Jazz Pop And Rock Test Review #1

Jazz Pop and Rock Test Review 9-21-07

Categories of Music 1.

Folk Music a. Express the life cycle/our experiences i. Example: Happy Birthday ii. Task: Elemental ethnicity iii. Creators: Compos er, writer iv. Intended for upperclass and intellectual v. Participation: everyone vi. Notation: passed down by word of mouth, never written down, lends itself to character change vii. Tone: realistic mode, explores the life cycle viii. Goal: continuity pass from generations

2.

Popular Music a. Serves as entertainment, commercial commodity, follows pattern i. Example: all music on radio ii. Task: Don’t step out of box, uses pattern already established. iii. Creators: Performer and creator iv. Intended for middle class v. Participation: most people vi. Notation: a mix of fine arts and folk vii. Tone: practical, reason for it, people’s living need in society viii. Goal: accessibility, need to make money

3.

Fine-Art Music a. Intended to be art, take us to a different place, brain is called into play, state of the art i. Example: ii. Task: Brain called to play, push the envelop iii. Creators: Anonymous iv. Intended for lowest class, which is getting smaller v. Participation: few, select people vi. Notation: symbolic musical notation, always written down vii. Tone: idealistic in all aspects viii. Goal: transcendence

African American music Heterogeneous Spectrum is so wide Based on African languages Create a sound that relates to them

Sound Ideal

Individuality required

European American music Homogeneous Narrowly defined Based on standard European beauty Tries to blend together, sound the same Loss of individuality

Emphasis Performer

Composer Emotional Content

High

Refined, if at all Sacred Music

Spiritual (authentic)

Hymn tune Secular Song

Parlor Song Ethiopian Song (minstrel)

Work song Rural blues Dance Music

schottische march Dance music of minstrel Formalistic movement with formalistic music

Ragtime (oral tradition) Classic ragtime Informal movement with informal music Structure

Always a little different Very little repetition Strophic variation

Same music, different words Always in repetition Melody and verses

Key Terms:

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Zeit Gest – A time ghost in German ACCULTUREATION – when two things fuse together creating something new Medium – what makes the music; instruments, voice, etc. Media – rock band, groups mediums together Genre – a meaningful category of music that people contribute to and have a set of conventions to go along with. There are a lot o variations inside genre but there are key underlying values that become traditions. Tradition of signifying – where the message deals with something underground. Symbolism. Minstrel Show – white performers putting on black face make-up to entertain white people. Basically, made fun of blacks. Ethiopian Song – “camp town lady sing this song… doodah doodah” Hymn Tune – music Hymn – words

CONSTRUCTION OF RACE CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER CONSTRUCTION OF RACE CONSTRUCTION OF JAZZ HISTORY

Key People:

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Stephen Foster – parlor/popular song Robert Johnson – made own guitar “crossroads” Leadbelly – blues, work song Lighten Hopkins – blues, back water blues, call and response Sister Rosetta Tharpe – spiritual black singer Mahalia Jackson – spiritual singer Boys Choir of Harlem – compromised spiritual singer Fisk Jubilee singers – Fisk university went around country and performed. Raised $ for buildings. Scott Joplin – Missouri’s man. From St. Louis, died penniless but RAGTIME GENIUS. Jellyroll – authentic ragtime Louis Morean Gotschalk – New Orleans. Touring pianist. Toured the world, played own music “Bombula” Syndney Bechet – Jazz, clarinet and saxophonist. Used his horn to tell story. Buddy Bolden – influential trumpet player… no recordings King Joe Oliver – trumpet player, standing on shoulder of Buddy. Has recordings. Louis Armstrong – revolutionized early Jazz and trumpet player!! SCAT!!

Origins of Jazz: 1. Jazz was born in New Orleans. Then when they closed the main Jazz area in New Orleans, the music crept up the Mississippi river up to Chicago, St. Louis and other place. 2. Jazz was accumulating in ever major African American city (Philly, St. Louis, Chicago). 3. There was music stewing in ever major city, but main city was New Orleans and spread from there. We believe this because almost all early jazz artists are from New Orleans. New Orleans: 1. Geological location  seaport = lots of young men looking for entertainment. a. Hot temperature, sensual sensations, crossroads of many different cultures 2. Culture – French, then owned by Spanish back to French and then to US. So they inherited the French attitude and Spanish slavery **PLACE CONGO** 3. Party life – French loved pleasure and loved to party. If it feels good, do it. 4. Interest in having a mistress – French idea… mainstream men took beautiful AA women as their mistress. Put them up, raised their children. FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR. French education, prominent AA in New Orleans 5. Emphasis of being a member of secret society – party when alive, celebrate elaborate death. 6. Night Life District – centralized in one location, convenience and control. Music lubricated all of the vices (prostitution, gambling, alcohol). Incredible opportunity for musicians. Many musicians got their instruments from pawnshops. 7. Jim Crowe – Laws … whites trying to take power back. If you have one drop of black blood, you are black. People who had an AA education and people who had an EA education were put in one category, causing them to come together in music. Term “Jazz”: concept of blues had to be transformed into an instrumental tradition before Jazz could emerge. Noun and a verb. - James - Prostitutes wearing Jasmine perfume - ORGASM!

Early New Orleans Jazz: - prototype  dance music : MARCHING BAND (when the saints go marching in) - functional music - polyphonic  many voices - performed by small combo (group). One performer per instrument. - Distribution of labor o Melody: clarinet, trumpet, trombone o Rhythm: tuba (base line), banjo/piano (harmony), drum (beat) - Oral Traditions Importation Dates: 1913 First Printed “Jazz” in San Fran 1917 First recorded “jazz” music by white guys

Reasons Jazz Starts to Decline During 1920s 1. Jelly Roll became first composer of jazz a. Told people in his group to play specific things at certain times. b. First time calculation can be found in performance. 2. Idea of Breaks a. Moments in performance where everyone stops and one musician leads the rest into the next section. 3. Louis Armstrong a. First star of jazz… GENIUS!!! b. More solo less polyphonic c. Less collective improvisation more into a single improv soloist 4. Idea of Perfection a. In music quality of perfection is where everything is right. 5. Never can be viewed solely as folk music or entertainment music. Now considered one of the top forms of music.