Institut Perguruan Tuanku Bainun

INSTITUT PERGURUAN TUANKU BAINUN 14000,BUKIT MERTAJAM PULAU PINANG

PPISMP AMBILAN JULAI 2009 STUDENTS’ NAME

INDEX NUMBER

MUHAMMAD ZULFIKRI BIN MOHD YUSOF

I.C. NUMBER 910707-11-5139

MUHAMMAD AMIRUL IZZAT BIN ABDULLAH ROZAINI BIN ABDULLAH MUHAMMAD RIZAL BIN CHE DIN

UNIT

ENGLISH UNIT, LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

SUBJECT& SUBJECT CODE

DATE OF SUBMISSION

18 SEPTEMBER 2009

NAME OF LECTURER

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFIENCY

DECLARATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.” Signed

:

____________________

Name

: MUHAMMAD ZULFIKRI BIN MOHD YUSOF

Date

: 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

DECLARATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.” Signed

:

____________________

Name

: MUHAMMAD IZZAT BIN ABDULLAH

Date

: 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

DECLERATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.” Signed

:

____________________

Name

: MUHAMMAD RIZAL BIN CHE DIN

Date

: 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

DECLERATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.” Signed

:

____________________

Name

: ROZAINI BIN ZULKIFLE

Date

: 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

INTRODUCTION

Science and technology is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science and technology. It frequently appears within titles of academic disciplines (science and technology studies) and government offices. Science and technology studies (STS) is the study of how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these in turn affect society, politics, and culture. More than two dozen universities worldwide offer baccalaureate degrees in STS; about half of these also offer doctoral or master's programs. The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history which examines how humanity understands of the natural world (science) and ability to manipulate it (technology) has changed over the millennia. This field of history also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of scientific innovation So our group very interest to do an article about science and technology because people should know the important and usage of technology because it make our life more confortable.in the other way, the using technology in our daily activity make it more efficient.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, thank you to all my friends that together with me to complete this coursework Not only that, also thank to my English Language Proficiency lecturer, Encik Azizan as my tutor in this subject. Doing I complete this coursework, MY group and I very excited because we can explore the urbanization of science and technology. Science and technology are very useful in education, sport, and health and environment field to make it better. From doing this coursework, I get lot of knowledge and information from outer source like in the internet, reference books and other people suggestion. In addition to, I can I get a lot of information about technology. Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Nowadays, when the rapidness of development and research is so impressive, it is easy to think about the advantages of modern technology. Nevertheless some people argue that science can destroy mankind. It is also obvious that we are close on an era where technology is limited only by our imagination. Therefore the most frequently asked question is: does technology go the right way and will it save or ruin our civilization? Lastly, thanks all people who include in my course work. Your contributions I will not forget. Thank you..

CONTENT PAGES

TOPICS DECLERATION COURSE WORK INTRODUCTON ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONTENT AN ARTICLE CONCLUSION REFLECTION COLLABORATION FORM BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE APPENDIX MARKING COURSE WORK FORM

PAGES

CONCLUSION

The term technology has had an interesting evolution. Originally it was used to refer to the processing of raw materials. However, production turned out to be but one small aspect of the resources and activities involved in successfully running an industrial organization. Gradually awareness grew that a combination of scientific knowledge and accumulated experience is necessary to run any large system, no matter what its nature. Thus, with the evolution of modern society, technology's role has increased enormously in depth and in scope. Technology is not the only factor shaping our future, but there is no doubt that it will play a decisive role in all efforts to change our world. Knowing this, it would be too risky to allow technology to develop without monitoring its trends in terms of social needs. Already a new activity, technology forecasting and assessment, is becoming a prominent part of any national and global planning. The speed of technological progress has increased so much that, without a strategy of technological development, the economic and defensive capabilities of any country could be seriously undermined. Choosing an adequate strategy for technological development has become a highly delicate issue, especially for developing countries. Traditional approaches, such as giving top priority to heavy industry, have lost much of their value because many other industries, once at the bottom of the priority list, have been promoted to the top (food production, data processing, raw materials, and so forth). On the other hand, many options in the selection of an appropriate strategy for technological development that did not exist 30 or 40 years ago are available today. The most powerful factors shaping our technology - union of science, research and technology as well as extensive technological education - were almost non-existent until the middle of the nineteenth century.

REFLECTION

First of all, I would like to greet my basic mathematics lecturer Madam Ng because give her hand to me for complete this coursework. Great appreciation goes to my parents that give me advices and inspirations to complete this short coursework. I also very pleasure to thanks to my friends that help me a lot during doing this coursework. What i can conclude from thus coursework is this piece is by no means an exhaustive study of future technology, for that would require enormous effort and detailed analysis. Most probably it will take another hundred years before the transition from profit-motivated and economic growth-oriented development to human factor-dominated technology is achieved. But the transition has already begun and there is no turning back. Having to choose between mere generalities and technical considerations, I wanted to present, in the first place, a possible outline for international research activity in the domain of technology and society. History of technology, multidisciplinary studies of the impact of technology, the strategy of technological development and technology forecasting and assessment seem to be pieces of a new, comprehensive field of academic activity. The issues raised are of such fundamental and general importance that the United Nations University seems to be the most appropriate institution to launch such a research programme. As noted, during the Industrial Revolution academic institutions were not anxious to invest their intellectual resources in engineering and technology. This time, the university is given another chance to assume a leading role at a time of transition. We should not remain passively watching the emergence of new relations between society and technology. New living conditions have placed new requirements on technology. It is a matter of complex multidisciplinary studies to propose more precise guidelines for a strategy of technological development in our era. At this point I shall just present a sketch of some of the options which lie before us. a. Urban technology. So far it has been technology's role to support the functioning of human settlements whose basic profiles and growth have been determined by the needs of consumer society, commerce, banking, industry and administration. Eventually, with increased social consciousness and in the face of an alarming

deterioration in the quality of life in metropolitan areas, steps were taken to use technology to improve the worst effects of the urban crisis. From a long-term point of view, palliative measures cannot resolve the problem; instead, the basic approach must be changed. Social, urban, regional and economic planning must be granted the same status as other factors so that human needs are matched not to patterns imposed by the past but to projects containing completely new value systems. For instance our cities would certainly offer much better opportunities for human contact if urban transportation systems had been built on the principle of pedestrian zones, public transportation and individual motorized displacement. New technology for human settlements must be oriented in a way which will strike a better balance between human needs and economic constraints. b. Health care systems. The most striking fact about health services is the very idea that "health care," conceived as a nation-wide system, is relatively new. The basic human right to have equal access to the best medical care available is still far from a reality in our world. Technology is certainly one restraint on progress in this area. Medical

instrumentation,

hospital

management

and

existing

organizational

institutions are still unable to accomplish the transition from the centuries-old practice of "small-scale operations" to the full coverage of citizens' demands in health services.

Our

current

knowledge

of

automation,

electronics,

computers,

telecommunications and so forth is such that with concurrent efforts of science, technology and organized social forces a much better functioning of large-scale health care systems can be assured. The effect of profit-motivated technology on the drug industry is another deep problem related to health care. How many of the drugs bombarding us are effective, semi-effective or ineffective remains to be analysed, though drug and food safety regulations are certainly a small step in the right direction. Technology's future role in health care presents great challenges and expectations. Neglecting health care problems is a reflection more of misplaced social priorities than of current technology deficiencies.

c. Management technology. I have pointed out that the most adverse effects on human rights in the production sphere occur during decision making processes. Authoritative management was understandable in the early stages of technological development when a large amount of physical labour was a sine qua non for any production system. However, the advent of modern automation and the computer makes any kind of non-creative, degraded human work obsolete, provided there is enough professional and social support. The basic question today is not mass production but the human factor. Quite a change in a rather short historical period: let us not forget that the industrial era relied heavily on child and illiterate labour, as well as pushing workers to the limits of human endurance. Lastly, thanks all people who include in my course work. Your contributions I will not forget.. Thank you..

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on

history of science and technology in medieval India: introduction. ...

an

The American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies for 1993 - Page 251 by Patt Leonard, Rebecca Routh - Reference - 1993 - 602 pages [Part of special issue on science and technology in Eastern Europe.] 4800. Bollag, Burton. ... "The New Approach to Science and Technology in Poland. ... The history of science and technology in the United States: a critical and ... by Marc Rothenberg - Reference - 1993 Page 1 A bibliography of translations from mainland Chinese periodicals in ... by Amy C. Lee, Dsai-chwen Dju Chang, Committee on Scholarly Communication with Mainland China (U.S.) - Reference - 1968 - 161 pages Australian national bibliography - Page 99 by National Library of Australia - History - 1994 The Second Australian science and technology communicators register. ... 509.94 Australian science and technology opportunities and strategies in the Asia ... Beyond history of science: essays in honor of Robert E. Schofield Page 8 by Robert E. Schofield, Elizabeth Garber - Science - 1990 - 325 pages Understanding the place of science and technology in modern Western society

and

culture is the deciphering of those values, external to the sciences and ...

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... and

Information

Technology,

ISSN

08

18-3457;

38)

Bibliography: p. ... History of science and technology: a select bibliography for students