July 2006

2006 Zlvikd f 19

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

0

2006 Zlvikd f 19

rdru d , kd u f kd emrnf}uD;atmif =uG,0f atmif vkyw f wfonfrmS Edik if H a&;r[kw?f wdik ;f jynfaumif;atmifvyk w f wfrS Edik if aH &;jzpf.? Edik if aH &;qko d nfrmS usEG yfk w f dk ah e ph OfEiS t fh r# vl ah vmuwGiaf wG h }uHKae=u&aom udpyP ifjzpfayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh qkad omf Edik if aH &;rSm vl u h pd [ P q k &kd ayrnf? usEG ykf w f dk h pm;r_/ aomufr/_ aer_/ xdik rf /_ oGm;r_/ vmr_ tpkpo k nf Edik if aH &;om jzpfonf? usEG ykf w f dk o h nf Edik if aH &;ukd rqifjcif rawG;awmrdapumrl Edik if aH &;onf usEG ykf w f kd Eh iS fh t+rJwap qufo, G af eonf? (Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; - 1946 ZEM0g&v D 20 tv,fypP,n H v D mcH)

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

1

2006 Zlvikd f 19

Tpmapmifukd trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf(vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGJ rS atmufygtiftm;pkrsm;jzifh xkwaf 0ygonf wm0efcpH mwnf; pmwnf;tzGJ 0h if b¾ma&; pmpDpm±du k f "gwyf kH rsuEf mS zk;H ESifh twGi;f tjyiftqif ykEH ySd /f csKyfyv f yk /f jzef ch sd

oef Zh ifO;D vS[ef/ aomif;jrifOh ;D / wGwaf ±$/ armifarmifv=S udKif oif oi;f oif;vwf/ rmrmjrifh jrode;f / cifjrwfo/l ausmv f id_ af t;/ oef ah Zmfrif; pd;k rd;k Edik f rrd;k OD;/ ausmaf usmEf idk (f 2)/ aZ,smrif;xGe;f / rif;acgiaf usmf qefe/D atmifrif;/ ausmaf usmEf idk (f 1) omxuf/ rif;OD;/ aZ,sm0if;/ aZmfaZmf0if;aX;/ 0if;atmif(2)/ at;Edik /f aevif;atmif

a&$&wk tm; qufo, G &f ef w,fvzD ;kH 03-5974-1981/ 090-4532-0568/ 090-6040-8282 zufpf 03-3910-5767/ 03-5952-5790/ 03-3362-1594 tD;ar;vf [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

[email protected]

pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h ef #101 Enatsu House 4-8-5 Kami Ikebukuro Toshima-ku Tokyo- 170-0001 Japan

a&$&wk rS pmrlrsm;ukd }udKqkv d su±f ydS gonf 'Dru dk a&pDpeH pf awG;ac:usio fh ;kH a&;/ vl h tcGit fh a&;av;pm;vdu k ef mqufqaH &;/ trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;pdw"f gw±f iS o f efxufjruf a&;/wkd t h wGuf taxmuftuljyKonfh pmrlrsm;ukd av;pm;pGmzdwaf c:ygonf?

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

2

2006 Zlvikd f 19

rmwdum ajymvku d yf gbd a[mygbd

aZmf*sD

aemufausmzk;H

tmZmenfro d m;pk

1

a±$&wktmabmf

4

Adv k rf ;ª csKyfa[mif; ausmaf ZmESit fh ifwmAsL;

5

ausmif;om;0wW&m;

armifatmifqef;(bDat) 8

rarhEidk af om Zlvikd f 19 &uf

Adv k x f eG ;f vS

11

19 Zlvikd f w&m;cHrsm;w&m;pD&ifcsuf

pmwnf;tzGJ 0h ifwOD;

16

cGyaf 'gi;f awmifycH wforH sm; vufcyk o f H

18 0if;atmif(2)

owif;ya'om }udK;r±_yaf om ypfwd wikd ;f axmifrsm;

23 25

armifarmifv}S udKif

"gwyf o kH wif;

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

30 32

3

2006 Zlvikd f 19

a&$&wktmabmf 2006/Zlvikd v f (19)&ufae@wiG (f 59)}udraf jrmuftmZmenfae@tjzpfus a&mufcyJh g+yD// xkad e@xt kd csed af &mufrS jrefrmEkid if v H w G v f yfa&;uk&d ,l&ef usq;kH oGm;&aom tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;. *k%af us;Zl;rsm;ukd az:xkwjf yojcif;jzifh vGr;f woo&Sad =umif; az:jyolrsm;vnf; r&Sm;ay// xko d kd@owd&olrsm;&Sad o;jim;aomfvnf;/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG f vuf±t dS yk cf sKyf aeolrsm;onf tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;.tcef;u¾ ao;odru f m arS;rSed af ysmufys,+f yD;oGm;atmif vkyaf eonfuv kd nf; trsm;todyif jzpfygonf// trsK;d om;acgi;f aqmif}uD; Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESit fh wlwuGusq;kH oGm;& aom tmZmenfo&l aJ umif;}uD;rsm;.aus;Zl;a=umifo h m taESmiftzGJ h uif;aom vGwv f yfa&;ukd t&,lEikd cf o Jh nfurkd ar@tyfay? vGwv f yfa&; ukd t&,lEikd cf aJh omfvnf; Adv k cf sKyfEiS afh cgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm; ar#mS rf eS ;f cJah om Ekid if aH wmftjzpfukd um; ,ae@xrd a&muf&aSd o;yg? tmZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;. *k%af us;Zl;rsm;ukd owdw&&So d uJo h kd@ ,if;wkd ah r#mrf eS ;f xm;cJah om/ tajccHvl@tcGif@ta&;rsm;tjynf@t0&So d nf@ Ekid if aH wmfokd@ ta&muf csw D uf&efrmS tm;vk;H .wm0efyifjzpfonf// ,ckw}udraf &$&wkpmapmifukd tmZmenfae@ txl;xkwt f jzpf &nf&, G f I xkwaf 0vku d yf gonf// ,ckpmapmifrpS I ykrd akd umif;rGeyf jD yifpmG zGJ@pnf;+yD; vpOfrjywfxw k af 0oGm;Ekid &f ef &nf&, G yf gonf// yk*K~d vfa&;xdcu kd rf r_ ygaom "rR"Ïd mefusonfph mrlrsm;ESifh jynf@ppkH mG az:jy oGm;&efvnf; }udK;pm;oGm;ygrnf// a&$&wkpmapmif jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tzufzufru S n l yD yhH ;kd =uaom jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD ESifh tzGJ@csKyf tzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; *k%jf yKrSww f rf; wifxm;tyfygonf ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

4

2006 Zlvikd f 19

Adv k rf LS ;csKyf(a[mif;)ausmfaZm

ESifh tifwmAsL;

2006 Zlvdkifv (19)&uf ar;cGe;f (1) ? ? *syefrmS ppfynmoifpOfupvd@k Armhvw G v f yfa&;wdu k yf u JG mvtwGi;f ppfacgi;f aqmif wOD;taeeJ@ Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; wm0ef,cl w hJ hJ umvtwGi;f rSm Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ywf oufvdk@ rSwrf w S &f & tjzpftysurf sm; ±Scd w Jh mawGe@J ywfoufv@kd ajymjyay;apvdyk gw,f cifAsm? ajz ? ? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ywfoufvdk@ usaemfjynfjh ynfph pkH kH a&;om;a[majymbl;ygw,f? 1960 ckEpS Zf v l idk (f 19)&ufae@ jynfol@&aJ bmfA[dXk mecsKyfrmS usi;f ywJ“h Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ae@”a[majymyGJ rSm wufa&mufajym=um;cJw h Jh a[majymcsujf zpfygw,f? tJ'h pD mwef;udk pmtkyt f jzpfvJ xkwaf 0+yD;yg +yD? - tck 'Dae&mrSmawmh usaemf yk*K~d vft& Akv d cf sKyfe@J qufpyf+yD; rSwrf w S &f & tjzpftysuu f av;rsm;udb k J ajymjyygrh ,f? usaemf Adv k cf sKyfudk 1942 ckEpS f *syefa&mufrb S J yk*Kd~ vft& od±cdS w hJ myg? Adv k cf sKyf[m usaemf wdk@ &Jabmfo;Hk usyd rf sm;&J@acgi;f aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,al eayrJh ppfynmoifwef;qif;wJt h cgrmS awmh us aemfwdk@ atmufajc&Jabmfrsm;eJ@twl wnDwJ tyifyef;tqif;&JcH avhusiyfh gw,f? 'g[m usaemfwdk@ twGuf tvGeaf umif;rGew f Jh oifcef;pm vrf;jycsuv f J jzpfygw,f? usaemf *syefrmS ppfynmoifpOf 'dik , f m&Dae@pOfa&;ygw,f? usaemf tjzpftysuf wcke@J ywfouf+yD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ta=umif;a&; xm;wm zwf=unfyh g?

(20--6-1941ae@ us usaemf aemfwdk@&J@ 15 uDvv dk rf;av#mufcsw D uf+yD; 5 rdik ±f n S af om wdu k yf aJG vhusicfh ef;wck (20 ESifh ywfouf+yD; tqH;k wGiaf &;om;xm;csu)f “Twdu k yf o GJ nf usKyfwdk@ tvGeaf useyfonf? Tr# ±Snv f sm;pGm r&yfrem;bJ wdu k cf &Jh onf? urBmwGif b,fppfom;rS ra=umufawmhay? *syefppfom; taumif;qH;k rpPwm[x&Dyif aemufq;Hk ae&mudk tm;cJ+yD;vm&onf? ArmjynftwGuf 0rf;ajrmufonf? usKyfwdk@ yifyef;ojzifh us& aom ac|;ayguo f nf ArmjynftwGuf at;csr;f bd@k t&dyt f a&mif rd;k a&rd;k aygujf zpf&acsrnf? usKyfwdk@ xdak vhusicfh ef;udk tauseyf}uD; auseyfonf? Armtm;vH;k 5 rdik pf pfwvif;tqH;k udk twlwl a&muf =uonf? txl;ojzifh ocifatmifqef;. ZGo J wWu d kd vlwikd ;f 0rf;xJu auseyf=uonf? ” - Adv k cf sKyfeJ@ywfoufvdk@ tJovdk usaemftrSwx f ifxif a&;xm;zl;ygw,f? - usaemfwdk@ ppfynmoifaepOf *syefrsm;eJ@qufqaH &; tqifrajy tzktxpfawG±v Sd m+yD; pd;k &draf =umif=h ursm; 0ifvm=upOfrmS vJ Adv k cf sKyfu usaemfw@kd ukd t+rJtm;ay;pum;ajymygw,f? “a[h ³³³³ aovJArmyDyD ZmwdrmefeJ@ao=u/ &efou l rdv@kd ‘vuf’tm;ae&if vufeJ@x;dk / ‘ajc’tm;ae&if ajceJ@uef/ aemufq;Hk ‘yg;pyf’bJtm;ae&if yg;pyfe@J uu kd +f yD;rS &J&o J m aojyvdu k af yg”h [k tm;ay;wwfygw,f? Adv k cf sKyf[m r=umc% 'Dvadk jymwwfygw,f? aemufq;kH az:rdq k mrS Armjynfjyefwt Jh cg tif'cdk sKd if;em; (,ck AD,uferf) aq;*H+k rdK@rmS bmowif;rS r=um;bJ bkrodbrod tm;vH;k udk tcef;w ckxJ tavSmifcx H m;ae&pOfuvJ Adv k cf sKyfa&muf+yD; 'Dpum;rsKd ; ajymygao;w,f? 'Dpum;[m tay:,H=unf&h if rdu k ±f ;l &Jpum;vd@k xifp&m±Sad yrJh ol&owWed J@ jynf0h aeygw,f? tvGef =urf;wrf;wJh e,fcsJ@pepfudk wdu k w f aJh e&mrSm 'Dvpkd w d "f gwo f wWrd sKd ;jyrSom e,fcsJ@pepfu t±_;H

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

5

2006 Zlvikd f 19

ay;rSm vuf±GH@rmS jzpfygw,f? ud, k u f sq;Hk oGm;&&ifvJ use&f pfol rsKd ;csprf sm;twGuf qufwu kd yf 0JG ifb@kd pdww f ufºuGb, G f jzpfayr,f? 'g[m Adv k cf sKyf&J@ usaemfw@kd tay: t+rJ±u kd o f iG ;f aeaom pdw"f gwjf zpfyg w,f? *syefrmS aepOf udpw P ckvJ jzpfysucf yJh gao;w,f? usaemfw@kd wawG wn nwdu k yf aGJ vhusifh cef; vky=f u&ygw,f? usaemfwdk@tzGJ@u uif;yke;f 0yf&+yD; &efopl cef;udk axmufvrS ;f bd@k Adv k cf sKyfatmif qef;eJ@ &Jabmfwa,mufudk uif;axmuftzGJ@tjzpf apv$wv f u kd yf gw,f? olwkd@ (2)a,muf awmf awmfeJ@jyefra&mufvmygb;l ? reufa0vDa0vif;tcsed u f srS usaemfw@kd uif;yke;f 0yfwaJh e&mem; rouFm bG,f vlEpS af ,mufa&mufvmvdk@ zrf;vdu k &f mrSmawmh uif;axmufb@kd apv$wv f u dk w f Jh Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ ESpaf ,mufjzpfaeygawmhw,f? olwdk@ ESpaf ,muf rsupf v d nf vrf;rSm;+yD; &efol@pcef;rSw+f yD; ud, k f@pcef; em; uk, d jf yefa&muf+yD; uif;axmufaewmyg? usaemfw@kd wawG Adv k cf sKyfudk tm;emvdk@ r&D&aJ yrJh *syef q&mrsm;uawmh +yHK;aph+yHK;aph jzpfuek yf gw,f? rd;k vif;oGm;vd@k nwdu k yf v JG J rwdu k v f u dk &f ygb;l ? 'Dtjzpftysuu f av;[m tay:,H=unfv h u kd &f if &,farmbG,jf zpfayrJh tESpcf sKyf=unf&h if Adv k cf sKyf&J@ ESrd cf swJh vky[ f efudk jrifEidk yf gw,f? Adv k cf sKyf[m tJ'v D dk vky[ f efav;rsm;eJ@vJ usaemfw@kd wawGukd ynmay;cJyh gw,f? 'Dae&mrS }uHK}udKufw;Hk Adv k v f ufsmta=umif;vJ teJi,fxnfah y;vdyk gw,f? wu,fawmh Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;eJ@ Adv k v f ufsm[m ausmif;aebuf oli,fcsi;f Edik if aH &;vkyf az:udik zf ufawGyg? 'gayrJh Adv k v f ufsm[m *syefudk a&muf+yD;aemuf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;&J@ tqifah e&m udk rdr&d J@ acgi;f aqmifvdk oabmxm;vdu k +f yD; tvGeEf rdS cf spmG ±dak oav;pm;pGm qufqyH gawmhw,f? 'Dae&mrSm Adv k v f ufsm&J@ vky[ f ef jyocsuu f awmh wkid ;f jynftwGuf vlrsKd ;twGuf tusKd ;±Srd ,fq&dk if b,fov l yk v f yk f igyck ;Hk eJ@ xrf;wifr,fqw dk Jh uk, kd u f sKd ;pGe@f vky[ f efjzpfygw,f? wu,fawmh usaemfwdk@ &Jabmfo;Hk usyd 0f ifawGukd 'Dacgi;f aqmifawGu vky[ f efaumif;awG eJ@ vrf;jycJ=h uwmyg? 'gudk usaemft h aeeJ@ tckacwfEikd if aH &;vkyaf e=uwJh &Jabmfrsm;twk,El idk b f dk@ jyef vnfajymjy&jcif;jzpfygw,f? ar;cGe;f (2) ?

? 1947 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f 19 &ufae@ Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wd@k vky}f uHc&H pOf Adv k cf sKyf

ausmaf ZmtaeeJ@ b,frmS wm0efxrf;aqmifaeygovJ? wm0efuswahJ e&m rSm Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wdk@ usq;Hk +yDvdk@ od&wJt h cg b,fvdk cHpm;cJ&h ygovJ? aemuf+yD; tJ'yD wf0ef;usif tajctaerSm b,fvw kd @kH jyefra_ wG±cSd w Jh ,fqw dk mawGudk jyef+yD;ajymjy ay;vd@k &Edik yf grh vm; cifAsm ? ajz ? ? tJ@'u D mvu usaemf[m uENpD mcsKyfoabmwlncD sut f & jyefz@JG pnf;cJw h Jh ajcvsiw f yf&if; (3) &J@ 'k&if;rSL; jzpfygw,f? oHvsirf mS wyfpx GJ m;ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ tJ'o D wif;qd;k }uD;udk =um;odvu kd &f wJ@tcg }uD;pGmwkev f y_ af csmuf csm;oGm;=uyg w,f? ajcvsiw f yf&if;(3)&J@ wyf&if;rSL;[m Adv k rf LS ;=uD; z&pfZ,f yg? olucsucf si;f wyf&if;ut&m±Sd tm;vH;k udk ol@±;Hk cef;udk ac:,l+yD; Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ vky}f uHc&H yHu k dk ajymjy+yD; &Jabmfrsm;udk xde;f odr;f ay;bd@k vJ yef=um;ygw,f? tJ'D t*Fvyd pf pfAv dk rf sm; tm;vH;k rsuEf mS raumif;=uygb;l ? &JabmfawG pdwv f u dk rf mef ygeJ@ olwdk@udk &ef±mS rSm pd;k &dryf &Hk ygw,f? usaemfwdk@ wyf&if;udv k J oHvsiu f ae &efuek af *:&muke;f udk t+yD;tydik f tjrefajymif;a±$@cikd ;f +yD; Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ usq;Hk oGm;&vdk@ rwnfr+idrjf zpfaewJh &efuek +f rdK@ukd xde;f bd@k wm0efay;jcif;cH&vdk@ usaemf wdk@ &efuek u f dk ajymif;vm&ygw,f? Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ vky}f uHc&H vdk@ Armjynfoal wGrsm;pGm 0rf;enf;wkev f y_ =f u+yD; b,fov l yk w f mvJ?

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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2006 Zlvikd f 19

bma=umifv h yk w f mvJ? qdw k mawGudk odcsi=f u+yD; a'govJ tvGex f u G af e=uygw,f? 0rf;enf;pdwf tm;i,fpw d af wGEiS fh aemifa&;twGuf ylyefra_ wGvJ ±S=d uygw,f? tJ't D wGi;f rSm usaemfwdk@EiS w fh uG jynfot l rsm;udk todynmwd;k wufyiG ;f vif;apaom tcsu}f uD;wcsuf ay:xGuv f mygw,f? 'guawmh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw&D @J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u Adv k cf sKyfwdk@ vky}f uHc&H wm[m +Adwo d #e,fcs@J orm;wdk@ vufcsuv f dk@ ajymvdu k v f dk@ jynfot l rsm; Edik if aH &;t& rsupf yd iG o fh mG ;ygawmhw,f? +Adwo d #tpd;k &uvJ jynfov l x l ak 'go olw@dk bufvn S v fh mrSa=umufv@kd wu,fvv J yk }f uHchJ wJh *VKef OD;apmudk csucf si;f zrf;qD;ta&;,lwm vkyv f u kd &f ygawmhw,f? +Adwo d #wdk@tay: ocifoef;xGe;f &J@ pGypf cJG su[ f m Edik if aH &;t& w&m;cHtppfudk pGypf w GJ mjzpf +yD; +Adwo d #wdk@u OD;apmudk ta&;,lwmuawmh wdu k ±f u kd &f mZ0ifa=umif;t& jzpfygw,f? 'Dae&mrSm usaemftaeeJ@ OD;apmuay;wJh Edik if aH &; oifcef;pmudk ajymjyvdyk gw,f? *VKef OD;apm[m t*Fvyd v f ufatmufrmS ±Spd Of *syefe@J wdww f qdwq f ufo, G v f dk@ +Adwo d # wdk@u ol@udk 'kw, d urBmppf=uD;twGi;f tmz&du ,l*E<mudyk @kd csKyfaESmifxm;vdk@ 'kw, d urBmppf}uD; twGi;f Armjynfow l dk@. Edik if aH &;tod tvGejf rifw h ufomG ;+yDqw kd mudk olem;rvnfcyJh g? ol@taeeJ@ ppfrjzpfrD Armjynf&Jh (19)Xme tkycf sKyfa&; tawG@t}uHKom ±S+d yD; tawG;tac:tvGeaf emufusaeyH&k ygw,f? 'gt h jyif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqe;f&J@ tcef;u¾udv k J todtrSwjf yKcsiyf Hk jyKEdik yf rkH &yg? omref ausmif;om; acgi;f aqmifav;wa,muftjzpfom jrifaeyH&k +yD; Armjynfoal wGt=um; Adv k cf sKyf&J@ =o Zm*,uf rnfr# }uD;rsm;ae+yD qdw k mudv k J em;vnfEikd jf cif;r±Sd jzpfaeyH&k ygw,f? +Adwo d #e,fcsJ@orm;rsm;taeeJ@uvJ 'kw, d urBmppft+yD; tvGepf pfyef;ppfemae+yDjzpfv@kd t±Sed t f [keef J@ wufvmaewJh trsKd ;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; v_y±f mS ;r_rsm;udk [ef@wm;Edik jf cif;r±Sad wmhbJ udv k edk rD sm;udk vGwv f yfa&;udk ay;&awmhrJh tajctaejzpfvmygawmhw,f? 'ga=umifh [efjy Edik if aH &; t& vGwv f yfa&;av; ay;+yD; pD;yGm;a&;t& qufvufcsKyfuidk Ef idk b f @kd =udK;pm;&ygawmhw,f? 'Dvt kd csed rf mS ArmjynfrS Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;vdk vlrsKd ;ay:vmwmyg? Adv k cf sKyf[m Armjynfudk Edik if aH &;t& vGwv f yfa&;omru pD;yGm;a&;t&vGwv f yfciG u fh ykd g awmif;qdak e+yD; Armjynfudk e,fcsJ@pepf vuf atmufrS tjywftowf ±ke;f xGuEf idk af tmif }udK;pm;aeolvJ jzpfygw,f? 'Dvdk vlrsKd ;[m +Adwo d # e,f csJ@orm;rsm;twGuf tvGet f EW&,f]uD;+yD; aemufvrl sm; 'Dvrkd vky&f aJ tmif tjywfvyk jf ybdk@vJ e,fcsJ@ orm;rsm; tzdk@ vdt k yfvmaeygw,f? 'Dvt dk csed rf mS Edik if aH &; ud, k u f sKd ;}uD;wJh OD;apm[m +Adwo d #wdk@ axmifacsmufxJ us&wmyg? OD;apm[m wdik ;f cspf jynfcsppf w d f toift h wifh ±Scd [ hJ ef±ydS gw,f? odk@aomfvJ txufrmS ajymcJo h vdb k J vufawG@Eidk if aH &;eJ@ uif;uGm+yD; uk, d af &;}uD;yGm;vdpk w d f yk*Kd~ vfa&;rke;f wD;r_ pwmawGa=umifh 'Dvdk 'kuQ a&mufomG ;&wmyg? 'gudk usaemfwdk@ Edik if aH &;orm;rsm; em;vnfojd rifoifyh gw,f? ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ ,ckpmapmifonf 59 ESpaf jrmuf tmZmenfae t h xdr;f trSwt f aeeSihf txl;xkwjf zpfonft h avsmuf yg0ifaeus qufvufazmfjyaeonfh aqmif;yg;rsm;ukd ae&mtcuftcJa=umifh csev f yS f xm;cJ&h ygonf? aemifpmapmifrsm;wGif qufvufazmfjyay;oGm;rnfjzpfyga=umif;?

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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2006 Zlvikd f 19 acwf+ydKif*sme,f

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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2006 Zlvikd f 19

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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2006 Zlvikd f 19

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trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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2006 Zlvikd f 19

1947 ckEpS Zf v l idk v f 19 &uf rd;k Owka&mufaejyDjzpfI xkad eheeH ufyidk u f &efuek jf rdK yh wf0ef;usiYf aumif;uifonf tkH rh id_ ;f !drk e_ f um wcsuw f csuw f zGzJ aGJ evdu k f wòzduòf zdu&f mG csvu kd Ef iS hf rd;k onf vk;H vk;H pJonfr&Sd apGIomaeav onf// xdo k dk ah umif;uifonf =unfvifjcif;r&Sb d J ork'&N mjyif=uD;vdk 0d;k 0d;k 0g;I aeaom 1947 ck Zlvidk v f 19 &uf paeae eh eH ufu u|Eykf af wG =h uH ck &Jh onfh tjzpftysurf mS v#yw f jyufjrifrufvu kd &f aom tdrrf ufwckuo Jh dk yh ifwnf;// rajrmfvifEh idk af vmufatmif vsijf refveG ;f aoma=umifv h nf; tdrrf ufpm;r[kwf wu,fh tjzpf tysujf zpfa=umif;udk &uftwef=umonfw h ikd af tmif u|Eykf . f pdwx f JwiG , f =Hk unf&eftawmfcJ,Of;pGm =ud ;k pm;aecJ&h avonf// befaumufvckH sn/f oeyfcg;a&mif rEWav;yd;k wdu k yf t Hk us/ô oJ=udK;tjz al &mifav,mOfysb H ed yfwkd h jzifh 0wfqifum (cgwidk ;f ol0wfaeus umuD,el aD zmif;r[kwo f jzif)h vSy prwfusaeaom Adv k cf sKyf atmifqef;onf xdak e eh u H t f rd rf t S xGuYf jyHK;jyHK;&$i&f i$ Ef iS hf oR;D axG;uav; rrpkuydk if ,k,pGmerf;&_yf E_wq f ufcjJh yD;cgrS twGi;f 0ef&;kH odk ah &mufjyD; rsupf w d rSw d v f #yw f jyuftwGi;f w'dik ;f 'dik ;f wGuaf y:vm aom pufaoeyforH sm;ESit fh wl a&wdref pfc&Jh ykrH mS u|eyf rf supf w d iG f vsijf refpmG jyooGm;aom &ky&f iS f um;wckudk =unfvu dk &f onfEiS v fh nf;wlayonf// ppfjyD;acwf(vGwv f yfa&;rwdik rf )D +Adwo d #b&k ifcH Armjynfut kd yk pf ;kd aepOftwGi;f uufbed uf ac: 0ef=uD;rsm;tzGJ u h dk (Governor’s Executive council) bk&ifc. H tr_aqmiftzGJ [ h ak c:wGiv f suf 0ef=uD;tpnf;ta0;rsm;udv k nf; ,if;tzGJ . h obmywdjzpfaom bk&ifcaH exdik &f m tpd;k &tdraf wmf (,ckorRwtdraf wmf) Yusi;f yavh&. Sd // odk ah omf Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;wdk b h v d yfwiG t f a&;qdk (atmif qef;tufwvD) pmcsKyf csKyfq+dk yD;aomtcsed f (1947 ckZEMm0g&v D )rSpI 0ef=uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;udk twGi;f 0efrsm;&H;k odk ah jymif;a&$ ph nf;a0;um xd0k ef=uD;tpnf;ta0;wGiv f nf; bk&ifcv H mrwufawmh bJ 'kw, d 0bmywdjzpfaom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;uyifobmywdtjzpf wm0ef,al qmif&u G cf o Jh nf// t"dy`g,u f m; ArmEdik if u H dk vGwv f yfa&;ay;&awmhrnfrmS aocsmoGm;+yDjzpfIwdik ;f jynfa&;&m udprP sm;wGif +Adwo d #tpd;k &ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfaom bk&ifcu H 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufjcif; rjyKawmhyg[al om txdr;f trSwu f dk +Adwo d #wdk u h pwifjyoonfo h abmyifjzpfayonf// 0ef=uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;ud&k ufowWwywfv#iw f =udru f s omreftm;jzifu h si;f yavh&&Sd m rsm; aomtm;jzifh Ak'[ < ;l ae w h idk ;f eHeuf 10 em&Dtcsed w f iG f twGi;f 0ef&;Hk Adv k cf sKyf.&k;H cef;Yyif usi;f yavh &Sad vonf// Zlvidk v f 16 &ufA'k [ < ;l ae eh eH uf 10em&DwiG f 0ef=uD;rsm;tzGJ h tywfpOftpnf;ta0;udk twGi;f 0ef&;kH Yusiyf &efppD Ofa=unmxm;+yD;jzpfavonf// u|eyf . f wm0ef0wW&m;wckrmS rsm;jym;vSpmG

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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2006 Zlvikd f 19

aom Adv k cf sKyf.tvkyw f m0ef/ csed ;f qdck su/f tpnf;ta0;ponfwkd u h kd wck+yD;wck tpDtpOfrvGJ acsm&f atmif pDrzH efw;D ay;&jcif;jzpfav&m t*Fgae eh u H u f saomtcg u|eyf u f -“ Adv k cf sKyf eufjzef0ef =uD;tpnf;ta0;vkyb f dk ch sed ;f xm;w,f// v$waf wmfaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;uvJreufjzef 10 em&DbJ jzpfaew,fb,fE, S v f yk rf vJ”[kar;&molu“ a[[kwv f m;// 'gjzifv h w $ af wmfaumfrwDub dk Jwufr,f// tD;pDupkd aeae rh eufajymif;vkyv f u dk u f mG ” [kq;kH jzwfcsucf svu dk &f m ArmjynfEidk if aH &;ordik ;f wGif t&kyq f ;kd qk;H aom Zlvidk v f 19 &uf vlowft a&;awmfy=Hk uD;. uH=urRmpwifcaJh vonf// 1947 ckZv l idk v f 19 &uf (paeae )h eHeuf 10 em&Dx;kd vwfaomf twGi;f 0ef&rkH sm;tay:xyf (p ywfvrf;buf)umuG,af &;0ef}uD;. &k;H cef;r}uD;Y Adv k cf sKyfrw S yg; tm;vk;H aom0ef}uD;rsm;onf pkpH n Hk D nDa&muf&aSd e=uavjyD// 0ef}uD;rsm;aumifpt D zGJ . h twGi;f 0ef OD;a&$abmf/ vufaxmuftwGi;f 0ef OD;wiftek ;f /&k;H tky}f uD;OD;c wdk rh mS tpnf;ta0;qdik &f mrSww f rf;pm&Gupf mwrf;zdik w f JG ponfrsm;udjk yifqif&mS azG&if; tvky&f y_ f vsu±f =Sd uavonf// 10em&D 10rdepf wdwt d csed w f iG t f rSw(f R.C.2874) teufa&mif0pD vD um;wpD; onf twGi;f 0ef±;kH A[dak vSum;=uD;. ajc&if;odk h qdu k af &mufvmavonf// u|eyf rf mS Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESifh wcsed v f ;kH oGm;twlvmtwlyw l JyG g±aSd v&m tvky0f wW&m;qdik &f m udpw P dk Yh omru xrif;pm;yGJ/ {nfch yH GJrsm;odk h oGm;jcif;rStp wcgw&H±yk ±f iS jf yZwf=unfjh cif;/ naecif; tvnftywfomG ;jcif;wdk rh mS yif waumufaumuf aemufuygcaJh vonf// xdo k dk yh gae&mY u|eyf rf mS Adv k cf sKyftwGuf t+rJwapowdrvpfapbJ tppt&m&mrvpf[if;atmif *&kpu dk cf &Jh .// ArmjynftESH htjym;odk h e,fvn S cfh &D;wGu&f onfh tcgrsm;Y av,mOfysaH y:wufv#iu f |eyf u f Adv k f csKyf t&ifwufI oabmFrq S if;v#iv f nf; Adv k cf sKyfrqif;rD u|eyf u f a&S h rSqif;avh&cSd o Jh nf// t a=umif;wpkw H &m±Scd aJh omf bmudb k Jjzpfjzpfu|eyf u f Adv k cf sKyft&ifawG =h uH ak p&rnf[k &nf±, G cf su&f Sd aoma=umifyh ifwnf;// ,ck Zlvidk v f qef; avmufuwnf;u u|eyf w f dk o h nf txl;owdjy *k ±kpu dk f ae=u&onfh ta=umif;w&yfrmS bD/td/k 'D/ppfwyfrS b&if;*ef;aoewf 200 ausmaf ysmufomG ;jcif;ESifh ywfoufI ,if;udprP mS aoG; ±k;d om; ±k;d r[kwEf idk [ f k oHo,jzpfr=d uaoma=umifyh ifjzpfonf// Adv k cf sKyfu, dk w f idk u f m; olurdk nforl rS }uHwef&m[k oluckd spaf omvlx=k uD;udk oluvnf; wxpf cs,=kH unftm;ud;k cJah vonf// odk ah omftcsi;f rjzpfymG ;rDw&uf (aom=umae )h wGif olpw d x f JY b,f vdjk zpfonfrod// u|eyf t f m; “ a[higwdk t h rd v f nf;vdv k rkd ,fr,f vufeufuav;bmuav; ,lxm; tk;H rSbJ// pwif;*ef;wvufjzpfjzpf tdr, f x l m;vdu k pf rf;ygumG ” [kajymojzifh u|eyf v f nf;(,ck,/l trf/yD/jzpfvmaom)aomif;use;f r_ErSd ef if;a&;wyfrpS wif;*ef;wvuf acwW,x l m;vdu k &f avonf// odk h ESiyfh if Zlvidk v f 19 &ufeeH ufwiG f twGi;f 0ef±;kH tay:xyfodk w h uf+yD; tpnf;ta0;cef;r=uD;twGi;f odk h 0ifonftxd u|eyf yf ifv#iAf v dk cf sKyf.a±S rh aS v#mufvmcJah vonf// xdak e t h pnf;a0;qdik &f m rSww f rf; zdik w f GJrsm;udk ae&mcsxm;jyD;aemuf obmywduv k m;xdik =f uD;udak emufodk q h GJI ol0ifomatmif u|Eyfk u f vkyaf y;jyD;rS Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf olaemufq;Hk t=udro f bmywdtjzpf aqmif&u G &f rnf jzpfaom tr_aqmif0ef=uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;udk pwif&efjyifqif±mS avownf;// 10 em&D 15 rdepftcsed w f iG f csi;f a&;&mtwdik yf ifc0H ef}uD; OD;0rf;udak [m(,ckEidk if jH cm;a&;0efxrf;) onfu|eyf . f tcef;odk Ah v dk cf sKyfxpH mwapmifay;&efvma&muf&if; u|eyf Ef iS hf tv†myov†mypum; rsm;ajymaeaoonf// ol±pSd Ofyifu|eyf o f nf ok;H =udrw f ikd w f ikd f tpnf;ta0;cef;rodk 0h ifI Adv k cf sKyfvkd tyfaom pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm; 0ifay;cJah o;.// csi;f 0ef}uD; OD;0rfuadk [m 5 rdepft=umwGif jyefwu G o f mG ;avonf// ol±aSd ewke;f rSmyif tvkyf orm;or*~rS ocifAwif=uD;onf u|eyf x f o H dk v h mI eHeufyikd ;f u Adv k cf sKyfEiS afh wG &h ef apmifah omf

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vnf; rawG &h ojzifh wjzpfawmufawmufnnf;ae&mrS awmfawmf=umtpnf;ta0;+yD;rSbJ awG h rnfqu dk m ol. OD;xkyEf iS fh rd;k umtusrô sm;udk u|eyf . f tcef;wGi;f Y csxm;um acwWtjyifbufodk h wGuo f mG ;avonf// xl;qef;yku H m; cgwidk ;f qdv k #if {nfo h nfawG/owif;axmufawG/ &JabmfawG/tjcm; rdwaf qGawG 'ifjynfu h syjf ynfah eavh±aSdf om u|eyf . f &k;H rSmxdak e u h tvGeyf ifv±l iS ;f vsuf u|eyf t f jyif +Adwo d #Av dk cf sKyf *sief &,faomrwf. ud, k &f aH wmf Adv k o f ef;0if;wOD;om&S+d yD; wcef;vk;H wdwq f w d f ajcmufuyfI aeavonf// xdpk Ofuu|eyf rf mS tpmra=ua&m*gjzpfvsu&f &dS m q&m0ef.!$e=f um;csut f & tjyif tpm;t pmrpm;bJ (Diet) oabmtdro f dk yh if eHeuf 10 em&Dco JG momavmufwiG f ae ph Of jyefxrif;pm;avh &So d nf// xdak e h (Zlvidk v f 19 &ufae )h ur_v&l iS ;f vsu&f adS om u|eyf . f ±k;H cef;ud=k unf, h if; pdwx f JrS tjyifroGm;csio f vdv k dk xl;qef;pGmjzpfay:vmaoma=umifh 'Dae ah wmhtrd jf yefxrif;rpm;awmhygb;l [k qk;H jzwfvu dk u f m ±k;H cef;apmif&h JabmfvaS rmiftm;u|eyf Ef iS hf Adv k o f ef;0if;twGuEf pS af ,mufpmxrif;udk w&kyq f idk rf t S 0,fcidk ;f vdu k +f yD;aemuf u|eyf . f vufywfem&Dukd =unfv h u dk af omtcg tcsed rf mS 10em&D 35 rdepfww d &d aSd eav+yD// xdck %Y Adv k cf sKyf.tcef;qDrS “ 'dik ;f 'dik ;f 'dik ;f ” [laomayguu f Jo G rH sm;us,af vmifpmG ±kww f &uf wGuaf y:vmonfEiS fh w+ydKifwnf; u|eyf f ESiAfh v dk o f ef;0if;wdk o h nf 0rf;vsm;xd;k arSmufum tuG,t f um,laerd=uavonf// apmapmujrnf[ed ;f wGuaf y:vmaomayguu f Jo G rH mS puUef yh idk ;f avmufom &Sad o;pOf 'uf'uf'uf [laom (atmfwrdk ufwpf)pufaoewfypfow H kd t h qufrjywf=um;vdu k &f +yD; aemuf u|eyf w f dk w h iG f “[m 0ef=uD;awGuydk pfuek +f yD ” [laomtodOm%fjzpfay:vmvsuf csujf cif;yifu|Eykf u f Adv k f csKyfwdk . h tpnf;a0;cef;r=uD;qDodk ‚ h / Adv k o f ef;0if;uu|eyf t f cef;tjyifbufqo D dk ‚ h toD;oD;ajy; =uavawmhonf// Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESi±fh ;kH cef;qufvsu&f aSd om ab;wHcg;&Guu f kd u|eyf w f eG ;f I=unfv h u kd af omtcg jrif&aom &_cif;tcsi;f t&mrSm u|eyf t f bdk h woufwmwGiaf rhaysmufEidk b f , G rf &Sad tmif pdwEf v S ;kH aemufusb d , G &f m jzpfaeawmhonf// tcef;wcef;vk;H wdwq f w d +f idro f ufaevsuf ,rf;aiG , h rf;eH ah wG vnf;a!‡m‡ af pmfeaH eav&m apmapmuyifpw d t f m;xufoefpmG Armjynf.aemifa&;udprP sm; aqG;aEG; wdik yf ifaecJ=h uaom 0ef}uD;rsm;onf twk;H t&k;H vJae=uonfukd pdwrf csr;f ajr b h , G &f mjrif&avonf// acgi;f aqmif}uD; Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;rSmvnf; olxikd af ompm;yGJxyd rf S ukvm;xdik }f uD;ESit fh wlyufvuf vefvJusae±Smavownf;? t&G,f 45 ESifh 35 trsK;d tpm; aoeyfusnq f cH rHG sm;onfvnf; =urf;jyifYjyef }h uJ vsu±f aSd v onf// vlowform;rsm;ESifh rsuEf mS csi;f qdik x f idk +f yD; pwifypfypfcsi;f rxdojzifh 0rf;vsm;xd;k 0yfvu dk f aoma=umifh aoab;rSoo D u D av;vGwo f mG ;ol 0ef}uD; OD;b*sr;f /aysmb f , G f OD;jr/ OD;atmifZaH 0ESit fh wGi;f 0ef OD;a±$abmfwdk u h m; uref;uwrf; tcef;csi;f uyfaeaom OD;a±$abmf. &k;H cef;twGi;f odk u h ;l ajy;=uav+yD// xkt d csed Yf yif u|Eykf w f dk t h cef;wGi;f rStjyifbufokd ah jy;wGuo f mG ;aom Adv k o f ef;0if;rSm avSum;rSqif;ajy;rnfq h JqJ vlowform;rsm;ESi&hf ifqikd w f ;kd vsu&f adS vonf// Adv k o f ef;0if;udjk rifjrifcsi;f vlowform;rsm;onf// “ a[hrqdik o f rl uyfeJ u h G ” [k nmoHay; +cdr;f ajcmufum awmfr*D ef;pwif;*ef;wdk jh zifh csed ;f xm;av&m Adv k o f ef;0if;rSm ,if;wdk 0h wfqifxm; aom tpdr;f a&mifppf,el aD zmif; tjynft h pku H =dk unf&h if; &kyw f &ufaomf w&m;cHrsm;udk vdu k zf rf; aom ppfyv k yd rf sm;[kxifrw S u f m acwWiidk af epOf vlowform;wdk v h nf; a±S o h dk w h ;dk oGm;+yD; avSum; xdyt f cef;rS ajy;wGu=f unfo h l q&m=uD;OD;&mZwf (ynma&;0ef=uD;).oufawmfapmifu h akd xG;tm; pwef;*ef;jzifh wcsurf #qGJvu dk jf cif;jzifh olwdk . h xGuaf jy;&mvrf;&Sd twm;tqD;[lor#udk t+yD;wdik f

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±Si;f vif;vdu k =f uavonf// xdt k cgryS ifAv dk o f ef;0if;onf vlowform;rsm; jzpfa=umif;udo k &d av awmhonf// wrdepftwGi;f atmufxyfavScg;&if;wGif tqifoifph ufE;dk +yD; qdu k x f m;aom *spu f m; ay:odk ah jy;wufum vlowform;wdk o h nf vufvw G x f u G af jy;=uavawmhonf// ,cku|Eykf f pmjzifah &;jyae&onfrmS tcsed =f umonfxif&aomvnf; pifppf ‚Zlvikd v f 19 &ufae u h jzpfysuyf t kH vk;H pkt H m; v#yw f jyufuo Jh kd v h sijf refvaS yonf// ±k;H tay:xyf tpnf;ta0;cef;r}uD;wGif awmifwef;a'oqdik &f m twdik yf ifc0H ef}uD; rdik ;f yGef apmfbmG ;}uD;onf rsuEf mS wGif aoG;vdr;f usaH om '%f&mwdk jh zifh u|eyf w f kd ±h &Sd modk x h av#mufvmao; &m u|Eykf u f yif ZGwt f wif;txdik cf idk ;f &ao;onf// u|Eykf t f zdk t h a&;t=uD;qk;H acgi;f aqmifjzpfaom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef; vJae&modk h ajy;=unfv h u dk af omtcg vuf0Jbuf&iftw kH iG f aoG;rsm;pdk v h suf aoewf'%f&m 2csuf 3csuf owdxm;rdojzifh (ppfppf Adv k cf sKyfwa,mufxJ aoewf'%f&m 13 csuw f w d d xdreS af =umif;aq;&ku H sro S &d onf// ) uref;uwef; ud, k u f pdk rf;=unfv h u dk &f m aoG;wd;k jcif; vk;H 0r&Sb d J toufvnf;r±ªawmha=umif;awG &h avonf// u|eyf o f nfxt dk csed Yf tHt h m;oifw h ek v f y_ jf cif;/0rf;enf;a=uuGJjcif;paom pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;r_awGudk acwW}udK;pm;azsmufxm;um ta&;t=uD;qk;H vkypf &mawGukd vkyrf jS zpfrnf[ak wG;vsuf csucf si;f w,fvzD ;kH aumufuidk +f yD; rD;owf/ olemjy /k aq; ±k=H uD;/ ykvyd &f ;kH / bk&ifct H rd af wmfEiS hf Armjynf ppfXm ecsKyfrsm;odk h wck+yD;wck zk;H qufta=umif;=um;vdu k af vonf// pmbwforl sm; rSwrf =d urnfvm; rajymwwfyg// xdt k csed f (1947 ck Zlvidk v f ) u &efuek +f rd k w h iG f bD/td/k 'DrS b&if;*ef;awGaysmufjcif;udp/P pma&;or*~ ESihf tpd;k &tr_xrf;rsm;udp/P atmifqef;tufwvD pmcsKyfudk ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D tjyif;txef a0zefjcif;udpw P kd Eh iS fh qufpyfI ArmEdik if aH &;tajc taerSm tenf;i,fwif;rmvsu&f &Sd m tcsi;f jzpfymG ;csed u f ppfaoewfawG tqufrjywf =um;vdu k &f aoma=umifh twGi;f 0ef±;kH udk 0ifp;D uke+f yD[x k if=uIbJvm;rod// w±k;H vk;H rSio f ufr+d yD; idik af e=u onfrmS rdepf 20 cef =h umonf [kxifro d nf// aemufrv S rl sm; [drk o S nfrS ajy;vm=uawmhonf// wkev f y_ af csmufcsm;jcif; pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;r_ a=umifh ajcrudik rf v d ufrudik rf d rjzpfap&ef txlowdjy x k m;qifjcif+yD;aemuf u|Eykf af ±S Oh ;D pGmowd& aomt&mum; Adv k cf sKyfusq;Hk jcif;udk csucf si;f vlrodap&efyifjzpfygonf// xdak =umifyh if yxqk;H a&mufvmaom olemjy ak rmfawmfum;rS vlwa,mufu jzpfymG ;yku H =dk unf+h yD; “ tr,fav;As /'kuyQ gbJ ukeyf gyu D ek yf gyD ” ponfjzif*h a,mifacsmufcsm; [pfatmfjrnfwrf;ae onfuydk if u|Eykf u f ZGwt f wif; aiguif ef;trdeafh y;vsuf Adv k cf sKyftm; tqifoif±h aSd om Adv k o f ef;0if; . rd;k umtusjô zifh vkaH tmifaxG;vsuf aq;&k=H uD;odk t h jrefydk v h u dk &f avonf// xdt k csed u f u|Eykf af wG;rdonfum; tu,fIom u|Eykf u f , dk w f idk u f “ Adv k cf sKyfaoewfreS v f kd u h sq;Hk +yD/ wjcm;0ef}uD;awGvJxu d ek +f yD ” [kwek v f y_ af csmufcsm;pGmatmf[pfaerdygu tqdyk gowif;. r aumif;aom*,ufrmS wr[kwjf cif;jyif;xefpmG &ku d cf wf+yD; w+rd k v h ;kH tkyrf Edik x f ed ;f r&atmif jzpfomG ; p&m ta=umif; ±So d nf[, k q l rdcaJh yonf// xdk ah =umifyh if “Adv k cf sKyfupd rP ±Sb d ;l //nmzufyck;H rSm aoewfreS w f mbJ //ckaq; ±krH mS csucf si;f ukbkd h ,lomG ;+yD ” [kAv dk cf sKyfta=umif; pdwt f m;xufoefpmG vma&mufar;jref;=uolreS o f r# tenf;i,f ESpo f rd b fh , G =f um;&aom owif;rSm u|Eykf x f iG I f ajymjcif;r#omjzpfayonf// Tenf;tm;jzifh u|Eykf u f pwifz;kH zd vsKd 0h u S cf jJh cif;a=uifh Adv k cf sKyfusq;Hk onfukd csucf si;f vlrodbJ naexkwo f wif;pmrsm;wGurf yS if aq;&kYH qk;H onf[k vltrsm;uod=ujcif;jzpfavonf// pifppfum; rdik ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ;=uD;ESifh 0ef=uD; OD;bcsKd ('D;'kw)f wdk rh w S yg; useaf oewfreS o f l tm;vk;H rSm jzpfymG ;&m ae&mrSmyif yGJcsi;f +yD; udpw P ;kH cJ=h uav+yD//

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txufwiG af z:jycJo h nft h wdik ;f Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf ol u h ckd spaf omjynfov l x l }k uD;udk t vGe, f =kH unftm;uk;d vsuf ol u h adk wmhrnforl #rusew f ef&m[k wxpfcswu G cf aJh vonf// twGi;f 0ef&;kH ol.tcef;Y tapmift h a&Smufxm;v#iv f nf; Adv k cf sKyfur=ud u k /f /u|eyf w f kd t h m; rmefrJ=udr;f armif;I jyefvw $ af pwwf.// olrqk;H rD 2 &ufcef u h yif umuG,af &;0ef]uD;Xmeodk u h pd w P ckjzifph pfwyfru S m;]uD; ESppf ;D vm+yD; wdik ;f jynfjy v k w $ af wmf&;Hk teD;Y qdu k x f m;onfujkd rifI Adv k cf sKyfu “ a[h[u dk m;awGu ykvyd u f m;awGvm;uG// OD;jrudak r;+yD; rvd&k ifvJ rapmifyh gapeJ u h mG ”[k u|eyf t f m;trdeafh y;cJah v onf// (OD;jrrSm uG,v f eG o f l jynfol v h w $ af wmf OuUX=uD; aysmb f , G f OD;jrjzpfI xdt k csed u f acwWjynf xJa&;0ef=uD;tjzpfaqmif&u G v f su&f adS vonf//) odk ah omf Adv k cf sKyfu xdu k o Jh t dk apmift h a&Smufxm;jcif;udk r}ud u k [ f q k u dk mr#EiS fh ArmEdik if t H pd;k &. A[dck surf twGi;f 0ef&;kH =uD;twGi;f odk h vufeufuikd v f o l wform;rsm; ajymif0if+yD; wdu k cf u kd yf pfowf oGm;Ekid af vmufatmif tapmift h a&Smuf (Plain Clothes Men )omref t&yf0wf t&yfpm; ESihf vsKd 0h u S pf akH xmufponfwdk h wa,mufwavr#r&Sb d J Avmusi;f aecJjh cif;rSm oifah wmfrawmf ,ck jyefvnfpOf;pm;p&mvnf; jzpfaeavonf// rnfodk yh ifjzpfap Armhvw G v f yfa&;ordik ;f wav#mufwiG -f -tajymifajrmufq;kH aom wu,fv h x l k acgi;f aqmif Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ jynfaxmifpw k ikd ;f &if;om;tm;vH;k . pnf;vk;H nDnw G rf t _ rSwt f om; (Symbol of Unity) vuQ%mw&yf[q k adk vmufaom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ aomif;aomif;zszs olu0dk idk ;f cspcf if=uaom jynfov l x l =k uD;tm; csiG ;f csurf &Sd ,k=H unfpw d cf sum ol t h wGuu f m;r[kwf / tdr&f o Sd . l om;orD; csp&f ifaoG;uav;rsm;twGuo f m tenf;i,f pd;k &dr+f yD; “vufeufuav;bm uav; tdr, f x l m;ygt;kH uG ” [kajymcJah om Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ “ uGm vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;&if igwdk h vJ Edik if aH &;utem;,l+yD; pmuav; ayuav; at;at; xdik af &;tk;H rSbJumG [k 1947 ckEpS f {+yDvu ar+rd k w h iG f u|eyf t f m; ajymjybl;aom Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;/ ,cktcgtm;vk;H 0dik ;f 0ef;+yD; +rde+f rde}f uD;cHpm;ae=u&aom vGwv f yfa&;taqmufttku H kd wnfaqmuf&mY olrwlatmif ±Gwcf GsH ajymifajrmufpmG }ud ;k yrf;pGr;f aqmifcaJh om Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf cyfvrS ;f vSr;f wGijf rifae&+yD;jzpf aom Armhvw G v f yfa&; rD;&SL;yef;wdik }f uD;udk a&mufcge;D rSmyif vrf;cGwv f wfY a&wdref pfusq;kH cJ&h jcif; rSm twdik rf od 0rf;enf;a=uuGJb, G &f maumifvaS yonf //” Todk v h #if 1936 ckEpS f ouUov dk af usmif;om;oydwrf pS wifarG;bGm;vdu k af om “atmifqef;” trnf&Sd Armhacgi;f aqmif}uD;wa,muf. Ekid if aH &;ZmwfcakH y:wGif b0jycef;onf wdak wmif;vSaomt csed u f mvtwGi;f Zmwfvrf;yifrqk;H ao;rD jynfz;Hk um;csvu kd &f onftjzpfodk h a&mufomG ;avawmh onf// ,ckqv dk #if tcsed u f mvtm;jzifh 8 ESpcf ef ±h o Sd mG ;ay+yD// odk ah omfu|Eykf t f bdk u h m; 8 &ufr#yif r=umao;[kxif&vsuf OD;aESmufxJY xifxif&mS ;&Sm;=uD;jrifae&ao;aom jzpfysuyf t kH &ky(f Image) rSm ,ae w h idk af tmifyifv#ipf w d Ef v S ;kH xJwiG f jyif;pGmaomemusijf cif;a0'emESit fh wl wnf&I Sd aeygo wnf;//

,ckEpS q f v dk #if Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;ESifh tmZmenf acgi;f aqmif}uD; rsm; usq;kH oGm;onfrmS 59 ESpf wdik w f idk &f cSd yJh g+yD/ /vuf&Sd etzppftpd;k &rS Adv k cf sKyfEiS t hf mZmenfacgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;udk arS;rSed af ysmuf dk nf; jrifawG &h yg onf// Adv k cf sKyfEiS w hf uGtmZmenf uG,o f mG ;&ef&nf&, G I f vkyaf qmifaeonfuv acgi;f aqmif}uD;rsm;usq;kH oGm;&yku H o dk +d yD;om;olrsm;vnf; jyefvnftrSw&f ap&ef/ rodao;aomol rsm;vnf;odapjcif;tvdk Xh m xdt k csed u f Adv k cf sKyf. f ud, k &f aH wmfjzpfco Jh l Adv k x f eG ;f vS (pma&;q&m(pma&;q&m±ky±f iS o f ±kyaf qmif wuUov kd af e0if;) .a&;om;az:jycsurf sm;udjk yefvnfqef;opfvu kd &f ygonf//

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2006 Zlvikd f 19

w&m;±k;H tr_wt GJ rSwf tr_pcGJ suf w&m;vkd w&m;cH pD&ifcsuf csrw S o f nfah e h

txl;w&m;±k;H / tif;pdef 1§ 1947 Edik if aH wmft}uD;tuJrsm;tm; vky}f uHowfjzwfr_ (1947 ckZv l idk f 19) bk&ifrif;jrwf (1) OD;apm/ (2) armifpkp;dk / (3) oufEiS ;f / (4) armifped (f c)pde}f uD;(c) vSatmif/ (5) &ef}uD;atmif(c)vSxeG ;f / (6) okc/ (7) cifarmif&if/ (8)armife(D c)bke(D c)*eD/ (9) r_}H uD;(c)armifr_H 1947 ck 'DZifbmv 30 &uf

usL;vGeo f nfh tr_tcif;ESifh ±_uiG ;f jrefrmEd H 0ef=uD;csKyfa[mif; mEidk if . OD;apm/ olEiS t fh wlae wynfh 9 a,mufjzpfaom armifp;kd / ouf ESi;f / armifped /f &ef=uD;atmif/ okc/ cifarmif&if/ armife/D armifrE_H iS fh b!Gef w h kd o h nf 1947 ckEpS f Zlvikd f 19 &ufae Yh &efuek t f wGi;f 0efrsm; ±k;H twGi;f Edik if aH wmfacgi;f aqmif aqmi=f uD; w&m;cGiYf a±S ah eESifh wkid yf ifaeaom *VKefO;D apm rsm; tm; vky=f uHowfjzwfrr_ mS yl; aygi;f usL;vGe=f ujcif;jzpfyg onf? armifp;kd / oufEiS ;f / armifped Ef iS fh &ef=uD;atmifwkd rh mS t"duw &m;cHrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ OD;apm/ okc/ cifarmif&if/ armifeD ESifh armifrw _H kd rh mS }uH&m ygrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; usL; vGecf =Jh uygonf? b!Gef rh mS rl pD&ifcsuef mcHaeaom *VKef OD;apm.wynfrh sm; tr_wiG f ajzmifch suaf y;azmfaumif jyKtpd;k &oufaotjzpfxm;±dyS gonf? tcif;jzpfyGg;onfh Zlvikd f 19 &ufae h eHeuf 10 em&Dcef w h iG f

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twGi;f 0efrsm;±k;H taemufbuft aqmif aqmiYf OD;atmifqef;onf bk&ifct H r_aqmifaumifpD t pnf;ta0;ukd OD;aqmifusi;f y aeygonf? OD;atmifqef;ESiw fh uG tr_aqmifaumifp0D ifrsm; jzpf=uaom ocifjr/ OD;b0if;/ 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsK/d rpPwm &mZwf/ ref;bckid /f aysmb f , G Of ;D jr/ OD; atmifZaH 0/ OD;b*sr;f / apmf bGm;=uD; p0fpxG HxeG ;f wkd h tpnf;t a0;wufa&muf ae=uygonf? tr_aqmifaumifp. D twGi;f 0ef *syefEidk if aH &mpOf fh ynfrh sm;ukd pD&ifcsut f rdehf OD;a±$abmfEiS fh ykd ah qmifqufo, G f OD;apmESiw *syef0wfpEkH iS fh csaom w&m;ol}uD; OD;ausmjf rif/h a&;0ef=uD;Xme. vufaxmuft awG &h aomOD;apm wGi;f 0ef OD;tke;f armif wkd v OD;atmifausmo f mESihf OD;pnfbk h nf;t cef;xJwiG ±f adS e=uygonf? tr_aqmifaumifp0D ifrsm;.tpnf;ta0;jyKvkyaf eqJwiG f 10 em&D cGcJ ef Yh yck;H rSm trSwf 12 wyfrawmfwq H yd rf sm;wyfxm;onfh awmpdr;f a&mif0wfprkH sm;0wfxm;onfh vl 4 a,mufonf atmfwrkd ufwpfaoewfrsm;ukid af qmifvsuf tpnf;ta0;cef ta0;cef;twGi;f okd h ±kwf w&uf0ifcsvmygonf? rnfonfo h wday;r_ wpkw H &mr#rjyKvkyyf J aoewf rsm;jzifh w&pyfypf cwf+yD; csucf si;f xGucf GgomG ;=uygonf? vrf;wGiaf wG =h uKHomG ;aom rpPwm&mZwf.uk, d &f H awmfuakd xG;tm;vnf; ypfcwfomG ;=uygonf? Typfcwfra_ =umifh OD;atmifqef;/ ocif ocif jr/ OD;b0if;/ rpPwm&mZwf/ ref;bckid Ef iS fh OD; tke;f armifwkd rh mS yGcJ si;f +yD; uG,v f eG f oGm; =uygonf? OD;bcsK/d p0fpx H eG ;f ESifh ukad xG;wkd h rSm jyif;xefaom'%f&mrsm; &=u+yD; aq;±kH ta&mufwiG f uG,v f eG f oGm;=uygonf? OD;b*sr;f rSm nmbufvufo=l uG,w f iG f '%f&m&oG m&oGm;cJyh gonf? OD ; atmif ZaH 0/aysmb f , G Of ;D jrESiOfh ;D a±$abmf tmZmenf}uD;rsm;tm; vky}f uHowfjzwf&mwGif wkd rh mS '%f&mr&yJ toufab;rS vGwf tok;H jyK aom vufeufrsm; uif;oGm;cJ=h uygonf? azmfaumifb!Gef rh t S y OD;apmESifhusew f &m;cH 8 a,mufrmS 1947 'DZifbm 30 &ufae Yh raor csi;f =usdK;ay;towfc&H ef pD&ifcsucf srw S cf =H u&ygonf ?

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tydkif; (1) 'DEpS [ f m (wuo)zGJ@pnf;cJw h m (75)ESpjf ynfh pde&f wkajrmufwEhJ pS jf zpfygw,f? (1931)ckEpS rf mS p+yD;awmhzGJ@cw Jh Jh &efuek w f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;or*~tzGJ@(wuo)}uD;zGJ@ cJw h m tckqv dk kd@&&Sd if pde&f wk umvwdik o f mG ;+yD? (wuo)qdw k mvnf; yxrOD;qk;H ausmif;om;or*~ tzGJ@qadk wmh ausmif;om;or*~awG&ŒJ pde&f wkv@dk ajymvk@d &&dS ifvnf; rSm;r,frxifb;l ? (1936)ckEpS rf mS zGJ@cw Jh Jh (Auo)qdv k nf; tESpf (60)jynf+h yD? jrefrmhEidk if aH &;ordik ;f qdw k muvnf; ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ ordik ;f eJ@cv JG @dk rS r&bJ? Acwft f qufqufrmS ausmif;om;awG[m cGyaf 'gi;f qdw k hJ atmifvaH tmufrmS pkpnf;v_y&f mS ;cJ=h u/ cGyaf 'gi;f pdwf "gwef J@ wdu k yf 0GJ if cJ=h uw,fvkd@ qdw k ,fr[kwv f m;? udrk if;udEk idk f “ausmif;om;pdw"f gwf cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gwq f w kd mu trdajrvGwaf jrmuf a&;twGuf trSew f &m;bufu &J&J &if&h ifh wdu k yf 0GJ ifwJh pdw"f gwq f w kd m usaemfw@dk em;vnfxm;yg w,f?” udrk if;aZ,s “cGyaf 'gi;f qdw k m usaemfw@dk Eikd if &H ŒJ jrefrmh,Ofaus;r_ tpOftvmordik ;f rSm tifrwef}uD;rm;cJw h Jh txdr;f trSwf wckyg? tJ'rD mS cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gwef J@ ua'gi;f pdw"f gwaf ygah emf? cGyaf 'gi;f qdw k m wufºuGwo Jh abm/ owd&w Sd o Jh abmudak qmifw,fAsm? ua'gi;f qdw k muawmh El;nHh wJo h abm/ aysmah ysmif;wJo h abmudak qmifw,fAsm? tJ'aD wmh vGwv f yfrt _ wGuf trSew f &m;twGuf azmfxw k w f aJh e&mrSm umuG,w f aJh e&mrSm cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gw&f &dS r,fAsm? tJ jynfoal wGeJ@ qufqw H aJh e &mrSmawmh ua'gi;f pdw"f gw&f Sd r,fAsm? ausmif;om;awG&ŒJ tajccHtusq;Hk pdwu f awmhAsm &d;k om;jzL pifry_ g?” 'guawmh ausmif;om;awG vufqifu h rf;o,faqmifvmwJh cGyaf 'gi;f pdw"f gwq f w dk mudk (88)ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifawG jzpf =uwJh udrk if;udEk ikd ef @J udrk if;aZ,swkd@u ajymjyoGm;=uwmyg? olwkd@ ajymovdk zdEySd rf u _ dk wdu k yf 0GJ ifc=hJ uw,fqw kd m wGu=f unf&h if jrefrmEdik if H t*Fvyd u f dk vdek b D 0a&mufaewJh (1900) jynfv h eG f ESpaf wGu pcJw h myg? (1920)yxrausmif;om;oydw}f uD;u txift&Sm;ayg?h zdEydS w f hJ udv k ekd u D |eyf nma&;udk ausmif;awGup+yD; awmfveS v f u dk f =uwmyg? ordik ;f rSm vloyd rf odvu dk w f Jh ausmif;om;awmfveS rf w _ ckuvnf; 'Dxuf apmapmuwnf; u &Scd w Jh myg? b,f[mudk ajymwmvJ? (1903)ckEpS w f ek ;f uyg? t*Fvyd q f &mawGukd ausmif;om;awGu &Spcf ;kd +yD; E_wq f uf&r,fvkd@ ynm0efrpPwmpaumhu trdef@xw k w f mudk ausmif;om;awGu uef@uu G zf suo f rd ;f cJah o;wmayg?h ordik ;f rSmody+f yD; xifxif&mS ;&Sm; rjzpfvu kd w f hJ tjzpftysuaf v;wckayg?h 'geJ@ (1920) yxrausmif;om;oydwaf &mufvmawmh udv k edk q D ef@usiaf &; trsK;d om;pdw"f gwaf wG E_;d =um;vmvdu k f wm/ wqif+h yD; wqifeh J@ ausmif;om;awGuyJ a&SŒaqmifwhJ oydwaf wG tkºH uGra_ wGvnf; quf+yD;jzpfchJ w,f? aemufq;kH vGwv f yfa&;&,lwt Jh xd ausmif;om;tiftm;pk&ŒJ u¾u a&S@wef;uyJ? (1931)ckEpS rf mS (wuo)vdk@ac:wJh &efuek w f uUov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*~}uD; pwifzGJ@pnf;Edik cf w Jh Jh aemufyidk ;f rSmawmh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG[m pnf;pepf ydu k svm+yD;/ tm;vnf;ydak umif;vmw,f?

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tJ'D udv k edk aD cwf trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&; v_y&f mS ;r_rmS ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_u b,f avmuf ta&;ygcw Jh ,f qdw k mudak wmh tJ'aD cwfu ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awGrmS odvnf; odc/Jh jzwf vnf; jzwfoef;cJw h Jh pma&;q&m}uD; '*kew f m&mu tckvdk ajymjycJyh gw,f? q&m'*kew f m&m - “(1920)ausmif;om;uvnf; 'D t=urf;rzufwehJ nf;ayg/h +idr;f csr;f wJh enf;eJ@ v_y&f mS ;wJh v_y&f mS ;r_y?J tJ'rD mS tusK;d oufa&mufru _ awmh trsK;d om;ausmif;awGay:vmwmJ? wcg (1935/ 36)u usaemfr+SD yD? usaemfwkd@ (10)wef;aygh tJ'aD cwfu? tJ'u D awmh usaemfwkd@ausmif; om;&JŒ tiftm;pkayg?h pwif+yD;awmh pnf;&k;H wmyJ? (1935/ 36)rSm ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm; or*~ay:vmwm 'g ol@&ŒJ tusK;d yJ? (1938/ 39) 1300jynhf ta&;awmfyv Hk kd@ac:wJh taxGaxGoydwf tJ'guawmh wuUov dk o f r*~ acgi;f aqmifwJh ausmif;om; v_y&f mS ;r_e@J t}uHK;0ifvm+yD? tJ'rD mS uawmh ausmif;om;awG ruawmhb;l ? tvkyo f rm;/ v,form; vlwef;pm;awG&ŒJ vlxv k y_ &f mS ;r_eJ@ qufomG ;+yD? tm; tifrwef}uD;rm;wJh vlxv k y_ &f mS ;r_}uD;jzpfvm+yD? tJ'rD mS wke;f u a'guw f mbarmf tpd;k &aygh oljyKwfusomG ;wmyJ? tJ'guvnf; +idr;f csr;f wJeh nf;eJ@ t=urf;rzufweJh nf; eJ@ 'Dru dk a&pD vlxv k y_ &f mS ;r_vkd@ac:&r,fh v_y&f mS ;r_ygy?J tJ't D iftm;eJ@ usaemfwkd@ ausmif;om;awGeJ@ 'D Edik if aH &;tiftm;pkawGeJ@ aygi;f rd+yD;awmh zufqpfawmfv f eS af &;txd yg0ifEidk w f Jh tajctae xda&muf vmw,f?” ArmhEidk if aH &;rSm ta&;}uD;wJh tzGJ@tpnf;awGjzpfwhJ (YMBA)/ wkd@Armtpnf;t&k;H / Armh wyfrawmf/ uGejf rLepfygw/D qd&k , S v f pf ygwaD wGuv kd nf; ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifawGuyJ OD;aqmif wnfaxmifc=Jh uwmqdak wmh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG[m ArmhEidk if aH &; ordik ;f rSm ta&;}uD;w,fv@dk qd&k rSmyg? Armjynf vGwv f yfa&;&+yD;oGm;wJt h cgrmS awmh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG&ŒJ yko H ¾mefu vnf; wrsK;d wzkH ajymif;oGm;w,f? vGwv f yf+yD;wJt h cgrmS usawmh ud, k v fh rl sK;d / ud, k t hf pd;k &eJ@ jzpfvm+yDr[kwv f m;? 'Dawmh ausmif;om;awG&ŒJ vdv k m;csuaf wGudk wifjyaqG;aEG;+yD; tpd;k &eJ@nE‡d id_ ;f aqmif&u G v f m=uwmawGvnf; awG@&w,f? vk;H 0 +idr;f csr;f a&;&+yD; zdEySd rf u _ if;&Si;f whhJ umvvk@d awmh rqdk Edik b f ;l aygAh sm? 'gayr,hf 'Dru dk a&pD taiG@touf&w Sd Jh umvvdk@awmh qd&k r,fxifw,f? tJ'aD cwfwek ;f u v_y&f mS ;cJ=h uykaH wGuakd wmh tJ'w D ek ;f u (wuo)tr_aqmifa[mif;wpfa,mufjzpfwhJ &cdik t f rsK;d om; OD;vSazajymjyxm;ygw,f? OD;vSaz - “tJ'w D ek ;f u ausmif;om;or*~awGtxJrmS v_y&f mS ;r_ tzGJ@tpnf;av;awG&dS w,f? tJ'gu Edik if aH &;bufrmS ygwaD wG zGJ@ovkyd aJ yg?h tJawmh tJ'w D ek ;f uausmif;om;xJrmS trsm;qk;H v_y&f mS ;wJah usmif;om;tzGJ@uawmh oef@&iS ;f aomausmif;om;rsm; tiftm; pkvkd@ac:ygw,f? oef@&iS ;f aemufq;kH rSm zqyv jzpfvmwJo h ef@&iS ;f eJ@bmrSrqkid yf gb;l ? tJ't D iftm;pkuqufvyk cf w Jh ,f/ tJawmh tJ't D if tm;pku olwkd@vcdk siw f Jh acgi;f pOfuw dk ifw,f? olw@dk ukd +ydKifzkd@ay:vmwJh ausmif;om;tiftm; pkuawmh vuf0q J efwaJh usmif;om; awmf awmfrsm;rsm;ygwhJ wk;d wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk jzpf ygw,f? olwdk@+ydKif=uw,f/ 'gayr,fh yxrawmh tJ'D oef@&iS ;f uyJ ausmif;om; xJrmS acgi;f aqmifr_ t"du&aecJw h ,f? tJ'v D ekd J@ wjznf;jznf;eJ@ oef@&iS ;f ausmif;om;u wcsK@d upd aP wGrmS tpd;k &eJ@&ifqikd zf kd@ jy\em&Sw d Jh tcgawGrmS olutcuftcJ&w Sd ,f oef@&iS ;f u wcsKd@rmS tpk;d &eJ@ywfoufv@dk wcsKd@[m av;awG uefu h u G rf ,fqw kd u Jh pd rP sK;d ay:vmwJt h cgrmS oef@&iS ;f ausmif;om;xJu oef@&iS ;f tpk;d &eJ@ enf; enf;av; 'D zqyveJ@tpk;d &eJ@ eD;pyfwv Jh al wGtcsKd@u tJ'[ D mrsK;d udk oGm;rvkycf sib f ;l ? v R yk cf siw f hJ t cgusawmh tJ'aD wmif;qkrd a_ wGeJ@ywfoufvkd@ enf;enf;av#mch sz@dk ]udK;pm;wJt h cgrmS ausmif;om;xJu awmh 'D wcsKd@tcGifh ta&;awGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ ausmif;om;awGe@J ywfoufvkd@ciG jfh yKcsuaf wGwcsKd@[mrSm 'grsK;d &rSjzpfr,fqw kd [ Jh mudk ordik ;f a=umif;eJ@ axmufjy +yD; awmif;qkw d t hJ cgrmS tJ'o D ef@&iS ;f ausmif;

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om;wcsKd@uenf;enf; enf;enf;av#mch scsiw f ,f? aemuf olu wnf+rJa&;eJ@tpk;d &eJ@ tqifajy a&;udk t"du OD;wnfwt Jh cgusawmh tJwma=umifh avsmo h mG ;w,f? DSO qdw k Jh ausmif;om;tzGJ@wzJG@vnf; &Sad o;w,f? tJ't D a=umif;udyk J OD;vSazu ajymjy oGm;ygw,f/ OD;vSaz - “(DSO) u (51/ 52) rSmpwifz@JG pnf;+yD;awmh (53) rSm DSO wtm;xlaxmif xm;wJu h mvjzpfygw,f? (DSO)u (Democratice Students Organization) vkd@ac:w,f? tJ'D wke;f u (Democratice Students Organization) zGJ@wt Jh cgrmS zG@J wv hJ al wG &JŒ &nf&, G cf suu f awmh wu,fu h dk 'Dru kd a&pDxeG ;f um;wJh Ekid if jH zpfzkd@twGuf ausmif;om;awGacgi;f aqmif=updk@vkd@ acgi;f aqmif w,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'aD usmif;om;awGudk aemufu, G u f udik af y;wJv h u l tJ'w D ek ;f u 'D zqyv tpd;k & xJrmS trmcHxu J yk*K~d vfwpfO;D jzpfwJh OD;ausm+f idr;f yg? OD;ausm+f idr;f u xlaxmifay;cJw h mjzpfygw,f/ 'ga=umifrh kd@vkd@ olu ygwpD o GJ yd +f yD;awmh oefomG ;wJt h wGuaf =umifh ol@tzGJ@xJ u ausmif; om;awG &mxl;}uD;}uD;&zkd@twGuf t+rJwrf;rufv;Hk ay;xm;wJt h cg tJ'aD usmif;om;awGeJ@ usew f Jh ausmif;om;xkeJ@ wk;d wuf ausmif;om;awGtygt0if wjcm;vlawGe@J qufqw H t Jh cgrmS olwkd@qufqH a&;u tm;enf;oGm;w,f?” OD;vSazajymykt H &uawmh tpd;k &tzG@J tpnf; acgi;f aqmifawGu, kd w f idk u f ausmif;om; or*~udk tok;H cszkd@ }udK;pm;cJw h m? 'gayr,fh ausmif;om;or*~taeeJ@uawmh ausmif;om;tkypf t k oD; oD;u or*~tvHawmfatmufrmS pkpnf;&yfwnfaeor# umvywf vk;H rSm vGwv f w G v f yfvyf t,l tquGv J =GJ uwmudk vufccH =Jh uwJo h abmyJ? tJ'v D kd &or#'rD u kd a&pDtcGit fh a&;awGukd qkyu f ikd +f yD;awmh us,jf yef@whJ vGwv f yfciG afh wGukd &&Szd kd@&ek ;f uefc=Jh uwmayg?h 'gayr,hf 1962 ckEpS v f nf;a&mufvma&mæ “usaemfwkd@tyd af umif;aewke;f yJ reuf (7)em&Davmufe@J ww l ,f?jyif;xefwaJh yguu f o GJ }H uD; =um;&w,fayg?h usaemfwkd@ oGm; ajy;=unfw h ,fayg?h tJawmhwcgwnf; rD;ck;d arSmif+yD;awmh [db k ufrmS aygh tJ'rD mS oGm;uyf+yD;awmh=unfw h ,f usaemfw@dk (Union Plain) }uD;[m jym;oGm;w,f/ wcgwnf; ajr}uD;ay:rSm[kwv f m; tukev f ;kH jym;oGm;w,f? rEWav;aqmifrmS qd&k if 'DwcH g;abmifawG bmawG jywif;ayguaf bmifawG bmawG tJ'aD yguu f rGJ &_ ŒJ &ku d cf wfrt _ &Sefd ef @J usK;d uGaJ ewmawG awG@cyhJ gw,f?” tJwmuawmh (wuo) Edik if jH cm;a&;wm0efcH wOD;jzpfcw hJ hJ tck(KNU)u u&iftrsK;d om; apma';Apfwmuayg ajymjyoGm; wmyg? oluvnf; (1962) ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (7)&ufae@reufrmS or*~ taqmuftOD;}uD; 'du k ef rdu k ef Jh +zKdczGJ suq f ;D cHvu kd &f wJjh rifuiG ;f udk jyef ajymif; ajymjyoGm;wmyg? or*~taqmuftOD}uD;ud+k zdKzsu+f yD; or*~w&m;0ifz@JG pnf;cGiu hf v kd nf;zsuo f rd ;f cJah yr,fh ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awGuadk wmh &yfwef@atmifrwufEidk cf =hJ ubl;/ (63)ck jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;qENjyyG/J (65)ckEpS f ausmif;om;yJaG wmfjy\em/ (67)ckEpS f w&kwf - Armta&;/ (69)ckEpS f u|e;f qG,t f m;upm; yGt J a&;/ (70)ckEpS f &efuek w f uUov dk f a&$&wktxdr;f trSwaf wGrmS vnf; ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG quf wku d jf zpfymG ;chw J myg? tJ'v D y_ &f mS ;r_awGxufudk yk+d yD; us,jf yef@}uD;rm;wJh v_y&f mS ;r_awGuvnf; (1974/ 75/ 76) ESpaf wGrmS qufwu kd q f ufwu kd f jzpfcJh =uao;w,f? tJ'w D ek ;f u ta=umif;awGudk jyefajymjyEdik o f w l a,mufuawmh (1974)ckEpS f ukvor*~twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf OD;oef@&ŒJ psmye ta&;tcif;rSm a&S@wef;ygcJh wJh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif udak rmifarmifww d yf g? udak rmifarmifww d f -“'Dausmif;om;or*~ taqmufO;D }uD;Ak;H cGw J ahJ e&m awG@widk ;f awG@widk ;f / tJ'rD mS udak tmifausmf ausmuf wkid }f uD; awG@widk ;f awG@widk ;f rSm usaemfwkd@&ifxrJ mS t&rf;cHpm;&w,f? zke;f armf ta&;tcif;wke;f uqkv d &kd &Sd ifawmh 'g &efuek f 0dZm… / ody`H wuUov kd &f mZl;rSm jy\em+yD;yg

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rv$rJ a&SmifomwJt h aetxm;rsK;d wGef;ydk@wt Jh ajctaersK;d a&mufr,fvdk@vnf; ,H=k unfvdk@ usaemf vkyw f mjzpfygw,f?” [kwu f /Jh tb&J@ 'Duae@tpDtpOfav;udk enf;enf;av; ajymjyyg&iS ?fh “usaemf tck 12 em&DavmufaygAh sm/ olwdk@&J@ xrif;pm;qif;csed f 12 em&Davmufuae+yD; nae±H;k qif;csed f 4 em&Davmuftxd tJ'±D ;Hk a&S@uausmuf wkid ef aH b;rSm usaemf +idr;f csr;f pGmeJ@aygah emf/ qENjyygr,f? tckreufyJ usaemf jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif udk,af wmfjrwf}uD;rSm &Spyf g;oDvcH,yl gr,f? +yD;&if usaemf Oykoo f w D if;apmif+h yD;awmh oufowfvGwpf m;r,fcifAs? tJ'aD &S@us&if usaemf +idro f ufpmG eJ@yJ *k%af wmfu;dk yg;udk uGejf cmykw;D pdwef nf;eJ@ ykw;D pdw+f yD; tr#t wef;a0r,f/ qkawmif;r,f/ 'D[mygy?J olwdk@udk usaemf +idr;f +idr;f csr;f csr;f eJ@ us aemf&h J@ &ifwiG ;f rSm&Sw d q Jh ENav;udk xkwaf zmfjy owhJ oabmygycJ ifAsm?” [kwfu/Jh tb a&S@quf+yD;awmh bmvkyzf dk@&Sdygv&J iS ?f “'D[m+yD;&ifawmh usaemf jyefrmS yg Asm? tckvdk usaemf vkyaf qmifjcif;tm;jzifah ygah v/ Edik if H eJ@ jynfot l wGuf tusK;d av; wpHw k ckaom twdik ;f twmxdawmh jzpfajrmufatmifjrifygapvdk@yJ usaemfqENjyKyg w,fcifAsm?” ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

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