John Adams Presentation

OHN ADAM S CAMERON CORT MARK BAO CATALINA RESTREPO

U.S. HISTORY 31 ORANGE

Election and Foreign Policy Election of 1796 • Thomas Jefferson and Adam Burr (Republican-Democrats) • John Adams and Thomas Pinckney (Federalists) • Whispering Campaign • Electoral College • 12th amendment 1804 JOHN ADAMS

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XYZ Affair (1797-1800) • Jay Treaty (Anglo-American Treaty) • Citizen Genet • Agents X, Y, Z • Foreign minister Charles Talleyrand • XYZ speech to Congress (1797) JOHN ADAMS

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War Sentiment • American Hostility to France • Federalists call for war (Hamilton) • Congress approves Adam’s war negotiations request

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Quasi War (1798-1800) • US seize 22 ships • France seize 300 plus ships • Sea battles in Caribbean • Unofficial ally Great Britain

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Convention of 1800 • Treaty of Montefontaine • Released from 1788 treaty • US proved able to defend itself

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John Adams’ Domestic Policy • Federalist (under Hamilton) • Elected to the presidency with a close vote • Wanted an end to partisan politics, but could not avoid participating in it JOHN ADAMS

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Causes of the Alien and Sedition Acts • Adams was fearful of criticism against the Federalist government during his presidency, as well as the uncertain period of being at possible war with France • Signed the Alien and Sedition Acts (four in total) into law as a result; prevented criticism, as well as setting other laws relating to foreign immigrants JOHN ADAMS

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Alien and Sedition Acts 1. Naturalization Act –

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Alien Act –

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Allowed the president to deport anyone

Alien Enemies Act –

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Eligibility for citizenship minimum stay in the US changed from 5 years to 14 years

Allowed wartime arrest, imprisonment and deportation of a resident that has a nationality of an enemy

Sedition Act –

Treasonable activity like “false, slanderous, and malicious writing” could end in imprisonment JOHN ADAMS

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Response to Alien and Sedition Acts • Benjamin Franklin’s grandson, Benjamin Franklin Bache, arrested for libel against President Adams • Helped the Republican party in fact to unite, Jefferson (Republican leader) elected in 1800 • Pardoned those under Sedition Act, repealed Sedition Act, others expired JOHN ADAMS

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions • Response to Alien and Sedation Acts • Written by Thomas Jefferson (Kentucky) and James Madison (Virginia) • Were sent to other states to be approved JOHN ADAMS

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Thomas Jefferson • Believed that acts stifled free speech and political opposition • U.S. was a compact, and if the national government was being unconstitutional the states had right to interpose

• Kentucky Resolves talked about acts with regard to tenth amendment and first amendment • Resolves pass House on November 10 1798 and then senate three days later

• Afraid national government was getting too strong JOHN ADAMS

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James Madison • Virginia Resolves much shorter and moderate than Kentucky • Introduced by John Taylor • Expressed VA’s warm attachment to union • Also said states had right to interpose

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Response by States • Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire said supreme court was ultimate authority • Of the seven states the resolves were sent to, not one state was in favor • Southern states did not even respond JOHN ADAMS

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Influence of Resolutions • Many states (north and south) have expressed approval in principles of resolutions • served as rally point for democraticrepublican opposition to federalist party and Jefferson’s presidential victory in election of 1800 • South Carolina: nullification and secession. Tariff of Abominations and Tariff of 1832. JOHN ADAMS

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