Introduction To The Linux Ecosystem - Thibauld Favre
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March 15, 2007
Ubuntu Linux Training
© Copyright Thibauld Favre – [email protected] www.allmyapps.com
Today's Training Overview This morning : Theory Introduction to the Free & Open Source Software World Linux Distributions Explained The Hardware Support Challenge
This afternoon : Hands on! Ubuntu Installation Package Management Ubuntu Usage Conclusion
Objective of the day : Optimize your knowledge of Ubuntu Software – Desktop & Server
Introduction to the Free & Open Source Software World
Some History All began with a printer... Richard Stallman, American Launches the GNU Project in 1984
Linux, child of the Internet Linus Torvalds, Finnish First Linux kernel released as he was a student in 1991
Achievements IT accessible and affordable for everyone Fosters innovation Proprietary software players are bound to innovate “goodenough” isn't acceptable anymore from a proprietary software vendor
New business models emerge, more customer friendly (service oriented) Open Source SoftwareasaService
Threats Software patents Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt (FUD) Already in America, Japan Tough battle in Europe to fight software patents
Content control Digital Right Management (DRM) Protecting Intellectual Property (IP)
DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act Dissuasion strategy
Linux Distributions Explained
The Free & Open Source Software Galaxy Time
2005 Fspot Amarok Nautilus
2000 OpenOffice.org
Gnome
1995
KDE
Sendmail
MySQL X11 GNU Tools
1991
kernel
Applications Organization & Dependencies
Sugar CRM v1.2 Scribus v1.2.4 PHP v5
Amarok v1.4 Apache v1.3.35 Kde v3.5
Qt v3.4
Gnu tools
MySQL v5.0
Kernel v2.6.17 X.org v7.1
Firefox v2.0.1
Jboss v4.0.5
JAVA v1.5
Other toolkits
GTK v1.2
OpenOffice.org v2.1
Gnome v2.16 Fspot
J2EE App
What is a repository ? Time
v1.5
v5 v1.2
Which applications to include?
v2.6.18
v0.18
Which version of each application to include?
v5.0.1
v4
v3.5 v2.6.17
v0.17 v1.4
A Linux distribution repository
v5
i.e. Edgy
v2.1 v2.16
v1.2 v2.6.16
v1.1
v2.15
A repository is a coherent and stabilized set of selected applications
Ubuntu repositories (i.e. Edgy) main
restricted
Key FOSS applications maintained by Canonical employees i.e. Kernel, KDE, Gnome...
Free applications but with limitedcopyright maintained by Canonical employees i.e. Nvidia & ATI video drivers...
commercial universe FOSS Applications maintained by the Ubuntu community
Commercial applications maintained by Canonical employees i.e. Opera, Realplayer...
i.e. TinyERP, Wine...
multiverse
custom
Nonfree applications maintained by the Ubuntu community
Custom applications maintained by ??
i.e. Extra multimedia codecs, Microsoft fonts, Acrobat Reader, Java...
May be dangerous to use
Ubuntu Server & [Ubuntu | Kubuntu] Desktop Ubuntu Server
Kubuntu Desktop
Ubuntu Desktop
A repository lifecycle Time
Time
v1.3
v1.5.1
backport bugfix
v2.6.18.1 v1.2.1 v1.5
v5 v1.2
v2.6.18
v0.18 v0.17 v1.4
security
v4 v2.6.17 v2.16
v5.0.1 v3.5
v2.1
Edgy repository
v5 v1.2
v1.1
Debian Linux release mechanism Time
Released 6th, june 2005
Sarge Released 19th, july 2002
Woody
Released 14th, july 2000
Potato
Free & Open Source software
Debian Unstable
Debian Testing
Debian Stable releases
Ubuntu Linux release mechanism 26th, october 2006
6.10 Edgy 1st, june 2006
sync
6.06 Dapper 13th, october 2005
sync
5.10 Breezy
6th, june 2005
Sarge
8th, april 2005
sync
5.04 Hoary
20th, october 2004
sync
4.10 Warty
sync 19th, july 2002
Woody 14th, july 2000
Potato
Debian Testing
Debian Stable releases
Ubuntu Stable releases
Linux Distributions release overview Time
RHEL 5 Core 6
Core 5
Edgy Dapper
Core 4 RHEL 4
Breezy Sarge
Core 3
Woody
10.2
Fedora
10.1
FOSS
SLE 10 10.0
Debian stable
OpenSuse
Debian unstable
Debian testing
Ubuntu stable
Linux distributions quick comparison Novell / Suse Main specificity : YAST
Red Hat Main specificity : Leader
Ubuntu Main specificity : Free
Free & OpenSource Software
Windows platform development comparison Time
ISV
ISV
ISV
ISV
Microsoft Adobe Intel
Macromedia
Symantec
ISV
ISV
ISV ISV ISV
ISV
Windows XP
Challenge : Mixing proprietary & free software
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
?
FOSS
?
The Hardware Support Challenge
APPLICATIONS
The Kernel
MACHINE
KERNEL
Appli A
Appli B
Module A
Module B
HW A
HW B
Appli C
Appli D
Module C Module D
HW C
HW D
A political issue
Linus [..] explained that while the uservisible Linux ABI tries to remain static, the internal ABI is not at all. When it was pointed out that a stable internal ABI would help binaryonly module authors, he added : "It's not going to happen. I am _totally_ uninterested in a stable ABI for kernel modules, and in fact I'm actively against even _trying_. I want people to be very much aware of the fact that kernel internals do change, and that this will continue." Kerneltrap – 9th, december 2003
Appli A
Appli B
Appli C
Appli D
upgrade
2.6.18 Module A
Module B
Module C
HW A
HW B
HW C
Appli A
HW D
Appli B
Appli C
Appli D
2.6.19 Module A
Module B
HW A
HW B
Module C Module D
HW C
HW D
APPLICATIONS KERNEL MACHINE
MACHINE KERNEL APPLICATIONS
What it means
The Hardware Compatibility Challenge
Hardware Compatibility A
v2.6.20
Dapper
Driver B
Hardware B
v2.6.19
Breezy v2.6.18
Driver A
Hardware A
v2.6.17
Hardware Vendor
Vanilla Kernel development
Stable Linux Distribution kernel
B
Kernel lifecycle : 3 strategies Bugfixing (corrective maintenance) Pros: Safest and easiest way to proceed Cons: No new drivers are included, so the distribution quickly becomes “hardware obsolete” Who: Ubuntu, Mandriva
Upgrading (evolutive maintenance) Pros: New drivers get included, the distribution is always “hardware up-to-date” Cons: Put the system stability at risk, new bugs can find their way in Who: Gentoo, Fedora
Backporting Pros: The distribution stays up-to-date whithout sacrificing the system stability Cons: Requires heavy exponential work Who: Red Hat, Novell
Who we are? 2 former entrepreneurs
5
Ubuntu Linux Training
© Copyright Thibauld Favre – [email protected] www.allmyapps.com
Today's Training Overview This morning : Theory Introduction to the Free & Open Source Software World Linux Distributions Explained The Hardware Support Challenge
This afternoon : Hands on! Ubuntu Installation Package Management Ubuntu Usage Conclusion
Objective of the day : Optimize your knowledge of Ubuntu Software – Desktop & Server
Introduction to the Free & Open Source Software World
Some History All began with a printer... Richard Stallman, American Launches the GNU Project in 1984
Linux, child of the Internet Linus Torvalds, Finnish First Linux kernel released as he was a student in 1991
Achievements IT accessible and affordable for everyone Fosters innovation Proprietary software players are bound to innovate “goodenough” isn't acceptable anymore from a proprietary software vendor
New business models emerge, more customer friendly (service oriented) Open Source SoftwareasaService
Threats Software patents Fear, Uncertainty & Doubt (FUD) Already in America, Japan Tough battle in Europe to fight software patents
Content control Digital Right Management (DRM) Protecting Intellectual Property (IP)
DMCA Digital Millennium Copyright Act Dissuasion strategy
Linux Distributions Explained
The Free & Open Source Software Galaxy Time
2005 Fspot Amarok Nautilus
2000 OpenOffice.org
Gnome
1995
KDE
Sendmail
MySQL X11 GNU Tools
1991
kernel
Applications Organization & Dependencies
Sugar CRM v1.2 Scribus v1.2.4 PHP v5
Amarok v1.4 Apache v1.3.35 Kde v3.5
Qt v3.4
Gnu tools
MySQL v5.0
Kernel v2.6.17 X.org v7.1
Firefox v2.0.1
Jboss v4.0.5
JAVA v1.5
Other toolkits
GTK v1.2
OpenOffice.org v2.1
Gnome v2.16 Fspot
J2EE App
What is a repository ? Time
v1.5
v5 v1.2
Which applications to include?
v2.6.18
v0.18
Which version of each application to include?
v5.0.1
v4
v3.5 v2.6.17
v0.17 v1.4
A Linux distribution repository
v5
i.e. Edgy
v2.1 v2.16
v1.2 v2.6.16
v1.1
v2.15
A repository is a coherent and stabilized set of selected applications
Ubuntu repositories (i.e. Edgy) main
restricted
Key FOSS applications maintained by Canonical employees i.e. Kernel, KDE, Gnome...
Free applications but with limitedcopyright maintained by Canonical employees i.e. Nvidia & ATI video drivers...
commercial universe FOSS Applications maintained by the Ubuntu community
Commercial applications maintained by Canonical employees i.e. Opera, Realplayer...
i.e. TinyERP, Wine...
multiverse
custom
Nonfree applications maintained by the Ubuntu community
Custom applications maintained by ??
i.e. Extra multimedia codecs, Microsoft fonts, Acrobat Reader, Java...
May be dangerous to use
Ubuntu Server & [Ubuntu | Kubuntu] Desktop Ubuntu Server
Kubuntu Desktop
Ubuntu Desktop
A repository lifecycle Time
Time
v1.3
v1.5.1
backport bugfix
v2.6.18.1 v1.2.1 v1.5
v5 v1.2
v2.6.18
v0.18 v0.17 v1.4
security
v4 v2.6.17 v2.16
v5.0.1 v3.5
v2.1
Edgy repository
v5 v1.2
v1.1
Debian Linux release mechanism Time
Released 6th, june 2005
Sarge Released 19th, july 2002
Woody
Released 14th, july 2000
Potato
Free & Open Source software
Debian Unstable
Debian Testing
Debian Stable releases
Ubuntu Linux release mechanism 26th, october 2006
6.10 Edgy 1st, june 2006
sync
6.06 Dapper 13th, october 2005
sync
5.10 Breezy
6th, june 2005
Sarge
8th, april 2005
sync
5.04 Hoary
20th, october 2004
sync
4.10 Warty
sync 19th, july 2002
Woody 14th, july 2000
Potato
Debian Testing
Debian Stable releases
Ubuntu Stable releases
Linux Distributions release overview Time
RHEL 5 Core 6
Core 5
Edgy Dapper
Core 4 RHEL 4
Breezy Sarge
Core 3
Woody
10.2
Fedora
10.1
FOSS
SLE 10 10.0
Debian stable
OpenSuse
Debian unstable
Debian testing
Ubuntu stable
Linux distributions quick comparison Novell / Suse Main specificity : YAST
Red Hat Main specificity : Leader
Ubuntu Main specificity : Free
Free & OpenSource Software
Windows platform development comparison Time
ISV
ISV
ISV
ISV
Microsoft Adobe Intel
Macromedia
Symantec
ISV
ISV
ISV ISV ISV
ISV
Windows XP
Challenge : Mixing proprietary & free software
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
?
FOSS
?
The Hardware Support Challenge
APPLICATIONS
The Kernel
MACHINE
KERNEL
Appli A
Appli B
Module A
Module B
HW A
HW B
Appli C
Appli D
Module C Module D
HW C
HW D
A political issue
Linus [..] explained that while the uservisible Linux ABI tries to remain static, the internal ABI is not at all. When it was pointed out that a stable internal ABI would help binaryonly module authors, he added : "It's not going to happen. I am _totally_ uninterested in a stable ABI for kernel modules, and in fact I'm actively against even _trying_. I want people to be very much aware of the fact that kernel internals do change, and that this will continue." Kerneltrap – 9th, december 2003
Appli A
Appli B
Appli C
Appli D
upgrade
2.6.18 Module A
Module B
Module C
HW A
HW B
HW C
Appli A
HW D
Appli B
Appli C
Appli D
2.6.19 Module A
Module B
HW A
HW B
Module C Module D
HW C
HW D
APPLICATIONS KERNEL MACHINE
MACHINE KERNEL APPLICATIONS
What it means
The Hardware Compatibility Challenge
Hardware Compatibility A
v2.6.20
Dapper
Driver B
Hardware B
v2.6.19
Breezy v2.6.18
Driver A
Hardware A
v2.6.17
Hardware Vendor
Vanilla Kernel development
Stable Linux Distribution kernel
B
Kernel lifecycle : 3 strategies Bugfixing (corrective maintenance) Pros: Safest and easiest way to proceed Cons: No new drivers are included, so the distribution quickly becomes “hardware obsolete” Who: Ubuntu, Mandriva
Upgrading (evolutive maintenance) Pros: New drivers get included, the distribution is always “hardware up-to-date” Cons: Put the system stability at risk, new bugs can find their way in Who: Gentoo, Fedora
Backporting Pros: The distribution stays up-to-date whithout sacrificing the system stability Cons: Requires heavy exponential work Who: Red Hat, Novell
Who we are? 2 former entrepreneurs
5
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