Interview Questions 2.docx

Factors. 1.hydrogen 2.temperature 3.hardness 4.stress

C.E.

=

> 15 ml hydrogen per 100 mg weld metal < 350 C > 400 VPN (Vickers pyramid number) > 50 % yield (cannot be measured so assume it is > 50 % yield)

% C + % Mn 6

+

% Cr + Mo + V + % Ni + Cu 5 15

PI = % Cr + 3.3 (Mn) + 30 (% N) Quantitative (measurable) Tensile Charpy Hardness C.T.O.T. (crack tip opening test)

Qualitative Bend test Nick break Macro Fillet fracture

WPS welding procedure specification - an approved and accepted welding procedure; an authorised document. PQR procedure qualification records - proof the procedure works - record of tests undertaken to qualify procedure. WAC welder approval certificate - required to ensure a particular welder is capable of welding to a procedure. WATC welder approval test certificate. WAR welder approval record. WPAR welding procedure approval record. WQT welder qualification test. PWPS preliminary WPS – un-authorized (contains all essential variables and, after welding the test piece and all NDT and destructive tests have been accepted, then the WPS can be approved).

The symbols "A", "S", "U", "PP" and "H" Stamps covers the fabrication and alteration of high pressure boilers, unfired pressure vessels, power piping and heating boilers. Once an ASME Stamped Pressure Vessel is manufactured, it is checked, tested and approved by the ASME Authorized Inspector, who review all the procedures and all documentation and sign the Data Report Form before the procedure to stamp the name plate with the “U” or “UM” symbols, which means that the Pressure Vessel fully complies with the ASME Code rules for construction of Pressure Vessels. The National Board of Boiler & Pressure Vessel Inspectors uses the “NB” Symbol as well the “R” Symbol to repair or to alter any previous Stamped Pressure Vessel

Section I - Steam Boilers S- steam boilers (master). A- assembly only. E- electric boilers M- miniature boilers. PP- power piping (B31.1). V * safety valves Section VIII Div. 1 - Pressure Vessels U pressure vessels. UM * miniature vessels. UV * safety valves. UD * rupture disk devices Section VIII Div. 2 - Alternative Rules U2 pressure vessels Section VIII Div. 3 U3 High Pressure Vessels. UV3* safety valves Section IV - Heating Boilers H * cast iron heating boilers. H wrought steel heatig boilers HLW potable water heaters. HV * safety valves

UT Sec.V (Article 4 in service insp & Article 5 exam methods for matrs, Article 23 stnds ) acceptance criteria for in accordance with ASME VIII, Div. 1, Appendix 12. ACCEPTANCE LIMIT FOR ULTRASONIC TESTING OF WELD JOINTS (As per API-1104) 9.6.2 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS

PA

Flat. 1G

PB

Horizontal vertical.2G

PC

Horizontal.2G

PD

Horizontal overhead. 2G

PE

Overhead. 4G

LPT Sec.V (Article 6 & Article 24 stnds) acceptance PF criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div. PG 1, Appendix 8.4 and 7, API-1104 - 9.5 Liquid Penetrant Testing

Vertical up. 3G Vertical down 3G

MPT Sec.V (Article 7 & Article 25 stnds) acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div. 1, Appendix 6.4 API-1104 - 9.4 Magnetic Particle Testing RT Sec. V (Article 2 & Article 22 stnds) acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div. 1, Appendix 4 and 7 for steel castings E 446, ACCEPTANCE LIMIT FOR RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING OF WELD JOINTS (As per API-1104, ) 9.3 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS VT Sec. V (Article 9 & Article 28 stnds) acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div. 1, Appendix API-1104- 9.7 Visual Acceptance Standards for Undercutting

Division 1: higher safety factor of 4. For example, if a 60,000 psi tensile strength material is used, the Maximum Allowable Stress Value is 15,000 psi. UW-3 WELDED JOINT CATEGORY Division 2: lower safety factor of 3. Thus, the maximum allowable stress value for a 60,000 psi tensile strength Category A. Longitudinal and spiral welded joints within the main shell, Category B. Circumferential welded joints within the main shell, material will become 20,000 psi. Category C. Welded joints connecting flanges, Van Stone laps, tube sheets, Normally, manufacturers will choose Division 1 for low- or flat heads to main shell, to formed heads, Category D. Welded joints connecting communicating chambers2 or nozzles pressure vessels and Division 2 for high pressure to main shells, to spheres, to transitions in diameter, to heads, or to flat-sided vessels. vessels, UG-99 standard hydrostatic test and UG-100 pneumatic test of vessels UW 34 UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS AND COVERS UG-102 TEST GAGES the range be less than 1 ½ nor spin holes are permitted at the center of head to facilitate forming not more than 4 times that pressure. Digital reading pressure greater in dia than 2 3/8 inch finished weld shall be examined & shall meet gages having a wider range of pressure may be used the acceptance requirements of Appendix 6 and 8 of DIV IRG exam if provided the readings give the same or greater degree of required by UW 11(a) accuracy as obtained with dial pressure gages.

TRANS MATERIALS

LONG

DENSITY

ALUMINIUM

2700

3130

6320

CAST IRON

6900

2200

5300

PERSPEX

1180

1430

2730

STEEL LOW ALLOY

7850

3250

5940

STEEL CALB BLOCK

MILD STEEL COATED ELECTRODES

7850

3250

5920

E7018-X E Indicates that this is an electrode 70 strong this electrode is when welded. Measured in thousands of pounds per square inch. 1 welding positions it can be used. 8 coating, penetration, and current type used. X Indicates that there are more requirements. 1 Flat, Horizontal, Vertical (up), Overhead 2 Flat, Horizontal 4 Flat, Horizontal, Overhead, Vertical (down)

Suffix

Additional Requirement

-1

Increased toughness (impact strength) for E7018 electrodes. Also increased ductility in E7024 electrodes. Meets most military requirements - greater toughness, lower moisture content as received after exposure, diffusible hydrogen limits for weld metal. Indicates the maximum diffusible hydrogen limit measured in millimeters per 100 grams (mL/100g). The 4, 8, and 16 indicates what the limit is. Example: -H4 = 4mL per 100 grams

-M

-H4 -H8 -H16

W47.1 – Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Steel

AWS3

ASTM

Mn Manganese Hardening element second to carbon

W59 – Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding)

A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination

Si Silicon Deoxidizer, moderate strengthener

W186 – Welding of Reinforcing Bars in Reinforced Concrete Construction

A 106 Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service

CHEMICAL SYMBOLS FOR THE ELEMENTS C Carbon Most effective hardening element in steel

P Phosphorus Causes cracking if too high S Sulfur Aids in machining - Cracking problems like P Cr Chromium Hardness (low) - corrosion resistance (high)

W47.2 – Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding of Aluminum

Ni Nickel Hardening element - better cold toughness

W59.2 – Welded Aluminum Construction

Mo Molybdenum Hardenability - high temp tensile - creep strength

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

B Boron Very small amounts increase hardness Cu Copper Corrosion resistance (low) - cracking (high) Al Aluminum Deoxidizer - improves mechanical properties

B16.34 Valves—Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End

Ti Titanium Removes: Oxygen, S, N, and C

Cb Columbium Hardness - Improves mechanical properties V Vanadium Hardness - Improves mechanical properties

B1.10 Guide for the Nondestructive Inspection of Welds CM-00 Certification Manual for Welding Inspectors AWSD1.1 – Structural Welding Code – Steel

B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings

N Nitrogen Improves strength - lowers toughness

A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions

B31.1 Power Piping

AWSD1.3 – Structural Welding Code – Sheet Steel AWSD1.6 – Structural Welding Code – Stainless Steel

A 335 Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service A 956 Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products A 1038 Standard Practice for Portable Hardness Testing by the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance Method E 94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination E 1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations

RP 582 Recommended Practice and Supplementary Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and API 510 Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: Maintenance, Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Gas Industries API 570 Piping Inspection Code: Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Rerating of In-Service Piping Std. 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Std. 653 Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Systems RP 2201 Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service RP 574 Inspection Practices for Piping System Components RP 578 Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems

API

Critical Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Testing

Macro-examination, QW-183 procedures QW-184 performance

British Standard, BS 7448. Part 1-1991: Amd 1: August 1999. “Fracture Mechanics Toughness Tests. Part 1. Method for determination of KIC, critical CTOD and critical J values of metallic materials”.

Mechanical tests, QW-141, QW-202.1, QW-302.1 QW-141.1 Tension Tests. QW-141.2 Guided-Bend Tests. QW-141.3 Fillet-Weld Tests QW-141.4 Notch-Toughness Tests.

ASTM E1290-93 “Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement”

Multiple positions, ASTM E1290-93 “Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement”

QW-122.3 Multiple Position 5G, Pipe with its axis horizontal and with the welding groove in a vertical plane.

ASTM E399-90 “Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials” Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) at room temperature, according to British Standard, BS 7448. Part 1-1991, on three point bend specimens. The mechanical properties of the material were: · proof strength at 0.2% at the test temperature: 602 MPa · Young’s modulus: 210,000 MPa · Poisson’s ratio: 0.3.

PART QW Dimensions 9 of welding groove with backing for performance qualification, QW-310.2 of welding groove without backing for performance qualification, QW-310.3 of tension test specimen, QW-462.1 of bend test specimen, QW-462.2 of test jigs, QW-466 of groove welds for procedure qualification, QW-212 Radiography, QW-142, QW-143, QW-191 acceptance criteria, QW-191.1.2 for performance qualification, QW-302.2, QW-304 retests and renewal of qualification, QW-320 Renewal of qualification, QW-322 Requalification, QW-350 Responsibility of records, QW-103.2 Responsibility of welding, QW-103.1, QW-201 Retests, QW-321

QW-122.4 Multiple Position 6G. Pipe with its axis inclined at 45 deg to horizontal. QW-132.4 Multiple Position 5F. Pipe with its axis horizontal and the axis of the deposited weld in the vertical plane.

test specimens, QW-462 tension — reduced section — plate, QW-462.1(a) tension — reduced section — pipe, QW-462.1(b) tension — reduced section — pipe alternate, QW-462.1(c) tension — reduced section — turned specimen, QW-462.1(d) tension — full section — small diameter pipe, QW-462.1(e) side bend, QW-462.2 face and root bends transverse, QW-462.3(a) face and root bends longitudinal, QW-462.3(b) fillet welds — procedure, QW-462.4(a) fillet welds — performance, QW-462.4(b) fillet welds in pipe — performance, QW-462.4(c) fillet welds in pipe — procedure, QW-462.4(d) corrosion-resistant overlay, QW-462.5 composite test plates, QW-462.6 spot welds, QW-462.8–QW-462.11 order of removal, QW-463 plates — procedure qualification, QW-463.1(a) plates — procedure qualification alternate, QW-463.1(b) plates — procedure qualification longitudinal, QW-463.1(c) pipe — procedure qualification, QW-463.1(d) pipe — procedure qualification alternate, QW-463.1(e) pipe — notch toughness specimen location, QW-463.1(f) plate — procedure qualification, QW-463.2(a)

Tables TESTS ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

bend and hammer, QW-192.2 fracture tests, QW-182 guided bend, QW-163 macro-examination, QW-183, QW-184, QW-192.1.4 notch-toughness tests Charpy V-notch, QW-171.2 drop weight, QW-172.2 radiography, QW-191.1.2 tension, QW-153 torque test, QW-192.3 ultrasonic, QW-191.2.3 requalification of procedures, QW-100.3 plate — procedure qualification alternate, QW-463.2(b) plate — procedure qualification longitudinal, QW-463.2(c) pipe — performance qualification, QW-463.2(d) pipe — performance qualification alternate, QW-463.2(e) pipe — performance qualification 10 in. diameter, QW-463.2(f) pipe — performance qualification 6 in. or 8 in. diameter,QW-463.2(g) pipe — performance qualification fillet weld, QW-463.2(h) Shielding gas, QW-408.1, QW-408.2, QW408.3, QW-408.4, QW-408.6 Shielded metal-arc welding variables for procedure, QW-253 variables, QW-353

Welding variables, QW415, QW-416 P-Numbers, QW/QB-422 F-Numbers, QW-432 A-Numbers, QW-442 Procedure qualification specimens, QW-451 Performance qualification specimens, QW-452 Performance qualification limitations, QW-461.9

SUBSECTION A NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF EXAMINATION . Article 1 General Requirements

SUBSECTION B Documents Adopted by Section V

Section IX Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers, and Welding and Brazing Operations

Article 23 Ultrasonic Standards

Part QW – Welding

SA-435/SA-435M Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of [ASTM A 435/A Steel Plates .

Article 2 Radiographic Examination. Tables T-233.1 Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters .

Part QW I - General Requirements Part QW II - Welding Procedure Qualifications Part QW III - Welding Performance Qualifications Part QW IV - Welding Data Part QW V - Standard Welding Procedure Specifications

SA-577/SA-577M Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of [ASTM A 577/A Steel Plates

T-233.2 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire Identity .

SA-578/SA-578M Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of (ASTM A 578/A Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications.

T-276 IQI Selection. T-283 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity.

SA-609/SA-609M Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic [ASTM A 609/A Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof .

Article 4 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Welds

SE-1025 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping (ASTM E 1025-05) Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology.

SA-745/SA-745M Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel [ASTM A 745/A Forgings

Article 5 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials

SE-1030 Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic (ASTM E 1030-05) Castings.

SB-548 Standard Method for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Plate (ASTM B 548-03) for Pressure Vessels

Article 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination

SE-1114 Standard Test Method for Determining the Focal Size of Iridium-192 (ASTM E 1114-03) Industrial Radiographic Sources

Appendices Appendix A Mandatory - Submittal of Technical Inquiries Appendix B Non-mandatory - Welding and Brazing Forms Appendix D Non-mandatory - P-Number Listing Appendix E Mandatory - Permitted SWPs

SA-388/SA-388M Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel 365 (ASTM A 388/A Forgings

Article 7 Magnetic Particle Examination. SE-114 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam [ASTM E 114-95 Examination by the Contact Method

Article 9 Visual Examination.

SE-213 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and (ASTM E 213-04) Tubing

Article 22 Radiographic Standards SE-94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination (ASTM E 94-04) SE-747 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping (ASTM E 747-04) Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology . SE-999 Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic (ASTM E 999-05) Film Processing.

SE-1165 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial (ASTM E 1165-04) X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging.

SE-273 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zone of [ASTM E 273-01 Welded Pipe and Tubing.

SE-1255 Standard Practice for Radioscopy [ASTM E 125596 (R2002)]

SE-797 Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic (ASTM E 797-05) Pulse-Echo Contact Method

SE-1416 Standard Test Method for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments .(ASTM E 1416-04)

SE-2491 Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of (ASTM E 2491-06) Phased-Array Ultrasonic Examination Instruments and Systems

SE-1647 Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiology. (ASTM E 1647-03)

Mandatory Appendices

Appendix 1 - Supplementary Design Formulas Appendix 2 - Rules for Bolted Flange Connections with Ring Type Gaskets Appendix 3 - Definitions Appendix 4 - Rounded Indication Charts Acceptance Standard Appendix 6 - Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) Appendix 7 - Examination of Steel Castings Appendix 8 - Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) Appendix 10 - Quality Control System Appendix 12 - Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT) Appendix 13 - Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section Appendix 14 - Integral Flat Heads with a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally-Located Opening

Article 24 Liquid Penetrant Standards

Article 25 Magnetic Particle Standards

T-762 Lifting Power of Yokes

SD-129 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General [ASTM D 129-00 Bomb Method (R2005)]

SD-1186 Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry (ASTM D 1186-01) Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base

(b) Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 10 lb (4.5 kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be used. (c) Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 40 lb (18 kg) at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.

SD-516 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water (ASTM D 516-07) SD-808 Standard Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum (ASTM D 808-05) Products (Bomb Method) . .

SE-709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination . (ASTM E 709-01)

SD-1552 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High(ASTM D 1552-07) Temperature Method). SE-165 Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination (ASTM E 165-02)

E 433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection 9.1.2 Because volatile solvents leave the surface quickly without reaction under normal examination procedures, penetrant materials are normally subjected to an evaporation procedure to remove the solvents before the materials are analyzed for impurities. The residue from this procedure is then analyzed in accordance with Test Method D 129, Test Method D 1552, or Test Method D 129 decomposition followed by Test Method D 516, Method B (Turbidimetric Method) for sulfur. The residue may also be analyzed by Test Method D 808 or Annex A2 on Methods for Measuring Total Chlorine Content in Combustible

METAL-ARC GAS SHIELDED, FLUX CORE AND GMAW METAL INERT GAS (MIG) METAL ACTIVE GAS (MAG)

MANUAL METAL ARC (MMA) WELDING, ALSO KNOWN AS SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW), DROOPING CHARACTERISTICS ( CONSTANT CURRENT)

TUNGSTEN INERT GAS WELDING (TIG) BS 3019 GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING – GTAW DROOPING CHARACTERISTICS ( CONSTANT CURRENT) ARC PROCESS

SUBMERGED ARC WELDING ( SAW) OR (SA) FLAT ARC PROCESS - (CONSTANT VOLT)

TYPE OF OPERATION MANUAL, MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATIC

TYPE OF OPERATION MANUAL

TYPE OF OPERATION MANUAL. MECHANIZED

TYPE OF OPERATION MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATIC OR SEMI AUTOMATIC

POWER SOURCE GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER & RECTIFIER

POWER SOURCE GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER AND RECTIFIER

POWER SOURCE GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER AND RECTIFIER

CURRENT

CURRENT

DC+ VE ALSO USED DC – VE OR AC DC + VE BEST PENETRATION DC- VE DEPOSIT IS HIGH

NORMALLY DC+ VE CAN BE USED WITH AC FOR LIGHT ALLOYS

CURRENT NORMALLY DC+ VE (CONSTANT VOLTAGE) SHIELDING GAESE ARGON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, HELIUM FOR NON-FERROUS METALS ARGON+OXYGEN(1-5) FOR STAINLESS STEEL ARGON + CO2 (2-25) FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEEL CONSUMABLE SOLID WIRE, CORED WIRE, SEIF SHIELDED WIRE, RUTILE CORED WIRE, BASIC CORED WIRE. METAL CORED WIRE ( Ø 0.8MM ~ 1.6 MM) ACCORDING TO BS 2901 GASES ACCORDING TO BS 4365 & BS 4105

CURRENT DC + VE BEST PENETRATION DC- VE FAST BURN OF RATE FOR LOWER DILUTION AC MULTY WIRE, TO AVOID ARC BLOW

DC ELECTRODE THORIATED TUNGSTEN. AC ELECTRODE ZIRCONIATED TUNGSTEN WITH BALLED TIP, ELECTRODE DIAMETER DEPENDS ON DEGREE OF BALANCE ON AC WAVEFORM. AC IS NEEDED FOR MOST WORK ON ALUMINIUM. CONSUMABLE BS EN 499, AWS A5.1, ISO 2560, BS 2926, BS 2493 BASIC E7018, E7015, E7016

CONSUMABLE WIRES ACCORDING TO BS 2901 PT 1-5 GASES ACCORDING TO BS 4105 & BS 4365

RUTILE E6013, E382R

CONSUMABLE SOLID WIRE USED Ø 1.6MM TO 6 MM) ACCORDING TO BS 4165, BS 5465 AND AWS A 5.17 FUSED AND AGGIOMERATED ACCORDANCE TO BS 4165, BS 5465 AND AWS A5.17

CELLULOSIC E7010, E8010

MODE OF METAL TRANSFER SPRAY OR FREE FLIGHT : GIVE HIGH DEPOSITION RATE AND DEEP PENETRATION WELDS, SUITED TO THICK MATERIALS EXCEPT LIGHT ALLOYS.

PRINCIPAL CONSUMABLES. (ELECTRODES) BASIC – LOW HYDROGEN POTENTIAL. USED ON ‘CRITICAL’ WELDS.

DIP TRANSFER: USED FOR THINNER SECTIONS AND FOR ALL POSITIONAL WELDING INCLUDING V/D.

RUTILE – FOR GENERAL PURPOSE NON-CRITICAL APPLICATIONS.

GLOBULAR TRANSFER: INTERMEDIATE RANGE BETWEEN SPRAY AND DIP TRANSFER MODE, NO MANUAL APPLICATION AND SUCCESS ON MECHANIZE AND AUTOMATIC.

CELLULOSIC – HIGH IN HYDROGEN. USED FOR VERTICAL DOWN ‘STOVEPIPE’ WELDING.

ACTIVATED 2% THORIATED USED ARC STABILITY WITH LOW AMP USED DC – VE FOR ALL MATERIALS EXCEPT LIGHT ALLOYS

IRON POWER – HIGH DEPOSITION IN FLAT AND HV POSITIONS. TOUGHNESS MAY SUFFER.

ACTIVATED ZIRCONIATED USED WITH AC ON LIGHT ALLOYS

PULSED: ARC IS MODIFIED FORM OF SPRAY MODE. GIVE HIGH DEPOSITION RATE AND FOR ALL POSITION WELDING WELD DEFECTS LACK OF FUSION OCCURS IN DIP TRANSFER MODE. SILICA INCLUSIONS (WITH STEEL ONLY). SOLIDIFICATION (CENTRELINE) CRACKING. IN SPRAY MODE TRANSFER POROSITY. LACK OF PENETRATION. UNDERCUT. SPATTER. CRATER CRACKING

SHIELDING GAESE ARGON USED FOR SHIELDING BUT NITROGEN, HELIUM ACTIVATED 1% THORIATED USED WITH DC – VE FOR ALL MATERIALS EXCEPT LIGHT ALLOYS

DC 1-3.2 MM AC 1-6.4MM

WELD DEFECTS LACK OF FUSION/PENETRATION. POROSITY. SLAG INCLUSION. UNDERCUT. SPATTER. OTHER TYPICAL DEFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH MMA INCLUDE: EXCESS PENETRATION. OVERLAP. STRAY FLASH. CRATER CRACKS.

WELD DEFECTS POROSITY. LACK OF PENETRATION TUNGSTEN INCLUSIONS. LACK OF FUSION. SURFACE OXIDATION. SPATTER. CRATER CRACKING. OTHER TYPICAL TIG DEFECTS INCLUDE: UNDERCUT. BURNTHROUGH. EXCESS PENETRATION. UNEQUAL LEG LENGTHS.

WELD DEFECTS SLAG INCLUSION. UNDERCUT

EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR FUSION WELDING DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

ARC WELDING STEEL

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WELDING COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR AVOIDANCE OF COLD CRACKS INSPECTION & TESTING AFTER WELDING NDT – GENERAL RULES

EN ISO 13916 EN 1011- 2 &3 ISO/TR 17671-2 & 3

EN 1011-4 ISO/TR 17671-4

CEN ISO/TR 17844

NA

EN ISO 17635

ULTRASONIC TESTING MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING MACRO- MICROSCOPIC TESTING

ACCEPTANCE LEVELS FOR NDT

TENSILE LONG

EN ISO 5178

RADIGRAPHIC

EN ISO 10675-1. 2 & 3

TENSILE PERP

EN ISO 4136

ULTRASONIC

EN ISO 11666, 15626. 22825

TENSILE CRUC

EN ISO 9018

MAGNETIC PARTICLE

EN ISO 23278

BEND

EN ISO 5173

PENETRANT

EN ISO 23277

FRACTURE

EN ISO 9017

VISUAL

EN ISO 5817 FOR ALL IMPRFNS

HARDNESS

EN ISO 9015-1&2

MACROSCOPIC

EN ISO 17639

HOT CRACK

EN ISO 17641-1. 2 & 3

COLD CRACK

EN ISO 17642-1. 2 & 3

JOINT DETAILS (Pre Comp/ steel constr)

EN ISO 17637

VISUAL TESTING RADIGRAPHIC TESTING

EN ISO 9016

ALUMINIUM

INSPECTION & TESTING DURING WELDING MEASUREMENT OF PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMP

IMPACT

EN ISO 17636-1 & 2 EN ISO 17640

QUALITY LEVELS & JOINTS EN ISO 17638 EN ISO 17639

QUAL. LEV. FW (NOT BEAM)

PENETRANT TESTING

EN ISO 3452-1

POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT

QUAL. LEV FOR CUTTING

EN ISO 17663

CALIBRATION/VALIDATION

EN ISO 17662

JOINT PREPARATION

STEEL

ALUMINIUM

EN ISO 5817

EN ISO 10042

EN ISO 9013 EN ISO 9692-1 &2

EN ISO 9692-3

EN 1708-1&3

What is a Stainless Steel? • At least 10.5% Chromium • Iron content exceeds that of any other element • Carbon less than 1.5% Procedure for Welding Martensitic Stainless Steels Above 0.3% Carbon • Preheat and Interpass Temperature: 350-400°C (630-720°F) (Keep weld austenitic throughout welding) • Immediately after welding, without cooling: heat to 650-700°C (1200-1300°F) and hold several hours (Transform weld to ferrite plus carbide) • Or, immediately after welding, without cooling: heat to 900-1000°C (1650-1830°F), air-cool to room temperature, temper to desired hardness

Pure Iron at Various Temperatures Liquid 2800°F (1538°C) - Solidification Delta Ferrite (BCC) 2541°F (1394°C) - Transformation Austenite (FCC) 1674°F (912°C) - Transformation Alpha Ferrite (BCC) Pitting Corrosion • chlorides • increasing temperature • microbes Localized attack of otherwise unaffected stainless steel. Pitting is promoted Cures for Pitting In Stainless Steel • Increase Cr • Increase Mo • Increase N Define Pitting Resistance Index: PREN = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N Cures for Chloride SCC • Lots of ferrite (duplex stainless) or third generation ferritic stainless. • Lots of nickel, molybdenum, and nitrogen (“super-austenitics”) or nickel base alloys.

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) • Chlorides in water solutions promote SCC. • Tensile stress is necessary - weld residual stresses often enough. • Austenitic stainless steels like 304 and 316 are most susceptible to SCC. SFA-5.01……………………..Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines SFA-5.02/SFA-5.02M………..Filler Metal Standard Sizes, Packaging, and Physical Attributes SFA-5.1/SFA-5.1M ………….Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding SFA-5.2/SFA-5.2M…………..Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding SFA-5.3/SFA-5.3M…………. Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. SFA-5.4/SFA-5.4M ………….Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding . SFA-5.5/SFA-5.5M…………..Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding . SFA-5.6/SFA-5.6M…………..Copper and Copper-Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. . SFA-5.7/SFA-5.7M…………..Copper and Copper-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes . SFA-5.8/SFA-5.8M…………..Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding. SFA-5.9/SFA-5.9M…………..Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods . SFA-5.10/SFA-5.10M………..Bare Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods . SFA-5.11/SFA-5.11M………..Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding SFA-5.12/SFA-5.12M……….Tungsten and Oxide Dispersed Tungsten Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting SFA-5.13…………………….Surfacing Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. . SFA-5.14/SFA-5.14M……….Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods. SFA-5.15…………………….Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron . SFA-5.16/SFA-5.16M……….Titanium and Titanium-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods . SFA-5.17/SFA-5.17M……….Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding. SFA-5.18/SFA-5.18M……….Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding SFA-5.20/SFA-5.20M……… Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding . SFA-5.21…………………….Bare Electrodes and Rods for Surfacing SFA-5.22 ……………………Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. SFA-5.23/SFA-5.23M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding . SFA-5.24/SFA-5.24M……….Zirconium and Zirconium-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods SFA-5.25/SFA-5.25M……….Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electroslag Welding. . SFA-5.26/SFA-5.26M……….Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electrogas Welding SFA-5.28/SFA-5.28M……….Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding. SFA-5.29/SFA-5.29M……….Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding. SFA-5.30/SFA-5.30M……….Consumable Inserts SFA-5.31 ……………………Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding SFA-5.32/SFA-5.32M ………Welding Shielding Gases. SFA-5.34/SFA-5.34M ………Nickel-Alloy Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

Carbon and Alloying Effects on Iron Liquid 2800°F (1538°C) - Solidification Delta Ferrite (BCC) 2541°F (1394°C) - Transformation Austenite (FCC) Below 800°F (425°C) - Transformation Martensite (BCT) ASTM G48A Pitting Test 6% FeCl3 in water Vary temperature in 2.5°C increments Expose for 72 hours Look for pits, or weight loss Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) In a standardized pitting test, such as ASTM G48, CPT can be: Highest temperature at which no pits occur, or Lowest temperature at which pits occur

Welder Qualification Weld Deposit “t”  ASME -Up to and including 3/8” thick qualifies 2t -Over 3/8” qualifies 2t -1/2” & over with minimum of 3 layers of weld metal qualifies for the maximum to be welded  AWS D1.1 -1/8”  t  3/8” qualifies for 2t -3/8” < t < 1” qualifies for 2t -1” and over qualifies for unlimited

Main Stainless Families • Martensitic - magnetic and hardenable • Ferritic - magnetic and non-hardenable • Austenitic - non-magnetic and non-hardenable • Duplex - magnetic and non-hardenable • Precipitation hardening

Valves are used for main three purposes listed below. For Isolation of flow. For Regulation of flow. For avoiding the reversal of the flow. The valves used for isolation cannot be used for regulation but other way round is possible. Various types of valves. 1) Gate valve 2) Ball valve 3) Plug valve 4) Butterfly valve 5) Globe valve 6) Needle valve 7) Check valve 8) Control valve (Handled by Instrumentation Department) 9) Pressure relief valve or Safety valve (Handled by Instrumentation Department) Valves Material: Forged Steel Cast Steel CS ASTM A 105 ASTM A 216 Gr WCB. LTCS ASTM A 350 Gr LF2 ASTM A 352 Gr LCB. LAS ASTM A 182 Gr F11 ASTM A 217 Gr WC6. ASTM A 182 Gr F22 ASTM A 217 Gr WC9. ASTM A 182 Gr F9. SS ASTM A 182 Gr F304 ASTM A 351 Gr CF8. ASTM A 182 Gr F304L ASTM A 351 Gr CF8M. ASTM A 182 Gr F316 ASTM A 351 Gr CF3M. ASTM A 182 Gr F316L ASTM A 351 Gr CF3C. ASTM A 182 Gr F321.

ASME Section IX WeldCanada.com Quick Review on Essential Variables 1-Guide (Preheat) The need for and the temperature of preheat are dependent upon a number of factors such as chemical analysis, degree of restraint of the parts being joined, elevated temperature mechanical properties, and material thicknesses. When welding two different P-Number materials, the minimum preheat temperature required shall be the higher temperature for the material to be welded. Also, thickness referred to for the minimum preheat is the greater of the nominal thicknesses at the weld of the parts to be joined.

AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding Code-Steel) Quick Review on Essential Variables

1-Guide (Position) AWS D1.1, Table 4.1, WPS Qualification CJP Groove Weld (Plate or Tubular), or Fillet Weld (Plate or Tubular) Qualification Test: Position Tested Position Qualified* 1G, 1G (Rotated) F 2G F, H 3G V 4G OH 2-Guide (Postweld Heat Treatment) When pressure parts of two different P-Number groups are joined by welding, the PWHT 5G F, V, OH shall be that specified according to ASME Table and applicable notes for the material (2G+5G), 6G, 6GR All requiring the higher PWHT temperature. When a non-pressure part is welded to a 1F, 1F (Rotated) F pressure part, the maximum PWHT temperature shall not exceed the maximum 2F, 2F (Rotated) F, H temperature acceptable for the pressure retaining part. 3F V The term thickness governing PWHT, as shown in ASME Tables, is the thickness of the 4F (Plate) OH weld or the thinner of the sections being joined, whichever is least. 4F (Tubular) F, H, OH For fillet welds, the nominal thickness is the throat thickness, and for partial penetration 5F All and material repair welds, the nominal thickness is the depth of the weld groove or * CJP Groove Qualify CJP, PJP and Fillet Welds preparation. For combination groove and fillet welds, nominal thickness is: * Fillet Qualify Fillet only (a) ASME Section I, PW-39.3; the total combined thickness of the deposited weld, * Groove weld on plate qualifies pipes equal to or greater than groove depth plus fillet weld throat. 24 in [600 mm] nominal outer diameter. (b) ASME Section VIII-Division 1, UW-40 (f); the nominal thickness is the depth of the * Vertical uphill to downhill or vice versa is essential variable groove or the throat dimension, whichever is greater. * Plug/Slot Welding Qualifies for Only the Positions Tested See AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: PQR Essential Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications 3-Guide (Heat input) ASME Section IX, QW-400: An increase in heat input, over that qualified, is See AWS D1.1, Table 4.6: PQR Supplementary Essential Supplementary Essential variable, and therefore needs re-qualification for impacted test Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for CVN Testing applications only. Applications The increase may be measured by the following: See AWS D1.1, Table 4.7: PQR Essential Variables for ESW Heat input [J /in. (J/mm)] = (Voltage x Amperage x 60)/ Travel Speed [in./min and EGW process (mm/min)] The requirement for measuring the heat input does not apply when the WPS is qualified 2-Guide (Thickness/Diameter of Base Metal Range) with a PWHT above the upper transformation temperature or a solution anneal after Test on Plate, CJP Groove Welds: welding austenitic materials. T: Thickness of Test Coupon Welded T from 1/8 in. (3 mm), but less than 1 in. (25 mm): 4-Guide (Joints) Sketches, Production Drawings, Weld Symbols or Written Description should show the Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 2T Max. general arrangement of the parts to be welded. Where applicable, the root spacing and T from 1 in. (25 mm) and over: the details of weld groove may be specified. At the option of the Manufacturer, sketches Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., Unlimited may be attached to illustrate joint design, weld layers and bead sequence, e.g., for notch T test on ESW and EGW: toughness procedures, for multiple process procedures, etc. Qualified Thickness Range: 0.5T Min., 1.1T Max. ASME Section IX, QW-250: A change in the type of groove (Vee groove, U-groove, Note “d” of AWS D1.1, Table 4.2: CJP groove weld single-bevel, double-bevel, etc.) is not essential. qualification on any thickness or diameter shall qualify Groove Design of Test Coupon for PQR: any size of fillet or PJP groove weld for any thickness or ASME Section IX, QW-212: Except as otherwise provided in QW-250, the type and diameter (see Clause 4.11.3 for Macroetch tests requirement). dimensions of the welding groove are not essential variables. For combination qualifications, the deposited weld metal thickness shall be recorded for Test on Plate (Pipe), PJP Groove Welds: each filler metal or process used. S: Thickness of Test Groove Depth 5-Guide (Position) S from 1/8 in. (3 mm), to 3/8 in. (10 mm): ASME Section IX, QW-212: Vertical-uphill progression (e.g., 3G, 5G, or 6G position) Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 2S Max. for PQR, qualifies WPS for all positions. S over 3/8 in. (10 mm) to 1 in. (25 mm), incl.: ASME Section IX, QW-203: Unless specifically required otherwise by the welding Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., Unlimited variables (QW-250), a qualification in any position qualifies the procedure for all Note “d” of AWS D1.1, Table 4.3: Any PJP qualification position. shall also qualify any fillet weld size on any thickness.

4-Guide (Base Metal Selection) AWS D1.1 Table 4.8: Table 3.1, Table 4.9 and Unlisted Steels Qualified by PQR PQR Base Metal: WPS Base Metal Group Combinations Allowed by PQR Any Group I Steel to Any Group I Steel: Any Group I Steel to Any Group I Steel Any Group II Steel to Any Group II Steel: Any Group II Steel to Any Group II Steel Any Group II Steel to Any Group I Steel Any Group I Steel to Any Group I Steel Any Specific Group III Steel to Any Group I Steel: The Specific PQR Group III Steel Tested to Any Group I Any Specific Group III Steel to Any Group II Steel: The Specific PQR Group III Steel Tested to Any Group I or Group II Steel Any Specific Table 4.9 Steel to Any Group I Steel: The Specific PQR Table 4.9 Steel Tested to Any Group I Any Specific Table 4.9 Steel to Any Group II Steel: The Specific PQR Table 4.9 Steel Tested to Any Group I or Group II Steel Any Group III Steel to Any Group III Steel (or) Any Group IV Steel to Any Group IV Steel (or) Any Table 4.9 Steel to Any Table 4.9 Steel: Steels shall be of the same material specification, grade/type and minimum yield strength as the Steels listed in the PQR Any combination of Group III, IV, and Table 4.9 Steels: Only the Specific Combination of Steels listed in the PQR Any Unlisted Steel to Any Unlisted Steel or Any Steel Listed in Table 3.1 or Table 4.9: Only the Specific Combination of Steels listed in the PQR Note: Groups I through IV are found in Table 3.1 5-Guide (Preheat) The need for and the temperature of preheat are dependent upon a number of factors such as chemical analysis, degree of restraint of the parts being joined, elevated temperature, mechanical properties, and material thicknesses. When welding two different material groups, the minimum preheat temperature required shall be the higher temperature for the material to be welded. For prequalified procedures, preheat applicable to the higher strength group, as per Note 1 of Table 3.1-AWS D1.1. Also, thickness referred to for the minimum preheat is the greater of the nominal thicknesses at the weld of the parts to be joined. AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: Decrease from preheat and interpass temperature above 25 F (15 C) [100 F (55 C) for GTAW] is essential variable. Note: AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications

6-Guide (Filler Metal) ASME Section IX, QW-250: Filler metal categories, F-No. and A-No., are essential variables. For Non-impacted test applications only, AWS or SFA specification classifications with the same F-No. and the same A-No. and the same minimum tensile strength and the same nominal chemical composition can be used with the same WPS. 7-Guide (Thickness of Base Metal Range) T: Thickness of Test Coupon Welded T less than 1/16 in. (1.5 mm): Qualified Thickness Range: T Min., 2T Max. T from 1/16 in. to 3/8 in. (1.5 mm to 10 mm), incl.: Qualified Thickness Range: 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) Min., 2T Max. T over 3/8 in. (10 mm), but less than 1-1/2 in. (38 mm): Qualified Thickness Range: 3/16 in. (5 mm) Min., 2T Max. T from 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) and over: Qualified Thickness Range: 3/16 in. (5 mm) Min., 8 in. (200 mm) Max. See Notes of Table QW-451.1 of ASME Section IX, for restriction on qualified thickness range for short-circuiting transfer mode of GMAW process, etc.; also when testing longitudinal-bend tests only 2T Max. for all of the above T ranges, See Table QW-451.2 QW-211 of ASME Section IX: Qualification in plate also qualifies for pipe welding and vice versa. Qualified Diameter Range: All Nominal Pipe (Tube) Sizes. FILLET-WELDS Qualified Range is all fillet sizes on all base metal thicknesses and all diameters as per Table QW-451 8-Guide (Thickness of Weld Metal Range) T: Thickness of Test Coupon Welded T less than 3/4 in. (19 mm): Qualified Deposited Weld Metal Thickness t: 2 t T from 3/4 in. (19 mm) to less than 1-1/2 in. (38 mm): Qualified Deposited Weld Metal Thickness t: 2 t when t < 3/4 in. (19 mm) and 2T when t >= 3/4 in. (19 mm) T from1-1/2 in. (38 mm) and over: Qualified Deposited Weld Metal Thickness t: 2 t when t < 3/4 in. (19 mm) and 2T when t >= 3/4 in. (19 mm) See Notes of Table QW-451.2 of ASME Section IX, for restriction on qualified thickness range for short-circuiting transfer mode of GMAW process, etc.; also when testing longitudinal-bend tests only 2 t for all of the above T ranges, See Table QW-451.2 FILLET-WELDS Qualified Range is all fillet sizes on all base metal thicknesses and all diameters as per Table QW-451

Fillet Weld WPS Qualification (Qualify all Plate/Pipe Thickness): Test shall be based on Max. single pass and Min. multiple pass fillet weld size to be used in construction (See AWS D1.1, Table 4.4). 3-Guide (Diameter of Base Metal Range) Test on Pipe (Tube), CJP Groove Welds: a) Job Size Test Pipes: Diameter over or less than 24 in. (600 mm OD) T from 1/8 in. (3 mm) to 3/8 in. (10 mm), incl.: Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 2T Max. T over 3/8 in. (10 mm), but less than 3/4 in. (20 mm): Qualified Thickness Range: 0.5T Min., 2T Max. T from 3/4 in. (20 mm) and over: Qualified Thickness Range: 3/8 in. (10 mm) Min., Unlimited Qualified Nominal Diameter of Pipe (Tube) Size: Test diameter and over b) Standard Test Pipes: 2 in. Sch. 80 (50 mm OD x 6 mm WT) or 3 in. Sch. 40 (75 mm OD x 6 mm WT) Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 3/4 in. (20 mm) Max. Qualified Nominal Diameter of Pipe (Tube) Size: 3/4 in. (20 mm OD) through 4 in. (100 mm OD) 6 in. Sch. 120 (150 mm OD x 14 WT) or 8 in. Sch. 80 (200 mm OD x 12 WT) Qualified Thickness Range: 3/16 in. (5 mm) Min., Unlimited Qualified Nominal Diameter of Pipe (Tube) Size: 4 in. (100 mm OD) and over Note “d” of AWS D1.1, Table 4.2: CJP groove weld qualification on any thickness or diameter shall qualify any size of fillet or PJP groove weld for any thickness or diameter (see Clause 4.11.3 for Macroetch tests requirement).

6-Guide (Joint) AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: Essential Variables for Joints: -A change in groove type (e.g., single-V to double-V), except qualification of any CJP groove weld qualifies for any groove detail conforming to the requirements of 3.12 (PJP-Figures 3.3) or 3.13 (CJP-Figures 3.4). -A decrease in the groove angle and root opening, an increase in the root face exceeding the tolerances (increase in the groove angle above 10 degree) for any groove detail conforming to the requirements of 3.12 (PJP-Figures 3.3) or 3.13 (CJP-Figures 3.4), 3.13.5 and 5.22.4.1 or 5.22.4.2 (Tubular and Nontubular). -The omission, but not inclusion, of backing or backgouging -A change in the type of groove to a square groove and vice versa Note: AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications 7-Guide (Heat input) See AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: PQR Essential Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications See AWS D1.1, Table 4.6: PQR Supplementary Essential Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for CVN Testing Applications See AWS D1.1, Table 4.7: PQR Essential Variables for ESW and EGW process AWS D1.1, 5.7 Heat Input Control for Quenched and Tempered Steels: When quenched and tempered steels are welded, the heat input shall be restricted in conjunction with the maximum preheat and interpass temperatures required. Such considerations shall include the additional heat input produced in simultaneous welding on the two sides of a common member. The preceding limitations shall be in conformance with the producer’s recommendations. The increase may be measured by the following: Heat input [J /in. (J/mm)] = (Voltage x Amperage x 60)/ Travel Speed [in./min (mm/min)] 8-Guide (Welding Process) Essential Variables for SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, GTAW Process: AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables, for NonCVN Testing Applications AWS D1.1, Table 4.6 PQR Supplementary Essential Variables, for CVN Testing Applications Essential Variables for ESW, EGW Process: AWS D1.1, Table 4.7 PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Re-qualification

NDT METHOD’S

CODE’S

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

STRUCTURAL : NON TUBULAR VT

AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 PART 6.9 VI

PT

ASTM E 165-95 STND TEST METH FOR LP EXAM

MPT

ASTM – 709-91 STND PRACTICE FOR MP

UT

ASTM E 164-97 STND PRACTICE FOR ULTRASONIC CONTACT EXAM OF WELDMENTS

RT

ASME V, ARTICLE 2, RG EXAM WITH REF TO ASTM 1032-92

AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 SEC 6 TABLE 6.1

AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 SEC 6, TABLE 6.2 UT ACC- REJ CRITERIA (STATICALLY LOADED NTC) AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 PARA 6.12.1 NDT RG TEST ACC- CRITERIA FOR NTC

STRUCTURAL : TUBULAR PT

ASTM E 165-95 STND TEST METH FOR LP EXAM

MPT

ASTM – 709-91 STND PRACTICE FOR MP

UT

ASTM E 164-97 STND PRACTICE FOR ULTRASONIC CONTACT EXAM OF WELDMENTS

AWS S6.13.3 UT ACC CRITERIA TC

RT

ASME V, ARTICLE 2, RG EXAM WITH REF TO ASTM 1032-92

AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 PARA 6.12.3 NDT RG TEST ACC- CRITERIA FOR TC

PRESSURE VESSELS ASME SEC VIII DIV -1APP 8 METHODS FOR PT, 8-4 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS ASME SEC VIII DIV -1 APP 6 METHODS FOR MT, 6-4 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS

PT

ASTM E 165-95 STND TEST METH FOR LP EXAM

MPT

ASTM V – ART 25 MAGNETIC PRACTICE STND PARA 4.2

UT

ASTM E 164-97 STND PRACTICE FOR ULTRASONIC CONTACT EXAM OF WELDMENTS

ASME SEC VIII DIV -1, APPD 12 PARA 3, ACC-REJ STND

ASTM V – ART 2 RG EXAM

ASME SEC VIII DIV -1, APPDIX 12 PARA 3, ACC-REJ STND APP 4 ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS ACCP STAND FOR RG DETERMINED ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS, 4-3 ACC CRITERIA

RT

STEEL CASTINGS (a) MP Exams shall be per App 6 except that acceptance standards shall be as given in 7-3(a)(3) of this Appx. (b) LP Exams shall be per Appendix 8 except that acceptance standards shall be as given in 7-3(a)(4) of this App (c) RG Exams shall be per Article 2 of Section V with acceptance standards as given in 7-3(a)(1) or 7-3(b)(3) of this App. (d) UT Exams shall be per Article 5 of Section V with acceptance standards as given in 7- 3(b)(3) of this App.

ASME SEC VIII DIV -1 APP 7 EXAM OF STEEL CASTINGS