Irreguler Verbs And English For Elementary School

List of Irregular Verbs INFINITIVE Abide Arise Awake

PAST TENSE Abode Arose Awoke

PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING Abode Tinggal Arisen Timbul Awoken Membangunkan

Backbite Backslide Be Bear Beat Become Befall Beget Begin Behold Bend Beseech Beset Bespeak Bestride Bet Bid Bind Bite Bleed Bless Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Browbeat Build Burn Burst Bust Buy

Backbitten Backslid Was/were Bore Beat Became Befell Begot Began Beheld Bent Besought Beset Bespoke Bestrode Bet Bid Bound Bit Bled Blessed Blew Broke Bred Brought Broatcast Browbeat Built Burnt, burned Burst Bust Bought

Backbitten Memfitnah Backslid Berbuat jahat lagi Been Ada Borne/born Menderita Beaten Memukul Become Menjadi Befallen Menimpa Begotten Melahirkan Begun Memulai Beheld Melihat-lihat Bent Membengkokkan Besought Memohon Beset Mengelilingi;menyerang Bespoke/bespokenBerpesan;menunjukkan Bestridden Mengangkangi Bet/betted Mempertaruhkan Bid/bidden Minta;menawar Bound Mengikat Bitten Menggigit Bled Berdarah Blessed/blest Memberkahi Blown Meniup;menghembuskan Broken Mematahkan Bred Menternakkan Brought Membawa Broatcast Memancarkan Browbeaten Menggertak Built Mendirikan;membangun Burnt, burned Membakar Burst Memecah Bust Menghancurkan;merusak Bought Membeli

Cast Catch Chide Choose Cleave

Cast Caught Chid Chose Clove/cleft

Cast Caught Chid/chidden Chosen Cloven/cleft

Melemparkan Menangkap Memarahi Memilih Membelah

Cling Clothe Come Cost Creep Crow Cut

Clung Clothed Came Cost Crept Crowed/crew Cut

Clung Clothed Come Cost Crept Crowed Cut

Berpegang erat-erat Memakai pakaian Datang Berharga Merangkak Berkokok;bersorak Memotong

Dare Deal Dig Dive Do Draw Dream Drink Drive Dwell

Durst/dared Dealt Dug Dove/dived Did Drew Dreamt/dreamed Drank Drove Dwelt

Durst/dared Dealt Dug Dived Done Drawn Dreamt/dreamed Drunk Driven Dwelt

Menantang Memberi;berdagang Menggali Menyelam Berbuat Menggambar Bermimipi Minum Mengendarai Merenungkan

Eat

Ate

Eaten

Makan

Fall Feed Feel Find Flee Fling Floodlight Fly Forbear Forbide Forecast Foresee Foretell Forget Forgive Forsake Forswear Freeze

Fell Fed Felt Found Fled Flung Floodlighted Flew Forbore Forbade/forbad Forecast Foresaw Foretold Forgot Forgave Forsook Forswore Froze

Fallen Jatuh Fed Memberi makan Felt Merasa Found Menemukan Fled Melarikan diri Flung Pergi dengan marah Floodlighted/floodlit Menyinari dengan lampu Flown Terbang Forborne Menyabarkan Forbidden Melarang Forecast/forecasted Meramalkan Foreseen Mengetahui lebih dulu Foretold Meramalkan Forgotten Melupakan Forgiven Memaafkan Forsaken Melalaikan;meninggalkan Forsworn Mengingkari Frozen Membekukan;membeku

Gainsay Get Gild Gird Give Go Grind Grow

Gainsaid Got Gilded/gilt Girded/girt Gave Went Ground Grew

Gainsaid Got Gilt Girded/girt Given Gone Ground Grown

Menyangkal Mendapat;menjadi Menyadur emas Mengikat Memberi Pergi Menggiling Tumbuh;berkembang

Hamstring Hang Have/has Hear Heave Hew Hide Hit Hold

Hamstrung Hung Had Heard Hove Hewed Hid Hit Held

Hamstrung Hung Had Heard Hove/heaved Hewn Hidden Hit Held

Menghancurkan Bergantung Mempunyai Mendengar Mengangkat Memotong;memarang Menyembunyikan Mengenai;memukul Memegang;menahan

Inlay Input Inset Interweave

Inlaid Input Inset Interwove

Inlaid Input Inset Interwoven

Menaruh;menata Menempatkan Menyisipkan Menjalin;berjalin

Keep Kneel Knit Know Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose

Kept Knelt Knitted Knew Laid Led Leant Leapt Learnt Left Lent Let Lay Lighted/lit Lost

Kept Knelt Knitted Known Laid Led Leant Leapt Learnt Left Lent Let Lain Lighted/lit Lost

Memegang;menyimpan Berlutut Merajut Mengetahui;mengenal Menaruh;bertelur Memimpin;mendahului Bersandar Meloncat Belajar Meninggalkan Meminjamkan Membiarkan Terletak;berbaring Menyalakan;menyala Kehilangan

Make Mean Meet Melt Miscast Misdeal Mishear Mishit Mislay Mislead Misread Misspell Misspend Mistake Misunderstand Mow

Made Meant Met Melted Miscast Misdealt Misheard Mishit Mislaid Misled Misread Misspelt Misspent Mistook Misunderstood Mowed

Made Meant Met Melted/molten Miscast Misdealt Misheard Mishit Mislaid Misled Misread Misspelt Misspent Mistaken Misunderstood Mown

Membuat Berarti Bertemu;menemui Melarutkan;mencair Salah memilih Salah membagi Salah mendengar Salah memukul Salah menyimpan Menyesatkan Salah membaca Salah mengeja Salah membelanjakan Membuat kesalahan Salah paham Menyabit;memotong

Outbid Outdo Outfight Outgrow Output Outrun Outsell Outshine Outspread Outwear Overbear Overbid Overcome Overdo Overdraw Overeat Overfeed Overfly Overhang Overhear Overlay Overpay Override Overrun Oversee Overshoot Oversleep Overtake Overthrow

Outbid Outdid Outfought Outgrew Output Outran Outsold Outshone Outspread Outwore Overbore Overbid Overcame Overdid Overdrew Overate Overfed Overflew Overhung Overheard Overlaid Overpaid Overrode Overran Oversaw Overshot Overslept Overtook Overthrew

Outbid Outdone Outfought Outgrown Output Outrun Outsold Outshone Outspread Outworn Overborn Overbid Overcome Overdone Overdrawn Overeaten Overfed Overflown Overhung Overheard Overlaid Overpaid Overridden Overrun Overseen Overshot Overslept Overtaken Overthrown

Menawar lebih tinggi Melebihi Berjuang lebih baik Tumbuh lebih cepat Mengisi;memberi Berlari lebih cepat Menjual lebih cepat Bersinar lebih terang Terbuka lebar Menjadi usang;mengatasi Menindih;melebihi Menawar lebih tinggi Mengatasi Memasak terlalu matang Melukiskan berlebihan Makan terlalu banyak Memberi makan kebanyakan Terbang diatas Tergantung diatas Kebetulan mendengar Menutupi Membayar terlampau banyak Mengesampingkan;menolak Membanjiri;melewati Mengawasi Meleset;melampaui Tidak terlalu lama Menyusul;mengejar Menjatuhkan;meruntuhkan

Partake Pay Plead Prepay Prove Put

Partook Paid Pleaded/pled Prepaid Proved Put

Partaken Paid Pleaded/pled Prepaid Proven Put

Mengambil bagian dalam Membayar Membela;memohon Membayar lebih dulu Membuktikan Meletakkan

Quit

Quit

Quit

Melepaskan;meninggalkan

Read Rebind Rebuild Recast Redo Rehear Relay Remake

Red Rebound Rebuilt Recast Redid Reheard Relaid Remade

Red Rebound Rebuilt Recast Redone Reheard Relaid Remade

Membaca Menjilid kembali Membangun kembali Menuang lagi Mengulang;memperbaiki Mendengar lagi Meletakkan lagi Membuat lagi

Rend Repay Rerun Resell Reset Resit Retake Retell Rewrite Rid Ride Ring Rise Run

Rent Repaid Reran Resold Reset Resat Retook Retold Rewrote Rid Rode Rang/rung Rose Ran

Rent Repaid Rerun Resold Reset Resat Retaken Retold Rewritten Rid Ridden Rung Risen Run

Mengoyak;mencabik Menebus Lari kembali;memainkan Menjual kembali Memasang lagi Duduk kembali Mengambil kembali Menceritakan lagi Menulis kembali Membebaskan diri Menunggang Membunyikan lonceng Timbul;terbit;naik Lari

Saw Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shear Shed Shine Shit Shoe Shoot Show Shrink Shrive Shut Sing Sink Sit Slay Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Smell Smite Sow Speak Speed

Sawed Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Sheared Shed Shone Shitted/shat Shod Shot Showed Shrank/shrunk Shrove Shut Sang Sank Sat Slew Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt Smote Sowed Spoke Sped

Sawn/sawed Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn Shaken Shorn Shed Shone Shitted/shat Shod Shot Shown Shrunk Shriven Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slain Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt Smitten Sown/sowed Spoken Sped

Menggergaji Mengatakan;berkata Melihat Mencari;menuntut Menjual Mengirim Menyetel;terbenam Menjahit Menggoyangkan Mencukur;menggunting Mengalirkan;menumpahkan Bersinar;bercahaya Memasangi ladam(kuda) Menembak Mempertunjukkan Mengerutkan Mengampuni dosa Menutup Menyanyi Tenggelam Duduk Membunuh Tidur Meluncurkan Melemparkan Menyelinap;mengendap Mengiris;memebelah Mencium bau;berbau Memukul;mempengaruhi Menaburkan benih Berbicara Mengatur kecepatan mesin

Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spotlight Spread Spring Stand Stave Steal Stick Sting Stink Strew Stride Strike String Strive Sublet Swear Sweep Swell Swim Swing

Spelt Spent Spilt Spun/span Spat Split Spoilt Spotlit Spread Sprang Stood Stove Stole Stuck Stung Stank/stunk Strewed Strode Struck Strung Strove Sublet Swore Swept Swelled Swam Swung

Spelt Spent Spilt Spun Spat Split Spoilt Spotlit Spread Sprung Stood Stove Stolen Stuck Stung Stunk Strewn Stridden Struck/stricken Strung Striven Sublet Sworn Swept Swollen/swelled Swum Swung

Mengeja Menghabiskan Menumpahkan Memintal Menusuk;meludah Membelah;tersobek;terpecah Merusak Menyoroti;menarik perhatian Memebentangkan;menyebar Melompat;meledakkan Berdiri Menebuk;melubangi Mencuri;menyelinap Melekatkan;menikam Menyengat;menyakiti Berbau busuk Menyebar;menaburkan Melangkah Memukul Mengikat dengan tali Berusaha Menyewakan Bersumpah Menyapu Bengkak;berlagak Berenang Memutar;membelok

Take Teach Tear Tell Think Thrive Throw Thrust Tread

Took Taught Tore Told Thought Throve Threw Thrust Trod

Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thriven Thrown Thrust Trodden/trod

Mengambil Mengajar Menyobek Menceritakan;menjelaskan Memikir;berpikir Tumbuh dengan subur Melempar;membanting Mendorong;menikam Melangkah;menginjak-injak

Unbend Underbid Undercut Undergo Underlie Underpay Undersell Understand Undertake Underwrite

Unbent Underbid Undercut Underwent Underlay Underpaid Undersold Understood Undertook Underwrote

Unbent Underbid Undercut Undergone Underlain Underpaid Undersold Understood Undertaken Underwritten

Melepaskan;merenggangkan Menawar lebih rendah Menjual lebih rendah Mengalami Berbaring dibawah Membayar sangat rendah Menjual dibawah harga Mengerti Berusaha;menjamin Mengasuransikan

Undo Unfreeze Unsay Unwind Uphold Upset

Undid Unfroze Unsaid Unwound Upheld Upset

Undone Unfrozen Unsaid Unwound Upheld Upset

Melepaskan;membatalkan Menjadi cair Menarik kembali perkataan Membuka gulungan Menyokong;membela Merobohkan

Wake Waylay Wear Weave Wed Weep Wet Win Wind Withdraw Withhold Withstand Work Wring Write

Woke Waylaid Wore Wove Wed/wedded Wept Wet Won Wound Withdrew Withheld Withstood Worked/wrought Wrung Wrote

Woken Waylaid Worn

Bangun Menghadang Memakai;berpakaian

Wed/wedded Kawin;menikah Wept Menangis Wet Membasahi Won Menang;memenangkan Wound Memutar;melilit Withdrawn Mencabut Withheld Tidak memberi Withstood Melawan;menahan Worked/wroughtBekerja Wrung Memulas;menjepit Written Menulis

A.

Recount Text Example 1 An Unlucky Day

One morning, I got up with the feeling that the day was going to be an unlucky one for me. How right it was! I found that it was already 06:15 a.m. I rushed into the bathroom. I did not see a piece of soap lying on the floor. I stepped on it and slipped, almost breaking my back in the process. Then, I went into the dining room for my breakfast. I gulped down the tea without realizing that it was very hot. It burnt my tongue. I spat it out and could not eat anything because my tongue hurt. I got dressed and rushed to the bus stop. Unfortunately, I just missed the bus. My heart sank and I knew that I would be late for school. When I reached school, my name was taken down by the teacher. The teacher scolded me for being late. To my humiliation, I was made to stand outside the class. I was so upset by the incidents that I could not study properly. But worse was to come. After school, I was on my way home when something hard hit me on the head. Someone had thrown a bag of fish bones out of the window and it landed on me! I was boiling with rage but could do nothing. However, luckily for me, this only raised a small lump on my head. I managed to reach home safe and sound, and did not dare to go out again for the rest of the day.

Example 2 Helped Our Neighbors Last week-end our neighbors decided to paint their living room. Their living room was large. They wanted to finish it quickly, so they asked us to help them. They wanted to paint the walls and to put up some new curtains. We wanted to help them. First, we took all the things off the walls and carried the furniture outside. We didn’t want to get paint on the floor. So, we put newspapers on the floor. Then one of us started on each wall. Each of us had a brush and some paints. We had break at 1 p.m. We ate fried rice and we drank orange juices. We ate together with our neighbors in their garden. When we finished painting the walls, we painted around the windows. We painted the walls yellow, and we painted around the windows white. We put up some new curtains. The new curtains are pale orange with small red flowers. We finished painting it at 6 p.m. The room looked very nice. We were very happy because we could help our neighbors. It was fun and interesting.

The texts above are some examples of recount text. The focus is on a sequence of events. A recount generally begins with an orientation. It gives the readers the backgrounds information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, and when it happened. Then, the recount unfolds with a series of events (ordered in a chronological sequence). At various stages, there may be some personal comment on the incident. We call it re-orientation.

B.

Descriptive Text Example 1 The Gembira Loka Zoo

The Gembira Loka Zoo is the only zoo in Yogyakarta. This zoo is located at Jalan Kebun Raya number 2. The wide is 20.4 hectares. The Gembira Loka Zoo of Yogyakarta is built in 1955 by Gembira Loka Foundation and it is planed by Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX. The Gembira Loka Zoo is a place to collect many kinds of flora and fauna. In this zoo, flora and fauna are cared well. They are showed for public. With purpose to develop culture in caring environment. This place is used in examination, education, and recreation. Gembira Loka Zoo has more than 500 kinds of plants and 400 kinds of animals. In this zoo, animals are classified in four units. They are mammals, aves, reptiles, and pisces. Since 1992 until 1996, sum of the giant lizarts are succeed to increase about 111 giant lizarts. This result brings the Gembira Loka Zoo get the reward "Wana Lestari Satya Nugraha" on February 27th, 1998. The Gembira Loka Zoo has ever followed The Giant Lizarts Dragon Conference in Thoiry Zoo, France on November 4th until 8th, 1998. The Gembira Loka Zoo is completed with recreation tools that are beautiful. This zoo also rent out some elephants and camels to visitors. Beside the Gembira Loka Zoo, there is Gembira Loka Botanical Garden. This place stores 500 kinds of plants. So, clearly name of this place is The Gembira Loka Botanical Garden and Zoo. The text above is a desriptive text. The text classifies or describes something based on systematic observation or describe something detailly. It begins with a ganeral statement which introduces the topic. Then it is followed by series of descriptions. In the description, facts (parts, qualities, and behaviorss of the subject) may be described.

C.

Narrative text Example 1

Jack and the Beanstalk There was once upon a time a poor widow who had an only son named Jack. They were so poor that they didn’t have anything except a cow. When the cow had grown too old, his mother sent Jack to sell it. On the way to the market, Jack met a butcher who had some beautiful beans in his hand. The butcher told beans were of great value and the boy that the persuaded the silly lad to sell the cow for the beans. Jack brought them home happily. When he told his mother about this, his mother became so angry that she threw the beans out of the window. When Jack woke up in the morning, he felt the sun shining into a part of his room, but all the rest was quite dark and shady. So he jumped to the window. What did he see? The beanstalk grew up quite close past Jack’s window. He opened the window and jumped onto the beanstalk which ran up just like a big ladder. He climbed and climbed till at last he reached the sky. While looking around, he saw a very huge castle. He was very amazed. Suddenly a handsome young man came to him and said. ”Jack, see this castle. In the castle, lives a couple of cruel giants. God has planned to end their life through you, because their wickedness can’t be tolerated anymore. Now, your task is to take from them a hen that lays golden eggs, and a harp that talks. Use them to help the needy and the poor. Use them also to make your mother happy.” Before Jack couldn’t say anything, the young man disappeared. Then Jack walked along the path leading to the castle. There was a big tall woman on the doorstep. Jack greeted her and asked for the giantees’ mercy to give him breakfast, because he felt very hungry. Although the giantees grumbled at first, finally she gave Jack a hunk of bread and cheese and a jug of milk. But Jack hadn’t finished when the whole house began to tremble with the noise of someone coming. “Oh! It’s my husband!” cried the giantees. “What on earth shall I do?” Hastily the giantees opened a very big cupboard and hid Jack there. At that time he heard a heavy tramp on the stairs, like the lumbering along of great cannon, and then a voice like thunder cried out. “Darling,” cried the giant, “I smelt the breath of a human. Let me have him for breakfast. Hmmm, it will be a good one.” Jack was so frightened that he began trembling. “You have grown old, my dear,” replied the woman. “It is only the smell of a nice fresh elephant steak that I have cooked for you.” And she placed the huge dish before him, which greatly pleased him and made him forget his idea of a human being in the castle. After eating, the giant opened a big chest and took out a couple of bags and gold, sat down to count. Then he asked his wife to bring him the hen that laid the golden eggs. The wife brought it, and the giant said, “Lay,” and it laid eggs all of gold. Then the giant became tired of counting the gold the hen had laid. He nodded his head, and snored till the house shook. Carefully Jack opened the cupboard that it wouldn’t make any noise and crept out. As he was passing the giant, he took one of the bags

of gold under his arm. He also caught hold of the golden hen. But this time the hen gave a cackle which woke the giant, and just as Jack got out of the house he heard him calling. “Wife, what have you done with my golden hen?” And the wife said, “Why, my dear?” But that was all Jack heard, for he rushed off to the beanstalk he threw down the bag of gold, which, of course, fell into his mother’s garden, and climbed down like there was a house on fire. They lived happily with the bag of gold and the golden hen. Not long after that, Jack’s mother was sick. Many doctors had been called, but none of them could cure her. The woman was sad, ate less and showed no interest in life although she and her son were wealthy. Jack was so confused what to do. He loved his mother very much. Suddenly, he remembered the harp. “Maybe it can cure my mom,” he thought. So one fine morning he rose up early, and got onto the beanstalk, climbed and climbed till he got to the top. But his time, he hid himself in a bush in the castle’s garden. He heard the giant asking his wife to prepare him a good breakfast. Then Jack came approaching and heard the giant call out, “Darling, bring me my golden harp.” So she brought it and put it on the table before him. Then he said, “Sing!” and the golden harp sang most beautifully. And it went on singing till the giant fell asleep, snoring like thunder. Then Jack entered the giant’s room and seized the harp and ran away with it, but as he jumped over the threshold the harp called out, “Master! Master!” The giant woke up suddenly, didn’t know what had just happened. But then he realized it and began chasing jack. The boy fled like lightning with the harp. However, still the giant came on so fast that he was quite close to poor Jack, and had stretched out his great hands to catch him. But luckily, just as the moment he stepped upon a lose stone, stumbled, and fell on the ground, where he laid at his full length. This accident gave Jack time to get on the beanstalk and hasten down it as he reached their own garden he called his mother, “Look what I’ve brought to you!” The harp began to play an enchanting melody and his mother smiled happily. But up there in the clouds, the giant who lost Jack’s track heard the harp’s song. Jack soon realized with terror that the thick beanstalk was shaking under a very heavy weight. The giant was coming down to earth! Without waiting Jack took an axe and chopped the beanstalk many times. As a result, the giant and the plant crashed to the ground with a very loud noise. The crash instantly killed the giant. Jack and his mother embraced each other, felt happy because of what had happened. Since then, they lived happily and wealthily. They were also kind and generous toward other people. The text above is an example of narrative text. The purposes of the text are to entertain, create, stimulate emotions, motivate, guide, and teach.

STRUCTURE Orientation Evaluation Complication Resolution

FUNCTION It sets the scene and introduces the participants (it answers the questions= who, when, what, and where). A stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narrator’s point of view) and it is optional. A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters. A solution to the problem (for better or for worse). Main characters find ways to solve the problem.

Example 2

ALI BABA Once upon a time, there were 40 thieves who put their stolen money and treasures in a cave saying to the cave entrance. A poor person called Ali Baba saw them while they were doing that, so he heard the opening word. After they left, he went towards the cave and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home. After that he became a rich man. His brother wanted to know how he became rich. One day his brother followed him to solve this mystery. Next day the brother went back to the cave. He found a lot of money but when he tried to get out he couldn’t. After a few minutes, the thieves came in and saw the brother. “Hey! What are you doing here?’’ asked the boss. “I took your money,” said the brother. The boss asked him how he knew about the came, so he told the story. They killed the brother. He was dead. Next morning the thieves hid in big jars and went to Ali Baba’s house. The boss and two of his men pretended that they were merchants. Ali Baba invited them to lunch. After lunch, they took a rest. The house maid went out and found 40 thieves in the big jars, so she boiled hot oil and poured it on their heads to kill them. After that Ali Baba lived happily forever.

D.

Anecdote Text Example 1 No Smoking

Mrs. Green was the manager of a large company, and she frequently had to have meetings with other business people in a room in her building. She didn’t smoke at all, but many of the other people at the meetings did it, so she often found the air during the meetings terrible. One day, after an hour, her throat and eyes were sore and she was coughing a lot, so she called a big air-conditioning company and asked them to work out how much it would cost to keep the air of the meeting room in her building really clean. After a few days the air-conditioning company sent in two estimates for Mrs. Green to choose from. One estimate was for $5,000 to put in new air-conditioning, and the other was for $ 5.00 for a sign which said, NO SMOKING. E.

Procedure Text

A procedure text is a text that tells us about how to make or operate something step by step. It can be a set of instructures or directions to show steps or stages. The procedure begins with an aim or goal. Then, it is followed by a list of materials or equipment needed. Then, the steps are listed in order. A procedural text is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses the simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also usually uses the temporal conjunctions, such as first, second, then, next finally, etc. The structure of this text consists of three parts: 1. Goal (or title) 2. Materials (not required for all procedural texts) 3. Steps However, there is a procedural text that only consists of goal and followed by some steps.

Example 1 Hi guys! You like eating snack, right? What’s tour favorite snack? Have you ever eaten a sandwich? You know the sandwich with peanut butter, honey, and a banana, it’s really delicious. Do you want to know how to make it? Right! It’s very easy. Well, you need about two slices of bread, peanut butter, a banana, and honey. And then, what should to do? First, take two slices of bread and spread peanut butter on them. Then cut up a banana into a small slice and put them on one of the slices of bread. After that, pour some honey over the banana slices. Finally, don’t forget to put the other slices of bread on top. Congratulations! Your delicious sandwich is ready to be served.

Example 2 Goal : How to make a sandwich

Materials : You need : • 2 slices of bread • Peanut butter • A banana • Honey Steps : 1. Take two slices of bread 2. Spread peanut butter 3. Cut up a banana into a small slice and put them on one of the slices of bread. 4. Pour some honey over the bananas. 5. Put the other slices of bread on top.

G.

News Item Text

A news item text is a factual text which informs readers of daily newspapers about events of the day which are regarded as newsworthy or important. The purpose of it is to inform the readers or listeners about the events of the day. The generic structure of the text consists of three parts: 1. Newsworthy events : recounts the events in summary form. 2. Background events : elaborate what happened, to whom, and in what circumstances. 3. Source : comments by participants in, witnesses to, and authorities expert on the event.

Example 1 Large Python Saves Riza and Twins A few survivors of Sunday’s calamity have a snake to thank for being alive. Riza, a 26 years old said that at about 08:00 a.m. she was enjoying the holiday in bed when suddenly she saw walls of water, mud, rocks and branches rushing into the neighborhood. People were screaming and running. Riza, who was living in a rented house near the coast in Banda Aceh with three friends, ashed up to the second floor of a neighbor’s home and stood on top of a cupboard,. But as she told Antara from a makeshift shelter on Wednesday, the current swept her and her friends off their perch. As Riza was drifting, she saw her neighbors, two girls-twins-and their mother. Riza, who can swim, managed to help the girls. She saw their mother was badly injured. The mother shouted, “Please help save my children. Let me be, but please save my children,” Riza recounted, in tears. As she struggled for her own life and that of the twins, she said a large snake as long as a telephone pole approached her. She and the 9 years old rested on the reptile, which wa sdrifting

along with the current. “Thank God, we landed on higher ground where the water level was only about a meter deep. The twins, who were badly injured, were safe.” Riza then slapped her face to make sure she was not dreaming. Riza who is currently taking refuge in the Banda Blang Bintang area, plants to go to her relative’s house in Medan, North Sumatra. “God still loves me,” she said, adding that she would never forget the tragedy.

A. Simple Present Tense This tense is usually not used to indicate present time. However, it is used to indicate present time (now) with the following stative verbs. It is used to indicate a habitual action or general truth. Or S + V1 +s/es + O S + To be (am, is, are) + O a. Habitual Action Examples : • I always go to school every morning. • He often speaks english with his friends. • They sometimes play the football. • She takes an english course twice a week. b. General Truth. Examples : • The sun rises in the east. • Fire is hot • The earth revolves around the sun. • The dogs are animal. c. To express near future action but the action is a habitual action. Examples : • I leave Bandung next month. • They take examination the day after tomorrow. • He goes to Surabaya next week.

B.

Simple Future Tense

a.

To express near future action. S + Will/Shall + V1+ O

b.

Examples : • I will telephone you tomorrow. • I shall leave Surabaya next year. • He will move to Jakarta next month. To express near future action (certainly than will or shall).

S + To be + Going to + V1 + O Examples : • I am going to meet you tomorrow. • He is going to visit his friend tonight. • They are going to spend the vacation next Sunday.

C.

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used for a completed action that happened at one specific time in the past. a. With verb. Examples : S + V2 + O • They went to Surabaya last week. • I saw her two days ago. • He came here yesterday. b.

Without verb. S + Was/Were + O Examples : • I was a student. • They were mechanics.

D.Present Continuous Tense. This tense is used to indicate present time (now) with all but the stative verbs listed previously. S + To be (am, is, are) + V1 + ing + O Examples : • • •

E.

I am studying english now. Marry is wtching television at present. They are playing badminton.

Present Perfect Tense S + Has/Have + V3 + O

Or

S + Has/Have + Been + O

a. b. An action that happened at an indefinite time in the past. Examples : • Jeanny has traveled around the world. (We don’t know when). • Yuli has come to the school. (We don’t know when).

c. An action that happened more than once in the past. Examples : • She has seen this movie three times. • Ami has eaten the breads ten times. d. An action that began in the past and is still occurring in the present. Examples : • Yuli has lived in the same house for twenty years. (She still lives there). • I have been a student since 1997.