Journal Reviews

Category Sample Setting

Journal 1 2 3 1

Differences Six-year-olds students (12 students) Year 8 students (25 students) 10-11 years old students (179 students) Primary School in Newcastle, NSW, Australia.

Similarities All journals used students as their samples.

2

Secondary college in Victoria, Australia.

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3

Various elementary schools of Athens, Greece.

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Journal 1 and 3 setting were in school Journal 1 and 2 has time settings for their research.

Procedure

1

 Involved 2 cycles (cycle 1 student work 

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2

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individually while cycle 2 student work in pair) 1st phase: develop collaboration  Teach basic interpretation skills for collaboration  Use ‘Y’ charts (promote discussion of particular social skills)  Students write together in pairs .2nd phase: consideration of individual accountability  Ask children to use different colour pencils in order to detect who do most in writing process. rd 3 phase: Ability level consideration  Students being partnered in mixed ability partnerships. 4th phase: Considered pre-writing talk  Observe students in writing and taking notes. th 5 phase: further reading- recognition and noting of peer collaboration and peer tutoring, co-writing and co-responding Involved 3 cycles  Cycle 1 (11 weeks)  Weeks 1-3 : Pre-negotiation phase  Weeks 4 : Negotiation begins (major class meeting discuss of perception of English, explain the study and call students’ support)  Week 6: Introduction to practice of negotiation and discuss of implementation of Narrative Writing unit.

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Journal 1 and 2 do cycles in their action research.

Data collection and analyzing

1 2 3

 Audio tape recording, observation.  Triangulation technique for analysis data.  Questionnaires, classroom meetings, journals, partnership observation and interviews.  Questionnaire.  Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests  Mann Whitney U Test

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