPA. The surface sourceis Cauvery River at a distance of 10km from the town. An average of2.5 MLD of water is drawn from thesource through BWSSB pipelines.
SOI maps followed by field observations supplemented by WRDO reports, indicates that there exists many lakes and tanks network systems in the conurbation area and neighbouring villages. The ground water source includes134 borewells out of which 74 borewells are fitted with power pumpand the remaining bore wells arefitted with handpumps. A total of 1.5MLD of water is extracted from borewell sources. The present water supply to thetown is 4.8 MLD 1with per capita rate of water supply being 75-80 lpcd.
Table 5.1: Water supply source for Kanakapura TMC SL
SOURCE OF WATER
YEILD
1
Cauvery River
2.5 MLD
2
Ground Water Source
1.5 MLD
Source: CIP for Kanakapura TMC, 2007
WATER SUPPLY NORMS PRESCRIBED BY CPHEEO
The per capita domestic requirements as per norms prescribed by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development, and Govt. of India are as under:
Table 5.2: Water Supply standards CPHEEO Sl
Category
1
Towns provided with piped supply but without sewerage system
Norms for W/S (litres per capita per day)
70
Cities provided with piped supply for which sewerage system is 2
existing/ contemplated
135
Metropolitan and Mega cities provided with piped water supply 3
where sewerage system is existing / contemplated
150
1
Kanakapura Town Municipal Council website: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in
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DOMESTIC WATER DEMAND IN THE KANAKAPURA LPA
The present water demand in the Kanakapura LPA has been calculated as follows:
Table 5.3: Present Domestic water requirement in Kanakapura LPA SL
AREA
POPULATION
PER CAPITA WATER CONSUMPTION PER DAY (litres)
WATER DEMAND (MLD)
1
Kanakapura TMC
54021
135
7.3
2
Villages in LPA
126916
55
2
6.9
TOTAL
14.27
The domestic water requirement of the Kanakapura TMC @ 135 lpcd is calculated to be 7.3 million litres per day, while that of the villages is 6.9 million litres per day.
GAP IN DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY The present supply of water in Kanakapura town is 4.8 MLD while the present demand calculated according to CPHEEO norms is 7.3 MLD. As such there is a deficit in supply
DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY GAP IN KANAKAPURA TMC 2011 8 7 6 5 4
VOLUME (Mld)
3 2 1 0 PRESENT DEMAND
PRESENT SUPPLY
Fig5.3: Domestic Water Supply Gap in Kanakapura LPA
2
CPHEEO norms
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INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND
724 acres of industrial area have been proposed in the Landuse Plan of the LPA. According to the Industrial Perspective Plan, 794 Tiny and SSI Units have been proposed and 168 Large and Medium Industries have been planned. The water requirement is calculated (from existing supply at Bidadi cluster) to be 3.3 MLD for the industrial area,
WATER TREATMENT AND TRANSMISSION: URBAN AREAS
There is no water treatment plant in Kanakapura Town. The head works are located at Jakkegowdnadoddi constructed on banks of River Cauvery at a distance of about 10 KM from the town. The town doesnot have separate town level water pumping and raw water storage system for the surface water source.The BWSSB which provides water to Bangalore city also provideswater to the Kanakapura town. The treated water is distributed through the BWSSBpipelines to the service reservoirs.The borewell water is pumped by pumping stations located at Malagala road and Rural police station. The pump house at Malagala road is situated on the banks of Arkavati River. It pumps water from 3 borewells and supplies to a 75 KL sump.From there it is pumped to OHT at Chamundeshwara choultry using submersible25HP pump with 100% standby. The pump house at rural police station also has asump of 75KL and pumps water from 3 borewells by 25 HP pump with 100% standby. It is further pumped to the service reservoir.
EXISTING STORAGE CAPACITY: KANAKAPURA
There are 4 Over Head Tanks (OHTs) and 2 Ground Level Storage Reservoirs (GLSR) in the town. The total storage capacity of the reservoirs in the town is 3.05ML (2.45 ML in OHT and 1.5ML in the GLSR). The details of the service reservoirs in the town are listed in the table below.
Table 5.4: Details of existing storage reservoirs SL
LOCATION of OHT
CAPACITY (in Lakh Litres)
OHT 1
Near rural police station / Raghavendra tent house
10.00
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2
Near IB
10.00
3
Near rural police stn / Raghavendra tent house
4.50
4
Chamundershwari choultry
4.50
GLSR 1
Malagala pump house
0.75
2
Near rural police stn / Raghavendra tent house
0.75
TOTAL
30.5
Source: CIP for Kanakapura TMC
WATER SUPPLY COVERAGE: KANAKAPURA TOWN
The total length of existing distribution network in the city is 50 km. The distribution network coverage is 75% with comparison to existing road length of 67 km. The status of water supply in Kanakapura Town is shown in the table below:
Table5.5: Municipal water supply source in Kanakapura Town Source of Water
No of existing units
No of bore wells fitted with hand pumps
54
No of bore well with power pump
89
No of domestic water supply connections
5159
No of commercial water supply connections
151
No of public taps
1563
Source: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in
WATER SOURCE: VILLAGES
Surface water, tanks and ground water are the primary sources of drinking water in rural Kanakapura. The Major and Medium irrigation projects are potential sources for drinking water supplies in their respective command areas. Cauvery if the major source of drinking water in the urban areas though
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rural areas are excluded from its coverage. There is a recorded history of providing priority to tank development in each village. They were primarily meant for irrigation and as a source of drinking water. Their development was mostly done on a aquifer basis and was in a networked and cascading manner i.e. over-flow of upper (higher elevation) tank used to reach the next tank and so on until the last tank (lower most elevation) was filled. Their capacity was decided more on the basis of local needs. Geology and soil type make ground water recharge favourable in the LPA. Hence ground water is a major source of drinking water.
WATER QUALITY
With increasing industrialization, urbanization and deforestation, the quality of water resources available to mankind is deteriorating day by day. The supply of drinking water in terms of both quality and quantity is a major concern now. Out of many chemical and biological contaminants in drinking water, excess Fluoride and arsenic are of the utmost concern due to their serious health impacts. The study conducted by Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission during 1990-1992 has reported 15 States (including Karnataka) endemic for the Fluorosis. Therefore, effective surveillance and monitoring of water quality becomes very important in the state of Karnataka.
The quality of drinking water affects health of the consumers because certain bacteria and microbial diseases, toxic chemical compounds etc. can be transmitted to the human body through water. Experience has shown that community health and water quality is directly related to each other and that an improvement in the quality of drinking water supply is followed by an improvement in community's health. The „Karnataka Ground Water Quality Data‟ report3 says that out of 612 villages in the Kanakapura Taluk, 16 villages were affected with excess fluoride in drinking water while 4 villages were affected with excess Iron.
ISSUES
1. The per capita water supplied to Kanakapura Town at present is 75-80 lpcd, which is considerably lower than the 135 lpcd stipulated by the CPHEEO norms. As such there is water scarcity in the LPA. The gap between supply and demand would increase in future as shown in figure 9.3. 3
Prepared by Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency
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2. At present only 75% of the Kanakapura TMC is covered by the water supply network, whereas ideally the entire town should have access to potable water. 3. Excess fluoride (above 1.5 ppm)4 and iron in drinking water has been reported in the villages of Kanakapura posing serious threat to health. 4. Brackishness in water has also been reported in ground water in rural areas. Such characteristics of water are highly harmful for public health and should be removed by treatment. 5. Only 20% of the total population get treated water from taps. Water treatment is an important aspect of water supply 6. 14% of the population avail water from a source away from their dwelling unit. Care should be taken to provide potable water within or near the dwelling unit for the entire population. 7. Water supply system should be designed in consideration with the natural topography of the land, to assure adequate water pressure in all areas.
4
Karnataka Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency report
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DRAINAGE AND SANITATION CPHEEO suggests standards for physical level of sanitation services according to population of urban and rural centres. For sanitation, it is envisaged to achieve 100% of population coverage for Class I urban areas (population 1 lac and above), 80% of population coverage in other urban centres with provision for sewerage, sewage treatment facilities and low cost sanitation methods. However the shortfall in achieving the target is significant. According to projection of Census of India 2001, only 73.7% of the urban population has access to latrine facilities of various types and it is estimated that by the year 2025, more than 50% of the country‟s population will settle in urban areas when issue related to sanitation in urban areas will assume a very serious dimension. Needless will be to mention, sanitation has a close and direct link with environment, water supply and its cleanliness, health and hygiene. The problem of sanitation, associated with steep influx of population in urban areas, therefore needs to be addressed forth with, debated and deliberated at length, by the policy planners for the development of urban/city areas. The capital-intensive nature of sewerage system has put many roadblocks in urban planning primarily due to weak financial positions of most of the ULBs
INTRODUCTION
Efficient sewerage and sanitation system is a pre requisite for maintaining health and hygiene in society. Diseases, especially water borne diseases spread due to unsanitary conditions. Due to rapid growth of population in Kanakapura LPA, additional pressure would be created in the existing network. Hence, upgradation and extension of the system is necessary.
DRAINAGE NETWORK
The general topography of the town slopes towards the River Arkavathy which flows adjacent to the town. The total length of drains in the town is approximately 55km out of which 8km of drains is in major valley portions. 33 km of the total drains is of pukka type and 13km is kachha type. The storm water drains also receive partial sullage since the town is only partially covered by underground drainage system.
With respect to the existing road network, there is 70% coverage of storm water drains in the town.
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SEWERAGE GENERATION IN THE LPA
The sewage generation is approximately assumed to be 80 % of total net water supply has beenconsidered out of which water supplied for green areas, washing streets, Horticulture, Fire fighting would cover the ground water infiltration. Present sewage generation in the LPA is calculated as shown in the table below.
Table 5.6: Sewage generation in the LPA, 2011 SL
AREA
POPULATION
Water consumption (Mld)
Sewerage generation (Mld)
1
Kanakapura TMC
54021
7.29
5.83
2
Villages in LPA
126916
6.98
5.58
14.27
11.42
TOTAL
*Calculated @ 80% of total water supply as sewage .
UNDERGROUND SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Kanakapura Town is only partially covered by underground sewerage system. A total of 71.6 km of sewerage network is proposed to be laid to cover the entire town area. 19.28 Ha land has been acquired in Aralalu village for construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).
DISTRIBUTION OF SANITATION FACILITIES
Availability of toilet facilities in Ramanagara district Toilet facility present within premises 42%
The
below
shows
the
availability of toilet facilities in the Ramanagara district. It can be seen that only 42% of the households have toilet
Open defecation 56%
figure
facility
present
within
their
premises. 1.8% uses the community toilet Community Toilet 2%
Ramanagara district, Source: census 2011
while
42%
go
for
open
defecation.
Figure 5.4: Availability of sanitation facilities in
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Percentage of households
Availability of Toilet Facility Kanakapura taluk 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Bathroom facility Kanakapura Taluk Percentage 53.4
Bathroom facility-Rural Areas 48.1
Bathroom Toilet faciltyToilet facilty- Toilet faciltyfacilityKanakapura Rural Areas Urban Areas Urban Areas Taluk 87.4
24.8
15.6
83.6
Figure 5.5: Availability of toilet and bathroom facility in Kanakapura Taluk Source: District statistical Handbook, census 2001 It can be seen from the statistics of the Kanakapura Taluk that, 53.4% of the households in the Taluk have access to bathroom facility while only 24.8% had access to a toilet. Thus more than half the population in the LPA lives without a toilet facility. In urban areas however, 87.4% of the households have access to a bathroom and 83.6% have access to a toilet. The situation is alarming in the rural areas where only 15.6% of the households have access to a toilet.
RURAL SANITATION
Promotion of rural sanitation is being carried out through the implementation of Nirmala Grama Yojane. Providing toilet facilities to primary schools with water supply facility is also a component of the programme. Efforts have also been made to create awareness among the people on hygiene and cleanliness through the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC).
ISSUES
The critical issues for sewerage and sanitation in the Kanakapura LPA are as follows:
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1. Access to toilets in rural areas is alarmingly poor (15.6%). Abandoning of open defecation is needed not only for human health but also for economic and social development. It pollutes ground water, contaminates ground water and spreads diseases like diarrhoea and cholera. 2. Underground sewerage system has only partial coverage in Kanakapura town whereas ideally the entire town limits should be under coverage. 3. In majority of the urban area – surface drains are either absent, improperly constructed and maintained or are blocked. 4. There is lack of municipal maintenance of the drainage system. 5. Total coverage of the town area is absent.
Plate 9.1: Drainage network in Kanakapura LPA
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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
Solid waste can be defined as material that no longer has any value to the person who is responsible for it, and is not intended to be discharged through a pipe. It is generated by domestic, commercial, industrial, healthcare, agricultural and mineral extraction activities and accumulates in streets and public places. The production of solid waste in an urban area is an attribute of the socio – economic profile of the population and activities in the area. More the city is developed; more is the generation of wastes. Again, the pre dominance of the industrial and commercial land use in the city increases the generation of wastes. It is estimated that about 1, 00,000 MT of Municipal Solid Waste isgenerated daily in the country. Per capita waste generation in major cities rangesfrom 0.20 Kg to 0.6 Kg. Generally the collection efficiency ranges between 70 to90% in major metro cities whereas in several smaller cities the collectionefficiency is below 50%. It is also estimated that the Urban Local Bodies spendabout Rs.500 to Rs.1500 per tonne on solid waste for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. About 6070% of this amount is spent on street sweepingof waste collection, 20 to 30% on transportation and less than 5% on final disposalof waste, which shows that hardly any attention is given to scientific and safedisposal of waste.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste generated in a society can be classified, as per CPHEEO as follows: Residential waste:This category of waste comprises the solid wastes that originate from single and multi-family household units. These wastes are generated as a consequence of household activities such as cooking, cleaning, repairs, hobbies, redecoration, empty containers, packaging, clothing, old books, writing/new paper, and old furnishings etc Commercial waste:Included in this category are solid wastes that originate in offices, wholesale and retail stores, restaurants, hotels, markets, warehouses and other commercial establishments. Some of these wastes are further classified as garbage and others as rubbish.
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Municipal Waste:Municipal wastes include wastes resulting from municipal activities and services such as street waste, dead animals, market waste and abandoned vehicles. However, the term is commonly applied in a wider sense to incorporate domestic wastes, institutional wastes and commercial wastes. Industrial Waste:In the category are the discarded solid material of manufacturing processesand industrial operations. They cover a vast range of substances which are uniqueto each industry. For this reason they are considered separately from municipalwastes. It should be noted, however, that solid wastes from small industrial plantsand ash from power plants are frequently disposed of at municipal landfills.
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) involves management of activities associated with generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid waste.
INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Management of Industrial Solid Waste (ISW) is not the responsibility oflocal bodies. Industries generating solid waste have to manage such waste bythemselves and are required to seek authorizations from respective State PollutionControl Boards (SPCBs) under relevant rules. However, through joint efforts ofSPCBs, local bodies and the industries, a mechanism could be evolved for bettermanagement.
Assessment of industrial solid waste management problem greatly variesdepending on the nature of the industry, their location and mode of disposal ofwaste. Further, for arriving at an appropriate solution for better management ofindustrial solid waste, assessment of nature of waste generated is also essential.
Industries are required to collect and dispose of their waste at specificdisposal sites and such collection, treatment and disposal is required to bemonitored by the concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) or PollutionControl Committee (PCC) in Union Territory. The following problems aregenerally encountered in cities and towns while dealing with industrial solid waste
There are no specific disposal sites where industries can dispose their waste; Mostly, industries generating solid waste in city and town limits are ofsmall scale nature and even do not seek consents of SPCBs/PCCs ;
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Industries are located in non-conforming areas and as a result they causewater and air pollution problems besides disposing solid waste. Industrial estates located in city limits do not have adequate facilities so thatindustries can organize their collection, treatment and disposal of liquid andsolid waste; There is no regular interaction between urban local bodies andSPCBs/PCCs to deal such issues relating to treatment and disposal of waste and issuance of licenses in non-conforming areas.
SOLID WASTE GENERATION
By comparing the per capita waste generation in different Indian cities, CPHEEO has suggested norm for solid waste generation according to different activities.
Residential refuse: 0.3 to 0.6 kg/cap/day
Commercial refuse: 0.1 to 0.2 kg/cap/day
Street sweepings: 0.05 to 0.2 kg/cap/day
Institutional refuse: 0.05 to 0.2 kg/cap/day
Hence the total waste generated in the LPA can be computed as follows:
Table5.7: Solid Waste generation in the LPA Domestic Waste generated (in ton)
Non-domestic Solid waste generated (in ton)
Total waste generated (in ton)
Land fill area required 2011 (acres)
Sl.
Area
Population
1
Urban area
54021
27.01
5.40
32.41
1.97
2
Rural Area
126916
38.07
12.70
50.77
3.08
3
TOTAL
83.18
5.05
*Calculated @ .5 kg domestic waste for urban areas, @.3 kg domestic waste for rural areas and 0.1 kg non-domestic waste for the LPA The solid waste generation details of Kanakapura Municipal area at present as per Kanakapura TMC are as under
Table5.8: Municipal Solid waste management data Total Solid Waste Generation per day (in ton)
Total MSW collected (in ton)
No of vehicles for Transport and Disposal
Area of Land fill site (acres)
Percentage of houses covered under door-todoor collection
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19
16
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05
10.01
45%
Source: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in
COLLECTION, STORAGE, TRANSPORT, PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
Action plan for Solid Waste Management in the Kanakapura town has been approved and is currently in the state of implementation. Tools, equipment and vehicles have been procured as seen in the table below.
Table5.9: Tools and Equipment procurement under SWM Acti on Plan Tools, equipment, vehicle
Numbers
Tractor placers
02
60 HP tractor with dozer and backhoe
01
40 HP tractor with hydraulic trailer
01
Push cart
26
Dumper placer container
12
Long Handle brooms
640
Metal Scrapper
160
Metal Tray
160
Litter bins
10
Ghamela
32
Source: www.kanakapuratown.gov.in Information, Education, Communication (IEC) activities are carried out the TMC by engaging the Self Help Groups5. Collection: Door-to-door collection is carried out in 21 out of 27 wards. Manual scavenging does not exist in the TMC area. Secondary Collection and Transportation: Metal containers of dimension 3 cum are being used for secondary storage which is handled mechanically through tractor placers.
5
Policy on Integrated Solid Waste Management, Government of Karnataka as prescribed by the Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Corporation KUIDC for compliance by the local bodies.l
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ISSUES
1.
INADEQUATE LANDFILL SITES FOR FUTURE SCENARIO
A landfill site of 10 acres has been allocated in Kanakapura TMC. Even though it is adequate for 2011, it would be inadequate for 2031. Provision for landfill sites is also required at Harohalli, Kaggalipura and Sathanur. 2.
INADEQUATE RESOURCE
There is inadequacy of resource in terms of municipal workers, solid waste management tools and equipment in the municipality. 3.
NO WASTE SEGREGATION
Concept of segregation of waste is largely absent and people are totally ignorant about the significance and necessity of segregation of Solid waste 4.
ABSENCE OF PROPER COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT:
The process of collection, which requires substantial man and logistics management, is very poor. This coupled with lack of proper transportation has resulted in a situation wherein 50-70% of the waste is not collected at all. 5.
LACK OF AWARENESS IN GENERAL PUBLIC
There is no awareness among the general public about the solid waste management. People are not aware of the way to dispose the waste. Careless disposal of waste on streets has resulted in littering of waste.
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POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
The power supply is an important component of physical infrastructure for any city or town to work efficiently. Efficient supply of power ensures proper working of all other infrastructure facilities like water supply, sanitation etc. Based on the estimated requirements of power supply in urban area as per the new master plan of Delhi, the consumption works out to be about 2kw per household/day. The allocation of electric substations is to be done as per the population that is one 11 kV of sub-station for every 15000 population. (UDPFI guidelines) It is the general standard for all categories of towns/ cities.
DEMAND AND SUPPLY
There Kanakapura Taluk
7330
domestic
consumers in Kanakapura Taluk as
Commercial consumption 3% Industrial consumption 3% Domestic consumption 13%
are
compared consumers. I P sets 75%
to
4612
15605
commercial IP
sets
are
currently present in the Taluk. The figure below shows the electricity consumption rate in lakh units in
Others 5%
Kanakapura Taluk.
Street Light installations 1%
Figure5.6: Electricity consumption in Kanakapura Taluk (in lakh units) Source: Ramanagara district book
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5.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
Education is recognised as a fundamental human right, along with other necessities, such as food, shelter and water in The Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948). The advantages it confers on individuals and nations are multi-dimensional and multi-faceted. It sustains economic growth by providing basic as well as specialised skills that ensure increased productivity and higher per capita incomes.
Achievements in education in Karnataka have been quite remarkable, and the state is moving towards universal literacy at a steady pace. The literacy rate increased from 56.04 per cent in 1991 to 66.64 per cent in 2001
EDUCATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE LPA
According to Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka there exist 324 primary schools and 185 higher secondary schoolsin Kanakapura Taluk. The table below shows the distribution of educational facilities in the Taluk.
Table5.10: Distribution of Educational facilities in Kanakapura Taluk Source: Educational Facility
No of units in Kanakapura Taluk
Lower primary schools
324
Upper primary schools
185
High schools
74
PU colleges
15
General degree colleges (govt.)
3
General degree colleges (private)
1
Engineering Colleges
2
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The distribution of schools according to management is shown in the figure below. Distribution of schools by Management
NO OF SCHOOLS
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
Govt Schools 1424 123
Primary Secondary
Govt aided schools 31 58
Unaided schools 171 102
Figure5.7: Management wise distribution of schools Source: Department of public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka The Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka lists out the infrastructure provision in the schools in the districts. There are 946 lower primary schools, 455 upper primary schools and 106 high schools. It can be seen from the figure below that almost 80% of the schools have drinking water facility, 80% of upper primary and almost 60% of the primary and high schools have a separate girl‟s toilet. 80% of lower and upper primary schools and 60% of high schools have electricity supply. The details of the facilities can be seen from the figure below. Infrastructure Facilities in schools in Ramanagara district 1000 900
no of schools
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
RAMANA GARA Lower primary 946
Common toilet 875
625
891
Play ground 205
396
923
Compoun d walls 533
Upper primary
455
447
417
445
217
339
454
342
447
High schools
106
80
74
66
71
17
103
67
89
Girls toilet
Electricity
Ramps
Library
Drinking water 883
Figure5.8: Infrastructure facilities in schools in Ramanagara district. Source: Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka P a g e | 108
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There are 324 lower primary schools and 185 higher primary schools in Kanakapura Taluk, while the number of high schools is 74.
EDUCATION LEVEL: INDICATORS
LITERACY RATE
According to census data 2011, the literacy rate in Ramanagara district is 69.2% which is 9% higher than that of 2001. Literacy rate among men is 76.92% compared to 69.88% in 2001 an that among women is 61.33% compared to 51.22% in 2001. The average literacy rate of Kanakapura Taluk is 65.1, while that in urban areas in 80.5% and in rural areas is 62.5%. Though there has been considerable increase in the literacy rate in the region, it is abysmally poor compared to the rest of BMR. The literacy rate of Bangalore is 88.48% the figures below show the comparative data for the
Percentage of Literates
literacy rates in the district.
LITERACY RATE KANAKAPURA TALUK 100 80 60 40 20 0
KANAKAPURA URBAN
KANAKAPURA RURAL
TOTAL
AVERAGE LITERACY RATE
80.5
62.5
65.1
MALE LITERACY RATE
66.7
43.1
46.3
FEMALE LITERACY RATE
73.9
53.1
56
Figure 5.9: Literacy rate in Kanakapura Taluk Source: Census 2001
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Percentage of literates
LITERACY RATE 100 80 60 40 20 0
Total
Male
Female
Ramanagara literacy rate 2001
60.71
69.88
51.22
Ramanagara literacy rate 2011
69.2
76.92
61.3
Figure5.10: Literacy rate in Ramanagara district Source: Census 2011
Percentage of literates
COMPARATIVE LITERACY RATES: RAMANAGARA & BANGALORE
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Total
Male
Female
literacy rate Ramanagara
69.2
76.92
61.3
literacy rate Banaglore
88.48
91.82
84.8
Figure5.11: Comparison of Literacy rate in Ramanagara and Bangalore district Source: Census 2011 ENROLLMENT
According to Department of Public Instruction, Govt. of Karnataka there exist 504 primary schools in Kanakapura Taluk and 74 higher secondary schools. The enrolment rate for 2009-2010 for Ramanagara District for 1st to 10th grade is shown below.
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NO OF STUDENTS
ENROLMENT IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT- 2009-10 17,500 17,000 16,500 16,000 15,500 15,000 14,500 14,000 13,500 13,000 12,500 ENROLMENT 2009-10
CLASS 1
CLASS 2
CLASS 3
CLASS 4
CLASS 5
CLASS 6
CLASS 7
CLASS 8
CLASS 9
CLASS 10
15,546
15,813
15,543
16,093
16,464
15,910
16,642
16,403
16,963
14,152
Figure5.12: Enrolment rate in primary and secondary classes in Bangalore rural district Source: Department of Public Instruction, Karnataka. It can be seen that the enrolment after 9th grade shows a sharp decrease. The reason for such high dropout rate should be investigated. It can be absence of senior secondary schools in the villages which makes commuting an obstacle for education. It can also be absence of proper incentives which make literacy difficult.
DROPOUT RATE (age group 6-14)
According to the Ramanagara District DROP OUTS IN KANAKAPURA LPA
book, there are 40061 students in age group 6-14 in the Kanakapura No of out children out of school 1%
LPA. 417 of them were found to be out of school. The dropout rate in the LPA is 1.04%. The figure below
No of children in school 99%
shows the distribution of school children in age group 6-14 during 2010-11.
Figure9.11: Distribution of school children in age group 6-14 Source: Ramanagara District Book, 2010-11 P a g e | 111
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PUPIL TEACHER RATIO (1 to 10)
The total no of students in the LPA is 54,359 while the total no of teachers is 2124. Hence the student teacher ratio is 26:1. The ‘Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009’ states the student teacher ratio in 1st to 5th standard as 1:30 and that from 6th to 10th as 1:35. Segregated class wise and school wise data is not available, but the aggregate data meets the national standards of education.
EDUCATION SCHEMES
Akshara Dasoha Program
The Akshara Dasoha program is an initiative to provide free food to school children and improve their health and nutrition. It is anticipated that improvement of health and nutrition would automatically improve the education level and would also support the education objectives of the state. “Akshara Dasoha” program aims at providing hot cooked meals to all the children studying in 1 st to 5th standard in all the Government Primary Schools of the State. The Mission of the program is to free all the primary school children from hunger, improve their learning abilities and bring about equity.
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HEALTH
INTRODUCTION
Health status is an important indicator of the socio economic conditions of a society since it has far reaching effects across all socio economic strata. Hence commitment to improvement of health status especially among women, children and vulnerable population such as schedule casts and scheduled tribes, is an important goal of any planning process. Efficient planning requires an appraisal of the current infrastructure and policies, assessment of progress, identification of gaps and proposals to mitigate the condition.
HEALTHCARE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE LPA
Health care infrastructure in Kanakapura Taluk consists of one Taluk headquarter hospital, 22 govt. hospitals, one nursing home and 22 clinics. The table below shows the distribution of healthcare facilities in the Taluk.
Table5.11: Health care facilities in Kanakapura Taluk. Source: Ramanagara district book
Health Infrastructure Facilities
No of Units in Kanakapura Taluk
No of Beds
Taluk Headquarter Hospitals
1
50
Govt. Hospitals
22
224
Nursing Homes
1
20
Clinics
22
-
Allopathic Hospitals
1
50
Private Hospitals
1
20
Primary Health Centres
19
114
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Community Health Centres
2
60
Family Welfare Centres
19
-
Family Welfare Sub-Centres
72
-
TOTAL
538
Population of Kanakapura Taluk as per census 2001 is 3, 37,208. Hence the no of hospital seats per 1000 population is less than 2, which is much less than the standard value of 4 seats per 1000 population.
NO OF HOSPITAL BEDS PER 1000 POPULATION
5 4
4 3 2
NO OF SEATS PER 1000 POPULATION
1.59
1 0 KANAKAPURA Taluk
STANDARD
Figure5.14: No of hospital beds per 1000 population Source: Ramanagara District handbook
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HEALTH SCHEMES
The National Rural health mission has been introduced to provide universal access to equitable, affordable and quality healthcare which is responsive to the needs of the people. Initiatives for reducing child and maternal mortality, stabilising population along with gender and demographic balance have been taken.
The key features for delivery of NRHM in Karnataka includes making public health delivery system fully functional and accountable to the community, working in a mission mode, decentralised planning, delegation of power, human resource management, community involvement, rigorous monitoring and evaluation against standards, convergence of health related programs and flexible financing.
The NRHM program has five distinct agenda
Promotion of maternal and child health: Maternal ill health and death impacts families, communities and societies and has far reaching impacts across all socio-economic strata. Promotion of maternal and child health is an important objective of NRHM, since mother hood encompasses reproductive health, family planning, pregnancy, childbirth, infant and maternal mortality.
In view of the above goals, an umbrella scheme has been initiated called the “Thayi Bhagya” scheme which consists of three sub schemes – Janani Suraksha Yojna, Prasooti Araike and Madilu.
Under Janani Suraksha scheme, poor pregnant women are given financial and institutional assistance through a decentralised medical infrastructure system. Prasooti Araike is also a part of the maternal healthcare program in which health care and check up facilities are provided to women. Madilu is another scheme that was devised to encourage women to deliver in hospitals for which they would be entitled to medical kit for the baby and the mother. P a g e | 115
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Child health care: Health and well being of children during their intra-uterine period, toddler years, school age and adolescence needs intervention which is reached out through Maternal and child care programs and the public delivery system, Anganawadis, ASHAs and schools. Immunisation: It is the most cost-effective and effective intervention in public health system. Polio, DTP, BCG, Measles, TB and Hepatitis B vaccines are administered through the various PHCs and FRUs. Beside this childhood diseases and neonatal illnesses are taken care of through IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and childhood illnesses) program. Disease control program: In order to provide health care facilities to patients with diseases like AIDS, Leprosy, Tuberculosis and terminal diseases like cancer, several programs have been introduced at the Taluk level, like AIDS control program, Leprosy control program, TB control program and Cancer control program, vector disease control program etc. Inter-sectoral convergence: In additional to the above, facilities like ambulance service have also been introduced. One ambulance per 1.1 lakh population has been provided for rural areas with a maximum reaching time of 25.5 minutes. The table below shows a list of health programs in Kanakapura Taluk
Table5.12: List of healthcare programs in Kanakapura Taluk Source:Ramanagara district book Sl
Health care programmes in Kanakapura Taluk
1
Immunisation program
2
Family planning Initiative
3
Aids control Program
4
Leprosy control program
5
TB Control program
6
Cancer Control Program
7
Janani Suraksha Yojna
8
Madilu Yojna
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Chapter 6 : Environmental Issues
CHAPTER 6
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 6.1 POLLUTION: GENERATION AND CONSEQUENCES AIR POLLUTION
There is no formal report on air quality in Kanakapura. However approximately 6000 Ha of industrial area has been proposed in the master plan 2031 out of which manufacturing consist of almost fifty per cent. Hence, air pollution might be a reality in the area in near future. Proposals have been made in the master plan for action for prevention of industrial pollution.
SOIL EROSION
Kanakapura has good quality agricultural land within its limits which would transform into urbanised land due to growth pressure. Sustainable agricultural practices should therefore be adopted in the remaining agricultural land form maximising and sustaining productivity.
6.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING Rainwater system is an alternative plumbing system that helps to conserve our limited water supply. Currently, most of us use clean drinking water straight from the tap to water our gardens. Rainwater system gives another water choice for irrigating and can save money. Using non-potable water to irrigate your gar-den can also help replenish local aquifers.
Rainwater harvesting is collected precipitation from rooftops and other above-ground impervious surfaces that is stored in catchment tanks for later use. Rainwater harvesting systems can range from a simple barrel at the bottom of a downspout to multiple cisterns with pumps and filtration. The harvested rainwater is low in sodium and chloramine and fluoride free.
There are two main types of rainwater harvesting systems that vary in complexity, volume of water stored and permitting requirements.
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Rain Barrel A rain barrel system is a simple rainwater collector that captures and stores a portion of the runoff from a roof downspout. A hose attached to the bottom of the rain barrel can be used to irrigate your garden. A rain barrel will only capture a small fraction of the rainwater that flows off your roof, the rest of the runoff will still need to drain to a safe overflow location.
Cisterns Cisterns are larger systems that can hold much more water and may include pumps to move the rainwater to the garden. More complex systems can involve plumbing and electrical work, soil excavation or other structural work. For rainwater collection projects of this scale, consult a professional to review design, construction and safety considerations. Permits and zoning certificates are required for cistern systems.
Proposal has been forwarded in the Master Plan 2031 for rainwater harvesting techniques in the LPA.
6.3 DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT ISSUES Till recently, the approach to Disaster Management have been reactive and relief centric. A paradigm shift has now taken place at the national level from the relief centric syndrome to holistic and integrated approach with emphasis on prevention, mitigation and preparedness. These efforts are aimed to conserve developmental gains as also minimize losses to lives, livelihood and property. A typical Disaster Management continuum as shown below, comprising of six elements i.e., Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness in pre-disaster phase, and Response, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in post-disaster phase, defines the complete approach to Disaster Management.
Industrial hazards leading to chemical and biological disasters and fire hazard are the most prominent hazards that the LPA faces.
The
master
plan
proposes
guidelines for undertaking detail studies at the
micro
level
for
equipping
the
authorities for the same.
Fig 6.1: Disaster Management Continuum
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Chapter 7| Problems
CHAPTER 7
PROBLEMS The following issues have been identified in the Kanakapura Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center at Kanakapura Town. Commercial activities spread along NH 2. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 3. Congestion on the NH, especially along the Bus Stand. 4. Lack of road hierarchy. 5. Inadequate connectivity. 6. No separate freight route. 7. Presence of slums within town municipal limit. 8. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 11% residential area exists. 9. Landfill site of 5 Ha required for 2031. 10. P&SP area of 90 Ha required for 2031. 11. Protection of valley area of Arkhavathy river is required. 12. Lack of Park and Open Spaces in the urbanised area. Presently 0.24% park and open space exists.
The following issues have been identified in the Harohalli Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 2. Lack of road hierarchy. 3. Inadequate connectivity. 4. No separate freight route. 5. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 4.29% residential area exists.
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6. Landfill site of 6 Ha required for 2031. 7. P&SP area of 60 Ha required for 2031. 8. Lack of Park and Open Spaces in the urbanised area. Presently 0.13% park and open space exists.
The following issues have been identified in the Kaggalipura Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center. 2. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 3. Lack of road hierarchy. 4. No separate freight route. 5. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 5.9% residential area exists. 6. Landfill site of 6 Ha required for 2031. 7. P&SP area of 40 Ha required for 2031. 8. Lack of Park and Open Spaces. Presently 0.43% park and open space exists.
The following issues have been identified in the Sathanur Conurbation Area
1. Lack of commercial center. 2. No segregation of inter settlement and intra settlement traffic. 3. Lack of road hierarchy. 4. No separate freight route. 5. Requirement of additional Residential area for population in 2031. Presently 4.26% residential area exists. 6. Landfill site of 10 Ha required for 2031. 7. P&SP area of 40 Ha required for 2031. 8. Lack of Park and Open Spaces. Presently 0.13% park and open space exists.
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Chapter 8 |Visualising the Future
CHAPTER 8
VISUALISING THE FUTURE 8.1. INTERIM MASTER PLAN POPULATION PROJECTION - 2021 As per the approved Interim Master Plan 2021, the total population in the LPA as projected at 11.22 lakhs. However the projection has been based on the census 2001 data. The population for Master Plan 2031 has been estimated using census 2011 data. It also takes into account the growth trends in the region. The IMP recognises four important growth nodes in the LPA – Kaggalipura, Harohalli, Kanakapura and Sathanur. The following are the landuse statistics of the four conurbations in the Interim master Plan 2021.
Table 8.1: IMP landuse analysis – Kaggalipura and Harohalli - 2021 LANDUSE
KAGGALIPURA AREA (sqkm) PERCENTAGE
HAROHALLI AREA (sqkm) PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
12.31
56.9
10.68
32.0%
COMMERCIAL
1.19
5.5
0.68
2.0% 21.4%
INDUSTRIAL
0.21
1.0
7.14
PUBLIC/SEMI PUBLIC
3.78
17.5
0.85
2.5%
PARKS/ PLAYGROUNDS
1.53
7.1
4.70
14.1% 2.1%
UTILITY AND SERVICES
0.19
0.9
0.69
TRANSPORTATION
2.01
9.3
2.96
8.9%
QUARRIES
0.00
0.0
0.44
1.3%
LAKES/TANKS/RIVER
0.40
1.9
1.53
4.6%
0.0
3.68
11.0%
AGRICULTURE
0.00
TOTAL
21.62
33.35
Table 8.2: IMP landuse analysis – Kanakapura and Sathanur - 2021 LANDUSE
KANAKAPURA AREA (sq km) PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
10.82
COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL
SATHANUR AREA (sq km) PERCENTAGE
43.0%
7.18
38.0
0.56
2.2%
0.68
3.6
3.82
15.2%
7.81
41.3
PUBLIC/SEMI PUBLIC
1.27
5.1%
0.68
3.6
PARKS/ PLAYGROUNDS
4.27
17.0%
1.02
5.4
UTILITY AND SERVICES
0.23
0.9%
0.06
0.4
TRANSPORTATION
2.92
11.6%
1.38
7.3
QUARRIES
0.55
2.2%
0.00
0.0
LAKES/TANKS/RIVER
0.71
2.8%
0.07
0.4
AGRICULTURE
2.34
8.5%
0.00
0.0
TOTAL
27.49
18.90
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8.2. POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN KANAKAPURA LPA POPULATION GROWTH IN KANAKAPURA LPA
The Kanakapura LPA is composed of 85 villages and 1 town. The present population of the LPA villages (census 2011) is 126,916. Total population of the LPA, including Kanakapura TMC is 180,931. The figure below shows the population growth in the LPA from 1961 to 2011.
Population growth in Kanakapura LPA 200000 180000 160000
Population
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Kanakapura LPA
1961 83194
1971 95887
1981 125993
1991 151998
2001 170278
2011 180937
Figure 8.1: Population in Kanakapura LPA Source: Census 2011 Table 8.3: Population growth rate in Kanakapura LPA Year
Decadal growth rate
Annual growth rate
1991-2001
12%
1.2%
2001-2011
6.25%
0.6%
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POPULATION GROWTH IN KANAKAPURA TMC
Kanakapura Town or TMC is the only urban settlement in the Kanakapura LPA. It has an area of 7.31 sq. km1. The table below shows population in Kanakapura TMC from 1961 to 2011. The present population of the TMC is 54,021. Population growth in Kanakapura TMC 60000 50000 POpulation
40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Kanakapura
1961 15000
1971 20000
1981 29000
1991 38000
2001 47000
2011 54021
Figure 8.2: Population in Kanakapura Town; Source: Census 2011 It can be noted that the population growth in the town is less which can be attributed to lack of economic activity and growth generators in the LPA .
Table 8.4: Population Growth rate in Kanakapura TMC Year
Decadal growth rate
Annual growth
1991-2001
23.6%
2.36%
2001-2011
14.9%
1.49%
1
Present municipal limits
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8.3. FACTORS AIDING POPULATION GROWTH The growth of the LPA would largely be dependent upon the industrial proposals in the region. However, this may not be the sole contributing factor. The other factors that are expected to affect population dispersal to the Kanakapura LPA are as follows:
Its proximity to Bangalore Development of Major roads near and passing through the LPA like the IRR passing through Harohalli, STRR ( approximately coinciding with SH3) connecting Anekal and Ramnagaram, via Kanakapura, proposed Ring road around Kanakapura, PRR passing through Kaggalipura and Uttari, Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor to the north of LPA and NH 209 passing right through the LPA by 2021. KIADB industrial estates in Harohalli-Bidadi area: The industrial estates would create employment opportunities for people in and around the region and spur development and growth in eth LPA. Availability of ground water in the region as compared to the others: The Kanakapura LPA has a higher availability of ground water as compared to the rest of the BMR since it is closer to the Cauvery region. Hence developments are more sustainable and feasible in the LPA.
The Taluk Industrial Plan for the Kanakapura Taluk envisages promoting around 800 tiny & SSI units including services. The Taluk also has potential for promotion of 168 units in large & medium sector spread over five years. These investments are likely to generate direct employment for about 60,000 persons and indirect employment to about 24,000 persons.
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8.4. POPULATION PROJECTION There are two components of projected population -
Natural Growth of the LPA
-
Inmigrating population
NATURAL GROWTH OF POPULATION IN THE LPA
The natural increase in the population has been calculated through statistical methods like arithmetic progression, geometric progression and ANGM (Annual National Growth Method). It has been observed from the data that many of the villages have a negative growth rate while some of the villages have compounding positive growth rates. The growth of the population calculated through various statistical methods is as follows:
Table 8.5: Natural growth of population calculated through various statistical methods. Statistical method used
Projected population
Arithmetic Progression
2.75 lakhs
Geometric Progression
2.72 lakhs
Annual National Growth Rate Method
2.82 lakhs
All the statistical methods adopted for projection of population in the LPA yield more or less similar results.
Table 8.6: Population projection of the villages of LPA SL
VILLAGE NAME
2021
2031
1
Cheeluru
3543
3992
2
Chikkadevarahalli
379
385
3
Jakkasandra
1741
1710
4
Keeranagere
817
930
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5
T.Hosahalli
695
668
6
Bandiganahalli
445
383
7
Bannikuppe
1374
1408
8
Bettahalli Kaval
661
844
9
Bheemasandra
345
374
10
Chulakanakere Kaval
183
219
11
Devarakaggalahalli
699
876
12
Doddamuduwadi
1151
1241
13
Dyavasandra
547
520
14
Gabbadi
2015
2174
15
Gabbadi Kaval
84
96
16
Harohalli
15628
18804
17
Hosakote
863
1017
18
Hulugondanahalli
2305
2764
19
Kaggalahalli
1269
1383
20
Maralagere
263
290
21
Marasandra
768
828
22
Medamaranahalli
1820
2181
23
Mudenahalli
1213
1286
24
Singasandra
1083
1170
25
Vaderahalli
1574
1924
26
Yadamadu
1059
1288
27
Agrahara
639
857
28
Allimaranahalli
2159
2404
29
Anajawadi
2410
2682
30
Aralalu
2042
2330
31
Aralalusandra
1396
1479
32
Aranakuppe
921
1019
33
Baradanahalli
914
947
34
Bekuppe
1321
1333
35
Cheeranakuppe
791
761
36
Chikkamuduwadi
3683
3936
37
Chokasandra
1637
2223
38
Ganalu
1444
1541
39
Hanumanahalli
1481
2146
40
Kallahalli
2148
2440
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Kanakapura (Rural)
512
416
42
Ramapura
1214
1374
43
Rayasandra
1944
2189
44
Seegekote
1650
1756
45
Shivanahalli
1845
1892
46
Thammasandra
1006
1024
47
Tigalarahalli
692
704
48
Tigalarahosahalli
1337
1424
49
Tungani
1828
1946
50
Vadedoddi
1504
1787
51
Virupasandra
2096
2424
52
Achalu
2772
3077
53
Alur
730
1004
54
Anamanahalli
726
880
55
Bommanahalli
1175
1273
56
Dalimba
1082
1108
57
Deshohalli
0
0
58
Halasinamaradahalli
405
454
59
Honniganahalli
973
986
60
Hosahalli
116
117
61
Kabbal
1144
1129
62
Kachavanahalli
1753
1832
63
Kadahalli
1149
1201
64
Kambasagara
855
909
65
Kemmale
1196
1281
66
Mudalaswamikuppe
17
16
67
Naripura
0
0
68
Sasalapura
1848
2142
69
Sathanur
5371
5806
70
Tailuru Forest
457
489
71
Thotahalli
1396
1470
72
Yadugowdanahalli
0
0
73
Alakabelalu
81
107
74
Gulakamale
2800
3427
75
K. Chudahalli
1698
2104
76
Kaggalipura
17337
24903
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77
Naganayakanahalli
973
1219
78
Nelaguli
1471
1821
79
Nettigere
2391
3096
80
Ravugodlu
1705
2123
81
Somanahalli
5578
6682
82
Sunkadakatte
86
17
83
Tharalu
1692
1906
84
Thattaguppe
3079
3749
85
Uttari
1869
2402
86
Vaddarapalya
1998
2308
87
Kanakpura TMC
78000
100100
TOTAL
225061
272932
2.8 lakhs has been considered as the natural growth in the LPA till the year 2031.
INMIGRATING POPULATION IN THE LPA
The Revised Structure Plan 2031 envisages a 70%-30% population distribution between the core and the outside by 2031. Hence the local planning areas must be planned to create job opportunities to realize the regional vision. In IMP and Provisional Master Plan 410 Ha were earmarked for KIADB 1st and 2nd Phase. New industrial areas (800 Ha) under KIADB phase III & IV has been added to the existing Industrial area in Harohalli. The Kanakapura LPA has about 450 tiny and SSI unit at present. KIADB industrial area also exists in Harohalli area. As such the Industrial Perspective Plan for the Kanakapura Taluk envisaged promoting around 800 tiny & SSI units including services till 2011. The Taluk also has potential for promotion of 168 units in large & medium sector spread over five years. These investments are likely to generate direct employment for about 60,000 persons and indirect employment to about 24,000 persons by 2011. Since, maximum potential of job creation has not been reached presently; it has been assumed that the LPA has the potential to create 80,000 jobs by the year 2031. Hence an additional 3.2 lakhs population will be inmigrating in the LPA by the 2031, out of which 1.25 lakhs is envisaged to be migrating in 2021 and rest by 2031. P a g e | 128
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Hence the total projected population in the LPA till the year 2031 is as follows.
Table 8.7: Projected population in Kanakapura LPA 2031 POPULATION 2031 Natural Increase in the LPA in 2031
2.8LAKHS
In migrating population in the LPA in 2031
3.2 LAKHS 6LAKHS
PROJECTED POPULATION 2031
Hence 6 lakhs has been taken as the projected urban population in the LPA till the year 2031.
DISTRIBUTION ION OF POPULATION There are four important growth centres in the LPA – Kanakapura, Kaggalipura, Harohalli and Sathanur. The urban population in the LPA has been distributed in these growth centres which includes natural growth and inmigrating population. The table below show the distribution of population in the four growth nodes and the villages of the LPA.
Table 8.8: Distribution of population in the four growth nodes AREA
POPULATION IN 2031
Kaggalipura
1,50,000
Harohalli
1,80,000
Sathanur
90,000
Kanakapura
1,80,000
TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 2031
6,00,000
IMP 2021
8,00,000
A population 6lakh will be accommodated in the four urban areas and a population 90,000 will be accommodated in the villages in the agricultural zone.
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A township has been proposed at Sathanur by the BMRDA to host textile and apparel industries. The township would accommodate a population of 3.2 lakhs. The master plan proposals do not take into account the population of the township since facilities would be planned separately for it.
PROJECTED POPULATION IN KANAKAPURA LPA 700000 600000 600000 500000 400000
350000
300000
280000 151998
200000 100000
95887
83194
170278
125993
180937
225000
0 1961
1971
EXISTING POPULATION
1981
1991
2001
2011
PROJECTED URBAN POPULATION
2021
2031
NATURAL GROWTH
Figure 8.3: Projected urban population in Kanakapura LPA 8.5 AREA REQUIREMENT The requirement of area is calculated on the basis of 53 pph gross density to accommodate the projected population of 6 lakhs in the four conurbations.
Table 8.9: Population in Kanakapura LPA 2021, 2031 YEAR
POPULATION
TOTAL URBANISABLE AREA (@53 pph)
2031
6,00,000
11233.27Ha
The total urbanisable land required by the year 2031 is 11233.27Ha (@ 53 persons per Ha gross density)
PROPOSED LAND UTILISATION STATISTICS
The overall statistics of the LPA as per proposal of Master Plan 2031 is given in the table below. The total conurbation area is 11233.27Ha excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks as shown in the table below.
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Table 8.10: Conurbation area statistics-2031 Category
AREA (In Ha)
TOTAL URBANISABLE AREA IN THE LPA*
11233.27
DEVELOPED AREA BETWEEN KAGGALIPURA - HAROHALLI
204.42
AREA BEYOND CONURBATION
29840.30
TOTAL LPA
41277.99
*Excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks and quarries
8.6 POPULATION DENSITY 2031 There are four important growth centres in the LPA – Kanakapura, Kaggalipura, Harohalli and Sathanur. The urban population in the LPA has been calculated for these growth centres which includes natural growth and inmigrating population. The table below show the distribution of population and the density in the four growth nodes.
Table 8.11: Distribution of population and area in the four growth nodes POPULATION IN 2031
Conurbation area (Ha)*
Gross Density (pph)
Kaggalipura
1,50,000
2211.56
68
Harohalli
1,80,000
4348.77
41
Sathanur
90,000
1880.77
48
Kanakapura
1,80,000
2792.17
64
TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 2031
6,00,000
11233.27
53
AREA
IMP 2021
8,00,000 @ 88 pph
*Excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks and quarries
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8.7 HOUSING REQUIREMENT The requirement of housing for the LPA for the year 2031 has been calculated as shown in the table below. The housing requirement of the LPA has been calculated by considering 4.5 persons per households. The total number of houses required for the LPA is 2 lakhs. The required residential area is 3500 Ha @40dwelling unit/Ha. The detail housing requirement for each conurbation has been shown in the table below.
Table 8.12: Residential Area requirement for the LPA YEAR
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL HOUSES REQUIRED
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL AREA REQUIRED ( 40dwelling unit/Ha)
By 2021
3,50,000
80,000
2000
By 2031
6,00,000
1,40,000
3500
Table 8.13: Residential Area requirement in the LPA for the Conurbations CONURBATION
RESIDENTIAL AREA 2011-2021 ( 40 houses/Ha)
RESIDENTIAL AREA 2021-2031 ( 40 houses/Ha)
TOTAL RESIDENTIAL AREA Till 2031
Kaggallipura
400
400
800
Harohalli
550
550
1100
Sathanur
350
350
700
Kanakapura
400
600
1000
TOTAL
1700
1900
3600
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8.8 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
a.
WATER SUPPLY
The total requirement of the LPA has been calculated using CPHEEO standards for domestic water supply. Total domestic water requirement in the LPA in the year 2031 is 81 MLD.
WATER SUPPLY GAP IN KANAKAPURA LPA WATER DEMAND IN MLD
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
2011
2021
2031
DEMAND
4.8
47.25
81.00
SUPPLY
4.8
4.8
4.8
Fig 8.4: Water Supply gap in Kanakapura LPA
b. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The total area required for solid waste management has been calculated based on CPHEEO norms for Municipal Waste Management. Total area requires for landfill management in the LPA till 2031 is 30 acres.
Table 8.14: Landfill Area Requirement in the LPA Category Projected Population 2031
2031 600000
Domestic Waste generated (in kg) @ 0.3 kg per capita per day
180 tonne
Non-domestic Solid waste generated (in kg) @ 0.1 kg per capita per day
60 tonne
Total waste generated (in kg)
240 tonne
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Volume of solid waste (cu m)
269 cu m
Volume of land fill required (cu m)
323 cu m
area of land fill required per day (sq. m)(20 m depth)
17 sq m
Area of land fill required per year ( in acres)
1.48 acres 30 acres
Area required till 2031
8.9 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENT
a. EDUCATION
Requirement for educational facilities have been calculated using UDPFI guidelines for urban areas. The total area required for educational facilities in each of the conurbations have been tabulated in the table below.
Table 8.15: Educational facility Requirement in the LPA Educational facility requirement Educational facility
UNITS REQUIRED
AREA REQUIRED (Ha)
Kanakapura
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Sathanur
Kanakapura
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Sathanur
72
66
66
36
6
6
6
3
72
66
66
36
6
6
6
3
24
44
27
2
38
35
35
20
Colleges @ 1/1.25 lakh population
1
1
1
1
6
3
3
3
Technical institutions @ 1/ 1000000
1
1
0
0
4
2
0
0
Nursery school @ 1/2500 population Basic primary school @ 1/ 2500 population Higher secondary school @ 1/7500 population
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ITI @ 1 / 1000000
1
0
1
0
1.4
0
1.4
0
Engineering Colleges @ 2 in urban extension
1
0
1
0
60
0
60
0
medical Colleges @ 2 in urban extension
1
0
1
0
15
0
15
0
TOTAL
136.4
52
127
30
b. HEALTH
Requirement for healthcare facilities have been calculated using UDPFI guidelines for urban areas. The total area required for educational facilities in each of the conurbations have been tabulated in the table below.
Table 8.16: Medical facility Requirement in the LPA UNITS REQUIRED Medical facility General Hospital @ 1 per 2.5 lakh population500 beds Intermediate Hospital ( category A) @ 1 per 1 lakh population 200 beds Intermediate Hospital ( category B) @ 1 per 1 lakh population 50-80 beds polyclinic @ 1 per lakh population Dispensary @ 1per 0.15 lakh population
AREA REQUIRED (Ha)
Kanakapura Town
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Kanakapura Town
Harohalli
Kaggalipura
Sathanur
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
2
2
1
1
8
8
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
.6
.6
.3
.3
10
10
10
5
1.2
1.2
1.2
.6
Sathanur
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Nursing Home @ 1 per .45 to 1 lakh population-25 to 30 beds Child Welfare & Maternity Centre@ 1 per .45 to 1 lakh population- 25 to 30 beds
TOTAL
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3
3
3
2
.6
.6
.3
.3
4
4
1
4
1
5
1
1
20
25
15
15
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PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
As per the provisions of KTCP Act 1961, the Master Plan would be put up for public display after provisional approval of the plan by the government. The issues and objection raised by the public would be then considered and included in the proposal if found feasible and for the greater good.
The RTI Act provides scope for gaining information by the public. The Disclosure Act also provides scope for discussion on the Master Plan.
8.11
S.W.O.T ANALYSIS
The SWOT analysis of the LPA has been shown below.
WEAKNESS
STRENGTH
1. High Potential for Sericulture
1. Low Ground Water Potential 2. Lack of Mass Transit System.
1. Ground Water pollution due to industrial development 2. Damage to Sericulture due to Industrial Development.
1. Industrial Incentives as per the Industrial Policy 2009-14 2. Sericulture
Incentives
per
Karnataka Vastra Neethi
THREAT
8.12
as
OPPORTUNITY
VISION 2031
The vision of the Master Plan 2031 is as follows; 1. To develop the LPA as a self-sufficient counter magnet to Bangalore. 2. To develop industrial base in the LPA for employment in the region.
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CHAPTER 9
MASTER PLAN PROPOSALS 9.1 COMPONENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN The contents of a Master Plan are elaborated in Section 12 of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act 1961. As per the act, the Master Plan should contain a series of maps and documents indicating the manner in which the development and improvement of the entire planning area within the jurisdiction of the Planning Authority are to be carried out and regulated, such plan shall include proposals for the following, namely – a. Zoning of land use for residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, educational and other purposes together with Zoning Regulations. b. A complete street pattern, indicating major and minor roads, national highways and state highways and traffic circulation pattern, for meeting the immediate and future requirements with proposals for improvement; c. Areas for parks, playgrounds and other recreational uses public open spaces, public buildings and institutions and area reserved for such purposes as may be expedient for new civic developments; d. Areas earmarked for future development and expansion; e. Reservation of land for the purposes of central Government, the State Government, Planning Authority or public utility undertaking or any other authority established by Law, and the designation of lands being subject to acquisition for public purposes or as specified in the master plan or securing the use of the landing in the manner provided by or under this Act; f.
Declaring certain areas, as areas of special control and development in such areas being subject to such regulations as may be made in regard to building line, height of the building, floor area ratio, architectural features and such other particulars as may be prescribed;
g. Stages by which the plan is to be carried out.
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9.2 MASTER PLAN OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Master Plan can be stated as follows: 1. To provide growth direction in the LPA 2. To promote industrial development in the LPA 3. To enhance linkage between the LPA with other areas of the BMR. 4. To plan for population in 2031.
9.3 DENSITY There are four important growth centres in the LPA – Kanakapura, Kaggalipura, Harohalli and Sathanur. The urban population in the LPA has been calculated for these growth centres which includes natural growth and inmigrating population. The table below show the distribution of population and the density in the four growth nodes.
Table-9.1: Density in the Growth Nodes of Kanakapura LPA Conurbation
TOTAL POPULATION
CONURBATION AREA (Ha)*
DENSITY (PPH)
Kaggallipura
1,50,000
2211.56
68
Harohalli
1,80,000
4348.77
41
Sathanur
90,000
1880.77
48
Kanakapura
1,80,000
2792.17
64
TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 2031
600000
11233.27
53
*Excluding water bodies, agricultural land, forests and hillocks and quarries
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9.4 STRATEGY FOR OBTAINING LAND FOR PUBLIC PURPOSES Development of public infrastructure like parks and playgrounds, roads and institutions require land acquisition. A conventional mode of land acquisition has been through the Land Acquisition Act of 1894. Since the process lacks definite benefits to the landowner, it has faced considerable protest in recent past. Consequently, a more democratic way of land pooling has been adopted in many of the Indian states called Town Planning Schemes. Since the process of land pooling through Town Planning Schemes present definite advantages to all stakeholders, it should be adopted as a means to develop infrastructure in the LPA. Town Planning Schemes could be adopted for pooling land for development of the major roads STRR, IRR, ITRR and RR.
9.5 BASIC CONSIDERATION FOR PROPOSAL The basic considerations for the Master Plan 2031 proposals were as follows: 1. Existing development in the area: The existing developments have been given priority in determining the proposed landuse of the Master Plan 2031. In most of the cases the existing landuse has been retained to minimise public distress and loss of property. 2. IMP Proposals: IMP proposals for landuse have been retained in all places barring places where it conflicts with the existing landuse. 3. Scientific landuse allocation: New areas have been brought under the proposed land use to integrate the existing and IMP proposed landuse judiciously. New areas have also been brought under proposals to satisfy the requirements of the population in 2031. 4. All the directions of government. 5. Identification of water bodies and natural drains and their protection 6. Structure Plan directives 7. Change of land uses approved by the govt. and P.A. under section 14-A (3)
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9.6 PROPOSALS
9.6.1
PROPOSED LANDUSE PLAN 2031
KANAKAPURA CONURBATION AREA Kanakapura is the Taluk headquarters of Kanakapura Taluk as well as the only TMC in the LPA. As such it is a node of prime importance owing to already superior administrative stature. The town has enormous economic potential in terms of agriculture, sericulture and other small scale industrial activities. The Landuse of the town has been proposed as to boost its economic potential and supplement its hierarchy in the region. The total urbanisable area of the conurbation is 27.92 sqkm and 1.8 lakhs population is proposed in the town by 2031. 14.11% of the total area is proposed for industrial use while whereas 4.59% of the total area is dedicated to public and semi-public uses. 40.15% of the total area is reserved for residential purposes. 9.02% of the total area is commercial and 11.40% is under parks and open spaces. The rest of the area is comprised of quarries, water bodies and agricultural landuse as shown in the table below.
Table 9.2: Kanakapura proposed landuse statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (Sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
1121.18
11.21
40.15%
COMMERCIAL
251.89
2.52
9.02%
INDUSTRIAL
394.10
3.94
14.11%
PUBLIC & SEMI-PUBLIC
128.13
1.28
4.59%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
318.28
3.18
11.40%
32.74
0.33
1.17%
410.47
4.10
14.70%
AGRICULTURE
0.00
0.00
0.00%
WATER BODIES
78.04
0.78
2.79%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
57.35
00.57
2.05%
2792.17
27.92
100%-
PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION
FOREST HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
P a g e | 141
MASTER PLAN -2031 128
154 153
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207 526 95 114 10 198 517 327 87 326 ! 15 380 32 ! 329 206 518 131 105 378 92 26 521 334 491 373 377 96 27 25 515 ! ! 542 117 379 342 337 320 516! 222 204 205 519 212 86 496 113 112 102 103 116 534 535 540 372 17 18 208 24 ! 14 19 97 114 314 513 514 ! ! 82 543 520 118 319 376 494 110 101 344 192 18 15 99 15 ! 539 536 83 497 371 23 5 7 13 122 312 ! 119 512 ! ! 508 113 499 54 ! 366 537 544 3 364 351 123 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 310 105 313 120 85 498 2 ! ! 8 ! ! 10 40 507 52 ! ! ! ! ! 55 369 ! 80 592 511 ! 225 20 22 590 548 194 353 365 21 9 591 104 125 545 538 558 106 56 506 502 501 110 88 87 84 51 368 ! 363 355 309 103 199 593 85 500 82 11 126 62 557 193 130 547 549 362 210 503 295 589 588 546 61 81 57 307 63 102 83 209 86 367 296 297 50 555 556 560 504 200 595 602 107 109 89 60 80 357 305 550 554 101 129 64 505 594 108 294 293 79 49 90 559 361 299 587 304 59 58 65 66 ! 740 24 553 128 100 78 579 603 561 719 551 287 289 291 91 127 136 580 48 227 563 300 98 97 94 67 303 72 226 596 565 360 70 599 586 76 99 552 ! 301 562 302 47 604 597 578 581 92 564 286 277 298 9 601 42 77 46 211 95 73 71 68 SH 566 93 96 75 751 576 584 278 11 600 9 121 572 571 132 718 3 582 45 32 606 10 17 605 284 74 133 575 598 43 567 12 8 18 280 577 276 274 84 16 583 574 573 13 134 31 44 570 24 41 722 ! ! ! 607 279 283 26 281 569 2 20 19 229 720 33 111 7 608 1 269 273 25 135 282 23 18 30 265 3 609 15 112 614 615 132 133 261 272 21 232 622 136 618 14 637 118 22 137 262 610 18 233 6 37 38 134 721 270 621 617 36 4 632 725 638 765 113 110 102 101 616 267 27 28 29 34 35 5 ! 138 633 263 619 613 39 40 726 ! ! ! ! 635 634 231 733 612 99 100 98 109 266 631 639 50 762 ! ! ! 750 620 237 42 97 96 752 57 779 734 256 ! 60 59 628 259 626 233 232 230 56 51 104 666 140 43 49 108 95 255 650 625 667 103 630 629 640 ! 761 58 627 53 139 238 258 623 61 ! 105 94 735 767 236 47 651 763 668 41 ! 52 257 254 120 234 93 66 67 54 755 624 664 665 251 !! ! 12 229 ! ! ! 235 46 48 649 711 ! ! 724 63 64 669 68 636 106 142 661 253 732 659 648 114 45 107 663 657 92 62 ! 245 ! ! ! ! 754 658 69 121 652 670 662 647 660 241 ! 70 ! ! ! 642 184 91 250 127 244 226 228 ! 186 768 83 71 223 116 641 115 182 764 8 1 84 183 672 671 243 122 ! ! ! ! 653 222 224 225 72 656 716 187 90 654 ! ! ! ! 737 181 246 82 673 ! ! 766 676 646 ! ! ! 736 188 0 221 73 117 128 707 ! 675 643 177 180 130 3 85 655 248 227 247 123 189 74 144 88 739 217 774 775 776 770 708 178 674 89 705 191 706 645 81 738 124 1 15 2 214 193 727 753 179 168 87 80 9 129 126 644 174 3 728 76 75 194 192 702 703 4 208 211 20 679 772 171 86 198 195 169 79 773 173 NH 704 699 700 206 199 712 771 125 170 5 777 204 701 685 769 78 77 131 205 714 698 167 111 145 112 196 680 729 747 749 677 200 197 713 684 697 166 7 723 110 715 695 748 201 113 778 44 681 149 165 730 731 108 8 686 164 148 71 73 682 683 696 77 78 79 745 9 107 694 20 19 115 114 80 678 75 13 70 687 10 693 106 127 163 18 105 252 74 93 746 128 11 69 82 81 92 692 22 688 116 429 18 394 68 14 119 102 413 121 129 105 84 83 12 63 103 132 691 21 126 17 16 15 66 67 102 84 117 89 86 23 432 65 64 85 88 122 130 101 690 61 104 83 131 100 104 100 91 125 133 60 85 101 99 62 106 147 24 95 100 27 58 24 90 94 H-3 88 82 28 S 118 137 162 87 134 98 87 150 757 25 123 103 98 124 135 414 97 26 23 22 96 12 11 415 138 25 149 426 759 758 57 86 89 139 120 119 107 88 21 151 147 81 75 29 30 17 34 33 87 153 97 26 90 108 136 50 56 152 84 83 743 742 85 146 19 1 10 756 82 99 74 2 80 78 49 27 18 13 152 159 760 146 148 44 20 36 77 55 9 31 140 717 151 161 141 80 48 110 109 91 127 47 14 76 73 153 158 32 43 54 128 81 144 145 79 150 744 16 7 48 49 50 96 29 411 46 3 427 92 8 37 154 122 741 51 45 149 35 160 410 47 46 95 30 15 143 53 157 112 710 6 72 98 129 93 38 4 98 156 148 39 31 121 94 126 94 70 15 155 111 52 42 43 18 5 71 154 130 409 32 124 99 93 42 147 181 97 100 131 44 45 57 58 59 97 95 118 41 96 408 52 41 105 101 40 146 109 40 76 92 33 184 395 77 69 103 79 132 113 56 123 68 101 102 123 102 110 34 180 182 95 114 64 65 152 96 125 91 155 407 38 213 53 54 55 108 37 39 419 117 145 35 210 146 147 179 78 153 154 75 383 133 183 151 138 219 218 214 60 115 185 126 90 111 63 71 156 66 144 178 5 104 124 116 103 1 107 5 191 220 236 73 74 125 94 1 217 388 61 62 241 43 115 134 139 150 216 215 155 157 72 67 112 137 68 36 221 192 156 143 104 41 42 148 186 135 105 106 234 177 113 114 69 235 40 193 164 399 397 158 226 239 39 1 398 ! 149 44 93 396 187 140 190 70 233 142 176 179 232 136 223 222 66 189 194 180 24 231 402 141 18 181 157 188 184 158 38 23 175 229 163 159 92 225 25 211 227 378 36 196 287 285 14 46 45 228 178 240 224 355 174 177 24 264 165 182 403 199 197 195 2 160 35 27 26 249 91 160 34 173 12 357 15 356 34 286 159 288 4 176 166 198 53 183 54 55 172 13 423 171 170 162 161 35 33 200 37 28 49 161 20 48 248 358 276 90 3 354 250 424 47 16 171 391 201 167 36 29 52 22 169 175 172 33 56 11 275 163 169 31 400 425 351 384 418 37 51 168 202 32 57 162 262 30 1 19 89 17 247 2 32 359 50 401 164 50 360 168 21 7 10 38 173 350 204 58 353 5 188 274 284 352 259 18 51 185 174 165 49 39 18 59 205 29 30 349 370 374 52 53 17 122 420 348 28 18 166 8 19 187 283 40 48 9 20 246 361 88 54 59 16 375 144 142 116 6 58 186 347 60 289 256 87 346 41 141 47 26 13 198 55 258 56 189 14 282 121 12 57 245 345 365 140 255 373 23 21 143 363 15 296 190 263 42 199 46 45 60 43 44 297 265 203 281 22 377 197 4 139 1 362 298 20 387 268 257 202 237 120 200 11 67 217 138 266 191 2 364 208 10 196 215 209 18 19 344 77 135 2 204 244 376 433 302 300 299 3 0 79 63 267 136 343 23 16 280 238 134 192 366 371 195 6 137 78 270 205 206 201 61 5 17 421 1 5 6 24 279 386 304 303 28 8 1 9 269 216 218 219 372 132 76 291 145 342 7 62 64 307 194 27 254 340 25 242 193 133 305 294 128 74 15 7 381 220 131 129 130 293 8 393 73 341 308 390 207 273 382 4 278 277 80 339 75 26 3 8 124 208 243 367 29 112 290 253 127 65 431 72 111 392 30 430 113 1 292 224 222 221 338 2 295 272 82 14 308 307 297 227 226 225 209 368 369 271 295 125 126 110 9 65 09 309 223 81 2 64 31 296 380 35 210 123 115 TR 71 70 NH 337 108 336 228 310 240 84 10 12 293 69 299 R 298 34 114 109 311 312 120 251 252 243 61 122 83 36 33 309 13 86 63 15 107 66 32 213 379 305 229 239 15 335 119 292 334 40 300 85 244 11 152 37 313 68 67 231 242 315 304 87 89 88 75 121 118 116 41 230 207 84 238 62 102 389 76 330 331 333 15 43 241 211 212 106 39 86 302 314 406 38 301 237 303 101 291 117 90 96 85 332 44 192 175 83 74 245 232 100 93 12 105 95 98 42 73 329 328 173 176 316 318 236 96 153 202 97 12 290 319 11 103 97 94 92 91 234 235 248 77 72 327 4 405 154 94 287 99 233 317 193 155 412 10 12 320 285 286 99 3 322 246 95 82 260 284 325 90 100 194 13 30 249 92 288 321 98 8 70 71 117 93 177 151 150 146 145 324 7 5 6 78 289 214 9 323 90 45 101 191 16 156 149 281 283 14 256 257 7 8 277 69 81 147 24 422 91 251 261 262 135 89 259 2 250 247 9 189 258 17 68 1 15 137 280 188 66 69 6 12 88 190 5 R 260 13 187 46 263 79 276 TR 80 27 47 282 57 2 87 255 68 15 70 67 10 1 203 58 125 128 129 253 254 67 86 264 18 11 26 109 3 4 14 48 278 204 71 252 156 16 132 12 124 153 155 167 17 113 111 56 85 SH270 279 123 50 20 66 19 266 275 267 169 51 50 49 3 83 59 18 25 168 112 170 213 129 28 166 51 130 271 49 84 11 152 265 21 19 60 65 108 106 72 122 143 22 23 52 149 65 64 114 172 20 115 141 24 186 128 131 165 82 74 147 52 140 53 9 273 55 199 130 139 138 199 105 13 36 20 119 121 35 21 37 150 31 73 104 164 H 142 272 23 148 N 9 10 64 61 30 58 21 135 185 65 38 81 137 107 118 80 54 117 268 42 41 15 18 416 32 103 141 63 62 37 31 48 30 198 40 66 77 171 14 29 54 163 57 22 184 136 85 16 19 63 43 44 200 148 147 8 7 97 116 274 29 417 197 102 75 269 64 139 62 45 46 34 59 159 159 96 29 79 33 67 162 47 98 55 53 158 101 118 56 196 138 32 99 31 119 60 63 140 28 230 231 232 94 98 SH 169 168 100 25 61 159 30 146 90 23 76 84 229 44 34 62 28 195 -3 93 92 78 118 6 68 143 38 146 70 5 4 69 149 150 170 90 228 32 35 33 17 20 24 91 87 154 140 39 226 181 144 158 40 61 227 27 172 171 196 88 26 121 89 171 117 27 47 71 43 151 149 155 3 141 116 42 178 164 33 142 86 161 25 174 89 131 201 225 73 152 41 173 85 17 148 122 44 92 34 151 156 123 72 46 48 157 156 2 142 93 94 114 143 139 26 83 177 49 84 74 115 126 127 147 132 112 158 75 35 174 176 86 160 157 409 408 82 153 154 155 157 80 79 37 36 50 87 88 125 145 1 96 95 113 81 78 55 53 60 178 124 85 84 158 167 83 128 159 160 78 129 130 76
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755619
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b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
Proposed Roads
Cadastral Hillock
NH - 209 By-Pass
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PRR
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90
IRR
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100.00%
SH-3
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µ
1,000
1,500
2,000
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BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
15 ¬ «
¬ «
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MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
767619
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!
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1383064
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0
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Transportation
32.74
Forest
TRR
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GrandTotal
SH-3
757619
14.11%
9.02%
30 « ¬
15 ¬ «
A
394.10
251.89
Agriculture
BEKUPPE
ACHALU
40.15%
Public & Semi-Public
4
%
1121.18
Industrial
-3 SH
30 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
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Commercial
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755619
Landuse Analysis - Kanakapura Conurbation
VIRUPASANDRA
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Proposed Landuse Kanakapura
S ca le : 1:20,000
Map No: 46
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
HAROHALLI CONURBATION AREA
Harohalli is one of the most significant nodes of the Kanakapura LPA and a growing industrial cluster. It is proposed to host more than 1.8 lakh population by 2031. The total area proposed as the conurbation limit of Harohalli is 43.49sqkm (4348.77ha). 29.67 % of the area has been dedicated to industries, since it is the future economic mainstay of the town. 33.24% of the total area is reserved for residential purposes where as 12.58% of the area is devoted to transportation. 4.24% of the area is reserved for commercial purposes to serve the future population. 11.63% of the area is park and open space to maintain adequate balance with the anticipated built up area in the town. 2.72% of the area is proposed to be under public and semipublic use. The rest of the land use is under quarries, water bodies and agriculture as shown in the table below.
Table 9.3: Harohalli Proposed land use statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
1445.50
14.46
33.24%
COMMERCIAL
184.30
1.84
4.24%
1290.13
12.90
29.67%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
118.49
1.18
2.72%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
505.94
5.06
11.63%
83.49
0.83
1.92%
547.16
5.47
12.58%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
156.86
1.57
3.61%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
16.89
0.17
0.39%
4348.77
43.49
100%
INDUSTRIAL
PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES FOREST HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
KAGGALIPURA CONURBATION AREA
Kaggalipura is also recognized as an important growth node of the LPA and approximately 1.5 lakh of the future population of 2031 is distributed in this town. Industrial area on the cue to 37.77(1.71%) Ha have been proposed in the area for form the future economic base. The town has been proposed primarily as an institutional hub for the LPA.
P a g e | 142
MASTER PLAN -2031
96
95
78
75
IRR 110
112
102
103
98
99
100
97 170
96
95
212
28
58
32
29
31
34 33
27 TEMPLE
54 55 56
191
235
190
171
189
188
239
GABBADIKAVAL (P)
215
38
224 232 227 223 228 229 251 230 250
PRIMARY SCHOOL
3 2
116
4
115
9
49
35 37 40
36
41
44
46
24 ¬ «
113
59
57
58
56
51
50 55 54
60
104
97 98
47
45
8
110
49
48
KEY MAP
105
102
52 51
30 ¬ «
KAGGALAHALLI
MD R Kaggalipura
! (
100
65
61
1
255
MD R
52 256
53
68 70
69
S
101
GABBADI
-3
D M
gar a
1405955
90 ¬ «
15 ¬ «
¬ «
90
12 ¬ «
N
1405955
R MD
90 ¬ «
09 H-2
Sathanur
! 9 ( -20 MDR H N
INDEX 2
15 ¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
HAROHALLI
DYAVASANDRA
90 ¬ «
¬ «
Major District Road Village/Other Road Railway Line Railway Station
Cadastral Hillock
¬ «
¬ «
Cadastral Tank
NH - 209 By-Pass
12 ¬ «
NH -2 0
¬ «
R
¬ «
To An e
¬ «
18 ¬ «
BHEEMASANDRA (P)
¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
RR Road
60
11.63%
Transportation
547.16
12.58%
Water Bodies
156.86
3.61%
83.49 0.00 0.00
Hillock's/Quarry's
0
315
%
505.94
118.49
16.89
Grand Total
630
µ 1,260
4348.77
1,890
4.24% 2.72% 1.92% 0.00% 0.00% 0.39%
100.00%
2,520
Meters
Government of Karnataka
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
CHEELURU
¬ «
90
d
¬ «
18 ¬ «
15 ¬ «
¬ «
TRR
29.67%
Forest
4
1398380
12 ¬ «
NH209
18 ¬ « 18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
90
1290.13
CHIKKADEVARAHALLI
¬ «
IRR
184.30
Agriculture
a R R Ro
1398380
24 ¬ «
¬ «
« ¬
90
33.24%
Public Utility
¬ «
¬ «
STRR
1445.50
Park & Openspace
18 ¬ «
JAKKASANDRA
Residential
Public & Semi-Public
BHEEMASANDRA (P)
KEERANAGERE
100
Area in Hectare
Industrial
1400905
15 ¬ «
¬ «
Landuse
Commercial
¬ «
MARALAGERE
¬ « ¬ « ¬ «
18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
Symbol
24 ¬ «
15 ¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
4
DEVARAKAGGALAHALLI
PRR
Proposed Landuse Analysis - Harohalli Conurbation
k al
¬ «
¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
3
60
18 ¬ « 18 ¬ « 18 ¬ « 18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
¬ «
BHEEMASANDRA
18 18 18
1400905
¬ «
18 ¬ « 18 ¬ «
24 ¬ «
¬ «
24 ¬ «
BANNIKUPPE
R IR
15 ¬ «
¬ «
9
3
IR
30
Proposed Roads
15 ¬ «
¬ «
12 ¬ «
« ¬
b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
¬ « «¬
¬ «
¬ «
Village Boundary
Drainage
¬ «
¬ «
State Highway
Electric power lines
1403430
HULUGONDANAHALLI
Conurbation Boundary
Building
MARASANDRA
¬ «
24 ¬ «
1403430
¬ «
24 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
IR R
15
¬ «
¬ «
National Highway
Survey No Boundary
¬ «
¬ «
L.P.A. Boundary
<> <>
NH-2 09
HOSAKOTE
<> <>
18 ¬ «
18 ¬ «
2
90 ¬ «
30 ¬ «
¬ «
¬ «
-3 SH
M DR
¬ «
¬ «
MD R
Kanakapura
m
¬ «
MD R
! (
GABBADIKAVAL
¬ «
Harohalli
M DR
! (
67
64 63
66
244 62 WATER 109 108 249 73 111 245 TANK 74 71 127 83 117 84 72 114 178 246 248 118 113 75 81 80 175 247 126 93 179 119 181 77 128 120 125 107 3 91 82 90 115 89 165 180 78 82 134 130 121 124 172 141 136 129 130 81 76 79 129 161 164 83 171 123 106 100 159 167 142 133 88 133 122 163 116 123 127 86 87 140 166 117 158 160 98 128 169 131 99 80 85 101 119 118 145 157 162 132 84 259 124 132 122 147 126 79 105 156 155 146 TEMPLE 91 77 96 97 148 78 131 125 85 52 103 53 135 54 164 165 166 176 177 178 76 95 134 120 4 153 150 154 149 13 15 179 51 86 75 257 25 55 2 94 258 81 5 8 23 104 93 61 60 151 136 27 72 28 71 88 14 24 87 80 12 6 74 62 56 152 137 90 21 38 22 89 68 92 29 13 73 17 18 14 70 59 79 50 37 11 168 260 82 138 66 49 20 69 21 67 30 139 7 15 63 39 13 36 1 78 BUS 16 96 8 58 57 14 23 140 83 198 17 12 160 161 48 167 65 102 40 19 STAND 6 35 47 25 33 18 64 142 42 162 141 10 84 197 11 24 163 34 87 77 91 41 26 30 90 2 3 41 MOSQUE 2 143 159 9 24 PRIMARY 29 196 90 PRIMARY GOVT 1 5 PETROL BUNK 97 86 165 42 74 SCHOOL 44 3 144 9 15 32 4 45 MOSQUE SCHOOL OFFICE 167 5 75 88 80 85 157 158 78 24 79 166 32 33 98 45 MOSQUE 44 52 8 16 17 92 169 77 168 33 76 PRIMARY SCHOOL 145 146 169 73 TEMPLE 170 65 76 75 66 74 1 30 59 TEMPLE 156 18 34 30 33 46 73 TEMPLE 101 28 58 62 147 103 64 BUS STAND 19 62 155 WATER 53 60 155 72 100 2 3 99 57 61 49 148 43 42 20 68 TANK 48 4 24 26 61 154 72 Pyramid 47 71 27 60 51 63 90 TEMPLE 87 44 63 21 149 50 Valley 70 117 156 26 54 86 NURSERY HIGH 68 64 1 111 8 57 59 45 116 126 150 22 127 SCHOOL SCHOOL 83 635 95 32 28 104 PRIMARY 88 55 54 TEMPLE 25 55 633 65 153 8 41 84 7 151 56 46 56 19 SCHOOL 52 634 153 92 97 96 636 114 115 118 20 31 123 23 125 85 726 152 94 95 94 93 24 82 91 30 93 51 66 22 1 8 113 9 89 29 21 69 53 98 632 119 99 100 101 17 10 11 638 124 637 105 20 631 35 80 730 WATER 40 641 12 39 110 89 37 122 104 103 642 21 19 36 120 121 18 111 18 TANK 731 18 630 102 646 647 48 109 17 639 81 648 50 157 17 103 105 106 107 49 625 TEMPLE 29 70 640 38 16 161 14 643 649 13 19 100 30 10 627 110 16 14 15 16 15 107 108 811 645 623 108 28 9 24 25 9 35 626 12 812 15 0 334 172 TEMPLE 9 10 13 162 105 661 129 71 31 109 106 650 36 622 PRIMARY SCHOOL 621 102 667 151 622 20 27 22 130 11 654 655 8 652 104 23 665 99 644 7 195 14 628 547 32 30 26 24 134 133 619 660 131 180 2 651 94 WATER 620 658 21 666 609 816 34 21 612 726 49 618 135 546 24 TANK 95 96 26 12 PRIMARY 3 4 5 610 22 6 653 656 659 93 702 548 657 28 158 WATER 8 136 187 545 27 33 92 37 24 23 143 SCHOOL 90 815 22 549 552 38 611 674 TANK 138 607 25 91 544 7 20 TEMPLE 32 31 671 670 89 6 29 800 5 139 GOVT 41 550 39 188 26 29 88 606 675 673 551 163 85 802 35 PETROL PRIMARY 42 733 605 141 FAIR 34 2 86 728 40 3 87 24 604 VETINARY 669 30 28 BUNK 44 84 SCHOOL 543 672 536 559 PRICE SHOP 36 576 TEMPLE 23 53 HOSPITAL 27 189 603 83 59 54 32 734 18 39 577 535 542 602 25 18 BANK 31 159 52 HOSTEL 82 PRIMARY 45 58 174 55 57 190 56 573 47 160 601 560 181 33 539 40 38 SCHOOL 18 34 37 599 50 677 GOVT OFFICE 8 578 150 48 182 81 848 51 57 572 56 600 191 183 579 808 52 36 561 570 39 41 580 35 44 71 598 50 856 PRIMARY 17 199 571 WATER 53 689 COLLEGE 67 149 740 681 54 51 538 809 49 569 186 37 68 TEMPLE 43 SCHOOL 42 TANK NURSERY SCHOOL 66 581 596 751 597 55 70 810 14 TEMPLE 1 537 5 73 185 76 75 74 582 15 79 101 39 693 45 48 47 145 65 53 171 60 586 847 536 568 567 696 699 NURSERY 595 583 51 739 56 152 184 72 70 692 161 164 148 584 HOSPITAL SCHOOL 41 817 843 765 563 593 69 165 739 587 585 PRIMARY SCHOOL 529 820 160 163 403 78 594 BANK 700 50 71 566 38 91 90 89 100 102 564 818 532 42 72 591 592 153 154 TEMPLE 96 8 9 WATER 159 77 823 826 64 533 588 404 698 63 819 61 49 62 95 166 830 43 590 854 7 4 58 59 449 2 152 155 TEMPLE 74 8 530 422 TANK 57 94 822 727 825 828 1 436 589 69 167 169 531 6 44 47 518 446 93 88 HOSPITAL 769 103 527 450 856 37 87 99 147 158 247 192 4 222 156 448 517 194 48 525 98 705 438 105 443 1 92 702 5 TEMPLE 168 193 61 854 832 456 447 244 220 829 524 60 151 445 HIGH 2 46 9 430 BUS 1 440 439 442 1 157 85 519 515 457 453 455 MOSQUE SCHOOL 84 5 0 62 833 526 831 859 704 30 521 520 86 218 219 146 246 NURSERY 733 245 STAND 392 83 393 394 444 424 97 70 853 523 454 104 NURSERY SCHOOL 63 838 425 426 427 227 200 PRIMARY SCHOOL 145 SCHOOL 779 775 TEMPLE 76 36 512 PRIMARY SCHOOL 69 86 391 395 108 65 399 90 88 87 82 412 89 HIGH 140 422 92 51 226 71 52 852 223 420 743 150 396 TEMPLE 761 146 728 35 741 50 138 34 81 459 778 511 510 200 742 107 SCHOOL 458 93 142 TEMPLE 149 414 415 419 400 411 522 513 64 24 397 790 155 144 136 763 98 777 873 139 25 72 TEMPLE 509 508 766 225 84 65 68 23 49 131 138 401 TEMPLE 80 149 161 188 77 407 192 409 148 137 22 507 105 TEMPLE 388 131 744 53 140 148 745 143 746 27 729 54 147 135 402 104 462 461 33 164 48 119 189 26 228 73 386 21 66 75 32 0 221 134 506 806 3 67 356 19 481 480 385 118 168 83 251 170 47 43 115 191 190 838 130 188 224 109 133 77 76 193 379 479 83 20 505 799 55 413 414 125 126 113 194 384 56 41 40 186 116 464 463 112 482 132 28 706 374 373 354 800 529 46 191 WATER 357 192 483 80 79 405 170 81 4 124 504 111 117 2 185 129 29 30 31 TANK TEMPLE 79 122 466 836 382 353 57 114 WATER 787 PRIMARY 17 16 8 127 195 184 375 5 503 187 110 171 NURSERY 213 465 194 1 197 198 203 128 190 484 381 834 708 TEMPLE 377 TANK 79 502 SCHOOL 352 351 120 107 173 709 1 12 116 171 181 PRIMARY SCHOOL SCHOOL 58 44 42 871 199 501 376 212 485 PRIMARY 337 119 196 781 3 TEMPLE 6 1 2 182 180 115 336 322 321 499 498 TEMPLE 15 204 208 214 GOVT OFFICE SCHOOL 350 466 172 TEMPLE 173 117 NURSERY SCHOOL 366 369 371 174 326 15 500 5 4 186 378 5 9 WATER 365 318 59 112 200 206 467 346 178 118 349 486 707 784 1 328 176 68 367 13 73 358 106 10 172 870 TANK 798 15 710 205 14 6 185 493 217 177 232 174 175 348 PRIMARY 104 105 338 493 7 60 469 368 370 319 111 240 494 495 4 3 359 15 SCHOOL 108 335 329 175 364 103 100 8 470 11 74 184 179 178 747 339 241 317 180 748 99 110 492 181 496 318 867 218 478 316 2 782 330 315 176 234 66 65 10 9 12 488 102 361 344 244 44 61 363 491 239 340 109 231 177 41 43 219 28 47 49 97 183 345 182 472 362 83 471 12 86 98 24 489 11 62 75 242 866 801 858 67 334 331 711 314 313 311 750 13 48 81 84 46 65 749 96 783 59 220 95 360 66 490 64 243 23 245 238 236 233 85 230 48 89 859 51 63 232 14 57 474 347 864 68 80 27 312 59 46 47 53 712 90 93 4 24 20 15 94 221 333 860 56 88 239 18 36 305 307 40 60 61 343 227 246 247 58 862 87 38 91 237 475 55 304 310 76 77 197 342 60 39 222 35 34 54 248 306 865 228 37 214 62 56 341 332 785 57 80 226 33 75 29 861 308 5 473 303 284 74 92 309 797 54 43 TEMPLE 22 3 32 18 223 253 249 30 213 7 251 869 72 1 PRIMARY 2 477 476 217 32 54 85 225 25 37 29 28 6 239 21 31 73 33 75 302 3 252 8 6 28 71 SCHOOL 27 254 301 300 212 83 31 53 297 30 53 26 224 30 4 29 40 WATER TANK 65 299 298 54 70 211 240 713 199 2 PRIMARY SCHOOL 24 55 68 64 726 296 9 24 31 25 10 76 51 24 13 30 63 36 34 69 5 25 262 261 295 WATER 56 64 PRIMARY 7 12 78 712 2 52 47 51 210 39 23 32 294 46 716 67 200 1 66 868 77 22 23 11 55 33 35 21 5 TANK 61 50 50 14 293 SCHOOL 259 79 84 15 58 262 57 325 65 69 34 265 8 279 860 16 292 66 9 49 81 36 TEMPLE 42 11 805 52 263 717 22 62 17 18 230 869 48 209 270 86 51 291 64 18 257 241 229 288 59 264 3 44 45 63 63 10 45 73 68 38 PRIMARY SCHOOL 80 92 21 201 91 1 5 67 20 266 38 68 268 850 44 60 19 290 205 69 844 21 20 250 84 83 82 62 61 62 18 264 90 89 78 47 12 13 48 39 74 276 46 215 72 278 271 242 41 87 849 843 238 723 43 40 849 289 18 74 73 72 18 65 277 324 79 43 26 208 8 281 70 69 61 19 42 70 32 35 273 148 82 9 804 272 42 71 202 29 28 31 36 35 23 24 60 20 275 237 279 41 25 26 33 59 57 287 171 136 GOVT H85 884 40 71 19 N 274 27 TEMPLE 75 86 16 41 73 56 OFFICE 37 280 18 203 63 72 138 15 236 34 17 840 74 22 842 30 204 235 41 841 70 791 39 35 51 249 169 155 64 12 792 16 137 150 77 283 58 76 216 38 139 11 55 40 157 286 720 243 38 34 793 286 179 718 152 115 430 721 234 167 49 140 71 178 154 150 62 156 431 75 151 432 48 47 13 722 14 76 50 44 172 719 153 66 189 63 39 47 46 43 10 9 67 74 352 33 43 41 285 186 182 90 37 36 180 88 89 187 60 92 46 181 141 44 231 183 144 144 149 185 190 4 2 353 205 77 351 65 64 68 188 350 45 38 37 59 32 73 72 27 36 48 206 95 177 355 28 99 114 53 52 146 184 132 23 168 22 96 98 193 69 354 35 57 117 49 86 25 91 85 95 70 53 51 48 192 94 97 118 66 56 54 356 97 100 113 31 112 50 124 55 78 84 96 131 50 58 55 83 81 79 43 56 TEMPLE 93 102 90 83 18 101 99 194 147 51 171 67 361 40 44 45 46 104 82 360 357 92 82 80 NURSERY 111 91 89 3 0 38 30 TEMPLE 4 92 130 65 100 101 94 93 81 NURSERY 32 125 SCHOOL 14 29 69 78 68 1 36 31 172 80 5 142 79 59 84 85 SCHOOL 3 362 PRIMARY SCHOOL 86 91 90 359 34 358 2 110 12 BANK 145 16 11 42 143 103 77 129 102 120 6 26 87 15 64 146 173 27 28 88 9 POST 112 111 70 10 24 166 109 18 105 7 8 97 76 17 88 147 363 13 63 89 112 OFFICE 87 158 21 104 126 20 106 142 364 161 19 128 174 23 148 7 WATER 127 19 159 1 111 62 60 75 6 9 113 175 365 71 108 22 TEMPLE 18 160 119 20 12 11 110 TANK 99 86 195 4 16 3 8 107 15 107 106 53 5 340 341 143 110 163 162 121 122 101 145 10 54 114 14 109 141 85 18 139 13 PRIMARY 82 74 27 108 147 100 34 339 TEMPLE 164 166 57 12 176 105 138 148 11 24 170 139 116 21 56 31 SCHOOL COLLEGE 81 130 132 84 8 146 165 28 29 140 32 33 25 115 129 133 79 102 26 10 136 137 149 HIGH 7 117 138 3 335 VETINARY 167 78 58 156 4 9 134 1 83 145 77 141 23 437 SCHOOL 1 153 154 137 334 HOSPITAL 157 381 118 150 76 75 59 143 73 22 429 5 6 151 103 43 47 332 142 2 128 158 74 73 6 48 344 349 2 333 191 152 155 117 116 60 109 105 40 136 3 167 166 156 49 308 135 337 44 428 42 121 159 72 TEMPLE 34 18 328 120 61 41 126 39 342 18 164 72 169 157 119 380 51 50 348 306 307 114 115 118 120 168 7 309 327 123 163 125 35 379 121 38 53 134 133 305 324 345 52 37 71 168 347 311 165 160 170 18 326 124 122 162 119 325 169 170 304 127 126 125 196 172 TEMPLE 303 123 122 427 70 144 124 346 312 171 123 40 PRIMARY 424 66 161 30 323 18 425 27 9 68 67 45 301 302 313 368 26 322 321 SCHOOL 434 162 174 5 295 163 128 25 24 373 129 130 131 173 300 194 382 189 18 20 151 423 10 315 57 314 281 299 320 190 192 135 143 12 294 65 144 56 23 176 18 188 46 411 412 14 297 319 422 134 133 154 283 282 280 421 22 21 15 11 191 1 8 293 374 132 55 24 316 159 177 Jain 145 155 178 298 179 39 284 181 410 160 8 289 285 420 154 University 161 146 317 187 419 383 180 286 225 292 226 183 127 279 9 384 288 7 444 378 182 160 418 291 163 162 176 223 11 391 141 64 370 6 10 185 152 208 318 287 409 149 38 290 175 184 172 278 GOVT 442 203 417 165 186 5 210 TEMPLE 408 140 150 204 198 169 173 386 OFFICE 166 377 273 416 0 3 37 277 415 371 170 274 275 214 174 385 167 18 2 268 220 414 407 4 WATER TANK 169 12 165 164 272 PRIMARY 35 206 206 213 199 36 231 376 372 127 GOVT OFFICE 3 271 SCHOOL 276 413 406 17 16 219 269 270 137 13 15 63 128 32 31 207 199 210 205 TEMPLE 18 62 PRIMARY 134 30 267 266 129 125 264 209 153 366 439 375 14 230 204 209 26 19 265 210 SCHOOL 405 21 PRIMARY 130 121 207 TEMPLE 392 208 443 203 259 20 122 24 28 29 211 402 133 115 22 258 206 208 116 SCHOOL 135 262 263 211 245 393 TEMPLE 120 445 218 28 21 22 201 212 217 118 260 401 27 369 261 202 198 114 29 26 23 132 19 198 246 247 257 200 216 200 215 195 197 109 24 254 25 389 20 18 256 213 1 30 112 216 31 8 215 400 435 244 248 136 199 249 250 255 180 33 111 17 32 212 TEMPLE 225 197 36 224 243 178 35 207 238 214 37 34 398 181 182 110 253 251 404 15 397 38 399 203 252 14 204 229 39 226 241 201 195 447 237 202 40 242 12 223 222 43 60 58 42 WATER 10 396 68 403 451 183 196 56 196 205 446 236 52 18 41 44 TANK 108 232 229 61 240 227 9 69 184 13 440 72 57 221 202 59 53 45 185 235 176 395 73 51 TEMPLE PRIMARY SCHOOL 55 4 394 46 8 187 438 64 66 242 TEMPLE 239 441 50 49 TEMPLE 54 387 48 71 PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY 62 GOVT 194 36 107 PRIMARY 231 63 450 47 98 192 100 35 SCHOOL 5 388 449 TEMPLE OFFICE 6 7 190 23 74 86 87 88 SCHOOL 97 37 25 99 193 85 75 56 186 30 2 34 191 42 448 101 33 227 80 31 24 128 92 93 82 76 79 43 22 96 90 26 29 83 188 32 79 103 102 129 169 168 194 196 235 38 302 27 81 43 167 94 78 66 85 81 84 189 77 187 95 41 78 80 62 60 59 58 28 160 42 304 91 209 44 83 20 301 86 19 53 303 77 82 54 131 166 195 41 40 44 130 228 63 194 18 39 87 71 64 55 75 93 92 205 17 45 167 218 189 238 222 88 190 237 47 305 76 52 74 51 197 221 46 306 21 46 90 89 313 300 TEMPLE 219 75 16 91 165 73 73 239 217 48 74 49 113 50 76 77 193 94 15 45 13 14 312 97 299 96 NURSERY 49 307 78 48 47 95 179 178 308 SCHOOL 192 104 111 81 164 298 240 51 311 83 191 84 98 71 68 220 100 79 310 52 82 6 GOVT 65 7 309 12 WATER 297 236 PRIMARY 110 52 49 62 241 50 10 69 315 99 101 163 80 FAIR PRICE 314 86 67 85 54 TANK217 109 66 SCHOOL 9 47 234 64 1 SHOP 53 53 88 11 102 106 48 196 87 63 65 150 67 57 59 60 61 107 197 66 162 296 90 210 103 55 57 149 TEMPLE TEMPLE 89 44 45 343 224 56 344 197 104 91 105 209 321 92 59 204 102 PRIMARY 55 107 106 105 342 215 PRIMARY 205 69 148 SCHOOL 104 127 345 295 198 341 100 94 93 148 232 61 SCHOOL 57 58 60 294 70 340 108 190 191 160 161 147 145 142 139 72 71 56 320 163 322 161 159 337 338 109 206 207 53 54 107
114 112
KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA
50
106
103
57
92
20
24 ¬ «
53
24
1
91
19
48
BETTAHALLIKAVAL
90
21
3 SH
a na R am
108
111
« ¬24
109
30
211
214
59
47
23
22
YADAMADU
18 46
44 43 60
65 64
37
11 10
FOR
H
From
MUDENAHALLI
172
173
209
213
63
66
67
62
12
16 17
15
45
42 61
13
14
39 NURSERY SCHOOL 43 216 195 198 23 HIGH NURSERY 16 217 17 SCHOOL 219 15 218 SCHOOL 194 196 197 200 205 PRIMARY 18 14 21 PRIMARY SCHOOL SCHOOL 226 225 222 193 6 7 192 234 220 221 20 10 11 233 5 254 199
105
24 ¬ «
87 88
68
69
33
39
40 41
WATER TANK
72
210
208
201 203 204
86
71
TEMPLE
89
2
85
73
24 31 32
22
21
POST OFFICE 93 35 NURSERY GOVT 10 9 SCHOOL 36 OFFICE
3
70
202
20
8
84
74
77
76
106
7
4
82 81
80
17
12
6 83
16
774236
NH - 9 20
13
5
94
15
F
771686
NH-2 09
VADERAHALLI 41
1
E
769136
SH - 92
D
766586
R
C
764036
1408480
B
30 ¬ «
761486
30 ¬ «
A
1408480
758936
¬ «
758936
A
RAMAPURA
9 NH-20
GANALU CHIKKAMUDUWADI
761486
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
B
764036
RAYASANDRA C
766586
D
769136
E
771686
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
F
774236
M a p T itle
18 ¬ «
BANDIGANAHALLI
30 ¬ «
DODDAMUDUWADI
5
1395855
5
Proposed Landuse Harohalli
S ca le : 1:25,000
Map No: 45
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
53.52% of area has been proposed for residential use while 5.48% of area is under commercial use. 12.21% is devoted to public and semi-public use. 13.24% of the area is dedicated to transportation and 7.51% of the area is under parks and other open spaces. The rest of the area is comprised of quarries, water bodies and agriculture as shown in the table below.
Table 9.4: Kaggalipura proposed landuse statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
1183.62
11.84
53.52%
COMMERCIAL
121.30
1.21
5.48%
INDUSTRIAL
37.77
0.38
1.71%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
270.11
2.70
12.21%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
166.12
1.66
7.51%
PUBLIC UTILITY
78.99
0.79
3.57%
TRANSPORTATION
292.71
2.93
13.24%
AGRICULTURE
0.00
0.00
0.00%
WATER BODIES
60.94
0.61
2.76%
FOREST
0.00
0.00
0.00%
HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S
0.00
0.00
0.00%
2211.56
22.12
100%
GRAND TOTAL
SATHANUR CONURBATION AREA
Sathanur has been proposed as a major growth node in the LPA in future. Almost 0.9 lakh population has been distributed in Sathanur. The total proposed conurbation area is 18.81 sqkm. 40.61% to the total area has been reserved for residential purposes while 32.57% has been reserved for industrial use. 5.03% of the land is proposed to be under commercial use while another 2.20% has been reserved for public and semi-public use. 3.86% of the area is under parks and open spaces. The rest of the area has been dedicated to quarries, water bodies and agriculture as seen in the table below.
P a g e | 143
MASTER PLAN -2031
177
176
273 275
101
10
11
12
18
13
1375987
95
96 94
99
82
98
91 93
83 90
92
To
Ch
a ar am
a jan
ga
r
74
87
73
6
60 56
8
9
1
19
18
80
78
76 70 72
71
79
9 -20 NH
10
12
11
66
67 69
55 64
21
54
60
61 59
38
58
40
39
127 47
9 -20 NH
166
41
30
¬ «
171
23
182 169 170 180
44
25
39 38
48
28
42
32 31
37 36
65
29
30
44 41
27
33 35 30
¬ «
34
66
67
69
64 63
62 61
72 71
70
73
74
72
74
59
76 58
57
56
55 53
51
54 47
1374452
46
56
50
30 ¬ «
54
55
53
52 51
79
50
89
48
102 94
91
29
30
44
40
97
39
169
29
31
15
125
119 120
21
20
117
147
142
139
140
55
54
75
73 77
78
36
17 56
72
79
57 58
61
¬ «
35
60
38
23
20
61
26
47
48
49 53
7
NH - 9 20
! 9 ( -20 MDR H N
60
59
INDEX
76
2
52
National Highway
Conurbation Boundary
State Highway
Village Boundary
Major District Road
Survey No Boundary
51
50
L.P.A. Boundary
Village/Other Road
Building
63
Railway Line
Electric power lines
24
62
Drainage
Railway Station
Cadastral Hillock
¬ «
30
Proposed Roads
Cadastral Tank
NH - 209 By-Pass
Township Boundary
63
b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
3
PRR
100
STRR
90
IRR
90
TRR
90
RR Road
60
Landuse Analysis - Sathanur Conurbation
Symbol
Landuse
25 26
Area in Hectare
Residential
%
763.73
40.61%
612.48
32.57%
72.61
3.86%
94.56
Commercial Industrial
Public & Semi-Public
5.03%
41.43
Park & Openspace Public Utility
135 137
128
174 175 176
5
1
4
177 178
187
185
172
141
181 182
189
188
169
171
168
191
166
165
164
163
162 154
142
167
180
183
140
170
173
179
186 2
139 138
153
2.20%
8.60
0.46%
Transportation
247.22
13.14%
Water Bodies
40.12
2.13%
0.00
Hillock's/Quarry's Total
0.00%
0.00
Forest
155
0.00%
0.00
0.00%
1880.77
100.00%
152
156
151 150
158 149
196
375
750
1,125
1,500
Meters
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
192 198
5
159
KADAHALLI
199
193
194
147
200
146
751147
187.5
µ
Government of Karnataka
143
157
0
190
160 197
161
148
C
09 H-2
Agriculture
13 6
SH - 92
M DR
66
62
54
MD R
Kanakapura
! (
33
122
121
12
NH-2 09
R 58
MD R
N
65
34
46
-3
Sathanur
67
108 66 76 138 143 2 151 347 1 81 149 150 137 107 135 152 18 136 65 64 88 133 109 343 134 82 161 153 89 132 114 111 110 160 130 87 106 154 86 83 113 131 129 162 155 112 85 84 115 159 91 128 90 105 104 127 116 103 117 157 120 125 102 124 119 92 156 163 158 30 126 100 101 118 123 93 121 94 98 122 99 97 96 95
¬ «
59
69
68
19
18
71 80
37
S
Harohalli
M DR
! (
68
64
45
44
MD R
67
21
39
70
74 52
43
1
1379057
RR R oad
144
141
51
¬ «
53
15
16 34
15
14
66
15
16
126 131 133 127 130 134 136 129
124
123
184
749612
145
50
33
36 35
48
49
45
38
10
423
63
115
118
22
37
8
5
B
146
37
39
46
9
31
364
92
! (
D M
33
DESHOHALLI 42
91
MD R Kaggalipura
62
53
55
41
90
93
116
3
748077
3
47
43 44
40
41
11
30 32
10
13
94
ACHALU
372
32
56
40
89
112
114
23
14 11
113
24
26
9
A
SATHANUR
42
11
344
12
7
367
61
4
98
25
10
746542
6
5
9
9
8 7
0 -2 NH
8
29
4
371
95
30
32
45
312 311 310
325
4
309
313
« ¬
5
368
366
68
30 1
365
365
96
30 ¬ «
16
38
19
18 17
99
34
35
39 41
96
27 36
42
46
329
¬ «
18
3
83
74
31
2
88
369
370
109 111
100
28
32 33
40
110
101 95
90 31
41
107
27
323
303 304 12 308 12
57
84
82
418
375
86
97 98
87
KEY MAP
103
13
23
28
34 36 35 38 37
43
42
197
164
170
314
148
12
10
17
21 22
44
171
198
165 167 166 168
11
14
18
20
47
195
342
328
2
¬ «
324
12 ¬ «
327
12
6
71
72
25 22
26
27 28
13
22
81
99
102
102
373
69
70
9 -20 NH
101
108
93 92
106
103
86
88
4
48
49
172
7
83
59 58 57
104
85
43 45
60
62
49
52
75
3 5 6
1
84
19
199
1
8
85
82
81
80
9
150
200
196
173
2
149
87 157 151 86
105
80
77
79
61
87
78
78
73
83 84
82 81
75
60
71
63
64
68
76
KEMMALE
65
177
24
70
68
66
181 179 174 176 175 178
77
177
201
341
315
322
326
302
15
14
27
25
17 16
305 307
24
18
95 306
300
301
321
12 ¬ «
330
340
204
194
174
176
339
295
318
331
338
205
193 192
175
178
146 88 147
91
191
190
145
¬ «
92
93
94
69
67
167
95
¬ «
334
276
202
12 187
189
90 89 30
97
113
168
43
128
96
184
188
148
100 99 98
186
183
179
203
320
336 337 335
274
9 -20 NH
220
¬ «
144
268
335
277
272 270 275 271 269 208 210 207 206 212 211 213 209
185
103
101
111 112
104
221
182
24
181 180 143
219
232
234
142
222
273
267
265 266 260 261 217 262 224 214 225 218
228
233
235
106
102
110
238
133 105
107
229
231
141
132
109
239
236
134
131
108
114
42
173
47
186
115
116
131
46
164
163
40
135
130
129 165
140
126
128
185
161 162
268
127
49
49
43 57
35 36 132
125
153
184
160
139
227
230
237
124
154
183 34
126
22
53
62 68
37
117
26
46 45
63 56
227
45
51 50
52
226
228
20 13
225
235
48
50
229
234
30
51
135 52 53
14
65
65
54
15
112
66
63
64
55
16
7
62
233 236
HONNIGANAHALLI 75
86
25
2
111
77
85
5
3
17
26
108
110 81
24
4
107
84
89
88
4
100
282
61
59
27
23
105 106
109
101
97
22
15
104
28 21
16 42
102
20
17
14 103
7
19
57
67
33
29
187 152
136
252 346 255 250 251
240
241
226
278
284
299
23
77
103
85
79
374
67
29
28
¬ «
9
58
281
6
8
248
230
223
122
159 123
137 156 138
256
112
110 111
279
319
96
21
¬ «
32
5
4
30
33
247
28
27
118
222
158
249
8
282 283
298
317 316
291
97
75
78
73
71
376
93
80
72
19
21
20
377
74
72
73
12
3
68
224
119
32
120 121
257
107
9
296
94
¬ «
3
29
231
221
31
106
104
254
248
155
116
281
280
294
292
290
288
285
11
10
114
289
98 297
19
18
37
69
72
280
232
26
220
242 345
123
105
253
247
115
113
91
90
7
293
99
88
349
71
70
69
20
24
73
69
16
17
22
348
86
89
93
79
87
23
80
82
85
90
¬ «
92
100
101
18 ¬ «
2
129
83
70
71
73
82
25
219
244
243
217
218
23 24
216
103
286
12
¬ «
31
74
130
84
81
86
124
22
87
Township Area
215
245
92
89 246
109
108
13
12
MUDALASWAMIKUPPE
80
75
249
34
35
79
19
83
102
287 106
6
117
103 105
91
81
78
25
27
75
75
70
68
YADUGOWDANAHALLI
65
¬18 «
77
84
109
104 102
14
¬ «
279
85
18
21 20
90
213
214
82
88
84
81
93
94
1
112 113 111 HOLA 110
16 108
17
15
2
15 ¬ «
18
107
16
5
3
96
95
80
212 78
97
120
15 ¬ «
19
101
119
18 ¬ «
18
12
36
133
88
91
14 125
124
174
20
4
100
99
85
79
211
17
75
196 129
126
98
130
188 187 189 136
171
76
210
15
16
77
122
13
2
89
92
95
76
103
98
94
77
278
40
93
78
1
104
100
99
250
251
252
41
38
102
96
121
16 15
12
3
125
131
175
26
25
17
83
29
15
237
120
73
193
127
166
74
190 128
86
69
72
4
17
209
5
7
105
134
253
106
108
97
238
39
107
207
11
70
14
3
68
132
21
15
12 ¬ «
1
SASALAPURA
109
240
239
116
241
274
111
1377522
242
118 119
208
206
10
9
5
191
118
19
DALIMBA
66
26
28
14
15
« ¬
276
110
243
244
245
113
8
18
198
199
205
117
115
200
71
2
133
192
138
67
66
1
6
64
139
62
134
27
173
24
76
64
68
67
1
11
74
66
67
15
246
277
179
201
182
180
114
112
2
178
202
19
8
63
170
22
137
14
69
75
1
63
70
10
9
13
76
94 96 97 98
100
<> <>
254
181
270
7
65
61
194
12 ¬ « 20
71
12
8
2
144
76
101
99
120
104
KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA
106 105
<> <>
255
204
158
9
20
197
25
57
2
13
73
74
3
11
21
28
135
ANAMANAHALLI
12
62
7
77
65
100
95
107
106
108 105
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
144 201
145
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
D
752682
E
754217
F
M a p T itle
159
21
165
60
22
3
4
92
109
1377522
169
172
160
196
24
10
194
26
58
59
4
31
29
51
61
58
72
50
5
5
79
110
1375987
161
271
203
11
23
162
56
167
49
57
60
121
91
78
64
136
1374452
170
157
195
22
193
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54
23
10
52
6
82
90
1372917
1379057
162
192
29
28
15 55
168
12 ¬ «
30
12 ¬ «
6
53
59
83
80
THOTAHALLI
62
¬ «30
171
147
191
190
27
NARIPURA
184
145
163
141
49
32
33
23
47
48
56
54
81
89
-3 SH
168
189
148 146
156
163
12
272
34
9
Township Area
58 63
54
55
46
114
7
8
24
36
35
27
59
86
85
84
FOR
F
3 SH
175
149
186
50
51
53
40
37
143
142
140
164
13
145
48
25
39
38
144
41
145
KACHAVANAHALLI
45
40
39
44
754217
R MD
173
150 155
164
167
144
185
146
147
121
152
26
43
E
H
174
154
269
151
28
24 ¬ «
166
267
151
153
142 141
148
52
30
136
137
150
42
29
38
42
60
152
165
257
188
33
153
159
15 ¬ «
187
138
140
143
31
149
43
160 161
41
55
¬15 «
258
34
139
181
47
30
37
«9 ¬
265
260
32
46
198 199
44
32
124
119
56
¬ «9
259
1
256
261
184
185
186
123
183
158
45
31
116
109
58
57
36
752682
24 ¬ «
266
197
157
122
154
105
61
35
12 ¬ «
262
182
87
183
264
HOSAHALLI
176
33
110
24 ¬ «
263
156
108
106
18 ¬ «
HALASINAMARADAHALLI
103
142
172
Township Area
178
39
177
155
12 ¬ «
38
180
15 ¬ «
32
169
D
751147
18 ¬ «
20
179
KABBAL
96
37
18 ¬ «
33
34
C
749612
30 ¬ «
31 30
B
12 ¬ «
748077
30 ¬ «
A
746542
Proposed Landuse Sathanur
S ca le : 1:15,000
Map No: 47
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Table 9.5: Sathanur proposed landuse statistics-2031 Landuse
Area (Ha)
Area (sq km)
Percentage
RESIDENTIAL
763.73
7.64
40.61%
COMMERCIAL
94.56
0.95
5.03%
INDUSTRIAL
612.48
6.12
32.57%
PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC
41.43
0.41
2.20%
PARK & OPEN SPACE
72.61
0.73
3.86%
PUBLIC UTILITY
8.60
0.09
0.46%
247.22
2.47
13.14%
Agriculture
0.00
0.00
0.00%
WATER BODIES
40.12
00.40
2.13%
Forest
0.00
0.00
0.00%
Hillock's/Quarry's
0.00
0.00
0.00%
1880.77
18.81
100.00%
TRANSPORTATION
GRAND TOTAL
KANAKAPURA LPA
The overall statistics of the LPA as per proposal of Master Plan 2031 is given in the table below. The total conurbation area is 11233.27 Ha as shown in the table below.
Table 9.6 A: Conurbation area statistics-2031 Category
AREA (In Ha)
Percentage
11233.27
27.2%
204.42
0.5%
AREA BEYOND CONURBATION (agricultural zone)
29840.31
72.3%
TOTAL LPA
41277.99
100.00%
TOTAL CONURBATION AREA DEVELOPED AREA BETWEEN KAGGALIPURA - HAROHALLI
The overall statistics of the four conurbations is as follows
P a g e | 144
MASTER PLAN -2031 A
768298
B
769528
C
770758
D
771988
E
773218
FOR
F
774448
KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA KEY MAP
152
111
157
15
¬ «
140 137
15
¬ «
139
169
166
420
391
431
63
419
421
167
62
¬ « 15
3 15 163
53 49 54
429 428
10 57
56
2
381
8 9
Ba
379
274
365
275
364 362
278
359
272
355
354
356
280
51
45 49 47
284
82
12
¬ « 7
46
59
57 61
8
9
6
10
77
76
4
60
75 81
¬ « 18
13
3
15
16
113
2
65 66
14
115
120 119
112
111
114
1 67
17
18
21
23
108
110
NH -2 0
9
12
¬ «
PRR
100
STRR
90
IRR
90
TRR
90
RR Road
60
18
<> <>
<> <>
Area in Hectare
Residential
1183.62
53.52%
37.77
1.71%
121.30
Industrial
Public & Semi-Public Park & Openspace
3.57%
13.24%
Water Bodies
60.94
2.76%
0.00 0.00
Hillock's/Quarry's
0.00
Total
12
¬ «
ALAKABELALU
78.99
7.51%
292.71
Forest
150
12.21%
Transportation Agriculture
0
5.48%
270.11 166.12
Public Utility
4
%
300
µ 600
2211.56
900
0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
100.00%
1,200
Meters
Government of Karnataka
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 5
THATTAGUPPE
NELAGULI
769528
Landuse
¬ «
SOMANAHALLI
A
NH - 209 By-Pass
Commercial
¬ «
¬ «
12
18
¬ «
¬ «
THARALU
¬ «
768298
Symbol
15
¬ «
Proposed Roads
Cadastral Tank
128
18
¬ «
30
Proposed Landuse Analysis - Kaggalipura Conurbation
¬ «
15
¬ «
b Æ
Existing Road to be Widened
Cadastral Hillock
22
24 31 25
118
Railway Station
3
GULAKAMALE
109
¬ «
Railway Line
20
NAGANAYAKANAHALLI
¬ «
Village/Other Road
35
19
12
63
64
11
5
62
80
283
Major District Road
Drainage
129
39
40
41
43
58
56
79
281 282
Village Boundary
Electric power lines
36
38
257
42
78
¬ «
¬ «
5
50
53
271
258
260 259
54 270 269 55
358 357
SH - 92
N
268
253
256
261
263
52
State Highway
Building
37
74 68 327 350 107 32 286 353 12 190 116 73 330 352 43 347 436 50 40 13 83 349 287 156 329 87 72 288 69 38 37 328 33 346 348 160 39 35 88 121 326 285 127 159 60 52 387 336 157 106 14 332 158 36 117 57 34 51 166 28 44 45 18 345 86 333 335 344 48 27 289 30 70 291 84 165 325 46 71 26 89 290 122 152 41 56 155 334 337 153 47 126 154 427 29 42 85 33 343 324 338 34 167 16 339 340 90 104 92 55 123 15 21 91 426 42 99 323 292 40 321 169 101 342 3 4 53 41 150 24 151 168 149 46 125 100 309 320 43 93 17 341 170 169 39 105 38 124 310 103 178 179 180 32 322 168 36 18 1 294 319 31 170 94 95 2 5 144 311 102 35 22 293 46 177 37 59 318 18 49 44 317 146 406 96 147 171 10 15 145 47 307 166 30 17 25 167 148 23 21 316 6 48 176 295 45 174 97 98 181 299 1 54 18 5 20 312 296 18 22 53 173 308 50 45 172 26 34 171 182 175 9 29 19 11 315 9 165 385 298 12 51 7 20 20 20 18 48 300 142 297 173 405 16 161 19 22 164 32 12 21 313 49 44 143 28 19 162 48 8 8 17 163 183 33 301 10 155 384 314 160 23 172 19 18 306 24 407 53 6 302 21 64 156 27 17 174 184 52 383 157 11 27 24 305 13 159 154 43 14 15 23 25 303 14 47 16 158 7 16 24 8 31 304 1 153 228 23 12 152 45 149 185 54 15 382 29 46 22 28 26 177 4 240 15 28 25 5 42 13 146 30 13 32 151 25 241 150 29 1 41 145 43 44 33 58 55 26 148 31 147 42 12 12 30 239 226 27 227 229 75 36 142 34 138 63 2 27 11 3 14 69 144 26 178 141 28 141 1 176 8 61 39 35 79 29 40 254 143 10 35 36 41 175 30 139 70 38 140 71 73 72 137 68 56 78 77 139 70 31 37 34 81 9 7 137 225 255 8 138 136 74 180 68 179 76 34 62 231 37 140 83 242 67 33 71 72 253 135 32 35 36 256 82 69 88 86 84 182 181 38 230 66 32 39 134 37 136 87 183 6 39 238 62 40 232 18 184 135 131 65 19 5 2 80 38 61 132 33 89 234 133 17 74 40 29 43 44 186 67 63 134 90 30 57 185 1 73 92 20 64 59 93 60 66 30 63 31 41 75 42 45 130 133 187 31 49 4 65 94 129 46 16 233 132 21 64 188 236 29 76 77 3 58 131 95 48 125 127 62 128 58 28 26 22 27 237 15 47 123 14 79 235 78 128 54 129 108 97 124 25 61 28 32 126 13 96 55 96 50 130 243 244 124 60 222 51 97 95 33 122 126 24 56 23 81 53 80 109 27 52 59 12 18 57 11 101 257 217 110 3 119 123 125 55 57 58 9 83 82 107 120 62 2 125 121 8 122 118 98 245 124 102 98 220 218 213 111 61 60 1 7 59 212 85 63 26 127 09 25 126 84 99 34 133 2 221 4 6 86 112 64 117 71 211 H 121 103 100 88 120 66 67 N 115 106 68 116 223 143 4 5 72 100 89 132 69 65 99 5 114 113 105 123 76 70 210 101 127 87 56 224 219 169 24 35 215 214 216 73 94 103 104 119 75 131 6 90 104 170 102 105 74 9 209 8 23 168 167 21 128 122 144 134 142 172 106 205 130 37 171 91 165 197 208 166 115 3 2 7 20 196 248 246 7 25 204 19 22 23 24 36 129 162 207 20 118 164 121 203 247 195 10 135 114 19 144 120 176 174 107 136 93 206 108 18 249 141 22 116 1 113 199 38 92 175 119 118 117 163 161 140 110 32 202 140 11 26 173 18 5 8 24 12 198 116 194 137 200 145 17 191 18 177 111 16 109 4 17 117 160 112 139 143 109 185 201 17 19 142 115 21 33 192 141 20 184 194 159 178 1 2 3 4 110 15 156 158 113 157 14 21 43 16 190 47 139 138 114 44 16 108 107 186 183 156 14 112 13 2 193 35 1 155 189 34 52 12 181 5 39 101 154 3 37 15 14 155 41 10 6 9 10 13 161 51 188 48 162 47 106 11 15 152 50 111 46 46 182 153 102 40 22 187 42 36 151 7 158 175 45 157 56 28 38 23 138 105 8 9 25 176 40 179 180 49 103 150 53 11 41 6 49 45 177 98 54 55 163 48 30 99 100 149 104 57 24 158 159 13 159 26 54 53 178 137 148 39 164
NH-2 09
R
1418291 265
279
277
262
252
254
255
264
266
267
276
K CHUDAHALLI
1414616
234
KAGGALIPURA
360 351
367
366
361
7
11
55
380
235
233
273
¬ «
368
236
227
375 369 374 83 370 377 376 373 100 371 378 372 82
251
249
232
228
222
85
363
6
221
229
NH - 9 20
re ng
alo 1
84
86
¬ « 12
Conurbation Boundary
¬ «
4
50
5
87
230 226
250
231
National Highway
¬ «
B
770758
C
771988
D
773218
E
774448
F
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING KANAKAPURA BMRDA
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
D a te :
M a p T itle
162
52
3 4
220
223
237
210
L.P.A. Boundary
Survey No Boundary
248
238
1413391
161
430
48
69
68
74
225
247
¬ «
1415841
65
388
58
92
239
2
246
12
49
47
389
67
81
73 71
218 219
245
203
¬ «
216 217 224
INDEX
244
198 204 197 205 206 12 211 208 207 209
213
215
93
89
75
72 70
88
80
76
66
91
90
199
212
214
94
97
200
132
240
201 202
196
130
185
¬ «
¬ «
51
77 65
60
59
¬ « 189
61
95
79
78
64
390
18
138
99
131
129
98
425
170
133 128
96
101
135
134
127
118
102
100
392
168 136
104
¬ «
132
135
103
434
18
126
125
193
190
242
1417066
66
116 422 117
121
194 195
¬ «
105
393
141
119 120
191
09 H-2
! 9 ( -20 MDR H N
1415841
12
¬ «
124
188 189
M DR
Sathanur
1414616
112
151
64
65 134
131
63
67
133
110
395
144 141 147 142 146 140 139 138 18 136 137 145
241
MD R
! (
243
R
109
61
114
115
148
123
192
143
186 187
PR
62
122
46
58 59
149
184
18
69
113
177
178
183
¬ «
¬ «
68
60
110
33
112
111
108
106
176
182
12
18
15
¬ «
107
418
34
32
56
417
37
109
179
MD R
Kanakapura
¬ «
150
102
103
51
423
12
180
174
175
169
¬ «
-3
D M
12
15
¬ «
158
107 108
35
432
30
38
41
411 410
29
170
150
181
172 173
¬ «
149
70
100 101
36
55
15
105
104
40
57
71
¬ «
1418291
160
75
54
72
99 98
94
74
39
49 50
52
53
28
171
168
412
18
95
106
1417066
73
48
15
27
44 43 42
¬ «
25
S
Harohalli
M DR
! (
-3 SH
¬ « 15
76
20
167
409
31
165
3 SH
2
97
96
91
148
159
UTTARI
90
24
435
166
151
156
26
159 160
MD R
H
92
14 15
47
77
93
113
78
21
161
153
152
164
9 NH-20
146
45
46
23
15
1
R MD
89
87
147
81
10
79
80
22
155
154
155
163
162
158
«¬
12
88
19
142
156
416
413
154
18
R
86
85
125
82
83
126
124
PR
84
115
2
127
9
414
¬ «
8 116
114
17
16
123
117
145
143
415
¬ «
118
128 1
153
12
122
119
6
m
3 7
120
MD R Kaggalipura
! (
157
403
¬ «
1
402
144
130
121
24
Fr o
129
¬ «
30
5
¬ «
4
Proposed Landuse Kaggalipura
S ca le : 1:12,000
Map No: 44
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Table 9.6B: Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (Four Conurbations) LANDUSE
AREA ( IN HA)
AREA ( IN SQKM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
4514.04
45.14
40.18%
COMMERCIAL
652.05
6.52
5.80%
2334.48
23.34
20.78%
558.17
5.58
4.97%
1062.96
10.63
9.46%
203.82
2.04
1.81%
1497.56
14.98
13.33%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
335.96
3.36
2.99%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
74.23
0.74
0.66%
11233.27
112.33
100%
INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PARK & OPEN SPACE PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES Forest HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
The overall statistics of the four conurbations and developed area between Kaggalipura – Harohalli is given in the table below. Residential area forms 42.26% of the total combined conurbation limit and developed area between Kaggalipura - Harohalli, commercial, industrial, public and semi-public, parks & open spaces, public utility and transportation forms, 5.93%, 21.35%, 5.12%, 9.69%, 1.87% and 13.78% respectively.
Table 9.6C: Proposed Landuse 2031, LPA (including the four conurbations and developed area between Kaggalipura – Harohalli) LANDUSE
AREA ( IN HA)
AREA ( IN SQKM)
PERCENTAGE
RESIDENTIAL
4660.09
46.60
40.74%
COMMERCIAL
653.95
6.54
5.72%
2354.00
23.54
20.58%
564.45
5.64
4.93%
1068.90
10.69
9.35%
205.87
2.06
1.80%
1519.01
15.19
13.28%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
337.19
3.37
2.95%
0.00
0.00
0.00%
74.23
0.74
0.65%
11437.69
114.38
100%
INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PARK & OPEN SPACE PUBLIC UTILITY TRANSPORTATION AGRICULTURE WATER BODIES Forest HILLOCK'S/QUARRY'S GRAND TOTAL
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743229
752819
B
762409
C
771999
D
O FR
UTTARI
M
B
G AN
O AL
E
RE
781589
F
KEY MAP
KAGGALIPURA GULAKAMALE
Kaggalipura
IZ
NAGANAYAKANAHALLI
1
1
K CHUDAHALLI
BIAAPA
THARALU
Nelamangala
ALAKABELALU THATTAGUPPE
SOMANAHALLI
Magadi
NELAGULI
BMICAPA SUNKADAKATTE VADDARAPALYA
1410859
IZ
! (
SH3
! (
Sathanur
Kanakapura
YADAMADU
KAGGALAHALLI
GABBADIKAVAL (P)
I
MUDENAHALLI
Harohalli HAROHALLI
1401269
N
H
-
MARALAGERE
MARASANDRA
Village Boundary
DYAVASANDRA
TO AN E
National Highway
KAL
TO
BHEEMASANDRA BHEEMASANDRA (P)
State Highway
R A
Major District Road
M
KEERANAGERE
A N A A G
JAKKASANDRA
R A SINGASANDRA
CHIKKADEVARAHALLI
CHEELURU DODDAMUDUWADI
3
Cadastral Hillock Settlement
T-HOSAHALLI
ANAJAWADI
3
BANDIGANAHALLI CHIKKAMUDUWADI
RAMAPURA
K TO ANE
AL
Proposed Land Utilisation Area Analysis
SH
VADEDODDI
IZ
Conurbation Boundary
CHULAKANAKEREKAVAL
9 20
3
L.P.A. Boundary
2
HOSAKOTE
HULUGONDANAHALLI
BANNIKUPPE
GABBADI
GABBADIKAVAL
MEDAMARANAHALLI
Harohalli
INDEX
1401269
2
BIDAD
Anekal
! (SKanakapura H-
BETTAHALLIKAVAL
FROM
! (Kaggalipura
3
RAVUGODLU
VADERAHALLI
APZ-1
SH
1410859
NETTIGERE
VADERAHALLI (P)
Hosakote
09
A
NH2
733639
MASTER PLAN -2031 FOR KANAKAPURA LOCAL PLANNING AREA
-3 GANALU
ARALALUSANDRA
1391679
RAYASANDRA
TUNGANI
Symbol
Landuse
TIGALARAHALLI
ANAMANAHALLI
KALLAHALLI
WATER BOIDES
BARADANAHALLI
Kanakpura
KANAKAPURA
67.0%
945.1
2.3%
3.0%
TOTAL
29840.31
72.3%
Grand Total
41278.00
100.0%
CONURBATION
KANAKAPURA (P)
%
27645.35
1249.86
FOREST
ARANAKUPPE
THAMMASANDRA
Area in Hectare
AGRICULTURE
AGRAHARA
1391679
ALLIMARANAHALLI
11437.69
27.7%
N
4
SH
H
-2
09
VIRUPASANDRA
3
TAILURU FOREST
SHIVANAHALLI
Sathanur Township
ARALALU
09
HANUMANAHALLI
-2 NH BOMMANAHALLI
5
09 -2 NH
Sathanur
2,250
4,500
6,750
9,000
Meters
I
ANAMANAHALLI
1,125
BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
AM
NARIPURA
ACHALU
0
Government of Karnataka
NGG
THOTAHALLI
µ
LL
KACHAVANAHALLI
YADUGOWDANAHALLI DALIMBA
SASALAPURA
TIGALARAHOSAHALLI
HA DI
HALASINAMARADAHALLI
SEEGEKOTE
TO S A
HOSAHALLI
9
BEKUPPE
KO
KABBAL
20
SH-3
TO
NH
CHOKASANDRA
SH -92
1382089
KAMBASAGARA
1382089
ALUR
4
CHEERANAKUPPE
DESHOHALLI
SATHANUR
5
MUDALASWAMIKUPPE KEMMALE HONNIGANAHALLI
A
743229
N
KADAHALLI
B
752819
C
762409
D
771999
E
781589
F
Ma p T it le
733639
R C.
1372499
TO
MEMBER SECRETARY ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR OF KANAKAPURA PLANNING AUTHORITY TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING BMRDA KANAKAPURA
AR AG
METROPOLITAN COMMISSIONER BMRDA
Proposed Land Utilisation Local Planning Area
Da te : Sc al e : 1:90,000
Ma p . N o : 4 3
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
The statistics of the agricultural zone (area beyond the four conurbation limit) is as follows
Table 9.6 D: Landuse statistics of the agricultural zone LANDUSE
AREA ( IN HA)
AREA ( IN SQKM)
PERCENTAGE
AGRICULTURE
27645.35
276.45
67.0%
WATER BODIES
1249.86
12.50
3.0%
945.1
9.45
2.3%
29840.31
298.40
72.3%
11437.69
114.38
27.7%
41278.00
412.78
100.0%
FOREST TOTAL CONURBATION Grand Total
9.6.2
PROPOSED TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 2031
Progress follows the lines of transportation. Transportation Corridors are generally considered as lifelines of any town / city. An efficient Traffic and Transportation system promotes socio - economic activities. Kanakapura LPA hasone National Highway (NH-206), one State Highway (SH 3), four Major District Roads with good network of roads. One of the major objectives of MP is to provide broader roads within Kanakapura LPA with good hierarchy of roads. Its aim is to provide an efficient and feasible circulation plan for the entire LPA. The total area covered by traffic and transportation use in the conurbation area is 105 ha, constituting 4.1% of developed area. By and large the inter town traffic movement is convenient. But due to very narrow road network in the town area, there are many intra town traffic problems and proposals for the same are to be made. Some general guidelines for better connectivity are addressed: All village roads within LPA having width less than 18 m are proposed for widening to 18 m Right of Way (ROW). Within the Town limits, Major roads are proposed for widening to ease out the traffic movement vide o o o
Budikere Main Road Pipeline Road Sangama Road
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Parking space needs to be proposed along commercial access roads and around bus-stand areas by undertaking detailed studies. Improvements of major intersections: Sufficient space for pedestrians, signals and utilities along with wide footpath and cycle tracks are to be provided along main market, shopping/commercial street through detailed studies. Wherever feasible cycle tracks are separately provided. Buffer zones/green spaces are proposed for NMT. Pedestrian Refugee islands and other road features are to be proposed for road width above 18 m ROW. Any road development/ redevelopment/ widening proposal shall be done according to the road sections annexed (Annexure 8) are implemented.
City Traffic and Transportation Studies (CTTS) are made for BMR, 2031. This CTTS would be referred to for provision of Traffic Management proposals in the Kanakapura LPA. Road circulation plan for the entire LPA is prepared under this master plan exercise showing the alignment and pattern of all existing and proposed roads in the LPA. PROPOSALS 1. Widening of Village Roads: All village roads within LPA which are less than 18 m are proposed for widening to 18 m. 2. Segregation Of Regional And Intra-Settlement Traffic Town Ring road has been proposed around Kanakapura which is the major growth node of the LPA. It would act as a conurbation boundary as well as serve the purpose of diverting traffic from the centre of the town. 3. Segregation Of Freight Traffic Since major industrial areas have been proposed in the LPA a separate freight corridor is required separating the intra settlement traffic and freight traffic. Presently the NH 206 is the route for both freight as well as normal traffic. TRR (town ring road) has been proposed so serve the purpose by diverting heavy traffic away from the town Centre.
4. Proposal Of New Roads To Increase Connectivity New roads have been proposed to increase the connectivity to developed areas in the LPA. New roads are also proposed for better zoning and guide future developments. However, if further need arises for improving connectivity, study (DPRs) should be taken up for feasibility
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analysis for new road development. Roads should be constructed as per accepted road design norms. 5. Improvement of Intersections Improvement of major intersections at all conurbations should be carried out as per the accepted road design guide lines. Signalization of intersections should be carried out wherever feasible. Detailed studies (DPRs) should be taken up for this purpose.
6. Planning For Non-Motorized Traffic (NMT) And Pedestrian Facilities Kanakapura town and all the major settlements in the LPA have to be planned for NMT and easy pedestrian movement. Studies should be taken up at the town level to arrive at detailed planning proposals for NMT mainly for cycling and pedestrian friendly circulation pattern. Old market area is proposed for Pedestrian Zone by restricting the traffic movement during specified hours. This can be achieved besides other measures that will be adopted Buffer zones/green spaces under HT lines, along major drainage lines and area surrounding lakes/ponds/tanks will be explored for NMT infrastructure for better NMT accessibility as per DULT recommendations.
7. Planning For Parking Facilities Parking facilities is completely absent in the LPA. With the growth of the population in the LPA and the consequent vehicular growth, proper planned parking facilities are indispensible part of the development. Studies (DPRs) will be taken up at LPA level to recognize inherent problems and to arrive at detailed proposals for parking in the four conurbations. 8. Planning for Public Mass Transit There is no mass transit mode in the LPA at present. However, it is anticipated that there would be a high demand in this corridor due to the huge industrial developments. Feasibility study (DPRs) for mass transit between the Harohalli to Bangalore should be taken up to examine the viability of mono rail or metro rail in this corridor. 9. Planning for Multimodal Transit To encourage multimodal transit integration, it is desirable to have the terminals located wherever more than one mode like rail and road are present and they can be integrated. Such facilities may be looked into in Kanakapura, Harohalli and Kaggalipura through detailed studies.
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10. Location of Bus Stands, Bus depots and Bus Bays Within the town limits, bus stands/stops are proposed for every 250-300 m with suitable shelter facility. In all layouts with more than 10 ha extent, bus bays shall be indicated as a part of the layout within the property boundary of the layout. The existing properties of BMTC/KSRTC are reserved for traffic and transport use. Such transport facilities should be studied and designed in the four conurbations. 11. Truck Terminals/ freight complex/ logistics hub and Provision of Infrastructure near Truck Terminals/ freight complex/ logistics hub As far as possible the traffic and transportation use should be located as per the envisaged activity. It is desirable to have truck terminal/ freight complex/ logistics hub next to or along the side of the industrial use/ KIADB industrial areas. Map no 27 shows the proposed Circulation Pattern in the Kanakapura LPA. The following tables show the statistics of the roads in the LPA.
Table 9.7: Road Inventory of Kanakapura LPA. Road Width
Length (in km)
Area (sq m)
12
58.56
0.70
15
74.75
1.12
18
101.62
1.83
24
80.92
1.94
30
100.85
3.03
90
13.62
1.23
Total
430.33
9.85
Besides the roads proposed by the Master plan there exists BMR proposed roads in the LPA (IRR, STRR, and TRR). The statistics of the roads are given in the table below.
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Table 9.8: Road Inventory of BMR proposed roads Type
Road Width (m)
Length (km)
Area (sqkm)
IRR
90
7.55
0.68
PRR
100
6.93
0.69
RR
60
8.64
0.52
TRR
90
24.67
2.22
STRR
90
9.08
0.82
56.87
4.93
Total
9.6.3
ROAD WIDENING AND BUILDING LINE
The following roads have been identified in the LPA for widening.
Table 9.9: Inventory of Roads proposed to be widened in the Master plan 2031 SL
ROAD NAME
EXISTING WIDTH (m)
PROPOSED WIDTH(m)
1
NH 209
20
30
2
SH3
12
18
3
BUDIKERE MAIN ROAD
12
30
4
PIPELINE ROAD
8
20
5
SANGAMA ROAD
12
30
The Proposed building line from the major roads has been listed in the table below.
Table 9.10: Building Line proposed for major roads Sl. No.
Name of the Road
Proposed right of way (m)
Building line from the edge of ROW (m)
1
STRR
100
10.0
2
IRR
90.0
10.0
3
TRR
90.0
10.0
4
RR
60.0
6.0
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For National Highways, State highways, Major District roads, other district roads and village roads standards specified (road width, building lines etc.,) by the Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India are to be followed vide Govt. Notification No: UDD 251 BMR 2005, dated 22-12-2005 and other circulars of Government of Karnataka) For all existing roads of width more than 15m shall be provided minimum of 3m building line.
9.6.4
STRUCTURE PLAN POLICIES AND PROPOSALS
LAND UTILISATION AND ENVIRONMENT The land utilization study along with the LCA lead to the formation of the following policy sets. The policy set in the BMR RSP 2031 is universally applicable to all LPAs. The table below lists the policies and their recommendations.
Table 9.11: Structure Plan proposals – land Utilization and Environment SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
LU1
Land allocation strategy to promote compact development
2
LU2
Designating urban areas that serve as urban reserves or transition zones
3
LU3
Decentralization and relocation of congestion generating uses from BBMP
4
LU4
5
LU5
Development framework to integrate proposed industrial estates
6
LU6
Minimizing conflicts between the proposed industrial estates and ecologically sensitive areas.
7
LU7
Environmental impacts of industrial estates
8
LU8
Green belt management and inclusion in the conservation zone
9
LU9
Assessment of the proposed conurbations of the Interim Master Plans
10
EV1
Conservation of productive agricultural lands
11
EV2
Promote sustainable agricultural practices
Urban agriculture should be encouraged to achieve urban food security and local employment generation
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12
EV3
Protection of Surface water Bodies
13
EV4
Active rejuvenation of lakes and tanks
14
EV5
Water demand based land use
15
EV6
Strict control on Ground water extraction
16
EV7
Integrated Water shed management
17
EV8
Protection of Environmentally Sensitive Areas
18
GEV 9
Active Integration of Wastelands in the development strategy
19
GEV 10
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
All mining and quarrying activities should be strictly monitored and controlled to effectively address development and environmental issues in a balanced manner.
ECONOMY The existing situation shows that the major industrial locations are concentrated on the North-West part of the region, starting from Peenya and extending towards Nelamangala and beyond. The rest of the region dominated by textiles and agro industries are concentrated in and around the existing towns. An analysis of the present investment trend, as depicted by the BMR RSP 2031, however shows the presence of major investment attraction potential along Kanakapura road, Mysore road and BMIC. The national and state level strategies have spurred economic growth in the regions in the post 2000 period. The emergence of the SMEs and creation of major infrastructural facilities like the BIA have given rise to a major growth to the Bangalore region. However, basic infrastructure like power, transport and water are still concerns for sustained economic growth. High land prices have lead to a shortage of affordable housing leading to increasing informality in housing and longer travel hours. In view of the above economic situation the draft BMR RSP 2031 proposes the following economic policies as listed in the table below.
Table 9.12: Structure Plan proposals – Economy SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATION
1
E1
A comprehensive and elaborate land allocation strategy should be formulated for BMR
2
E2
Industrial and any other economic locations should be identified based on land capability.
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3
E3
Spatial spread of economic activities should be planned
4
E4
Growth of service sector in the BMR should be encouraged.
5
E5
Encouraging SMEs in the region
6
E6
7
E7
BMR should be developed as centre for high-end scientific and engineering industries.
8
E8
BMR should be developed as business tourism destination
BMR should be developed as a nodal area for locating educational, healthcare facilities and research institutions
Spatial developed initiatives like new townships / residential areas outside BBMP should 9
E9
be made integral with the local economy of existing settlement and in conjunction with larger hinterland.
10
E 10
11
E 11
Small scale and medium scale polluting industries should be located outside the BBMP Settlements in BMR should be made economically sustainable by clustering of economic activities. The areas within the city and emerging investment destinations across BKR and existing
12
E 12
towns (cluster and growth nodes) should be connected with efficient public transport system.
13
E 13
14
E 14
15
E 15
16
E 16
Local Economic Development (LED) policy should be developed at each town level as a part of the Local Area Development Plan to boost employment in the surrounding towns. Special hawking zones within the Bangalore city and in identified locations in each zone should be earmarked. Environment impact of industrial estates Proposed industrial estates and large investment destinations should be so developed to integrate with local economy and livelihood.
TRANSPORT The BMR draft RSP 2031 compliments the policy recommendations of the SP 2011 for a balanced regional growth. The policies are hence aligned towards removing the regional imbalances and increasing the efficiency of the transport systems. The table below highlights the policies of the draft RSP 2031 for transport sector.
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Table 9.13: Structure Plan proposals – Transport SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATION
1
T1
Support and Enable the sustained growth of regional business
2
T2
Increasing the share of public transport systems
3
T3
Rail based transport systems and networks
4
T4
Road based transport systems and networks
5
T5
6
T6
Interrelationships between transport policy and housing and labour markets.
7
T7
Linking the new international airport to the major urban centers
8
T8
Promote urbanization and us of NMV
9
T9
Expansion of Bangalore Metropolitan Land Transport Authority (BMLTA)
10
T10
Public Transport be developed taking into account the size of the urban settlement i.e. smaller towns vis a vis the core
Transport proposals be within the larger framework of a Comprehensive Regional Traffic and Transport Study
Overview of the Transport Recommendations of BMR 2031 for Kanakapura LPA
Road Transport Recommendations: The Intermediate Ring Road (IRR) and the Peripheral Ring Road (PRR) should be realigned in locations where they intersect ecologically sensitive areas and in areas where there are existing major roads nearby. The right of way (RoW) of the major roads, i.e. arterial road ( 55m) , sub-arterial roads (35m) and other major roads (25m), have been specified. Exclusive bus lanes have been suggested for the arterial roads and the sub-arterial roads. Access from arterial roads shall be only through service roads whose access would be controlled. Sub-arterial roads shall have access to adjoining properties but interval for median opening and intersections should at least be one kilometre.
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Freight Transport Recommendations: There is a proposal for development of integrated freight hub at Kanakapura near Harohalli.
HOUSING The draft Revised Structure Plan 2031 makes policy recommendations for reducing the demandsupply gap in the housing sector and to reduce the regional imbalance in terms of housing types. The RSP recommends provision of serviced land with transport and employment facilities to give the growth nodes and the clusters a spur of development. It also suggests about shifting the role of the KHB from housing builder to more of a housing facilitator and providing housing to the poor at subsidized rates. In-situ up gradation programmes of the slum areas should be undertaken and housing needs of the urban poor should be addressed as a part of the housing strategy. The table below lists out the housing policy of the draft RSP 2031 which remains same in aggregate as the SP 2011.
Table 9.14: Structure Plan proposals – Housing SL
POLICY
1
H1
RECOMMENDATIONS
Government land should be provided within the priority growth centres and new urbanisable blocks for ‗composite‘ and ‗joint venture‘ A policy to restructure the functions, roles and operations of the Karnataka Housing Board (
2
H2
KHB), through innovatory changes in the regulatory framework, should be implemented to shift focus from house builder to land assembler and infrastructure facilitator as a joint venture partner with the private sector for the provision of housing
3
H3
4
H4
5
H5
Measures are required to be taken to provide land for group housing for the urban poor at subsidized or controlled prices The main focus of the Karnataka Slum Clearance Board (KSCB) should be on in-situ upgradation through self-help processes incorporating the participation of appropriate NGO‘s. A range of innovative housing supply solutions, including rental housing, should be encouraged to help meet the housing needs of the urban poor. A programme to carry out regular housing needs surveys and to maintain an appropriate
6
H6
housing management information system in support of the formulation of effective housing policy and supply targets.
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7
H7
Chapter 9|Master Plan Proposals
Unauthorized layouts to be regularized within the overall strategic intent of the BMR RSP 2031
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION The RSP 2031 has the following recommendations for water supply and sanitation.
Table 9.15: Structure Plan proposals – Water Supply SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
W1
Adequate measures to augment supply from surface water source in the BMR
2
W2
Ensure quality supply in the BMR
3
W3
Improve efficiency of utilization
4
W4
Advocate better waste management and conservation measures
5
W5
Implement measures to protect water bodies and tanks
Table 9.16: Structure Plan proposals – Sanitation SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
S1
Maximise the utility and efficiency of the existing sewerage systems in the BMR
2
S2
Measures to be taken for augmentation of sewer network
3
S3
4
S4
Encourage waste water
treatment using appropriate technology to protect
environment and promote the reuse of treated water for non-potable uses Enforce vigilance against uncontrolled discharge into network.
POWER The BMR RSP 2031 proposed increase in power generation in the region by using alternative and ecologically friendly sources and municipal wastes. It also envisages private players on the power generation region. It strives to ensure quality supply of power by use of clean coal technology and renovation of the old power plants in the region. Stringent efficiency standards and emission norms
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on vehicles to reduce demand of conventional fuels is also proposed. Operational and financial performance of distribution network should be improved and demand may be reduced by replacing power intensive industries through R&D.
Table 9.17: Structure Plan proposals – Power SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
P1
Enhance power generation capacity with optimum utilization of source
2
P2
Ensure quality supply of power to the BMR region
3
P3
Improve operational and financial performance of the distribution sector company
4
P4
Introduce improved mechanisms for demand side management so as to reduce the demand for energy
TELECOM
Table 9.18: Structure Plan proposals – telecom SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
TC1
Improve telecom connectivity in the rural districts of BMR
TC2
Provide fair and transparent policy environment forth e telecom market
TC3
Enhance capacities of telephone exchanges
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The BMR draft RSP 2031 provides policy guidelines for the up gradation of the solid waste management process in the BMR. It proposes the setting up of an integrated solid waste management facility in the region and utilization of advanced technology to make solid waste disposal a safe and profitable affair. It also proposed involvement of people for better facilitation of MSW management by creating awareness through concepts like concepts of source segregation. The table below lists out the policy guidelines.
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Table 9.19: Structure Plan proposals – Solid Waste Management SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
SWM 1
Integrated solid waste management in the region
SWM 2
SWM 3
Advanced technologies and practices are to be developed to treat the waste before final disposal and create new economic opportunities Stakeholder involvement in solid waste management Encourage decentralized small waste treatment and disposal facilities with the
SWM 4
support of community based organizations to reduce pressure on the centralized facilities and to extend the life of the centralized facilities
SWM 5
Private public participation in waste treatment and disposal
SWM 7
Mandate segregation of waste at household level
The RSP 2031 proposed the establishment of integrated solid waste management facility at Kanakapura. These facilities are proposed to be centres for waste storage, processing and disposal in the area. A buffer zone of 500 m should be created around the site as no development zone by notifying the prohibition of development in a buffer zone.
EDUCATION The draft RSP envisages removing the regional disparity in education level and raising the general education level in the region. It also provides policies to create a workforce more apt to the requirements of the region.
Table 9.20: Structure Plan proposals – Education SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
ED1
Mandate minimum standard for all the schools
2
ED2
3
ED3
Enhance capacity of vocational education courses so as to match the employment potentials of the region Improve access and availability of quality education in the rural areas
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HEALTH There exists regional disparity in terms of health status as in reported by the Task Force on Health and Family Welfare 2001. The high level of privatization in the health sector in the Bangalore Urban district creates a sophisticated pool of medical resource which is absent in the surrounding Bangalore rural and Ramanagara district. The heath policies of the draft RSP hence aims at up grading the health scenario in the region.
Table 9.21: Structure Plan proposals – health SL
POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1
HE1
Improved access and availability of quality healthcare in Bangalore rural district
2
HE2
Use of technology to improve accessibility and availability of health services
3
HE3
Decentralised and participatory process in health planning and monitoring
9.6.5
SECTORAL PROPOSALS
ECONOMY
INCREASING WORK PARTICIPATION IN THE LPA
The work participation rate in the LPA (Kanakapura Taluk) is 38% that of Kanakapura Town is 17.5%, whereas that in Karnataka is 41% and at the national level it is 39%1. An increased work participation rate of 40% should be targeted for the entire LPA (including Kanakapura Town) till the horizon year 2031. Government
employment
programmes such as
Prime Minister Rozgar
Yojana (PMRY),
Swarnajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojna, and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act should be enforced efficiently to increase work participation. The industrial potential of the area should also be used to generate employment for local people. Industrial estates and large investment destinations should be so developed as to integrate with the local economy. Open settlements should be preferred over closed or gated communities.
1
Census 2011
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PROMOTING SMALL SCALE, TINY AMD COTTAGE INDUSTRIES
Small scale, tiny and cottage industries should be promoted through proper financial, marketing and distribution schemes. Small scale and cottage industries requires less start-up capital, are labour intensive, offer better employment opportunities to women and are often better platforms for local craftsmanship. Hence promotion of such industries serves the purposes of employment generation, preserving local craft and empowering women.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIES ON GROUND WATER
The industrial perspective plan for Kanakapura Taluk lists a range of industries in small scale and medium scale sector as potential investment options. However, the LPA along with the entire BMR region is under a threat of water scarcity. Hence proper water management plan should be prepared before commencement of industrial activities to address issues like ground water depletion, ground water recharge through water treatment, ground water pollution etc.
RELOCATION OF INDUSTRIES FROM BANGALORE
The RSP 2031 specifies relocation of industries from BBMP limits to outer BMR as one of the economic strategies. Viability of relocating these industries in the LPA may be looked into, to introduce industries with established markets into the area. Total of 1168.3 HA of land has been proposed under KIADB industrial area in four phases. 101.17 Ha of land has been allocated for women entrepreneurs in phase IV of KIADB industrial area.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL ECONOMY
Local economy should be strengthened in the entire LPA. Planned commercial centers should be introduced at the major growth nodes in the LPA – Kanakapura, Harohalli-Kanakapura and Sathanur. The influx of population in the LPA would demand a proper commercial network within the LPA for basic service delivery. Regularization of Delivery chains and markets should be taken up as a major project
SERICULTURE TO BE GIVEN A BOOST
The provisions of the ―Suvarna Vastra Neethi 2008-1013‖ should be utilised to develop sericulture as the prime activity in the LPA. The centrally sponsored ―Catalytic Development Programme" should be implemented with the assistance of Central Silk Board. Schemes under Catalytic Development Programme like Drip
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irrigation, construction of rearing houses, raising of mulberry saplings, Installation of multi end reeling machines, Incentive for Bivoltine Silk etc. are very popular. In order to ensure production of better quality cocoons and silk with increased productivity, these programmes under Catalytic Development Programme should be stepped up for which adequate funds will be made available under the State and Central sector. The initiatives of The National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC) should be supported and expanded to establish Chawki Rearing Centre (CRC) and for capacity building and skill development of the local farmers. Detailed study should be undertaken to investigate the cause of slow development of sericulture despite high potential and necessary investment plan for the sector. Kanakapura Town should be used as the focal center for the LPA for development of capacity building, processing and marketing facilities subject to its viability during the detailed study.
INTEGRATION OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL ESTATES WITH LOCAL ECONOMY & LIVELIHOOD
Large industrial units have been planned in the Harohalli Bidadi Cluster. Precision Engineering and Machine Tools, Textiles, Plastics, Construction Material and Rubber and Agro and Food based Industries have been proposed in the Taluk Industrial development Plan. These are some of the sectors with highest backward and forward linkages. Forward and backward linkage of these units should be analyzed in detail to boost the local economy. Art silk, Synthetic textile manufacturing, Land based Transport, Petroleum products, retail, rubber tyre manufacturing, recycling industries, Real estate should be used as key industries for boosting the local economy. Detail studies should be carried out for estimating the quantum of forward and backward linkage and the investments required.
AGRICULTURE
Food Park has been proposed at Harohalli by the department of Horticulture/ Food Karnataka Ltd. Agro and Food Industries have been proposed as primary industries in the Taluk Industrial Plan. The Taluk is also an AEZ for Gerkins and Rose onions. Processing industries should be promoted for value addition. Capacity building of the farmers in terms of knowledge development and awareness of latest technologies, soil health improvement (by crop rotation etc.), water conservation and micro irrigation, integrated post-harvest processing, crop insurance and credit facilities should be undertaken.
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Soil moisture conservation and soil fertility improvement program through watershed approach. Composting/green manuring/ tank silt recycling should be promoted. Promoting alternate land use systems like Agri-horti system for arable lands (mango, sapota, tamarind, jack fruit etc.) and Horti-silvi system (mango, sapota + silver oak, casurina, teak), Silvipasture (block plantation of acacia, silver oak, casurina, D.Sisso, Meliaazardicta, cassia and muthuga + S.hamata, S.scabra, calaproimum, anjan, Guinea macuaena, etc.) for non-arable lands. Dryland vegetables (chilli, beans, brinjal, tomato, cluster bean, gourds etc.), Floriculture (chrysanthemum, jasmine, crossandra marigold, roses etc.) fruits (guava, papaya, banana), sericulture and coconut plantations should be promoted. Livestock component (local draught animals, dairy, sheep, piggery, rabbit, apiculture) should be developed.
COMMERCIAL CENTRE AT KANAKAPURA
There is an absence of a commercial center in the LPA. Since Kanakapura is the Taluk headquarters, a regional commercial level should be planned in the town. The proposed landuse plan hence shows a large area dedicated for commercial activities.
HOUSING
AUGMENTATION OF HOUSING SUPPLY
Housing Stock for both affordable and other categories has to be augmented to support the induced population in the LPA. Private real estate development should be encouraged and properly planned along with other models of housing for viability and utilization of common delivery chains. Composite and Joint venture housing schemes of the government along with private sector should be encouraged.
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25% of proposed industrial area2 should be used or housing workers and model of housing should be subsidized by the industrial authority. Housing Schemes such as Indira Awas Yojna, Dr.Ambedkar Housing Scheme, Ashraya Schemes should be promoted to increase its reach among people.
SLUM IMPROVEMENT
Detail exercise of slum identification should be carried out in the LPA. Slum development should be brought under National Programmes such as the Rajiv Awas Yojna. Internal ear-marking of local body funds should be carried out for provision of basic services to the poor. Security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery of other already existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security should be planned for. Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing projects (both public and private agencies) for EWS/LIG category with a system of crosssubsidization should be carried out. Development programmes for Slums should also be carried out under the programmes funded by The Karnataka Slum Development Board.
ENVIRONMENT
CONSERVATION OF PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL LANDS
The Kanakapura LPA has some of the most fertile agricultural land in the BMR and has been designated as an Agri Export Zone (AEZ). Hence all new developments and landuses have been planned protecting the productive agricultural lands in the LPA.
PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
Sustainable agricultural practices should be followed in the LPA. Soil health should be continuously monitored and programmes such as "Bhumi-TayiyaArogya" should be promoted to recover soil quality and fertility. Drip Irrigation should be introduced for crops which do not require flooded fields.
2
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Crop rotation practices should be introduced into the cropping practice to ensure soil fertility and productivity.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
Integrated Water management programmes should be adopted by the municipalities and urban local bodies to ensure sustained supply of water to the LPA. Incessant digging of bore well should be controlled and water loss during transmission and distribution should be minimized. Waste water treatment should be introduced to recycle and reuse waste water. All surface water bodies should be protected, maintained and enhanced for long term ecological well-being and water supply.
MINING AND QUARRYING
Uncontrolled mining and quarrying activities should be stopped. Mining and Quarrying activities should run with proper licensing along with detailed survey and inspection of potential damage to natural resources, human settlements and otherwise.
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER SUPPLY
Any plan on water supply must be preceded by a land use plan. New water treatment should be planned to serve principally first to serve new development areas and then to serve the deficit areas. Dead end system of distribution of water supply should be adopted as the network system due to its cost advantage. Minimum capacity for water purification system must be for 1 MGD from economic point of view, below which it is not recommended.
PROPOSALS
AUGMENTATION OF WATER AVAILABILITY FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL NEEDS
The area experiences shortage of water and wells are the main modes of sustenance in rural areas as well as part of urban areas. Ground water in this area is fast depleting. The water supply demand
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for future has been discussed above. Hence supply of tap water to the LPA needs to be augmented for both domestic and industrial use.
AUGMENTATION OF WATER QUALITY
It has been shown in the study that at present only 20% of the population in the LPA avails treated tap water supply. At present there are no treatment plants in the LPA. Water treatment has to be made an integral part of the water supply scheme to supply water free of iron and fluoride. NEW WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES
The study shows that 14% of the population avail water away from their dwelling unit. Water source close to dwelling unit should be provided in all areas – urban and rural. New water supply schemes should be introduces to make drinking water available to all.
CREATION OF WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Water treatment plants need to be created in the LPA for providing clean drinking water. 0.22 sq. km area has been assigned for utilities in the proposed Landuse plan of the Kanakapura LPA while Harohalli and Kaggalipura have 0.69 and 0.19 sq. km of area assigned for utilities and services. Treatment plants can be setup centrally for the entire LPA or decentralised in north and south zones.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Operation and maintenance of water supply pipes and water treatment
plant is necessary to meet
the future demand of water. All the above strategy will fail if there is no proper maintenance. All pipeline leakages need to be identified to prevent loss of water. While ULBs shall enhance the tariff base over a period of time to ensure that O&M is payable from the revenues, there is an immediate requirement of O&M funds so as to ensure that the assets created under the scheme are properly maintained.
REDUCTION IN LOSSES IN WATER SUPPLY BY PUBLIC AWARENESS
A series of workshops should be organised across the region to create public awareness on the importance of water as a national resource and the severe consequences of wasting and polluting water. Industrial clusters are a source of severe water loss which can pose a serious threat in future. The State Government along with NGOs should come forward for campaigning.
STRUCTURED PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
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Private sector participation is desirable in the PPP format in the sector so that there is a balance between risks and responsibilities between the government Agencies and the Private Sector. In view of the same, private Sector Participants shall be invited to leverage on the following possible benefits: • Reduction of involvements of Public finance or redirecting them to the poor; • Induction of greater technical and management expertise; • Provision of a more responsive service to the customers; • Sourcing of additional financing;
IMPROVEMENT OF GROUND WATER SITUATION
1. Industrial growth should be effected in a planned manner and it will be mandatory for the units to allow periodical monitoring of water quality from nearby wells on a regular basis by agencies like SPB/PHE and should be open for cross checking; 2. For ground water based industries, regular water level and quality monitoring have to be made compulsory; 3. Rain water harvesting measures have to be adopted by all the industrial establishments where the water level is not shallow;
DRAINAGE AND SANITATION
Considering that there is virtually no systematic drainage system, it is felt necessary for each city to draw up an integrated drainage and sewerage system for the entire area. Accordingly it will be the endeavours of the city to design and implement an integrated system on a phase wise basis. The drainage system will be set up initially in Kanakapura and then extended to the other areas of the region. The drainage plan shall be worked out on the basis of Master Plan, GIS, Land Use & Control Plan and the existing Drainage Channels. Generally, drains shall be provided along the existing roads, existing rails and proposed roads and rails. The cost of the Integrated Drainage System shall be worked out through Detailed Studies and Assessment and will be taken up for implementation thereafter.
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However, the present situation merits urgent attention and requires implementation of immediate improvement schemes. In view of the same, immediate action plans have been worked out for implementation.
OBJECTIVES
To develop and improve the storm water drainage in KLPA and the new developing areas by 2031. To solve the water logging problems in the urban areas with better networking of drains. To cover all existing drains after their repairing by 2021. To achieve complete coverage of sewer network in newly developing areas along with progress of development. To provide total sanitation to major rural areas by 2021. To achieve complete coverage of sewerage network by 2031, since laying of sewer lines in already developed and congested areas would be difficult. To make KLPA free from open defecation by 2031 as per Government of India‘s total sanitary campaign. The Industrial waste generation has not been considered in the above calculation. Industrial waste has to be treated separately before releasing into the network. The tolerance limit of the of the release fluids must conform with the standards prescribed in IS:3306-1974. The volume of industrial waste would depend on the type of industrial units proposed. The design volume of the sewerage system would therefore be calculated on the basis of domestic and industrial waste generated in the LPA.
PROPOSALS
IMPROVEMENT OF DRAINAGE NETWORK
The surface drains do not have total coverage in the LPA. Kanakapura town has surface drainage system in the 5 percent of the total area. In rural areas surface drains are absent. Surface drains have to be constructed to cover all settlement areas. Drain covers to be provided to all new and existing drains. P a g e | 167
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COMPLETE COVERAGE OF SEWER NETWORK
The sewerage system has to be extended to cover all settlements in Kanakapura LPA. 71.6 km of sewerage system is already under proposal to be constructed in Kanakapura town. The total area proposed to be developed in the LPA is 27 sqkm and the total length of road network proposed is 10152 km. Hence an additional 10125 km of sewerage network has to be constructed in order to bring the coverage up to 100 percent. The design period of the sewerage system should at least be 30 years. The trunk sewer line from the sources to STPs shall be laid along the contour. The advantage of natural slopes along the streams, rivers and road network should be adopted while designing the trunk sewer line.
TOTAL SANITATION TO RURAL AREAS: SANITARY TOILETS
Provision has to be made for assistance to BPL households to build sanitary toilets and upgrade their septic tanks and construct soak pits, to extend sanitation facilities in the entire LPA.
CONSTRUCTION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
Sewage treatment plants have to be constructed in the LPA for treating sewage. Tertiary treatment of sewage can be used as a strategy for ground water recharge through reclaimed sewage, since water scarcity is a major issue in the LPA. For treated industrial wastes to be released for irrigation purposes, the final fluid must conform with BIS code IS: 3307-1965.The STPs shall be accessible for ease in construction and repairing of plant and machineries.
COMMUNITY AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
A community awareness campaign is needed to make people aware about the benefit of sewer connections and how it can enhance the present living conditions and environmental quality in their areas.
SAFE DISPOSAL OF WASTES AND UTILISATION
Appropriate measures have to be taken for safe disposal of septic tank and other wastes. Detachable dumping chutes should be constructed at selected points in the sewerage system for disposing of the
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night soil collected from individual houses. The sewage after treatment should be disposed of either into a water body like lake, stream, river, ocean or into the land. The sewage may be utilised for several purposes such as (i) Industrial reuse or reclaimed sewage effluent in cooling systems, boiler feed, process water etc., (ii) Reuse in agriculture and horticulture, watering of laws, golf courses etc. (iii) Ground water recharge for augmenting ground water resources.
PUBLIC TOILETS
Provision of public toilets in the market areas and in the LIG areas.
CONSTRUCTION OF COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREAS
Construction of common effluent treatment plants (CETP) must be made mandatory in the industrial areas for treatment of industrial wastes before release into the sewerage network.
MUNICIPAL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Proper fund allocation must be made for operation and maintenance of the sewage system. Appropriate organisational/ institutional framework must be provided in the newly developed areas of Harohalli, Kaggalipura and Sathanur for operation and maintenance of sewage network.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
In, India municipal wastes have to be managed as per the provisions of Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 promulgated under Environment Protection Act, 1986. As per these rules, all the biodegradable municipal solid wastes shall be required to be processed by appropriate biological processing method. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 has made MSWM the Litigation responsibility of Urban Local Bodies (City Corporations and Municipal Corporations), which asks for source segregation of waste for cleaner composting and recycling. Further, the Supreme Court of India, acting on Public interest Litigation directed all urban local governments to install scientific solid waste treatment plants before a set deadline. Thus the installation of a scientific solid waste management system, though a costly proposition for most of the urban bodies, has become an
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imminent necessity. Also the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India, has issued the Municipal Solid Wastes (management and handling) Rules in the year 2000, which identify the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) as the agency to monitor the implementation of these rules.
PROPOSALS
INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
In view of the projected growth in population and absence of any MSW facilities it is proposed to have Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) complex.
MANAGING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Existing municipal solid waste management system would follow the following strategies for efficient management in the future.
COLLECTION OF WASTE
Increasing the coverage and efficiency of collection mechanism would help in better management and in reducing the formation of unhygienic and open dump sites. Segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable Components shall be carried at source or at primary collection centres.
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES
On the basis of availability of land and financial resources with the service provider, either of the methods — aerobic composting, anaerobic Digestion or sanitary land filling could be adopted for treatment and disposal of waste. However, since it appears that land filling would continue to be the most widely Adopted practice in India in the coming few years, in which case certain Improvements need to be done to ensure sanitary land filling and not mere dumping of Waste.
AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
Awareness Campaign shall be carried out in order to educate the general public about the disposal of solid waste at the right place. Awareness campaign shall also be carried out to show and illustrate the segregation of solid waste. Benefits about cleanliness and hygienic environment should be taught.
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LANDFILL FACILITY
Landfill facility is present for Kanakapura town, though it is not adequate for horizon year 2031. Land has been allocated for utilities and services in the Landuse plan of Harohalli, Kaggalipura and Sathanur. Land fill facilities should be located within those areas after proper design considerations.
INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY REFORM
Strengthening urban local bodies to perform efficiently in managing the waste and ensuring strict enforcement of the recently introduced municipal solid waste (Management and handling) rules. It is also imperative to harness and integrate the role of three emerging actors in this field — the private sector, NGOs, and rag pickers — into the overall institutional Framework.
MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES WASTE SEGREGATION
Many wastes are mixtures of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Much of their contents may even be water. By segregating key toxic constituents, isolating liquid fraction, keeping hazardous streams away from non-hazardous wastes, generator can save substantial amounts of money on disposal or find new opportunities for recycling and reuse of wastes. The Ministry of Environment, Government of India, had identified toxicity of different chemicals, through the ‗Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989‘ in exercise of power conferred by Section 6, 8 and 25 of Environment Protection (E.P). Act, 1986, and had notified mandatory requirements for its management. In India quantum of generation of wastes (solid/liquid and hazardous/non-hazardous) for different industry has not been detailed, which is necessary for wastes exchange system or for adopting treatment/ disposal alternatives for different wastes segregated.
COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
The unsatisfactory state of storage of hazardous wastes can be remedied to a large degree by such low-cost measures as restricting access, fencing off the storage area to minimize any wind-blown nuisance, providing separate covered storage for putrifiable of hazardous wastes, and ensuring regular and frequent collection. There are certain measures a municipal authority can take to control the transportation of industrial wastes, even if it does not want to become actually involved itself. For instance, contractors should be licensed after ensuring that they are technically competent and P a g e | 171
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environmentally aware and should be allowed to handle industrial wastes. Labelling and coding of hazardous waste load can be made mandatory so that in the event of an accident, the emergency services know how to handle a spillage. Municipal authorities can be given the responsibility to monitor the contractors to minimize cases of fly-tipping and ensure that industrial wastes are disposed at the appropriate sites. If a municipal authority can also collect industrial waste; industries must pay the charge which will be based on the quantity and nature of the waste. This might minimize the quantity of waste produced by industry and at the same time the programme will become financially viable and self-sustaining. The principle ‗the polluter pays‘ should be adhered to in all such cases.
COMBINED TREATMENT FACILITIES
Small-scale industries, which contribute about more than half of the total production, also generate huge quantity of wastes. The small-scale industries are not in a position to treat their solid wastes or liquid effluent because of space, technical know-how and financial constraints. It is, therefore, deemed that in a cluster of small-scale industries the different wastes are characterized, identified, quantified and stored for treatment through a combination of recycling, recovery and reuse of resources such as, raw material, bio-gas, steam and manure, besides providing an efficient service facility, to make the system less expensive. The combined effluent treatment plants (CETP) are to be operated by the local bodies, where the cost of construction, operation and maintenance need to be shared by individual industries depending upon the quality and quantity of wastes generated. However, such common treatment facility may require pre-treatment at individual industry to the extent specified by the State Pollution Control Board. With regard to availability of wastes along with their identification, quantum of waste generated should also be ascertained so that technology development/adoption can be considered on economic grounds for a small-scale or organised sector of industry. If economics justify movement of wastes over longer distances for a centralised plant, specific subsidies for storage, collection and transportation could be considered. CETPs are being successfully operated in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh and such facilities should be promoted in other States. Small scale industries having waste characteristics similar to those of nearby large industry having waste treatment facilities can take help in treating their wasteson payment basis.
DISPOSAL METHODS
Depending upon the characteristics of the wastes, different types of disposal methods can be used for hazardous and non-hazardous industrial wastes. The most predominant and widely practiced methods for wastes disposal are: (a) Landfill, (b) Incineration and (c) Composting.
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Landfilling is still the major disposal method in many countries. Yet in many instances landfilling sites are not properly chosen in terms of geophysical soil properties, hydrogeology, topography and climate. On a proposed site there is a need to carefully consider the potential for ground or surface water contamination from pollution by leachate migration or surface run-off from the site. Nonetheless, even when a site appears to have the right geophysical properties, its selection and use are not an absolute guarantee that contamination of ground water can be avoided. Hence, continuous surveillance of the site and its surroundings must be maintained to check that the disposal of hazardous wastes can continue without posing a threat to the environment and to the general public. To reduce this threat landfill sites have been lined, for example with plastic materials, in order to prevent leaching into groundwater supplies. Landfill sites for industries should be proposed in the industrial Landuse area after proper consideration of contours and design specifications of the industrial park.
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SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The pivotal role of social infrastructure in development has been recognized in the various national and state level planning policies. In conformation with the national and state agenda, healthcare has been given prime importance during the master planning process. A stock of existing facilities has been taken and the deficiencies and requirements for year 2031 have been calculated. The existing indicators of the health have been analysed and targets have been set till the year 2031.
HEALTH
INCREASING HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
Healthcare facilities need to be augmented as per the requirement of the LPA. INCREASING ACCESSIBILITY TO HEALTHCARE
Healthcare facilities should be set up for every village, cluster and major town so that basic healthcare is accessible to all people. Regulatory and administrative framework should be strengthened to ensure availability of medical professionals in all healthcare institutions. Mobile health clinics can be introduced to improve accessibility in remote areas. Healthcare should also be made a part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for the industries that would be set up in the region. Technology like telemedicine should be used to make healthcare accessible in remote corners of the LPA. HEALTHCARE MONITORING
Regular monitoring of health statistics should be undertaken in the LPA to prepare a database and monitor increase or decrease in health status. Monitoring should be specially undertaken in and around industrial areas to analyse the impact of industries on public health.
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Institutional and administrative framework should be strengthened and organized to ensure swift service delivery and strict monitoring and operation of healthcare services. Decentralization of healthcare service should also be accomplished at LPA level, wherein monitoring can be done through Panchayats and Civil Societies.
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EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL FACILITY REQUIREMENT
The following table shows the requirement of educational facilities in the LPA. Basic education would be strengthened by providing primary and secondary schools at settlement level ensuring proper accessibility and connectivity from all areas of the LPA. Colleges would be provided at the three major clusters i.e. Kanakapura, Harohalli – Kaggalipura and Sathanur. Technical Institutions, Engineering colleges and Medical colleges would be planned across the LPA to increase technical capacity in the workforce to match the employment potential of the region.
INCREASE LITERACY RATE IN THE LPA
The literacy rate of Kanakapura Taluk is 65.1%, whereas that in Karnataka is 75% and the national literacy rate is 74.5%. Basic education facilities need to be strengthened to increase the literacy rate. Education programmes such as mid-day meals, free bicycles, free uniforms and bags should be promoted in order to achieve the goal.
INCREASE ENROLMENT RATIO IN THE LPA AND DECREASE DROPOUT RATE
There is a sharp decrease in enrolment rates in the LPA in secondary schools. Schools should be set up within communicable distances from villages so that education is accessible to everyone. Incentives should be provided so that students do not have to leave education to support their families economically.
STUDENT TEACHER RATIO
Student teacher ration should meet the standards prescribed by the ‗Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009‘. A ratio of 1:30 should be maintained in primary schools and 1:35 should be maintained in secondary schools.
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN SCHOOLS
Infrastructure facilities should be improved in schools across the LPA. Separate girls‘ toilet should be provided in every unit. Drinking water facility and play grounds should be made compulsory in all schools. Universally accessible design of structures should be followed for all units.
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CHAPTER 9A
PROPOSED LAND USE ANALYSIS FROM MP PROVISIONAL TO FINAL APPROVAL After receiving the objections and suggestions by the public same is placed before the committee constituted for hearing objections and suggestions. Accordingly the committee has case by case verified the objections and recorded the decisions. The following final meeting proceedings will give entire details considered for final approval of master plan.
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Extension of conurbation area due to: 1. Additional are proposed by the KIADB 2. Existing development in between the Harohalli and Kaggalipura and surrounding villages 3. Regarding objections and suggestions considered by the committee 4. Technical reasons like planning, proper zoning regulations and etc.
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CHAPTER 10
ENFORCEMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION As per Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, Master plan is prepared to guide and regulate the growth of dynamic urban areas; Master Plan is a physical development plan or land use plan and is prepared taking into account the land requirement for various uses for a growing community. In many ways, Master plan lays down the blueprint for the development of a region and direction in which growth of the region must be shaped. The proposals of Master Plan have to be implemented by all concerned stakeholders for it to be an effective instrument for urban planning. The implementation of Master plan proposals must be reviewed on a periodic basis and a mechanism must be in place for evaluation of the extent to which identified actions are successfully accomplished.
10.1 ACTIONS
The identified actions for monitoring can be summarized broadly as follows: 1)
To develop compact and complete urban communities
Compact community is a high density urban settlement and is the most sustainable urban form. Compactness has many advantages, less cost of providing services, less carbon footprint, forging strong community links being the foremost. A complete urban form has a well-defined and developed street network with equitable allocation of road space for all modes; mixed land use that reduces the need and length of a trip; focus on public transport and walking and cycling. Parameters for review: Density of development; Completeness of street network with specific focus on completion of missing links; width and quality of footpaths; creation of bus-bays; development of bus terminals; priority to public transport by providing dedicated lanes for buses; development of cycle tracks etc.
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2)
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To enhance the character and quality of public realm to suit the varied requirements of
the community. What makes an urban community liveable? Historically, many towns/cities always had a main market streets, public plazas etc. where people could congregate and interact. The public realm comprises of the places where the children could play; the old could meet and chat and the young could hang-out, and the people in other age-groups could catch up with their friends after work or exercise in the mornings or do their shopping without the threat of being run over by a passing vehicle. Public realm must have something for every age group. Well-developed Parks, play grounds, pedestrianized areas etc. enhance the quality of public realm. Parameters for review: Development of parks on hierarchical basis (neighbourhood/ city /town level); Networking of green spaces along nalas, lakes, rivers etc./ buffer spaces to form a network of green links for walking/cycling; Pedestrianization of market streets, temple streets, heritage areas etc.
3)
To proactively encourage the development
of a sustainable community by
discouraging use of personal vehicles and thereby, reduce the carbon footprint of the community. Unbridled growth of personal vehicles adds to congestion, air-pollution and increase in unproductive time spent in commuting for the community. Many indirect costs like parking costs are not considered when people make a choice to buy a two-wheeler or a car as parking is free in many of our cities/towns. Parking on streets also reduces the road width available for movement of people/vehicles and further causes congestion problems. Like good habits that need to be inculcated from childhood, paid parking has to be implemented irrespective of the fact that the city/town has manageable traffic. Parameters for review: Implementation of parking policy with parking pricing; demarcation of areas where vehicles can be parked and where they cannot be parked; enforcement measures; Provision of cycle parking etc. 4) To facilitate seamless freight movement while ensuring that the ambience of the city is not affected due to movement of trucks etc. through the city. Parameters for review: Development of designated parking areas for heavy goods vehicles/logistic hubs. 5) To preserve historically and culturally important landmarks, and to ensure that public infrastructure and facilities within the city/town are aesthetically designed and constructed
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from architectural and functional point of view, and contribute to enhancing the ethos of the city/town.
Parameters for review: Identification of historically and culturally important buildings and development of plans for their preservation; developing design guidelines for new public buildings. 6) To enhance the per-capita green space in the city/town with attention to protection of local bio-diversity.
Parameters for review: Development of guidelines for city plantation; extent of plantation proposed during the year etc.
10.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION Master plan for the plan period 2031 will be successful only if the objectives listed above are implemented in co-ordination with all implementing agencies. It is necessary to put in a mechanism to ensure that implementation of master plan proposals are periodically reviewed. A master plan review committee is set up under the Deputy Commissioner of the district as follows, for this purpose.
Sl.
Members
1
Deputy Commissioner of concerned District
Chairman
2
Representative of B.M.R.D.A not below the rank of Deputy Director
Member
3
Executive engineer, P.W.D.
Member
4
Representative of Zilla Panchayat
Member
5
Commissioner/ Chief Officer of respective Municipality
Member
6
Member Secretary of Local Planning Authority
Member-Convener
7
Representative of BWSSB,BESCOM ,KAIDB & KHB( invitees as and when required)
Member
The committee is expected to meet every quarter to review the performance with respect to specific targets that must be identified in the first meeting of the committee. All the proposals/ projects/ schemes identified for implementation or enforcement are prioritised to be developed in phases over the plan period of 20 years depending on the mode of development and funding.
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An independent evaluation of master plan will be done by BMRDA every five years to gauge the effectiveness of the implementation of the Master plan proposals.
10.3 FISCAL PLAN FOR 2031 The fiscal requirement for infrastructure provision based on the proposals of the Master Plan 2031, have been calculated as shown in the table below. Unit prices have been considered from similar projects elsewhere. Table 10.1: Financial proposals
ROADS SL
CATEGORY
WIDTH (m)
LENGTH (km)
LAND ACQUISITION COST (CRORE)
DEVELOPMENT COST
TOTAL FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT
STRR
90
9.08
781.89
72.64
854.53
TRR
90
24.67
2124.37
19.74
2144.10
IRR
90
7.55
650.15
6.04
656.19
4
RR
60
8.64
669.61
6.22
675.83
5
MASTER PLAN PROPOSED ROADS
18
101.62
1575.12
121.94
1697.07
6
MASTER PLAN PROPOSED ROADS
24
80.92
1672.36
97.10
1769.47
7
MASTER PLAN PROPOSED ROADS
30
100.85
2605.32
121.02
2726.34
10078.83
444.70
10523.53
1 2 3
TOTAL
PARKS AND PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLIC PLACES
SL 9
PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
10
PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC USES
AREA PROPOSED IN MASTER PLAN (Ha) 10.02 6.20
LAND ACQUISITION COST (CRORE)
DEVELOPMENT COST
TOTAL FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT
8628.42
10.02
8638.44
5338.94
6.2
5345.14 13983.59
TOTAL FINANCIAL OVERLAY
24507.12
The total cost of provision of transport infrastructure including the BMR proposed roads (STRR, IRR, RR, TRR) is 4330.65 crores. Provision public amenities in the LPA till 2031 would require a capital sum of 13983.59 crores. The total capital required is 24,507.12 crores.
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PART II ZONING REGULATIONS
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
ZONING REGULATIONS
1.1 INTRODUCTION In order to promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of the community, it is necessary to apply control and reasonable limitation on the development of land and buildings. This is to ensure that most appropriate, economical and healthy development of the entire Kanakapura Local Planning Area including Kanakapura Town takes place in accordance with the land use plan, and its continued maintenance over the years. For this purpose, the LPA is divided into number of use zones, such as Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public and Semi Public, Park and Open Space etc. Each zone has its own regulations, as the same set of regulations cannot be applied to the entire area.
Zonal Regulations protects residential areas from the harmful invasions of commercial and industrial uses and at the same time promotes the orderly development of industrial and commercial areas, by suitable regulations on spacing of buildings to provide adequate light, air, protection from fire, etc. It prevents overcrowding in buildings and on land to ensure adequate facilities and services.
Zoning is not retrospective. It does not prohibit the uses of land and buildings that are lawfully established prior to the coming into effect of these Zonal Regulations. If these uses are contrary to the newly proposed uses, they are termed non-conforming uses and are gradually eliminated over years without inflicting unreasonable hardship upon the property owner.
The Zonal Regulations and its enforcement ensure proper land use and development and form an integral part of the Master Plan. It also ensures solutions to problems of development under-local conditions.
The Zonal Regulations for Kanakapura Local Planning Area prepared under the clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 12 of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 are detailed below:
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1.1.1 Establishment of Zones and Zonal Maps The local planning area is divided into use zones such as Residential, Commercial, Industrial, etc., as shown in the enclosed maps.
1.1.2 Zonal boundaries and interpretations of Zonal Regulations. These regulations set out the various uses of land:
a.
Those are permitted.
b.
Those may be permitted under special circumstances by the Authority in different zones.
The regulations governing minimum size of plot, maximum plot coverage, minimum front, rear and side setbacks, minimum road widths and maximum number of floors and height of structures are set out in these regulations.
NOTE: a.
Where there is uncertainty as regards to the boundary of the zones in the approved maps, it shall be referred to the Authority and the decision of the Authority in this regard shall be final.
b.
For any doubt that may arise in interpretation of the provisions of the Zonal Regulations, the Authority shall consult BMRDA or the Director of Town & Country Planning, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore.
c.
Where there is uncertainty in identifying alignment of nala, canal, river, existing public road, railway line, high-tension line and any religious building position and also survey number boundaries in the approved maps, it shall be referred to the actual position on ground and decision taken by the Authority in this regard shall be final.
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1.1.3 Definitions In these Zonal Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires, the expressions given below shall have the meaning indicated against each of them. 1.
“Act” means the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act (K.T.C.P. Act), 1961.
2.
„„Addition or Alteration” means a structural change including an addition to the
area or change in height or the removal of part of building, or any change
to
the
structure, such as the construction or removal or cutting of any wall or part of a wall, partition, column, beam, joist, floor including a mezzanine floor or other support, or a change to or closing of” any required means of access ingress or egress or a change to fixtures or equipment „„as provided in these Zonal Regulations. 3. „„Amalgamation” means clubbing of two or more authorized plots. 4. „„Amenity” includes roads, street, open spaces, parks, recreational grounds,
playgrounds, gardens, water supply, electric supply, street lighting, sewerage, drainage, public works and other utilities, services and conveniences. 5. „„Apartment” means a room or suite or rooms, which are occupied or which is
intended or designed to be occupied by one family for living purpose. 6. „„Apartment building / multi dwelling Unit” means a building containing four or
more dwelling units, or two buildings blocks, each containing two or more dwelling units on a given property. This word is synonymous with residential flat. 7. "Applicant” means any person who gives notice to the Authority for any approval
with an intention to take up any development work. 8. “Auditorium” means Premises having an enclosed space to seat audience and
stage for various performances such as concerts, plays, music etc. 9. “Authority” means Planning Authority constituted for Kanakapura Local Planning
area under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. 10. “Balcony” means a horizontal cantilever projection including a handrail or
balustrade, to serve as passage or sit out place. 11. “Basement storey or cellar” means any storey, which is partly / wholly below the
ground
level. The basement height should not project more than 1.2 m above the
average ground level. 12. “Bifurcation” means bifurcation of a plot into two. 13. „„Building” includes;
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b. A structure on wheels simply resting on the ground without foundation; c. A ship, vessel, boat, tent and any other structure used for human habitation or used for keeping animals or storing any article or goods on land. 14. “Building Line “means the line up to which the plinth of buildings may lawfully
extend
within the plot on a street or an extension of a street and includes the
line prescribed, if any, or in any scheme. 15. “Building Set Back” is the minimum distance between any building or structure from
the boundary line of the plot. 16. “Bus Depot” means premises used by public transport agency or any other agency
for parking, maintenance and repair of buses. These may include the workshop. 17. “Bus Terminal” means a premises used by public transport agency to park the
buses for short duration to serve the public. It may include the related facilities for passengers. 18. „„Carriageway” means the clear motorable width within the road right of way without
any obstructions such as drains, trees, electric poles, etc. The carriageway surface may be or may not be paved. Width of the carriage way or the width of the pavement depends on the width of the traffic lane and number of lanes. 19. „„Chajja” means a continuous sloping or horizontal cantilever projection provided
over an opening or external wall to provide protection from sun and rain. 20. “Chimney” means a structure usually vertical containing a passage or flue by which
the smoke, gas, etc., of a fire or furnace are carried off and by means of which a draught is created. 21. “Civic Amenity" means a market, a post office, a bank, a bus stand or a bus depot,
a fair price shop, a milk booth, a school, a dispensary, a maternity home, a child care centre, a library, a gymnasium, a recreation centre run by the Government or Local Authority, a centre for educational, religious, social or cultural activities or philanthropic service run by a co-operative society or society registered under the Karnataka Societies Registration Act, 1960 (Karnataka Act 17 of 1960) or by a trust created wholly for charitable, educational or religious purposes, a police station, fire station, an area office or a service station of the Local Authority or the Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board or the Karnataka Electricity Supply Companies, State and Central Govt. offices and such other amenity as the Government may by notification specify. 22. “Clinic”: A premises used for treatment of out–patients by a doctor. P a g e | 189
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23. “Clinical Laboratory”: A premises used for carrying out tests for diagnosis of
ailments. 24. “Commercial Building” means a building or part of a building, which is used as
shops, and/or market for display and sale of merchandise either wholesale or retail, building used for transaction of business or the keeping of accounts & records for similar purpose; professional service facilities, corporate offices, software services, offices of commercial undertakings and companies, petrol bunk, restaurants, lodges, nursing homes, cinema theatres, multiplex, kalyana mantapa, banks ,community hall and clubs run on commercial basis. Storage and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building shall be included under this group, except where exempted. 25. “Common Wall” means a wall built on land belonging to two adjoining owners, the
wall being the joint property of both owners. a)
If two adjoining owners build a dividing wall on their property, they are not common walls and no part of the footings of either wall shall project on to the land of the adjoining owner, except by legal agreement between the owners.
b)
Any such „„common” or “dividing” wall shall be considered for the purpose of these byelaws, as being equivalent to an external wall as far as the thickness and height are concerned.
26. “Community Hall” means congregational place to be developed by Government or
Local Bodies, Trust, Society, etc., and having a Hall without separate kitchen and dining. No upper floor shall be permitted. 27. “Convention Centre” means premises having enclosed space for conducting
seminars, conferences and exhibitions without cooking facilities. 28. “Corner Plot/ Corner Site” means a plot facing two or more intersecting
Streets/Roads. 29. “Corridor” means a common passage or circulation space including a common
entrance hall. 30. „„Court yard” means a space permanently open to the sky either in the interior or
exterior of a building within the site around a structure. 31. “Covered Area” means area covered by building / buildings immediately above the
plinth level, but does not include the space covered by; a. Court yard at the ground level, garden, rocky area, well and well structures, plant, nursery, water pool, swimming pool (if uncovered) platform around a tree, tank, fountain, bench with open top and unenclosed sides by walls and the like; b. Drainage, culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully-pit, chamber gutter and the like; P a g e | 190
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c. Compound or boundary wall, gate, un-storied porch and portico, chajja, slide, swing, uncovered staircase, watchman booth including toilet. The area covered by watchman booth or pump house shall not exceed 15 sqm depending on the size of the plot and its requirement. d. Sump tank and electric transformer. 32. “Cross Wall” means an internal wall within the building up to the roof level or lintel
level. 33. “Cultural Building” means a building built by a Trust, Society, Government or Local
body for cultural activities. 34. “Density” means concentration of population expressed in terms of number of
persons per hectare in a particular area. 35. “Development Plan” means Plan containing proposal for construction of one or
more buildings. 36. “Detached Building” means a building, the walls and roof of which are independent
of any other building in the same plot with open spaces on all sides, except the portion covered by the garage. 37. „„Duplex” means a residential apartment in two levels connected with an internal
staircase. 38. “Drains” means natural valleys intended for flow of storm water /rain water. 39. „„Drainage” means the removal of any waste liquid by a system constructed for this
purpose. 40. “Dwelling Unit /Tenement” means an independent housing unit with separate
facility for living, cooking and sanitary requirements. 41. „„Exit” means a passage, channel or means of egress from any floor to a street or
other open space of safety. 42. “External Wall” means the outer wall of the building not being a partition wall even
though adjoining a wall of another building and also a wall abutting on an interior open space of any building. 43. “First Floor” means the floor immediately above the ground floor or stilt, on which
second and other floors follow subsequently. 44. “Flatted Factory” means a premises having group of non-hazardous small
industrial units as given in Schedule I having not more than 50 workers and these units may be located in multi-storeyed industrial buildings. 45. “Floor” means the lower surface in a storey on which one normally walks in a
building. The general term “floor” does not refer basement or cellar floor and mezzanine. P a g e | 191
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46. „„Floor Area Ratio”(FAR) means the quotient of the ratio of the combined gross area
of all floors, except the areas specifically exempted under these regulations, to the total area of the plot, viz. Floor Area Ratio =
Total floor area of all the floors ---------------------------------------------Plot Area
47. “Footing” means the projecting courses at the base of a wall to spread the weight
over a large area. 48. "Foundation” means that part of structure which is below the lowest floor and which
provides support for the superstructure and which transmits the load of the superstructure to the bearing strata. 49. “Frontage” means the width of any site/land abutting the access/public road. 50. „„Garage” means a structure designed or used for the parking of vehicles. 51. “Government” means the Government of Karnataka. 52. “Ground Floor” means immediately above the level of the adjoining ground level on
all sides or above the basement floor. 53. “Guidance Value” is the value fixed by the Sub-Registrar for the land/building as per
The Karnataka Stamp Act -1957. 54. “Gas godown” means premises where LPG cylinders are stored. 55. “Ground Coverage” means the total area covered by building immediately above
the plinth level. Swimming pool, sump tank, pump house and electric substation, utilities are not included. 56. „„Group Housing” means apartments or group of apartments on a minimum plot size
of 1 hectare or more with one or more floors and with one or more dwelling units in each floor. They are connected by an access of not less than 3.5 m in width, if they are not approachable directly from the road. 57. “Habitable Room” means a room occupied or designed for occupancy by one or
more persons for study, living, sleeping, Eating, cooking but does not include bathrooms water closet compartments, laundries serving and storage pantries, corridors , cellars, attics and spaces that are not used frequently or during extended periods. 58. “Hazardous Building” means a building or part thereof used for:
a. Storage handling, manufacture of processing of radioactive substances or of highly combustible or explosive materials or of products which are liable to burn with extreme rapidity and/or producing poisonous fumes or explosive emanations; P a g e | 192
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b. Storage, handling, manufacture or processing of which involves highly corrosive, toxic or noxious alkalis, acids, or other liquids, gases or chemicals producing flame, fumes and explosive mixtures, etc. or which result in division of matter into fine particles capable of spontaneous ignition. 59. “Head Room” where a finished ceiling is not provided the lower side of the
Joists or
beams or tie beams shall determine the clear headroom. 60. „„Height of Building” means the vertical distance measured in the case of flat roofs
from the average road level of the site to the top of the roof and in the case of pitched roofs up to the point where the external surface of the outer wall intersects a finished surface of the sloping roof and in case of gable facing the street, the midpoint between the eave-level and the ridge. Architectural features, service no other function except that of decoration shall be excluded for the purpose of measuring height. Water tank, chimneys, lift room, stair case room, and parapet are also excluded for the purpose of measuring height. The aggregate area of such structures shall not exceed 1/10th of the roof area of the building upon which they are erected. 61. “Heritage Building” means a building possessing architectural, aesthetic, historic or
cultural values, which is declared as Heritage building by the Planning Authority, Kanakapura or any other Competent Authority within whose jurisdiction such building is situated. 62. “Heritage Precinct” means an area comprising heritage building or buildings and
precincts thereof or related places which is declared as such by the Planning Authority, or any other Competent Authority within whose jurisdiction such building is situated. 63. „„High Density Development” means development which include star hotels,
shopping malls, multiplexes, commercial complexes, IT and BT. 64. “High-rise Building” means a building of height of G+4 or 15 m or more above the
average ground level. However, chimneys, cooling towers, boiler, rooms/ lift machine rooms, cold storage and other not-working areas in case of industrial buildings and water tanks, and architectural features in respect of other buildings may be permitted without reckoning for height. 65. “Hospital” is premises providing medical facilities of general or specialized
nature for treatment of indoor and outdoor patients. 66. “Hotels”: A premises used for lodging or payment with or without boarding facilities.
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67. “Integrated Residential Schools”: A premises having educational and playing
facilities for students up to XII standard and also having boarding facilities for students and faculty members. 68. “Industrial Building” means a building wholly or partly used as a factory, for the
manufacture of products of all kinds and related activities (including fabrication and assembly, power plant, refinery, gas plant distillery, brewery, dairy, factory, workshop etc.) 69. “IT Infrastructure companies” means the real estate Infrastructure developer or a
builder, registered under Indian Companies Act, 1956, having core competency in constructing IT office space for sale or for lease cum sale to IT Industry for the purpose of IT activities by the IT industry. 70. “IT/ITES Park” is defined as exclusively delineated or earmarked site/area of 2000
sqm land and above managed and developed/ to be developed with IT office space and other amenities and made available on lease basis for IT industry, to provide “ plug and play” facilities as per the stipulations contained herein. 71. “IT/ ITES Campus” is defined as IT office space and other amenities developed by
an IT Company on its own land and for its own use. 72. “IT/ITES Special Economic Zone (SEZ)” is notified by government of India as
IT/ITES SEZ developed in an area of 25 acres and above to be developed by a developer or co-developer, according to the provisions of The SEZ Act, 2005. 73. “Junk Yard” means premises for covered semi covered or open storage including
sale and purchase of waste goods, commodities and materials. 74. „„Kalyana Mantapa” means premises where marriages, social and religious
functions are conducted with cooking facilities. 75. “Land Use” includes the purpose to which the site or part of the site or the building
or part of the building is in use or permitted to be used by the Authority on any specified date. Land use includes zoning of land use as stipulated in the Master Plan and the Zonal regulations. 76. „„Layout “means any subdivision of land with the formation of a new road or an
access road. It may consist of single or multiple sites. 77. „„Layout Plan” means sub division of plot (residential or nonresidential) with
proposed road network and provision for Parks and Civic Amenities. 78. “License” means an authorization or permission in writing by the ULB to carry out
any building construction. 79. “Lodging” is a premises used for lodging on payment.
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80. “Loft” means a residual space above normal floor level which may be constructed or
adopted for storage purposes. 81. “Lift” means an appliance designed to transport persons or materials between two
or more levels in a vertical direction by means of a guided car platform. 82. „„Master Plan” means Master Plan, 2031 prepared for the Local Planning Area of
Kanakapura approved by the Government under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961. 83. “Mezzanine Floor” means an intermediate floor between Ground floor and First floor
only, with area of mezzanine floor restricted to 1/3 of the area of that floor and with a minimum height of 2.20m. Mezzanine floor is permitted on commercial uses only. Such Mezzanine floor shall be accessible only from the Ground floor. 84. “Multilevel Car Parking (MLCP)” means multilevel R.C.C. structure used for vehicle
parking connected to all floors by means of ramps or ramps with mechanical elevators. MLCP can be an independent structure or part of a building with other land uses. 85. “Multiplex” means, a building housing an entertainment and cultural centre including
cinema theatres, restaurants, food courts, shops etc. 86. “Nursing Home” means, a premises having medical facility for in-patient and out-
patient patients, providing up to 30 beds. 87. „„Open Space” means an area forming an integral part of the plot, left open to sky in
a building. 88. “Parapet” means a low wall or railing built along the edge of a roof or balcony. 89. “Parking Space” means an area enclosed or unenclosed, covered or open sufficient
in size to park vehicles together with a drive-way connecting the parking space with a street or any public area and permitting the ingress and egress of the vehicles. 90. “Park”: An area used for leisure, recreational activities, it may have related
landscaping, public toilet and fence. 91. “Playground”: An area used for outdoor games, it may have on it landscaping,
parking facilities and public toilet. 92. “Penthouse” means a covered space not exceeding 10 sqm on the roof of a
building, which shall have at least one side completely open. 93. „„Plinth” means the portion of a structure between the surface of the surrounding
ground and surface of the floor immediately above the ground. 94. “Plinth Area” means the built up covered area of the building. 95. “Plinth Level” means the level of the floor of a building immediately above the
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96. “Plot or Site”: A parcel of land enclosed by definite boundaries and held in one
ownership. 97. “Porch or Portico” means a roof cover supported on pillars or cantilevered
projection for the purpose of pedestrian or vehicular approach to a building. 98. “Public and Semi-Public Building” means a building used or intended to be used
either ordinarily or occasionally by the public and owned by State or Central Government or Quasi Government or Local Authorities such as offices, religious institutions (a church, temple, chapel, mosque or any place of public worship), educational institutions (college, school), health institutions, library, cultural and recreational institutions/theatres of noncommercial nature, public concert room, public hall, hospital run by public institutions, public exhibition hall, lecture room or any other place of public assembly, Dharmashala. 99. “Pump Room” means a room provided below ground level adjacent to sump tank to
house various types of pumps with self-priming mechanism however the entrance shaft of the pump room of a maximum of 2Mx2M may be permitted above the ground level. 100.
“Recreational Club” is a premises used for assembly of a group of persons
for social and recreational purposes with all related facilities. 101. “Repair Shop” is a premises similar to retail shop for carrying out repair of house hold goods, electronic gadgets, automobiles, cycles etc., 102. “Residential Building” means a building used or constructed or adopted to be used wholly for human habitation and includes garden, ground, garages, stables, and other out-houses if any, necessary for the normal use of the building as a residence. 103. “Restaurant” is a premise used for serving food items on commercial basis including cooking facilities, with covered or open space or both having seating facilities. 104.”Retail Shop” is a premise for sale of commodities directly to the Consumer with necessary storage. 105. “Right of way (ROW)” is the width of land acquired for the Road, along its alignment. It should be adequate
to accommodate all the cross
sectional
elements of the highway and may reasonably provide for future development. To prevent development along highways, control lines and building lines shall be provided. Control line is a line which represents the nearest limits of future uncontrolled building activity in relation to a road. Building line represents a line on
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either side of the road; between which and the road no building activity is permitted at all. 106. ”Road Level” is the level of the road at the access to the property or in the event of more than one entrance to the property the road level considered shall be at the centre of the property frontage. The level of the road shall be taken at the centre of the carriage way. 107. “Road Width” means the distance between the boundaries of a road including footways and drains measured at right angles to the centre of the plot. Note: In case of sites at T junction or at the intersection of multiple roads, the width of the road parallel to the site shall be considered. 108. “Room Height” means the vertical distance measured between the finished floor surface and the finished ceiling surface where a finished ceiling is not provided, the underside of the joist or beams or tie beams shall determine the upper point of measurement. The minimum height of the room shall be 2.75 m. 109. “Row Housing” means more than one residential buildings in a row attached to each other with only front, rear and interior open spaces. 110. “Semi-detached Building” means a building detached on three sides with open spaces as specified in these regulations. 111. “Service Apartment” means fully furnished room or suite or rooms with kitchen, which is intended to be used on rental basis. 112. “Service Road” means a road / lane provided adjacent to a plots(s) for access or service purposes as the case may be. 113. “Services” means activities incidental to the land use of the building such as electrical sub-station, electrical panel room, generators, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation & Air conditioning) facilities, plumbing and sanitary facilities, STP, refrigeration and cold storage, firefighting facilities, building management systems, car park management facilities and similar such activities. 114. Service Industry” means an industry where services are offered with or without power. If power is used, aggregate installed capacity shall not exceed 5 HP. The site area shall not exceed 240 sqm. Service industries shall be permitted in the residential and commercial zone under special circumstances and in the light industries zone of the Master Plan as given in Schedule I. 115. “Set back” means the open space prescribed under these Zonal
Regulations
between the plot boundary and the plinth of the building. 116. “Stilt Floor” means a floor consisting of columns, used only for vehicle parking It may also be open parking area provided at ground level and not be covered by P a g e | 197
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enclosures and shutters. The height of the stilt floor shall be a minimum of 2.4m and shall not exceed 3.0m. The height shall be considered for calculating the total height of the building. In case of mechanical or multi-level parking the maximum height shall be 3.6 m. 117. “Storey” means the space between the surface of one floor and the surface of the other floor vertically above or below. 118. „„Staircase Room” means a room accommodating the stairs and for purpose of providing protection from weather and not used for human habitation. 119. „„Town Municipality” means the Town Municipal Council of Kanakapura established under the Karnataka Municipality Act. 120. “Villa” An independent house/dwelling on a given plot. 121. “Wholesale” An area where goods and commodities are sold or, delivered to retailers, the premises include storage/ go down, loading and unloading facilities. 122. “Zonal Regulations” mean the Regulations governing land use made under the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961.
Note: 1. The words and expressions not defined in these regulations shall have the same meaning as in the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961 and Rules, the Building Bye Laws of Bangalore Mahanagara Palike and National Building Code of India 2005. 2. Any other unforeseen situations that arise during implementation of this Zonal Regulations for which provisions are not found in this, the Authority may take decision in consultation with the BMRDA or Director of Town & Country Planning. 3. The Authority till the framing of its own Building Byelaws under Section 75 of the KTCP Act 1961 shall adopt the relevant portions of the Building Byelaws of the Bangalore Mahanagara Palike not covered under these Regulations in respect of size of drawings, qualifications of persons drawing the plans, size of habitable rooms, ventilation, facilities for physically handicapped persons, fire safety requirements, staircase details, etc. in a building 4. Safety measures against earthquake in building construction: Buildings shall be designed and constructed adopting the norms prescribed in the National Building Code and in the “criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures” bearing No. IS 1893-2002 published by the Bureau of Indian Standards, making the buildings resistant to earthquake.
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1.2 ZONING OF LAND USE For the purpose of these regulations, the planning area of the town is divided into following use zones. 1. Residential 2. Commercial 3. Industrial 4. Public and Semi-Public 5. Public Utilities 6. Open Spaces, Parks, Playgrounds, Buffer along River and Burial Ground 7. Transport and Communication 8. Agricultural Use 9. Areas of special control
NOTE: i.
Uses permissible under special circumstances by the Authority in different zones provided that:a) The proposal for all such changes are displayed in the notice board of the Planning Authority, inviting objections from the public within a period of not less than fifteen days from the date of display as may be specified by the Planning Authority.
ii.
Roads are permitted in all the zones.
iii.
Prior to giving permission for religious use and school or college buildings in different zones either under uses permissible or under special circumstances by the Authority, instructions given in Government Circular No. Na A E 237 Be Ma Praa 2009 dated 19-09-2009 is to be followed.
iv.
Uses permitted in all the above category of zones are subject to space standards as given in Table-1.
v.
Space standards for various buildings/ uses in different zones are strictly adhered to while giving permission for change of land use / alienation as prescribed in Table – 1.
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Uses of land that are permitted and those that may be permitted under special circumstances by the Kanakapura Planning Authority in different zones of the local planning area shall be as follows:
1.2.1 RESIDENTIAL ZONE: a. Uses permitted:
Dwellings
units/tenements,
plotted
residential
developments,
villas,
semidetached houses apartments, multi dwelling housing, service apartments, group housing, hostels including working women and gents hostels, old age homes, Dharmashala, orphanages, places of public worship, schools offering higher primary school courses, kinder garden/kids play area, Daycare, crèche (with a minimum site area of 500 sq. m for nursery schools and 1000 sq. m for lower primary schools) public libraries, post and telegraph offices, telephone exchange, Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited Counters, milk booths, HOPCOM centres, STD booths, mobile phone service repairs, computer institutes.
b. Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Municipal, state and central government offices, public utility buildings, cemeteries, golf clubs, Recreational Clubs for local residents noncommercial in nature, banks, nursing homes, higher primary schools with minimum site area of 2000 sqm, hospitals, (with a minimum site area of 750 sq. m and the site is abutting a road of minimum 12 m width), philanthropic uses, fuel storage depots, filling stations, service industries with NOC from KSPCB(for all the above industries and those as per the list given in Schedule-I, power required for air conditioning, lifts and computers are excluded from HP specified above), power loom for silk twisting provided the noise generated shall be within the limit prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India / gas cylinder storage provided it satisfies all required norms of safety, neighbourhood or convenience shops limited to 20 sq. m., internet cafe centres, doctors consulting, Room, not exceeding 20.00 sqm. pay & use toilets and service apartments, vehicle parking including multilevel car parking.
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Note: a) Diesel generators equivalent to the quantity of power supplied by the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) may be permitted as substitute to power cut and power failures in any zone after obtaining information on the quantity of power supplied to a premises and the capacity of generator required from KPTCL. However, in residential zone installation of diesel generators be discouraged and shall be given in exceptional cases after spot verification and obtaining No Objection Certificate from the KSPCB.
b) Where service apartments and other non-residential activities are permitted, fee under section 18 of KTCP Act, 1961 for commercial use shall be levied. c) In case of Multi dwellings exceeding 50 units, a maximum 100 sqm of commercial use may be allowed for the purpose of neighbourhood shops only in case of normal circumstances.
1.2.2 COMMERCIAL ZONE: a. Uses permitted:
All uses that are permitted in residential zone, traffic & transportation and public/semipublic zones subjected to statutory NOC„S like FIRE, KSPCB etc., petty shops/ retail shops & hardware shops, job typing / computer training institutes, cyber cafe, and internet browsing, departmental stores, grocery/ HOPCOMS, vegetable shops, newspaper, stationery and milk booth, commercial and corporate offices / clinics belonging to “professional services” like advocates and doctors, architects and self-owned, shopping/ commercial complexes and service establishments like hair dressing saloons, massage centers, laundries, dry cleaning and tailoring shops, restaurants and hotels, eateries such as darshinis, tea stalls, and take away, bakery and sweet stalls , mutton and poultry stalls, cold storages, clubs, hostels, newspaper or job printing, all types of offices, STD/FAX/internet center/ ATM centers/ banks, insurance and consulting and business offices, places of amusement or assembly, microwave towers and stations, advertising signs conforming to relevant building byelaws, photo studio, church, temple and other places of worship and assembly, educational, medical/engineering/ technical and research institutions,(on the sites having minimum 2 ha with a minimum of 12m wide approach road), financial P a g e | 201
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institutions, education coaching centers, nursing homes and specialty hospitals, pathological labs, hostels, libraries, any retail business or services not specifically restricted or prohibited therein, filling stations (Fuel stations and pumps, LPG storage, gas retail outlets), neighborhood shops, nursing homes, service industries listed in Schedule – I (power up to 10HP). Uses for small repair centers (electronic, mechanical, automobile), vulcanizing shops, printing press, residential buildings including orphanages and old age homes, gyms, clinics and yoga center, warehouses, storage areas for goods and kalyana mantapas, cinema theatres, multiplexes, auditoriums, community centers, recreational /social clubs and amenities, exhibitions centers, entertainment and amusement centers, convention centers and banquet halls, hard and software computer offices and information technology related activities (Power required for air conditioners, lifts and computers are excluded from the HP specified above), flour mill up to 10 HP
b. Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Automobile workshop, manufacturing establishments employing not more than ten workers and uses permitted or permissible on appeal in the residential zone other than those specifically prohibited therein. Heavy goods markets, storage of inflammable materials, sale of second hand junk goods, junk yards & agro mandis junkyard, truck terminals, weigh bridges, cold storage, fruit and vegetable markets, meat and fish markets, wholesale business, trading & warehouses, flour mill up to 20 HP
Note: I
Commercial complexes / office complexes/ neighborhood shops should have sufficient provision for toilet for visitors in each floor and should be shown on plan. It shall have waste disposal arrangements.
1.2.3 INDUSTRIAL ZONE: a.
Uses that are permissible:
All uses that are permissible under special circumstances in Residential and Commercial zone & traffic & transportation use, all industries like IT and BT industries, microwave towers, power plants, filling stations, parking lot (including P a g e | 202
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multi-level), bus and truck terminals, loading and unloading facilities, warehouses, public utilities like garbage and sewage disposal, municipal and Government offices, dwellings for manager, watch and ward staff in an area not exceeding 1000 sqm or 10% of the total area, whichever is lower, canteen and recreation facilities, kalyana mantapa, office, shops, clubs, job printing, banks, restaurants, dispensary and automobile service stations. All uses as per the categorization of light industries, medium industries and heavy industries defined by Department of Industries and Commerce (schedule– I) except Obnoxious and hazardous industries. There is no power limitation for industries to be permitted in this zone. b. Uses that are permissible under special circumstances by the Authority: Obnoxious and hazardous industries are subject to clearance from the State Pollution Control Board, junk yards, dairy and poultry farms, slaughter house and meat processing unit, ice and freezing plants with power, sports and recreation uses, resorts and amusement parks.
Note: i.
To encourage work-home relationship, 40% of the available land area for development of residential use for providing quarters to the employees of that particular industry, subject to clearance from the KSPCB in an area of 10 hectares and above.
ii. Wherever IT and BT industries are permitted in area of 5 hectares and above, 30% of the area may be allowed for residential apartment for the convenience of the employees subject to clearance from the KSPCB iii. Residential regulations shall be followed for approval of residential development within the premises of industrial/ I.T. and B.T. area. iv. Uses permitted under this category are subject to environmental clearances.
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Schedule – I 1. Illustrative list of household and service industries permitted in Residential and Commercial Zone: Sl. No.
Description
1.
Bread and bakeries
2.
Confectionary, candies and sweets
3.
Biscuit Making
4.
Ice, ice-Cream
5.
Cold Storage (small scale)
6.
Aerated water and fruit beverages
7.
Huller and flour Mills
8.
Automobile, scooter and cycle service and repair workshop
9.
Furniture (Wooden and Steel)
10.
Printing, book binding, embossing, etc.
11.
Laundry, dry Cleaning and dyeing facilities
12.
General jobbing and machine shops
13.
Household utensil repairs, welding, soldering, patching and polishing.
14.
Photography, printing (including sign board printing)
15.
Vulcanizing
16.
Tailoring
17.
Hand looms
18.
Velvet embroidery shops
19.
Art weavers and silk sarees, printing and batik works
20.
Jewellery, gold ornaments and silver wares
21.
Mirror and photo frames
22.
Umbrella assembly
23.
Bamboo and cane products
24.
Sport goods and repair shops
25.
Musical instrument repair shops
26.
Optical lens grinding, watch, pen repairs
27.
Radio and T.V. repair shops
28.
Electric lamp fittings
29.
Shoe making and repairs
30.
Audio / Video libraries
31.
STD / ISD counters P a g e | 204
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32.
R&D Labs, test centres, IT, BT, BPO activities
33.
Rubber stamps
34.
Card board box and paper products including paper (manual only)
35.
Cotton and silk printing/ screen printing
36.
Webbing (narrow, fabrics, embroidery, lace manufacturing)
37
Ivory, wood carving and small stone carving
38
Coffee curing units
39
Candles and wax products
40
Household kitchen appliances
41
Washing soaps small scale only
42
Fruit canning and preservation
43
Electric lamp fitting / Assembly of bakelite switches, shoe making, repairing
44
Power looms (silk reeling unit up to 10 HP)
45
Areca nut processing unit
46
Beedi rolling
47
Agarbathi rolling
48
Assembly and repair of measuring instruments(excluding handling of mercury and hazardous materials)
49
Clay & modelling with plaster of paris.
50
Dairy products Example: cream, ghee, paneer, etc.
51
Enamelling vitreous (without use of coal)
52
Milk cream separation / Milk Diary
53
Manufacture of jute products
54
Manufacture of bindi
55
Photo copying of drawings including enlargement of drawings and designs
56
Packaging of shampoos
57
Packaging of hair oil
58
Utensil washing powder (only mixing and packaging)
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2.
Zoning Regulations
Illustrative list of Light Industries: Sl. No.
Description
1.
Bread and bakeries
2.
Confectionery, candies and sweets
3.
Biscuit making
4.
Ice, ice cream
5.
Cold storage (small scale)
6.
Aerated water and fruit beverages
7.
Flour mills with power up to 20HP
8.
Hats, caps, turbans including garments
9.
Hosiery including knitted garments
10.
Gold and silver thread
11.
Shoe lace making
12.
Toy making (earthen, paper, wooden, plastic metal and tin)
13.
Cotton and silk cordages, twine thread and thread ball making
14.
Velvet embroidered shoes
15.
Art wares and silk screen printing and batik works
16.
Jewellery, gold ornaments and silver wares
17.
Wood and stone carving
18.
Electroplating, mica plating, engraving
19.
Photographs, printing (including sign board and printing)
20.
Stone carving
21.
Mirrors and photo frames
22.
Umbrella assembly
23.
Bamboo and cane products
24.
Sports goods
25.
Card board box and paper products including paper
26.
Stationery items including educational and school drawing instruments
27.
Furniture making (wooden and steel)
28.
Musical instruments
29.
Printing, book binding, embossing, photograph, etc.
30.
Optical lens grinding, watch and pen repairing
31.
Steel wire products
32.
Sheet metal works
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33.
Metal polishing
34.
Laboratory porcelene wares
35. 36.
Radio assembly and parts TV, mobile phones, air conditioner, fridge assembly parts (small scale) Electric lamps, fittings, shades, fixtures, etc.
37.
Automobiles, scooters, cycle service and repair workshop
38.
Laundry and dry cleaners
39.
General jobbing machine
40.
Iron foundries (only when related to other industries using electricity)
41.
Brushes (household, sanitary and toilet)
42.
Shoe making and repairing
43.
Leather goods
44.
Black smithy
45.
Household utensils, repair, welding, soldering, patching, and polish (kalai)
46.
Vulcanising and tyre re-treading
47.
Cement products
48.
Chalk, crayon, artist‟s colour
49.
Tobacco products (cigarettes and beedies)
50.
Cosmetics and hair oils
51.
Cutlery
52.
Cycle parts and accessories
53.
Door and window fittings
54.
Drugs and medicines
55.
Lantern, torches and flash lights
56.
Aluminium wires, cake and pastry moulds.
57.
Padlocks and pressed locks
58.
Rope making (vegetable fibre)
59.
Mathematical instruments
60.
Builder‟s hard wares
61.
Tin products
62.
Optical frames
63.
Button clips
64.
Wax polishing
65.
Upholstery springs and other springs
66.
Precision instrument of all kinds
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67.
Safety pins
68.
Screws, bolts, nuts, pulleys, chains, gears
69.
Conduit pipes fabrication (not exceeding 2" diameter)
70.
Buckets and metal containers, plastic jugs and fixtures metal embossing.
71.
Oil stoves and pressure lamps
72.
Paper mill (small scale) hand made
73.
Washing soaps
74.
Hand tools
75.
Electric industries, computer and software
76.
Ice and freezing plants
77.
Information Technology & Bio Technology
3. Illustrative list of Medium Industries:
Sl. No. 1.
Description Small domestic appliances and gadgets (room heaters, coolers, hot plates, iron lamps, etc.)
2.
Manufacturing of trunks and metal boxes, suit cases, small containers
3.
Scientific, educational and industrial precision instruments.
4.
Clocks and watches, photographic equipments
5.
Typewriters, Radios, TV‟s, air conditioner, fridges, STD/mobile sets.
6.
Electrical instruments (including transistors)
7.
Calculating machines (small machines only)
8.
Copper wire and utensils
9.
Sewing machines
10.
Sanitary fittings (excluding sanitary wares)
11.
Electrical appliances (room heaters, iron and room air coolers, small transformers, electric fans, fractional HP motors, cooking ranges, water heaters, etc.) computers and electric goods.
12.
Electrical fans and industries permitted in light industrial zone.
4. Illustrative list of Heavy Industries: Sl. No.
Description
1.
Hazardous and heavy manufacturing industries
2.
All types of heavy industries P a g e | 208
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1.2.4 PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC USES a) Uses permitted:
All Central, State and Quasi Government offices/ owned complexes, and centres and institutional office, educational, college campus including hostel facilities for students, integrated residential schools/colleges, higher educational Institutions, colleges, cultural and religious institutions including libraries, reading rooms and clubs, medical and health institutions, cultural institutions like community halls, opera houses, clubs, auditoriums, cultural complexes predominantly non-commercial in nature, exclusive places of worship/congregation, public toilets, nursery creches, civic amenities and large infrastructure facilities of health, education, sports, cultural and social institutions, utilities and services, offices/ sub offices of utilities, water supply installations including disposal works, electric power plants, high tension and low tension transmission lines, sub stations, gas installation and gas works, firefighting stations, spastic rehabilitation centers, orphanages, Govt. dispensaries, police stations, post offices, telecommunication/microwave tower, filling stations, fire stations, broadcasting & transmission stations, banks, and quarters for essential staff and all uses permitted under parks and playgrounds, traffic and transport related facilities, Public Transport terminals and interchanges public distribution system shops, bill collection centers, dobhi ghat, dharmashala and research institutions.
Note: Retail shops, restaurants, filling stations, clubs, banks, canteens, dwellings required for power maintenance and functioning of public and semi-public uses in the zone may be permitted when they are run on non-commercial basis in their own premises and ancillary to the respective institutions. b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Parking lot, repair shops, parks, play grounds, maidens and stadiums (no area limit) and recreational uses, stadium, cemeteries, crematorium, clubs, canteen, libraries, aquarium, planetarium, museum, horticultural nursery and swimming pool, orphanages and old age homes, airport related ancillary uses
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Note:i.
In case any private property is included within the boundary of any existing Public and Semi Public building and if the owner can establish the ownership of such property vests with him/her, then the land use adjoining the Public & Semi Public building may be assigned to such private property by the Authority (to be decided by the authority on case to case basis only).
1.2.5 PUBLIC UTILITIES a) Uses permitted: Public utilities include energy, water, telecommunication sub stations/ service stations/supply and pumping stations, high and low tension transmission lines and power stations/ sub-stations, electric power plants, installations, storage reservoirs OHT, treatment plants, storage and dumping yards, gas and gas lines, gas installations and gas works, electric towers, transformers and microwave towers, Telecom towers and drainage and sanitary installations including solid waste management facilities such as land fill sites, garbage dumping yard, treatment plants and disposal works, drying beds, micro-wave towers, fire stations, milk dairies, wind mills. b)
Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Shops,
canteens,
offices,
banking
counter,
dwellings
required
for
proper
maintenance and functioning of public utility and other ancillary users, in their own premises as an ancillary to the respective institutions not exceeding 5% of the total area. Note: i.
ii. iii.
iv.
The buffer created for accommodating the utilities such as power, water, pipeline, oil pipelines and high voltage lines, gas lines and any other utilities. Each “buffer” is dictated by technical standards specified by the competent Authority. The regulations for the above will be decided by the Authority. In case of new developments, these shall remain as non-buildable areas and remain as reservations and marked for the purpose intended. For electrical networks, KPTCL standards are followed. P a g e | 210
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1.2.6 PARKS, PLAYGROUNDS AND OPEN SPACES a) Uses permitted: Parks, play grounds, stadia, NMT infrastructural facilities, sports complexes, children„s play land inclusive of amusement parks such as Disney land type, toy trains, parkways, boulevards, cemeteries and crematoria, burial grounds, public toilets, parking, sewage treatment plants, water storage, sewage treatment plants, public use ancillary to park and open space and open space, parking and playground. The area of such ancillary use shall not exceed 5% of total area.
b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority: Clubs (non-commercial nature and run by residents‟ association), canteens, libraries, aquarium, planetarium, museum, bala bhavan, art gallery, open air theaters, water sports and amusement theme parks, recreational clubs (Non-commercial nature), public libraries, horticulture/nursery, transportation terminals and swimming pool, milk booths, HOPCOMS centres and Uses ancillary to the above such as canteens, may be permitted not exceeding 5% of total area limited to ground plus one floor only.
1.2.7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION a) Uses permitted:
Railway lines, railway yards, railway stations, railway workshops, airport roads, road transport depot, storage depots, bus stations, bus stands and bus shelter, bus bays, auto stand, parking areas, multi-level car parking information, kiosk Integrated, bus terminals, TTMC & metro stations, truck terminals, MRTS terminals, workshop and garages for two wheelers/ LMV/ HMV and filling stations, service stations, airports and helipad, post offices, telegraph offices, telephones and telephone exchanges, television telecasting and radio broadcasting stations, Transport offices, microwave stations and offices in their own premises and residential quarters for watch and ward, filling stations, loading and unloading platforms (with/without cold storage facility), weigh bridges, cargo terminals and transfer of cargo between different types of transport (rail, road, air), Automobile spares and services, transport depot, storage depots, bus stations, bus stands and bus shelter, commercial, office use shall be permitted & encouraged in all transport
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hubs & interchanges like TTMC & IMTH etc., Provided that the built up area for such use does not exceed 25% of developable area. Traffic and Transportation Management Centres, Transit Interchange terminals/ Transit Terminals shall be a minimum of 50 % of the permissible developable area.
b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Hotels, motels, clubs, go downs, special warehousing and indoor recreational uses, shops, canteens, restaurants, banks, dwellings required for proper maintenance of the transport and communication services in their own premises as an ancillary to the respective institutions not exceeding 25% of the total developable area.
Note 1. Regulations for transit oriented development: 1. In case of development for any use abutting road with ROW/Road width of 60 m and above additional FAR of 0.5 over and above the FAR provided against the said use shall be allowed within the 150 m radius of any transit hub/ major interchanges (railway station, B.R.T. and metro) in Zonal Regulations of Kanakapura Master plan, on payment of fee at twice the applicable prescribed rates of Betterment levy subject to statutory clearances viz. fire, Airport etc. 2. In case of development around Railway station/Metro Station/any other Mass Rapid Transport System: Station in the radius of 150 m from the boundary of the same an additional FAR of 0.5 over and above FAR provided against the said use in Zonal Regulations of Kanakapura Master Plan, on Payment of fee at twice the applicable prescribed rates of betterment levy subject to statutory clearances e.g. Airport, Fire safety, Pollution control etc., 3. Minimum Foot path width shall be 2.0m to 3.0m based on the Road width as indicated in road cross sections ( refer Annexure ). 4. As far as possible the traffic and transportation use should be located as per the envisaged activity. It is desirable to have truck terminal/ freight complex/ logistics hub next to or alongside the industrial use. Similarly the public mass transit is meant to take on maximum number of repeat trips hence major terminals of passenger transit should be located at high density work place and high density residential areas. P a g e | 212
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To encourage multimodal transit integration, it is desirable to have the terminals located wherever more than one mode like rail and road are present and they can be integrated. The bus terminal is being redeveloped to accommodate the metro station and intra city bus terminal as well as few inter-city bus terminals, thereby ensuring seamless physical multimodal integration.
1.2.8 AGRICULTURAL ZONE a) Uses Permitted: Agriculture and horticulture, children‟s play land inclusive of amusement parks, such as Disney land type, eco-tourism activities, toy trains, dairy and poultry farming, pisciculture, Piggeries farms, livestock rearing milk chilling centers, cold storage, farm houses and their accessory building and uses not exceeding 200 sq. m. of plinth area for the farmers own use within the limitation of minimum plot area of 1.20 hectares. Not exceeding 250 sq m of plinth area within the plot area limitation of 1.2 ha limited to G+ 1 floor. Uses specifically shown as stated in the land use plan like urban village, brick kilns, concrete block, rice mills, sugar mills, jaggery mills, gardens, orchards, nurseries and other stable crops, grazing pastures, forest lands, marshy land, barren land and water sheet, highway amenities viz., filling stations, weigh bridges and check posts.
b) Uses that are permitted under special circumstances by the Authority:
Agro processing units (as defined by C & I Dept.), Urban amenities such as burial grounds, sports grounds, clubs/ sports clubs, stadiums, playgrounds, parks and garden land, water sports, golf centers, race course, race / driving testing tracks, cultural buildings, places of worship, air terminal and helipads, educational and health institutions, hospitals, libraries, exhibition centers, park and open spaces, graveyards/burial grounds, rehabilitated schemes of government, institutions relating to agriculture, research centres, LPG bottling plant (min. 500 m away from human habitation), mini power projects, ware house, storage and sale of farm products locally produced, provided the Ground Coverage does not exceed 15% and subject to a maximum of Ground+ First floor only. Service and repairs of farm machinery and agricultural supplies, old age and orphanage homes, Public utilities such as solid waste landfills, water treatment plants, power plants, fuel stations and other highway P a g e | 213
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amenities such as weigh bridges, check posts and toll gates having access to major roads, truck terminals, quarrying and removal of clay and stone up to 3.0 m. depth and crushing, wind mills, solar energy stations, residential developments within the area reserved for natural expansion of villages and buildings in such areas should not exceed two floors (Ground + one).
1.2.8A Regulations for Rural Development
Within 150 m radius from the existing gramathana (as defined in the note below), for those villages having a population up to 1000 as per 2011 census, and for every additional 1000 population additional 50 m for uses permitted under residential and agricultural zone may be permitted with the following conditions. 1) FAR: 1.0 2) Maximum no of floors: G+1 3) Setbacks and coverage for the respective uses: As per Table no 8
NOTE: Gramathana: means old village settlement as earmarked in the revenue survey map (village map). Any addition already made to the gramathana in any form shall not be considered while measuring the distance between land in question and gramathana.
1.2.9
AREAS OF SPECIAL CONTROL
1.2.9A Solid Waste Management (SWM) Area/ site For efficient and scientific management and disposal of solid waste generated within Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike limits, certain areas lying within Kanakapura Local Planning Area have been identified. Following regulations are laid out in order to restrict development around these areas as per Government Order No. Na A E 325 MNU 2007 dated 06-10-2007: a.
Area within a distance of 50 m from the premises of the SWM area/ site is declared as “Buffer Zone” and No development or construction is permitted in this zone. However set back and tree plantation may be allowed in this zone.
b.
Area within a distance of 200 m from the premises of the SWM area/ site is declared as “Sensitive Zone” and developments or construction may be permitted without affecting solid waste management area / site. P a g e | 214
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If approval of layout in the “Sensitive Zone” is sought then “existence of
c.
SWM area/ site/ unit for 48 years” is to be written in the layout plan while approving the layout and when sale of sites in such a layout is done then the same is to be written in the sale deed also for the knowledge of applicant/ owner / purchaser of the land/ site. d.
Permissions in the sensitive zone will be as per the land use specified in Master Plan.
The Authority may impose certain conditions (about the
existence of the site etc.,) that may protect the Solid waste management site and sensitive zone
1.2.9B Archeological/ Historical Monuments and Precincts
The historical monuments in any city reflect the past glory of the city. As they attract tourists both from inside and outside the country. While permitting developments around historical monuments, care has to be taken to see that their aesthetic environs are not affected. In order to preserve aesthetic environs around these monuments it is necessary to declare the areas surrounding these monuments as zones of special control and impose the special regulations around these monuments.
The Archeological Survey of India has not yet declared any of the monuments in the Kanakapura town and the State Archeological Department has also not identified any of the monuments in the Kanakapura town.
If the Planning Authority
observes any Heritage structures, precincts of historic and/or
aesthetic and/or Architectural and/or cultural or environmental significance and natural features and sites of scenic beauty, then Authority may demarcate special Development control areas for regulation of development around these areas, to preserve the importance of the concerned heritage structure and also to control the surrounding developments so that they do not mar the grandeur or beauty or view of the heritage structure for the purposes of implementation.
A special Heritage committee may be constituted with the prior approval of the Government to examine the proposals of development or any matter related to development, in the various regulation areas, if received by the Authority, under the provisions of special Regulations and to make recommendations to this Authority for consideration. P a g e | 215
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a)
Zoning Regulations
Building up to and inclusive of first floor or up to a height of 7 m from ground level, whichever is less, is permissible within a distance of 100 m distance from the premises of the monuments.
b)
Buildings up to and inclusive of second floor or up to a height of 10.5 m from ground level, whichever is less are only permissible between 100 m and 200 m distance from the premises of the monuments.
c)
Building up to and inclusive of third floor or up to a height of 14 m from ground level, whichever is less are only permissible between 200 m and 400 m distance from the premises of the monuments.
d)
In any case no building shall be permitted within 400 m above the height of the declared monument.
Note: i.
No permission for any development around notified historical monument, shall be accorded unless concurrence/ No Objection Certificate is received from the competent authority i.e. Archaeological Survey of India, State Archaeology Department.
ii.
Any subsequent amendments to the Archaeology Act concerned regarding prohibited area such amendments shall mutatis mutandis apply to these regulations. Table- 1 Space Standards for various Buildings /Uses
Sl. No
Buildings / Uses
1
Conference halls, Community halls &
Min. road width in m 12.0
Min. size of plot in Sq m 500
Social clubs 2
Cold storage
12.0
1000
3
Indoor games
15.0
2000
4
Hotels / lodges
12.0
500
5
Kalyana Mantapas
12.0
1000
6
LPG storage & Fuel Filling stations
15.0
500
7
Nursing homes/polyclinics
12.0
500
8
Service Apartments
12.0
500
9
Nursery School
12.0
As prescribed by the
10
Lower Primary schools
12.0
competent Authority
11
Higher Primary schools
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12
High schools with playground,
12.0
13
Integrated Residential Schools
15.0
14
Colleges
15.0
15
Star hotels (up to 3 star)
15.0
16
Star hotels (above 3 star)
18.0
17
Convention centres
15.0
18
Cinema, Multiplex, Convention Center
18.0
2000
19
R&D Lab
12.0
1500
As prescribed by the competent Authority
ZONING REGULATIONS: REGULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT
USES OF BUILDINGS The minimum set back required on all the sides of a building, maximum FAR, maximum height of building that are permissible for different dimensions of sites and width of roads are set out for residential, commercial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings up to 10.0 m in height in Table -2 and 3 given below:
Table – 2 Exterior open spaces / setbacks in percentage (minimum) for residential, commercial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings up to 10.0 m in height Depth of site in m
1. Up to 6 Over 6 Up to 9 Over 9 Up to 12 Over 12 Up to 18 Over 18 Up to 24 Over 24
Residential Minimum in m
Commercial
Traffic & Transportation, Public Utility & public & semi Public
Front
Rear
Front
Rear
Front
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.00
0
1.00
0
1.50
0
1.00
1.00
1.50
0
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.50
3.00
3.50
2.50
4.00
3.00
Width of site in m
Rear
7.
8. Up to 6 Over 6 Up to 9 Over 9 Up to 12 Over 12 Up to 18 Over 18 Up to 24 Over 24
Residential Minimum in m
Commercial
Traffic & Transportation, Public Utility & public & semi Public
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
0
0
0
0
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
0
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.75
1.50
2.00
1.50
2.00
1.75
2.50
2.00
3.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
3.00
2.00
3.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
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Note: a. For Plots of 4000 sqm and above, a minimum setback of 5.00m on all sides shall be insisted b. Multi Dwelling Units (Apartments) shall be allowed only on plot sizes of above 750sqm and the road width shall be more than 9m
Note: i.
When car garage is proposed on the right side rear corner, the minimum front setbacks shall be 3.0 m;
ii.
For residential, commercial, public and semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings, above 10 m in height, the setbacks shall be insisted as per Table - 3;
iii.
When minimum set back of 2.0 m is left on the right side, a scooter garage may be permitted at the back side limiting the depth of the garage to 3.0 m Table – 3
Exterior open spaces / setbacks for residential, commercial, public and Semi-public, traffic and transportation, public utility buildings exceeding 10.00 meters in height.
Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Height of building in meters Above 10.0 Up to 12.0 Above 12.0 Up to 15.0 Above 15.0 Up to 18.0 Above 18.0 Up to 21.0 Above 21.0 Up to 24.0 Above 24.0 Up to 27.0 Above 27.0 Up to 30.0 Above 30.0 Up to 35.0 Above 35.0 Up to 40.0 Above 40.0 Up to 45.0 Above 45.0 Up to 50.0 Above 50.0
Minimum Exterior open spaces setbacks to be left on all sides (in m) 4.5 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 16.0
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TABLE – 4 Maximum Floor Area Ratio & Road Widths for Different uses Public & Semi-public, Road width in m
Residential
Commercial
Traffic &Transportation, Public utility
Upto 9
1.50
1.50
1.25
Over 9 to 12
1.75
1.75
1.50
Over 12 to 18
2.00
2.00
1.75
Over 18 to 24
2.25
2.25
1.75
Over 24
2.50
2.50
2.00
Note: Only effluent treatment plant, open to sky swimming pool, car parking are excluded from FAR computations.
1.3.1 Regulations for Group Housing Project All projects honored by the Karnataka Housing Board. The following norms shall be adopted while approving building plans for group housing; a) The approach road to a group housing project must have a minimum width of 12 m; b) A development plan showing the general arrangement of residential building blocks, and dimensions of the plots earmarked for each building block, access roads to abutting lands, parks, open spaces and civic amenity areas, shall be obtained prior to according approval to the building plan; c) Setbacks should be provided with reference to the depth and width of total plot area; d) The floor area ratio (FAR) shall be with reference to the width of the public road abutting the property and the FAR shall be calculated for the net area of the plot as prescribed in Table – 6 after deducting the area reserved for civic amenities. e) The coverage shall be with reference to the total area of the development plan. f)
The distance between any two buildings shall not be less than half the height of the taller building.
G) 15% of the total area to be reserved for civic amenity, parks and open spaces. Out of which shall be 10% for parks and open spaces and 5% for Civic Amenity. P a g e | 219
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TABLE – 6
Maximum plot coverage, FAR, minimum setbacks and minimum road width for group housing Road width in m
Plot coverage
FAR
12.0 Above 12 and up to 18 Above 18 and up to 24 Above 24 m
60% 55% 55% 50%
2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75
Note: a) Approval of development plan showing the general arrangement of residential building blocks, and dimensions of plot earmarked for each building blocks, means of access roads and civic amenity areas, should precede the approval to building plan. b) In case, the height of group housing building exceeds 10.0 m, then setback to be left all-round the premises shall be as per Table – 2. c)
Parking requirement shall be as per Table – 9. In addition, 10% of the total parking shall be reserved for visitors parking separately.
d) Internal roads and park area shall be developed by the owner / developer himself for the specified purpose only. e) 5% of total plot area may be utilized for commercial purpose also. f)
Park area reserved in the development plan shall be handed over free of cost to the Authority by a relinquishment deed and the same may be allowed to be maintained by the local residents’ association (Regd), if the authority so desires.
g) C.A. sites and park area reserved in the development plan shall be handed over free of cost to the Authority by a relinquishment deed. Preference may be given to the owner/developer of the respective project for lease of C.A. area reserved in the Group Housing project. h) The roads as shown in the Master Plan shall be incorporated and shall be handed over to the Authority free of cost through a registered relinquishment deed.
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1.3.2 Regulations for Semidetached Houses The following norms shall be adopted while approving semidetached houses as given in Table – 7. Table – 7 Regulations for Semi-detached houses 1.
Minimum
combined
area
of
the
140 sq m
neighboring plots
2. Building coverage 3. Floor area ratio As applicable to individual plots 4. Maximum number of floors 5. Minimum road width 6. Front setback for back to back plots
Shall be equal to the sum of front and rear setbacks of individual plots. On a plot on which a semi-detached building is
7.
Side setbacks for plots joined at the proposed, the side setback for each unit shall be side.
the total of the left and right setbacks to be left in case of individual plots.
1.3.3 Row housing The following norms shall be adopted while approving row houses as given in Table – 8. TABLE – 8 Row Housing (Maximum 12 units, minimum 3 units) 1 Minimum combined area of plot
210 sq m
2 Maximum area of each plot
108 sq m
3 Building coverage 4 Floor area ratio As applicable to individual plots 5 Number of floors 6 Minimum road width Front: 2.00 m 7 Setbacks minimum
Rear: 1.50 m Side: 2.00 m only for end units
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1.3.4 Flatted factories The following norms shall be adopted while approving flatted factories as given in Table – 9. TABLE - 9 Regulations for Flatted Factories 1. Minimum plot area
1,000 sq m
2. Maximum plot coverage
40 % 1.50 upto 12.0 m road width and
3. FAR
1.75 above 12.0 m road width. a. Front 8.00 m b. Rear
4. Minimum setbacks
4.50 m.
c. Sides 4.50 m.
1.3.5 Industrial buildings Coverage, Floor Area Ratio and Open space for Industrial buildings are as given in Table – 10 below:
TABLE – 10 Coverage, Floor Area Ratio and Open space for Industrial buildings Other
Minimum
sides
road width
in m
in m
1.00
1.00
9
1.25
4.50
3.00
9
55%
1.25
6.00
5.00
Over 12
2001 to 4000
50%
1.25
8.00
5.00
Over 12
4001 to 8000
45%
1.00
8.00
6.00
Over 15
Above 8000
45%
1.00
15.00
12.00
Over 15
Plot area in
Max. plot
Floor area
Minimum
sq m
coverage
Ratio
Front setback in m
Up to 230
80%
1.00
231 to 1000
60%
1000 to 2000
Note: whenever the plot of the minimum size prescribed is not facing the required width of road, permission shall be granted to the maximum extent of built up area allowable to that particular road width. The minimum frontage for plots up to 230 sqm shall be 9m and for plots above 230 sqm shall be 12m. P a g e | 222
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1.3.6 Regulations for IT and BT related Activities FAR and Ground Coverage in Industrial Zone for IT related activities to be followed as per table 10 A below Table -10 A Sl no
Size of plot (sq m)
Ground coverage
Permissible far
Road width (m)
1
Upto 1000
55%
1.50
Above 9m upto 12m
2
Above 1000 upto 2000
50%
1.75
Above 12.0m upto 18.0
3
Above 2000 upto 4000
50%
2.00
Above 18.0 upto 24.0
4
Above 4000 upto 6000
45%
2.25
Above 24.0 upto 30.0
5
Above 6000
45%
2.50
Above 30.0
Note: whenever the plot of the minimum size prescribed is not facing the required width of road, permission shall be granted to the maximum extent of built up area allowable to that particular road width. Parking regulations for IT and BT related buildings Each off-street parking space provided for motor vehicles shall not be less than (2.5 m x 5.5 m) 13.75 sq m area and for scooter and cycle parking spaces provided shall not be less than 3 sq m and 1.4 sq m respectively and it shall be 25% of the car parking space. For building of different uses, off-street parking spaces for vehicles shall be provided as stipulated the Table - 11 Exterior open spaces / setbacks in percentage (minimum) for IT and BT related buildings to be followed as per table 10 B below. Table – 10 B Sl. no
Size of plot (sq m)
Ground
Min front
Min all around
coverage
setbacks (m)
setbacks (m)
1
Upto 1000
55%
6
5
2
Above 1000 upto 2000
50 %
8
5
3
Above 2000 upto 4000
50%
8
6
4
Above 4000 upto 6000
45%
8
6
5
Above 6000
45%
15
12
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1.3.7 Parking Regulations Parking space standards to be adopted are as follows: a) Each off-street parking space provided for motor vehicles shall not be less than (2.5 m x 5.5 m) 13.75 sq m area and for scooter and cycle parking spaces provided shall not be less than 3 sq m and 1.4 sq m respectively and it shall be 25% of the car parking space. b) For building of different uses, off-street parking spaces for vehicles shall be provided as stipulated in the Table - 11below: TABLE – 11 Off-street parking spaces Sl.
Category
No.
Single dwelling unit 1.
2 3 4
Multi-family residential
Minimum one car parking space of 2.50 m x 5.00 m for every A dwelling unit measuring more than 50 sq m upto 150 sq m of the floor area. An additional one car park for part thereof, when it is more than 50% of the prescribed limit. a. 2 tenements each having area less than 50 sq m b. 1 tenement exceeding area of 50 sq
Lodging establishments, tourist homes
4 guest rooms
and hotels Educational a. Hospital
5 b. Nursing homes
200 m floor area a. 100 sq m floor area subject to minimum 20 spaces b. 75 sq m floor area subject to minimum 10 spaces
6
Assembly/Auditorium
25 seats
7
Government or Semipublic buildings
100 sq m floor area
8
Retail business
75 sq m floor area
9
Industrial
100 sq m floor area plus 1 lorry space measuring 3.5m x 7.5m for every 1000 sqm or part thereof.
10
Storage
100 sq m floor area
11
Kalyana Mantapa
75 sq m floor area
12
Private Offices
75 sq m floor area
13
Restaurant/Pubs/Bars/Coffee Parlours 75sq m of floor area
14
Students Hostels
15 rooms
15
Working Persons Hostel
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Additional parking or part thereof shall be provided when the part area exceeds 50% of the prescribed limits/ standards Note: (a) Parking space shall be with reference to total floor area after deducting space covered by lift room, stair case, open balcony and ducts open to sky in addition to the area deducted for the purpose of calculating the F.A.R. Any place used for parking is not included in the calculation of F.A.R. Incase, additional car parking is provided as part of parking complex or parking lot in excess of required car parking, such area shall be exempted from reckoning the F.A.R. (b) Up to 50 sq m in the case of shops, parking spaces need not be insisted. (c) Off-street parking space shall be provided with adequate vehicular access to a Street and the area of drive aisles subject to a minimum of 3.50 m and such other provision required for adequate maneuvering of vehicles shall be exclusive of the parking spaces stipulated in these Zonal Regulations.
(d) The parking spaces shall be provided in:
(a) First basement for plots up to 1000 sq m and second basement shall be permissible for plots more than 1000 sq m.
(b) Stilt floor or in upper floors (at any level.)
(c) Car parking can be provided in the setback areas provided; a minimum of 3.0 m is left free from the building.
(e) The other aspects for providing parking spaces are:
i. Common and continuous cellar parking floors between adjoining blocks would be allowed depending upon structural safety aspects.
ii. The parking spaces should be efficiently designed and clearly marked and provided with adequate access, aisle, drives and ramps required for maneuvering of vehicles. All sides of the stilt parking shall be open. When stilt parking is provided, the height shall not exceed 2.40mtrs and height shall be considered for calculating the total height of the building. P a g e | 225
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iii. Stilt floor/Cellar parking floor shall be used only for parking and not for any habitation purpose. Misuse of the area specified for parking of vehicles for any other use shall be summarily demolished / removed by the Enforcement Authority. iv. For parking spaces in second basement and upper storey’s of parking floors, at least two ramps of minimum 3.5 m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4 m width and maximum slope of 1:8 shall be provided.
i.
Basement / cellar shall be permitted to extend in the setback area except the front setback after leaving a minimum of 2.0 m from the property line.
ii. A maximum of three basements in the case of 3-Star Hotels and above can be permitted for parking and services
iii. Every basement storey shall be at least 2.4 m in height from the floor to the bottom of the roof slab / beam / ceiling (whichever is less) and this height of basement floor shall not exceed 2.75 m
iv. The basement storey shall not be projected more than 1.20 m above the average ground level (f) Parking provision on multi-level or on any number of floors:
a. Access ramps, elevators, escalators to the upper floors or terrace shall not be provided in the setback area and the ramps to be within the plinth area of the building and shall be exempt from F.A.R. calculation.
b. Car parking shall not be provided in the setback areas. If provided, a minimum of 3.0m shall be left free from the building in case of G+3 buildings and a minimum of 6.0m in case of building which are G+4 or more. c. When Multilevel Car Parking (MLCP) is proposed on a plot as independent activity, there shall not be any limitation for FAR or height of the building
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subject to condition that they satisfy Fire and Airport Authority restrictions wherever applicable.
1.3.8 Corridor The minimum widths of corridor for different uses of building are as given in the Table 12. TABLE – 12 Minimum Width of Corridors Sl. No.
1
Building use or type
Minimum width of the corridor in m
Residential building
1.0
Apartment building
2.0
Assembly buildings such as auditorium, Kalyana Mantapa, 2
cinema theatre, religious building, temple, mosque or church
2.0
and other buildings of public assembly or conference. 3
Institutional buildings such as: a. Government office
2.0
b. Government Hospitals
2.4
c. Educational Buildings such as Schools, Colleges, Research Institutions. d. Commercial buildings such as private office, nursing homes, lodges, etc. e. All other buildings
2.0
2.0 1.5
1.3.9 Restrictions of Building Activity in Vicinity of Certain Areas: a) No building/ development activity shall be allowed in the bed of water bodies like nala, and in the Full Tank Level (FTL) of any lake, pond etc.
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b) The above water bodies and courses shall be maintained as recreational/Green buffer zone, and no building activity other than recreational use shall be carried out within. i)
30 meters from the boundary of Lake of 40.00 ha. and 10 m. for others as per revenue records.
ii) 9 meters from the boundaries of Canal / Raj Kaluve. iii) 3 meters from the boundary of field natural drains as defined in the RS map / toposheets. iv) The above shall be in addition to the mandatory setbacks. Unless and otherwise stated, the area and the Full Tank Level (FTL) of a lake shall be reckoned as measured or given in the Survey of India topographical maps/Irrigation Dept. v) Within the demarcated buffer for tanks/ Nala/ Valleys, Sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants, roads, formation of drains, culverts, bridges, etc. Which will not obstruct the water course, runoffs, channels are allowed.
1.3.10 Distance of Building from Electrical Lines No building shall be erected below an electrical line, as well as within the horizontal distance from the electrical line indicated in the Table - 13. The vertical distance below the level of the electrical line and the topmost surface of the building corresponding to the minimum horizontal distance shall be as indicated in Table - 13. The minimum vertical clearance is not applicable if the horizontal distance exceeds the minimum prescribed. TABLE – 13 Distance of buildings from electrical lines Sl. No
Electric line strength
Horizontal distance from the edge of the electrical line (in m)
Electric line corridor width overall (in m)
1
L.T. line
1.8
4.5
2
H.T. line of 11 KV
1.8
4.5
3
H.T. line of 33 KV
2.5
15.0
4
H.T. line of 66 KV
2.5
18.0
5
H.T. line of 110 KV
3.2
22.0
6
H.T. line of 220 KV
4.2
35.0
7
H.T. line of 400 KV
5.2
52.0
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1.3.11 Solar Water Heater Requirements Solar water heaters shall be provided as per the table for different categories of buildings. TABLE – 14 Solar lighting and water heater requirements Sl.
Type of use
No.
100 liters per day shall be provided for every unit
2
Restaurants service food and drinks with seating / serving area of more than 100 sq m and above. Lodging establishments and tourist homes
40 sq m of seating or serving area 3 rooms
3
Hostel and guest houses
6 beds / persons capacity
4
Industrial canteens
50 workers
5
Nursing homes and hospitals
4 beds
1
6
Kalyana Mantapas, community hall and convention hall (with dining hall and kitchen)
7
Recreational clubs
8
Residential buildings:
30 sq m of floor area 100 sq m of floor area
(a) Single dwelling unit measuring 200 sq m of floor area or site area of more than 400 sq m whichever is more.
9
(b) 500 lpcd for multi dwelling unit / apartments for every 5 units and multiples thereof. Solar photovoltaic lighting systems shall be installed in multi-unit residential buildings (with more than five units) for lighting the setback areas, drive ways, and internal corridors.
1.3.12 Rain Water Harvesting Rain water harvesting is compulsory in all buildings of plots of size (9X12m) and above, it includes storage or recharging into ground of rainwater falling on the terrace or on any paved or unpaved surface within the building site.
The following systems may be adopted for harvesting the rainwater drawn from terrace and the paved surface.
1.
Open well of a minimum of 1.00 m dia. and 6.00 m in depth into which rainwater may be channeled and allowed after filtration for removing silt and floating material. The well shall be provided with ventilating covers. The water from the open well may be used for non-potable domestic purposes such as washing, flushing and for watering the garden, etc.
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2.
Zoning Regulations
Rainwater harvesting for recharge of ground water may be done through a bore well around which a pit of one meter width may be excavated up to a depth of at least 3.00 m and refilled with stone aggregate and sand. The filtered rainwater may be channeled to the refilled pit for recharging the bore well.
3.
An impervious storage tank of required capacity may be constructed in the setback or other than, space and the rainwater may be channeled to the storage tank. The storage tank may be raised to a convenient height above the surface and shall always be provided with ventilating the surface and shall always be provided with ventilating covers and shall have draw off taps suitably place so that the rain water may be drawn off for domestic, washing, gardening and such other purposes. The storage tanks shall be provided with an overflow.
4.
The surplus rainwater after storage may be recharged into ground through percolation pits, trenches, or combination of pits and trenches. Depending on the geomorphologic and topographical condition, the pits may be of the size of 1.20 m width x 1.20 m length x 2.00 m to 2.50 m depth. The trenches can be or 0.60 m width x 2.00 m to 6.00 m length x 1.50 m to 2.00 depth. Terrace water shall be channeled to pits or trenches. Such pits or trenches shall be backfilled with filter media comprising the following materials. –
i)
40 mm stone aggregate as bottom layer up to 50% of the depth;
ii)
20 mm stone aggregate as lower middle layer up to 20% of the depth;
iii)
Course sand as upper middle layer up to 20% of the depth;
iv)
A thin layer of fine sand as top layer;
v)
Top 10% of the pits / trenches will be empty and a splash is to be provided in this portion in such a way that roof top water falls on the splash pad;
vi)
Brick masonry wall is to be constructed on the exposed surface of pits / trenches and the cement mortar plastered;
vii)
The depth of wall below ground shall be such that the wall prevents lose soil entering into pits / trenches. The projection of the wall above ground shall at least be 15 cm;
viii) Perforated concrete slabs shall be provided on the pits / trenches.
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5. If the open space surrounding the building is not paved, the top layer up to a sufficient depth shall be removed land refilled with course sand to allow percolation of rainwater into ground.
The terrace shall be connected to the open well / bore well / storage tank /recharge pit /trench by means of H.D.P.E. / P.V.C. pipes through filter media. A valve system shall be provided to enable the first washings from roof or terrace catchments, as they would contain undesirable dirt. The mouths of all pipes and opening shall be covered with mosquito (insect) proof wire net. For the efficient discharge of rainwater, there shall be at least two rain water pipes of 100 mm dia for a roof area of 100 sq m Rainwater harvesting structures shall be sited as not to endanger the stability of building or earthwork. The structures shall be designed such that o dampness is caused in any part of the walls or foundation of the building or those of an adjacent building.
1.3.13 Facilities for Physically Handicapped Persons Public and semipublic buildings having covered area of 300 sq m and above shall be designed and constructed to provide facilities to the physically handicapped persons as prescribed in the Schedule-V of these Zoning Regulations. SCHEDULE - V Facilities for physically handicapped persons These byelaws shall apply to the physically handicapped persons having the following disabilities.i.
Non-ambulatory disabilities: Impairments that regardless of cause or manifestation, for all practical purposes, confine individuals to wheelchairs;
ii.
Semi-ambulatory disabilities: Impairments that cause individuals to walk difficulty or insecurity. Individuals using braces or crutches, amputees, arthritics, spastics, and those with pulmonary land cardiac ills may be sent ambulatory.
iii.
Hearing disabilities: Deafness or hearing handicaps that make an individual insecure in public areas because he is unable to communicate or hear warning signals.
iv.
Sight disabilities: Total blindness or impairments affecting sight to the extent that the individual functioning in public areas is insecure or exposed to danger. P a g e | 231
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Zoning Regulations
a. Access Path/ Walk Way: The width of access path / walkway from plot entry and surface parking to the building entry shall not be less than 1.80 m. It shall not have a gradient exceeding 5%. b. Surface Parking: At least two car spaces shall be provided at surface level near entrance with maximum travel distance of 30.00 m from the building entrance. c. Space for Wheel Chair Users: Adequate space shall be kept for the free movement of wheel chairs. The standard size of wheel chairs shall be taken as 1050 mm x 750 mm the doors shall have a minimum width of 900 mm to facilitate the free movement of wheel chairs. d. Approval to Plinth Level: At least one entrance shall have approach through a ramp. The ramp shall have a minimum width of 1.80 m with maximum gradient of 1:10. e. Entrance Landing: Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum dimension of 1.80 m x 2.00 m. f.
Corridors: The minimum width of corridors shall be 1.80 m.
g. Staircase: The minimum width of staircase shall be 1.50 m. The minimum number of risers on a flight shall be limited to 12. Size of treads shall not be less than 30 cm and the height of risers shall not be more than 15 cm. h. Lifts: h) Wherever lifts are required to be installed as per bye-laws, provision of at least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair users with the following cage dimensions recommended for passenger lifts of 13 persons capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards. Clear internal depth 1100 mm (1.10 m) Clear internal width 2000 m (2.00 m) Entrance door width 900 mm (0.90) ii) The lift lobby shall have a minimum inside measurement of (1.80 x 1.80) m. j.
Toilets: One special water closet in a set of toilets shall be provided for the use of handicapped persons with wash basin keeping in view the following provisions.i. The minimum size of toilet shall be 1.50 m x 1.75 m. ii. The maximum height of the W.C. set shall be 0.50 m above the floor.
k. Hand Rails: Hand rails shall be provided for ramps, staircases, lifts and toilets. The height of hand rails shall be normally 800 mm above the floor level. If the building is meant for the predominant use of children, the height of hand rails may be suitably altered. P a g e | 232
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Zoning Regulations
Guiding / Warning Floor Material: The floor material to guide or to warn the visually impaired persons with a change of colour or material with conspicuously different texture and easily distinguishable from the rest of the surrounding floor materials is called guiding or warning floor material. The material with different texture shall give audible signals with sensory warning when person moves on this surface with walking stick. The guiding / warning floor material is meant to give the directional effect or warn a person at critical places. This floor material shall be provided in the following areas: i. The access path to the building and to the parking area; ii. The landing lobby towards the information board, reception, lifts, staircase and toilets; iii. At the beginning / end of walkway where there is vehicular traffic; iv. At the location abruptly changing in level and at the beginning / end of ramp; v. At the entrance / exit of the building.
m.
Proper Signage: Appropriate identification of specific facilities within a building for the handicapped persons should be done with proper signage. Visually impaired persons make use of other senses such as hearing and touch to compensate for the lack of vision; whereas visual signals shall benefit those with hearing disabilities. Signs should be designed and located such that they are easily legible by using suitable letter size (not less than 20 mm size). For visually impaired persons, information board in Braille should be installed on the wall at a suitable height and it should be possible to approach them closely. To ensure safe walking there should not be any protruding sign, which creates obstruction in walking.
The symbols / illustrations should be in contrasting colour and properly illuminated so that with limited vision one may be able to differentiate amongst primary colours.
1.3.14 Security Deposit The applicant shall deposit a sum of Rs. 50/- per sq m of floor area as refundable non-earning deposit for the following categories of buildings namely: a) Residential Buildings/ Group Housing/Multi-Dwellings/Apartments with 5 units or more. b) Commercial Buildings exceeding 300 sq m of floor area. The security deposit shall be refunded after one year of completion of the building as per approved plan certified by Development or Local Authority. If the construction is not as per the approved plan, the deposit would be forfeited. P a g e | 233
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1.3.15 General Rules The following shall be considered while enforcing the zoning regulations for all types of developments:
I.
Conversions
a. Conversions prior to the Final approval of Master Plan 2031 are to be honored irrespective of the land use proposed in the Master Plan except in cases of road alignment, natural drains and water bodies. b. The government is the competent authority to permit change of land use under the act. It is further classified that the permission accorded by high power committee/government/single window shall be deemed to be given. It should that the planning authority has provided its opinion to government under the procedure specified under section 14-A of the KTCP Act 1961.
c. All permissions accorded by Kanakapura Planning Authority or BMRDA or Govt. (Change of Land Use, Layout Approval, Building Permission, etc.), approvals given by SHLCC, SLSWCC, Projects of Govt. organizations like KHB, KIADB, KSSIDC, KSCB
prior to coming into force of these zonal regulations shall be treated as
conforming uses irrespective of classification made in the Master Plan-2031 (except proposed circulation pattern and necessary buffers / restrictions of building activity in vicinity of certain areas). This is to be allowed by the authority only. d. Projects by the Karnataka Housing Board within the LPA shall be honored irrespective of landuse given in the master plan e. Projects by the KIADB/KHB or any other statutory bodies shall obtain prior permission of the authority for development of the scheme.
II.
Application of land use:
a. The proposed land use indicated towards the roadside of a property shall be the land use for the entire property (one property depth not exceeding 50 m) without identifying it for different uses by measuring as per the scale of the maps. This is applicable only to the built-up area as shown in the existing land use map. P a g e | 234
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b. Different uses permitted in a given zone may be allowed in different floors of the building. In such cases, the regulations applicable to the use of the ground floor of the building shall apply to the entire building.
c. The proposed alignments of STRR, IRR, RR, TRR, Expressway etc., are to be incorporated. In case of any changes in the alignment by the competent Authority, the same would prevail over MP proposal.
d. Any discrepancies with respect of revenue survey numbers, actual alignment of HT lines, existing roads, nala alignment and water bodies in the MP shall be resolved by field and documentary verification by the Authority and also in comparison with the ground reality/cadastral map
e. In case of change in alignment of roads, H T line or nala indicated in the MP, the adjacent higher land use abutting the alignment before change shall be considered.
f. If the alignment of the existing road is shifted in the MP, the existing road as on ground reality/ cadastral map may be considered for the proposed road widening. The higher land use abutting the shifted road shall be considered accordingly. g. Any variation related to approved layouts incorporated in the Master Plan shall be resolved by the Planning Authority based on the approval on case by case basis.
III.
Setbacks i.
The front and rear setbacks shall be with reference to depth of the site.
ii.
Left and right setbacks shall be with reference to width of the site.
iii.
No side setbacks shall be insisted upon only in the case of reconstruction of existing building where traditional row housing type of development exists and in areas specifically provided under the Zonal Regulations.
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Zoning Regulations
The provision of setbacks should be read with tables prescribed for floor area ratio, coverage etc., for different type of buildings.
v.
When the building lines are fixed, the front set back shall not be less than the building line fixed or the minimum front set back prescribed whichever is higher.
vi.
In the case of corner sites both the sides facing the road shall be treated as front side and regulations applied accordingly to maintain the building line on these two roads and to provide better visibility.
vii.
In case where the building line is not parallel to the property line, the front and rear setbacks shall not be less than the specified setbacks at any point.
viii. In case of building sanctioned prior to coming into force of these rules which are abutting other properties on one, two or more sides, upper floors may be permitted, to utilize the available FAR except in the front to enable road widening, if any.
ix. In case of irregular plots setbacks are to be calculated according to the depth or width at the points where the depth or width are varying. In such cases, average setbacks should not be fixed at as they may effect minimum set back at any point.
x. The left and right set-backs may be interchanged by the Authority in exceptional cases due to existing structures like: open well and also considering the topography of the land. i.
Higher FAR should be permitted only within 150m radius of any transit hub or major interchanges (Railway station, metro or BRT station).
ii.
Foot path and utility services are provided on either sides roads for 18m & above roads for minimum of 1.5m to 3.5m width.
iii.
Pedestrian only zones shall be identified and marked along with time bound action plan for achieving the same.
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Zoning Regulations
Commercial, office use shall be permitted and even encouraged in all transport hubs and interchanges like TTMC, IMTH etc.
v.
Bus- bays shall be indicated on the layout approval drawings within the layouts at the time of approval (Above 18M).
vi.
The turning radii of roads at the junctions/ intersection designs shall be as per the IRC code for intersection design for urban roads and shall include space required for signals and utilities along with the signage.
vii.
The parking requirements shall be 50% of the parking shown against the uses in case of commercial/ service industry are proposed to be developed in the transit stations/ terminals / interchanges i.e. TTMCs IMTC.
viii.
The cross-sections in the annexure shall be applicable in case of development of the road of applicable classification. In case additional Row is available the order of priority for the space allocation shall be as below: Pedestrian sidewalk Central Verge/median for pedestrian refuge Cycle path Plantation zone Bus bay Carriageway
IV.
FAR or Floor Area Ratio i. The ratio of the Floor area to the plot area is FAR. However, it includes escalators, open balconies, staircase and corridors. ii. The floor area ratio shall exempt the floor area used for purposes such as parking space, main stair case room, lift shaft, lift wells, and lift machine rooms, ramps, ventilation ducts, sanitary ducts and overhead tanks. iii. When the site does not face the road of required width noted against each, then the FAR applicable to the corresponding width of the roads shall apply. iv. Where a plot faces a wider road than the one prescribed against it, the FAR shall be restricted only to the limit prescribed for the area of the plot.
V.
Basement i. Means storey which is partly or wholly below the average ground level and with a height not exceeding a projection of 1.2 m above the average ground level and overall height of the basement under circumstances should not exceed 2.75 m between the floor and the ceiling of the basement in case of P a g e | 237
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normal parking. In case of stacked/ mechanical parking the height of the basement may be permitted up to maximum of 4.5 m. ii. If a site is measuring less than 200sqm, then car parking shall not be permitted in the basement floor. iii. If the minimum setback is more than 2.0 m, then the basement may be extended on all sides except the side abutting the road, provided the minimum setback between the basement and property boundary is minimum 2.0 m. iv. Basement floors up to maximum of 3 (Three) levels may be permitted for car parking. v. Permissible uses in the Basement for buildings other than 3 star and above category : Dark rooms for X ray and storage of light sensitive materials. Bank Safes/ Strong room included in the FAR. Air condition handling units/ equipment, utilities and services connected with the building. Parking. vi. In case of 3 star and above category of hotels, the spare area in the basement after catering to the requirement of parking facilities may be allowed to be used for other purposes incidental to the running of the hotel, such as; health club, shopping arcade, dining area, with or without kitchen facilities,
with
gas
cylinder,
administrative
office,
gym
rooms,
banquet/conferencing facility, swimming pool, discotheque etc., subject to reckoning of the same for FAR calculations. vii. Parking area if misused is liable to be municipalised /taken over by the local body/authority without any compensation. viii. Basement in a residential building shall be allowed without taking into FAR calculations subject to the condition that it will be used only for the purposes of Home Theater or Gym or a combination of both for personal use of the occupant on a site which does not exceed 500sqm and should be in Residential area. In such cases, it should be single dwelling unit only and the entry to the basement shall be from inside the main building itself. ix. When Basement is used for Car parking, the convenient entry and exit shall be provided. Adequate drainage, ventilation, lighting arrangements shall be made to the satisfaction of the authority.
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VI.
Zoning Regulations
Ramps i. Provision for ramps shall have a minimum width of 3.5 m and a slope of not less than 1 in 10. The ramp and the driveway in the basement shall be provided after leaving a clear gap of minimum 2.0 m from the common property line. The slope of the ramp shall commence from 1.5 m of the edge of property line. ii. Ramps for the physically challenged shall be provided in all Public buildings.
VII.
NOC
i.
For all the high-rise buildings NOC from the following departments shall be obtained.
ii.
a.
Fire force department.
b.
K.U.W.S. & D.B.
c.
K.P.T.C.L./BESCOM
d.
Telecommunication department
e.
Karnataka State Pollution Control Board
For all Development Plans, Apartment Buildings and Residential Layouts which come under the category stipulated by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (K.S.P.C.B.), necessary NOC from K.S.P.C.B. shall be furnished.
iii.
For Cinema theatres, the setbacks and other provisions shall be as per Karnataka Cinematography Act and Rules.
VIII.
Sanction or Refusal of Approval (1) On receipt of the application for permission under Section 14, of KTCP Act the Planning Authority shall furnish to the applicant a written acknowledgement of its receipt and after such inquiry as may be necessary either grant or refuse
a
commencement certificate Provided that such certificate may be granted subject to such general or special conditions as the State Government may, by order made in this behalf, direct. (2) If the Planning Authority does not communicate its decision to the applicant within three months from the date of such acknowledgement, such certificate shall be deemed to have been granted to the applicant, Provided that the land use, change in land use or the development for which permission was sought for is in conformity with the Master Plan and the regulation finally approved under subsection (3) of Setion13 KTCP Act.
IX.
Modification during construction/while undertaking up development works: P a g e | 239
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If, during the execution / construction, any modifications are required in the approved plan, the licensed developer / owner shall obtain revised approval by duly following the above- mentioned procedure. X.
Road width a) Road width means distance between the boundaries of a road including footways and drains. b) If the road width varies along the length of road, then the minimum width of the road along 200 m stretch on either side, from the centre of the plot shall be considered. c) In case of roads having service roads in addition to the main roads, the
width of
road shall be aggregate width of service roads and main roads for determining FAR and number of floors. d) When a portion of land is at different/split levels, then the width of the road to be considered for determining F.A.R. shall be the aggregate width of the roads which are at different levels. XI.
Means of Access
The means of exclusive access, which would be other than through public roads and streets, shall not be of more than 30 m length from the existing public roads and streets The minimum width of such access shall be 3.5 m. FAR and height of buildings coming up on such plots shall be regulated according to the width of public street or road. If the means of access exceeds 30.0 m in length, FAR shall be regulated with reference to the width of such access road. Construction of buildings on plots with common access/lanes from the public road/street shall be regulated according to width of such common access roads/lanes.
XII.
Garages
a) For garages no side or rear setbacks are to be insisted. One upper floor not exceeding 3.0 m. in height shall be permitted provided no openings are provided towards neighboring buildings and at least one opening for light and ventilation is provided towards the owners property.
b) Garages shall be permitted in the rear right hand corner of the plot. In cases of buildings constructed or sanctioned prior to the enforcement of these regulations, where space is not available on the right side, it may be permitted on the left side provided minimum setback exists in the adjoining property of the left side. P a g e | 240
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c) In case of corner plots, the garage shall be located at the rear corner diagonally opposite to the road intersection.
d) The maximum width of the garage shall not exceed 4 m and the depth should not be more than 6.0m or 1/3 the depth of the plot, whichever is lower.
e) The garages shall not be constructed or reconstructed within 4.5m from road edge. This may be relaxed in cases where the garage forms part of the main building with minimum setback for the plot. XIII. Plots facing the roads proposed for widening:
In case of a plot facing the road proposed for widening, the required land as indicated in the master plan for road widening shall be handed over to the local Authority free of cost by a „„Relinquishment deed” by the owner of the land before sanction is accorded to his plan;
a) The FAR shall be allowed as applicable to the total area of the site without deducting the area to be taken over for road widening, provided at least 60% of the site area is available for use as a building site after the proposed road widening; and set back shall be determined for the remaining portion of the plot.
XIV. Exemption in open space:
The following exemptions in open space shall be permitted a) Cantilever Portico: A cantilever portico of 3.0 m width (maximum) and 4.5 m length (maximum) may be permitted in the ground floor within the side set back. No access is permitted to the top of the portico for using it as a sit out. Height of the portico shall be open to sky. The portico when allowed shall have a clear open space of one meter from the boundary of the property. b) Balcony: The projection of the balcony shall be measured perpendicular to the building up to the outermost edge of the balcony. Cantilever projection of the balcony shall be permitted not exceeding 1/3 of the setback subject to a maximum of 1.1 m in the first floor and 1.75 m in and above the second floor. No balcony is allowed within the minimum setback area at the ground floor level. The length of the balcony shall be limited to 1/3 of the length of each side of the building.
c) Lifts: Lifts shall be provided for buildings with ground plus three floors and above. P a g e | 241
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d) Parking space: Adequate space for car parking shall be provided in the premises as per standards in Table - 11.
XV.
Water supply: Bore well shall be provided in all high rise buildings to provide alternative source of water supply where the Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board so desires and the strata is capable of yielding water.
XVI.
Height of building: In the reckoning of height of buildings, headroom, lift room, water tanks on terrace, penthouse may be excluded.
XVII.
Road alignment: In case of buildings that have been permitted lawfully by Town Municipal Council or Planning Authority and if such structures are obstruction to the alignment of the proposed roads in the Master Plan, 2031, such road alignment shall be re-looked into by the Authority and decision may be taken suitably.
XVIII.
Permissions: All permissions accorded by Govt. or by the Planning Authority shall be treated as conforming uses irrespective of the classification made in the Master Plan, 2031. This is to be allowed on a case by case basis only.
XIX.
New additions to existing buildings: In case of buildings which are existing prior to coming into force of these regulations,
upper floors may be permitted according to the existing coverage subject to limitation of height, F.A.R., Building Line or any road widening proposals in accordance with present regulations.
1.4. SUB-DIVISION REGULATIONS The purpose of these regulations is to guide the development of new areas in accordance with the land use plan. As long as this is done on sound planning principles with adequate space standards, the future of the Town is assured.
This will not necessitate costly
corrective measures, which would become necessary, if sub-standard growth is allowed to take place. These sub-division regulations are confined to standards of size of plots, street widths and community facilities.
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In sanctioning the sub-division of a plot under section 17 of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act, 1961, the Planning Authority shall among other things see that the following planning standards are followed for sub-division of plot. The Authority reserves the right to modify the layout submitted by the applicant / owner and may impose any condition either from the planning point of view or in the interest of public.
A. Amalgamation: i.
In the case of amalgamation, the proposed sites shall have the same land use.
ii.
Ownership of the amalgamated plot could be in a single or multiple names/family members/ company. But, amalgamation shall not be considered if the plots are under lease agreement.
iii.
Development controls for the amalgamated plot shall be with reference to new dimensions.
B. Bifurcation: i.
In the case of all bifurcations, whether corner site or intermediate site, front setback for the resulting site abutting the road shall be the same as that of the original site and not that of the subdivided site.
ii.
A Plot/ Site which is a part of the Sub division plan/layout/scheme duly approved by the Authority may be further bifurcated with prior permission of Authority and the sub divided plot shall not be less than the prescribed size of the plot.
iii.
Bifurcated plot shall not be less than 54 sq m. Bifurcated plot shall have a minimum of 3.5 m access.
iv.
The bifurcated plot shall have a minimum of 4.5 m frontage. This condition shall not apply to family partition sites.
1.4.1 Norms for Approval of Sub-division of plot or Layout Plan 1.4.1A Approval of residential layout: a) Size of plot No building plot resulting from a sub-division after these regulations come into force is smaller in size than 54 sq m in residential zone. In specific cases of sites for housing P a g e | 243
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schemes for economically weaker sections, low income groups, slum clearance and Ashraya housing, the authority may relax the above condition. b) Areas for open spaces and civic amenities The areas for open space and civic amenities and roads while sanctioning of layout for residential purpose shall be subject to the following conditions: i.
The area earmarked for residential sites shall be a maximum of 55% of the total extent.
ii.
Balance area shall be earmarked for roads, parks, and playgrounds and civic Amenities and the area under parks and playgrounds shall not be less than 10% of the total extent and the civic amenity area shall not be less than 5% of the total extent.
iii. Areas covered under Park Zones, Valleys, lake/nalla buffer etc may be shown as park in the layout plan. iv. If by incorporating major roads proposed in the Master Plan, the area under roads exceeds 45%, in such case the reservation under parks and civic amenities may be relaxed. v.
A maximum of 3% of the total area from out of the permissible residential area may be earmarked for commercial uses.
vi. The area reserved for parks and open spaces, civic amenities and roads shall be handed over to the Planning Authority free of cost through a registered relinquishment deed before taking up development of the layout. vii. Minimum width of road width shall not be less than 9.00 m. for plots upto 200 Sq M and for bigger plots the road width shall not be less than 12.00 m. viii. In case of EWS sites the minimum road width may be 7.5m ix. The land in question shall be converted for non-agricultural purpose. x.
The land shall be access from public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the zonal regulations of master plan.
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xi. The necessary development charges shall be paid to the concerned UDA / Local Authority. This fee is in addition to recovery of fee under Section 18 of K.T.C.P Act and other fees/charges prescribed by the Government from time to time. xii. Whenever the total area proposed for formation of layout exceeds 10acres, then adequate extent of land may be earmarked for provision / installation of utilities like transformer, sewage treatment plant, overhead water tank, bus bay / shelter, etc. this area may be taken into calculation under either CA or Park as the case may be. Decision of the Authority in this regard shall be final. xiii. Landscaping on the streets/ sideways/ sidewalks for better green cover shall be insisted for roads with road width of 15 m and above at the time of approval for development (layouts/ Development Plan/ building plan). xiv. While developing a land, if for any reason, the road has to be stopped without continuation, and then cul-de-sac with turnaround area of 9 m radius of the end shall be provided. xv. Extension of time period for the development of approved layout. The developer / owner shall complete the development works of the approved layout within a period of 2 years from the date of approval of the layout or such extended period provided the total period does not exceed 5 years. If the layout is not developed within the period as stipulated above, the planning authority may seek the approval of the Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA stating that the owner has already started the developments and the remaining developmental works in the layout requires reasonable time to complete such works. In this regard the decision of Metropolitan Commissioner, BMRDA shall be final.
1.4.1B Approval of single plot for residential purpose
Any extent of land can be approved as single plot subject to the following conditions:
i.
The land in question is converted for residential purpose.
ii.
The land shall have access from the public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the Zonal Regulations of the Master Plan.
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iii.
Zoning Regulations
The Authority shall collect the fee under Section 18 of the K.T.C.P. Act and development charges and any other fees and charges prescribed by the Government from time to time. In addition, fee for Rejuvenation of lake/tank as per section 18(A) of the K T C P Act, 1961 at the rate of Rs. 1,00,000/- per acre shall be levied and collected as per the Government circular No. Na A Ee 90 BMR 2010 dated
29-9-
2010.
iv.
In case owner of any land who has obtained approval for single plot desires to subdivide his plot at a later stage, he shall obtain approval by the Authority treating it as sub-division of land and the norms applies accordingly as prescribed in the Zoning Regulations.
v.
If any roads proposed in master plan shall be incorporated in the plan and shall be handed over to the authority free of cost.
vi.
The necessary development charges shall be paid to the concerned UDA / Local Authority. This fee is in addition to recovery of fee under Section 18 of K.T.C.P Act and other fees/charges prescribed by the Government from time to time.
1.4.1C Approval of Non-Residential layouts
A. If the non-residential layout for approval consists of only one single unit, approval shall be given subject to the following conditions: I.
The land in question shall be converted for non-agricultural purpose.
II.
Any extent of land can be approved as single plot.
III.
The land shall be access from public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the zonal regulations of master plan.
IV.
The minimum road width shall be 12m.
V.
A minimum 5% of the total extent of land shall be reserved for vehicle parking and this shall be in addition to the parking space prescribed in the Zoning Regulations as per the total floor area of the building.
VI.
A minimum 10% of the total extent shall be earmarked as park and open space.
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VII.
Zoning Regulations
Areas covered under Parks Zones, Valleys, lake/nallah buffer etc. may be shown as park in the development plan.
VIII.
The area reserved for vehicle parking and open space shall be maintained by the landowner and this land shall not be used for any other purpose by the landowner.
IX.
The Planning Authority shall collect the fee under section 18 of K.T.C.P. Act and development charges applicable and any other fees and charges prescribed by the Government from time to time.
X.
In case owner of any land who obtained approval for single plot desires to sub-divide his plot at later stage, he shall obtain approval of Authority for sub division of plots as per prescribed norms.
XI.
Any roads proposed in master plan shall be incorporated in the plan and shall be handed over to the authority free of cost.
B. If the non-residential layout for approval consists of two or more number of plots, the following conditions shall apply: I.
The land in question shall be converted for non-agricultural purpose.
II.
The land shall be access from public road and the use of land shall be in accordance with the zonal regulations of master plan.
III.
A minimum 5% of the total extent of land shall be reserved for vehicle parking and
this shall be in addition to the parking space prescribed in the Zoning
Regulations as per the total floor area of the building. IV.
A minimum 10% of the total extent of land shall be earmarked as park and open space.
V.
Minimum width of road shall not be less than 12.0m.
VI.
The area earmarked for parking, park and open space and roads shall be handed over to the local authority at free of cost for maintenance.
VII.
The Planning Authority shall collect the fee under Section 18 of K.T.C.P. Act and development charges and any other fees and charges prescribed by the Government from time to time. In addition, fee for rejuvenation of lake/tank as
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per section 18 1A (v) of the KTCP Act 1961 at the rate of 1 00,000 per acre shall be levied. VIII.
Any roads proposed in master plan shall be incorporated in the plan and shall be handed over to the authority free of cost. FAR & Ground coverage for Non – Residential development Plan Road width (m)
Coverage
FAR
12m to 15 m
55%
2.00
Above 15.0 to 18.0
50%
2.25
Above 18
50%
2.50
1.4.1D Regulations for Redevelopment Schemes In case of Slum Redevelopment Scheme, taken up by the Karnataka Housing Board and Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, the following regulations given in the table – 15 below shall be applicable. TABLE-15 SI. No 1
Regulations for Slum Redevelopment Scheme Land Use Allocation For rehabilitation scheme, procedure as per Section 14 A of Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act may be dispensed with in agricultural zone of approved Master Plan after consultation with the Director of Town and Country Planning and for re-development within the conurbation area shall be as per the Zonal Regulation and Master Plan proposals.
2
FAR & Ground Coverage taken up in the same location. Extent in Ha
Up to 0.4 Above 0.4 up to 0.8 Above 0.8
Min. all-round
Coverage
FAR
Min. Road width
60%
3.0
6m for buildings < 15m height and 9m for > 15 m height
6m
60%
3.0
9m for buildings< 15m ht and 12 m for > 15 m ht
7.5 m
60%
3.0
12.0 m
9.0 m
set back
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3
Zoning Regulations
FAR & Ground Coverage for a relocation scheme. Road width in m.
Coverage
FAR
Less than 12
60%
2.00
Above 12 and Up to 18
55%
2.25
Above 18 and up to 24
55%
2.50
Above 24 and up to 30
50%
3.00
Above 30
50%
3.25
Set backs
As per Table 2 or 3 of these Regulations
Minimum Open space and Civic Amenity area
4
Open space and Civic Amenity area shall be 15% of total sital area. Out of 15%, not less than 10% shall be reserved for park area and the rest reserved for Civic Amenity area. Such areas need not be handed over free of cost to the Authority Commercial 2% of the total area may be reserved for Commercial use subject to fulfillment of parking area. Set-backs As shown in item number 2 & 3
5
6
Distance between the blocks Up to 15 m height 6.0 m minimum & Above 15m height 9.Om minimum shall be
7
1.4.2 Standard of Roads a) Layouts Minimum Right of Way for streets proposed in layouts is as per Table 16. Table-16 Standard of Roads/streets in layouts Sl. No 1
Length and category of streets Residential
a) Up to 180 m
9.00 m
b) Above180 m Up to 500m
12.00 m
c) Above 500 m
18.00 m
d) Collector street (minor roads)
12.00 m
e) Major collector roads (feeder streets)
18.00 m
f) Arterial roads 2
Minimum right of way in m
18m, 24m and 30 m
Commercial a) Retail
12.00 m
b) Others
15.00 m P a g e | 249
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
3
Zoning Regulations
Industrial a) Up to 2.0 Hectare
12.00 m
b) Above 2.0 Hectare
15.00 m
b)
Single Plot Layouts One public through fare road shall be provided at the edges of the property as per the extent of land as shown in the Table – 17 below. Table-17 Standard of Roads/streets in layouts
Sl.
Single plot layout for
No
Extent of layout 1.00 to 2.00 ha
2.00 to 5.00 ha
Above 5.00 ha
1
Residential
9.00 m road
12.00 m road
18.00 m road
2
Commercial
12.00m road
18.00 m road
24.00 m road
3
Industrial and other uses
12.00m road
18.00 m road
24.00 m road
1.4.3
Standards for Civic Amenities, Parks & Play Grounds
Standards for Civic Amenities, Parks & Play Grounds regarding minimum area with respect to population per unit of different facilities are presented in Table 18 and 19 respectively. 1. Civic Amenities TABLE – 18
Standards for Civic Amenities Particulars
Population per unit
Area in ha.
a) Educational Facilities: i) Nursery School (age group 3 to 6
1,000
years) ii) Basic primary and Higher primary
3,500 to 4,500
school (age group 6 to 14 years) iii) Higher secondary school (age group
15,000
As per the Standards of Respective Departments
14 to 17 years) iv) College
50,000
b) Health Facilities: i) Dispensary
5,000
As per the Standards of
ii) Health Centre
20,000
Respective Departments
P a g e | 250
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
c) Other facilities: i) Post and Telegraph
10,000
ii) Police Station
10,000
As per the Standards of
iii) Religious Building
3,000
Respective Departments
iv) Filling Station
15,000
2. Parks, playground and open spaces The area standards and population benchmarks to be followed for providing parks, playground and open spaces are given in Table 19 below. TABLE – 19 Standards for Parks, playground and open spaces Sl. No.
Category
Population per unit
Area in hectares (min.)
1.
Tot-lot
500
0.05
2.
Children park
2,000
0.20
3.
Neighborhood play ground
1,000
0.20
4.
Neighborhood park
5,000
0.80
1.4.4 Building Line Building lines are prescribed for some important roads in Kanakapura town as presented in Table -20. Front setback is also prescribed separately for various types of buildings. The higher of the two shall be the minimum open space in order to have better street architecture and also to facilitate road widening proposal if any in future. TABLE –20 Proposed Building Line Sl. No.
Name of the Road
Proposed right of way (m)
Building line from the edge of ROW (m)
1
STRR
90.0
3.0
2
IRR
90.0
3.0
3 4
ITRR RR
90.0 60.0
3.0 3.0
P a g e | 251
Kanakapura LPA Master Plan 2031
Zoning Regulations
NOTE: For National Highways, State highways, Major District roads, other district roads and village roads standards specified (road width, building lines etc.,) by the Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India are to be followed vide Govt. Notification No: UDD 251 BMR 2005, dated 22-12-2005 and other circulars of Government of Karnataka) For all existing roads of width more than 15m shall be provided minimum of 3m building line.
(Shashikumar L) Member Convenor & Member-secretary
(S. B. Honnur) Additional Director
(K. R. Srinivas I.A.S ) Metropolitan Commissioner
Kanakapura Planning Authority Kanakapura
Town and Country Planning BMRDA
BMRDA
P a g e | 252
ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE 1: Notification for Kanakapura LPA
i
ii
iii
ANNEXURE 2: Govt. order for approval of IMP & MP provisional and notification for public objections/suggestions on provisional master plan
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
xi
xii
xiii
xiv
xv
xvi
xvii
xviii
ANNEXURE 3: Govt. order for constitution of committee to finalize the master plan 2031
xix
xx
xxi
ANNEXURE 4: Sathanur Township Declaration order
xxii
xxiii
xxiv
xxv
xxvi
xxvii
xxviii
xxix
xxx
ANNEXURE 5: Groundwater Development
General description of groundwater assessment unit in Kanakapura region and surroundings Sl.
Code
no.
of
No.
water- shed
1
Command
/
Type of rock
Averial
Remarks
non-command
formation
extent, Ha
4B3B5
NC
Gneiss
1,21,500
Kanakapura
2
4B3B6
NC
Gneiss
86,500
North
3
4B3B7
NC
Gneiss
52,000
North west side
4
4B3C1
NC
Gneiss
86,300
West side
5
4B3C2
NC
Gneiss
1,16,800
North west corner
Source: Report on dynamic groundwater resources of Karnataka, March 2004
Ground water resources potential in Kanakapura region and surroundings
Details
Code No. of water shed 4B3B5
4B3B6
4B3B7
4B3C1
4B3C2
3112
565
2021
0
1525
1474
3541
609
3369
2166
non-
1471
866
467
1177
1401
Recharge from other sources during non-
1083
683
969
531
1148
Total annual ground water recharge, Ham
7140
5655
4066
5076
6241
Natural discharge during non-monsoon
357
283
203
254
312
6783
5372
3862
4823
5929
Recharge from rain fall during monsoon season, Ham Recharge from other sources during monsoon season, Ham Recharge
from
rainfall
during
monsoon season, Ham
monsoon season, Ham
season, Ham Net ground water availability, Ham
Source: Report on dynamic groundwater resources of Karnataka, March 2004
xxxi
ANNEXURE 6: Stage of Ground Water Development of Watershed Zones in Kanakapura Taluk and Bangalore South Taluk Parameter
4B3B5
4B3B6
4B3B7
4B3C1
Kanakapura
Bangalore South
1. Total Annual Ground water
9383.61
6543.16
Recharge 2.
Net
annual
ground
water
6783
5371
3862.44
4822
8914.43
6216
12165
7647
6589.26
3612
14469.58
11262.10
723
509
208.13
443
890.79
594.52
12888
8156
6797.39
4055
15360.37
11856.63
1005
708
289.30
625
1240.30
834.08
0
0
0
584
116.88
0
190
151
175.99
84
of water levels
Yes
No
No
Yes
pre-monsoon
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
OE
OE
OE
Critical
9%Critical
OE
availability, Ham 3. Existing gross ground water draft for irrigation, Ham 4. Existing gross ground water draft for domestic and industrial water supply, Ham 5. Existing gross ground water draft for all uses, Ham 6.
Allocation
for
domestic
&
industrial use for the next 25 years, Ham 7. Net ground water availability for future irrigation development, Ham 8. Existing stage of groundwater development, % 9. Is there any significant decline
post-monsoon 10. Category
91%OE 11.
Average
crop
water
0.62
0.42
0.82
0.82
0.82
-
0
0
0
715
142.91
0
requirement, m 12. Balance ground water irrigation potential available, Ha Source: Report on dynamic ground water resources of Karnataka as on March-2004
OE – Over exploited Only 34 MLD is available for entire taluk
xxxii
ANNEXURE 7: Status of Groundwater Utilization Lower Cauvery Catchment (4b3)
xxxiii
ANNEXURE 8: Status of Groundwater Utilization Bangalore Rural District
xxxiv
ANNEXURE 9: Road Cross Sections (As per IRC-86-1983)
Fig 1- Arterial Road Cross- Section (RoW- 50-60m)
Fig 2- Sub- Arterial Road Cross- Section (RoW- 30-40m)
Fig 3- Collector road cross section – 4 lane divided (RoW- 20-30m)
xxxv
Fig 4- Collector road cross section - 2 lane divided (RoW- 10-20m)
Figs 5- Local Street cross section with side walk (RoW: 10-12m)
xxxvi
Kanakapura Planning Authority Municipal Khata .No.297/271, Ranganatha Swamy Devasthana Road, Kanakapura-562117, Ramanagara District Email: [email protected] Phone NO -27526208 Web: www.kanakapura-pa.in
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