Jmet 2008 Original Paper

JMET 2008 Original Paper SECTION – 1 VERBAL COMMUNICATION (Questions 1 – 30)

Direction: Question 1 consists of four groups of jumbled phrases, of which only one is grammatically CORRECT. Identify the CORRECT option. 1. (A) growth and ongoing success / and providing a strong platform for sustainable / the complementary expertise of / both these companies will create (B) investment as a money-market account / although not quite as liquid an / a certificate of deposit is recommended / by financial experts for its high yield (C) understanding how countries grow rich / but not as the panacea once looks like / the rule of law has reestablished / itself as a cultural concept. (D) a range of skills unique in any age / even present day scholar’s who have been able / trace the prominent influence of Leonardo’s predecessors on / his scientific theories and designs still credit Da Vinci Solution: Statement (B) is the correct sentence and so is the required answer choice. The correct sequence of the groups of jumbled phrases is as follows. (B) Although not quite as liquid an / investment as a money market account / a certificate of deposit is recommended / by financial experts for its high yield. (A) The complimentary expertise of /both these companies will create/and providing a strong platform for/growth and ongoing success. The error is ‘providing’ and the correction of the is ‘…..companies will create and provide a strong platform……’. (C) The rule of law has reestablished/itself as a cultural concept/but not as the panacea once looks like/understanding how countries grow rich. There are two errors – ‘once looks’ should be ‘it once looked’. The other error is in the expression ‘understanding’. It should be replaced by the ‘to understand’ which renders the sentence meaningful. (D) Even present day scholar’s who have been able/trace the prominent influence of Leonardo’s predecessors on/his scientific theories and designs still credit Da Vinci/ a range of skills unique in any age. The sentence has three errors. The preposition ‘to’ always follows the word able; we say someone is capable ‘of’ doing something or someone is able ‘to’ do something. The other error is the omission of the preposition ‘with’ we ‘credit’ someone ‘with’ something. The third error is apostrophe in ‘scholar’s’ which should not be there. Choice (B) Direction: Question 2 consists of four groups of jumbled phrases, of which only one is grammatically INCORRECT. Identify the INCORRECT option. 2. (A) of factors influence diffusion between continents / related to these factors by affecting diffusion / within continents is a third set (B) but historians are nevertheless able / by retrospective tests / to evaluate related hypotheses (C) more starting materials and more / it is just that some environments provide / favorable conditions than do other environments (D) with formation of complex societies / these correlations suggest that / population density has something to do Solution: Option (A) has an error and so is the required answer choice. The correct sequence of the jumbled phrases is as follows. Related to these factors by affecting diffusion/within continents is a third set/of factors influence diffusion between continents.

The error is in the third part of the sentence. The word ‘influence’ should be ‘influencing’. It can also be corrected alternately by inserting a relative pronoun; that is ‘of factors that influence…….’. The other statements when sequenced are correct. Choice (A) Direction for questions 3 and 4: Fill in the blanks with the MOST APPROPRIATE pair given in the options: 3. Because he was __________, he __________ human society. (A) a stereotype, followed (B) a revolutionary, rebelled (C) a martyr, killed (D) a misanthrope, shunned Solution: The two words in option (A) do not render the sentence meaningful. The word ‘stereotype’ is not congruent with ‘followed’: it is apt to associate a ‘stereotype’ with ‘repeated’. Option (B) is also ruled out as the word ‘rebelled’ should be followed by the preposition ‘against’, a human society cannot be killed, option (C) is erroneous. Option (D) is both logically as well as grammatically correct. Choice (D) Directions: Complete the sentence given in Question 5, by replacing the underlined portion with the most suitable phrase from the given options: 5. Because mobile phones emit signals that can interfere with cockpit-to-control tower transmissions, airplane passengers’ use of these instruments at all time’s that the airplane is in motion, even while being on the ground. are prohibited. (A) at the times during which the airplane, even while on the ground, is in motion, are (B) during times of the airplane as being in motion, even on the ground, is (C) when the airplane is in motion, even while on the ground, is (D) during airplane motion, even when it is on the ground, are Solution: The subject (in the clause) ‘use of these instruments’ requires the verb ‘is’ (is prohibited). This rules out option (A) and (D) which have ‘are’. Option (B) is incorrect with ‘as being’. Option (C) is grammatically correct. Choice (C) Direction: Questions 6 – 9 relate the passage given below: Number of words in this passage : 587 ‘Beliefs’ soften the hardships, even can make them pleasant. In God, man can find very strong consolation and support. Without Him, man has to depend upon himself. At testing moments, vanity, if any, evaporates and man cannot dare to defy the general beliefs; if he does, then we must conclude that he has got certain other strengths than mere vanity. This is exactly the situation now. Judgment is already too well known. Within a week it is to be pronounced. What is the consolation with the exception of the idea that I am going to sacrifice my life for a cause? A God-believing Hindu might be expecting to be reborn as a king, a Muslim or a Christian might dream of the luxuries to be enjoyed in paradise and the reward he is to get for his sufferings and sacrifices. But what am I to expect? I know the moment the rope is fitted round my neck and rafters removed, from under my feet: that will be the final moment, that will be the last moment. I, or to be more precise, my soul as interpreted in the metaphysical terminology, shall all be finished there. Nothing further. A short life of struggle with no such magnificent end shall in itself be the reward if I have the courage to take it in that light. That is all. With no selfish motive or desire to be awarded here or hereafter, quite disinterestedly have I devoted my life to the cause of independence, because I could not do otherwise. The day we find a great number of men and women with this psychology who cannot

devote themselves to anything else than the service of mankind and emancipation of the suffering humanity – that day shall inaugurate the era of liberty. Not to become a king, nor to gain any other rewards here, or in the next birth or after death in paradise, shall they be inspired to challenge the oppressors, exploiters, and tyrants, but to cast off the yoke of serfdom from the neck of humanity and to establish liberty and peace shall they tread this – to their individual selves perilous and to their noble selves the only glorious imaginable path. Is the pride in their noble cause to be misinterpreted as vanity? Who dares to utter such an abominable epithet? To him, I say either he is a fool or a knave. Let us forgive him for he cannot realize the depth, the emotion, the sentiment and the noble feelings that surge in that heart. His heart is dead as a mere lump of flesh, his eyes are weak, the evils of other interests having been cast over them. Self-reliance is always liable to be interpreted as vanity. It is sad and miserable but there is no help. You go and oppose the prevailing faith, you go and criticize a hero, a great man, who is generally believed to be above criticism because he is thought to be infallible, the strength of your argument shall force the multitude to decry you as vainglorious. This is due to the mental stagnation: criticism and independent thinking are the two indispensable qualities of a revolutionary. Because Mahatmaji is great, therefore none should criticize him. Because he has risen above, therefore everything he says – may be in the field of politics or religion, economics or ethics – is right. Whether you are convinced or not you must say, “Yes. That’s true”. This mentality does not lead towards progress. It is rather too obviously, reactionary.

6. Which of the following statements BEST captures the essence of the passage? (A) When we criticize a great man like Mahatmaji, we are motivated by arrogance and a desire to question anything good through meaningless arguments. (B) All human beings ought to desists from believing anything in order to be able to achieve something meaningful. (C) The author is trying to present his defense for not believing in the existence of God, even though it is probably more convenient to do so, than going against the generally accepted norms of the society. (D) It is wrong to believe in God for achieving kingship or for rewards in this world, or for paradise after death, and instead, one should believe in God without expecting anything in return. Explanatory note: Choice (A) is negated by the last para. Choice (D) is also not true – the author does not say it is wrong to believe in God or to expect reward. Between choices (B) and (C), the latter can be ruled out because the author’s tone is not in the defensive. Choice (B) is backed by paras 2 and 4. It is very clear from para 2 that the author is not only very confident of his attitude but he also persuades others to be like him. For example, in the last sentence of para 2, ‘The day we find a great number of men and women ……’ he is far from being on the defensive. He is advocating to others how to lead a meaningful life. Choice (B) 7. Which one of the following statements can be deduced from the above passage? (A) Individuals who neither believe in God nor in the infallibility of great men are arrogant. (B) Belief is convenient as it even makes a hard reality at present more bearable because of a promise of a better future. (C) Only some individuals are able to attain greatness and by following them uncritically the society can make significant progress. (D) If you do not believe in God, then you can never hope to achieve anything great in life. Explanatory note: Choices A, C and D are negated by the passage. Only choice B is true – it is the author’s view. Choice (B) 8. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE as per the passage? (A) Pride in a noble cause should not be interpreted as vanity. (B) Service to mankind is the ultimate path to freedom. (C) Criticizing heroes and great men can lead to progress. (D) The author is upset because he has nothing to expect in the after life. Explanatory note:

Choice where.

D

is

not

true,

the

author’s

emotions

have

not

been made Choice (D)

evident

any

9. The word ‘vainglorious’ as used in the passage is EXACTLY OPPOSITE in meaning to: (A) truthful (B) proud (C) dishonest (D) humble Explanatory note: ‘Vainglorious’ occurs in the third line of the last para. It means proud, the opposite, therefore, is humble. Choice (D) Directions for questions 10 to 12: Choose the grammatically CORRECT option from the sentences given below: 10. (A) People in this bar often orders foods with beers. Foods here taste nice and beers are cheap. (B) People in this bar often order food with beer. Food here tastes nice and beers are cheap. (C) People in this bar often order food with beer. Food here tastes nice and beer is cheap. (D) People in this bar often order food with beer. Foods here taste nice and beer is cheap. Solution: ‘Food’ is usually an uncountable noun. So is not used in plural form. We use foods only when referring to particular types of food: ‘health foods’, ‘baby foods’, etc. So sentence A and D are incorrect. In sentence A, it is inappropriate to use the word ‘orders’ as the subject is in plural number. In sentence B, it is incorrect to use ‘beers’. Only sentence C is a grammatically correct sentence. Choice (C) 11. (A) Each of the finalists were exceptionally good and the choice for the best one among all three was very difficult indeed. (B) Each of the finalists was exceptionally good and choosing the best one among the three was very difficult indeed. (C) Each of the finalists was exceptionally good and choosing the best one between the three was very difficult indeed. (D) Each of the finalists were exceptionally good and the choices among all three were very difficult indeed. Solution: In sentence A, the use of the verb ‘were’ is incorrect. ‘Each’ is generally followed by a singular verb. In sentence C it is inappropriate to use ‘between’. ‘Between’ is used to talk about two, ‘among’ is used to refer to more than two. In statement D use of ‘were’ is erroneous. Use of ‘choices’ also is incorrect as it is a noun. ‘Choosing’ is more appropriate as it refers to the act of selecting out of a great number. The correct option is B. Choice (B) 12. (A) I requested the principle to remove me from the operation since it was going against my principals. (B) I need to move further away from home in order to continue farther education. (C) Knowledge of economical theories need not be helpful in making economic products. (D) I have been working continuously for the last three months while she is continually taking days off. Solution: In statement A the words ‘principal’ `and ‘principle’ are interchanged. ‘Principal’ refers to first in rank or importance while ‘principle’ would mean a ‘personal code of conduct’. In statement B ‘further’ and ‘farther’ are interchanged, ‘farther’ talks about physical distance where as ‘further’ refers to a ‘more advanced point in time or space’. In statement C ‘economical’ and ‘economic’ are interchanged. ‘Economical’ means avoiding waste. ‘Economic relates to the subject dealing with goods their production etc. The grammatically correct statement is D. Choice (D) Direction: Questions 13 – 16 relate to the passage given below:

Number of words in this passage : 420

Can poor countries afford to be green? That is a question which politicians in the developing world have often asked rather pointedly. To them, it seems that the obsession of some rich types with preserving forests and saving cuddly animals like pandas or lemurs, while paying less attention to the human beings living nearby, is both cynical and hypocritical. There is of course plenty of evidence that greenery and growth are not polar opposites. After decades of expansion in China and other fastemerging economies, some of the negative side-effects and their impact on human welfare, above all the death toll caused by foul air and water, are horribly clear. Yet, the relationship between growth and the state of environment is far from simple. Some experts feel that poor countries have been quite right to challenge the sort of green orthodoxy which rejects the very idea of economic growth. Indeed, the single biggest variable in determining a country’s ranking is income per head. But that doesn’t imply that economic growth automatically leads to an improvement in the environment. Growth does offer solutions to the sorts of environmental woes (local air pollution, for example) that directly kill humans. This matters, because about a quarter of all deaths in the world have some link to environmental factors. Most of the victims are poor people who are already vulnerable because of bad living conditions, lack of access to medicine, and malnutrition. Among the killers, especially of children, in which the environment plays, a role, are diarrhoea, respiratory infections and malaria. These diseases reinforce a vicious circle of poverty and hopelessness by depressing production. According to the World Bank, the economic burden on society caused by bad environmental health amounts to between 2% and 5% of GDP. As poor countries get richer, they usually invest heavily in environmental improvements, such as cleaning up water supplies and improving sanitation, that boost human health. But the link between growth and environmentally benign outcomes is much less clear when it comes to the sort of pollution that fouls up nature (such as acid rain, which poisons lakes and forests) as opposed to directly killing human beings. The key to addressing that sort of pollution is not just money but good governance. Hence, the poor Dominican Republic is much healthier than nearby Haiti, Costa Rica is far ahead of Nicaragua, in spite of broadly similar nature and resources, and wealthy Belgium is the sick man of Western Europe, with an environmental record worse than that of many developing countries.

13. The MOST APPROPRIATE title for the passage would be: (A) How Green is their Growth? (B) Green Orthodoxy (C) Growth vs Greenery (D) Global Warming

Explanatory note: The most appropriate title for the passage is Growth vs Greenery because this comparison is both explicit and implicit through out the passage. Choice (A) would be appropriate if the author’s tone was critical. Choice (B) focuses only on green orthodoxy whereas the author explores all aspects of the subject – what developed and developing countries do or can do, how important is ecology to the well being of people etc. Choice (D) is irrelevant. Choice (C)

14. Which one of the following statements CANNOT be inferred from the passage? (A) Fast-emerging economies are responsible for polluting their environment. (B) Bad environmental health affects a country’s production. (C) Environment can be protected only after economic prosperity has been achieved. (D) The link between the state of the environment and human health is ambiguous.

Explanatory note: Choices (A) and (B) can be inferred from lines 6 to 8. Choice (D) is backed by the examples given at the end of the passage. The same examples negate choice (C). Choice (C)

15. The passage DOES NOT talk about: (A) the impact of environmental health on economic growth. (B) factors determining good governance. (C) the impact of economic growth on environmental health. (D) environmental factors affecting child mortality.

Explanatory note: (A) and (C) are discussed through out the passage and (D) is also mentioned. While good government is mentioned, factors determining it are not mentioned. Choice (B)

16. Which one of the following can be MOST APPROPRIATELY inferred from the passage? (A) Environmental health should be the single biggest variable in determining a country’s ranking. (B) Poor countries cannot afford to save forests or protect cuddly animals. (C) Haiti, Nicaragua and Belgium are the most polluted countries in the world. (D) Economic progress can help to ease environmental woes, as long as the governance is good.

Explanatory note:

Choice (A) cannot be inferred – while environmental health is important, the passage does not say or imply that it is the ‘single biggest variable in determining a country’s ranking’. Choice (C) cannot be inferred; there is nothing to say that the countries mentioned are the ‘most polluted in the world’. (B) cannot be inferred since the question at the beginning of the passage is not the author’s but the politician’s view (as seen from ‘To them’ in line 2). The author himself believes it to be essential as when he speaks of diseases like Malaria. (D) can be inferred from the 5th line from the end – money can be equated to economic progress. Choice (D)

Directions for questions 17 and 18: The sentences given in the questions, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given options to construct a coherent paragraph. 17. (a) Each new encounter with a new culture is fraught with peril. (b) When successful, the feelings really are very much as though a major victory has been won. (c) Then the events occur and you return home either triumphant or defeated. (d) It is preceded by anxiety and information collection and rehearsal. (A) (d)-(c)-(b)-(a) (B) (a)-(d)-(c)-(b) (C) (c)-(b)-(a)-(d) (D) (b)-(a)-(d)-(c) Solution: The pronoun ‘it’ renders statement (d) incorrect as the first sentence of the para. Statement (c) talks of both victory and defeat and statement (b) then talks specifically of success; thus (c) and (b) form a pair. Statement (d) necessarily follows statement (a) as (a) talks of what a new encounter is fraught with and (d) talks of what ‘precedes’ the encounter. Choice (B) 18. (a) We are to make sure that we do not only see our destination being reached but also see our own bodies reaching them. (b) Some of us feel that deep down inside, we lack the enthusiasm for accomplishing what we really desire. (c) If this is the problem, then we are to practice our exercises. (d) This may be a sign that we lack respect for our inner self which results in low self-esteem. (A) (a)-(b)-(d)-(c) (B) (b)-(d)-(c)-(a) (C) (c)-(a)-(d)-(b) (D) (d)-(c)-(a)-(b) Solution: The pronoun ‘this’ in statement (c) and (d) renders them inappropriate as the opening statement. Thus, option (C) and (D) are ruled out. The pronoun ‘this’ in statement (d) refers to ‘lack of enthusiasm’ mentioned in statement (b). Statement (b) being a generalized statement is better as an opening statement and statement (a) is more appropriate as a concluding statement. Thus, option (B) is the most logical sequence. Choice (B) Direction for Questions 19 and 20: Choose the word which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the word given in CAPITAL LETTERS: 19. TRACTABLE (A) obedient Solution: ‘Tractable’ ‘stubborn’. 20. FATUOUS (A) stupid

means

(B) capable easily

manageable.

(B) obese

(C) corruptible The

word

(C) intelligent

(D) stubborn which

is opposite Choice (D) (D) sincere

in

meaning

is

Solution: ‘Fatuous’ means ‘vacantly silly’, ‘purposeless’. The word which is opposite in meaning is ‘intelligent’. Choice (C) Direction for Questions 21 and 22: Choose the word which is CLOSEST in meaning to the word given in CAPITAL LETTERS: 21. MORIBUND (A) terminal Solution: ‘Moribund’ disease. 22. DECIMATE (A) reduce Solution: To that. Choice (B)

(B) morbid is

related

to

(B) destroy ‘decimate’

(C) temporary dying.

So

is

(D) mundane ‘terminal’

(C) bifurcate something

as

in

a terminal Choice (A)

(D) divide is

to

‘destroy’

Direction: In Questions 23 and 24, select the pair of words from the given options that best expresses a relationship SIMILAR to the pair in CAPITAL LETTERS. 23. SIDEREAL : STARS (A) ethereal : planets (B) chimeral : matter (C) horticultural : plants (D) supernatural : heaven Solution: The relationship in the given pair of words is that of the adjective to the corresponding noun. Option (C) is similar to the given pair. Something that is related to ‘heaven’ is ‘ethereal’. ‘Chimeral’ is related to illusion.. ‘Tellurian’ is closer to terrestrial which is related to planets. Choice (C) 24. INDUSTRIOUS : ASSIDUOUS (A) impoverished : poor (B) affluent : impecunious (C) diagnosis : prognosis (D) impartial : biased Solution: The given pair of words have a synonymous relation. The words in option (A) also share a similar relationship. Hence is the required answer choice. Options (B) and (D) are antonyms. The words in option (C) are related but not synonyms. Choice (A) Direction: The direct speech in question 25 is rewritten in the indirect form in the options below. Identify the grammatically CORRECT option. 25. He said, “I am upset. My boss is not happy with my performance.” (A) He said that he was upset since his boss was not happy with his performance. (B) He said his boss is upset because he is unhappy with his performance. (C) He said that he is upset as because his boss is not happy with his performance. (D) He said he was upset with his performance since his boss is not happy. Solution: The statement when written in the indirect form will read as ‘He said that he was upset since his boss was not happy with his performance’. In statement B the use of ‘is’ is incorrect. In statement

C the use of the two conjunctions (as, because) is incorrect. In statement D the meaning of the statement is changed. The correct option A. Choice (A) Direction: From the options given in Question 26, choose the sentence which contains an INCORRECT SPELLING: 26. (A) The dress complements you hair colour. (B) When such adulatory remarks are circulated, we can only despise those who produce them. (C) There are too many dilettantes and not enough serious workers. (D) He has been a medicore student all his life. Solution: The sentence which contains an incorrect spelling is (D). The word wrongly spelt is ‘mediocre’. Choice (D)

Direction: Read the passage given below and answer Questions 27 – 30: Number of words in this passage : 562

The starting point for our discussion is the common view expressed in the saying “Necessity is the mother of invention.” That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Would-be inventors, motivated by the prospect of money or fame, perceive the need and try to meet it. Some inventor finally comes up with a solution superior to an existing, unsatisfactory technology. Society adopts the solution if it is compatible with the society’s values and other technologies. Some inventions do conform to this commonsense view of necessity as inventions’ mother. Eli Whitney’s 1794 invention of a cotton gin to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton, and James Watt’s 1769 invention of steam engine to solve the problem of pumping out water out of British coal mines were some such instances. These familiar examples deceive us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, many or most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering, in the absence of any initial demand for the product they had in mind. Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they ‘needed’ it. Still other devices, invented to serve one purpose, eventually found most of their use for other unanticipated purposes. Some inventions in search of an initial use included most of the major technological breakthroughs of moderns times, including the airplane, the automobile, internal combustion engine, electric light bulb, the phonograph and transistor. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa. For example, when Edison built his first phonograph in 1877, he published an article listing ten uses to which his invention might be put. Reproduction of music did not figure high on that list. Only after 20 years did Edison reluctantly concede that the main use of his phonograph was to play and record music. Again, when Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine, in 1866, horses had been supplying people’s land transportation needs for nearly 600 years, supplemented increasingly by steam-powered railroads, for several decades. There was no crisis in the availability of horses, no dissatisfaction with railroads. In 1896, Gottfried Daimler built the first truck. In 1905, motor vehicles were still expensive, unreliable toys for the rich. Public contentment with horses and railroads remained high until World War I, when the military concluded that it really did need trucks. Intensive postwar lobbying by truck manufacturers and armies finally convinced the public of its own needs and enabled trucks to begin to supplant horse drawn wagons in industrialized countries. Thus the commonsense view of invention that served as our starting point reverses the role of invention and need, and probably overstates the importance of rare geniuses such as Watt and Edison. That “heroic theory of invention” is encouraged by patent law, because an applicant for a patent must prove the novelty of the invention submitted. Inventors thereby have a financial incentive to denigrate or ignore previous work. In truth, technology develops cumulatively, and through the inventions and improvements of many predecessors and successors, rather than in isolated heroic acts, and it finds most of its uses after it has been invented, rather than being invented to meet a foreseen need.

27. According to the passage:

(A) airplanes and automobiles were invented out of curiosity. (B) curiosity and necessity are the main obstacles for invention. (C) the applications of an invention are often not apparent immediately. (D) society helps to fulfill an inventor’s need for money and fame. Explanatory Note: Choice (C) is true – refer to the example of Edison’s phonograph in the middle of the passage and the last sentence of the passage. Choice (C) 28. The last sentence of the passage implies that: (A) the author does not believe in the concept of “heroic inventions”. (B) an invention does not always have to be in response to some perceived need. (C) isolated heroic acts do not give rise to inventions. (D) initial inventors are never recognized. Explanatory Note: Choice (B) can passage.

be

inferred

from

the

last

one

and

a

half lines of Choice (B)

the

29. The MOST APPROPRIATE title for the passage would be: (A) Mother of Necessity (B) Inventors or Villains? (C) The Heroic Theory of Invention (D) Inventions, not Necessities Explanatory Note: Since the passage refutes the adage, ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’, an apt title would be ‘Inventions, not Necessities’. Choice (D) 30. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT, as per the given passage? (A) Patent laws facilitate unnecessary inventions. (B) Inventions give rise to needs in society. (C) Curiosity is the mother of invention. (D) The military helped to popularize the use of trucks. Explanatory Note: Choices (B) and (C) are backed by lines 12 to 15. Choice (D) is backed by lines 13 to 11 from the end of the passage. Choice (A) is not stated. Choice (A)

SECTION – 2 LOGICAL REASONING (Questions 31 – 60) 31. A man X started his walk from location P and later arrived at location R and at the same time another person Y arrived at the location R, completing his walk from location Q. If both X and Y walked without stopping, who walked at a faster average speed if: 1. Y started walking 15 minutes after X. 2. The distance from Q to R is less than the distance between P and R. (A) Statement 1 and 2 are both required to answer the question. (B) Not enough facts are given to answer the question. (C) Statement 1 alone is sufficient to answer the question but statement 2 alone is not sufficient. (D) Statement 1 contradicts statement 2. Solution: Given that, X came from P to R. Y came from Q to R. Both of them arrived at R at the same time. We have to find out, who among X and Y walked faster.

From (1) alone as there is no information about the distance no relation can be made about their speeds. From (2) alone,the distance between Q and R is less than the distance between P and R. As there is no information about the total time taken, no relation between speeds can be made. Combining (1) and (2), there is no data given about the difference in distance between P and R and Q and R. Hence, the question cannot be answered. Choice (B) Direction for Questions 32 and 33: Read the following passage and answer the questions. Though persons of any age can have cancer, recent research has shown that eating fiber rich diet may reduce risk of some types of cancer. Modern life style has resulted in increased consumption of junk food that is low in fiber. We should fortify junk food with fiber. 32. “NO JUNK FOOD NO CANCER”! (A) The statement cannot be logically inferred from the passage. (B) The statement is a logical inference from the passage above. (C) The passage has contradicting statements. (D) None of the above. Solution: It is stated that fiber rich diet "may reduce" the risk of cancer. It is suggested to fortify junk food with fiber, because the consumption of junk food, which is low in fiber, has increased. It is stated that junk food, if fortified with fiber may reduce the risk of cancer. "No junk food no cancer", implies that junk food is a reason for cause, which cannot be logically inferred from the passage. Choice (A) 33. I: Cancer is a modern disease. II: Modern life style and eating habits may have increased risk of cancer. (A) Both I and II can be logically inferred from the above passage. (B) Neither I nor II can be logically inferred from the above passage. (C) Only I can be logically inferred from the above passage. (D) Only II can be logically inferred from the above passage Solution: It is stated that fiber rich diet "may reduce" the risk of cancer. It is suggested to fortify junk food with fiber, because the consumption of junk food, which is low in fiber, has increased. The passage is referring to food habit in life. Hence, I cannot be inferred. From the statement it is clear that those who take diet which is rich in fiber are at a lower risk of some types of cancer than those who do not. Hence, II can be inferred. Choice (D) Direction for questions 34 – 36: The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence in numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences. 34. (i) The energy task force that met here on Saturday is reported to have taken the decision for retendering the two projects. (ii) The lowest tariff quoted by the firm for Kacahan project was Rs.2.83 per unit and for Bara Rs.2.88 per unit. (iii) Global tenders for the two projects were invited in January 2008. (iv) This bid was set aside by cabinet decision on grounds that tariff was too high. (A) (i)-(iii)-(ii)-(iv) (B) (i)-(ii)-(iii)-(iv) (C) (i)-(iii)-(iv)-(ii) (D) (iii)-(ii)-(iv)-(i) Solution:

Calling for tenders is followed by bidding. Then the acceptability of the bid is checked. The least quote itself is observed to be too high. Hence it is decided to re-tender. ∴ The logical order is (iii) – (ii) – (iv) –

(i). Choice (D)

35. (i) Heildi Kllum says that deep love keeps her marriage to Seal strong. (ii) The 34-year old beauty also said that she considered Seal to be Leni’s (her daughter from her previous marriage) real father. (iii) Heidi Klum concluded by saying, “I feel lucky that I have found Seal. He is my best friend.” (iv) The super model who married the Kiss from Rose singer three years ago, stressed the importance of love and believes that it is vital for happy relationship. (A) (i)-(iii)-(ii)-(iv) (B) (i)-(ii)-(iv)-(iii) (C) (iii)-(i)-(ii)-(iv) (D) (iv)-(ii)-(i)-(iii) Solution: Statement (iii) refers to a conclusion. Hence, it has to be the last statement. Statement (iv) starts with the words "The supermodel" hence it cannot be the opening statement. Statement (i) is an assertion, which is strengthened in the further statements. Hence, it is the first statement. Statement (ii) contains the words "also said". Hence, (ii) follows (i). ∴ The logical order is (i) – (ii) – (iv) –

(iii). Choice (B)

36. (i) It is a record and particularly an interesting record that beats the year 1957 which was the year of the baby boom. (ii) More babies were born in USA last year than in any other year in the history. (iii) 4,315,000 babies were born in USA last year. (iv) This baby boom is in contradiction to the recent US economy trend that is manifested in soaring gas prices, rising inflation and cost of living. (A) (i)-(ii)-(iii)-(iv) (B) (ii)-(iv)-(iii)-(i) (C) (ii)-(iii)-(i)-(iv) (D) (iii)-(i)-(iv)-(ii) Solution: Statement (i) cannot be the first one because the word "It is a record" has no earlier reference. Statement (ii) is supported by statement (iii), which is described as a record in statement (i). A count is made about this trend in statement (iv). ∴ The logical order is (ii) – (iii) – (i) – (iv). Choice (C) 37. Manisha will eat the orange if Rajesh does not cook. Based on the information above which of the following must be true. (A) Manisha will not eat the orange if Rajesh cooks. (B) If Manisha did not eat the orange, then Rajesh did cook. (C) If Manisha ate the orange then Rajesh did not cook. (D) If Rajesh does not cook, Manisha will eat the orange. Solution: The implications of the statement are (i) Manisha will not eat orange implies Rajesh cooks_____ (ii) Rajesh did not cook implies Manisha eat orange.______

Choice (B) Choice (D).

Choice (B/D) 38. Judging from the message being conveyed and the apparent authoritativeness of their sources, which of the following is the most reasonable and trust worthy statement. (A) FILM CRITIC: Internet, web blogs, chats, email etc. have all made children isolate themselves and become less social.

(B) RTI OFFICER IN CHARGE: We have already started collecting data on the number of students who applied, who qualified and finally joined in the last four years. (C) EDUCATION CORRESPONDENT: According to a mother, winter uniform for girls should be changed to pants from skirt in the northern part of the country. (D) RAILWAY OFFICER: Traveling in planes is very expensive, inconvenient and time consuming. These are some of the reasons why more people travel by train and the rail-road network is well developed in our country. Solution: Choice (A): A film critic is an authority to comment on films but not on Internet, web blogs etc. Choice (B): RTI (Right to Information) officer in charge is stated to have collecting the data i.e information, which is a part of his job. Hence, (B) is a most reasonable and trustworthy statement. Choice (C): The Education correspondent is referring to what a mother said. It is not the statement of the correspondent. Choice (D): A Railway Officer is not an authority to talk negatively about airways. It is just his opinion. Choice (B) 39. Look at the sentences given below (i) If the contract is valid, then X is liable. (ii) If X is liable, he will be bankrupt. (iii) If the bank loans him money, he will not go bankrupt. Select the statement that is consistent with the above statements (A) The contract is valid and the bank will loan him money. (B) The contract is valid and the bank will not loan him money. (C) The contract is not valid and he will go bankrupt. (D) The contract is not valid and he is liable.

Solution: From (i) and (ii) we get, If the contract is valid then he will bankrupt. From the above statement and (iii) If he money. e (B)

goes

bankrupt

then

the

bank

does

not

loan

him Choic

40. Four pairs of numbers are given below of which the last number is missing. In all pairs, the number on the left has a certain relationship with the number on the right. Select the option that has the same relationship with the given number. 4:8; 6:10; 12:14; 18: ? (A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 42 (D) 60 Direction for Questions 41 and 42: Consider statements (i) – (iv) : (i): (ii): (iii): (iv):

X was born before Y. Y was born in the sixteenth century. Z was born before A. B was a compatriot of X.

S: If either B was a compatriot of X or Z was born before A, then Y was born in the sixteenth century.

41. To make sentences S true, (A) (ii), (iii) and (iv) should be false. (B) (iii) and (iv) should be true and (ii) should be false. (C) (iii) should be true and (ii) and (iv) should be false. (D) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) should be true. Solution: Given S is (iv)

If

either

or (iii) then (ii)

(iii).

To make S to be true we have to look for the implications. (iii) or (ii) ⇒ (ii) (iv) ⇒ (ii) (iii) ⇒ (ii) ~(ii) ⇒ ~ (iv) Choice (A)

42. To make sentences S false, (A) (ii), (iii) and (iv) should be true. (B) (iii) or (iv) should be true and (ii) should be false. (C) (iii) and (iv) should be true and (ii) should be false. (D) (iii) and (iv) should be false and (ii) should be true. Solution: Given S is

(iv)

and

~

If

either

or (iii) then (ii)

To make S false, we should look for negation. The negation is, (iv) or (iii) (ii).

and

~

Choice (B)

Directions for Questions 43 and 44: A statement and two actions are given. Action is a step to be taken for improvement or follow up in regard to the problem mentioned in the statement. On the basis of the information given in the statement and assuming that the statement is true, decide which of the given action logically follows. 43. Statement: The Government of Rajasthan, in a report, revealed that due to social disturbances and bomb blasts in Jaipur, the number of foreign tourists has decreased considerably, resulting in a loss of Rs. 200 crores. Actions: Ι . Government should provide financial support to the tourism sector. Ι Ι . Foreign tourists should be advised to visit the country at their risk. (A) Only Ι follows (B) Only Ι Ι follows (C) Either Ι or Ι Ι follows (D) Neither Ι nor Ι Ι follows Solution: The problem brought up in the statement is related to security. I refer to financial support. It is irrelevant. II does not solve the problem of security. ∴ Neither I follows. Choice (D)

nor

II

44. Statement: The Indian textile industry venturing into the Western European market faces tough competition from China. Actions: Ι . India should search for other international markets for its textile products. Ι Ι . India should improve the quality and reduce costs to compete with China in capturing the market. (A) Only I follows (B) Only II follows

(C) Both I and II follow (D) Neither I nor II follows Solution: The statement is referring one particular region and the competition faced there. I is based on the assumption that India has not ventured in to other international markets. ∴ I does not follow. Reduction in price and increase in quality would make the product easily marketable. Hence, II follows. ∴ Only, follows. Choice (B)

II

45. A jury reaches a verdict when all of its members come to a unanimous agreement. In one recent well publicized trial, the judge thought that the jury had reached a verdict. Eventually it was learnt that one juror did not agree with the others. The proceedings were ultimately declared a mistrial by the judge. Based only on the above information, which of the following statement is a valid conclusion. (A) The jury never actually reached a verdict. (B) The jury reached a verdict but had been disrupted by a single juror. (C) There have been other trials where the jury failed to reach a verdict. (D) Only trials in which the jury fails to reach a verdict are declared mistrials. Solution: According to the statement, the jury is said to have reached a verdict when all the members of the jury come to a unanimous agreement. But it is given that one member did not agree. Hence the jury has not reached a verdict (choice A). Choice (B) contradicts the passage. Choice (C) and (D) are out of context. Choice (A) 46. Since all peacocks that I have seen on academic campuses have been greenish blue, it follows that peacocks that I will see in the zoo will also be greenish blue. Which of the following most closely parallels the reasoning of the preceding argument? (A) All peacocks are greenish blue (B) Every apple that I have eaten has been sweet; so a fruit that is sweet must be an apple. (C) Since no cold medicine has ever helped me, this home remedy will probably not work either. (D) Since no tutor has helped me improve my guitar playing skills, the new tutor will probably not help either. Solution: What is observed in the known peacocks is being generalised for unknown peacocks also. Choice (A) : It is only an assertion. There is no reasoning. Choice (B) : Whatever is observed about apple is being generalised for all fruits. Hence, this is not parallel. Choice (C) : It is not known whether home remedy can be classified as medicine or not. Choice (D) : whatever is observed in the known tutors being generanlised for unknown tutors. Hence, this one parallels the reasoning. Choice (D) 47. It is known that at the university, 60% of the students play tennis, 50% of them play bridge, 70% job, 20% play tennis and bridge, 30% play tennis and job, and 40% play bridge and job. If someone claimed that 20% students play bridge, job and play tennis, (A) The person is telling the truth (B) Students who do all three activities are more than 20% (C) Students who do all three activities are less than 20% (D) There are no students who do all three activities Solution: Let us represent the given values in the following venn diagram.

20.

y + g = 20 x + g = 30 z + g = 40 If it is given that g = 20 then y=0 x = 10 z = 20 ∴ a = 30, b = 10, c = 20. If this case, Total is more than 100. So g should be more than 20 which is not possible as y + g = 20. Hence g cannot either be equal to 20 not more than 20. ∴ g is less

than

Choice (C) 48. Three married couples on a journey come to a river where they find a boat that cannot carry more than two persons at a time. An additional condition is that a lady cannot be left on either bank where other men are present, without her husband. (A) These people will not be able to cross the river. (B) They will be able to cross the river in 9 steps. (C) They will be able to cross the river in 10 steps. (D) They will be able to cross the river in 13 steps. Solution: Let the three couples be represented as follows. (M1, F1), (M2, F2), (M3, F3) The following table represent the steps.

setup

People on the side

People travelled

People travelling from other side

People on the other side

1

M1 M2 M3 F3

F1 F2

–

–

2

M1 M2 M3 F3

–

F2

F1

3

M1 M3 F3

M2 F2

–

F1

4

M1 M3 F3

–

F1

M2 F2

5

M1 F1

M3 F3

–

M2 F2

6

M1 F1

–

F3

M2 F2 M3

7

F3

M1 F1

–

M2 F2 M3

8

F3

–

M3

M1F1 M2 F2

9

–

M3 F3

–

M1F1 M2 F2

So, required.

9

steps

are

Choice (B)

Direction for Questions 49 and 50: There are statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III, IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows from the given statements. 49. Statements: (i) All Roses are Flowers (ii) Some flowers are Vegetables Conclusions: Ι . Some Vegetables are Roses Ι Ι . All Vegetables are Roses Ι Ι Ι . Some Roses are Vegetables Ι V. All Roses are vegetables (A) All conclusions follow (B) Only Ι and Ι Ι follow (C) None of the conclusions follow (D) Only Ι Ι and Ι Ι Ι follow Solution: As, among the given statements, the middle term is not distributed, hence no conclusion can be drawn. Choice (C) 50. Statements: (i) Some Players are Athletes (ii) All Athletes are Humans (iii) No Human is an Art Conclusions: I. Some Players are not Ants II. Some Humans are Players III. No Athletes is an Ant IV. Some Ants are not Athletes (A) I, II and III follow (B) II, III and IV follow (C) I, II and IV follow (D) All follow Solution: From statement (i) and (ii), the possible conclusions are (a) Some players are human. (b) Some humans are players. From statement (ii) and (iii) the possible conclusions are (c) No athletes is ant. (d) No ant is athlete. (e) Some athletes are not ants. (f) Some ants are not athletes combining all the three the possible conclusion is (g) Some players are not ants. So conclusion I, II, III, IV follow. Choice (D)

Direction for question 51: A statement followed by three assumptions numbered Ι , Ι Ι and III are given. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the answers (A), (B), (C), or (D) is correct. 51. Statement: As our business is expanding we need to appoint more managers – says Mr. Adani, owner of Croyon Limited. Assumptions: Ι . The present managers are not competent. Ι Ι . More staff will further expand the business. Ι Ι Ι . Suitable persons to be taken as managers will be available. (A) Only Ι is implicit (B) Only Ι Ι is implicit (C) Only Ι Ι Ι is implicit (D) None is implicit Solution: Mr.Adani suggests to appoint more managers in the view of expanding business. The statement is about number of managers, but not about competence. Hence, I is not implicit. The statement is made after observing the growth in business. Hence, II is not implicit. If it is assumed that suitable persons are not available,. the suggestion would not have been made. Hence III is implicit. ∴ Only III is implicit. Choice (C) 52. Consider the following set of three statements: (i) There are three statements in this set (ii) Two of them are not true (iii) Your IQ score will go up by 20 if you learn to play game Z. For these three statements to be consistent: (A) Only statements (ii) and (iii) must be true (B) Statement (iii) may be either true or false (C) Statements (ii) and (iii) must be false (D) Statement (iii) must be false Solution: It is evident that (i) is always true. If (ii) is true, then (i) and (iii) must be false. This is not possible because (i) in true. If (ii) is false, then (i) and (iii) must be true. This is possible. Hence, (iii) must be true. There is no suitable answer choice. Direction for Questions 53 – 57: Please read the following statements and answer the questions. There are five friends Amisha, Binaya, Celina, Daisy and Eshaan. Two of them play table tennis while the other three play different games. viz. football, cricket and chess. One table tennis player and the chess player stay on the same floor while other three stay on floors 2, 4 and 5. Two of the players are industrialists while the other three belong to different occupations viz. teaching, medicine and engineering. The chess player is the oldest while one of the table tennis players, who plays at the national level, is the youngest. The other table tennis player who plays at the regional level is between the football player and the chess player in age. Daisy is a regional player and stay on floor 2. Binaya is an engineer while Amisha is the industrialist and plays tennis at the national level. 53. Who stays on floor 4? (A) Amisha 54. What does Eshaan play?

(B) Binaya

(C) Celina

(D) Eshaan

(A) Chess regional level

(B) Football

(C) Cricket

(D) Table tennis at

55. Age wise, who among the following lies between Daisy and Eshaan? (A) Teacher (B) Industrialist (C) Engineer 56. Who will stay on floor 3? (A) Amisha and Binaya Daisy

(B) Daisy and Eshaan

Solution: The question can be answered by elimination. It is given that Diasy stays on floor 2. Hence, (B), (C) eliminated. Choice (A)

and

(D) Doctor

(C) Binaya and Daisy

(D)

(D) Celina and

can

be

57. What is the occupation of the chess player? (A) Engineer (B) Industrialist (C) Doctor (D) Teacher Solution: From the solution of question 56, we know that Amisha and Binaya stay on floor 3. It is given that one of these two is a table tennis player and the other one is a chess player. It is also given that Amisha is a tennis player and Binaya is an engineer. ⇒ Binaya, the engineer, chess. Choice (A)

plays

Direction for questions 58 to 60: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Five flags, each with a distinct symbol namely Panther, Tiger, Rose, Swan and Quali, have been arranged in the following order: (i) Panther is next to Quail and Swan is next to Rose (ii) Swan is not next to Tiger, Tiger is on the extreme left hand side and Rose is on the second position from the right hand side. (iii) Panther is on the right hand side of Quail and to the right side of Tiger. (iv) Panther and Rose are together. 58. Which of the following statement is true? (A) (iii) and (iv) are contradicting (B) Either (iii) or (iv) is redundant (C) (iii) is redundant (D) (iv) is redundant Solution: From (ii) we get, Tiger _______ _______

Rose

_______

From (i) and the above arrangement we get, Tiger

Panther

Quail

Rose

Swan

Now if we use any one information among (iii) and (iv), we will get the following arrangement. Tiger Either redundant.

Quail

Panther

Rose (iii)

Choice (B)

Swan or

(iv)

is

59. ……… is on the extreme right and ……. is on the extreme left. (A) Tiger & Rose (B) Quail & Tiger (C) Swan & Tiger (D) Tiger & Swan Solution: From (ii) we get, Tiger _______ _______

Rose

_______

From (i) and the above arrangement we get, Tiger

Panther

Quail

Rose

Swan

Now if we use any one information among (iii) and (iv), we will get the following arrangement. Tiger left.

Quail

Swan is

Panther on

the

Rose

Swan

extreme

right

and Tiger is

on

the extreme Choice (C)

60. …….. is in the middle and ……. is on its right. (A) Panther & Swan (B) Rose & Swan (C) Panther & Rose (D) Quail & Panther Solution: From (ii) we get, Tiger _______ _______

Rose

_______

From (i) and the above arrangement we get, Tiger

Panther

Quail

Rose

Swan

Now if we use any one information among (iii) and (iv), we will get the following arrangement. Tiger

Quail

Panther is right. Choice (C)

Panther in

Rose the

Swan middle

and Rose is

SECTION – 3 QUANTITATIVE ABILITY (Questions 61 – 90) Direction: Question 61 is based on the following graph:

on

its

An investment consultant has plotted the graph between BSE Sensex and Indian inflation rate as below to better understand their relationship.

61. What is the coefficient of correlation between BSE Sensex and the Indian inflation rate? (A) −1000 (B) −1.05 (C) −1 (D) −2000 Solution: We see at a glance that as the inflation rate increases linearly, the BSE sensex linearly decreases. Therefore, the correlation coefficient is –1. Choice (C) Direction: Questions 62 and 63 are based on the following information:

The marketing team of a FMCG firm can sell Y units of shampoo packets at a price of

each. The total cost of producing Y shampoo packets is

.

The firm incurs an additional fixed cost of Rs. 100 in production and distribution. Assume that there are no other costs. 62. Find the number of shampoo packets that the firm should sell to maximize its profits? (A) 495 (B) 595 (C) 450 (D) 550 Solution:

Selling price of each packet (S) =

Cost of producing y packets = Addition fixed cost (Rs. F) = Rs.100. Revenue realised by selling y packets

=

∴ Profit (P) =

–F

For P to be maximum,

i.e

⇒ ⇒y 495.

= Choice (A)

63. If the fixed cost of production and distribution increases from Rs. 100 to Rs. 200, the optimal number of the shampoo packets to be sold will (A) increase (B) decrease (C) not change (D) cannot say Solution: In the above question if F = 200, instead of 100, there would be no change in the value of y for which P is maximum. Choice (C) 64. An artist has completed one fourth of a rectangular oil painting. When he will paint another 100 square centimeters of the painting, he would complete three quarters of the painting. If the height of the oil painting is 10 centimeters, determine the length (in centimeters) of the oil painting. (A) 15 (B) 20 (C) 10 (D) 25 Solution: Let the area of the painting be 4x cm2.

Given x + 100 = 3x ⇒ x = 50 and the area is 200.cm2. As the breadth in 10cm, 20cm. Choice (B)

the

length

in

65. The number of shoppers entering in a retail store in an hour is a good example of the random variable that follows: (A) Normal distribution (B) Binomial distribution (C) Poisson distribution (D) None of the above Solution: The number distribution.

of

shoppers

entering

a

retail

store

is

a

good example Choice (C)

of

Poisson

66. An investment firm wants to invest Rs. 30,000 into two different bonds. The first bond pays 5 percent interest per year and the second bond pays 7 percent interest per year. The firm wants to earn an annual interest of Rs.1800. Which of following equations in linear form is the correct representation of the firm’s decision problem? Assume that x 1 and x2 are the amount to be invested in first and second bond respectively

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D) Solution: The amounts to be invested in the first and second bonds are x1 and x2. The total interest has to be Rs.1800. ∴ x1 + x2 = 30,000 and 0.05x1 + 0.06x2 = 1800 These two equations are given in the matrix from in option C. Choice (C) 67. If Japanese Yen = 0.01 US Dollars, 100 US Dollars = 5000 Indian Rupees (INR), how many Japanese Yens are 100 INR? (A) 20 (B) 2000 (C) 200 (D) 500 Solution: Given that 0.01$ = ∴ 1$ = Also 100$ = ∴ 1$ = ∴ 50(INR) =

1Y 100Y 5000(INR) 50(INR) 100Y

and 100(INR)

= 200Y Choice (C)

68. The annual depreciation of a vehicle using straight line depreciation method is Rs. 2000. The salvage value of the vehicle at the end of 5 years is Rs. 1000. Determine the original value of the vehicle. (A) Rs.10,000 (B) Rs.5,000 (C) Rs.11,000 (D) Rs.12,000 Solution: Every year the value of the vehicle depreciates by Rs.2000. ∴ In 5 years it depreciates by Rs.10,000. The salvage value, i.e the value at the end of 5 years is Rs.1,000. ∴ The original value is Rs.11,000. Choice (C) 69. The firm uses the following function to calculate the production output (PO) : PC = 5.3C2L1.5, where C = capital invested and L = labor employed. If the capital invested (C) increases by 20 percent, the change in PO will be : (A) 20% decrease (B) 32% increase (C) 56% increase (D) 44% increase Solution: PO = 5.3C2L1.5 C increase by 20%, i.e to 1.2C. ∴ PO increases 44%. Choice (D)

to

1.44 PO or

it

increase

by

70. The third term of a finite series in Arithmetic Progression is 28. The sum of the first three terms is 54. The first term of the series is : (A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 18 (D) 2

8.

Solution: The third term of the AP = 28. The sum of the first 3 term is 54, i.e. the average (which is the second term) is 18. ∴ The first term

is

Choice (A) 71. A manual process requires 10 hours for an initial set up after which it takes 1 hour/unit to produce a product. To produce the same product, an automated process will take 25 hours for an initial set up after which it takes 0.5 hours/unit. If we want to produce a batch of 25 units, how many units should be produced by each process to minimize the total set up and production time? (A) 25 units by automated process, 0 units by manual process (B) 10 units by automated process, 15 units by manual process (C) 15 units by automated process, 10 units by manual process (D) 0 units by automated process, 25 units by manual process Solution: We need to minimize the total set up and production time. One interpretation is that we try to produce a total of 25 units at the earliest. We first consider this interpretation. Lets say x units are produced by manual process and 25 – x, by automated process. The time taken for the manual process (Tm) and that for the automatic process

(Ta) are given Tm = 10 + x and Ta = 25 + ∴ If the 25 terms are to be produced at the earliest Tm = Ta, i.e

10 + x = 25 +

⇒

.

We find that this option is not available among the choices. We should read the question again and consider if another interpretation is possible. The key words are "-------- the total set up and production time". Instead of thinking of getting 25 units at the earliest (and deploying the two processes concurrently) we think of the total time required for the two processes taken sequentially. (This quantity is also a significant indication of the cost to the manufacturer.) Once we consider this interpretation, we can solve the question as shown in the table below.

We see D Choice (D)

Choice

z

A C B D

0 10 15 25 that

Automatic 25 – x 25 15 10 0 Tm +

Ta in

Tm

Ta

0 37.5 20 32.5 25 30 35 0

Tm +Ta 37.5 52.5 55 35

minimum

for

Choice

72. Aman, Baman and Raman jointly invested Rs.60,000 in a small services firm. They decided to share the profits from this investment in the ratio of their investments. The firm had a very successful first year and recorded profits of Rs.1,00,000. Amar and Baman received Rs.40,000 and Rs.25,000 as their respective share of the profit. The respective investments of Amar, Baman, and Raman were: (A) 30,000; 10,000; 20,000 (B) 21,000; 15,000; 24,000 (C) 24,000; 15,000; 21,000 (D) 25,000; 12,000; 23,000 Solution: The data is tabulated below Amounts are in thousands of rupees. Investment A B R Total Profit share 40 25 35 100 To get the investment of any person, we multiply the profit share by 0.6 ∴ The respective investments of A, B, R are 24, 15, 21 (in thousands rupees). Choice (C)

of

Directions: Questions 73 and 74 are based on the following information: After a successful T20 cricket tournament, Indian Premier League (IPL) is interested in launching a new variant of One Day International cricket called T40 (forty overs a side game). Indian Cricket league (ICL, a rival league of IPL) also has similar thoughts. An independent agency conducted a survey of 1000 respondents to determine the consumer preference of IPL versus ICL, and preference of T20 versus T40. Unfortunately, some of the survey information is lost. Following information is available: i. 70 percent of the respondents prefer T20 over T40. ii. 80 percent of the respondents prefer IPL over ICL iii. 80 percent of those who preferred IPL preferred T20 over T40. 73. Determine the number of respondents who prefer both T20 and ICL. (A) 640 (B) 60 (C) 50 (D) 140

Solution: The data in the 3 statements in represented in the venn diagram below. The numbers given are percentage figures.

T40 T20

IPL 16 64 80

ICL 14 6 20

30 70

The underlined figures follow as conclusions. The 60.

number

of

respondents

who

prefer

both

T20

and

74. Determine the number of respondents who prefer T40 and IPL. (A) 160 (B) 60 (C) 640

ICL

is 6% of Choice (B)

1000

or

(D) 140

Solution: The data in the 3 statements in represented in the venn diagram below. The numbers given are percentage figures.

T40 T20

IPL 16 64 80

ICL 14 6 20

30 70

The underlined figures follow as conclusions. The number 160.

of

respondents

who

prefer both

T40

and

IPL is 16% Choice (A)

of

1000

or

75. Determine (A) tan x

(B) cot x

(C) sec x

(D) cos x

Solution:

(log sinx) =

= cotx.

= Choice (B)

Direction: Question 76 is based on the following information: The human resources department of a BPO firm encourages its employees to put in extra effort in order to improve the productivity. The department collected data on extra effort (E) put in by the employees in a particular month and the corresponding percentage increase in the productivity (O) of the employees. The data is shown below.

E

2

O 0.69

5

9

14

24

42

60

100

150

1.60

2.19

2.63

3.17

3.73

4.09

4.60

5.01

76. Suggest a mathematical function that will best fit the given data (A) O = a + bE a, b ≥ 0 (B) O = a log E a ≥ 0

0

(D)

(C) O = aeE a ≥

a, b ≥ 0

Solution: We should try to draw a fairly accurate graph.

We a≥ 0

see

that

O

varies

as

log

E

or

O

=

a

log

E

and

Choice (B)

Direction: Questions 77 and 78 are based on the following information: An automobile car assembly system consists of two independent subsystems: chassis assembly (C) and engine assembly (E). Based on the prior maintenance data, the following probabilities are available. The probability that C fails is 0.2. The probability that both C and E fail together is 0.15. The probability that E fails alone is 0.15. The event “C fails alone” implies that C fails when E is working and vice versa. 77. The probability that C fails when E has failed is (A) 0.5 (B) 0.2

(C) 0.3

(D) 1.0

Solution: There are two independent subsystems, C and E. (The events are not independent!) The data is tabulated below. E C

0.15

0.65

0.8

0.15

0.05

0.2

0.3

0.7

The underlined figures follow as conclusions.

The probability that C fails when E has failed = P

=

=

0.5

Choice (A) 78. The probability that C fails alone is (A) 0.3 (B) 0.2

(C) 0.15

(D) 0.05

Solution: There are two independent subsystems, C and E. (The events are not independent!) The data is tabulated below. E C

0.15

0.65

0.8

0.15

0.05

0.2

0.3

0.7

The underlined figures follow as conclusions. The 0.05.

probability

that

C

fails

alone

is

Choice (D)

79. An oil refinery produces 200 barrels of crude oil per day. The price (Rs/ barrel) of the crude oil ‘t’ days from now can be written as P (t) = 20 + 0.2(t)0.5. If the crude oil is sold as soon as it is produced, the total revenue R (t) earned by the refinery up to ‘t’ days from now can be written as: (A) R (t) = 4000t + (80/3) t1.5 + constant (B) R (t) = (20 + 0.2t0.5) 200 + constant (C) R (t) = (20 + 0.2t0.5) 200t + constant (D) R (t) = (20t2 + 0.2t0.5) 200 + constant Solution: The price per barrel, t days from now is p(t) = 20 + 0.2t0.5 The daily production is 200 barrels.

∴ R(t) = = constant

4000 Choice (A)

t

+

80/3t3/2 +

80. Calculate the values of x in the following equation: (A) −4, 9

(B) 4, 9

(C) 4, 8

(D) 7, 9

Solution:

=

⇒ y6 = If y ≠ –1, y ≠ 0, y ≠ 1

It follows that y6 =

9.

or x2 – 5x – 36 = 0 or (x + 4) (x – 9) = 0 i.e x

=

–

4

to

Choice (A) 81. The following probability distribution can be used to represent the waiting time of the customer in a bank (w):

for a ≤ w ≤ b = 0 otherwise The expected waiting time of the customer in the bank E (w) is:

(A)

(C) b − a

(B)

Solution: The probability distribution f(w) is a constant between a and b.

f(w) =

for a ≤ w ≤ b

Expected waiting time =

=

f(w)

(D)

= Choice (A) 82. The mean monthly salary paid to graduating MBA class of 2008 of a management institute is Rs. 16,000. The mean monthly salary paid to students with work experience is Rs. 18,000. The corresponding figure for the students without any work experience is Rs.12000. Determine the percentage of students with work experience and percentage of students without any work experience in the class of 2008. (A) 66.67% with work experience, 33.33% without work experience. (B) 33.33% with work experience, 66.67% without work experience. (C) 75% with work experience, 25% without work experience. (D) 25% with work experience, 75% without work experience. Solution:

Therefore, the ratio of the number of graduates without and with experience in 1 : 2. Percentage of students with work experience = 66.67% and percentage of students without experience = 33.33%. Choice (A) 83. A large private airline increased the price of their air tickets by 20 percent to compensate for the increase in airport charges. Due to increasing cost of Aviation Turbine Fuel, the airline had to increase further the price of the ticket by 30 percent. By approximately what percentage the ticket prices have gone up as a result of two price hikes by the airline. (A) 50% (B) 56% (C) 54% (D) 60% Solution: Let the initial cost be 100. It increased by 20% to 120. It then increased by 30% to 156. ∴ Net increase 56%. Choice (B)

84. Determine the sum of the infinite series in Geometric Progression:

(A) Solution:

(B) infinite

(C) 2

(D)

=

Let s =

.

–

+

–

………….. is an infinite GP with common ratio r = –

∴s

=

=

=

Choice (A) 85. In the data set {2, 5, 7, 8, X}, the arithmetic mean is same as the median. Determine the value of X. Assume X ≥ 8. (A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 13 (D) 15 Solution:

The arithmetic mean is

∴ 13.

or

. the median is 7 (∵x ≥ 8)

=7

⇒x

= Choice (C)

86. Historical sales data of a retail store indicate that 40 percent of all customers that enter the store make a purchase. Determine the probability that exactly two of the next three customers will make a purchase. (A) 0.388 (B) 0.667 (C) 0.400 (D) 0.288 Solution: The probability that a customer who entered the stare makes a purchase is 0.4. As the event of one customer making a purchase is independent of the event of any other customer making a purchase, the probability that 2 customers make a purchase and one doesn’t is (0.4)2 (0.6) The two of the three people can be selected in 3C2 or 3 ways. ∴ Required probability is 3 (0.4)2 (0.6) = 0.288. Choice (D) Directions: Questions 87 – 89 are based on the following information: A bank is in the process of formulating a loan policy for its customers. The maximum budget available for this policy is Rs. 10,00,000. The bank earns interest on the loan amount. However, some portion of the loan amount cannot be recovered and is classified as bad debt. The type of loan, interest rates, and percentage of bad debts are provided below: Types of Loan Personal Car Home

Interest Rate (%) 15 30 20

Bad Debt (%) 10 5 8

Let x1, x2 and x3 be the amount of loan allocated by the bank to personal, car and home loans respectively. 87. If the objective of the bank is to maximize the net return, the objective function of the bank can be written as:

(A) Maximize 0.15 (0.90)x2 + 0.30 (0.95)x2 + 0.20 (0.92)x3 − 0.10x1 − 0.05x2 − 0.08x3 (B) Maximize 0.15x1 + 0.30x2 + 0.20x3 − 0.10x1 − 0.05x2 − 0.08x3 (C) Maximize 0.15(0.90)x1 + 0.30(0.95)x2 + 0.20(0.92)x3 (D) None of the above Solution: To assess the 3 specific choices we need to consider the following two key sentence. “The bank earns interest on the loan amount. However some portion of the loan amount cannot be recovered and is classified as bad debt”. We will consider whatever is not bad debt to be good debt. Let the principal for the good and bad debts be P and Q and the corresponding interest be I and J. We can tabulate the 3 options in terms of these quantities. A. I – Q B. I + J – Q C. I We have to decide from the wording whether bad debt means only the principal (Q) is lost or even the corresponding interest (J) is also lost. Here, we consider that as Q cannot be recovered, even J cannot be recovered. So, A seem to be the best choice. Choice (A) 88. The following is one of the constraints of the bank: (A) x1 + x2 + x3 = 10,00,000 (B) x1 + x2 + x3 ≥ 10,00,000 (C) x1 + x2 + x3 < 10,00,000 (D) x1 + x2 + x3 < 10,00,000 Solution: The total amount available for disbursement is Rs.10, 00,000. ∴ x1 + x2 + x3 ≤ 10,00,000 is constraint. Choice (C)

one

of

the

89. Based on the data, the bank would wish to maximize the loan amount allocation to: (A) personal loan (B) car loan (C) home loan (D) none of the above Solution: For car loans, the percentage of bad debts in the minimum and the interest that the bank gets is the maximum. ∴ The bank should maximize the allocation to car loans. Ch oice (B) 90. The area of a circle whose center is at (2, 0) is π . The circle does not pass through the following point: (A) (2, −1) (B) (2, 1) (C) (3, 0) (D) (2, 2) Solution: The centre of the circle is (2,0) The radius is 1. ∴ It passing through 2). oice (D)

(2

–1)

(2,

1)

SECTION – 4 DATA INTERPRETATION (Questions 91 – 120)

(3,

0)

but

not

(2, Ch

Direction: Refer to the four pie charts relating to the sectoral composition of output and their respective share in employment in 1970 and 1994 and answer Questions 91 – 95:

91. Which of the following is FALSE: (A) While the share of agriculture in the GDP has come down, the share of services and industry has increased (B) Agriculture continues to be the predominant provider of employment in India (C) The share of employment is services has increased more than its share in GDP (D) None of the above Solution: The first two statements can be readily observed to be true, while the share of employment in services has increased by 8 (23 – 15) while its share of GDP has increased by 9 (42 – 33). ∴ Statement C is false. Choice (C) 92. Between 1970 and 1994 the Indian GDP, in Rupee terms (A) has increased only marginally in services (B) has increased most significantly for agriculture (C) has risen by more than 15 times for both services and industry (D) None of the above Solution: As Indian GDP in rupee terms has increased from approximately 42,000 crores to 570,000 crores, services and Industry whose shares increased in this period have risen by more than 15 times. Choice (C) 93. Between 1970 and 1994 the GDP of India in agriculture (A) decreased by 15% (B) increased by about 9 times (C) cannot be calculated based on the data given (D) None of the above Solution: The GDP of India in agriculture in 1970

=

≃ 18,900

The GDP of India in agriculture in 1994

= ∴ It times

× 57000 = 171000 has

increased

by

about

9

Choice (B)

94. In 1970 the contribution to GDP from services in rupee terms was (A) less than Rs. 10,000 crores (B) more than Rs. 15,000 crores (C) between Rs. 10,000 and 15,000 crores (D) None of the above Solution:

In 1970, the contribution of GDP from services was about ≃ 14000 crores

Choice (C)

95. In 1994 if the share of industry in output (GDP) was 30% instead of 28%, then in Rupee terms, it would have been (A) less than Rs. 100,000 crores (B) more than Rs. 200,000 crores (C) more than Rs. 150,000 crores (D) between Rs. 100,000 and Rs. 150,000 crores Solution:

Had the share been 30%, in rupee terms it would have been 171000 Choice (C) Direction: Question 96 – 100 are based on the following graph: Number of Out of School Children in Different Regions of the World from 2001 to 2006

=

96. Which of the following is FALSE (A) The number of children out of school in West and Central Africa has increased over the years (B) The number of children out of school in South Asia has come down over the years (C) The number of children out of school in the Middle East and North Africa region has increased over the years (D) None of the above Solution: It can be true.

easily

observed

that

all

of

statements

(A),

(B) and (C) Choice (D)

are

97. Which of the following TRUE: (A) Over the years the largest number of out of school children have been in Eastern and South African region (B) The smallest number of out of school children have been in the East Asia and Pacific region over the years (C) Over the years, the largest number of out of school children has been in the South Asian region (D) None of these Solution: From the graph it is clear that the largest number of out of school children has been in the South Asian region. Choice (C) 98. The ratio of out of school children in South Asia to those in West and Central Africa from 2001 to 2006 has become (A) higher (B) approximately half (C) marginally lower (D) none of the above Solution: The ratio which was nearly 2 in 2001 has become approximately 1, i.e. nearly became half. Choice (B) 99. From 2001 to 2003, which of the following options CANNOT be deducted from the graph? (A) Overall, the out of school children have gone up (B) In West and Central Africa the numbers of out of school children have remained almost the same over three years (C) The largest numbers of out of school children are in South Asia (D) None of the above Solution: All the statements (A), (B) and (C) can be observed to be true from the given graph. Choice (D) 100. The total number of children who did not go to school (A) increased from 112,000 to 120,100 from 2001 to 2006 (B) was over 120,000 in 2004 (C) peaked in 2003 (D) cannot be estimated from the above graph Solution: The total number of out of school children has increased from around 112,000 in 2001 to little over 120000 in 2006 Choice (A) Direction: Questions 101 – 106 are based on the following information: The results of a competitive exam, where candidates were tested on their knowledge in English, Science, Maths and Art are given. The shaded cels in the title row represent the range of marks secured and the columns below each such cell represent the number of candidates scoring within the specified range of marks.

Subject

Total Marks

81-100

71-80

61-70

51-60

41-50

31-40

21-30

11-20

0-10

English

100

0

1

4

85

730

4205

10885

9170

1920

Science

100

2

5

875

3350

6775

7778

5065

1800

1350

Maths

100

0

0

0

0

199

3400

15045

6975

1375

Art

50

0

0

0

0

220

2145

10140

11858

2637

101. The modal range for English is (A) 21-30 (B) 31-40

(C) 41-50

(D) 51-60

Solution: The modal range or the range in which the maximum number of students is present is 2130. Choice (A) 102. The subject in which the maximum number of candidates scored more than 30 marks in the examination is (A) English (B) Maths (C) Art (D) None of the above Solution: The subject in which the maximum number of candidates scored more than 30 marks is Science. Choice (D) 103. The total number of candidates who appeared for the exam, assuming that there were no absentees, are (A) more than 50,000 (B) 25,635 (C) 26,973 (D) 27,000 Solution: The total 27000

number

of

candidates,

adding

up

in

any

of

the four Choice (D)

104. The average marks scored in Art, rounded off to the tenth place, are (A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30

rows

is

exactly

(D) 40

Solution: The average marks scored in Arts, rounded off to the tenth place would be 20 as majority of the students have scored in the range of 11-20 and 21-30 Choice (B) 105. The subject in which average marks were the highest is (A) English (B) Science (C) Maths

(D) Art

Solution: It can be clearly seen from the table that the candidates have scored the highest average marks in science. Choice (B) 106. If securing over 40% is the qualifying criteria for each subject, the ratio of students who quality in Maths to those who qualify in Art is (A) 15 : 42 (B) 1 : 11 (C) 56 : 1 (D) 1 : 61 Solution: Students who qualified in Maths –– 199 + 6 = 225 Students who qualified in Arts –– 220 + 2145 + 10140 = 12505 The ratio is approximately 61.

Choice (D)

1

:

Direction: Questions 107 – 110 are based on the following passage: Deregulation and competition have reduced communication costs. The average cost of a three minute call to the United States fell from $ 4.00 in 1999 to $1.40 in 2004. Over that period, the share of people with access to the internet tripled. But diffusion of technology around the world and within countries is unequal. Average contracted capacity for international internet connections in developing economies grew from 3 bits per second per person in 2000 to 150 in 2006, still far short of the high income countries’ average, estimated at 5000. The internet capacity of low income (less developed) countries was lower than even the developing countries, at an average of 20 bits per second per person in 2006, and international voice traffic was less than 5% that of high income countries. With only 1 personal computer in 2006, South Asia lags behind other regions in access to personal computers. However, there are positive indications of change. Between 2000 and 2006, fixed line and mobile phone subscribers per 100 people increased from 3 per thousand to 150 per thousand. This growth was driven mainly by 7 fold increase in mobile phone subscribers. 107. Between 1999 and 2004, average calling costs to the United States fell by (A) approximately 65% (B) approximately 186% (C) approximately half (D) insufficient information Solution: The average calling cost in 1999 = $ 4 The average calling cost in 2004 = $ 1.40 ∴ The percentage reduction

= 65%

× 100

=

Choice (A)

108. In 2006, the contracted capacity for internet connections for developing economies (A) grew by 50% on per capita basis from its capacity in 2000 (B) was 3% of average contracted capacity of high income countries on per capita basis (C) grew 500 times the capacity in 2000 (D) was 3 bits per second Solution: The contracted capacity for internet connections for developing economies in 2006 = 150 The contracted capacity for internet connections for high income countries = 5000. 150 = 3% 5000 Choice (B)

of

109. For low income economies (A) internet capacity was 0.4% of the capacity of the capacity of high income countries in per capita terms (B) internet capacity was 20% of the capacity of developing countries in per capita terms (C) international voice traffic was 250 bits per second (D) share of people with access to the internet tripled over six years Solution:

20 = × 5000, i.e internet capacity was 0.4% of the capacity of high income countries in per capita terms. Choice (A)

110. During 2000 to 2006, in South Asia, access to telephones increased by (A) 7% (B) 7 times (C) 500 times (D) 4900% Solution: Access to telephones in 2000 = 3 per thousand Access to telephones in 2006 = 150 per thousand

Percentage increase =

= 4900%

× 100 Choice (D)

Direction: Questions 111 – 115 are based on the following information:

Values for the columns are represented on the left and values for the lines are represented on the right. Health and Population Parameters Year

All low Income Countries

South Asia

1990

2006

1990

2006

1747930

2419656

1120092

1499368

Life expectancy

57

60

59

64

Infant mortality rate

93

74

86

62

Under 5 mortality rate

143

112

123

83

Immunization

65

68

67

64

Contraceptive Prevalence

33

44

40

53

Population (in thousands)

111. In India, the infant mortality rate, under 5 mortality rate and DPT Immunization incidence (A) have been falling over the years (B) have been rising over the years (C) have been following different trends (D) None of the above Solution: Though infant mortality rate and under 5 mortality rate have been following the same trend, DPT immunization incidence has not been following any trend similar to the other two. Choice (C) 112. In 1990, contraceptive prevalence for India was (A) close to the South Asian average in 1990 (B) close to the low income countries’ average in 1990 (C) double the low income countries’ average in 2006 (D) exactly same as the South Asian average in 2006 Solution: The contraception prevalence in India in 1990 was 43 which is close to the South Asia average in 1990 Choice (A) 113. Under 5 mortality rate for low income countries in 1990 is (A) less than that of India for 1990 (B) less than of South Asia for 1990 (C) more than that of South Asia for 1990 by 10 per thousand births (D) more than that of South Aisa for 1990 by 20 per thousand births Solution: Under 5 mortality for low income countries in 1990 (143) is more than that of South Asia in 1990 (123) by 20 per thousand births Choice (D) 114. The growth rate of population in India between 1990 and 2006 was (A) much more than the growth rate of population in South Asia between 1990 and 2006 (B) almost same as the growth rate of population in Low income countries between 1990 and 2006 (C) much less than the growth rate of population in South Asia between 1990 and 2006 (D) much less than the growth rate of population in Low income countries between 1990 and 2006 Solution: The growth rate of population in India between 1990 and 2006 was approximately 30% which is much less than that for low income countries in the same period. Choice (D)

115. In 2006, infant mortality rate in South Asia (A) contributed to approximately half of the under 5 mortality rate in the same year (B) is not related to the under 5 mortality rate in the same year (C) contributed to approximately 75% of the under 5 mortality rate in the same year (D) contributed to approximately 85% of the under 5 mortality rate in 2006 Solution: In 2006, infant mortality rate in South Asia, which was 62, was approximately 75% of the under 5 mortality rate of 83. Choice (C) Direction: Questions 116 – 120 are based on the following information: Foreign Direct Investment Flows Outflows (Area of Origin) Year

1970

1980

1990

Inflows (Destination) 1970

1980

1990

High Income Countries (FDI as a percentage of total) USA

46

21

21.8

11.2

30

20

Europe

42.5

51.6

44.6

43.8

35.6

38.8

Japan

5.4

14

5.4

0.6

0.5

0.6

1

2.2

1

6

4.8

2.4

94.9

88.8

72.8

61.6

70.9

61.9

Oceania Total

Developing and Transition Countries (FDI as a percentage of total) Latin America

0.5

1

2.2

12.8

9

11

Africa

0.4

1.5

0.5

4.5

2.5

1.8

Asia

0.5

3.8

9.5

6.6

13

18.6

0

0

0.4

0

0.5

3

1.2

6.3

12.6

23.9

25

34.4

23.7

124.4

523.3

21

113.9

530.2

Eastern Europe Total World (in billion dollars) FDI

116. Amongst all the high income countries, the region / country which has the maximum share in FDI flows is (A) U.S.A (B) Europe (C) Japan (D) Oceania Solution: Amongst all the high income countries, Europe has the maximum share of FDI flows in each of the given years. Choice (B) 117. Amongst all the high income countries, the region / country which gained the most in terms of percentage points of net FDI inflows is (A) USA (B) Europe (C) Japan (D) Oceania Solution: Except Oceania, for other high income countries, the net inflow is negative. ∴ Oceania is the answer. Choice (D)

required

118. Based on the above table, which of the following statements is FALSE for the developing and transition countries

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Asia’s outflow in terms of percentage points is steadily increasing Asia has been the biggest gainer in terms of percentage points of FDI inflow Africa has been marginalized in the share of FDI flows Eastern Europe has not gained in net percentage points of FDI inflows

Solution: Eastern Europe has seen its share in net FDI inflow increase from 0 to 3% in the given period. Hence statement (D) is false Choice (D) 119. Based on the above table, which of the following statements is FALSE (A) FDI inflows into USA have risen by almost 45 times in two decades (B) Though outflows have risen for high income countries, inflows have risen even faster for them (C) Both outflows and inflows have risen for Asia (D) Oceania has become a net FDI provider to the world Solution: The outflow from Oceania was always less than the inflow into that region. ∴ Oceania never become a net FDI provider to the world. ∴ Statement (D) false Choice (D)

is

120. Based on the table, which of the following statements in TRUE (A) While inflows have increased for the developing and transition countries, outflows have decreased for them (B) Eastern Europe has not seen much growth of FDI inflows relative to other developing and transition counties (C) The greatest increase in net outflow has been for Eastern Europe (D) Though inflows have increased for the developing and transition countries, outflows have increased at a much faster rate Solution: The total value of world outflows and that of inflows have increased at nearly the same rate in the given period. For developing and transition countries outflows have increased from 1.2 to 12.6 percentage while inflows have increased from 23.9 to 34.4 percentage. ∴ Though inflows have increased, outflows have increased at a much faster rate. Choice (D)