Islam The Religion Of Ease

tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf(bk&m;oQif)u vlom;rsm;twGuf/ vlom;wdk‹.yifudkp&dkufESifh toifhawmfqkH;tjzpf a±G;cs,fay;xm;aomomoemonf tpPvmrfomoemyifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu t&Sifjrwf. omoemawmfudk vlom;rsm;vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif t vG,fulqkH;jzpfatmif pDpOfowfrSwfay;xm;awmfrl.? tpPvmrfbmomY vlom;wdk‹.b0 &Sifoefa&;wGif usOf;usyfatmif uef‹owfxm;aom 0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;tm;vkH;udk &kwfodrf; vdkufavonf? vlom;wdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDcsufudk &,latmif pl;prf;a&G;cs,f&if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkomv#if tm;udk; tm;xm;rSDcdkI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfay;xm;aomuH-urRmudk vufcHoabmwl&ef tpPvmrfomoemu oif-um;ay;onf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tpOf rjywfoem;-uifemawmfrlxaom r[mu&k%mawmf&SifjzpfI tpOftjrJcGifhv$wfawmfrl aomt&Sif jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom olawmfpOfrsm;twGuf tppt&m &mudk &nf&G,fcsuftjynfht0jzifh zefqif;xm;awmfrlavonf? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyf odrf;udk pdk;rdk;pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom teEWwefcdk;tmEkabmf&Sifvnf; jzpfayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf rdrdcsrSwf ay;oem;awmfrlaom omoemonf vG,fulonfhtjyif xdkomoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹twGuf tppt&m&m udk vG,fulaponf[k rdef‹qdkxm;avonf? “igt&Sifjrwfonf toifhtm; vG,fulaom&S&Dtwfw&m;vrf;pOfudk (vdkufemusifhokH;&ef) vG,fulapawmfrlrnf?” (pl&m tvftvm 87;8) “‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹.zcif(eADwrefawmf) tDAf&m[Drf.omoemenf;wl toifwdk‹tay:Yvnf; ‘'Def’omoemawmfY rnfonfhusyfwnf;cJ,Of;r+wpfpkHwpf&mudkr#yif jyKawmfrrlcJhacs?” (pl&m tvf[*sf 22;78) u|Ekfyfwdk‹.wrefawmfrk[rR'f(qGv†v†m[ktvdkifa[h0pvfvrf)u Ttm,wfawmf rsm;t& u|Ekfyfwdk‹ omoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif “omoemonf vG,fulapjcif;jzpf onf?” (blcg&Dusrf;)[k rdef‹-um;awmfrlcJhayonf? “vlrsm;twGuf t&m&mrSm vG,fulatmifjyK-uyg? olwdk‹twGuftcuftcJjzpfatmif rjyK-uygESifh? r*Fvmowif;rsm;jzifh olwdk‹udk udk,fpdwfat;csrf;om,mapyg? olwdk‹udk jiif; y,fyxkwfjcif; rjyK-uukef?” (blcg&Dusrf;) TpmtkyfwGif/ wrefawmfjrwf(qG). oGefoifcsuft&/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. omo emonf rnfr#vG,fulaomomoemjzpfa-umif; u|Efkyfwdk‹owd&ap&ef Ed+;aqmfxm;ayonf? xdk‹aemuf tpPvmrfomoemonf vlom;rsm;twGuf/ vlom;wdk‹.yifudkp&dkufESifh toifh awmfqkH;jzpfa-umif;/ vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif oufaomifhoufom &Sdonfhtjyif om,m&$if vef;jcif;&Sda-umif;udkvnf; az:jyxm;onf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfrS udk,fusifhw&m;t wdkif; aexkdifjcif;onf vl‹b0twGuf taumif;qkH;jzpfa-umif;vnf; az:jyxm;ygonf?

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Tpmtkyfudk [m&Gef,[f,m[laom uavmiftrnfjzifha&;om;ol pma&;q&m-uD;onf/ wl&uDEdkifiH tefum&mjrKdŒY 1956ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhI/ tefum&mjrKdŒwGifyif txufwef; ausmif;ynmoif,lcJh avonf? tpPwefblvfjrKdŒ&Sd rDrm&fqDeefwuUodkvfwGif0dZ…mbmom &yfudk qufvufqnf;yl;um 0dZ…mbGJ‹ESifhr[m0dZ…mbGJ‹udkqGwfcl;cJhav onf? xdk‹aemuf tpPwefblvfwuUodkvfrS '\eduaA'bmom&yfjzifh yg&*lbGJ‹udk qGwf cl;cJhavonf? 1980ckESpfrSpI EdkifiHa&;odyH`bmom&yf/ odyH`bmom&yfESifh ,kH-unfcsufqdkif &mta&;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh pmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhayonf? tDAdkvl;&Sif; ac: wpfpwpfpqifhuJajymif;vJjzpfay:jcif;tawG;tac:0g'Drsm;.ta,mifaqmif vdrfvnfr+ESifh ‚if;wdk‹.tcdkiftrmtqdkjyKcsufrsm;onf usKd;a-umif;qDavsmfr+r&Sda-umif;tjyif/ 'g0if0g' ESifhwuG urBmay:wGif aoG;acsmif;pD;apcJhonfh zufqpf0g'ESifh uGefjrLepf0g'wdk‹udk aemuf uG,frSaeI qufpyfay;aeolwdk‹ta-umif;udk pmtkyfaygif;rsm;pGma&;om;I az:xkwfcJhav onf? [m&Gef,[f,m. pmtkyfrsm;onf/ urBmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd pmzwfoly&d\wfu -udKufESpfouf jcif;&Sdonfhtjyif/ tajrmuftjrm;aom yk*~dKvfwdk‹udk tpPvmrfomoemodk‹ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd vmapI olwdk‹. tDrmef,kH-unfcsufudkvnf; ydkrdkcdkifrmap&mwGif ta&;ygvSayonf? [m &Gef,[f,m.pmtkyfrsm;onf uav;/ vl-uD;/ vli,fvl&G,f/ vlrsdK;ra&G; pdwf0ifpm;-uo jzifh tus,fw0ifh zwf±+-uayonf? pmzwfoltm; tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfwnf&Sda-umif;/ xdkt&Sifjrwfonf wpfyg;wnf;aomt&Sifjrwfjzpfa-umif;/ xdkt&Sifjrwf vrf;n$efonfht wdkif; aexdkifoifha-umif; ponfhta&;-uD;onfhtcsuftajrmuftrsm;udk pOf;pm;qifjcif awG;awm&ef t"duxm;I wdkufwGef;Ed+;aqmfxm;.?

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4

ISLAM: THE RELIGION OF EASE

tpPvmrfonf vG,fulaom omoemjzpf. tv†[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tbdk‹ oufomacsmifcsdr+udk tvdk&Sdawmfrlayonf? toifwdk‹tbdk‹ cufcJr+udkum; vdkvm;awmfrlonfr[kwfacs? (pl&m[f tvfbuf&m[f 2;185) a&;ol

[m±Gef ,[f,m (Harun Yahya)

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tvDwef*Gef; rS ukodkvfjzpf jrefrmbmomjyefqdkonf? 2007ckESpf ZGefv 29 &ufae‹

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pma&;olta-umif; (About the Author)

Tpmtkyfudk [m&Gef,[f,m[laom uavmiftrnfjzifha&;om;ol pma&;q&m-uD;onf/ wl&uDEdkifiH tefum&mjrKdŒY 1956ckESpfwGif arG;zGm;cJhI/ tefum&mjrKdŒwGifyif txufwef; ausmif;ynmoif,lcJhavonf? tpPwefblvfjrKdŒ&Sd rDrm&fqDeefwuUodkvfwGif0dZ…mbmom&yf udk qufvufqnf;yl;um 0dZ…mbGJ‹ESifhr[m0dZ…mbGJ‹udkqGwfcl;cJhavonf? xdkaemuf tpPwef blvfwuUodkvfrS '\eduaA'bmom&yfjzifh yg&*lbGJ‹udk qGwfcl;cJhavonf? 1980ckESpfrSp I EdkifiHa&;odyH`bmom&yf/ odyH`bmom&yfESifh ,kH-unfcsufqdkif&mta&;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh pmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om;xkwfa0cJhayonf? tDAdkvl;&Sif;ac:wpfpwpfpqifhuJajymif;vJjzpfay: jcif;tawG;tac:0g'Drsm;.ta,mifaqmifvdrfvnfr+ESifh ‚if;wdk‹.tcdkiftrmtqdkjyKcsuf rsm;onf usKd;a-umif;qDavsmfr+r&Sda-umif;tjyif/ 'g0if0g'ESifhwuG urBmay:wGif aoG; acsmif;pD;apcJhonfh zufqpf0g'ESifh uGefjrLepf0g'wdk‹udk aemufuG,frSaeI qufpyfay;aeol wdk‹ta-umif;udk pmtkyfaygif; rsm;pGma&;om;I az:xkwfcJhavonf? ol.uavmiftrnfonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfr+wGif twdkuftcHvkyfcJh&mY ausmf-um;aom wrefawmfESpfyg;jzpfonfh [m&Gef(tm&Gef)ESifh ,[f,m(a,m[ef)wdk‹.t rnfESpfckudk aygif;pyfxm;aomtrnfjzpfayonf? Tpmtkyf.rsufESmzkH;rsm;wGifygonfh wrefawmfjrwf.wHqdyfonf pmtkyftwGif;&Sdta-umif;tcsufrsm;ESifh qufpyfvsuf &Sdaeyg onf? aemufqkH;usrf;awmfjrwfjzpfonfh uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfESifh aemufqkH;wrefawmf jrwfjzpfonfh rdk[rR'f(qGv†v†m[k tvdkif;a[h0qv†rf)wdk‹udk udk,fpm;jyKxm;jcif;jzpfay.? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfESifh qGEMwf(wrefawmfjrwf.-o0g'usifhpOf)rsm;.oGefoifcsuft&/ bk&m;rJh0g'wdk‹.tajccHa&aomufjrpftcsuftvufrsm;udk oufaoom"ursm;ESifhtwl acs yacszsufI/ bmomt,l0g'rsm;udk wm;jrpfpGyfpGJaomtoHrsm;udk wdwfqdwfoGm;apygonf? ynmhtvif;udk&&SdI yuwdjynfhpkHaumif;rGefaom tusifhoduQmESifhudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;jzifh jynfhpkHonfh aemufqkH;wrefawmfjrwf. wHqdyfawmfudktokH;jyKI xdkbk&m;rJh0g'Dwdk‹. toHudk wdwfqdwfoGm;apjcif;jzpfygonf? [m&Gef,[f,ma&;om;onfhpmayrsm;onf/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf.owif;rSm-um;csuf rsm;udk ydk‹oay;I/ pmzwfolwdk‹udk ,kH-unfcsufESifhoufqdkifonfh tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; udk pOf;pm;qifjcifokH;oyfjcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfwnf&Sda-umif;ESifh xdkt&Sifjrwfonf wpfyg;wnf;aomt±Sifjrwf jzpfawmfrla-umif;udk od&Sd-uI/ azgufjyefaombk&m;rJhtawG; tac:rsm;. usKd;a-umif;cdkifvkHr+r&Sdonfh tajccHrsm;udkaz:xkwfjyo&efom t"duyef;wdkif jzpfayonf? [m&Gef,[f,ma&;om;onfhpmtkyfrsm;udk tdEdN,EdkifiHrStar&duefEdkifiHtxd/ t*FvefEdkifiHrS tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHtxd/ ydkvefEdkifiHrS abmhpeD;,m;EdkifiHtxd/ pydefEdkifiHrSb&mZD;vfEdkifiHtxd/ p ojzifh urBmtESH‹tjym;rS pmzwfy&d\wfwdk‹ zwf±+-uygonf? t*Fvdyf/ jyifopf/ *smref/ pydef/ tDwvD/ ay:wl*D/ tl&'l/ tm&AsD/ tvfab;eD;,ef;/ &k&Sm;/ qmbdk=c&dktuf/ ydkvef/

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rav;/ tGD*k&f/ wl&uDESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;bmompum;rsm;jzifh jyefqdkxm;onfudkvnf; zwf±+Edkif ygonf? Tpmtkyfonf jrefrmbmomjzifh jyefqdkonfh 'kwd,pmtkyfjzpfygonf? [m&Gef,[f,m. pmtkyfrsm;onf/ urBmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd pmzwfoly&d\wf. -udKufESpfouf jcif;&Sdonfhtjyif/ tajrmuftjrm;aom yk*~dKvfwdk‹udk tpPvmrfomoemodk‹ jyefvnfa&muf&Sd vmapI olwdk‹. tDrmef,kH-unfcsufudkvnf; ydkrdkcdkifrmap&mwGif ta&;ygvSayonf? ol. pmom;rsm;onf Om%ftajrmftjrifESifhjynfhpkHI &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfhtjyif/ em;vnf oabmaygufvG,faom a&;enf;a&;[efrsm;jzpfum/ zwf±+ol.todw&m;udk vG,fulpGm yGifhvif;apygonf? TpmtkyfwGifa&;om;xm;aomtcsufrsm;onf/ &kyf0g'tawG;tac: rsm;udk vsifjrefxda&mufpGmacsyxm;jcif;rsm;jzifh pDukH;xm;aoma-umifh/ Tpmtkyfrsm;udk tav;teufxm;olwdk‹onfvnf; bk&m;rJh0g'ESifhtwl tjcm;azgufjyefaomtawG;tac: rsm;udk qufvufaxmufcH-uawmhrnfr[kwfay? tu,fI qufvufaxmufcHae-u ao;aomfvnf;/ wrifoufoufayuyfaejcif;omjzpfayvdrfhrnf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ Tpmtkyfrsm;onf xdkuJhodk‹aom tawG;tac:rsm;udk ‚if;wdk‹.tajccH&m tkwfjrpfrsm;rS pwifI vSefvdkufjcif;a-umifh jzpfygonf? ,ae‹vuf&SdtcsdefwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk jiif;y,faomv+yf&Sm;r+rsm;tm;vkH;onf/ [m&Gef,[f,m.pmtkyfrsm;a-umifh tawG;tac: t& ppfa&;±+H;edrfhoGm;-ujyD;jzpfonf? ,if;&v'frsm;onf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&SdOm%ftvif;ESifh ,if;.&Sif;vif;jywfom;r+ rsm;a-umifhjzpfonfrSm ,kHrSm;oHo,r&SdEdkifawmhay? pma&;olonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. vrf;rSefudk trsm;vlom;rsm;&SmazGpl;prf;&mwGif taxmuftuljzpfap&ef &dk;om;aom apw emt&if;cH &nf&G,fcsufxm;&Sdygonf? Tpmtkyfrsm;udk a&;om; xkwfa0aomvkyfief;wGif rnf onfh&kyf0wˆKtjrwftpGef;udkr# ar#mfudk;jcif;tvsif;r&Sdyg? Tpmtkyfrsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;zwf±+&ef tm;ay;ulnD&if;/ ‚if;wdk‹udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. opPm&Sdaomaus;u|efrsm;jzpfvmatmif olwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;om;rsm;udkzGifhay;I tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf.vrf;pOfodk‹ ac:aqmifoGm;Edkifolwdk‹onf wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifavmufatmif -uD;us,faom tusKd;aqmifolrsm;yifjzpfayonf? ,QKtcsdefwGif vlrsm;.pdwfudk Za0Z0g±+yfaxG;apI/ olwdk‹.pdwfxJ&Sd 'Gd[oHo,jzpfaejcif; rsm;udkxda&mufpGm &Sif;vif;apEdkifjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif cdkifvkHaomoufaoom"ursm;r&Sdonfh ±+yfaxG;aomtawG;tac:qDodk‹ OD;aqmifoGm;Edkifrnfhpmtkyfrsm;udk jzef‹a0jcif;onf tv[ \tcsdefjzKef;aejcif;omv#ifjzpfaeygvdrfhrnf? vltrsm;tm; tDref,kH-unfr+aysmufuG,fae jcif;rSu,fwifvdkonfhrGefjrwfaom&nf&G,fcsuftpm;/ pma&;ol. pmaytpGrf;udkjy&efudk om t"duxm;onfhpmtkyfrsm;onf xda&mufr+r&SdEdkifay? Ttcsufudk oHo,jzpfol wdkif;onf [m&Gef,[f,m. pmtkyfwGif/ tDref,kH-unfr+uif;rJhjcif;udkcsKd;ESdrfausmfv$m;I uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. oif-um;csufusifhpOfwefzdk;rsm;udkomt"duxm; jzef‹jzL;onfudk -unfhI/ pdwf&Sif;oGm;Edkifygonf? TtusKd;aqmifcsuf.atmifjrifr+onf pmzwfolwdk‹. cH,lcsuf tay:wGif o&kyfouefay:vGifvmrnfomjzpf.? ,ae‹urBmay:wGif &ufpuf-urf;-uKwfr+/ oabmxm;uGJvGJr+a-umifh&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufyËdyuQ jzpfae-ujcif;ESifhtwl vltrsm;-uKHawG‹ae-u&onfh tjcm;'kuQqif;&Jjcif;taygif;wdk‹onf/ 8

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfjiif;y,fonfh tawG;tac:rsm;v$rf;rdk;r+a-umifhjzpfonfudk ta&;-uD;qkH;tcsuftjzpf rSwfom;xm;&efvdktyfygonf? xdk'kuQyifv,frS vGwfajrmufEdkif &efrSm tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tHhzG,frcef;aom zef;qif;jcif;udk owdw&m;&&Sd-ujyD; xdkt&Sif jrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif oif-um;ydk‹csxm;aom usifh0wfw&m;a'oemawmfrsm; udk jzef‹csdjcif;jzifh rdpm>'dXdtawG;tac:udk qkH;cef;wdkifacszsufypf&efvdktyfayonf? vuf&Sd urBmhtajctaeudk -unfhvdkufygu/ t-urf;zufjcif;rsKd;pkHESifh azgufjyefr+yËdyuQtrsKd;rsKd;odk‹ omv#if a&SŒ±+OD;wnfvsuf&Sdaeojzifh/ tcsdefraESmif;rD tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.a'oemawmfudk xda&mufpGmESifh vsifjrefpGmydk‹csjzef‹a0&ef vdktyfaea-umif; xif&Sm;aeayonf? ,if;-uKd;yrf;csufwGif/ [m&Gef,[f,ma&;om;aom pmtkyfrsm;onf a&SŒwef;rSyg0ifvsuf&Sd ayonf? tif&Smtv†m[f (tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftvdkawmf&Sdygu)/ ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkESpf&Sd urBm olurBmom;rsm;onf/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif uwdu0wfjyKxm;onfhtwdkif; jidrf;csrf; r+/ w&m;r#wr+ESifh om,maysmf&$ifr+rsm;udk &&Sdatmifay;aqmif&mwGif Tpmtkyfrsm;rS wpfqifh &±Sdaom todw&m;rsm;u wpfpdwfwpfa'otjzpf yg0ifEdkifygvdrfhrnf?

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ISLAM: THE RELIGION OF EASE

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ed'gef;?(Introduction) tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf(bk&m;oQif)u vlom;rsm;twGuf/ vlom;wdk‹.yifudkp&dkufESifh toifhawmfqkH;tjzpf a±G;cs,fay;xm;aomomoemonf tpPvmrfomoemyifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu t&Sifjrwf. omoemawmfudk vlom;rsm;vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif t vG,fulqkH;jzpfatmif pDpOfowfrSwfay;xm;awmfrl.? tpPvmrfbmomY vlom;wdk‹.b0 &Sifoefa&;wGif usOf;usyfatmif uef‹owfxm;aom 0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;tm;vkH;udk &kwfodrf; vdkufavonf? vlom;wdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDcsufudk &,latmif pl;prf;a&G;cs,f&if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkomv#if tm;udk; tm;xm;rSDcdkI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfay;xm;aomuH-urRmudk vufcHoabmwl&ef tpPvmrfomoemu oif-um;ay;onf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tpOf rjywfoem;-uifemawmfrlxaom r[mu&k%mawmf&SifjzpfI tpOftjrJcGifhv$wfawmfrl aomt&Sif jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom olawmfpOfrsm;twGuf tppt&m &mudk &nf&G,fcsuftjynfht0jzifh zefqif;xm;awmfrlavonf? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyf odrf;udk pdk;rdk;pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom teEWwefcdk;tmEkabmf&Sifvnf; jzpfayonf? jzpfysufor#udpPt00udk pdk;rdk;xdef;odrf;pDrHvsuf&Sdaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk csOf; uyfrdwfzGJ‹jcif;onf vlom;wpfa,muf.b0wGif awG‹-uHK&onfhtcuftcJ pdk;&drfa-umifh-u r+ a-umuf&GHŒr+rSefor#udk qkH;cef;wdkifyaysmufapjcif; rnfayonf? TomoemtwGif; ae xdkifjcif;.ta&;-uD;qkH;tcsufrSm xdkt&Sifjrwfay;xm;aom vSyvG,fulaom omoemh abmiftwGif;Y touf&Sifaexdkifjcif;yif jzpfayonf? xdk‹jyif xdktv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf rdrd .trdef‹rsm;udk vlwdk‹.yifudkp&dkuftajctaersm;ESifh udkufnDI usyfwnf;cJ,Of;r+ r&Sdap atmif pDpOfxm;avonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf rdrdcsrSwf ay;oem;awmfrlaomomoemonf vG,fulonfhtjyif xdkomoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹ twGuf tppt&m&mudk vG,fulaponf[k rdef‹qdkxm;avonf? xdkrSwyg; igt&Sifjrwfonf toifhtm; wjznf;jznf; vG,fulr+odk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlrnf? (0g) “igt&Sifjrwfonf toifhtm; vG,fulaom&S&Dtwfw&m;vrf;pOfudk (vdkufemusifhokH;&ef) vG,fulapawmfrlrnf?” (pl&m tvftvm 87;8) “‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹.zcif(eADwrefawmf) tDAf&m[Drf.omoemenf;wl toifwdk‹tay:Yvnf; ‘'Def’omoemawmfY rnfonfhusyfwnf;cJ,Of;r+wpfpkHwpf&mudkr#yif jyKawmfrrlcJhacs?” (pl&m tvf[*sf 22;78) u|Ekfyfwdk‹.wrefawmfrk[rR'f(qGv†v†m[ktvdkifa[h0pvfvrf)u Ttm,wfawmf rsm;t& u|Ekfyfwdk‹omoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif “omoemonf vG,fulapjcif;jzpf onf?” (blcg&Dusrf;)[k rdef‹-um;awmfrlcJhayonf?

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omoemwGifouf0if,kH-unfI vdkufemusifhokH;&mwGif cufcJr+rsm;jzifh jynfheufae onf/ xdktcuftcJrsm;onfvnf; ppfrSefaomomoemhusifhpOfrsm;jzpfonf[k vltrsm;u xifjrif,lqatmif omoemudkaoGjznfjiif;qefol umzd&frGwf&S&dcf(wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk &m;rsm;udk udk;uG,fol)wdk‹u tjcm;olwdk‹udk omoemrSuif;uGmoGm;ap&eftwGuf jznfhpGuf xm;onfh tcsufrsm;jzpfayonf? tcsKdŒaomolwdk‹onf ,if;tcsufrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH; jcif;tm;jzifh vltrsm;u rdrdtm; omoemudktvGefudkif;±+dif;oltjzpf vufcH-u&eftwGuf bef;jy&eftvdk‹iSg xdkcufcJr+rsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;-uonf? odk‹aomfvnf; u|Ekfyfwdk‹. wrefawmfrk[rR'f(qG)u udk,fawmfjrwf.tyg;awmfom0ursm;tm; omoemudkvdkufem usifhokH;&mwGif “ydkrdkvG,fulatmif”jyK-u&ef rdef‹-um;cJhavonf? xdk‹a-umifh ajzmifhrwfrSef uefaom rGwfpvifrsm;taejzifh ,if;omoemhpnf;urf;rsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.trdef‹ tjzpfomv#if vdkufemusifhokH;-uI vG,fulaomt&mrsm;udk cufcJatmifzefwD;um xkdcuf cJr+.qdk;usKd;udk cHpm;atmifrjyKoifha-umif; oGefoifqkH;rcJhavonf? TudpPESifhywfoufI wrefawmfjrwf(qG). jrGwf-um;csuf ['DqfrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf?

“vlrsm;twGuf t&m&mrSm vG,fulatmifjyK-uyg? olwdk‹twGuftcuftcJjzpfatmif rjyK-uygESifh? r*Fvmowif;rsm;jzifh olwdk‹udk udk,fpdwfat;csrf;om,mapyg? olwdk‹ udk jiif;y,fyxkwfjcif; rjyK-uukef?” (blcg&Dusrf;) TpmtkyfwGif wrefawmfjrwf.oGefoifcsuft& tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. omoemt wGif; rnfr#vG,fulpGm vdkufemusifhokH;aexdkifEdkifa-umif;udk owday;xm;ygonf? xdk‹tjyif tpPvmrfomoemonf vltrsm;.yifudkp&dkufESifhudkufnDpGm oufomacsmifcsdI om,maysmf &$ifaomb0tjzpfaexdkifEdkifa-umif;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aomb0usifhpOfonf vlom;rsm;twGuf taumif;qkH; toifhawmfqkH;jzpf a-umif;udkvnf; &Sif;jyxm;ygonf?

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uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf vG,fulr+twGuf vrf;n$efjzpf.? The Qur'an, A Guide To What Is Easy igt&Sifjrwfonf toif twd'kuQcHpm;tHhaomiSm toifhtay:0,f uk&ftmefusrf; jrwfudk csay;oem;awmfrlcJhonf r[kwfay? pifppfrSmrlum; (Tuk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf igt&Sifjrwftm;) a-umuf±GHŒ&dkao aomol.tzdk‹ qkH;r-o0g'yif jzpfayonf? (pl&mwGm[m 20;2=3) vlom;rsm;tm;vkH; trSefw&m;udkawG‹&SdI yuwdtrSefw&m;odk‹a&muf&Sdum "rRa' oemrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;Edkifrnfh omoemhqdkif&m todw&m;ajrmfjrifr+rsm;udk &&Sd-u&eft vdk‹iSm/ vl‹ordkif;wpfav#mufvkH;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu usrf;*efrsm;udkydk‹cscJhonfhtjyif/ xdkusrf;*efrsm;udk &Sif;jyrnfhwrefawmfrsm;udkvnf; apv$wfcJhavonf? xdkusrf;*efrsm; teuf vlom;wdk‹udk vrf;!$efjyoay;&ef aemufqkH;ydk‹csay;cJhaomusrf;*efonf uk&ftmef usrf;awmfjrwfyif jzpfayonf? Tta-umif;&yfESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;wGif Todk‹rdef‹ qdkxm;ayonf? a±S;txufausmfumvY vlcyif;wdk‹tbdk‹ w&m;"rRtjzpf “awmf&mwf”usrf;jrwfESifh “tif *sDvf”usrf;jrwfudkvnf; xkwfjyefydk‹csawmfrlcJhavjyD? xdkrSwyg;wkH t&Sifjrwfonf trSm;t rSefudk cJGjcm;odpGrf;Edkifapaomt&mudkvnf; csay;oem;awmfrlcJhacsjyD? rkcs{uef tv†m[ft ±Sifjrwf. oufaoom"u vuQ%m&yfrsm;udk r,kHr-unf aoGznfjiif;y,f-uaom olwdk‹ tbdk‹ jyif;xefaom jypf'%fonf toifh&Sd.? ta-umif;rlum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tmEkabmfjzifh v$rf;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ wkH‹jyefvufpm;acsawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmf rlayonf? (pl&m tmavhtDrf&mef 3;4) uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf.tvsifumvrsm;Y ydk‹csay;cJhaomusrf;*efrsm;udk omoem qef‹usifa&;orm;rsm;ESifh ewfa'0gtajrmuftjrm;udk,kH-unfudk;uG,folwdk‹u jyifqif ajymif;vJvdkuf-uavjyD? xdkusrf;*efrsm;wGif t,lonf;r+rsm; rrSefuefaom t,ltqrsm; jzifh jznfhpGufajymif;vJxm;-uavonf? odk‹aomfvnf; tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu aemufqkH; usrf;*efjzpfaom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk xdkuJhodk‹ rlvykHpHudk rqDravsmfajymif;vJypfjcif; r&Sdap&eftwGuf au,mrwfaemufqkH;ae‹txd ykHpHrajymif;bJ eudktwdkif; wnf&Sdaeatmif umuG,fxdef;odrf;xm;.? {uefpifppf igt&Sifjrwfonfyifv#if(T)qkH;r-o0g'(wnf;[laom uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwf)udk csay;oem;awmfrlcJhavonf? xdkrSwyg; {uefrvGJ igt&Sifjrwfonfyifv#if ,if; qkH;r-o0g'udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrlrnfh t&Sifjrwfvnf;jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvf[d*sf&f 15;9) 15

trSm;onf ,if;usrf;jrwfwGif ‚if;.a&SŒrSvnf; vma&mufpGufzufEdkifjcif; r&Sdacs? ‚if;. aemufrSvnf; vma&mufpGufzufEdkifjcif;r&Sday? Tusrf;jrwfrSm qifjcifwkHw&m;ESifh jynfhpkH awmfrlaom csD;rGrf;axmremudk cH,lxdkufawmfrlaomt&SifjrwftxHawmfrS csay;awmfrlaom usrf;jrwfyif jzpfayonf? (pl&m [mrDrfp*sf'[f 41;42) uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf aemufqkH;au,mrwfae‹txd tajymif;tvJr&SdbJ wnf&Sdaernfjzpfaoma-umifh tDrefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf pdwfcsvufcs ae-uayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf ‚if;wGifyg±Sdaomtcsuftvuftrdef‹rsm;tm;vkH;udk c$sif;csuf r&Sd pdwfcs,kH-unfEdkifonfh usrf;jrwfvnf;jzpfayonf? ‚if;jyif ,if;trdef‹rsm;udk vdkufem usifhokH;&mwGif vlwdk‹.pdwfwGif;Y rausrcsrf;jzpfjcif; odk‹r[kwf 'dG[oHo,jzpfjcif; jzpf ay:cHpm;r+r&Sdacs? vlom;wdk‹onf xdkuJhodk‹aom ,kH-unfpdwfcs&onfh vrf;n$efusrf;awmf jrwfudk vufcH&&Sdjcif;onfyifv#if tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHrS -uD;us,faom oem;usifemr+ r [mu&k%mudk vufcH&&Sdjcif;yifjzpfayonf? uk&eftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfck wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. ta&;-uD;jcif;udk jyqdkxm;ayonf? pifppfaomfum; igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.tay:Y (uk&ftmef)usrf;jrwfudk ta-umif;t&m cyfodrf;wdk‹. &Sif;vif;csuftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ w&m;vrf;n$eftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ u&k%m w&m;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ trdef‹awmfvdkufemol rGwfpvifrfwdk‹tzdk‹ 0rf;ajrmufzG,fowif; tjzpfvnf;aumif; csay;oem;awmfrlcJhavownf;? (pl&mtvf e[fvf 16;89) uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk wwfodem;vnfI ‚if;udk rdrd.b0vrf;n$eftjzpfcH,lolwdkif; onf zefqif;jcif;.&nf&G,fcsufta-umif;&if;udk em;vnfoabmaygufum/ tv†m[f t &Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDcsufESifhtwl oem;-uifemu&k%mawmfudk vufcH&&Sdvdrfhrnf? b0wpfav#mufvkH;twGuf aexdkiftouf&Sifaernfh trSefuefqkH;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtwl *sEMwfokcbkHodk‹ rnfodk‹a&muf&Sdrnf/ *sEMwfokcbkHESifh i&JbkHwGifpHpm;cHpm;&rnfhb0 rnfodk‹ rnfykH &Sdvdrfhrnf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. zefqif;xm;jcif;twGif;rS v#dKŒ0Sufcsufrsm;ESifhtwl taumif;qkH;aom usifh0wfoDvrsm;/ ponfwdk‹udk oif,lod&Sdayvdrfhrnf? vltrsKd;rsdK;u omoemESifhywfoufI ar;jref;Edkifaomar;cGef;rsm;twGuf uk&ftmef usrf;awmfjrwfwGif taumif;qkH;tajzudk ay;xm;.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf; awmfjrwfwGif Todk‹ trdef‹&Sdawmfrl.? pifppfaomfum; ‚if;wdk‹onf toifhxHodk‹ rnfr#yif tHhzG,fxl;qef;aom OyrmykHaqmifcsuf udkyif ,laqmifI vm-uapumrl/ igt&Sifjrwfonf wdusrSefuefonfhjyif &Sif;vif;az:jy csuftm;jzifh ydkrdkIaumif;rGefaom (‚if;.)tajzudk toifhxHodk‹ ydk‹aqmifawmfrlcJhonfcsnf; om? (pl&mtvfzk&fumef 25;33) omoemESifhywfoufonfhtcsuftvuftm;vkH;udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif t jynfhtpkHay;xm;jyD;jzpfaoma-umifh aemufxyf rnfonfhta-umif;&yfrqdkESifhywfoufI jiif;ckHae&rnfhvrf; r&Sdawmhacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk csay; awmfrlaom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;wGif vlom;wdk‹tcsif;csif;oabmxm;uGJvGJvsuf&Sdaomtcsuf rsm;udk &Sif;vif;ay;&efvnf;jzpfa-umif; trdef‹awmf&Sdxm;ayonf? 16

pifppfaomfum; igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.tay:Y usrf;awmfjrwfudk csay;oem;awmfrlcJh onfrSm toifonf ‚if;wdk‹tm; ‚if;wdk‹uJGvGJcsuf&SdcJh-uaomta-umif;udk &Sif;vif;tHhaom iSmomvnf;aumif;/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tzdk‹ w&m;vrf;n$eftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ u&k%mawmftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ csay;awmfrlcJhjcif;om jzpfayownf;? (pl&m tvfe[fvf 16;64) Ttm,wfawmft& uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf tv†m[ft±SifjrwfY ouf0if,kH -unfI tusifhoDvaumif;rGefaom olawmfpifwdk‹twGuf tzufzufwGifvrf;n$eftjzpfESifh r[mu&k%moufa&mufjcif;r*Fvmyif jzpfayawmhonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf u|Efkyf wdk‹rodaoma-umif;t&mrsm;ESifh t&Sifjrwf.zefqif;jcif;v#dKŒ0Sufcsufrsm;udk uk&ftmefusrf; awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;awmfrl.? Oyrm/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfu ±+difwGmefrm&fewf&Sd a-umif;/ ol.t&nftcsif;/ ol.&nf&G,fcsufvkyfief;aqmifwm/ vlom;wdk‹teD;odk‹ rnf onfhenf;jzifh csOf;uyfvmwwfonf ponfhtcsufrsm;tjyif tjcm;tcsuftvufaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmudk oifay;xm;onf? xdk‹tjyif xdk±+difwGmefrm&fewf.ab;tEW&m,f-oZmrS vGwfajrmufEdkifonfhenf;vrf;udkvnf; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif xyfrHay;xm;.? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif ±+difwGmef.ta-umif;ESifhywfoufI &Sif;jyxm;aomtcsuft vufrsm;onf ouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;twGuf tvGefyifaumif;rGefvS.? tb,fha-umifhqdk aomf u|Ekfyfwdk‹rawG‹rjrifEdkifonfhtjyif rodrompdrfh0iful;pufjyef‹ESH‹Edkifaom ±+ifwGmef. csOf;uyfr+udk tpOfowd&Sd Edk;-um;aeEdkifaoma-umifhyifjzpf.? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf &Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufvG,fI vl wdkif;.pdwfudk qGJaqmifEdkif.? xdk‹a-umifh aemufqkH;w&m;pD&ifrnfhae‹wGif rnfolur# rdrd .jyKrlcsufrsm;twGuf trSm;trSefudk cGJjcm;&efESifh rSm;,Gif;aomcH,lcsuftcsKdŒwdk‹ESifhywf oufI ajymjyolr&Sd[k ajymqkdjiif;qefEdkif&ef ta-umif;r&Sdawmhacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf onf vlom;rsm;.b0wpfoufwmvkH;wGif ta&;-uD;qkH;udpPESifh vdkufemusifhokH;&rnfht csufrsm;udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfrSwqifh twwfEdkifqkH;owday; E+d;aqmfxm;ayonf? xdk‹tjyif vG,ful&Sif;vif;r+twGuf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹taejzifhjynfh pkHpGm em;vnfoabmayguf-uap&eftwGuf/ &Sif;vif;ydk‹csvdkaomtcsufrsm;udk ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd; enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh &Sif;jyxm;ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwf. a&;[efa&;enf;toGm;udkyg az:jyxm;awmfrl.? {ueftrSef igt&Sifjrwfonf (t-uifuk&ftmef)usrf;*ef "rRuQefudk ydk‹awmfrlcJhavonf? igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkusrf;*efudk (rdrd)oAŠ!kwOm%fawmfjzifh &Sif;vif;az:jyawmfrlcJhonf? (xdkusrf;*efonf) tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfaom rktfrifefrsm;tzdk‹ w&m;vrf;n$efvnf;jzpf onf? u&k%mawmfvnf; jzpfonf? (pl&m tvfttf&mzf 7;52) ....igt±Sifjrwfonf (awmif[D'fESifhpyfvsOf;I) oufaoom"ursm;udk rnfodk‹rnfykH trsKd; rsdK;tzkHzkH ajymif;v$Jjyoawmfrlonfudk toif±+ygav/ odk‹rSomv#if xdkolrsm;onf em;vnf -uayrnf? (pl&m tvfteftmrf 6;65)

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TuJhodk‹aom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. a-unmcsufrsm;&Sdaevifhupm;/ vltrsm;tm; jzifh uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf vlwdkif;em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifonfh usrf;awmfjrwf r [kwf[k rSm;,Gif;pGmxif-uayonf? vltrsm;tm;jzifh/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk zwf&GwfI em;vnfoabmaygufum ‚if;.n$ef-um;csuftwdkif; aexdkifvdkufemusifhokH;Edkif&ef ESpf aygif;rsm;pGm vdktyfonf[k xifrSwf-uonf? xdkuJhodk‹rSwf,l-uolwdk‹onf uk&ftmefusrf; awmfjrwfudk wpf-udrfavmufyif zwf±+cJh-ubl;olrsm; r[kwf-uacs? odk‹aomfvnf; uk&f tmefwGif yg&Sdonfhtwdkif; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf rSefom;uJhodk‹yif tvGef&Sif;vif; jywfom;vS.? ukeftmefusrf;awmfjrwf. pum;tokH;tE+ef;onf vG,fulpGmem;vnfoabmayguf Edkifjcif;rSm vlwdk‹twGuf r[mu&k%mawmfyif jzpfayawmhonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf onf zwf±+olwdk‹twGuf cufcJr+r&SdbJ vG,fulpGm em;vnfEdkifatmif tvG,fqkH;aompum; rsm;jzifh ydk‹csay;xm;onf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmf wpfckwGif az:jyxm;awmfrl.? pifppf igt&Sifjrwfonfyif ,if;(uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf)udk toif. bmompum;jzifh vG,fulatmif jyKvkyfawmfrlcJhayonf? odk‹rSomv#if toifonf ,if;(uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwfjzifh) rGwWuD olawmfpifwdk‹tm; owif;aumif; ajym-um;jcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ pum;t jiif;yGm;tm;-uD;aomtrsdK;om;wdk‹tm; ,if;(uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf)jzifh owday; E+d;aqmf jcif;udkvnf;aumif;/ jyKEdkifrnf jzpfayownf;? (pl&m r&f,rf 19;97) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu/ t&Sifjrwf.omoemawmfudk vlwdk‹twGuf r[mu&k%m-ud; rm;pGmjzifh xdkuJhodk‹vG,fulatmif ydk‹csxm;awmfrlaoma-umifh/ ‚if;omoemwGif oGefoifjyqdk xm;onfwdk‹udk vdkufemusifhokH;&efom vdktyfayawmhonf? odk‹aomfvnf; vltrsm;wdk‹ onf/ vG,fulaomt&mudk ydkrdkcufcJatmif jyKwwf-uavonf? olwdk‹.b0udk vrf;rSm;odk‹ a&mufaprnfht&mrsm;udkom vdkufvH&SmazG-uum/ olwdk‹.b0udk tpOfojzifh u,fwifEdkif rnfh wpfapmifwnf;aom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfrS uif;uGmoGm;-uavonf? wrefawmfjrwfonfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk atmufygtwdkif; av#mufxm;awmf rlavonf? tdk=u|efawmfrsdK;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf/ {ueftrSef u|efawmfrsdK;. trsdK;om;rsm;onf Tuk&ftmefusrf;jrwfawmfudk pGef‹ypfI xm;cJh-uygonf? (pl&m tvfzk&fumef 25;30) tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.ESvkH;om;wGif xdkusrf;awmfjrwfonf teEWwefcdk;awmf&Sif oAŠ!kwOm%fawmf&Sif tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;rSydk‹csay;onfh w&m;vrf;rSefudk n$efjyonfh usrf;*ef"rRuQef jzpfonf[k ,kH-unfauseyfESpfodrfhae-uav onf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu “pifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf uk&f tmefusrf;jrwfwGif rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹. tema&m*guif;aysmufapaomt&mudk csay;awmfrlavonf?”(pl&m beDtpP&mtDvf 17;82)[k rdef‹qdkxm;onf? rdrdwdk‹. pdwf 18

wGif;Y jzpfay:aom ar;cGef;rsm;udk uk&ftmeftm,wfawmfrsm;rS tajzrsm;jzifh &Sif;vif;ap &if; oHo,&Sdonfhta-umif;&yfrsm;twGufvnf; ysufys,foGm;apayonf? xdkuk&ftmef usrf;jrwfudk zwf&Gwfolwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹ESifh toifhawmfqkH;jzpfaom udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh ae xdkifpm;aomufykHudk oif,l&&Sd.? Tonfum; tvGefta&;-uD;aomtcsufyifjzpf.? vlom;wdk‹onf tpPvmrfhtajccH w&m;twdkif; aexdkifaygufzGm;-uygu at;csrf;om,maysmf±$ifI udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rm oefpGrf;olrsm;jzpfatmif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu vlom;wdk‹udk zefqif;xm;ayonf? Tt&m udk tjcm;enf;jzifh &SmazGaeolrsm;onf ESpfaygif;axmifaomif;ru -um&Snfaomfvnf; b,f aomtcgrS awG‹&Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwf? vlwpfOD;pDtwGuf TurBmavmuwGifvnf;aumif;/ aemifwrvGefb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ oufawmifhoufompGmaexdkifEdkif&efrSm tv†m[ft±Sif jrwfu ydk‹csay;aom uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfudk vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;omv#if jzpfayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; tarSmifb0rS tvif;odk‹ ydk‹aqmifaom usrf; awmfjrwfjzpfa-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu atmufygtm,wfawmfwGif a-unmxm;.? tvpfzf/ vrf/ &m? T(uk&ftmef)onfum; t-uifusrf;jrwfyifwnf;? toifonf vlom; tm;vkH;wdk‹udk ‚if;wdk‹tm; zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmfESifh tarSmifxkrS tvif;odk‹(0g) wefcdk;tmEkabmfESifh jynfhpkHawmfrlaomcsD;rGrf;zG,f *k%fawmftaygif;ESifh jynfh pkHawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf.vrf;odk‹ xkwfaqmif (u,fwif)tHhaomiSm igt&Sifjrwfonf ,if; usrf;jrwfudk toif.xHodk‹ csay;oem;awmfrlcJhavownf;? (pl&m tDAf&m[Drf 14;1) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfay;oem;awmfrlaom usrf; awmfjrwfu jyoonfhtvif;aemuf udkomvdkufI xdkn$ef-um;csufrsm;twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;olonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. t vdkawmft& TurBmay:wGifESifh aemifwrvGefb0ESpfXmepvkH;wGif om,maysmf±$ifI jidrf; csrf;r+tjynfh&Sdaomb0udk &±Sdrnfjzpf.?

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25

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qGvmwf0wfjyK&mY av#mhayghouf!‡mr+ay;jcif;? qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;onf rGwfpvifrfwdk‹u tv†m[ft&SifjrwfowfrSwfxm;aomt csdefrsm;wGif woufwmvkH; ypfy,fjcif;r&SdbJ vdkufemusifhokH;&rnfhwm0efjzpfayonf? bmoma&;wm0efrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;r+r&Sdolwdk‹onf touftdkrif;onfhtcsdeftxd xdk 26

wm0efudk a±$Œqdkif;xm;avh&Sd-uonf? odk‹aomfvnf; qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;onf tjcm;usifh pOfrsm;xuftvGefw&m vG,fulaomusifhpOf jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu wpfOD;csif;vdkufem&rnfh rvkyfrae&usifhpOfwm0efudk vdkufem usifhokH;&efrSm vlwpfOD;csif;wGif wm0ef&Sdayonf? xdkuJhodk‹vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;twGuf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. oabmwljcif;/ oem;-uifem u&k%moufa&mufjcif;ESifh *sEMwfokc bkHodk‹a&muf&SdEdkifjcif;qk ponfwdk‹udk tpm;jyefvnf&&Sd-urnfjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfu rvkyfrae& (z&f'f)tjzpf ay;xm;aomc0yfudk;uG,fr+ qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;wm0efudk vG,fulr+&Sdatmif n$ef-um;xm;jcif;udk-unfhjcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oem;-uifemjcif; r[mu&k%mawmfudk od&SdEdkifayonf? TuJhodk‹ vG,fulatmif pDrHxm;ay;aomfvnf;/ (uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu wm0efr&Sd[k owfrSwfjyqdkxm;olrsm;rS ty) rnfolur# tiftm;r&Sdaoma-umifh/ odk‹r[kwf qGvmwf0wfjyK&ef cufcJaoma-umifh[k ta-umif;jyI a&Smifae&ef ta-umif;r&Sdawmhacs? Oyrm/ 0kol(ajcvufaq;a-umoef‹pifjcif;)udpPESifhywfoufI tvGefwdusyGifhvif; pGm wnfhwnfhyif trdef‹&Sdxm;awmfrl.? tu,fI wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf a&udk&SmI rawG‹ &Sdygu a&tpm; oef‹jyef‹aom oJ/ ausmufwkH;/ ajr-uD;/ odk‹r[kwf ESif;rsm;udk tpm;xdk;I “o,rfrGefrf” jyKcGifh ay;xm;ayonf? a&udk&SmIrawG‹&SdoltwGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwpfydk'fwGif “o,rfrGefrf” rnfodk‹jyK&rnfudk jyqdkxm;awmfrlav onf? ‚if;jyif tu,fI toifwdk‹onf a0'em&Sifrsm;jzpfae-uaomf‚if;/ c&D;onfrsm;jzpfae-u aomf‚if;/ odk‹wnf;r[kwf toifwdk‹teuf wpkHwa,mufaomolonf/ usif-uD;usifi,f pGef‹&mrS jyefcJhonf&Sdaomfvnf;aumif;/ odk‹wnf;r[kwf toifwdk‹onf (rdrdwdk‹.) ZeD;rdef;r rsm;ESifh arxkefoH0go jyKcJh-uonf&Sdaomfvnf;aumif;/ jyD;aemuf toifwdk‹onf a&udkr&&Sd cJh-uygv#ifpif-u,foef‹jyef‹faomajr-uD;jzifh “o,rfrGefrf”jyK-uavukef? xdktcg toifwdk‹ onf (vuf0g; ESpfbufjzifh ajr-uD;udk &dkufykwfI) rdrdwdk‹. rsufESmESifhvufrsm;udk xdkajr -uD;jzifh yGwfowf-uavukef? (pl&m tvf*sZmtf 5;6) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. usrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmftydk'frsm;wGif az:jyxm;awmfrl onfhtwdkif; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹wGif csdKŒwJhjcif;r&Sdapvdkay? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf wGif ay;xm;aomtrdef‹rsm;udk vG,fulatmif &Sif;vif;xm;ayonf? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif trSefwu,f ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;onf tvGefvG,fulaom usifhpOfyifjzpfavonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtm;c0yfudk;uG,f&mY tvG,fulqkH; enf;vrf;ykHpHudk rdef‹qdkxm;I ,if;trdef‹udkvdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹udk ESpfoufvufcHawmfrlI t&Sifjrwf. r[mu&k%mawmfESifhtwl *sEMwfokcbkHodk‹ 0ifa&mufpHpm;EdkifcGifh ay;oem; awmfrlrnfh r*Fvmowif;aumif;udk ay;xm;avonf?

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umzd&f r,kHr-unf aoGznfjiif;y,folrsm;ESifh yËdyuQ&SdaeaomtcsdefwGif/ rktfrifefwdk‹. c0yfudk;uG,fr+ qGvmwfwm0efrsm;wGif ouf!Smr+ay;xm;cJhonf? ppfjzpfaeonfhtcsdefwGif qGvmwf0wfjyKjcif;udk vdktyfaeygu twdkcsHK;cGifhjyKxm;onf? ‚if;jyif t-uiftcg0,f/ toifwdk‹onf urBmajrjyif0,f c&D;xGufcJh-uukef.? xdktcg0,f toifwdk‹onf tu,fI rdrdwdk‹tm; umzd&fr,kHr-unf aoGznfjiif;y,faomolwdk‹u 'kuQ ay;-urnfudk pdk;&drf-uonf±Sdaomf/ toifwdk‹Y “qGvmwf”0wfjyKr+udk avsmhIjyKjcif;tm; jzifh tjypfwpkHw&mr# r&Sdacs? (pl&m tefeDqm 4;101) Tuk&ftmeftm,wfawmftydk'ft&/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unf olwdk‹tm; ay;xm;aomtrdef‹wpfckcsif;onf tusKd;w&m;ESifh ajrmfjrifr+tjynfhyg&Sdaea-umif; awG‹&Sd&ayonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf t±Sifjrwf.bENm(zefqif;jcif;cH&olaus;u|ef)rsm; . cufcJr+udk rvdkvm;acs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rktfrifefwdk‹. rdwfaqGppf tumt uG,fay;oltppf jzpfayonf?

OykofoDvaqmufwnf&mY !‡mwmr+? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rGwfpvifrfwdk‹tm; &r\GmefvwGif OykofoDvapmifh&ef trdef‹ay;xm;awmfrl.? odk‹aomfvnf; c|if;csufrsm;vnf; ay;xm;awmfrl.? Oyrm/ emzsm; rusef;jzpfv#ifESifh c&D;oGm;aepOftwGif;Y c|if;csufay;xm;ayonf? TtcsufwGifvnf; t v†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ u|Ekfyfwdk‹twGuf tcuftcJudkrvdkvm;bJ vG,fulr+twGufomv#if vdkvm;a-umif; jyqdka-unmxm;avonf? &r\GmefvY uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf usa&mufcJhavonf? (,if;uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwfonf) vlom;cyfodrf;wdk‹tbdk‹ w&m;"rRtjzpf‚if;/ w&m;vrf;rSef&apaom trSm;trSef udk cGJjcm;odapaom xif±Sm;vSonfh oufaocHvuQ%mrsm;tjzpf‚if; (usa&mufvmaom usrf;awmfjrwfyifwnf;)? odk‹jzpfav&m toifwdk‹teufrS rnfolrqdk xdkvjrwfESifh -uHK-udKufcJhygv#if xdkolonf ,if; vjrwfY OykofoDwif;aqmufwnf&ayrnf? odk‹&mwGif t-uifolwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf w pkHw&m a0'empGJuyfI rusef;rrmjzpfcJhaomf xdkol‹tay:0,f tjcm;aomae‹&ufrsm;wGif (rdrd ysufuGufcJhaomOykof&ufrsm;udk) wGufppfI jznfhpGufaqmufwnf&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tbdk‹ oufomacsmifcsdr+udk tvdk&Sdawmfrlayonf? toif wdk‹tbdk‹ cufcJr+udkum; vdkvm;awmfrlonfr[kwfacs? xdk‹jyifw0 (tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf) toifwdk‹(ysufuGufcJhaom ae‹&uf)ta&twGufudk jynfhpkHatmifjyKap&ef‚if;/ tv†m[ft&Sif jrwftm; xdkt&Sifjrwf !$efjyawmfrlaom enf;vrf;twdkif; -uD;uJjrifhjrwfawmfrla-umif; &Gwfqdk-u&ef‚if; (tvdkqEN &Sdawmfrlonf)? odk‹rSomv#if toifwdk‹onf (xdkt&Sifjrwf.) aus;Zl;awmfudk odaomolrsm; jzpf-u&monf? (pl&m tvfbuU&m 2;185) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu u|Ekfyfwdk‹twGuf vG,fulr+udkom vdkvm;awmfrljcif;wGif bm oma&;onf cufcJusOf;usyfjcif;r[kwfbJ &dk;&dk;&Sif;&Sif;ESifhvG,fulr+&Sdjcif;udkvnf; pOf;pm; qifjcifI oabmaygufoifhygonf? bmoma&;usifhpOfrsm;udk vdkufemusifhokH;&mY cufcJ

28

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rawmfwq tr+rJhtrSwfrJh jyKrdaomusdefqdkr+rsm;ESifhywfoufI oufn‡mr+? usdefqdkjcif;onf r-umc%u-uHKawG‹-u.? tcsdKŒaomolwdk‹onf tr+rJhtrSwfrJh r awmfwqusdefqdkwwfaomtusifh &Sd-uonf? txl;ojzifh wpfckckaom *wday;jcif;rsdK;wGif jzpfwwfonf? rdrd.usdefqdkcsuftwdkif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh uwdwnfjcif;onf rGwfpvifrf wpfOD;csif;. *k%ft*Fg&yfjzpfonf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif trdef‹&Sdxm;onf? odk‹aomfvnf; vlom;rsm;onf/ arhavsmhwwfaom owW0gjzpfojzifh/ wcgw&H rdrdwdk‹jyKxm;aom*wdudk arhavsmhI raqmif&Gufrdjcif;vnf; jzpfwwfonf? ‚if; rSm vlom;wdk‹. aysmhuGufwpfckjzpfI obm0tav#mufjzpfwwfaom tcsif;t&mwpfck jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹ xdkuJhodk‹ rawmfwqtr+rJh trSwfrJhjyKrdaom*wdrsm;ESifh arhavsmhIraqmif&Gufrdaom *wdrwnfjcif;rsm;twGuf tjypf r,lacs? taotcsmay;aom*wdopPmudk ysufuGufr+twGufudkum; aemufqkH;w&m;pD&if 29

aomae‹wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu ta&;,lrnfjzpfaomfvnf;/ &nf&G,fcsufr&Sd tr+rJh trSwfrJhjyKrdaom *wdrsm;twGufudkrl cGifhv$wfrnfjzpf.? ,if;udpPESifhywfoufI tv†m[f t&Sifjrwfonf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd tm,wftydk'fwpfckwGif az:jyxm;awmfrl.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹. tcsnf;ESD;aom usdefqdkcsufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I toifwdk‹ udk jypf'%fay;awmfrlrnfr[kwf? odk‹&mwGif toifwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;rsm;u aphaqmfwdkufwGef; I usdefqdkaom usdefqdkcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;Irl xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹udk jypf'%fay; awmfrlayrnf? trSefaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t-udrf-udrf vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifh ay;oem;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefaxmufxm;!‡mwmawmfrlaomt&Sif/ jzpfawmfrlayo wnf;? (pl&mtvfbuU&m[f 2;225) usdefqdkjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu aemufxyfouf!‡mr+wpfckxyfay; xm;.? udpPwpfckckudk&nf&G,fcsuf&Sd&Sdjzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.emrHawmfjzifh usdefqdkxm; aomfvnf; xdkusdefqdkcsufudk y,fzsufvdkonf&Sdaomf/ aemifw&apjcif;iSm atmufygtwdkif; trdef‹ay;xm;awmfrlayonf? {uefpifppf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tusdK;iSm toifwdk‹. usdefqdkcsufrsm;udk ajz Edkif&ef(enf;vrf;)owfrSwfI ay;awmfrlcJh.? (pl&m tvfw[f&Drf 66;2) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹. tcsnf;ESD;aom usdefqdkcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I toif wdk‹tm; jypf'%fay;awmfrlrnfr[kwf/ odk‹&mwGif toifwdk‹tcdkiftrm usdefqdk-uaom usdef qdkcsufrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Ium; toifwdk‹udk tjypf'%f ay;awmfrlrnfjzpfonf? odk‹ay&m (,ifuJhodk‹aom usdefqdkcsufrsm;udk csdK;azgufcJhonf&Sdaomf) xdkusdefqdkcsufudk(csdK; azgufjcif;).tjypftmywfajzr+um;/ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹. tdrfoltdrfom;wdk‹udk au|; arG;avh&Sd-uaom cJbG,fabmZOfrsdK;xJrS tvwfpm;jzpfaom cJbG,fabmZOfudk olqif;&J q,fa,muftm; au|;arG;jcif;aomf‚if;/ xdkolqif;&Jom; (q,fa,muf)wdk‹tm; t0wft pm;(wpfpkHuspD) ay;jcif;aomf‚if;/ u|efwpfa,mufudk u|eftjzpfrS vGwfajrmufapjcif;aomf ‚if;/ jzpfacsonf? odk‹&mwGif t-uifolonf (Ttcsufrsm;udkvdkufem&ef) rwwfpGrf;EdkifcJhyg rl (xdkolonf) okH;&ufqufI “qGD,mrf”Oykofaqmufwnf&rnf? Tonfwdk‹um; toif wdk‹ usdefqdkjyD; (rdrdwdk‹. usdefqdkcsufrsm;udk csdK;azguf)cJhonf&Sdaomf toifwdk‹ usdefqdkcsuf rsm;. tjypftmywfajzjcif;yif jzpfonf? ‚if;jyif toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹. usdefqdkcsufrsm; udk apmifhxdef;-uavukef? Todk‹tm;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrd.trdef‹awmfrsm;udk t oifwdk‹tbdk‹ &Sif;vif;pGmxkwfaz:rdef‹-um;awmfrlavonf? odk‹rSomv#if toifwdk‹ aus;Zl; odwwf-uayrnf? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;89) Tuk&ftmeftm,wfawmftydk'frsm;udk -unhfjcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹ u tajctaeESpfrsdK;pvkH;wGif bmoma&;pnf;rsOf;abmiftwGif;Y vG,fulpGmvdkufemusifhokH; aexdkifEdkifatmif csrSwfay;xm;awmfrlonfudk od&SdEdkifayonf? trSefpifppf rdrdwdk‹usdefqdkcsufESifh *wdopPmwnfjcif;onf taumif;qkH;yifjzpf.? odk‹aomfvnf; vlom;wdk‹onf arhavsmhwwfonf? odk‹r[kwf tcsdefumvay:rlwnfI *wdopPmusdefqdkpOfutajctaeajymif;vJoGm;ojzifh rdrdusdefqdkcsuf*wdopPmtwdkif; aqmif 30

&GufEdkifpGrf;r&SdbJ jzpfEdkifayonf? vlwdkif;. pdwfcsrf;omr+&Sdap&eftwGuf tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfonf xdkusdefqdkcsufrsm;udk rjznfhpGrf;EdkifonfhtwGuf tmywfajz&ef enf;vrf;ay;xm; jcif; jzpfayonf? ‚if;jyif *wdopPmusdefqdkcsufudk zsuf&mY tmywfajzenf;rsm;ay;xm;jcif;onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolonf vdyfjymoef‹oef‹pdwfcsrf;ompGm qufvuftouf&SifaeEdkif &efESifh owdw&m;&Sdap&efyif jzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ xdkuJhodk‹ *wdopPmusdefqdk csufudk zsufolonf xdkusdefqdkcsufudk tpm;xdk;aqmif&Gufr+&Sdojzifh xdkusdefqdkcsufudk r zsufrD rdrdu tu,fpifppfrzsufbJ aqmif&GufEdkifrnf [kwfr[kwfudk xyfrHpOf;pm;ayvdrfh rnf? aemufqkH;wGif taumif;qkH;toifhawmfqkH; enf;vrf;udkqkH;jzwf,lvdrfhrnf? xdk‹a-umifh ,QKtcsdeftxd aqG;aEG;cJhaomtcsufrsm;udk axmuf±+I tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfonf t&Sifjrwf.omoemudk vdkufemusifhokH;&mY tvG,fulqkH;jzpfatmif owfrSwf ay;xm;onf[k oabmaygufEdkifayonf? xdk‹a-umifh tpPvmrfomoemonf tpOftjrJ t csdefra&G; tajctaewdkif;wGif vdkufemusifhokH;Edkifatmif vG,fulonfhomoemjzpfayonf? vlwpfOD;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk pdwfapwemoef‹oef‹jzifh ouf0if,kH-unfI rGwfp vifrfjzpfrnfqdkygu/ xdkolonf tpPvmrfomoemhusifhpOfrsm;udk usifhokH;&mY rnfonfh tcuftcJudkr# &ifqdkifae&onf[k cHpm;&rnfr[kwfay? bmoma&;ESifhuif;uGmaeaomvlwdk‹onf rdrd.b0twGuf &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif wpfckckudk owfrSwfxm;avh&Sd-uonf? xdk&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifwdk‹onfvnf; avmuDa&;ESifh omv#if trsm;qkH;ywfoufaeayonf? Oyrm/ trsm;tm;jzifh vlwdk‹.&nf&G,fcsufyef;wdkif rSm tvGefawmfaomq&m0efjzpf&ef/ atmifjrifaom tif*sifeD,mjzpf&ef/ zcifaumif; wpf a,mufjzpf&ef/ -uG,f0csrf;omaom ukefonf-uD;wpfOD;jzpf&ef/ urBmausmf tEkynm&Sif wpfOD;jzpf&ef/ ponfjzifh &nf&G,favh&Sd-uonf? xdk‹a-umifh vlwdk‹onf xdk&nfrSef;csuf yef;wdkifodk‹a&muf&ef tvkyf-udK;yef;-uonf? xdkatmifjrifcsufrsm;/ csrf;omaysmf±$ifr+rsm;ESifh txufuqdkcJhonfhyef;wdkif;rsm;tjyif tjcm;tjcm;aom&nfrSef;csufpnf;pdrfrsm;udk&&Sd&ef ESifh vlr+a&;tqifhtwef;wpfckckodk‹ a&mufatmif tppt&m&mudk t±+H;cHpaw;Edkif-u.? xdk&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifrsm;wGif epfrGef;aecsdefwGif/ TurBmavmuwGif rdrdvma&muftouf &Sifjcif;. t"duta-umif;udk arhxm;z,fxm;vdkuf-uavonf? xdkuJhodk‹aom owdvpf[if;r+udk trSefw&m;odk‹a&mufatmif jyKjyifEdkif&eftcsufrSm/ vlwpfOD;csif;onf rdrd.b0ESifhywfoufonfh ar;cGef;rsm;xkwfI rdrdonf wpfae‹ae‹wGif toufuG,fvGefvdrfhrnfudk pOf;pm;owd&oifhayonf? “TurBmwGif u|Ekfyfbmha-umifh a&mufaeoenf;?” “u|Efkyfbmha-umifh touf&Sifae&oenf;?” “u|Ekfyfonf atmifjrif aom aqmufvkyfa&;ydokumwpfOD;jzpfI -uD;us,fonfh taqmuftODtajrmuftjrm;. ykHpHrsm;udk a&;qGJcJhavjyD/ aiGa-u;csrf;om-uG,f0aejyD/ *k%fxl;aqmifvufrSwfrsm;vnf;&&Sd cJhjyD/ urBmausmfwpfOD;vnf;jzpfaejyD/ odk‹aomfvnf; xdkatmifjrifr+rsm;onf/ u|EfkyftwGuf bmay;ovJ/ TurBmwGif csefxm;cJh&rnfh ,if;tusdK;tjrwfrsm;u u|Ekfyf. aemifwrvGef b0twGuf rnfonfhtusdK;aus;Zl;rsm; ay;ygoenf;/ u|Ekfyf.touf&Sifjcif;onf TurBm

31

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jynfheufvsuf&Sda-umif;/ ponfhtcsufrsm;onf rdrd.touf0dnmOf. vdktyfr+udk jynfhpkHap Edkifjcif;r&Sda-umif;udk em;vnfoabmaygufapEdkifayonf? pifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf rdk;aumif;uifudkvnf;aumif;/ yx0Dajrudkvnf;aumif;/ ,if;ESpf ck.t-um;Y &Sdonfwdk‹udkvnf;aumif;/ upm;oltjzpf (tysif;ajy) zefqif;xm;awmfrl onf r[kwfay? tu,fIom igt&Sifjrwfonf tysif;ajyupm;p&mudkom jyKvkyf&ef&nfpl;I jyKvkyf awmfrlrnfht&Sif jzpfawmfrlcJhygv#if/ igt&Sifjrwfonf ,if;upm;p&mudk {uefrkcs rdrd txHawmfY &SdonfteufrSyif jyKvkyfxm;awmfrlayrnf? (pl&mtvftrfAD,m 21;16=17) trSefpifppf tenf;i,favmufr#om pOf;pm;jcif;jzifhyif/ TurBmavmuonf rdrd twGuf tpOftjrJaexdkif&rnfh ae&mXmer[kwfa-umif;udk od&SdEdkifayonf? TurBmavmu onf/ prf;oyfaomae&mr#om jzpfayonf? Tb0onf aemufqkH;tqifhr[kwfacs? acwW ausmfv$m;jzwfoGm;aom ae&mXmejzpfayonf? Tjzwfoef;vmcJhaom -um;umvtwGif; rd rdwdk‹.jyKrlvkyfaqmifcsuftm;vkH;udk rdrdtm; AvmewˆdtvsOf;r&Sd&mrS zefqif;cJhol tv†m[f t&SifjrwfxHawmfa&SŒY tajzay;-u&rnfh wm0efvnf;&Sdayonf? Ttcsuftxd pOf;pm;oabmaygufolonf/ aemufwpfqifhxyfI pOf;pm;&ayrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; ykHpHtrsKd;rsdK;jzifh prf;oyfayonf? aumif;aomykHpHrsm; vnf;jzpfEdkifonf? raumif;aomykHpHvnf;jzpfEdkifayonf? ae‹wdkif;u|Ekfyfwdk‹-uHKawG‹-u& onfhtjzpftysufrsm;tm;vkH;onf aovGefjyD;aemuf wrvGefb0wGif tokH;0if yg0ifrnfh tusdK;w&m;twGuf prf;oyfcsufrsm;yif jzpfayonf? xdkprf;oyfcsufrsm;udk tv†m[ft±Sif jrwfu vG,fulr+&Sdatmif zefwD;xm;ay;awmfrl.? rnfonfhvrf;udk vdkuf&rnfudkvnf; n$ef-um;xm;awmfrl.? qdkvkd&if;rSm rnfodk‹jyKrlusifh-uH-u&rnfudk rdef‹qdkjyoxm;awmfrl .? {uefpifppf igt&Sifjrwfonf vlom;tm; prf;oyfvdkawmfrlaomtm;jzifh a&maESmaygif;pyf aom uvva&-unfjzifh zefqif;awmfrlcJh.? odk‹jzpfay&m igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;tm; -um; ol/ jrifol(tjzpf) jyKvkyfawmfrlcJh.? pifppf{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkvlom;tm; ‚if;onf aus;Zl;wifonfjzpfap/ aus;Zl;uef; onfjzpfap/ w&m;vrf;rSefudk jyoawmfrlcJh.? (pl&m tvf'[f&f 76;2=3) Ttm,wfawmftydk'frsm;t&/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ vlwdk‹tm; rSefuefaomb0vrf; a-umif;udk jyoay;oem;awmfrljyD; vlom;wdk‹tm; rSefuefaombmom omoemtodynm rsm;udk &±Sdapum aumif;rGefaomudk,fusifhw&m;&Sdapvdka-umif; xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdayonf? vl wdkif;udk toufraoqkH;rD bmom omoemodk‹bdwfac:I trSm;trSefudk ydkif;jcm;Edkif&ef t cGifhta&; {uefrvGJay;xm;rnf jzpfayonf? vlwdkif;onf aemifwrvGefb0twGuf T urBmavmuwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf oabmwlvdkvm;aomudk,fusifhw&m;pnf;rsOf;pnf; urf;vrf;pOftwdkif; acwWc%omv#if touf&SifaexdkifcGifh&&Sda-umif; od&ayrnf? vlom; rsm;taejzifh xdkuJhodk‹aom b0vrf;a-umif;udkrodbJ rnfuJhodk‹atmifjrifpGm vdkufemusifhokH; &rnfudk rod&Sdonfh prf;oyfr+ r[kwfay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf acwfumvwdkif; wref 33

awmfrsm;rSwqifh usrf;awmfjrwfrsm;udk ydk‹cscJhjyD; vlwdkif;u rdrdudk zefqif;xm;jcif;. t a-umif;&if;udk vGwfvyfpGmawG;awma&G;cs,fI vdkufemusifhokH;&ef Om%fpGrf;udkvnf; ay; xm;awmfrl.? rSefuefaomvrf;pOfudk ydk‹csjyoxm;jcif;jzifh raumif;r+tukodkvfrsm;rS umuG,fxm;awmfrl.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfI rdrdudk,fudk xdkt&Sifjrwf xHawmfyg;Y pdwfa&mudk,fyg vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;tyfESif;xm;olwdk‹ESifh rnfonfhtajctaersKd; wGifrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkom tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKolwdk‹twGuf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. prf;oyfr+rsm;onf vG,fulI aysmfarG‹zG,fyifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk pdwf&if; apwemoef‹oef‹jzifh ,kH-unfI xdkt&SifjrwfwGif ouf0if,kH-unfjcif;. b0v#dKŒ0Suf csufrsm;udk od&SdoltwGuf/ TurBmavmu&Sd cufcJr+/ 0rf;enf;ausuGJr+/ 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;/ odk‹ r[kwf ±+wfaxG;ayGvDr+rsm; ±Sdrnfr[kwfay? tajctaewdkif;onf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf xH awmfrSvmaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmomv#ifjzpfI tv†m[ft±SifjrwfESifh ydkrdkeD;uyfum *sEMwf okcbkHodk‹ a&muf&Sdrnfh tcGifhta&;ydkrdk&Sdavonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomb0udk&&Sd&efrSm rdrdwdk‹.pdwf&if;apwemjzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkouf 0if,kH-unfI xdkt&Sifjrwfudk oabmaygufod&Sd&ef OD;pGmvdktyfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf udk todtrSwfjyKI xdkt&Sifjrwf. bkef;wefcdk;tmEkabmfudk od&Sdavav xdkolonf bmom a&;wGif ydkrdkudkif;±+dif;I tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifh ydkrdkeD;uyfrnfjzpfayonf? Oyrm/ tv†m[ft &Sifjrwf. cGifhv$wfjcif;udk od&Sdolonf rdrdu r&nf&G,fbJjyKrlrdaomtrSm;rsm;twGuf ar#mf vifhcsufuif;pGmjzifh 0rf;enf;yufvufjzpfaernfr[kwfay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if tppt&m&mudk ay;urf;xm;oljzpfa-umif;udk ,kH-unfolonf aiGa-u;twGuf avmb-uD; aernf r[kwf? vlwdk‹. touf&Sifpm;0wfaea&;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkol.vkyftm; twdkif;twmESifh vdktyfr+t& ay;urf;aea-umif;udk od&Sdxm;olonf/ toufarG;0rf; ausmif;t& tvkyf-udK;pm;rnfjzpfaomfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfay;aomt wdkif;twmudk auseyfESpfodrfhum xdktwdkif;twmudk rdrdtaejzifh rajymif;vJEdkifa-umif;udk vnf; od&Sdowd&aernfjzpf.? aemufqkH;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk todtrSwfjyK ouf0if ,kH-unfoltwGuf/ TurBmavmuonf vG,fulr+&SdI/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. aumif;csD; r*Fvmrsm;jzifhjynfheufaea-umif;udk owd&aernfjzpf.? xdkyk*~dKvfonf oltouf&Sifae onfhtcsdefor,wdkif;wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.Asm'dwfawmfrsm;ESifh vSyaomzefqif;r+rsm; udkomv#if awG‹jrifaernfjzpfonf? tcsKyftm;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk emcHI bmoma&; udkif;±d+if;ol rGwfpvifrfwdk‹twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfay;xm;aom prf;oyfr+rsm;onf/ tvGefw&mvG,fulonfhtjyif vdkufemusifhokH;&mY aysmfarG‹zG,fyif jzpfaeayonf?

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cGifhv$wfawmfrl.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. rqkH;Edkifaom-uifemoem;jcif;r[mu&k%mawmfonf/ vlwdk‹ twGuf aumif;csD;r*Fvmjzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf vlom;[lonf arhavsmhwwf jcif;/ *&krrlwwfjcif;/ rSm;,Gif;wwfjcif;rsm;jzifh jynfheufvsuf&Sd.? tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfonf -uD;rm;vSaom r[m*&k%mawmfjzifh vlwdk‹tm; rdrdwdk‹.trSm;rsm;udk aemifw&I tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHrS cGifhv$wfjcif;twGuf awmif;yefwdk;±+d;&ef tcGifhta&; ay;xm;awmfrl ayonf? rnfolrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk a-umuf±GHŒI pdwfapwemt&if;cHjzifh rdrd.tjypf 34

'kp&dkufudk cGifhv$wfawmfrl&ef awmif;yefygu tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. cGifhv$wfjcif;udk trSef wu,f&&Sd&ef ar#mfvifhcsuf&Sdayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif “tu,fpifppfaomf um; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹bufodk‹ (rdrd)u&k%mawmfjzifh vSnfhawmfrl&ef vdk vm;awmfrlavonf?===” (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;27)[k rdef‹awmfrl.? xdk‹tjyif tv†m[f t&Sifjrwfonf rdrd.vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;awmfrlonfh *k%fawmfudk uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwfwGif jyqdkxm;awmfrl.? trSefpifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk raumif;r+tukodkvf wpkHw&mudk usL;vGefrdtHh/ odk‹wnf; r[kwf xdkolonf rdrdudk,fudk ESdyfpufuvljyKrdtHh/ xdk‹aemuf ,if;olonf tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf txHawmfY vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhudk av#mufxm;yef-um;tHh/ xdkolonf tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfudk tvGefw&m vGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;oem;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefw&m oem;-uif em n‡mwmawmfrlaomt&Siftjzpf awG‹&SdaytHh? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;110) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; wpfoufwmvkH;wGif t&Sifjrwf.vGwfjidrf;csrf; omcGifh&&Sdap&eftcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk tqufrjywfay;xm;ayonf? vlwpfOD;twGuf rdrdjypf rSm;rdaom tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;twGuf xyfrHIrusL;vGef&ef0efcHI toufraorD rdrd.todw &m;udk owdrl&efomvdktyfayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif t v†m[ft&Sifjrwfu apwemroef‹aomol.aemifww&m;udkomv#if vufcHjcif;rjyKa-umif; rdef‹qdkxm;avonf? xdkolwdk‹xHodk‹ aojcif;w&m;onf a&muf&SdvmcsdefrwdkifrDtxd tjypf'kp&dkufr+rsm;wGif epfrGef;vsuf&Sd-uay&m xdkolwdk‹teuf wpfOD;wpfa,mufxH aorif;a&mufvmaomtcgrS omv#if/ xdkolu “u|efawmfrsdK;onf ,ckrkcs awmif;yefygjyD”[k av#mufxm;avonf? ‚if;jyif t-uifolrsm;tbdk‹vnf; 0efcsawmif;yefjcif;um;r&Sday? xdkolrsm;onf umzd&frsm; tjzpf aoqkH;oGm;-u.? xdkolrsm;tbdk‹ igt&Sifjrwfonf jyif;jyem-uifbG,fjzpfaom t jypf'%fudk toifhjyKvkyfxm;awmfrlonf? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;18) vlwdk‹.trSm;rsm;udk cGifhv$wfjcif;/ tjypf'%fay;jcif;udk tcsdefqGJ apmifhqdkif;aejcif;/ olwdk‹woufwmvkH;wGif aemifww&m;&&Sdap&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ay;xm;jcif;/ ponfwdk‹ onf/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf.-uD;rm;aomoem;-uifemjcif;/ r[mu&k%mESifh t-uifemw&m; rsm;udk xif&Sm;apaom vuQ%mawmfrsm;yif jzpfayonf? tu,fI vlwdk‹jyKvkyfusL;vGef aom tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;twGuf csufcsif;om tjypf'%fcwfygu urBmavmuwGif ouf&Sd [lI yif &Sdawmhrnfr[kwf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdef‹-um;awmfrl.? pifppfaomfum; tu,fIom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdk‹tm; ‚if;wdk‹.rw&m;r+a-umifh (&kwfw&ufcsufcsif;) zrf;qD;uGyfrsufawmfrlygv#if Tyx0Dajray:0,f oGm;vmv+yf&Sm; aom owW0gwpfpkHwpfckr# usefaeawmhrnf r[kwfay? odk‹&mwGif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹ tm; owfrSwfjy@mef;jyD;jzpfaom tcsdefumvwdkifatmif a&$Œqdkif;awmfrlavonf? wpfzef ‚if;wdk‹.tcsdefumvonf qdkufa&mufvmaomtcg/ ‚if;wdk‹onf wpfem&Dr#yif aemufodk‹ qkwfEdkif-urnfvnf; r[kwfay? a&SŒodk‹ wdk;Edkif-urnfvnf; r[kwfaywum;? (pl&mtvf e[fvf 16;61)

35

xdk‹a-umifh vlwdk‹onf rnfonfhtrSm;rsm; tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;yif usL;vGefcJh-uonfjzpf ap/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuvdkvm;ESpfoufaomaus;u|eftjzpf ajymif;vJEdkif&ef tcsdefraESmif; acs? vlwpfOD;onf rnfr#avmuf-uD;us,faomtjypf'kp&dkufudkyif usL;vGefcJhonfjzpfap/ rnfr#-umanmif;atmif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk jiif;y,fI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.omoem awmfESifh a0;uGmcJhayaomfvnf;/ pdwf&if;apwemt&if;jzifh aemifww&m;&&SdjyD; bmoma&; udkif;±+dif;oltjzpfajymif;vJoGm;ygu/ ol.tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;ae&ef rvdk tyfawmhacs? xdkuJhodk‹aom tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;udk aemufxyfrusL;vGef&ef oifcef;pmtjzpf rSwf,l&efavmufom jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ owday;jyD;aemufwGif trSef w&m;udk&SmazGawG‹&SdI bmoma&;udkif;±+dkif;onfh rGwfpvifrfwdk‹.aemufa-umif;udk ar;jref; jcif; jyKrnfr[kwfa-umif; twdtvif; a-unmxm;awmfrl.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vGefavjyD;aom tjypfwdk‹udk cGifhv$wfawmfrlcJhjyD;jzpf.? odk‹&mwGif rnfolrqdk xyfrHIjyKusifhygrl/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; vufpm;acsawmfrltHh? trSefaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tmEkabmfjzifh v$rf;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif/ vuf pm;acsawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;95) (tdk=eADwrefawmf)toifonf r,kHr-unfaoGznfjiif;y,faomolwdk‹tm; (Todk‹)ajym-um; ygav? ‚if;wdk‹onf tu,fIom (r,kHr-unfaoGznfjiif;y,fjcif;rS) &yfpJ-uygrl/ vGefav jyD;aom jypfr+'kp&dkufwdk‹onf ‚if;wdk‹tzdk‹cGifhv$wfjyD;jzpfacsrnf? odk‹&mwGif tu,fIom ‚if; wdk‹onf xyfrHIjyKvkyf-uygv#if/ {uefrvGJ a&S;ola[mif;wdk‹ESifhywfoufaom (igt&Sif jrwf.)pnf;urf;Oya'onfvnf; vGefcJhjyD;jzpfacsownf;? (pl&mtvftifzgvf 8;38) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu t±Sifjrwf.omoemwGif av#mhayghvdkufavsmr+ t-uD;tus,f ay;xm;jyD;jzpfa-umif; ,kHrSm;oHo, jzpfp&mta-umif; r&SdEdkifawmhacs?

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf qkawmif;jcif;tm;vkH;udk ajz-um;jznfhpGrf; awmfrlI/ vlwdkif;ESifhvnf; tvGefw&meD;uyfpGm &Sdawmfrl.? bmomomoemESifh a0;uGmaomtodkif;t0dkif;rsm;wGif tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ qkawmif;yef-um;jcif;onf t,lonf;r+ESifhrSm;,Gif;aomt,ltqrsm;ESifhjynfheufvsuf ±+wfaxG;ayGvDvSayonf? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ qkawmif;ywˆemjyKEdkifaomtcsdef rsm;udk rdrdwdk‹taejzifh tcsdefra±G;qkawmif;Edkifaomfvnf;/ oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;-u.? odk‹r [kwf olwdk‹ESifhtv†m[ft&Sifjrwft-um;Y udk,fpm;vS,fxm;avh&Sd-u.? xdkuJhodk‹aom rSm; ,Gif;onfh t,ltqrsm;ESifhywfoufI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owday;xm;awmfrlavonf? owdjyK-uavukef? oef‹oef‹jzpfaomqnf;uyfudk;uG,fr+onf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifhom oufqdkif.? odk‹&mwGif t-uifolwdk‹onf xdkt&Sifjrwftjyif tjcm;umuG,fapmifha&Smufol rsm; jyKvkyfcJh-ujyD;v#if ‚if;wdk‹onf u|Ekfyfwdk‹tm; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;odk‹ eD;uyf ap-u&efomv#if u|Ekfyfwdk‹onf ‚if;wdk‹tm; qnf;uyfudk;uG,f-uonf([k qdk-uukef.)?

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{uefpifppf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf(ud,mrwfae‹wGif) ‚if;wdk‹tcsif;csif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I ‚if; wdk‹t-um;0,f pD&ifqkH;jzwfawmfrlayrnf? pifppf{uef tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rkom0g 'Djzpfol vGefpGmaus;Zl;uef;oltm; w&m;vrf;rSefodk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlrnf r[kwfay? (pl&m tvfZlr&f 39;3) tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ 'dktmqkawmif;yef-um;&mY -um;yk*~dKvfwpfOD;OD;vdktyf onf[k ajymolonf bmoma&;usifhpOfrsm;onf cufcJaomt&mjzpfonf[k vlwdk‹udk wpf ywf&dkuft,kHoGif;jcif;omjzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmf 50;16 wGif tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu Todk‹rdef‹qdkxm;awmfrl.? “xdkrSwyg; { uefrvGJ igt&Sifjrwfonf rEk\vlom;tm; zefqif;awmfrlcJh.? xdk‹jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;Y ‚if;.pdwfu rodromay:aygufapaomt&mudkvnf; odawmfrl.? pifppfaomfum; igt&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;.vnfacsmif;aoG;a-umxufyif ‚if;ESifhydkrdkeD;uyfpGm&Sdaeawmfrl.?” tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwdkif;xufu|Ekfyfwdk‹ESifhydkrdkeD;uyfpGm&Sd.? xdk‹a-umifht&Sifjrwf. tapmifha&SmufcHtaxmufyHhcHolonf t&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ rdrdvdktyfonfudk tcsdefra&G; 'dktmawmif;qdk yef-um;EdkifcGifh&Sdayonf? yk*~dKvfwdkif;onf xdkodk‹yef-um;&eftwGuf oD;jcm;tcsdefudk apmifhqdkif;ae&efrvdktyf acs? xdkolonf tcsdefra&G;ae&mra&G; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;odk‹ 'dktmawmif;yef-um; EdkifcGifh&Sdayonf? odk‹r[kwfygu rdrdtwGuf rrSefruefvkyfZmwfvkyf-uHzefwD;ayvdrfhrnf? ae&mwae&modk‹c&D;oGm;vmaepOfjzpfap/ avScg;wufvSrf;aepOfjzpfap/ aps;0,faepOfjzpf ap/ wDAD&kyfjrifoH-um;-unfh±+aepOfjzpfap/ wpfOD;wpfa,mufudk apmifhqdkif;aepOfjzpfap/ n pm pm;yGJcif;-uif;jyifqifaepOfjzpfap/ "gwfavScg;pD;aepOfjzpfap/ tdyf,m0ifcsdefjzpfap/ eH eufpmpm;aecsdefjzpfap/ um;armif;aepOfjzpfap/ tcsdefra&G;'dktmawmif;yef-um;EdkifcGifh &Sd.? wpfckckudkpOf;pm;onfhtcsdefavmufESifhyif xdkuJhodk‹'dktmqkawmif;jcif;twGuf vkHavmufae ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkol'dktmqkawmif;jcif;rjyKrD xdkol.0rf;wGif;&ifwGif;Y &SdaepOftwGif;wGifyif odESifhjyD;jzpfayonf? xdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ 'dktmawmif; yef-um;jcif;udk t&Sifjrwfu -um;odawmfrlI jznfhpGrf;ay;rnfjzpfayonf? rdrdtvdk&Sd&mudpPt00twGuf t&Sifjrwfbuf odk‹ vSnfhvmI awmif;yefwdk;±d+;olwdk‹twGuf t&m&mY vG,fulr+&Sdatmif jznfhpGrf;ay;rnf[k tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtm; rv$Jra&Smifomaomol ('kuQonf)u [pfac:wrf;wavaomt cg ‚if;tm;jyefI xl;awmfrl.? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ab;'kuQudkvnf; z,f±Sm;awmfrl .? xdkrSwyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf urBmajrY toifwdk‹tm; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; jyKvkyfawmfrl .? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifhtwl tjcm;qnf;uyfudk;uG,f&m[lI &Sdygao;oavm? toifwdk‹ onf tenf;i,fr#omv#if pOf;pm;-uukefownf;? (pl&m tvfervf 27;62) TuJhodk‹aom tqkH;r&SdonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;ay;xm;jcif;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tqkH;r&Sdaom-uifemw&m;r[mu&k%mawmfudk jyqdkxm;jcif;yif jzpfayonf? tv†m[f t&Sifjrwfonf vlom;wdk‹ESifh eD;uyfpGm&Sdjcif;/ t&SifjrwfxHodk‹ csOf;uyfolwdk‹udk apmifh a&Smufawmfrlrnfhta-umif;ESifh t&SifjrwfxHodk‹ 'dktmqkawmif;csufrsm;udk xl;awmfrlrnf 37

jzpfa-umif;/ ponfwdk‹udk uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmftajrmuftjrm;wGif jyqdk xm;ayonf? xdktm,wfawmfrsm;teuf atmufygtm,wftydk'fwGif Todk‹qdkxm;.? xdk‹jyifw0 igt&Sifjrwf.u|efrsm;onf igt&SifjrwfESifhywfoufI toifhxH ar;jref;-u aomtcg0,f rkcs{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf eD;uyfpGmyif &Sdawmfrl.? igt&Sifjrwfonf qk awmif;ywˆemjyKcsufudk oabmwlvufcHawmfrl.? odk‹jzpfav&m ,if;olwdk‹onf igt&Sif jrwf.trdef‹awmfrsm;udk vufcHem,lI igt&Sifjrwfudkom ,kH-unfjrwfEdk;-u&rnf? odk‹rS omv#if ,if;olwdk‹onf ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom w&m;vrf;udk &&Sd-uolrsm;jzpfwef&m.? (pl&m tvfbuU&m[f 2;186) rGwfpvifrfwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.-uifemw&m;r[mu&k%mawmfESifh xdkt &Sifjrwfu ay;oem;awmfrlaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmtjzmjzmudk pOf;pm;qifjcif atmufarho wd&-uI/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu oabmwlaomenf;vrf;twdkif; jyefvnfaexdkif-u&ef oifh ayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;.ydkif&SifjzpfawmfrlI vlwdk‹. vdktifqENtm;vkH;udk jznfhwif;ay;rnf[k *wday;xm;jyD;jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? xdk‹ tjyif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t±Sifjrwf.*wdopPmudk b,faomtcgr# zsufonf[lIr&Sd ay?

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf wwfEdkifpGrf;onfxufydkaom 0efxkyf0efydk;udk ray;acs? TurBmavmu rsufarSmuftcsdefY awG‹-uHK&onfhtajctaewdkif;onf/ tvGefcufcJ aomtajctaeyifjzpfvifhupm; xdkolcHEdkifpGrf;aomtwdkif;twmtwGif;Yomv#if &Sday onf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu vlom;wdk‹udk zefqif;xm;I xdkvlom;udk0dnmOfoGif;ay;xm; .? xdk‹a-umifh xdkvlom;onf rnfr#-uD;rm;av;vHaom '%fudkcHEdkif&nf&Sdonfudk tv†m[f t&Sifjrwfu aumif;pGmod&SdjyD;jzpf.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf. pGrf;&nfxufydkaom wm0efudk ray;a-umif;ESifh rnfolur# rw&m;jyKusifhjcif;udk cH&rnfr[kwf[k uk&ftmefusrf; awmf jrwf tm,wftydk'ftajrmuftjrm;wGif az:jyxm;ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufr# xdkol. pGrf;tm;xufydkI wm0efay; awmfrrlacs? rdrdudk,fwdkif &SmazGqnf;yl;jyKvkyfcJhaom (aumif;r+.tusKd;onf)omv#if xdk ol.tbdk‹jzpfI/ rdrdudk,fwdkif &SmazGqnf;yl;jyKusifhaom (raumif;r+.tjypfonf)omv#if xdkol. tay:Ywif±SdtHh? (pl&mtvfbuU&m[f 2;286) xdk‹tjyif t-uifolwdk‹onf ouf0if,kH-unf-u.? ‚if;jyif aumif;jrwfaom tusifhoDv rsm;udkvnf; aqmufwnf-uukef.? igt&Sifjrwfonf rnfol‹udkrqdk ‚if;.tiftm;ESifh tr#omv#if wm0efay;awmfrl.? xdkolwdk‹onfyifv#if *sEMwftrw okcbHkom;rsm;jzpf-u ukef.? xdkolwdk‹onf ,if;*sEMwftrw okcbkHYyif xm0pOf aexdkifpHjref;-uvwWHŒ? (pl&mtvfttf&mzf 7;42)

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vlwpfOD;csif; awG‹-uHKaqmif&Guf&rnfhudpPrsm;onfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;-urnfom jzpfayonf? vltajrmuftjrm;udk qif;&JEGrf;yg;jcif;jzifh onf;cHr+rnfr#±Sdonfudk prf;oyf a-umif; awGŒ&Sd&ayonf? tcsdKŒvlwdk‹udkrlum; OpPm"eayg-uG,f0apI xdkolwdk‹wGif tv†m[f t&Sifjrwftm;rnfr# aus;Zl;wifwwfonf/ Tavmuudk avmbw-uD;wG,fwmr+rnfr#&Sd onf/ ponfjzifhprf;oyfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; qif;&JolESifh csrf;om-uG,f0olESpfrsdK;pvkH; wdk‹onf olwdk‹ESifh xdkufoifhaomtaumif;qkH;b0jzifh touf&Sif-u&jcif;jzpfayonf? qif; &JEGrf;yg;olonf rnfr#yifcsdKŒwJhapumrl/ xdkol‹twGuf b0&Sifaea&;twGuf pGrf;aqmifEdkif jcif;&Sdaernfomjzpfonf? OpPm"ecsrf;om-uG,f0olonfvnf; ol."eypPnf;rsm;u xdkol udk aus;Zl;uef;onfhyk*~dKvftjzpf ysufjym;oGm;apjcif;r&Sday? aemufqkH; w&m;pD&ifrnfhau ,mrwfae‹ESifhywfoufI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudka-umuf &GŒH&dk-udK;jcif;u xdkolwdk‹udk uk&ftmef usrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aom bmomomoemu csrSwfxm;aom udk,fusifhw&m;rsm; twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;aexdkif-uvdrfhrnf? xdkuJhodk‹aom yk*~dKvfrsm;onf rdrdjyKvkyfor#ESifh awG‹-uHKonfhudpPt00wdk‹wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudkomv#if tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK-uayrnf? xdkolwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDESifh oabmwlnDcsufudk &,l&efomv#if -udK; pm;-uayrnf? olwdk‹tm; prf;oyfaomudpPwdk‹onf tvGefyifcufcJaomfjim;vnf; pdwfysuf oGm;jcif;/ bmomomoemrS a0;uGmoGm;jcif; r&Sd-uacs? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif rdrdudk,fudk vkH;0ykHtyfI ,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ ‚if;wdk‹twGuf tvGefw&mcufcJaomtr+udpPrsm;wGifyif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. -uifemoem;jcif;*&k%mawmfa-umifh vG,fulpGm ausmfvGefjyD;ajrmuf Edkif-uavonf? Tta-umif;ESifhywfoufI pl&mtvfumzf (18;88)wGif &Sif;jyxm;ay onf? “odk‹&mwGif rnfolrqdk ouf0if,kH-unfI aumif;jrwfaomtusifhoDvrsm;udk usifhrl aqmufwnfcJhygrl xdkol.tzdk‹ tusKd;tm;jzifh taumif;qkH;aomt&myif &Sdayrnf? xdkrSw yg; trSefyifu|Ekfyfonfvnf; rdrdtrdef‹xkwfjyefcsufwGif El;nhHaompum;udk ajymqdkaytHho wnf;?” TrSefuefcsufudk tjcm;tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif xyfrHjyqdkxm;avonf? odk‹jzpfay&m rnfodk‹yifjzpfap/ t-uifolonf ay;urf;vSL'gef;av.? ‚if;jyif (tv†m[ft &Sifjrwftm;) a-umuf&GHŒav.? xdkrSwyg; xkdolonf aumif;jrwfaomt&mudk [kwfrSef onf[k ,kH-unfvufcHav.? odk‹jzpfv#if r-umrDyif igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; vG,ful r+odk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlonf? (pl&m tvfvdkif;vf 92;5=7) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kHr-unfolwdk‹onf vG,fulaomtr+udpPudkyif cufcJonf [k xif-u.? ‚if;wdk‹. aus;Zl;uef;jcif;/ omoemudk jiif;y,fjcif;/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmf jrwf&Sd udk,fusifhw&m;rsm;ESifh a0;uGmjcif;/ ponfwdk‹a-umifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkol wdk‹udk TurBmavmuwGif ydkrdkcufcJjcif;rsm;jzpfap.? odk‹&mwGif rnfodk‹yifjzpfap/ t-uifolonf (ay;urf;vª'gef;jcif;rjyKbJ) ap;eJ.? ‚if;jyif xdkolonf (rdrdudk,fudk) vdkvm;awmifhwjcif;uif;rJhonf[k xifrSwfav.? xdkrSwyg; xdk olonf aumif;jrwfomt&mudk r[kwfrrSef[k jiif;qdk.? odk‹jzpfv#if r-umrDyif igt&Sif jrwfonf xdkoltm; cufcJr+odk‹ ydk‹ay;awmfrlrnf? ‚if;jyif xdkolonf wGif;xJodk‹usaomtcg ‚if;.ypPnf;OpPmonf ‚if;.tzdk‹ tokH;0ifvdrfhrnf r[kwfaywum;? {uefrvGJ w&m;vrf; n$efjyjcif;onf igt&Sifjrwf.wm0efyif jzpf.? (pl&m tvfvdkif;vf 92; 8=12) 39

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cufcJr+wdkif;twGuf vG,fulr+udk ay;oem;awmfrl.? TurBmavmuwGif vlwdk‹tm;prf;oyf&mwGif tcuftcJwdkif;twGuf vG,fulr+udk vnf; zefwD;xm;awmfrla-umif; owif;aumif;ay;xm;awmfrl.? atmufygtm,wfawmf wGif ,if;r*Fvmowif;udk ay;xm;ayonf? odk‹jzpfay&m {uefrvGJ cufcJr+ESifhtwl vG,fulr+onf ('GefwGJvsufyif) &Sd.? cufcJr+ESifht wl vG,fulr+onf {ueftrSef ('GefwGJvsufyif) ±Sd.? (pl&mtvftifef&Sd&m[f 94;5=6) wrefawmfjrwf(qG)ESifh bmoma&;udkif;±+dif;olwdk‹.b0ta-umif;udk uk&ftmefusrf; awmfjrwfwGifygonfhtwdkif; -unfhrnfqdkv#if/ olwdk‹-uHKawG‹cJh-u&onfh tvGefcufcJrnf[k xif&aomtajctaewdkif;wGif/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfu vG,fulr+udk zefwD;ay;awmfrl.? “odrf;ydkufpdk;rdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif” [laomtv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. *k%fawmft& vlwdk‹. b0 vrf;a-umif;tm;vkH;udk zGifhay;xm;awmfrlI vG,fulatmifvnf; jyKjyifay;awmfrl.? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. emrHawmftwGif;Y &kef;uefae-u &mwGif cufcJr+rsm;&Sdojzifh rdrdwdk‹. tdrf,mrsm;udk ypfxm;um tjcm;ae&modk‹ [pf*sf&wf jyKa&$Œajymif;oGm;olwdk‹ESifhywfoufI Oyrmtjzpfjyxm;onf? xdkyk*~dKvfwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.t vkyftudkif/ tdrf,m/ jcHajrESifh OpPmypPnf;rsm;udk ypfxm;I olwdk‹bmrSrodaomae&m@meodk‹ OD;wnfxGufoGm;cJh-uonf? u|Ekfyfwdk‹jyifyrS-unfhv#if xdktajctaeonftvGefcufcJvS.? odk‹aomfvnf; xdk[pf*sf&wfjyKolrGwfpvifrfwdk‹. tajctaeudk vG,fulapcJhjcif;jzifh aumif; csD;ay;awmfrlcJha-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf pl&mtefeDqmwGif jy qdkxm;ayonf? ‚if;jyif t-uifolonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.vrf;awmfY ‘[pf*sf&wf’wae&mrSwae&modk‹ a&$Œajymif;jcif;udkjyKtHh/ xdkolonf urBmajrjyif0,f (cdkvH+&m) ae&mrsm;pGmudkvnf;aumif;/ us,f0ef;aom (vGwfvyf)r+udkvnf;aumif;/ awG‹&SdaytHh? pifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf (ESpfoufawmfrlaomae&m)udk &nfpl;I‚if;/ xdkt&Sifjrwf. &plvfwref awmfjrwf(tm;ulnDjcif;)udk &nfpl;I‚if;/ rdrdtdrfrS ‘rk[m*spf&f’wae&mrS wae&modk‹ a&$Œ ajymif;oltjzpf xGufcJhjyD;aemuf (vrf;c&D;Yyif) xdkolY ‘r&%’aojcif;w&m;qdkufa&muf vm(ojzifh aoqkH;)cJhrl/ rkcs{uef xdkol.tusdK;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftay:Y twnfjzpf acsjyD? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;100) xdkuJhodk‹ uwdjyKonfhtwdkif;/ wrefawmfjrwf.acwf&Sd rGwfpvifrfwdk‹udk oufaocH tjzpf ulnDrpcJhawmfrl.? avmuDpnf;pdrfOpPmypPnf;rsm;udk tav;rxm;bJ tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf.vrf;awmfY udk,fusKd;pGef‹cJh-uol wrefawmfjrwf(qG).om0ursm;udk tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfu taumif;qkH;tajctaejzpfatmif zefwD;ay;awmfrlcJhavonf? xdkolwdk‹. vkyfudkif pm;aomufr+tajctaeudk/ tjcm;olwdk‹.vkyfudkifpm;aomufr+xuf ydkrdkoufomaumif;rGef apcJhawmfrlayonf? xdkuJhodk‹ qG[mb[fom0ursm;u vufcH&&Sdaomaumif;csD;r*Fvmrsm; ESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf?

40

wzef toifwdk‹onf jyefvnfI owd&-uavukef? w&Ha&mtcg0,f toifwdk‹onf (ta& twGuftm;jzifh) tenf;i,fr#om&Sd-uukef.? wdkif;jynfwGif tiftm;enf;yg;olrsm;vnf; jzpf-uukef.? (odk‹jzpfay&m) toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tm; olwyg;wdk‹u &kwfw&uftm;jzifh (jyKwfjyKef;atmif) vk,ufwdkufcdkufowfjzwf-urnfudk pdk;&drfvsuf&Sd-uukef.? xdk‹aemuf xdk(tv†m[f)t&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹aus;Zl;awmfudk odwwf-utHhaomiSm toifwdk‹tm; cdk udk;&efae&mcsay;awmfrlcJhavonf? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; rdrd.tult nDjzifh tiftm;vnf;jznfhI ay;awmfrlcJhavonf? xdkrSwyg; toifwdk‹tm;oef‹&Sif;pif-u,f aom&duQmrsm;udkvnf; csD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlcJhavownf;? (pl&mtvftefzgvf 8;26) rGwfpvifrfwdk‹.b0udk vG,fuloufomapjcif;&Sda-umif;od&Sd&ef tjcm;wrefawmf rsm;. b0tawG‹t-uHKrsm;onfvnf; Oyrmaumif;rsm;jzpfayonf? Oyrm/ wrefawmf,lqGzf(tvdkifa[hqvmrf).b0c&D;wpfckvkH;wGif awG‹-uHK&onfh tcuftcJrsm;udk oufomajyaysmufapaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk -unhf-uygpdk‹? wrefawmf ,lqGzf(t)udk ol.tpfudkrsm;u a&wGif;xJodk‹ ypfcsxm;onfudk c&D;oGm;olrsm;u awG‹&SdcJh onf? xdkc&D;oGm;ukefonfrsm;uvnf; ,lqGzf(t)udk 0ef-uD;wpfyg;xHodk‹ u|eftjzpfa&mif; cscJhonf? r-umrDtwGif;ol‹tm; tjypfrvkyfrdaomfvnf; tjypfwpfckusL;vGefonf[k pGyfpGJcH &jyD; axmifcscH&avonf? yxrydkif;wGif ,lqGzf(t).b0onf tvGefcufcJonf[k xif rSwf&ayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhjynfhpkHjcif;ESifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk aus;Zl; wifwwfjcif;twGuf xdkcufcJr+rsm;udk vG,fuloufomapcJh.? r-umrDtwGif; bk&ifhb¾m awmfxdef;0ef-uD;tjzpf cef‹tyfjcif;cH&avonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ wrefawmfrlqm(t) awG‹-uHKcJh&aomtcuftcJrsm;udk ajy aysmufapouJhodk‹ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfudk ouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHhawmf rl.? wrefawmfrlqm(t)onf/ urBmavmuwGif tqdk;oGrf;qkH;yk*~dKvfwpfOD;jzpfol az±dk;bk &if(zpf&fatmifef)ESifh &ifqdkifcJh&mwGif/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tultnDjzifh tay:pD;&cJhav onf? wrefawmfrlqm(t)onf/ ol.nDjzpfol [m±Geftm; tultnDay;olwrefawmf wpfyg;tjzpf xyfrHcef‹tyfay;awmfrl&ef 'dktmqkawmif;onfhtcg/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu vnf; oabmwlawmfrlcJhavonf? xdk‹tjyif/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf wrefawmfrlqm(t) tm;/ xl;qef;tHh-ozG,faumif;aom pGrf;yum;rsm;ay;I/ ,if;az±dk;bk&if. arSmfq&mrsm;udk tEdkif&apcJhavonf? wrefawmfrlqm(t)onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. prf;oyfr+t& tcuf cJqkH;jy\emudk -uHKawG‹ae&onfhtcsdefwGifyif/ t&Sifjrwf.tultnDonf rGwfpvifrfwdk‹ ESifhtwl tpOftjrJ&Sdaeonfhtcsufudk rarhcJhacs? yifv,feDodk‹ vltkyf-uD;ESifhtwl xGufajy; vmcJhpOfu/ az±dk;.ppfwyfu olwdk‹udktrSDvdkufvmonfhtcsdefwGif/ ol.taygif;yg om0ursm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDonf/ olwdk‹ESifhtwl tpOftjrJ&Sdaea-umif;/ wpfenf;enf;jzifh vGwfajrmufvdrfhrnfjzpfa-umif;/ owday;cJhavonf? (xdktcg)rlqmu tv#if;(tzrf;cH-u&rnf)r[kwf/ rvGJ{uef ightm;zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrl aom t&Sifjrwfonf igESifhtwl &Sdawmfrlay&m/ ,ckyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ightm;(yifv,frS xGufEdkif&ef )vrf;n$efawmfrlrnf[k jyef-um;cJhav.?

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xdktcg igt&Sifjrwfonf rlpm.xHodk‹ ‘toifonf rdrdawmifa0S;jzifh yifv,fudk &dkufcwf ygav’[k trdef‹awmf xkwfjyefawmfrlcJh.? odk‹jzpfay&m (rlpmonf trdef‹twdkif; &dkufcwf avaomf) xdkyifv,frSm uGJIoGm;jyD;v#if a&.tpktykHtoD;oD;wdk‹rSm -uD;rm;vSpGmaom awmif-uD;rsm;yrm jzpfoGm;cJh-uav.? ‚if;jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf tjcm;tkyfpk(jzpfaom zpf&fatmifefESifh ‚if;.tajcGt&Hwdk‹)udk vnf; xdkae&modk‹ ydk‹awmfrlcJh.? xdkrSwyg; igt&Sifjrwfonf rlpmtm;vnf;aumif;/ xdkrlpm.taygif;ygwdk‹tm;vnf; aumif;/ tm;vkH;udkyif u,fwifawmfrlcJh.? xdk‹aemuf igt&Sifjrwfonf tjcm;tkyfpk(jzpfaom zpf&fatmifefESifh ‚if;.tajcGt&Hwdk‹)udk (yifv,feDwGif) ESpfjr‡KyfawmfrlcJh.? pl&mtvf±+t&m26;62=66 wrefawmfjrwf rdk[rR'f(qG)udk,fawmfjrwfu tjcm;rGwfpvifrfwpfOD;ESifhtwlwuG xGufajy;pOf umzd&frsm;u wrefawmfjrwfudk owfjzwf&ef aemufrSvdkufvmcJh-u&m *lwpfckwGif;Y 0ifa&mufykef;atmif;aecJh-u.? wrefawmfjrwfudk ulnDoljzpfojzifh tv†m[f t&SifjrwfxHrS tcuftcJudkvG,fuloGm;atmif ulnDapmifrcJhavonf? Ttjzpftysuf onfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf cufcJr+udk vG,fulapjcif;om"uwpfckjzpfayonf? tu,fItoifwdk‹onf xdk(eADwrefawmf)tm; rulnDr,dkif;yif;-uygv#if rkcs{ueftv†m [ft&Sifjrwfonf/ xdkeADwrefawmfudk “umzd&f”r,kHr-unfaoGznfjiif;y,folrsm;u ‚if; tm; ESifxkwf-upOf ‚if;(eADwrefawmf)onf ESpfa,mufteuf 'kwd,jzpfcJhpOf ‚if;wdk‹ESpfOD; *lxJY&Sdae-upOf xdkwrefawmfu rdrdtaz:tm; “toifrylygavESifh/ rkcs{uef tv†m[ft &Sifjrwfonf igwdk‹ESifhtwl&Sdawmfrlonf”[k ajymqdkI&SdaepOf ulnDrdkif;rawmfrlcJhavonf? (pl&mtwfawm0fbm 9;40) trSefrSm/ tjzpftysufwdkif;.twGif;oabmudk eufeufeJeJawG;awmqifjcif-unfhyg u/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vl‹b0wav#mufvkH;wGif tcsdefor,wdkif;twGuf pDrHuGyfuJr+ &Sdaea-umif;udk odEdkifayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk a-umuf&GHŒolrsm;/ rdrd udk,fudk xdkt&SifjrwfY ykHtyfxm;olrsm;/ rnfonfhtcgrqdk tcuftcJrsm;udk-uHKawG‹&wdkif; xdktcuftcJ[lor#onf rdrd.uH-urRmomv#ifjzpfonf[k owdw&m;&Sdolyk*~dKvf/ tv†m[f t&Sifjrwfomv#if rdrdudk ulnDapmifrEdkifaom teD;qkH;rdwfaqGo*F[jzpfI rdrdudkapmifh a&Smufaeaomt±Sifjzpfa-umif;udk od&SdvufcHolwdk‹onfomv#if/ TtrSefw&m;udk od&SdEdkif ayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomyk*~dKvfrsm;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolwdk‹rar#mfvifhbJESifh olwdk‹. tcuftcJrsm;udk vG,fulr+&Sdaprnfjzpfa-umif;/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif rdef‹qdkxm;ay onf? ===xdkonfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm;vnf;aumif;/ aemufqkH;ae‹udkvnf;aumif;/ ouf 0if,kH-unfaomoltm; qkH;r-o0g'ay;jcif;yifjzpf.? pifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk tv†m[f t&Sifjrwftm; a-umuf&GHŒonf&Sdaomf xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdkolwdk‹.tzdk‹ xGufajrmuf&menf; vrf;udk jyKvkyfIay;oem;awmfrlayrnf?

42

xdkrSwyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; xdkolrxifaomae&mrS pm;eyf&duQmudk csD;jr‡ihfay;o em;awmfrlayrnf? xdkrSwyg; rnfolrqdk tv†mt&Sifjrwftay:Y ,kH-unftm;xm;ygrl xdkt &Sifjrwfonf xdkol.tzdk‹ vkHavmufawmfrl.? {uefrvGJ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyf odrf;wdk‹ESifhpyfvsOf;I twdkif;twmtcsdeftqwpfckudk jyKvkyfIxm;&Sdawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvfwGvmuf 65;2=3) -uG,f0csrf;omaomolonf rdrd-uG,f0r+ESifhavsmfnDpGm okH;pGJ&ayrnf? odk‹&mwGif pD;yGm;OpPm usyfwnf;aomolrsm;rSmrlum; rdrdtm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf csD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlor# (OpPm ypPnf;)teufrS okH;pGJ&ayrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkr#yif rd rdcsD;jr‡ifhay;oem;awmfrlonfxufydkI wm0efay;onfr[kwfay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf usyfwnf;r+.aemufwGif r-umjrifhrDyif acsmifvnfr+udk zefwD;I ay;oem;awmfrltHo wnf;? (pl&mtvfwGvmuf 65;7) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfrsm;wGif rdef‹qdkxm; ouJhodk‹ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfrsm;udk pdwfapwemoef‹oef‹jzifh vdkufemolwdk‹t wGuf udpPt00udk vG,fulapayonf? Ttcsufudk ,kH-unfolwdk‹onfvnf; tcuftcJESifh -uHKawGŒ-u&aomtcg tm;enf;aysmhnHhaomrsufESmrsm;udk rjy-uacs? pl&mtvftif&SD&[fwGif/ 'kuQqif;&J tcuftcJwdkif;twGuf vG,fulr+ESifh at;csrf; om,mr+ &Sda-umif;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if vlwdk‹.0efxkyf0efydk;rsm;udk ayghyg;ap a-umif; jyqdkxm;.? (tdk=eADwrefawmf)igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.&ifudk zGifhay;awmfrlcJhonfr[kwfavm? ‚if; jyif igt&Sifjrwfonf toif.tay:rS toif.0efxkyfudk csay;awmfrlcJhonf? xdk0efxkyf onf toif.ausmudk udkif;nGwfapcJh.? xdkrSwyg; igt&Sifjrwfonf toif. *k%f owif;udk ausmf-um;apawmfrlonf? odk‹jzpfay&m {uefrvGJ cufcJr+ESifhtwl vG,fulr+onf &Sd.? cufcJr+ESifhtwl vG,fulr+onf {ueftrSef('GefwGJvsuf)&Sd.? (pl&mtifef&Sd&m[f 94;1=6)

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ rktfrifef,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; olwdk‹rod&bJ tuG,frSaeI ulnDaxmufyhHvsuf&Sd.? TurBmavmu-uD;udk/ vlwdk‹u tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; rnfr#,kH-unfa-umif; od&Sd &eftwGuf zefqif;xm;jcif;jzpfa-umif; tpydkif;wGif az:jycJhjyD;jzpfonf? Tprf;oyfonfh ,ifjyif-uD;udk jyifyrSaeI -unfhygu/ aumif;r+ukodkvfjyKolwdk‹ESifh raumif;r+'kp&dkufusL; vGefolwdk‹onf/ tqifhtwef;csif; wef;wljzifh aexdkif-uonf[k jrif&ayrnf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfolwdk‹.b0ESifh xdkt&Sifjrwfudk r,kHr -unfolwdk‹. aexdkifykHb0onf tvGefuGmjcm;vsuf&Sdayonf? txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif;/ tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif tDrmef,l,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf t&m&mY vG,fulr+&Sdaponf? trSef wu,fcufcJ'kuQa&mufaomtajctaersm;wGifyif vGwfajrmuf&mvrf;rsm;udk ay;xm;awmf rl.? Tonfum; tv†m[ft±SifjrwfxHawmfrSvmaom tultnDyifjzpfayonf? 43

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ t&Sifjrwf.aus;u|efawmfrsm;. cufcJr+rsm;udk olwdk‹awG;xifEdkif jcif;r&Sdonfh enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh vG,fulaprnf[k owif;aumif;ay;xm;awmfrl.? uk&ftmef usrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aom ulnDaxmufyHhr+enf;vrf;rsm;teuf tcsdKŒudk acgif;pOf i,frsm;atmufwGif az:jytyfygonf?

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rktfrifefwdk‹xHodk‹ aumif;uifwrefrvmathu[fudk apv$wfI ulnDap.? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹xHodk‹ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDay;&mwGif tcsdef tcgae &ma'otvdkuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;ayonf? enf;wpfenf;rSm/ rktfrifefrsm; tultnDvdktyfaeonfhtcsdefwGif rvmathu[faumif;uifwrefrsm;udk apv$wfI ulnD ap.? TuJhodk‹tultnDay;jcif;ESifhywfoufI/ u|Efkyfwdk‹. wrefawmfjrwf(qG)oufawmf xif&Sm;aepOftwGif; tjzpftysufwpfckjzifh oufaojyxm;awmfrla-umif; uk&ftmefusrf; awmfjrwfwGif az:jyxm;rl.? (tdk=eADwrefawmf) xdktcgtoifonf “rktfrifef”ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; Todk‹ajym -um;vsuf&SdcJhavonf? toifwdk‹udk arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; (xdkt &SifjrwftxHawmfrS) qif;oufapawmfrljcif;cH&avaom ‘rvmtdu[f’tyg;awmfapwref okH;axmifjzifh ulnDapmifrawmfrljcif;onf toifwdk‹tbdk‹ rvkHavmufygavm? (pl&mtmavh tDrf&mef 3;124=126) uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd tjcm;tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unf olwdk‹ rsufpdjzifhrjrif&onfhppfonfawmfaygif; tajrmuftjrm;wdk‹jzifh ulnDapmifrawmfrl a-umif; az:jyxm;ayonf? tdk=rktfrifef ouf0if,kH-unfoltaygif;wdk‹/ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tay:Y tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf (jyKawmfrlaom) aus;Zl;awmfudk jyefvnfowd&&Sd-uavukef? tcgwyg;Y toifwdk‹xH odk‹ rsm;pGmaom ppfwyfrsm;onf (wdkufcdkuf&ef) csDwufvmcJh-uukef.? xdk‹aemuf igt&Sif jrwfonf ppfwyfrsm;tay:Y avjyif;wckudkvnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹ rjrif-u&aomppfwyf rsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ apv$wfawmfrlcJh.? trSefaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹ jyKvkyfvsuf&SdcJh-uonfwdk‹udk aumif;pGm ±+jrifawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwfyif jzpfawmfrl.? (pl&mtvft[fZmbf 33;9) rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf tpOfojzifh atmifjrifolrsm;jzpf-uvdrfhrnf [l aom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfay;awmfrlaomowif;onf u|Ekfyfwdk‹rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf t vGefw&ma-ueyfESpfodrfhapaom owif;aumif;yif jzpfayawmhonf? Tae&mwGif tcsufw csufudk owdrl&efvdktyfayonf? ulnDaxmufyHhr+rSefor#onf tv†m[ft&SifjrwftxHawmf rS vmjcif;jzpfI xdkt&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tm%mtmEkabmfESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomt±Sif jzpf awmfrl.? rktfrifefwdk‹onf/ atmifjrifr+rSefor#onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. vufxJwGif&Sd a-umif;od-uayonf? rvmtdu[ftyg;awmfapwrefrsm;.tultnD&&Sdjcif;onf/ aumif; rGefaomowif;jzpfa-umif;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDonfvnf; xdkrvmtdu[frsm;rS

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wqifh ay;awmfrljcif;jzpfa-umif; arhavsmhxm;jcif;r&Sd-uacs? ,if;tjzpfrSefudk uk&ftmef usrf;awmfjrwf tm,wfawmfwpfydk'fwGif xyfrHjyqdkxm;ayonf? t-uiftcg0,f/ toifwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹tm;zefqif;arG;jrLawmfrlaomt&SifjrwftxHawmf wGif ulnDapmifrawmfrl&efav#mufxm; yef-um;vsuf&Sd-uavonf? ‚if;aemuf xdkt&Sif jrwfonf toifwdk‹tm; wyg;jyD;wyg; vm-urnfjzpfaom rvmtdu[faumif;uifwref wpfaxmifjzifh ulnDapmifrawmfrlrnf[k jyef-um;awmfrlcJhavownf;? pifppfaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkuJhodk‹uwday;awmfrljcif;rSm toifwdk‹tzdk‹ 0rf; ajrmufzG,f&mowif;tjzpfom vnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹. pdwfESvkH;rsm;onf xdkowif;jzifh ESpfodrfhjcif;iSmvnf;aumif;/ jyKawmfrlcJhavonf? trSefaomfum; atmifjrifr+onf tv†m[f t&SifjrwftxHawmfrSomv#ifjzpf.? {uefrvGJ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wefcdk;tmEkabmf ESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomt&Sif/ Om%ftajrmftjrifESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlaomt&Sifjrwfyif jzpfawmfrl ayownf;? (pl&mtvftefzgvf 8;9=10)

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfrktfrifefwdk‹.ta&twGufudk olwdk‹.&efolrsm; a&SŒwGif t&Sdxufydkrdkrsm;jym;onf[k jrifap.? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tvdkawmft& acwfwdkif;acwfwdkif;wGif rktfrifefwdk‹.ta&t wGufonf r,kHr-unfolumzd&frsm;.ta&twGufxuf enf;yg;cJhavonf? odk‹aomfvnf; atmifjrifr+onf rktfrifefwdk‹Yomv#if&SdI ta&twGufrsm;olwdk‹Y atmifjrifr+r&SdcJhacs? rktf rifefwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf ay;oem;awmfrlaomtodw&m; Om%ftajrmftjrifrsm;t jyif pdwf"gwfwuf-uGr+rsm;jzifh r,kHr-unfolumzd&frsm;tay:wGif atmifEdkifcJh-uayonf? xdk‹xufru tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu umzd&fwdk‹.tjrifwGif rktfrifefwdk‹.ta&twGufonf tvGefrsm;jym;oa,mif jzpfapawmfrlojzifh aemufqkH;wGif umzd&frsm;.pdwfwGif tay:pD;cH ae&onf[k xifapjyD; a-umuf&GHŒzG,faumif;onf[k jrifapcJhayonf? r,kHr-unfolumzd&frsm;.tjrifwGif rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹.ppfonftif tm;onf tvGefrsm;jym;onf[k xifrSwfapjcif;onftHhzG,ftrSefyifjzpfayonf? rktfrifef wdk‹. pdwfwGifvnf; oufomr+&&Sdapavonf? Todk‹jzifh rktfrifefwdk‹udk atmifEdkifolrsm; jzpfapavonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftvdk awmf&Sdonfhtcgwdkif;wGif rktfrifefwdk‹. tiftm;udk jznfh wif;rsm;jym;apcJha-umif; wrefawmfjrwf(qG)tm; uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd tjcm;tm,wf awmfrsm;wGif rdef‹awmfrlcJhayonf? rktfrifefwdk‹u onf;cHjcif;w&m;&SdI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf wGif jrJjrHpGm,kH-unftm;udk;-uv#if olwdk‹. pGrf;yum;tiftm;udk -uD;rm;aprnfjzpfa-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu *wdu0wfjyKxm;ayonf? tdk=eADwrefawmf/ toifonf ‘rktfrifef’ouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹tm; ppfrufjydKifqdkif wdkuf cdkufjcif;iSm wdkufwGef;E+d;aqmfygav? tu,fI toifwdk‹teuf pGJjrJ-uHŒcdkif (pGmwdkufcdkuf rnfh)ol ESpfq,f&Sd-uygrl/ ‚if;wdk‹onf (umzd&fwdk‹bufrS vl)ESpf&mudk EdSrfeif;Edkif-uukeftHh/ xdkenf;wlpGm tu,fI toifwdk‹teuf (-uHhcdkifpGmwdkufcdkufrnfhol) w&m&Sd-uv#if ‚if;wdk‹ 45

onf umzd&faoGznfjiif;y,faomolwdk‹teufrS (vl)wpfaxmifudk EdSrfeif;Edkif-uygtHh? t a-umif;rlum; ‚if;wdk‹onf em;rvnfaomolrsm; jzpf-uaoma-umifhyif? ,ckaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (toifwdk‹.0efxkyfudk) toifwdk‹rS ayghyg;apawmfrl cJhayjyD? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹Y tiftm;owWd enf;yg;onfudkvnf; od&Sdawmf rlavjyD? odk‹jzpfay&m tu,fI toifwdk‹teuf pGJjrJ(pGmwdkufcdkufrnfh)ol wpf&m&Sd-uygv#if ‚if;wdk‹onf (&efolbufrSvl) ESpf&mudk ESdrfeif;Edkif-uayrnf? xdkenf;wlpGm tu,fI toif wdk‹teuf wpfaxmif±SdcJhrl ‚if;wdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹awmfESifh (&efolwdk‹bufrS vl) ESpfaxmifudk ESdrfeif;Edkif-uayrnf? trSefpifppfaomfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf pGJjrJ -uHŒcdkifolwdk‹ESifhtwl &Sdawmfrlacsownf;? (pl&mtvftefzgvf 8;65=66) txufygtm,wfawmfrsm;wGif jyqdkxm;onfhtwdkif;/ wrefawmfjrwf(qG).vuf xufwGif ppfjzpfaecsdeftwGif; rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹udk/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu ‚if; wdk‹.ta&twGuftiftm;udk &efolrsm;u tvGefrsm;jym;onf[k xifa,mifxifrSm;jzpfapI ulnD apmifrawmfrlcJhayonf? Tonfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH -unfolwdk‹twGuf/ tpOfulnDapmifrolrdwfaqGaumif;jzpfaoma-umifhwnf;? umzd&frsm; .tiftm;ta&twGufonf rnfr#yif-uD;rm;aeapumrl/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if tiftm;aygif;udk pdk;ydkifoljzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ “jzpfap”[k trdef‹ay;jcif; jzifh t&mcyfodrf;wdk‹onf jzpfoGm;avonf? tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. twdkif;twmr±SdtqkH;r&Sd aomtiftm;pGrf;yum;wefcdk;awmfudk rSDcdktm;xm;I ,kH-unfr+tjynfht0&Sdolwdk‹onf/ tpOf ojzifh pdwfvufcsrf;ompGm ESpfodrfha-ueyfaeEdkifayonf?

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ rktfrifefwdk‹.ESvkH;wGif;Y ,kH-unfr+ESifh auseyf ESpfodrfhr+rsm;jzifh jynfhpkHap.? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹ tcuftcJ'kuQqif;&JESifh -uHKawG‹ae-u&onfhtcsdef wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu tpOftjrJ ulnDaxmufyHhr+ay;awmfrla-umif;udk pl&mtvftef zgvfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf? wrefawmfjrwf(qG)oufawmfxif&Sm;aepOfwGif/ rsufjrifouf ao jyawmfrlcJhavonf? (jyefvnfI owd&&Sd-uavukef?) tcgwyg;Y xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rdrdtxHawmfrS toifwdk‹ tay:Y tarmtyef;ajyapjcif;iSm idkufrsnf;jcif;udk zkH;v$rf;apawmfrlcJhavonf? ‚if;jyif t oifwdk‹tay:0,f rdk;aumif;uifrS(rdk;)a&udk toifwdk‹tm; oef‹&Sif;pif-u,fpdrfhaomiSmvnf; aumif;/ toifwdk‹(pdwfESvkH;wGif;)rS ±+difwGmefrdpm>aumif. t-uHay;csufudk yaysmufpdrfh aomiSmvnf;aumif;/ toifwdk‹.pdwfESvkH;rsm; -uHŒcdkifpdrfhaomiSmvnf;aumif;/ (toifwdk‹ .)ajcrsm;udk jrJjrHcdkifjrJpdrfhaomiSmvnf;aumif;/ &GmoGef;apvsuf &SdawmfrlcJhacsownf;? (pl&m tvftefzgvf 8;11) “idkufrsnf;jcif;udk zkH;v$rf;apawmfrlcJhavonf” [laomtydk'fonf/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m jidrfoufr+udk qdkvdkayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ t&Sifjrwfudkoef‹&Sif;pif-u,faom pdwfjzifh tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK ,kH-unfolwdktm;/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&maxmufyHhulnDr+ay;awmfrl.?

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rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onfvnf; jidrf;csrf;r+ESifhtm;udk;,kH-unfr+&Sd&Sdjzifh tcdkiftrm pdwfydkif;jzwfEdkif-uayonf? ,if;uJhodk‹aom pdwfydkif;qdkif&m jidrf;csrf;r+ESifh,kH-unfr+onf/ rktfrifefwdk‹. b0wpf oufwmvkH;wGif xif&Sm;ay:vGifvsuf&Sdayonf? tv†m[ft±SifjrwfESifh aemifwrvGefb0 wGif ,kH-unfr+tjynfht0&Sdolwdk‹onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if tjzpftysufrSefor# t&mcyfodrf;udk pdk;ydkifawmfrla-umif; vufcH,kH-unfxm;-uaoma-umifh/ rnfonfhtcgrqdk &kef;&if;qefcwfa-umufvef‹wkefv+yfvGef;jcif; r&Sd-uacs? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu olwdk‹.b0 ESifh aemifwrvGefb0twGuf taumif;qkH; zefwD;ay;xm;jcif; jzpfonf[k vufcH,kH-unf -uayonf? “(tdk=ouf0if,kH-unfoltaygif;wdk‹) tu,fI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toif wdk‹tm; ulnDapmifrawmfrlygv#if/ toifwdk‹tay:Y atmifjrifv$rf;rdk;rnfhol[lI rnfolwpf OD;wpfa,mufr# &Sdawmhrnfr[kwfay? odk‹&mwGif tu,fIom xdkt&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹ tm; pGef‹ypfxm;awmfrlygv#if/ xdkuJhodk‹pGef‹ypfxm;awmfrljyD;aemuf toifwdk‹tm; ulnD apmifrrnfholonf tb,fol&Sdygao;oenf;? odk‹jzpf&um; ,kH-unfjcif; o'Ngw&m;xm;&Sd aomolwdk‹onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf tay:Yomv#if ,kH-unfpdwfcs tm;xm;-u&ayo wnf;?”[k uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf tydk'f2;160 wGif rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh rGwfp vifrfwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.b0wpfckvkH;udk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfY ykHtyfxm;jcif;jzifh udk,fpdwf ESpfjzm {csrf;om,mpGm aexdkifEdkif-uayonf? rnfr#yif-uD;av;aom 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;&Sdap umrl/ acwWomv#ifjzpfonfudk od&Sd-uayonf? trwokcbkHY ae&rnfh aemifwrvGef b0ESifh Ed+if;,SOfvdkufygu TurBmavmu&Sdoufwef;onf/ tvGefwdkawmif;aomtcsdefom v#ifjzpfonf[k pGJjrJpGm rSwf,l,kH-unfxm;-uayonf? TurBmavmuwGif b0wpfckvkH; 'kuQqif;&JcHpm;-u&aomfvnf; ESpf50=60 avmuftwGif; ukefqkH;oGm;rnfudk od&Sd-u.? ESpfaygif; 50=60avmuftwGif;wGif rdrd.b0udk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;Y tyfESHxm; I/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftvdkawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif;/ udk,fusifhw&m;jynhf0pGmjzifh aexdkiftouf &Sifjcif;a-umifh/ aemifwrvGefb0Y ‘*sEMwf’trwokcbkHwGif tpOftjrJat;jidrf;csrf;ompGm touf&Sif&rnfh tv†m[ft&SifxHrSqkawmfonf xdkESpfaygif; 50=60ESifhEd+if;,SOfvdkufygu tvGef-uD;rm;vSayonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ TurBmavmu.b0wGif pdwfnpfylyefaomua&mufjcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJjcif;/ cdkudk;&mrJhtjzpfpdwftm;i,fjcif;/ b0 udk jiD;aiG‹jcif;/ odk‹r[kwfcufcJ'kuQa&mufonf[k cHpm;ae&jcif;/ ponfwdk‹r&Sdacs? urBmavm u-uD;&Sd tqHk;r&SdaomvSyr+rsm;jzifh rdrdwdk‹.pdwfudk ESpfodrfh-unfEl;jcif;jzifh wif;wdrfa&mifh&J ae-uayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ TtrSefw&m;udk od&Sd-uojzifh/ rnf onfhtajctaeudkyif &ifqdkif-u&apumrl rdrd.uH-urRmudk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfY tyfESHxm;&if; pdwf"gwf-uHŒcdkifjrJjrH-uayonf? TuJhodk‹aom pdwf"gwfqdkif&m oufomr+ & &Sdjcif;onf/ TurBmavmuwGif t-uD;us,fqkH;aom oufomr+yifjzpfayonf? tm;vkH;aompdwfESvkH;wdk‹ESifh tm;vkH;aomtiftm;wdk‹onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. vufwGif;Yomv#if &Sdayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfonfhtajctaeudkrqdk/ rnfodk‹ rqdk/ rnfonfhtcsdefrqdk/ t&Sifjrwftvdk&Sdonfhtwdkif; zefwD;Edkifayonf? rnfolrqdk rnf 47

onfhtm;udk;tm;xm;rSDcdk&mudk &SmazGapumrl/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tvdkqENudkausmfvGefI tjcm;awG‹Edkifrnfr[kwfacs? vlwdkif;u rdrdvkyfaqmifor#ESifh rdrdar#mfvifhonfht&m[lo r#onf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. xdef;uGyfr+twGif;Yomv#if &Sdaejcif;udkod&Sdjcif;onfyif vl om;rsm;twGuf bmomw&m;uay;aomvG,fuloufomr+ jzpfayonf? rdrdu yifyifyef; yef; tywfwukwfvkyfudkifaqmif&GufonfhudpPt00twGuf tusKd;aus;Zl;cHpm;&efar#mfvifh csuftm;vkH;twGuf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfodk‹ tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKjcif;jzifh/ tv†m[ft &SifjrwfxHawmfrS axmufyHhulnDr+udk ykHpHtrsKd;rsdK;jzifh &&Sdayvdrfhrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if toifwdk‹tm; txl;apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmf rlonf? ‚if;jyif xdkt&Sifjrwfonf apmifrolrsm;wGif taumif;qkH; apmifrawmfrlaom t&Sif jrwfyif jzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&m tmavhtdrf&mef 3;150)

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uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf&Sd udk,fusifhw&m;usifh0wftwdkif; aexdkifjcif;.oufomacsmifcsdr+rsm;? The Ease Of Living By The Morals of The Qur'an tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf toifwdk‹. 0efudkavsmhayghapawmfrl&ef &nfpl;awmfrl.? pifppf wrlum; vlom;wdk‹onf tm;tifcsnfheJ‹olrsm;tjzpf zefqif;jcif; cHcJh-u&avownf;? (pl&mtefeDqmtf 4;28) y&[dw0g'&Sdjcif;/ ,kH-unfxdkufjcif;/ t-uifemw&m;&Sdjcif;/ tv,ftvwfykHpHjzifh aexdkifwwfjcif;/ &dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;/ cspf-unfcifrifwwfjcif;/ olqif;&Jwdk‹udk au|;arG; wwfjcif;/ *wdwnfjcif;/ acs;iSm;aomypPnf;rsm;udk tcsdefrSDjyefvnfay;tyfjcif;/ *k%foa& &Sd&Sd aexdkifjcif;/ tawG;tac:&ifhusufjcif;/ pdwfxdcdkufwwfjcif;/ pdwfESvkH;El;nHhjcif;/ cGifh v$wfwwfjcif;/ aus;Zl;odwwfjcif;/ onf;cHwwfjcif;/ &J&ifhjcif;/ &dkaoav;pm;xdkufjcif;/ t jcm;oludk av;pm;wwfjcif;/ pdwfwnfjidrfjcif;/ tjcm;oludk vdrfvnfvSnfhpm;r+rjyKjcif;/ t jcm;oludk txifrao;jcif;/ ponfht&nftcsif;rsm;onf uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu n$ef-um;xm;aomtrdef‹rsm;jzpfayonf? trSefpifppf/ rnfonfhaumif;aomudk,fusifhw&m;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu oabm wltodtrSwfjyKrnfudkum;/ vlwdkif;.todw&m;wGif &SdjyD;jzpfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; ±+dif wGmef. aESmifh,Sufr+a-umifh xdkudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;Edkif&ef tvGef cufcJ-uayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aom udk,fusifhw&m;&Sdonfht&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpkHpGm usifhokH;ae xdkifcJh-uolwdk‹onf wrefawmfjrwfrsm;ESifh xdkwrefawmfrsm;.tyg;awmfom0ursm;yifjzpf -uI vlom;rsm;wGif txGwftxdyftjzpf ausmf-um;cJh-uayonf? ynmrJholwdk‹. udk,fusifh w&m;onf/ tvGefyg;v$mao;i,faomcsnfjzifh wkyfaESmifxm;aom-udK;ESifhwlayonf? t omt,mv+yf&Sm;jcif;jzifh jywfoGm;Edkifayonf? Oyrm tvGefpdwfwnfjidrfonf[k ausmf-um; aomyk*~dKvfwpfOD;onf/ ol.tusdK;pD;yGm;udk xdcdkufonfESifhwjydKifwnf;/ xdef;rEdkifodrf;r& &dkif;pdkif;pGm apmfum;armfum;tjyKtrlrsm; csufcsif;xGufay:vmonfudk awG‹&wwfonf? t vGefao;odrfaomudpPtwGufudkyif onf;cH&rnfhenf;vrf;udk rodacs? u|Efkyfwdk‹. vuf&Sd vl‹tzGJ‹tpnf;wGif/ Todk‹aom rrSefuefonfhtwkta,mifudk,fusifhw&m;rsm;ESifh jynfheuf vsuf&Sdayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ udk,fusKd;udkom-unfhjcif;/ rdrd.tusKd;pD;yGm;udk umuG,f&eftwGuf olwyg;tay: EdkifxufpD;eif;jyKjcif;/ vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;jcif;/ r&dk;om;r ajzmifhrwfjcif;/ [efaqmifjcif;/ pdwf0ifpm;r+uif;rJhjcif;/ olwyg;udktxifjrifao; uJh&Jhjcif;/ armufrmjcif;/ -urf;-uKwfjcif;/ remvdkjcif;/ ponfwdk‹udk omrefjzpf&dk;jzpfpOftjzpfom ,lq avh&Sd-uayonf? trSefrSm ‚if;wdk‹onf todOm%fuif;rJholwdk‹. xGifvkH;rsm;omv#if jzpfay 49

onf? ,QKacwfwGif/ vlwdk‹onf rdrdwdk‹.t&nftcsif;*k%ft*Fgwdk‹udk az:jy&mwGif “u|Efkyfonf tifrwef&nf&G,fcsuf-uD;rm;ygonf/ udk,fusdK;udktrsm;qkH;-unfhwwfygonf/ tjcm;oludkvnf; remvdkwwfygonf?”ponfh raumif;aomt&nftcsif;rsm;udkyif wef zdk;&Sdonfh *k%ft*Fgrsm;tjzpf ta&;w,l*k%f,lwwf-uayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ aemufqkH;wGif vltrsm;uvnf; xdkuJhodk‹aom ,kwfnHhodrfjzif;onfh t&nftcsif;rsm;udk or±dk;us vl‹ obm0tjzpfomv#if vufcHvdkuf-uayawmhonf? trSefrSm/ “touf 70cef‹&Sdolonf rdrdudk,fudk 7ESpf odk‹r[kwf 17ESpft&G,fwkef;u vkdygbJ/”[k omrefvltrsm;wGif ajymavhajymx&Sd-uayonf? xdkuJhodk‹aom rSm;,Gif;onfh t,ltqrsm;a-umifh/ udk,fusifhw&m;ysufjym;onfht&nftcsif;/ tusifhpm&dwWESifh trlt usifhrsm;twdkif; woufvkH;rajymif;vJbJ aexdkifoGm;-uonfudk tvG,fwul vufcH-uav onf? txufu u|Ekfyfwdk‹wifjycJhonfhtwdkif;/ tv†m[ft±Sifjrwfonf/ vlom;rsm;udk zef qif;&mwGif twGif;pdwf&if;taejzifh bmoma&;udk udkif;±d+if;onfhpdwfxm;udk ay;xm;awmf rl.? obm0tm;jzifh/ vlom;onf aumif;aomudk,fusifhw&m;udk wefzdk;xm;wwf-uay onf? tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;rSm avmb-uD;jcif;/ ap;enf;jcif;wdk‹a-umifh tcuftcJrsm;ESifhom -uHKawG‹Edkifayonf? vGefcJhonfh r-umao;rDumvu ausmf-um;cJhonfh bd'lZ…refqtD'fEl&fpD [k trnf&SdaomrGwfpvifrftmvifrfynm±SifwpfOD;u “a&mifjcnf”[laompmtkyfwGif/ atmufygtwdkif; a&;om;xm;ayonf?

“==tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdjcif;udk ouf0if,kH-unfjcif;ESifh ,if;tcsufudk oufaocHjcif;onf/ tvGefwdkawmif;aom/ ajzmifhwef;aom/ vG,fulaomvrf; jzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfwnf&Sdjcif;udk r,kHr-unfjcif;ESifh jiif;y,fjcif;onf tvGefw&m&Snfvsm; cufcJI tEW&m,ftaygif;ESifh jynfheufaomvrf; jzpf.? qdkvkd&if;rSm/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kHr-unfjiif;y,fjcif;/ xdkt&SifESifh 'GHwGJI tjcm;t&mudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif; ponfwdk‹ onf/ ajzmifhpOf;aom/ tajrmftjrifESifhjynfhpkHaom TurBmavmuwGif ,kwWdr&Sday? T urBmavmu-uD;wGif tppt&monf ajzmifhwef;IvG,fulaomvrf;pOfom±Sdojzifh/ p-um0 VmtwGuf aerif;-uD;onf r±SdIrjzpfouJhodk‹/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfI xdkt&Sifjrwf wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdjcif;udk oufaocHjcif;onf/ r&SdrjzpfaomudpPyifjzpfayonf? xdk‹tjyif/ vlom;wdk‹. udk,fusifhw&m;vl‹usifh0wftwGuf toufomqkH;/ tusdK;t&SdqkH;/ twdkqkH;ESifh tEW&m,ftuif;qkH;/ tajzmifhwef;qkH;/ tv,ftvwfvrf;pOf jzpfayonf?” (bd'lZ…rmef ptD'fEl&fpD. a&mifjcnfwef;rsm; [kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&frS 15ckajrmuf a&mifjcnfwef; jzpf.?) bd'lZ…rmefptD'fEl&fpD. aemufxyfpmtkyfwpftkyfwGif/

“r,kHr-unfaoGjznfolwdk‹av#mufaomvrf;onf a&cJjyifay:wGifvrf;av#mufouJhodk‹vnf; aumif;/ ajratmufv+difacgif;wGifvrf;av#mufouJhodk‹vnf;aumif;/ qef‹usifbufjyefvnf wGef;uefjcif;tm;&Sdaeojzifh/ xdkodk‹aomvrf;udk odvsufESifhav#mufoltwGuf tvGefw&m cufcJayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ *&kpdkufjcif;r&SdbJ twk,ljcif;udkom tm;oefoltwGufrlum;/ TtcsufESifhywfoufI od&SdajrmfjrifEdkifrnfr[kwfay? tv†m[ft&SifjrwfY ,kH-unfjcif;&Sd 50

aomvrf;onf/ a&jyifwGiful;oGm;ouJhodk‹vnf;aumif;/ avxJwGiftvif;a&mifatmufY oGm;vmouJhodk‹vnf;aumif;/ ESpfoufzG,faumif;I vG,fulr+&Sdayonf? xdk‹a-umifh xdkvrf; a-umif;udk vdkufjcif;onf vG,fulayonf? (bd'lZ…rmef ptD'f El&fpD. vif;a&mifjcnf.pHerl em trnf&Sdpmtkyf 'kwd,tydkif;/ pmrsufESm 71)? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unfjcif;r&Sdolwpfa,muf.b0wGif/ aysmf&$ifr+tcsdKŒESifh vnf; -uHKawG‹ygvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdkaysmf&$ifr+onf acwWr#omjzpfI/ 0rf;enf;a-uuJG jcif;ESifh 'kuQqif;&Jjcif;udk ay;aqmifaom aysmf&$ifr+yif jzpfEdkifayonf? xdkolonf OpPm"e csrf;om-uG,f0I/ aygrsm;jcif;/ vSyjcif;ESifh aysmf&$ifr+tjynfh&Sdaomfvnf;/ ‚if;wdk‹udk wae‹ae‹ wGif pGef‹ypfcJh&rnfudk awG;awm&if; 0rf;enf;a-uuGJaevdrfhrnf? olydkifqdkifaom OpPmypnf; tm;vkH;udk/ TurBmay:wGif -uHKawGŒ&rnfh ta-umif;w&m;wpfckcka-umifhjzpfap/ rvGJra&Smif om-uHKawG‹-urnfh aojcif;ESifhqkH;cef;wdkif-u&rnfbJjzpfap/ pGef‹v$wfcJh&rnfomjzpf.? xdk‹ a-umifh/ tv†m[ft&SifjrwfESifhtwl aemifwrvGefb0udk ,kH-unfr+r&Sdygu/ ppfrSefaomjidrf; csrf;om,mr+ESifh aysmf&$ifr+udk &&Sd-urnfr[kwfacs? bd'lZ…rmefu xdkuJhodk‹ ,kH-unfr+uif;rJhol -uHKawG‹&rnfh ed*kH;tajctaeudk Todk‹az:jyxm;ayonf?

“r,kH-unfjcif; odk‹r[kwf jiif;y,fykefuefjcif;&Sdaomb0onf tusdK;w&m;uif;rJhayonf? xdkjiif;y,fr+ESifh r,kH-unfjcif;wdk‹u ay;aqmifaom tay:&Hausmomjzpfonfh aysmf&$ifr+rsm; xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm -uD;rm;onfh emusifr+ESifh0rf;enf;a-uuGJzG,frsm;udk awG‹-uHKcHpm;-u &rnf?” (bd'lZ…rmef ptD'fEl&fpD. a&mifjcnfwef;rsm; [kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&frS)? aumif;aomtusifhoDvESifhusifh0wfw&m;onf vlwpfOD;pDtwGuf trSm;ESifhtrSefwdk‹ udk cGJjcm;Edkifonfh tvG,fulqkH;ESifhtaumif;qkH;aom pHcsdeftqifhjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfwGif ouf0if,kH-unfol. vuf&Sdb0vrf;a-umif;ESifh/ aemifwrvGefb0&Sd aysmf&$ifI oufomacsmifcsdr+&Sdjcif;wdk‹onf tqufjywfjcif;r&Sdacs? tu,fI csdKŒwJhr+tcsdKŒudk owdrlrd aomfvnf;/ xdkcsdKŒwJhr+rsm;onf acwW,m,DomjzpfI aemifwvGefb0wGif tjynfhtpkH&&Sdrnf udk odxm;jcif;jzifh pdwfoufom&m &&Sdayvdrfhrnf? tqkH;tpr&Sdaom qkr*Fvmudk vufcH& &Sd&efrSm/ cufcJr+r&Sd vG,fulaomtr+udpPomv#ifjzpfayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;onfhtwdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;jzifh tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tvdkawmft& tqkH;r&Sd aomvSyr+ESifh tpOftjrJaomaumif;csD;r*FvmESifhjynfhpkHonfh trwokcbkHudk &&Sdrnfjzpfay onf?

aumif;qdk;usdK;jypfcGJjcm;odwwfaom todw&m;udk vdkufemolonf tpOftjrJ atmifjrif.? ta0;ajy;vrf;r-uD;ay:wGif ajy;vsuf&Sdaom armfawmfum;rsm;udk pOf;pm;-unfhyg? xdkvrf;r-uD;ay:wGif um;armif;ae-uolwdk‹onf/ rwlnD-uaom,Ofaus;r+/ wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; uGJjym;aomtvkyftudkif/ rwlnDaomtrltusifh/ rwlnDaomynma&;tqifhtwef;/ rwlnD aomtjrifrsm; &Sd-uolrsm;jzpf-uayonf? tajccHtm;jzifh xdkvrf;r-uD;ay:wGif um;armif; ae-uolwdk‹onf wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tppt&m&mwGif uGJjym;jcm;em;-uayonf?

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52

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53

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aomtcsdefor,wGif zefqif;awmfrl.? qdkvdk&if;rSm tcsdefor,tm;vkH;udk puUef‹.tydkif; wpfydkif;twGif;Y zefqif;xm;jcif; jzpf.? xdkjzpfpOftvkH;pkHudk od&Sdxm;awmfrlaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oAŠ!kwOm%fawmf udk oabmaygufI/ vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdk‹.uH-urRmudk apmifhqdkif;ae&olrsm;jzpfa-umif; udk oabmaygufjcif;onf rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf pdwfoufomjcif;&&Sdaom aumif;csD;r*Fvmyif jzpfayonf? bmoma&;udkif;±+dkif;ajzmifhrwfwnf-unfI rdrd.touf ESifhudk,fcE<mudk tv†m[ft&SifxHawmfY vkH;0O\kHtyfESHxm;olonf/ rdrdujyKjyifajymif;vJI r&Edkifaom rdrd.uH-urRmonf tv†m[ft&SifjrwfuowfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfonfudk vufcH &if;/ jzpfysufor#udk rdrdtwGuf toifhawmfqkH;aumif;rGefatmifzefwD;ay;&ef tv†m[ft &Sifjrwfudk wdk;±d+;awmif;yefum rdrd.a&SŒarSmufwGif cif;usif;jyovsuf&Sdaom&kyfjrifoH-um; Zmwfvrf;udk -unfhaeouJhodk‹ -unfh±+aejcif;jzifh oHa0*& pdwfoufom&m&±Sdaeayrnfjzpf .? rdrd.b0uH-urRmudk -unfh±+&if; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk aus;Zl;wif&Sdaeayvdrfhrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk rdrd.taumif;qkH;rdwfo*F[tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ taumif; qkH;apmifha&Smufolt&Sifociftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ vufcHxm;olonf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdrdtm; pum;ajymqdkEdkifpGrf;/ puQKtm&kHjzifhjrifEdkifpGrf;ay;xm;jcif;udk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om vufcH&if; rdrd.uH-urRmtjzpftysufrsm;twGufvnf; auseyfESpfodrfhpGm vufcHaeayvdrfh rnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf/ vlwpfOD;. ,kH-unfr+o'Ngw&m;udk ykHpHtrsKd;rsdK;zefwD;I prf; oyfEdkifayonf? xdktjzpftysufrsm;onf &Hzef&Hcgtm;jzifh a-umufrufzG,faomfvnf; aumif;/ cufcJr+ylyifaomutjynfhjzifhvnf;aumif;/ &SdEdkifayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; xdktjzpf tysufrsm;tm;vkH;. tao;pdwfrsm;udkvnf; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfyg;Y pDrHxm;jyD;jzpf ayonf? Oyrm/ wrefawmf,lqGzf(tvdkifa[hqvmrf)onf/ rnfonfhjypfr+udkr# -uL;vGef jcif; r&Sdaomfvnf; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tusOf;axmifxJwGif aecJh&ayonf? odk‹aomfvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf pDpOfxm;onfhol‹b0udk ausauseyfeyfvufcHcJh.? tusOf;axmifwGif csKyfaESmifcH&jcif;onf ol‹twGuftxl;ydkItcuftcJrjzpfcJhay? xdkuJhodk‹tusOf;axmifwGif usa&mufaejcif;udk a&SŒwGifydkrdkvSywifhw,faom aumif;csD;r*FvmwHcg;.aomhcsuftjzpf jrifcJhavonf? xdkuJhodk‹aomtcuftcJudk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tpDtpOftjzpf ausaus eyfeyfvufcHjcif;onfyifv#if/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf ay;oem;aomaumif;csD;r*Fvm rsm;udk ydkrdkIwefbdk;xm;aus;Zl;wifwwfayrnf? ESif;qDyef;yGifhvef;vsuf&Sdaom yef;jcHudk ae‹pOfae‹ wdkif;awG‹jrifae&ol.&$ifvef;r+ESifh/ aumifu&pfwdkuftdrfrsm;t-um;wGif ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm aexdkifcJholu xdkyef;jcHudkawG‹jrif&ojzifh &&Sdaom-unfEl;&$ifvef;r+wdk‹onf wlnD-urnfr [kwfay? cufcJr+ESifh twd'kuQwdk‹udk od&Sdolonf/ oufomacsmifcsdr+ESifhvSyjcif;wdk‹udk ydkrdkwefzdk;xm;I -unfEl;r+ydkrdkcHpm;Edkifayonf? odk‹r[kwf rdrdtjypfr&SdbJ rw&m;pGyfpGJcH& ojzifh axmiftusOf;uscH&olonf/ ,if;uH-urRmtwGuf aemifwrvGefb0wGif tv†m[f t&SifjrwfxHawmfrS -uD;us,faomaumif;csD;r*Fvmqkvmbfudk tpm;xdk;vufcH&&Sdvdrfhrnf [k pdwfauseyfaevdrfhrnf? aemufqkH;tjzpf rdrd.uH-urRm“wuU'D&f”udk od&SdvufcHolonf/ rdrdtygt0if rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufur# rdrdwdk‹.uH-urRmudk wpfpuUef‹avmufyif ajymif;vJEdkifpGrf;r&Sda-umif;udk od&SdonfESifhwjydKifwnf;/ xdkuH-urRm“wuU'D&f”udk ausaus eyfeyf pdwfvufoufompGmjzifhESpfodrfhr+ &±Sdrnfjzpfayonf? 55

tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwpfOD;onf/ rnfonfhtajctaewGifrqdk oltwwfEdkifqkH; -udK;yrf;ayvdrfhrnf? Oyrm/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfolonf q&m0efxHodk‹oGm;I ay;vmaomaq; 0g;rsm;udk pm;okH;jcif;jzifh rdrd.emzsm;rusef;jzpfjcif;udk ukpm;jyKpkaevdrfhrnf? odk‹aomf vnf;/ q&m0efxHoGm;a&mufjcif;/ aq;0g;udkpm;okH;jcif;/ ukor+udkcH,ljcif;/ ponfwdk‹onf ol‹tm;zefqif;ol tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu owfrSwfa&;om;xm;aom uH-urRmtwdkif; v+yf&Sm; vkyfaqmifaejcif;jzpfa-umif;udk vufcHod&Sdayrnf? xdk‹a-umifh/ xdkuJhodk‹rusef;rmjcif;t wGuf 0rf;enf;a-uuGJaejcif;/ pdk;&drfa-umifhusaejcif;/ pdwf"gwfusqif;aejcif;/ 'kuQqif;&J jcif;tjzpf-unfhjcif; r&Sdawmhacs? ol‹b0twGuf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuomv#if todqkH;jzpf I taumif;qkH;pDpOfay;jcif;jzpfonf[k ,kH-unfpdwfcsaevdrfhrnf? rdrd.b0tjzpftysuf wdkif;.aemufuG,fwGif/ usdK;a-umif;wpfckck&Sdaernfjzpfa-umif;udk ,kH-unfxm;jcif;onf tvGefta&;-uD;aomtcsufjzpfayonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹onf/ raumif;r+'kuQ wpfckck.aemufuG,fwGif/ -uD;us,faomaumif;csD;r*Fvm qkvmbf&Sdaernfjzpfa-umif;udk cdkifrmpGm,kH-unfI/ rdrd.b0uH-urRmudk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHY tyfESHxm;-uayonf? TuJhodk‹aomt&nftcsif;onf/ rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolrsm;Yomv#if&Sd.? u|Ekfyfwdk‹. wrefawmfjrwf(qG)u/ Tta-umif;ESifhywfoufI -o0g'ay;cJhayonf?

“rktfrifefwpfOD;.b0ta&;tcif;onf tvGefxl;jcm;.? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf tppt &m&monf xdkrktfrifef.tusdK;twGufomv#ifjzpfaeayonf? Todk‹aomtusdK;w&m;onf rktfrifefwdk‹twGufrSvGJI tjcm;olrsm; &&Sdjcif;r&Sdacs? aumif;jcif;wpfrsdK;rsdK;jzpfay:ygu xdk rktfrifefonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftm; aus;Zl;wifayonf? ,if;onfum; ol‹twGuf aumif;usdK;yifjzpf.? tu,fI qdk;usdK;wpfckckjzpfay:vmygu/ rktfrifefonf onf;cH.? ,if;onfvnf; ol‹twGuf tusdK;w&m;yifjzpfjyef.? (q[d[frGwfpvifrf) tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonfomv#if t-uD;us,fqkH;aomwefcdk;tmEkabmfESifhjynfhpkHI/ xdk t&Sifjrwfonfomv#if p-u0VmwpfckvkH;udkpdk;ydkifawmfrlonfhtjyif/ p-u0VmwpfckvkH;. ta&;udpPrsm;udk pDrHcef‹cGJpD&ifcsufcsoljzpfayonf? Ttcsufudkod&Sdxm;olonf/ rdrd. udk,fcE<mESifhuH-urRmudk tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfY tyfESHxm;rnfjzpfayonf? tb,fh a-umifhqdkaomf tjzpftysuftm;vkH;/ vlwpfOD;.b0vrf;a-umif;/ vlwpfOD;csif;. ajymqdk zGifh[csufESifhtoHjyKjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;udkvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuyif xdrf;csKyfvsuf&Sdjcif; a-umifhjzpf.? TtrSefw&m;ESifhywfoufI u|Efkyfwdk‹. wrefawmfjrwf(qG)u tv†m[ft &SifjrwfxHawmfrSvmaomt&mrSefor#onfvSyI rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹twGuf aumif;csD;r*FvmawGcsnf;jzpfonf[k -o0g'trdef‹&Sdxm;ayonf? TtrSefw&m;udk od&Sd vufcHxm;jyD; tv†m[ft&SifjrwfY vkH;0,kH-unftm;udk;olrsm;ta-umif;udkvnf; xdkt&Sif jrwfuyif az:jyxm;ayonf? tu,fpifppf igonf ig.t&Sifjrwfvnf;jzpfawmfrlaom toifwdk‹.t&Sifjrwfvnf; jzpf awmfrlaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwftay:Y ,kH-unfpdwfcsv$JtyfcJhavjyD? xdkt&Sifjrwfonf ±Sd±Sd or#aom wd&pm>efwdk‹. ezl;(qHp)udk qkyfudkifxm;awmfrlayonf? {uefrvGJ ig.t&Sif jrwfonf ajzmifhrwfrSefuefaom vrf;ay:Yyif &Sdawmfrlayownf;? (pl&m[l'f 11;56)

56

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk ,kH-unftm;udk;jcif;r&Sdolwdk‹onf/ t&m&monf olwdk‹. t pGrf;tpESifhxdrf;uGyfr+atmufwGif&Sdonf[k xif-uojzifh/ tpOftjrJa-umuf&GHŒxdwfvef‹ae& jcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJjcif;/ pdk;&drfylyefjcif;ESifh t&m&mudk tqdk;bufrSomjrifwwfjcif;/ p onfwdk‹jzifh zdpD;ae-uayonf? xdkolonf rdrd-unfhaeaom&kyf&SifZmwfum;udk rdrdtvdk&Sdo vdktqkH;owfEdkifbdouJhodk‹ pdwfv+yf&Sm;aejcif;ESifh tvm;wlayonf? TuJhodk‹aom a-umuf vef‹jcif;onf rvdktyfouJhodk‹/ rdrd.uH-urRmudkvnf; xdkuJhodk‹aomcHpm;csufjzifh -unfh±+ aejcif;onfvnf; rvdktyfonfhtjyif roifhawmfay? Oyrm/ rw&m;pGyfpGJcH&olonf/ tv†m [ft&Sifjrwf. xdrf;uGyfr+twGif;Yomv#if &Sdaeayonf? xdktajctaeudkvnf; vlwdk‹udk prf;oyf&eftwGuf zefwD;jcif;yifjzpfayonf? rktfrifefouf0if,kH-unfolonf/ rw&m;pGyfpGJ jcif;udkcHae&jcif;udkonf;cHI tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdrd.onf;cHjcif;udk vufcH&efESifh oem; -uifemu&k%mxm;I *sEMwfokcbkHudkay;oem;awmfrl&ef ar#mfvifhawmifhwjcif;jzifh xdktajc taeonf 0rf;enf;a-uuGJzG,faomtajctaer[kwfawmhacs? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf xdkouf0if,kH-unfoltwGuf t&mcyfodrf;udk vG,fulaprnfhtul tnD ay;rnfjzpfayonf? Tonfum; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu twdtvif;rdef‹qdkxm;aom uwdu0wfyifjzpf.? rw&m;pGyfpGJjyKusifhjcif;cH&olESifhywfoufI uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwf wGif atmufygtwdkif; trdef‹&Sdxm;ayonf? Tonfyif (toifhtm; igt&Sifjrwfajym-um;awmfrlaomta&;udpPrsm;jzpf.)? ‚if;jyif t -uifolonf rdrd'kuQay;jcif;udk cHcJh&onfESifhtnDtr# jyefvSef'kuQay;cJhavonf? xdk‹aemuf wpfzef xdkolonf usL;vGefapmfum;jcif;udk cHcJh&jyefonf&Sdaomf rc|wf{uef tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfonf xdkoltm; ulnDawmfrlrnfjzpf.? {uefpifppf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefw &m cGifhv$wfawmfrlaomt&Sif/ tvGefw&m tjypfrSvGwfjidrf;csrf;omcGifhay;oem;awmfrlaom t&Sif trSefyifjzpfawmfrlayownf;? (pl&mtvf[*sf 22;60) odk‹jzpf&m/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.wefcdk;awmf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.tultnDESifh xdk t&Sifjrwf.&if;ESD;r+ ponfhvrf;onf wpfckwnf;aomvrf;jzpfa-umif;udkod&Sdaom rktfrifef ouf0if,kH-unfolonf/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk rdrd.b0ESifhtouf&Sifjcif;udk tyfESif;xm; rnfomjzpfayonf? ‚if;onf xdkol‹twGuf taumif;qkH;ESifh tvG,fulqkH;vrf;a-umif;yif jzpf.? odk‹r[kwfygu/ vlwpfOD;onf olEdkifeif;jcif;r&Sdaom 0efxkyf0efydk;udk xrf;aqmifae jcif;jzpfayrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfolonf rdrdudk,fudk av;vHaom0efxkyf0ef ydk;rsm;jzifh zdpD;aejcif;ta-umif;udk bd'lZ…rmefu “-o0g'qkH;pum;rsm;”[laom vuFmwGif Todk‹oDukH;xm;.?

vlom;onf rdrdudk,fwdkifbmrSrwwfEdkifonfhtjyif uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusa&mufjcif;trsdK;rsdK; atmufwGif touf&Sifaeayonf? olonfqif;&JEGrf;yg;I ol.vdktyfr+rsm;onf rsm;jym;vS ayonf? olonf tiftm;csdeJ‹oljzpfI touf&Sifaejcif;onfyif ol‹twGuf tvGef-uD;rm; aom 0efxkyf0efydk;jzpfaeayonf? tu,fI olonf -uD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlaom wefcdk; tmEkabmf&Sif tv†m[ft&SifjrwfwGif rdrd.toufESifhudk,fcE<mudk ,kH-unfpdwfcspGm tyfESH xm;jcif;r&Sdygu ol.twGif;todw&m;onf olk‹tm;'kuQay;±+yfaxG;apvdrfhrnf? tusdK; aus;Zl;uif;rJhjcif;/ em-unf;r+ESifh 0rf;enf;a-uuGJr+rsm;u n‡if;yef;rdef;armapojzifh/ ol. 57

pdwf"gwfonfvnf; -urf;-uKwfcufxHaom om;&Jwd&pm>efuJhodk‹jzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf? (bd'lZ… rmef ptD'fEl&fpD. a&mifjcnfwef;rsm;[kac:aom &dqmavhEl;&f&Sd -o0g'qkH;rpum;rsm;rS q@rajrmuf-o0g'qkH;rpum;)? T-o0g'qkH;rpum;rsm;onf/ vlwdk‹u rdrdwdk‹.pdwfvufoufomap&efaomfvnf; aumif;/ tjcm;olwdk‹awG‹-uHK-u&aomtwd'kuQrsm;udk awG‹jrif&ojzifh aemifwowdw&m;&&Sd jcif;aomfvnf;aumif;/ r[kwfyg? pifppfrSm ,if;tcsufrsm;onf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu T urBmavmu&Sd b0rsm;udkzefqif;jcif;. trSefw&m;rsm;yifjzpfayonf? xdk‹a-umifh/ xdkt csufrsm;udk jiif;y,fI qef‹usifbufvdkufemaqmif&Gufaejcif;onf rdrdudk,fudk vSnfhpm;ae jcif;omv#if jzpfayonf? tqkH;wGif/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfudk r,kH-unfonfhb0wGif epfjrKwf ae-uaom todw&m;uif;rJholwdk‹.b0onf pdwf'kuQqif;&Jjcif;tcuftcJrsm;ESifhjynfheuf vsuf cufxef-urf;-uKwfaom b0jzpfaomfvnf;/ xdktrSefw&m;rsm;udk ,kH-unfolonf at;csrf;om,m oufomaysmf&$ifpGmaexdkifEdkifayonf? bmomw&m;onf vlwdk‹rnfonfh tajctaewGifyifa&mufaeapumrl aysmf&$ifoufomacsmifcsdaomb0udkay;tyfayonf? rktfrifefwdk‹tm; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif atmufygtwdkif; rdef‹-um;awmfrl.? owdjyK-uavukef/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf.taqGawmfwdk‹tay:Yrlum; wpfpkHwpf&ma-umuf ±GHŒpdk;&drfzG,f&mvnf; &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? xdk‹jyif ‚if;wdk‹onf 0rf;enf;ylaqG;-urnfvnf;r [kwfacs? ‚if;wdk‹onf t-uifolwdk‹yif/ xdkolwdk‹onf ‘tDrmef’,kH-unfr+xm;&Sd-uonfhjyif (jypfr+'kp &dkufrsm;rSvnf;) a&Smif-uOfvsuf &Sd-uukefownf;? ,if;(taqGawmf)wdk‹tzdk‹ avmuDb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ wrvGefb0wGifvnf;aumif;/ 0rf; ajrmufzG,f&m owif;aumif;onf &Sdayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. tm,wfawmfrsm;Y ajymif;vJjcif;tvsif;r&Sdacs? Tonfomv#if -uD;us,fjrifhjrwfvSpGmaom atmifjrifr+ay wnf;? (pl&mtwfawmifbm 10;62=64)

tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDr+udkomv#if &SmazGjcif;twGuf tusdK; qkvmbfrsm;? tu,fItoifonf aocsmpGm*&kpdkuf-unfhygu/ vltrsm;tm;jzifh olwdk‹.b0wck vkH;wGif rdrdwdk‹.oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGo*F[/ tvkyfcGift-uD;tuJ/ vkyfaz:udkifzuf/ tdrfeD; csif;/ wynfhaemufvdkuf/ cav;oli,f ponfwdk‹. oabmwlnDr+/ ESpfoufjrwfEdk;cspfcifr+ ponfwdk‹udk &&Sd&ef -udK;yrf;-uonfudk owdxm;rdvdrfhrnf? xdkuJhodk‹aom pdwfaeoabm xm;&Sdol.b0wpfoufwmvkH;wGif taetxdkift&vnf;aumif;/ 0wfpm;qif,ifykHt& vnf;aumif;/ ajymqdkaompum;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ aw;oDcsif;oDqdkjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ t ajccHtm;jzifh tppt&m&mwGif wpfOD;OD;.pdwfauseyfr+udk&,l&ef-udK;yrf;onfudk awG‹&ay rnf? TuJhodk‹aomb0onf ±+axmifhtrsKd;rsdK;rS-unfhygu/ tvGefcufcJyifyef;I jiD;aiGŒzG,f aumif;vSayonf? tjcm;ol.oabmwlnDr+ESifh vdkvm;r+udk&&Sd&eftwGuf/ rdrd.todw&m; 58

udkvnf;ESdyfuGyfxm;-u&ayonf? Oyrm/ r-umao;rDu odu|rf;cifrifcJh&aom taygif;t oif;tcsdKŒwdk‹. 0dkif;y,fjcif;cH&rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma-umifh olwdk‹. rSm;,Gif;aomvkyfykHudkifykH rsm;udk n$efjy&ef0efav;aeayvdrfhrnf? Tb0wGif rdrd.ywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;wGif txnf;usefb0tjzpf trsm;.0dkif;y,fjcif;udk rcH&avatmif woufwmvkH;wGif rdrd.t odw&m;udk ESdyfuGyfxm;ae&rnf? tpydkif;wGif tvGefw&muoduatmifhjzpfaomfvnf;/ t csdef-umjrifhvmonfESifhtr# rdrd.todw&m;rsm;onfvnf; wpwpjzifhaqG;ajrŒysufpD;oGm; avojzifh/ aemufqkH;wGif trSm;ESifhtrSefudk cGJjcm;Edkifjcif;/ taumif;ESifhtqdk;udkcGJjcm;Edkif jcif;/ vSyjcif;ESifht&kyfqdk;jcif;udkcGJjcm;odjrifEdkifjcif;/ ponfhpGrf;&nfrsm;vnf; tjyD;tydkif ysufokOf;oGm;avawmh.? vltrsm;udk pdwfauseyfap&ef-udK;pm;olwpfa,muftwGuf awG‹-uHK&rnfhtcuftcJ wpfckrSm/ wpfOD;OD;udkvdkufavsmjcif;jzifh tjcm;wpfOD;udk a'goxGufpdwfqdk;apEdkifjcif;jzpf .? ol.rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;rsm;udk tvdkvdkufjcif;jzifh rdrd.tdrfaxmifrdom;pk. pdwfnpf !l;jcif; tvdkrusjcif;udkcH&ayvdrfhrnf? rdrd.tvkyfcGif txuft&m&Sd.ESpfoufauseyfr+ udk &,ljcif;jzifh vkyfaz:udkifzufrsm;. rkef;wD;jcif;rauseyfjcif;udk cH&vdrfhrnf? xdk‹a-umifh/ xdkyk*~dKvf.b0onf tqifrajyjcif;/ wif;rmjcif;ESifh rauseyfr+rsm;ESifhom jynfheufaeaom b0omv#if jzpfaernfudk cef‹rSef;Edkifayonf? pdwfapwemt&if;cHoef‹pifaomrGwfpvifrfwpfOD;rSmrlum; tv†m[ft±Sifjrwf. o abmwlnDr+/ vufcHtwnfjyKr+udk&&Sd&efomv#if -udK;yrf;&SmazGayonf? vltrsm;u ol‹tm; a0zefajymqdkrnfhta&;onf ta&;r-uD;acs? tav;rxm;ay? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹ awmfudk vdkufem&efomv#if ol‹twGufta&;-uD;ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwl nDr+ESifh ESpfouftwnfjyKr+udk vufcH&&Sd&eftwGuf -udK;yrf;&if; xdkt&Sifjrwf.trdef‹awmf twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;onfomv#if rSefuefaom usifhpOfvkyf&yfyifjzpf.? tv†m[f t&Sifjrwf.tvdkawmfustwnfjyKjcif;udkom -udK;yrf;ol. b0tajctaeESifh/ wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD;oabmxm;jcif;rwdkufqdkif-uaom vltrsm;.tvdkusr+udkomv#if -udK;yrf;&SmazGol . b0tajctaewdk‹. jcm;em;csufudk/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif rdef‹qdkxm;ayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf OyrmykHaqmifcsufwpfckudk cdkif;E+dif;awmfrl.? u|efa,mufsm;wpf a,muf&Sd.? ‚if;Y tcsif;tcsif;oabmuGJvGJroifhjrwfaom zufpyfyg0if ydkifqdkifolrsm; (vnf;) &Sd-uukef.? xdkrSwyg; tjcm;u|efa,mufsm;wpfa,mufrSmum; vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; vlwpfOD;wnf;ydkifjzpf.? xdka,mufsm;ESpfOD;wdk‹rSm tajctaetm;jzifh wlEdkif-uavoavm? (pl&m tvf±lrf; 39;29) txufygtm,wfawmfwGif &Sif;jyxm;onfhtwdkif;/ vlwpfa,muf.b0wav#muf wGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlvufcHaomvrf;pOfudkom vdkuf&ef&Sdayonf? bd'lZ… rmefuvnf; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlvufcHjcif;udk &,l&ef-udK;yrf;jcif;onf vG,f ulqkH;aomb0vrf;a-umif;jzpfonf[k a-ujimxm;avonf?

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wD;ay;awmfrl.? aemifwrvGefb0wGif xdkolwdk‹&&Sd-urnfh tusdK;w&m;onfvnf; tvGef w&m-uD;us,faom aumif;csD;r*FvmESifh jynfhpkHayvdrfhrnf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (Todk‹)rdef‹-um;awmfrlvwHh? ,ae‹rlum; rSefuefolrsm;tbdk‹/ ‚if; wdk‹.rSefuefr+onf tusdK;ay;onfhae‹yifjzpfacsonf? xdk(rSefuefolrsm;)tbdk‹ t-uifO ,smOfrsm;onf (tqifoifh)&Sd-uaytHh? xdkO,smOfrsm;.atmufrS prf;a&acsmif;rsm;onf pD; axGvsuf&Sd-uvwWHŒ? ‚if;wdk‹onf xdkO,smOfrsm;wGif tjrJxm0pOf aexdkif(pHjref;)-uukeftHh? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ‚if;wdk‹tay:Y auseyfawmfrljyD;jzpfawmfrl.? ‚if;wdk‹onfvnf; xdk t&Sifjrwftay:Y auseyfjyD;jzpf-uukef.? Tonfum; xl;uJjrifhjrwfvSpGmaom (aZ,swk r*Fvm) atmifjrifr+-uD;yifwnf;? (pl&mtvfrmath'[f 5;119)

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&uf&ufwGif toufaoqkH;onfESifh ykwfodk;ysufpD;oGm;rnfomjzpfa-umif;udk odxm;ojzifh/ ±d+ifwGmef. jzm;a,mif;r+udk tvG,fwula±Smif±Sm;ypfy,fvdkufEdkifayrnf? pdwf&if;apwemrSefjzifh w&m;"rRudkvdkufemusifhokH;olwdk‹onf/ ±d+ifwGmef.jzm; a,mif;r+udkrvdkvm;bJ/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oem;-uifemjcif;r[mu&k%mawmfudkom tm;udk;tm;xm;I/ *sENMwfokcbkHudkom ar#mfrSef;-uayonf? tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfudk a-umuf &GHŒjcif;r&Sd/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDr+udku&krpdkufbJ tv†m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmf yg;Y rdrdudk,fudk tyfESif;jcif;rjyKolwdk‹onf ±+difwGmef. a&SmifwciftwGif; vSnfhpm;jcif; wGif aumufaumufygoGm;-uavonf? ±+difwGmef.aESmifh,Sufjcif;-oZmonf w&m;"rRudk vdkufemusifhokH;udkif;±+dif;olwdk‹tay:Y rnfodk‹r# rxda&mufEdkifa-umif; tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu rdef‹-um;xm;ayonf? xdk“ÁAfvDpf”u av#mufxm;cJhav.? odk‹jzpfygv#if (u|efawmfrsdK;onf) t&Sifjrwf .wefcdk;tmEkabmfudk wdkifwnfI av#mufxm;tyfygonf? rkcsrvGJ u|efawmfrsdK; onf xdkvlom;tm;vkH;udkyif vGJacsmfarSmufrSm;atmif jyKvkyfrnfjzpfygonf? odk‹&mwGif ‚if;wdk‹teuf a&G;cs,fjyD;jzpfaomt&Sifjrwf. u|efrsm;udkrlum; (u|ef awmfrsdK;onf vGJacsmfarSmufrSm;apEdkifrnfr[kwfyg)? (pl&mqGm'f 38;82=83) odk‹aomfvnf;/ ±+dkifwGmef. jzm;a,mif;r+odk‹vdkufygolwdk‹. uH-urRmESifhywfoufI vnf; &Sif;jyxm;awmfrlayonf? rkcs{uef ‚if;onf u|EkfyfxHodk‹ qkH;r-o0g'a&muf&SdvmjyD; aemufrSyif xdkqkH;r-o0g '(udk vdkufemjcif;)rS vGJacsmfapcJhonf? pifppfaomfum; ±+difwGmefrdpm>aumifonf vlom;wdk‹tm; pGef‹ypfxm;olyif jzpfacsownf;? (pl&mtvfzk&fumef 25;29)

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ed*kH;? Conclusion TurBmajr-uD;ay:wGif touf&Sifaexdkifvsuf&Sdaom tjcm;vlom;rsm;tm;vkH;uJhodk‹ yif toifonfvnf; toifhoufwef;ukefqkH;rnfhtcsdefodk‹ em&Dwdkif;/ rdepfwdkif;/ puUef‹wdkif; ydkrdkeD;uyfvsuf&Sdaeayonf? Tum; a&SmifuGif;Ir&Edkifaom trSefw&m;jzpf.? wpfae‹ ae‹wGif toif.toufonf ukefqkH;oGm;I TurBmavmuwGif touf&SifaexdkifcJhpOfu toifbmawGvkyfcJhonf/ bmawGajymcJhonfponfwdk‹tm;vkH;udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfa&SŒawmf arSmufY tpD&ifcH&vdrfhrnf? ,QKtcsdeftxd toifonf bmomw&m;udk vdkufemusifhokH;&efcufcJusOf;usyfonf [k,lqojzifh bmoma&;rSa0;uGmaeayvdrfhrnf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif tv†m[f t &SifjrwfoGefoifjyoxm;onfhtwdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;jcif;rjyKbJ tjypf'kp&dkufrsm;udkvnf; usL;vGefcJhjyD;vnf;jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ ,QKtcsdefrSpI tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf .a&SŒarSmufwGif pdwf&if;apwem&if;jzifh aemifww&m;&&Sda-umif; wdk;±+d;0efcsawmif;yef I/ usef&Sdaomoufwef;wGiftwwfEdkifqkH;taumif;qkH;b0jzifhvG,fulaomomoemh vrf; a-umif;twdkif; oufawmifhoufomvdkufemusifhokH;oGm;&ef ta&;-uD;ayonf? tv†m[f t&Sifjrwf.tvdkawmft& toifonf vGefavjyD;cJhaomb0rsm;xuf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom b0udk &±Sdygvdrfhrnf? “aumif;rGefaomb0”[laompum;onf vltrsm;twGuf topftqef;jzpfaeay rnf? trsm;tm;jzifh pdwfylyefaomuuif;&Sif;jcif;/ 0rf;enf;a-uuGJr+uif;rJhjcif;/ a-umuf&GHŒ ajcmufjcm;ae&efrvdkjcif; ponfhb0onf/ &&Sd&efrjzpfEdkifaom pdwful;,OftdyfrufurBmxJrS b0omv#ifjzpfonf[k xif-uayonf? rSefygonf? TuJhodk‹aomb0onf bmoma&;ESifh a0;uGmaeolrsm;twGuf vufawG‹rjzpfEdkifaom tdyfrufurBmxJrS b0yifjzpfayonf? tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. oabmwlnDr+udkom &Sm-uHvkyfaqmifol/ t±Sifjrwf. r[m u&k%mawmfudkomawmif;cHI xdkt&Sifjrwfudkom a-umuf&GHŒ&dkaoum rdrdudk,fudk xdkt&Sif jrwfxH tyfESif;xm;jyD; *sEMwfokcbkHudkom ar#mfrSef;olwdk‹onf/ pdwfvufoufomI {csrf; om,mr+tjynfht0±Sdaom b0udk&&Sd-uayonf? tDrmefouf0if,kH-unfolwdk‹udk tv†m[ft &Sifjrwfu TuJhodk‹owif;aumif;ay;awmfrl.? rnfolrqdk a,mufsm;jzpfap/ rdef;rjzpfap (rktfrifeftjzpfESifh) aumif;jrwfaom tusifhoDv udk usifhrlaqmufwnfcJhaomf/ ‚if;jyif xdkolonf rktfrifef ouf0if,kH-unfolvnf; jzpf cJhaomf/ rvGJ{uef igt&Sifjrwfonf xdkoltm; oef‹&Sif;pif-u,faomtouf&Sifjcif;rsdK;jzifh touf±Sifapawmfrlrnf? ‚if;wdk‹usifhrlcJh-uaom tusifhoDvrsm;xuf ydkrdkaumif;jrwfaom ukodkvftusdK;udk csD;jr‡ifh awmfrlrnfjzpfonf? (pl&mtvfe[vf 16;97)

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txufu&Sif;jycJhonfhtwdkif;/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu csrSwfay;aomomoemw&m; "rRonf vG,fulI cufcJ-urf;wrf;jcif;uif;rJhayonf? xdk‹tjyif/ xdkomoemw&m;awmfudk vdkufemusifhokH;ol.b0wGif cufcJr+/ pdwf'kuQa&mufjcif;ESifh pdwfqif;&Jjcif;rsm;rSvGwfuif; ayrnf? omoemtwGif;wGif aexdkifolonf vkyfudkifor#tppt&m&mwGif tv†m[ft&Sif jrwf. tumtuG,fay;jcif;udk vufcH&&Sdojzifh atmifjrifr+rsm;jzifh -uHKawG‹&ayrnf? xdkol onftaumif;qkH;b0oufwef;udk &&Sdrnfjzpfa-umif; uk&ftmeftm,wfawmfrsm;Y az:jy xm;ayonf? xdk‹a-umifh taumif;qkH;ESifhtvG,fultoufomqkH;jzpfaom b0vrf;a-umif;udk a&G; cs,f,loifhayonf? uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfwGif jyqdkxm;aom ukd,fusifhw&m;twdkif; ae xdkifjcif;jzifh xdkodk‹aom {csrf;om,monfhb0udk &&SdEdkifayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ uk&ftmefusrf;awmfjrwfonf toifESifhtwlwuG urBmavmuwGif&Sd&Sdor#ouf&SdoufrJhtm; vkH;udk zefqif;xm;awmfrlaom tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. trdef‹-o0g'jzpfonfhtjyif/ xdkt&Sif jrwfwGif vdktyfor#t&mcyfodrf; tvkH;pkHjynfhpkHpGm&Sdaeaoma-umifhwnf;? toifaexdkif aom ywf0ef;usifuoifay;aom,Ofaus;r+rsm;/ toifhywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;&Sd vlwdk‹. oifay;em;csr+rsm;/ owif;pm/ &kyfjrifoH-um; ponfwdk‹. jrLqG,fr+rsm;udk ab;z,fxm; um/ tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. rSefuefaomomoembufodk‹vSnfhoifhayjyD? uk&ftmefusrf; awmfjrwfonf tv†m[ft&Sifjrwf. -o0g'rsm;jzpfojzifh ,if;usrf;awmfjrwf. oif-um; csufrsm;twdkif; oufawmifhoufom {csrf;om,maomb0jzifh touf&Sifoifh.? omoemw&m;"rRonf oufawmifhoufom {csrf;om,maomb0udk ay;aqmifEdkif onfhta-umif;tcsufudk toifarhrxm;ygESifh? vG,fuljcif;udk ypfy,fxm;jcif;jzifh aemif wrvGefb0wGif rar#mfvifhcJhaom em-uifr+ESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif&rnfjzpfa-umif;udkvnf; arhrxm;ygESifh?

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tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D.vdrfvnfr+? The Deception Of Evolution 'g0ifoDtdk&D (0g) tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf/ zefqif;jcif;udk jiif;y,f&ef ody`Havmu wGif wifoGif;cJhaomoDtdk&Djzpfaomfvnf; trSefpifppf ody`Hynmt& t"dy`g,fuif;rJhI atmifjrifr+r&Sdaom awG;ac:,lqcsuf wpfckomv#if jzpfayonf? ToDtdk&Donf touf &Sifjcif;onf oufrJhypPnf;rsm;rS jzpfay:vmonf[laomtcsufudk ody`Hynmu p-u0VmESifh twl ouf&SdypPnf;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf xif&Sm;aom “ykHpH”'DZdkif;twdkif; jzpfay:aea-umif; ouf aoxlI y,fzsufypfavjyD? xdkenf;wl/ odyH`ynmu p-u0VmESifhtwl ouf&SdypPnf;tm;vkH; udk tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfuyif zefqif;awmfrla-umif; xyfrHtwnfjyKvdkufavonf? xdkoDtdk &DtawG;tac: qufvufoufqdk;&Snfaeap&ef 0g'jzef‹csufrsm;onf/ odyH`ynmtcsuft vufrsm;udk vdk&mqGJIvSnfhpm;xm;aomtcsufrsm;/ bufvdkufIt"dy`g,faz:xm;jcif;/ odyH` ynmta&jcHKI vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm; uvdrfusxm;aomtcsufrsm;omv#if jzpfayonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ xdk0g'jzef‹jcif;onf trSefw&m;udk zkH;uG,fxm;Ir&acs? vGefcJhonfh ESpf 20=30 twGif;/ xdktDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Donf odyH`avmuordkif;wGif t-uD;us,fqkH;aom vdrfvnfvSnfhpm;r+jzpfjcif;udk wpfae‹xufwpfae‹ ydkIydkI oufaojyaz:xkwfvsuf &Sday onf? t"dutm;jzifh 1980ckESpfaemufydkif;wGifjyKvkyfaom odyH`ynmokawoersm;u 'g0if .tqdkjyKcsufrsm;onf/ vkH;0tajctjrpfr&Sda-umif; az:xkwfvdkufavonf? odyH`ynm&Sift ajrmuftjrm;wdk‹onfvnf; xdkaz:xkwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcH-uayonf? txl;ojzifh tar &duefEdkifiHrS ZD0aA'/ ZD0"gwkaA'/ edcgwuaA'(ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm) ponfhodyH`ynm &Sifrsm;u 'g0if.oDtdk&DrSm;,Gif;a-umif;vufcH-u&if;/ touf&Sifjcif;pwifjcif;ESifhywf oufI todw&m;&SdaomykHpH (Intelligent Design) &Sdonf[laomcH,lcsufudktokH;jyK-uay onf? ,if;“todw&m;&SdaomykHpH”onf avmuwGif&Sdor#t&mcyfodrf;udk tv†m[ft&Sif jrwfu zefqif;xm;onf [laom,kH-unfr+cH,lcsufudk odyH`a0g[m&jzifh az:jyjcif;jzpfay onf? u|Efkyfwdk‹a&;om;cJhaompmtkyfrsm;wGif/ 'g0if.tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D ysufokOf;oGm;I/ zefqif;jcif;&Sda-umif; odyH`ynmawG‹&Sdcsufoufaoom"ursm;udk tao;pdwf a&;om;cJhav jyD? ,ckvnf;qufvufI &SmazGaz:xkwfqJjzpfygonf? TudpPrSm tvGefta&;-uD;aom tcsufjzpfaoma-umifh/ Tae&mwGifvnf; twdkcsKH;Iaz:jyjcif;jzifh tvGefw&mtusdK;&Sdrnf [k ,kH-unfygonf?

odyH`ynmt& 'g0if.oDtdk&D ysufjy,foGm;jcif;? ToDtdk&Donf/ zg&dk;bk&ifESifh *&dtawG;tac:ynm±Sifwdk‹.vufxuftxd a&S;uscJh aomtawG;tac:jzpfaomfvnf;/ wpfq,fhudk;&mpkESpftwGif;wGifomv#if wpf[kefxdk;ausmf -um;vmcJh.? xdkuJhodk‹ausmf-um;vmcJhjcif;Y csm;vf(pf)'g0if. 1859ckESpfwGif ykHESdyfxkwf a0aom“rsKd;pkwdk‹ pwifjzpfay:jcif;” (Origin of Species) [laompmtkyfonf ta&;-uD;qkH; 74

u¾tjzpfyg0ifcJhavonf? ‚if;pmtkyfwGif tv†m[ft&Sifjrwfu ouf&Sdt&mrsm;udk wpf rsKd;pDoD;jcm;zefqif;xm;jcif;udk jiif;y,fxm;ayonf? ouf&Sdt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf wpfck wnf;aomouf&Sdt&mrSpwifI tvGef-umjrifhaomtcsdefumvtwGif; wpfpwpfptenf; i,fpDajymif;vJvmjcif;jzifh ouf&SdypPnf;trsdK;rsdK;ay:aygufvmcJhonf[k a&;om;xm;av onf? 'g0if.oDtdk&Donf rnfonfhodyH`prf;oyfcsuf odk‹r[kwfawG‹&Sdcsuftay:wGifrS tajc cHxm;jcif;r[kwfay? 'g0ifudk,fwdkif0efcHxm;onfhtwdkif;/ ol.oDtdk&Donf “,lqcsuf” wpfckomv#if jzpfayonf? xdk‹xufru ol.pmtkyfaemufqkH;tcef;jzpfonfh “oDtdk&D. tcuftcJrsm;”[laomtcef;wGif/ ta&;ygonfhar;cGef;aygif;tajrmuftjrm;udk ajzEdkifjcif; r&Sda-umif; 'g0ifudk,fwdkif 0efcHxm;.? 'g0ifonf xdktcuftcJrsm;udk tem*wfodyH`ynmpl;prf;&SmazGawG‹&Sdcsufrsm;u ajz &Sif;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k ol.ar#mfvifhcsufudkjr‡KyfESHxm;cJhavonf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ odyH`ynmawG‹ &Sdcsufrsm;onf/ xdktcuftcJrsm;udk ydkrdkIomus,fjyef‹apcJhayonf? odyH`ynmavmuwGif 'g0if.oDtdk&D ±+H;edrfhjcif;ESifh ywfoufI atmufygacgif;pOf okH;ckjzifh avhvmEdkifayonf? 1? ToDtdk&Donf urBmajr-uD;ay:wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm; rnfodk‹pwifay:aygufvm cJha-umif;udk &Sif;jyEdkifjcif;r&Sdacs? 2? ToDtdk&Du wifjyxm;aom tDAdkvl;&Sif;tjzpftysufudk odyH`ynmt& prf;oyf axmufcH Edkifjcif;r&Sdojzifh/ odyH`ynmt& wifjyxm;onfhoDtdk&DtqdkjzpfEdkifjcif; tiftm;r±Sdacs? 3? ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;onf ,if;oDtdk&Dtqdkudkqef‹usifbuftajzudkomv#if ay;aeayonf? Ttcef;wGif txufygtcsufrsm;ESifh oufqdkifaomt"dutcsufrsm;udk avhvm-u ygrnf?

ausmfv$m;Ir&Edkifaomtqifh = touf.tp rlvblw? tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Du ouf&Sdt&mrsm;tm;vkH;onf/ vGefcJhonfh ESpfoef;aygif; 3800 wkef;u yxrOD;qkH;jzpfay:cJhaom wpfckwnf;aom ouf&SdqJvfrS wpfpwpfpajymif;vJvmcJh -uonf[k qdkxm;.? xdkuJhodk‹vGefcJhonfhESpfoef;aygif;ajrmufjrm;pGmwkef;u rnfuJhodk‹ aomtajctaeu xdkouf&SdqJvfudk jzpfay:apcJha-umif;udk ,if;tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Du r&Sif; jyEdkifacs? xdk‹xufru tu,fI xdkuJhodk‹yif jzpfay:vmcJhvifhupm;/ tb,fha-umifh ,if; tcsufudk ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;wGif oJvGefp&Smr&Edkifjcif;udkvnf; ToDtdk&Du tajzay; Edkifjcif;r&Sdacs? odk‹aomfvnf;/ xdk“yxrOD;qkH;ouf&SdqJvf”rnfodk‹jzpfay:vmoenf; [laom ar;cGef;udk ar;&efvdktyfygonf? tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&Du zefqif;jcif;udk jiif;y,fI/ xdk“yxrOD;qkH;ouf&SdqJvf”onf rnfolurSykHpHoGif;jcif;/ pDrHudef;csjcif;/ tpDtpOfjyKjcif;r&SdbJ/ obm0ed,mrt& tvdkvdk rawmfwq-uHK-uKdufI pwifjzpfay:vmonf[k qdkxm;onf? ToDtdk&Dt& oufrJhj'yf

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ae‹wl;az:&&Sdxm;aomausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf/ tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;. ar#mfvifh csufESifh qef‹usifbuftjzpf urBmajr-uD;ay:wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;onf &kwfw&ufjAKef;ceJ t*FgtjynfhtpkHjzifhay:aygufvmcJh-ua-umif;udk jyqdkvsuf&Sdayonf? tvGefausmf-um;aom jAdwdo#ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm±Sif 'J&uf AD at*smonf tD Adkvl;&Sif;orm;jzpfvifhupm;/ atmufygtwdkif; 0efcHxm;ayonf? ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;udk tao;pdwfavhvmaomtcg/ rsdK;pOftqifhYaomfvnf; aumif;/ rsdK;pdwftqifhwGifaomfvnf;aumif;/ wpfpjyD;wpfpwqifhpDajymif;vJvmcJh jcif;tpm;/ wpfrsdK;.ae&mwGif aemufxyfwpfrsdK; &kwfw&ufjAKef;ceJay:aygufvm cJh-uonfudkom awG‹&Sd&ayonf?11 T0efcHcsufrSm/ ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rSwfwrf;wGif/ ouf&SdowW0gtm;vkH;wdk‹onf -um;umvykHpHrsdK;r&SdbJ tjynfhtpkHoD;jcm;pDjzpfay:vm-uonf[k qdkvdkayonf? ,if;tqdk onf/ 'g0if.tawG;tac:wifjycsufrsm;ESifh qef‹usifbufjzpfaeonf? xdk‹tjyif ouf&Sd ypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;wdk‹onf zefqif;jcif;jzifhay:aygufvmcJha-umif;udk jyqdkaom om"ujzpf ayonf? -um;umvykHpHbdk;bGm;bDbifr&SdbJ vdktyfonfht*Fgtpdwftydkif;rsm;tao;pdwf atmifjynfhpkHpGmjzifh &kwfw&ufjAKef;ceJay:aygufvmjcif;udk taumif;qkH;&Sif;jyEdkif&efrSm zef qif;jcif;omv#if jzpfayonf? Ttcsufudk vlodrsm;ausmf-um;aom ZD0aA'ynm&Sif a'gufuvyfpf zlwl,mrmuvnf; atmufygtwdkif; 0efcHxm;ayonf? zefqif;jcif;ESifh tDAdkvl;&Sif;t-um; &Sif;jycsufrsm;rSm ukefcef;oGm;avjyD? urBmay: wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm; t*Fgaygif;pkHtjynfhtpkHjzifh ay:aygufvmcJhonfvnf;jzpfEdkif onf? odk‹r[kwf xdkuJhodk‹r[kwfbJ tjcm;enf;jzifhvnf; ay:aygufvmEdkifonf? tu,fI xdkodk‹r[kwfygu/ ,Qif&SdjyD;aomouf&SdowW0grsdK;qufrsdK;pdwfwpfckckrS wpfqifhpDwdk;wufajymif;vJvmcJh&rnf? t*FgtjynfhtpkHjzifh &kwfw&ufay:ayguf vmcJh-uygu/ tpOftjrJwnf&Sdaom todOm%fjzifhjynfhpkHaom t&Sifocifwpfyg; yg;u zefqif;xm;jcif;omv#if jzpfrnf?12 ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rSwfwrf;rsm;t&/ TurBmay:wGif ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;onf t*Fg tjynfhtpkHjzifhomv#if ay:aygufvmcJh-uayonf? qdkvdk&if;rSm/ “rsdK;pkrsm; pwifay:ayguf jcif;”onf/ 'g0ifwifjyouJhodk tDAdkvl;&Sif;enf;jzifh ay:aygufcJhjcif;r[kwfbJ/ zefqif;jcif; jzifh ay:aygufcJhayonf?

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1? -opx&mvdkyDoduyfpf (Australopithecus) 2? [dkrdk [mbDvpf (Homo habilis) 3? [dkrdk tD&ufwyfpf (Homo erectus) 4? [dkrdk aqyD,H (Homo sapiens) tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g'Drsm;u vlom;wdk‹. yxrqkH;arsmuf0Hbdk;atudk -opx&mvdkyDod uyfpf[k ac:xm;onf? “awmiftmz&du arsmuf0H”[k t"dy`g,f&.? pifppftm;jzifh xdk owW0grsm;onf rsdK;okOf;cJhjyDjzpfaom arsmuf0HwpfrsdK;omv#if jzpfavonf? -opx&mvdk yDoduyfpferlemtajrmuftjrm;udk tao;pdwfokawoejyKcJh-uaom t*FvefEdkifiHESifh tar&d uefEdkifiHrS cE<maA'ynm&SifESpfOD;jzpfol avmh'f qdkv†D ZlumrefESifh ygarmuQ csm;vfpf atmhpf em'fwdk‹.awG‹&Sdcsuft& ‚if;erlemrsm;onf rsdK;okOf;oGm;jyDjzpfaom ±dk;±dk;arsmuf0Hrsm;omjzpf I vlom;rsm;ESifh rnfodk‹r# qifwlqufpyfr+ r&Sdacs?13 tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;onf/ vlom;wdk‹ay:aygufvmykH aemufwpfqifhudk “vlom;”[k t"dy`g,faygufaom“[dkrdk”[kowfrSwfac:-uonf? olwdk‹.tqdkt&/ [dkrdk tqifhvlom; avmif;owW0gonf -opx&mvdkyDoduyfpf xufydkrdkI wdk;wufonf[kqdkonf? vlom; avmif;owW0grsm;. ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;rsm;udk olwdk‹pdwful;aygufoavmuf tpDtpOf wus pD-uavonf? trSefrSm xdktpDtpOfonf/ pdwful;,OftpDtpOfomv#ifjzpfayonf? tb,fha-umifhqdkaomf/ xdktpDtpOfyg owW0gwpfrsdK;csif;. tDAdkvl;&Sif;qufpyfr+udk b,f aomtcgrS oufaojyEdkifjcif;r&Sd-uacs? ESpfq,f&mpkESpfrS ta&;ygqkH;tDAdkvl;&Sif;0g'D wpfOD;jzpfol tm;efpf ar,mu ola&;om;aom One Long Argument rnfaompmtkyfwGif/ “[dkrdkaqyD,H”. tprlvordkif;udk&SmazGjcif;onf tcufcJqkH;jzpfI/ a-ueyfavmufaom aemufqkH;&Sif; vif;csufyif &Edkifrnfr[kwfay?”14 [k &J&Jyifqdkxm;ayonf? tDAdkvl;&Sif;orm;rsm;u Australopithecus rel="nofollow">Homo habilis>Homoerectus>Homo sapiens, ponfhtpOftqufwdk‹onf/ vlom;rsm;.bdk;ab;bDbifrsm;[kqdkxm;onf? odk‹aomfvnf;/ Australopithecus, Homo habilis ESifh Homo erectus wdk‹onf/ TurBmay:wGif a0;uGmaom a'o&yfajrrsm;wGif wpfcsdefwnf;Y touf&SifaexdkifcJh-ua-umif; r-umao;rDu ausmuf jzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm&Sifrsm;u okawoejyK az:xkwfvdkuf-uavjyD?15 xdk‹xufru [dkrdktD&ufwyfpfrS tcsdKŒtydkif;rsm;jzpfaom Homo sapiens neandarthalensis ESifh Homo sapiens sapiens(acwfopfvlom;rsm;)onf/ urBmhtydkif;wpfydkif;wnf;wGif r -umao;rDtcsdeftxd twlwuGaygufzGm;aexdkif-uao;a-umif; awG‹&Sdaz:xkwfxm;.?16 ,if;tajctaeu xdktpDtpOfyg owW0grsm;onf wpfrsKd;ESifhwpfrsdK;. bdk;ab;bD biftqufrsm;jzpfjcif;udk acszsufxm;a-umif;udk jyqdkaeayonf? [m;AwfwuUodkvfrS ausmufjzpf&kyf-uGif;ynm&Sif pwDAifa*sa*gvfu xdkuJhodk‹tDAdkvl;&Sif;oDtdk&D. rqkwfom rwdk;omjzpfaeaomtajctaeESifh ywfoufI/ atmufygtwdkif; &Sif;jyxm;ayonf? u|Efkyfwdk‹vlom;rsm;ESifh vlom;avmif;rsm;jzpf-uaom -uD;rm;onfh A. africanus ESifh H. habilis wdk‹t-um; ±Sif;vif;onfhwpfrsdK;ESifhwpfrsdK;qufEG,fr+rawG‹&Sd&ygu u|Efkyf 83

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NOTES 1 Sydney Fox, Klaus Dose, Molecular Evolution and The Origin of Life, W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1972, p.4. 2. Alexander I. Oparin, Origin of Life, Dover Publications, New York, 1936, (reprint), p.196. 3. "New Evidence on Evolution of Early Atmosphere and Life", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol 63, November 1982, p.1328-1330. 4 Stanley Miller, Molecular Evolution of Life: Current Status of the Prebiotic Synthesis of Small Molecules, 1986, p.7. 5 Jeffrey Bada, Earth, February 1998, p.40. 6 Leslie E. Orgel, "The Origin of Life on Earth", Scientific American, vol 271, October 1994, p.78. 7 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, The Modern Library, New York, p. 127. 8 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facsimile of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, p.184. 9 B.G.Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1988, p.7. 10 Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A Facimile of the First Edition, Harward University Press, 1964, p.179. 11 Derek A. Ager, "The Nature of the Fossil Record", Proceedings of the British Geological Association, vol 87, 1976, p.133.

12 Douglas J. Futuyama, Science of Trial, Pantheon Books, New York, 1983, p.197. 13 Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, Toplinger Publications, New York, 1970, pp.75-14; Charles E. Oxnard, "The Place of Australopithecines in Human Evolution: Grounds for Doubt", Nature, vol 258, p.389. 14 "Could science be brought to an end by scientists' belief that they have final answers or by society's reluctance to pay the bills?" Scientific American, December 1992, p.20. 15 Allan Walker, Science, vol.207, 7 March 1980, p.1103; A.J.Kelso, Physical Antropology, 1st ed., J.B. Lipincott Co., New York, 1970, p.221; M.D. Leakey, Olduvai Gorge, vol.3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1971, p.272. 16. Jeffrey Kluger, "Not So Extinct After All: The Primitive Homo Erectus May Have Survived Long Enough To Coexist With Modern Humans", Time, 23 December 1996. 17 S.J.Gould, Natural History, vol.85, 1976, p.30. 18 Solly Zuckerman, Beyond The Ivory Tower, p.19. 19 Richard Lewontin, "The DemonHaunted World," The New York: Toplinger Publications, 1970, p.19. 20 Malcolm Muggeridge, The End of Christendom, Gran Rapids: Eerndmans, 1980, p.43.