Introduction To Contactless Technologies
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Introduction to Contactless Technologies
Xavier Appé 12th November 2007
Plan Introduction to Contactless applications The different Contactless protocols Protocol ISO 14443 Type A Description Protocol ISO 14443 Type B Description Contactless Tools at Gemalto
Proximera, 12/11/07
2
Contactless Applications Some examples
Payment Paypass VSDC
Transportation
Three main features: No contact with the validator Fast transactions, generally below 500ms Operates in short ranges
Calypso
Access Gemalto Corporate Badges
Proximera, 12/11/07
3
Contactless protocol standards Most common protocol standards ISO 14443 Type A With Phillips proprietary encryption&authentication => Mifare
ISO 14443 Type B Same Block Transmission Protocol as Type A (ISO 14443-4) Physical layer and initialization procedure (anticollision and selection) are different from Type A
ISO 14443 Type B’ or Innovatron Same physical layer as Type B Above layers are proprietary
Felica from Sony (Proprietary) also called type C ISO 15693
ISO 14443 Division: ISO 14443-2 Physical Layer ISO 14443-3 Initialization and Anticollision ISO 14443-4 Block Transmission Protocol
Use for RFID Tags
Proximera, 12/11/07
4
Contactless protocol standards Common Behavior Contactless Reader/validator When switched-on, the contactless reader generates a Radio Frequency (RF) field. It starts polling for a contactless device by sending requests (REQA,REQB,…) periodically. If a correct answer is received, it executes an anticollision loop in order to detect all devices in the field. Then it selects one of them and starts data communication.
Contactless cards The power is provided by the RF field An RF antenna is connected to the card to retrieve this power.
Contactless mobile phones Specifications of the NFC Forum to address use cases related to a contactless mobile phone environment Antenna in on the mobile connected to a NFC chip, this NFC chip forwards contactless data to the SIM card.
Proximera, 12/11/07
ISO 14443 Division: ISO 14443-2 Physical Layer ISO 14443-3 Initialization and Anticollision ISO 14443-4 Block Transmission Protocol
5
ISO 14443 Type A protocol description Initialization Flowchart
Application parameters (This data may change depending on the application in the card, example Paypass, VSDC, …) • UID in ATQA • Historical Bytes in ATS
Proximera, 12/11/07
6
ISO 14443 Type B protocol description Initialization Flowchart
Application parameters • PUPI in ATQB •Application Data in ATQB
Proximera, 12/11/07
7
ISO 14443 Type A/B protocol description Contactless Data Communication Once the initialization and anticollision phases are over, the data communication begins RF Reader sends the first command (generally an APDU) The APDU protocol is similar to the one of T=1 protocol – Data is always included in response – No GetResponse()
The protocol is Half Duplex, the RF does not reader send the next APDU before the card answers the previous one
When the transaction is over, the RF reader sends an Halt or Deselect Command. All communication stops The card then waits for a Wake-UP signal or a field exit.
Risk of “tearing” or “field exit” before the end of the transaction is high. It is the role of the application to prevent corruption in those cases.
Proximera, 12/11/07
8
ISO 14443 Type A/B protocol description Contactless Data Communication Example
Proximera, 12/11/07
9
Gemalto Contactless Tools RF Readers GemProx PU Micropross MP 300 CL2 Micropross Class 185 Inside Reader Vivotech 3000/5000 for Paypass/Visa
Proximera, 12/11/07
10
Gemalto Contactless Tool Reader Software (To manage reader, send APDU, run scripts…) GemProx Manager WinSPI MP300 Scope Inside MXStudio
Proximera, 12/11/07
11
Gemalto Contactless Tool Debug Tools Micropross ClassScope – RF Spy Oscilloscope SWP Spy with Xsmart Board
Proximera, 12/11/07
12
Common problems with contactless devices Timings too short Field power not strong enough Tearings leading to data corruption
Proximera, 12/11/07
13
The End
Thank you Questions?
Proximera, 12/11/07
14
Xavier Appé 12th November 2007
Plan Introduction to Contactless applications The different Contactless protocols Protocol ISO 14443 Type A Description Protocol ISO 14443 Type B Description Contactless Tools at Gemalto
Proximera, 12/11/07
2
Contactless Applications Some examples
Payment Paypass VSDC
Transportation
Three main features: No contact with the validator Fast transactions, generally below 500ms Operates in short ranges
Calypso
Access Gemalto Corporate Badges
Proximera, 12/11/07
3
Contactless protocol standards Most common protocol standards ISO 14443 Type A With Phillips proprietary encryption&authentication => Mifare
ISO 14443 Type B Same Block Transmission Protocol as Type A (ISO 14443-4) Physical layer and initialization procedure (anticollision and selection) are different from Type A
ISO 14443 Type B’ or Innovatron Same physical layer as Type B Above layers are proprietary
Felica from Sony (Proprietary) also called type C ISO 15693
ISO 14443 Division: ISO 14443-2 Physical Layer ISO 14443-3 Initialization and Anticollision ISO 14443-4 Block Transmission Protocol
Use for RFID Tags
Proximera, 12/11/07
4
Contactless protocol standards Common Behavior Contactless Reader/validator When switched-on, the contactless reader generates a Radio Frequency (RF) field. It starts polling for a contactless device by sending requests (REQA,REQB,…) periodically. If a correct answer is received, it executes an anticollision loop in order to detect all devices in the field. Then it selects one of them and starts data communication.
Contactless cards The power is provided by the RF field An RF antenna is connected to the card to retrieve this power.
Contactless mobile phones Specifications of the NFC Forum to address use cases related to a contactless mobile phone environment Antenna in on the mobile connected to a NFC chip, this NFC chip forwards contactless data to the SIM card.
Proximera, 12/11/07
ISO 14443 Division: ISO 14443-2 Physical Layer ISO 14443-3 Initialization and Anticollision ISO 14443-4 Block Transmission Protocol
5
ISO 14443 Type A protocol description Initialization Flowchart
Application parameters (This data may change depending on the application in the card, example Paypass, VSDC, …) • UID in ATQA • Historical Bytes in ATS
Proximera, 12/11/07
6
ISO 14443 Type B protocol description Initialization Flowchart
Application parameters • PUPI in ATQB •Application Data in ATQB
Proximera, 12/11/07
7
ISO 14443 Type A/B protocol description Contactless Data Communication Once the initialization and anticollision phases are over, the data communication begins RF Reader sends the first command (generally an APDU) The APDU protocol is similar to the one of T=1 protocol – Data is always included in response – No GetResponse()
The protocol is Half Duplex, the RF does not reader send the next APDU before the card answers the previous one
When the transaction is over, the RF reader sends an Halt or Deselect Command. All communication stops The card then waits for a Wake-UP signal or a field exit.
Risk of “tearing” or “field exit” before the end of the transaction is high. It is the role of the application to prevent corruption in those cases.
Proximera, 12/11/07
8
ISO 14443 Type A/B protocol description Contactless Data Communication Example
Proximera, 12/11/07
9
Gemalto Contactless Tools RF Readers GemProx PU Micropross MP 300 CL2 Micropross Class 185 Inside Reader Vivotech 3000/5000 for Paypass/Visa
Proximera, 12/11/07
10
Gemalto Contactless Tool Reader Software (To manage reader, send APDU, run scripts…) GemProx Manager WinSPI MP300 Scope Inside MXStudio
Proximera, 12/11/07
11
Gemalto Contactless Tool Debug Tools Micropross ClassScope – RF Spy Oscilloscope SWP Spy with Xsmart Board
Proximera, 12/11/07
12
Common problems with contactless devices Timings too short Field power not strong enough Tearings leading to data corruption
Proximera, 12/11/07
13
The End
Thank you Questions?
Proximera, 12/11/07
14
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