Integrated Pest Management

MAINSTREAMING AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY FOR FOOD SECURITY

Satellite Event at Tenth Regular Session of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Integrated agro-ecological approaches and community-based adaptive management: Integrated Pest Management Rice Food Webs and Regional Pools of Species Farmers’ Field Schools Policy Reform and Impact

Rice Food Webs Aquatic food webs support biocontrol Decomposing organic matter feeds the food web from bottom up Regional species pools supply rice fields with natural enemies

Irrigated Rice Food Web Hyper Parasitoids

PARASITOIDS ARTHROPOD PREDATORS HERBIVORES

CHIRONOMIDS & MOSQUITOES TUBIFICID WORMS

RICE PLANT

MICROCRUSTACEA ROTIFERS

PHYTOPLANKTON

DETRITIVORES PROTOZOA CO2 P2O5 NH4 NO3

AQUATIC BACTERIA

OTHER

ORGANIC MATTER

1.5 Ha ; 12 replications 750 600 450 Neutrals Predators

Mean insects per square meter

Adding Organic Matter to a Rice Field Boosts populations of Detritus-Feeders, Plankton Feeders & Predatory Insects

300 150 0

Low

High

Below water Canopy

Low High Water surface and Plant

Organic Matter Inputs

Large Spatial & Temporal Scale

Speciation

Coevolutionary History

Regional Species Pool

Small

Landscape-Level “Filters”

Extinction

• Synchrony • Landscape Grain • Non--crop Vegetation • Corridors • Fallow patterns • Regional Pesticide Use

Community Assembly

Farmers’ Field Schools

From Central Java to Central Mali: Constructing Ecosystems in Groups

Agro-ecosystem analysis

Agro-ecosystem analysis Making field observations

Discussing field observations

Policy Reforms

Indonesia 1986: Planning Minister and Junior Minister Agriculture go to field, meet farmers, 3 weeks later, National IPM Policy announced by President

Indonesia 1990: New Junior Minister Agriculture and Cabinet Sect. go to field, meet farmers, reject repeal of pesticide restrictions and reinforce IPM

INDONESIA Rice Production and Pesticide Consumption 140

60,000,000

120

50,000,000

30,000,000 60 40 20 0

20,000,000 10,000,000 0

Production Mt

40,000,000

80

Ye ar 19 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01

Pesticides USD

100

USD Million Mt

Literacy NOT Required

Farmers Demonstrate their their Constructed Ecosystems in Public: West

Farmer Scientist Ms. Elizabeth Baratsa of Bungoma, Western Kenya Explains HER concept of Vector Transmission of Maize Streak Virus between plants of a recommended variety to a national researcher from Uganda

Farmers Mobilizing for Local Policy Reform in Selingue, Mali

Iranian Farmer Field Schools: Biodiversity Management by Local Communities

Thank You !

National IPM Programmes Sub Regional Clusters: ● Reinforce each other with expertise, experience, example ● Field Exchanges ● Natural Trade Partners: Harmonize to reduce costs ● Common Threats from Invasive Pests

Sub-Regional Clusters of National IPM Programmes